HBa 
 
 THE CATHOLIC 
 EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT 
 
 AT THE 
 
 World’s Columbian Exposition, 
 
 CHICAGO, 1893. 
 
 Illustrative and Descriptive. 
 
 Edited by a well known Catholic writer, under the special supervision of the 
 Rev. Brother Maurelian, Secretary and Manager of the Exhibit, and com¬ 
 piled from his Official Papers and Reports. The only photographs 
 made of the exhibits at the Exposition are those from 
 which these illustrations have been produced. 
 
 COPYRIGHT 1894. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 
 
 Publishers, 
 
 CHICAGO, 
 
 1896. 
 
LETTER FROM HIS HOLINESS POPE LEO XIII 
 
 TO 
 
 RIGHT REV. J. L. SPALDING, D. D. 
 
 Bishop of Peoria and President of the Catholic Educational Exhibit, World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893. 
 
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 Leo P. P. XIIT. 
 
 Venerable Brother: 
 
 Health and Apostolic Benediction. We recognize 
 with pleasure from your letter dated the 20th of May, 
 that a not insignificant part of the vast collection of all 
 kinds of things which will be exhibited in Chicago, the 
 coming year, will consist of the resources which Catho¬ 
 lics will bring together and by which the exhibition will 
 be the richer; we also recognize the fact that the heads 
 of all Catholic Institutions devoted to the instruction of 
 the young have been urged to do their share by the ex¬ 
 hortation of our Venerable Brothers the Archbishops 
 of the United States. 
 
 Although there is the united voice of the authority 
 of the fore-mentioned Archbishops, and that so far it is 
 evident to us that all to whom this exhortation is directed 
 will carry out their desire, nevertheless, we are unwilling, 
 that our commendation should be wanting to this noble 
 idea and undertaking. In short, we rightly understand 
 that the affair tends to this: that the efforts of those who 
 devote themselves to the education of the young, may 
 be increased, and that greater aids and appliances may 
 be at their service, so that they may acquit themselves 
 of their duty in the best possible manner. 
 
 Moreover, this undertaking will tend to show that 
 the Catholic Church is not to be. satisfied with a lack of 
 culture or with the obscurity of ignorance; but, that 
 mindful of its being built by the Divine Wisdom, it 
 bestows care everywhere in general, and prefers espe¬ 
 cially what is most perfect in those things which relate 
 to the proper communication of knowledge. Wherefore 
 for you, Venerable Brother, who have chiefly undertaken 
 the care of this project, and likewise for those by whose 
 aid you may be strengthened to attain more fully the 
 proposed end, we, in a special manner, invoke the most 
 abundant helps of the Divine favor. 
 
 Finally we most lovingly implore for you the guid¬ 
 ance of the Divine Goodness, and impart to all zealous 
 co-operators the Apostolic Benediction. 
 
 Given at Rome at St. Peter’s, the 20th day of July in 
 the year 1892, of our Pontificate the Fifteenth. 
 
 (Signed) Leo P. P. XIII. 
 
 To Our Venerable Brother, 
 
 John L. Spalding, Bishop of Peoria. 
 
 & 
 
IrjtrodfciGtiorj. 
 
 I T is the aim of this book to give as faithful a description of the Cath¬ 
 olic Educational Exhibit as possible, and to make it a record, a 
 lasting memorial of the noble work done by the prelates, the clergy, 
 the members of Religious Teaching Orders and Catholic Lay Teachers. 
 These loyal members of the Church had earnestly at heart the success 
 of the great cause of education, and did the work they had undertaken 
 in its behalf with a thoroughness that enlisted all their energy and 
 ability. Their aim was to present to the public an exhibit from Catholic 
 institutions of learning showing that the work of Catholic schools com¬ 
 pares favorably with that from the secular and state institutions. 
 
 They realized that it must be an educational exhibit, in truth and 
 in deed, such as would be a visible and positive refutation of the state¬ 
 ments that the Catholic Church is opposed to intelligence; that she 
 delights in the allegiance of the ignorant; that she represses study, and 
 “chains the intellect of her people to the wheel of the Pope’s chariot.” 
 
 They succeeded in making an exhibit that demonstrated what the 
 Catholic schools are, in nature, in scope, in achievement. The exhibit 
 included complete and beautiful displays of Kindergarten work, delight¬ 
 ful samples of class exercises from that most difficult of departments, 
 the primary school; almost numberless papers from grammar schools, 
 high schools, academies and colleges, presenting evidence, in the 
 course of studies followed, and in the methods by which instruction had 
 been imparts!, that Catholic teach cm are abreast with pedagogical 
 science to which their adversaries attach so much importance. They 
 gave proof, in the authentic work of the children themselves, that their 
 methods of instruction are logical and effectual, as well as in harmony 
 with the needs and the capacity of childhood. 
 
 Without the co-operation of the Most Rev. Archbishops, the Rt. Rev. 
 Bishops, the Rev. Clergy, and the members of the Religious Teaching 
 Orders, this exhibit would not have graced the World's Columbian 
 Exposition, hence it is fitting that this publication shall do them honor. 
 
 It is a well-established fact, that the exhibit from the Catholic 
 Schools at the Columbian Exposition of 1S93 was the greatest of its 
 kind ever presented, greatest not alone in dimensions, but as an example 
 of the progress of mankind in education. It is not probable that the 
 present generation will see its superior, representing, as it did, the work 
 of over thirteen hundred schools, from all 1 •arts of the United States, 
 
 Canada, Spain, England, France, Belgium, the Hawaiian Islands and the 
 Isle of Mauritius. 
 
 Great as will be the beneficial influence of the greatest of Educational 
 Exhibits, much will be lost unless secured in some safer receptacle than 
 the memory of man. Obviously the best and most enduring form for 
 the preservation of any kind of knowledge is a properly written and 
 illustrated book, whose authors entertain an adequate conception of then- 
 subject, with the ability to present the same systematically arranged, and 
 in clear and logical sequence. 
 
 Pictures alone, however beautiful, or essential to the imparting of 
 knowledge, are not in themselves enough—the intellect as well as the 
 eye must be entertained. In order to produce such results, the best 
 talents of an author, together with illustrations must be brought into 
 requisition, that the mind may be impressed by the understanding it 
 receives through the eye. 
 
 The publishers of this series have spared neither purse nor personal 
 exertion; having but one thought, and that—to identify themselves with 
 a publication which will represent to the eyes of the world the powers, 
 capabilities, art, knowledge and trade-skill of the colleges, academies, 
 parochial schools and various other educational institutions of the 
 Catholic Church. This publication, like the exhibit itself, will succeed, 
 we hope, in broadening the fellowship and sympathy of all mankind, 
 and exercise a vast deal of good throughout the world. 
 
 To the kindly co-operation of Dr. »S. II. Peabody, chief of the Liberal 
 Arts Department of the Exposition, the promoters of the Catholic Edu¬ 
 cational Exhibit owe mainly their success in having their display so 
 extensive and effective as it was. To his aid they are indebted for the 
 prominent site and ample space they secured; and he, on his part, felt 
 how largely this display contributed towards making the World’s Fair an 
 adequate exemplar of the active mental and mechanical progress of the 
 age. In his little speech, on the throwing open of the exhibit, he warmly 
 expressed his thanks, on behalf of the World’s Fair authorities, to all 
 who had co-operated in the work. His surprise at the colossal result 
 achieved in such a brief interval was not concealed; and the eulogy 
 which he pronounced on the zeal of the whole Catholic teaching body 
 in preparing the youth of the Catholic population for the practical work 
 of existence was the genuine expression of a broad and liberal mind. 
 
 Histoi-V of the (f)Figin of the Exhibit. 
 
 HOUGH the modern idea be that of utter separation of Church 
 and State, yet their interests must run parallel, if the nation 
 is to enjoy that noble peace, so conducive to true progress, that origi¬ 
 nates in the proper adjustment of things spiritual and material. The 
 Catholic Church, conservative as she is known to he, yet endeavors in 
 all things not essentially opposed to religion, to conform to the require¬ 
 ments of the nation’s material advancement, and even to sympathize 
 in the nation’s pleasures and relaxations, harmonizing her movements, 
 as far as may be, with those of the State. Hence, when there was 
 question of a memorial celebration, in honor of our country’s discovery, 
 the Church was eager and active in her sympathetic appreciation of the 
 dignity of the occasion, and of the plans instituted, whereby to place 
 it in a unique position on the pages of history. 
 
 The Columbian Exposition was designed to glorify Columbus, to 
 render memorable his achievement, and to place “1892” among the illus¬ 
 trious dates of history. As soon as the intention of the State was an¬ 
 nounced, the Church considered, as she would have done on any national 
 occasion, her responsibilities and possibilities in regard to it, particularly, 
 as the event commemorated belonged to her history, even more than to 
 that of the State. An opportunity to take part in the Columbian Exposi¬ 
 tion was presented her, when it was proposed that an educational de¬ 
 partment should be one of its prominent features. A movement favoring 
 the participation of the Church, in the formation of that department, 
 was at once inaugurate, at home and abroad. Rome spoke its ap¬ 
 
 proval, through the Pope’s letter that opens this volume, and the voice 
 of home authority was not long silent. 
 
 When the Archbishops of the United States met at Boston, in July 
 1890, the subject was considered and a committee was appointed to 
 attend to the preliminaries. This was composed of Cardinal Gibbons, 
 Archbishop Feehan, Archbishop Ireland, Archbishop Riordan and Bishop 
 Spalding. These distinguished persons named a date on which superiors 
 of teaching orders or delegates from the various states and towns should 
 meet in Chicago, and issued a circular accordingly, inviting them to 
 take counsel together. 
 
 This meeting took place in the rooms of the Columbus Club, Chicago, 
 on the morning of October 8th, 1890. A number of prominent Catholics, 
 from various parts of the country, participated; among these were repre¬ 
 sentatives from Catholic schools, academies and universities. The pur¬ 
 pose of those assembled was to hike steps towards presenting at the 
 World’s Fair in Chicago, a complete exhibit of Catholic educational 
 work. Rt. Rev. J. L. Spalding, of Peoria, presided; Mt. Rev. John 
 Ireland, of St. Paul, gave a practical address, in which he suggested 
 that the exhibit should be made thoroughly American in character, and 
 reminded the educators present that the American public would be keen 
 to discover what was best in educational methods. Vice-President 
 Bryan, of the World’s Fair Directory, made a brief speech on behalf 
 of the board, promising every assistance required, and the assignment 
 of ample space. 
 
The conference then agreed that the work of preparation should begin as 
 soon as possible, and to this end a board of directors was named and a committee 
 consisting of 
 
 Rf.v. E. A. Higgins, S. J., St. Ignatius College, Chicago, 
 
 Professor Maurice F.Egan, LL.D., Notre Dame University. Notre Dame, Ind. 
 William J. Onahan, LL.D., Chicago, 
 
 were appointed to draw up a circular of instructions for the guidance of those 
 who would take part in the educational exhibit. 
 
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 
 
 Rt. Rev. J. L. Spalding. D.D.. Chairman; Rt. Rev. Andrew Hintenach. Arch- 
 Abbot, O. S. B.; Rt. Rev. Fintan Mundweiler, Arch-Abbot, O. S. B.; V. Rev. 
 Thomas J. Campbell, S. J.. New York.; V.Rev. Thomas E. Walsh, C. S. C., Notre 
 Dame, Ind.; Rev. E. A. Higgins, S. J., Chicago; Rev. John T. Murphy, C. S. Sp., 
 Pittsburg, Pa.; V. Rev. P. V. Kavanagh, C. M., Niagara, N. Y.; Brother Maurel- 
 ian, F. S. C.. Memphis, Tenn.; William J. Onahan, LL.D,, Chicago; Maurice F. 
 Egan, LL.D., Notre Dame, Ind.; Brother John B. Kim, S. M., Dayton, O.; Rev. 
 Thomas P. Hodnett, Chicago; V. Rev. Joseph Sasia, S. J., San Francisco, Cal.; 
 Rev. Thomas McMillan, C. S. P., New York; V. Rev. Jerome Kilgenstein, O. S. F., 
 Cincinnati, O.; Rev. Edward P. Allen, Mt. St. Mary’s, Emmittsburg. Md.; Rev. 
 M. V. Marsile, St. Viateur's, Bourbonnais Grove, Ill.; Rev. David Fennessy, St. 
 Mary's College, Lebanon, Ky.; Rev. Joseph Butler, O. S. F., Alleghany, N. Y.; 
 Rev. N. J. Shulte, Davenport, la.; Charles W. Stoddard, Washington, D. C.; Conde 
 B. Pallen, St. Louis, Mo.; Rev. M. M. Gerend, St. Francis P. O., Milwaukee, Wis.; 
 Morris St. P. Thomas, Chicago; M. W. O'Brien, Esq., Detroit, Mich.; Rev. 
 P. J. Muldoon, Holy Name Cathedral, Chicago; Rev. D. J. Riordan, St. Eliz¬ 
 abeth's Church, Chicago; Brother Adjutor, Do La Salle Institute, Chicago; 
 Brother Baldwin, St. Patrick's Academy, Chicago; Hon. Thomas A. Moran, Chi¬ 
 cago; V. Rev. L. Beck, S. M., Dayton. O.; Rev. Brother Celestine, S. C., Bay St. 
 Louis, Miss. 
 
 Meetings of the Board of Directors were subsequently held in Chicago. Ill- 
 in the rooms of the Columbus Club, on July 1, 1391. and in St. Louis, Mo., at the 
 Lindell Hotel on November 30, 1891; and at the latter meeting it was resolved 
 that a report be submitted to the Most Reverend Archbishops, representing that 
 the board had concluded its labors, which were merely preliminary, and suggest¬ 
 ing the appointment of competent executive officers, and the providing of funds 
 for the proper installation and all other matters connected with the Catholic 
 Educational Exhibit in 1893. 
 
 His Eminence the Cardinal and the Most Reverend Archbishops accepted 
 and approved the report, and requested 
 
 Right Rev. J. L. Spalding, D.D.. Bishop of Peoria, 
 to assume the responsibility of President, and 
 
 Brother Maurelian, President of the Christian Brothers' College, 
 
 Memphis, Tenn., 
 
 "jhe great ©iscocerer a 
 
 to act as Secretary and Manager of the National Catholic Educational Exhibit, 
 World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893. 
 
 The Cardinal showed his approval of the Catholic Educational Ex¬ 
 hibit in the following letter to Brother Maurelian. 
 
 Cardinal's Residence, 
 
 408 No. Charles St., 
 
 Baltimore, April 30,1893. 
 
 Brother Maurelian. 
 
 Dear Brother:— In response to your esteemed favor of the 17th inst., I need 
 scarcely say that the Catholic Educational Exhibit meets my entire and hearty 
 approval; and I sincerely hope that all Catholic Institutions of learning of every 
 grade will promptly and cheerfully respond to the invitation extended by the 
 Archbishops of the United States, and unite to make the Exhibit redound to 
 their own glory, and that of our holy Church. I bless you, your work and all 
 who will zealously co-operate with you in promoting and assuring its success. 
 
 Again wishing you God-speed in your work, and praying God will bless you 
 in a signal manner, I am Yours faithfully, 
 
 J. Cardinal Gibbons. 
 
 Thus originated the Catholic Educational Exhibit, the occasion of 
 such great pleasure to some, and of such great surprise to many. So 
 great was the enthusiasm felt regarding the Catholic Educational Ex¬ 
 hibit that the various schools seized the opportunity of preparing work 
 for it, esteeming it, very justly, an honor to be identified with it in its 
 future record. 
 
 Some one has described the feeling of prelates, priests and religious, 
 in regard to the Exposition, as similar to that which animated the peo¬ 
 ple and the nobility of the Middle Ages, when helping to erect the 
 glorious Gothic Cathedrals; each was anxious to .contribute something, 
 were it only a mite, towards the erection of this monument to the 
 Church’s love for true learning and wise progress. 
 
 Doubtless during the life of the present generation, the uplift¬ 
 ing influences of this exhibit will be felt, and its broadening of good 
 fellowship will be experienced, not only in the United States, but even 
 in other lands to which its fame has been carried, by the multitude of 
 foreign visitors. 
 
 In the honors lavished upon Columbus, Isabella of Spain must al¬ 
 ways share, hence we combine their names in one grand tribute. 
 
 HhS Ro\^l Benefactress. 
 
 ^OOLUMBl'S, in whose honor America created and brought to a glor- 
 ious termination her wondrous Exposition, was a Catholic; the 
 science of navigation, by which he w ! as enabled to guide his ships safely 
 over the unknown seas, was a Catholic science—a science that had pro¬ 
 gressed from its elements to its higher principles, during a 
 strictly Catholic era: the Queen who helped him was 
 Catholic, and the immediate results of his discovery 
 were in favor of Catholic growth and the advance 
 ment of Catholic interests. It follows that the 
 children of the Catholic Church had special reason 
 to rejoice in the occurrence and success of the 
 Columbian Exposition, and that they were eager 
 to acknowledge their debt to Columbus by dedi¬ 
 cating to his memory all the honors and glories FI 
 
 of their Educational Exhibit. Not a school for- X 
 
 r 
 
 got that his was the first place on that occasion, 
 not a pupil failed to mention him in some paper 
 or essay, and with his name there always appeared 
 that of Isabella. 
 
 No Columbus, as he appears in history, would 
 have been possible without an Isabella, hence no setting 
 forth of the Catholic Educational Exhibit would be com¬ 
 plete without the presence of this type of noblest Catholic w 
 manhood, the model Catholic queen. Four hundred years have only 
 added to the splendor of her fame; have only brought to full light the 
 glorious characteristics of this daughter of old Castile in Catholic Spain, 
 this womanly queen, whose natural heroism in motive and in action, was 
 
 enhanced by the sublimity of her faith, by the superiority of her wise 
 government and by her devotion to the highest interests of her kingdom. 
 
 It is worthy of note that while secular, and even royal advisers stood 
 aloof, so as to leave the ardent Franciscans, the erudite Dominicans, and 
 ^ the grand ecclesiastic Cardinal Mendoza, the sole promoters, 
 except Saint Angel and Quintavilla, of the scientific truths 
 v advocated by Columbus, the mind of Isabella grasped 
 Im them, with as clear a perception, with as firm an ad¬ 
 vocacy, as that of Franciscan or Dominican, Bishop 
 or Cardinal. The spiritual possibilities, also, that 
 they saw in the distant future, she made her 
 present ruling motive. She foresaw the eternal 
 p results of the voyage of Columbus; the exclama- 
 ; tion she uttered, that to secure these results she 
 j would willingly pledge her jewels, has become 
 the poetic heritage of the world. She will go 
 down to the end of time, in the world’s heart, as 
 7 the co-discoverer of America. Her story should be 
 on the lips of every American child, and her noble 
 liaracter should be as familiar to him as that of Co¬ 
 lumbus. To every girl, whatever her walk in life, Isa¬ 
 bella should be an example of wise maidenhood, and to 
 y woman, the consideration of her deeds should be a stimulus 
 to sympathetic co-operation in all that is noblest in human enterprise. 
 In this great queen, virtue was not a mere avoidance of evil, but an en¬ 
 ergetic participation in all that is good, and an interest in all that could 
 conduce to the benefit of her neighbor. She was as the woman of the 
 
Proverbs “laying her hand on the spindle and all her domestics clothed 
 in double garments;” yet, while giving evidence of such practical wisdom, 
 she manifested an ideality in her nature that gave an unspeakable charm 
 to her as wife, mother, patroness and queen 1 ; well might one of her noble¬ 
 men exclaim, “She is the most gracious lady I have ever seen ! ” 
 
 Her graciousness was not, however, her highest, nor her strongest 
 characteristic. With the gentle refinement of a truly womanly queen, 
 she united a firmness of purpose worthy of a king, but she sacrificed 
 none of her womanly influence, by a rude manifestation of the masculine 
 strength of mind which she possessed in such an emi¬ 
 nent degree. In this she is a marked contrast to Eng¬ 
 land’s boasted “good Queen Bess, ” proving, in all her 
 efforts for the welfare of Spain, that it is possible for a 
 woman to govern with masculine wisdom and to con¬ 
 trol with masculine power, without losing her feminine 
 charm of speech and manner. 
 
 Writers of Isabella’s own day are enthusiastic in her 
 praise and time has sanctioned their eulogies. She is 
 described as of middle size, and of graceful form, with 
 fair complexion, auburn hair and blue eyes, a personal¬ 
 ity more charming to us perhaps than the dark type of 
 the Spaniard. 
 
 The mingled gravity and sweetness of her counte¬ 
 nance won all who approached her, while her singular 
 modesty of demeanor secured, forever, their special re¬ 
 gard; yet her great firmness of purpose and earnestness 
 of spirit did not fail to impress them with a sense of her 
 strong individuality and forceful spirit. 
 
 Ferdinand is said to have possessed a clear and 
 comprehensive genius, and great penetration. Equable 
 in temper, indefatigable in business, wise in council, he 
 was also cold, selfish and artful, hence Isabella’s influ¬ 
 ence was of immense importance to the people over 
 whom these truly devout sovereigns reigned. Though 
 strongly attached to her husband and studious of his 
 fame, yet she always maintained her distinct rights as 
 an allied monarch. 
 
 She excelled him in beauty, personal dignity, acute¬ 
 ness of genius, and grandeur of soul. Where he saw 
 only an idle adventurer, she beheld a possible discoverer 
 in Columbus; when he thought only of the probable loss 
 of any funds that might be invested in the enterprise 
 proposed by Columbus, she considered the grand possi¬ 
 bilities of gain for religion and benefits for immortal 
 souls. Her ardor modified his coldness; her generosity 
 balanced his excessive prudence; her faith and trust in 
 God’s designs for mankind counteracted the king's 
 superlative craft, hence combining the active and reso¬ 
 lute qualities of man with the softer charities of woman 
 she mingled in the warlike councils of Ferdinand, and, 
 being inspired with a nobler idea of glory than he, in¬ 
 fused a more lofty and generous temper into his subtle 
 and calculating policy. 
 
 It is in the civil history of their reign, however, that 
 renders the character of Isabella most illustrious. Her 
 fostering and maternal care was directed, with marve¬ 
 lous success, to the reformation of the laws of Spain and 
 to the mitigation of the evils engendered by a long series 
 of civil wars. 
 
 Isabella, in advance of her age, in her estimate of 
 woman’s mental capacity, gathered round her throne 
 the ablest men of the time, men distinguished in litera¬ 
 ture and in science, taking herself the lead in all efforts for the advance¬ 
 ment of literature and the arts. By a wise distribution of honors and 
 rewards, she promulgated knowledge, fostered the recently invented art 
 of printing and brought the University of Salamanca to an eminence 
 above all similar institutions of the period. 
 
 Such was Isabella “the Catholic,” such was the noble woman destined 
 to acquire immortal renown by her spirited patronage of the glorious 
 discoverer of a new world. 
 
 The picture that accompanies this sketch is a reproduction of a pho¬ 
 tograph of Miss Harriet Hosmer’s statue of Isabella of Castile. 
 
 The exquisite sculpture was modeled in Rome, after the most ap¬ 
 proved likeness of the Queen; the drapery was copied from the most 
 authentic relics of her majesty’s costumes. This lovely work of art was 
 ordered by the Queen Isabella Association, and was intended to grace 
 the World’s Columbian Exposition. It has won the enthusiastic admira¬ 
 tion of artist and connoisseur on both sides of the Atlantic, and is 
 regarded as the crowning work of Miss Hosmer’s genius. She has rep¬ 
 resented the queen stepping down from her throne to honor Columbus, 
 and in the act of offering her jewels, which she holds in one hand, the 
 
 QUEEN ISABELLA OF SPAIN. 
 
 other being extended to present a testimonial of the honors to be con¬ 
 ferred on Columbus and on his heirs forever, if he secures success. 
 
 The royal dignity of her attitude, the gracious generosity of her im¬ 
 plied intentions, as shown in the extended hands, the nobility of a 
 heart that works not for its own glory, as shown by the almost veiled 
 eyes, all this, and even more of womanly virtue and queenly greatness, 
 has the gifted artist succeeded in portraying with her magic chisel. 
 
 Happy is the thought, however, that it is not in marble only, but in 
 living and grateful hearts that the fond memory and the charming 
 image of Isabella of Castile is preserved and cherished. 
 
MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL AIM'S BUILDING. 
 
 I HE Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building was the Leviathan 
 
 X of the Exposition. It was as notable for the symmetry of its 
 proportions, however, as for its size, and was the largest building ever 
 erected in the world. This edifice was rectangular in form, being 1,687 
 by 787 feet, with a ground area of nearly thirty-one acres, and a floor 
 and gallery space of forty-four acres, costing one million and a half dol¬ 
 lars. The iron and steel in the roof would have built two Brooklyn 
 bridges, and in the skylights were eleven acres or forty carloads of glass. 
 
 To give the reader an idea of the immensity of this structure, lie can 
 judge the same when we say that any church in Chicago could he,placed 
 in the vestibule of St. Peter’s Church at Home, and this building was 
 three times as large as St. Peter’s. The old Roman Coliseum seated 
 eighty thousand people, while this wonderful accomplishment of man¬ 
 kind was four times greater than the Coliseum, and three hundred thou¬ 
 sand people could have been seated therein. 
 
 Its ground plan was more than twice the size of the great pyramid of 
 Cheops, and the standing army of Russia could have been mobilized 
 under its roof. 
 
 The architecture was of the Corinthian style, and in point of it being 
 severely classic, excelled nearly all of the other buildings. The long 
 array of columns and arches which its facades presented, were relieved 
 from the monotony by very elaborate ornamentations. In these orna¬ 
 mentations, female figures, symbolical of the various arts and sciences, 
 played a very conspicuous and attractive part. The motive of these 
 architectural inspirations was undoubted®’ for the purpose of impressing 
 the beholder with its solidity and grandeur, and not to subordinate these 
 considerations for mere beauty. 
 
 With the sight unbroken, and the sense distracted by carved balconies, 
 columned porches and arabesques, the building would be seen in parts, 
 and not as one gigantic whole, and its immensity would be thus frittered 
 away and lost to the spectators. As it was, the eye took in at a glance 
 its chaste, plain exterior, and the mind was thrilled by the idea of its 
 stupendous size, solidity and strength. In the southeast portion of the 
 gallery of this building was installed the Catholic Educational Exhibit. 
 
 The admirable picture of the building in which the educational de¬ 
 partment was located will he of interest to our readers, particularly to 
 those who did not see the reality and to those whose pleasant memories 
 will be awakened by its appearance. The untiring efforts made by 
 Brother Maurelian, and other interested persons, to obtain a separate and 
 suitable building for so important an exhibit as that from the schools ol 
 the country, were unsuccessful, but produced one good result, that of 
 securing an assignment of greater space in the Liberal Arts Department 
 than it was the original intention of the authorities to grant. 
 
 On the 21st of October, 1892, there were gathered in the huge build¬ 
 ing named above, over one hundred and fifty thousand people ol all 
 nations and creeds, to celebrate the opening of the greatest Exposition 
 the world has ever known. In oration, in ode and in song did this great 
 gathering of people do honor to Columbus, who, through his piety, his 
 
 perseverance and his bravery, had given to the world this rich and fruit¬ 
 ful country; Columbus, who, when he planted the cross at San Salvador, 
 laid, as it were, the corner stone of this Catholic Educational Exhibit. 
 
 We may go hack to even an earlier date than that of the landing of 
 Columbus on strange, new shores, for the influences that energized the 
 exhibit; this statement recalls an entry made, in the register of the Cath¬ 
 olic Educational Exhibit, on the occasion of the formal opening. It was 
 penned bv the man who spent sixteen years in travel, and in efforts to 
 bring into realization the greatest of modern enterprises, the World’s 
 Columbian Exposition, and ran as follows: 
 
 Chicago, June 24th, 1893. 
 
 If it had not been for the “monks" and their faithful work on this continent, 
 this gallery would not show the proofs of progress in all branches of sciences, arts 
 ami handicrafts which are witnessed hero to-day. 
 
 “Dr. Chas. W. Zaremba,” 
 
 Originator of the World's Columbian Exposition. 
 
 The Catholic corner of the Liberal Arts Building was remarkable, not 
 only for the most extensive and most brilliant display of educational 
 work, hut for its evidence of patriotic feeling, on the part of the exhibitors. 
 Bunting and flags decorated the front of the gallery; tri-colored festooning 
 brightened almost every booth; flags of all sizes and various materials, 
 from calico to silk, fluttered in conspicuous places, and portraits of Co¬ 
 lumbus, of Washington and of other national characters were to be seen 
 gracing the walls ofa multitude of alcoves—portraits executed by pupils 
 in crayon, in pastel, in pencil drawing and in oil painting. Scarcely a 
 hound volume of examination papers or class exercises, was without its 
 U. 8. Escutcheon, its American Eagle, its flag of pretty water color 
 tints. Even the exhibits from France, England, Spain and Belgium, 
 displayed their national flag intertwined with that of the United States. 
 
 The various collections of exhibits were indicated by signs, some 
 large and ornamental, others small and daintily decorated, each calling 
 the visitor’s attention to a wealth of interesting objects, so numerous and 
 so beautiful as to make him despair of ever examining them all. 
 
 It was apparent that the space originally asked for by Brother 
 Maurelian, would have barely sufficed to display the work effectually and 
 judiciously. Not only was every foot of space allotted utilized, hut the 
 alcoves of many collective exhibits were overcrowded, and should have 
 been as large again, to accommodate the displays properly. Not less 
 than twenty collections were thus crowded. 
 
 In connection with the location of the exhibit, it will be interesting, 
 no doubt, to have the displays characterized and enumerated. They 
 were presented by one national university, six ecclesiastical seminaries, 
 twenty-eight normal schools, two universities, twenty-three colleges, 
 twenty-six commercial colleges, two hundred and seven collegiate insti¬ 
 tutes, four professional art schools, four agricultural schools, four pro¬ 
 fessional training schools, one mining school, twenty-two special schools 
 (art, kindergarten, technical and deaf-mute), nine hundred and sixty-one 
 parochial schools, twenty-eight industrial schools, twelve orphanages. 
 
eight institutes for Indians and Negroes, and thirty-nine special classes, 
 making in all, one thousand three hundred and seventy-six exhibits. 
 
 The kind words of appreciation received, by Brother Maurelian, from 
 the World’s Fair Officials were a source of gratification to all connected 
 with the exhibit. Director General Geo. It. Davis expressed himself as 
 follows: “Occupying about one-sixth of the entire space set apart for 
 educational purposes and embracing subjects in range from kindergarten 
 to the university, the exhibit constituted a complete representation of the 
 Catholic educational institutions of the country, and contained much 
 that was interesting from abroad. It has been seen by hundreds of thou¬ 
 sands of visitors from home and abroad, and may he regarded a* one of the 
 marked successes of the Exposition.” 
 
 “ The efforts put forth to secure this result were in the highest degree 
 gratifying to the management. Indeed, the flattering interest evinced 
 toward the entire Exposition by His Holiness in Rome has been the cause 
 of great congratulation, and the favorable disposition of the Vatican, 
 manifested in various ways, has been regarded as an important factor in 
 furthering our own efforts and contributing to the general success of the 
 undertaking. ’ ’ 
 
 In the following pages, profusely illustrated and filled with exact 
 descriptive text, will be revealed to the reader the beauty and extent of 
 the most complete educational exhibit ever opened to the public. The 
 Catholic teacher or student who spent days in examining the exhibit, 
 and the appreciative reader who did not have the good fortune to visit 
 the Columbian Exposition, will alike find in these pages much to inter¬ 
 est them, much that will become a source of joy and laudable pride, as 
 proving the earnestness and the thoroughness of those who prepared this 
 magnificent display. 
 
 The pleasure of the reader will be still further enhanced as he turns 
 the leaves, by the recognition of the portraits of respected and beloved 
 Catholics prominently connected with the exhibit, especially with the 
 educational department. In this connection, we call attention to the 
 well executed and faithful portrait of the Holy Father. 
 
 The pictures of the various exhibits as given in this work, are fac¬ 
 similes of those that appeared in the richly ornamented white morocco 
 album presented to the Holy Father by the Columbus Club of Chicago, 
 after the close of the Exposition. 
 
 The general interest felt in this display of school work by the pre¬ 
 lates and by Catholic educators, and the urgent demand for this publica¬ 
 tion have encouraged us to expend unlimited money and effort to place 
 it before the public, to perpetuate for many future generations the mem¬ 
 ory of this unparalleled educational exhibit. 
 
 ££\JCA"^0NAL section 
 
 LIBERAL ARTS DEPT. 
 
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 CATHOLIC 
 
 EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT 
 
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The World’s Columbian Exposition simply dwarfs all previous 
 attempts at similar displays; it lias been the giant mother of giants and, 
 comparatively speaking, one of its largest offsprings was the Catholic 
 Educational Exhibit. History has no record of even a meagre ap¬ 
 proach to its immense showing: 29,214 square feet of floor space, afford¬ 
 ing over 60,000 square feet of wall and desk surface for the purpose 
 ol display, 1,000 lineal feet of aisle—these are the official figures that 
 bespeak its magnitude. The diagram on page S shows how this space 
 was laid - but. 
 
 The ardent expectations from the most sanguine have been distanced. 
 From all lips, partisan and non-partisan, have dropped words of praise 
 and exclamations of astonished delight. 
 
 All honor to the Most Reverend Prelates, whose positive confidence 
 in Catholic institutions prompted 
 this magnificent output of intelligent 
 and true education. Praised be the 
 Right Reverend Prelates, Pastors, 
 
 Superiors of Religious Teaching Or¬ 
 ders and Institutions, and the busy 
 bee teachers in the honey-combed 
 hives of the school-houses for the 
 zeal that produced the glorious 
 tribute to education epitomized in 
 the following pages. 
 
 Among the Most Rev. Prelates 
 referred to above, there was one who, 
 by reason of his residence and the 
 location of his sacred charge, came 
 in closer contact with the World’s 
 Columbian Exposition than his Most 
 Rev. Confreres; to him we now turn 
 our reverent attention. 
 
 Most Rev. P. A. Feehan, D. D., 
 
 Archbishop of Chicago, in whose 
 Diocese the World’s Columbian Ex¬ 
 position, 1893, was located, was, as 
 it were, host of the multitude of 
 Catholic guests that assembled 
 Chicago to attend the Fair. In this 
 character, he is presented to our rea¬ 
 ders next after •Columbus and I sa¬ 
 bella, and before those directly con¬ 
 cerned with the exhibit as its officials. 
 
 The personification of conservatism, 
 this illustrious man has among his 
 qualities one that commands the ad¬ 
 miration of the world; he can keep 
 his own counsel; no printed or spoken 
 word has ever gone from him that 
 might be tortured into an offensive 
 meaning. A man among a mil¬ 
 lion, everything bearing upon his 
 personality is of interest to the pub¬ 
 lic. He was born in Tipperary, 
 
 Ireland, August 28th, 1829. His 
 childhood and youth were re¬ 
 markable for quiet studiousness, distinguished as he grew older, by 
 an increased reserve and piety, until having made his choice of a 
 vocation, the highest and most sacred, his piety' developed into ardent 
 zeal, and he became a priest. He joined the St. Louis Diocese and was 
 ordained by Archbishop Kenrick in 1852. On the first of November, 
 thirteen years afterward, he received the Episcopal consecration from the 
 same illustrious prelate. Having been consecrated Bishop of Nashville on 
 the feast of All Saints, 1865, he entered upon his sacred duties just in 
 time to revive the spirit of religion, which had languished and almost 
 died out, during the Civil War. Finding the diocese with only twelve 
 churches and fifteen priests, he left it, on his appointment to Chicago, 
 with twenty-nine churches and thirty-three priests, also with the services 
 of the Christian Brothers, Dominican Sisters, Sisters of Mercy, of the 
 Good Shepherd, of St. Joseph and of the Most Precious Blood. His 
 worth was known in Rome, for when it was determined to give Chicago 
 a Metropolitan and two years had been spent in determining the proper 
 
 man, the Bishop of Nashville was the one selected. Fifteen years of pi'ii- 
 dent administration has proved the wisdom of his appointment to the 
 great western See. The church in Chicago has kept pace with the 
 growth of the city; there are more Catholics in this See city than in the 
 entire state of Missouri, and more churches for them than in any other 
 city in the Union. The Archbishop’s wondrous w inning kindness ren¬ 
 ders him greatly beloved by the priests and people of his great Arch¬ 
 diocese. A magnificent specimen of physical manhood, his soul is 
 greater than his frame and his heart is in every work that is good. 
 
 Archbishop Feehan expressed his appreciation of the Catholic Edu¬ 
 cational Exhibit in the following words: “There could be no higher or 
 greater object lesson than this ; whoever examines even a part of this 
 exhibit can never again say, and should never permit it to be said, that 
 Catholic schools and Catholic educa¬ 
 tion are inferior to any other found 
 in the whole country. The Exposi¬ 
 tion will perish but among the things 
 that will never perish are the lessons 
 and results of this grand exhibition 
 of the methods and the teachings of 
 Catholic schools. We look forward 
 to the time when this beneficent 
 system of schools will be found 
 everywhere.” 
 
 Nothing could more surely bring 
 about the fulfillment of His Grace’s 
 anticipation than the Catholic Edu¬ 
 cational Exhibit which, formally 
 opened on Saturday, June 24, 1893, 
 stood as a witness for the excellent 
 character of Catholic school work. 
 In every alcove, in every display, 
 were given most eloquent and con¬ 
 vincing proofs that “this beneficent 
 system of schools” deserves to be 
 “found everywhere.” 
 
 In his address, on the occasion of 
 the formal opening of the Catholic 
 Educational Exhibit, Brother Maure- 
 lian referred to the fact that never 
 in the history of the world had a col¬ 
 lective educational exhibit of such 
 magnitude been presented to the 
 public, and then he paid a glowing 
 tribute to the devotedness, the zeal, 
 and the generous co-operation of the 
 Catholic hierarchy. 
 
 Bishop Spalding, in his reply to 
 Brother Maurelian’s address, dwelt 
 on the fact that the grand collection 
 of educational work surrounding 
 him and his hearers was a most em¬ 
 phatic contradiction of the error ex¬ 
 isting in many minds that religion 
 is the one all-absorbing subject 
 taught in Catholic schools. 
 
 As President of the Educational Exhibit, Bishop Spalding handed it 
 over to the authorities, represented by Dr. Peabody. That worthy gen¬ 
 tleman and distinguished scholar expressed, with great warmth and 
 sincerity, his pleasure and edification, as awakened by what he saw so 
 intelligently was the undeniable merit of the Catholic Educational 
 Exhibit. 
 
 He accepted the royal gift of loyal Catholic hearts and minds in the 
 spirit in which it was offered, in a spirit of harmony, of union and of 
 C'h ristian b roth erhood. 
 
 Thus opened a department of the Columbian Exposition, destined to 
 influence very greatly the future of Catholic educators, and to honor 
 very highly their past. 
 
 Cordial and generous as was the hospitality accorded the World’s 
 Fair visitors by Chicago and her Archbishop, equally rich and abun¬ 
 dant was the intellectual feast spread for them by the Rt. Rev. President 
 of the Catholic Educational Exhibit whose biography is subjoined. 
 
I N writing the biography of one who still inhabits the earth, the barest 
 outline is all that may be given; and, however illustrious the in¬ 
 dividual, respect for his personal feelings and his probable dislike for all 
 that savors of adulation, forbids that more than a hint be given of the 
 laurel wreath that might fittingly be woven and placed upon the breast 
 of the departed, but may not, without offense, be raised to the brow of 
 the living. 
 
 high honor of which his golden eloquence proved him entirely worthy. He sub¬ 
 sequently won fame as a preacher in the pulpit of the Cathedral at Louisville, in 
 which city he built a brick church and pastoral residence for a negro parish. In 
 three years, this work was complete and the parish out of debt. In 1872, his 
 uncle, the Archbishop died, and left all his papers to Father Hecker, who invited 
 Father Spalding to New York to write the life of the deceased prelate. As a re¬ 
 sult. we have the best piece of biography that any American has penned. O. A. 
 Brownson did not hesitate to pronounce it equal to Boswell's “Life of Johnson. ’ 
 
 Father Spalding continued for some time as curate in St. Michael's parish, 
 New York. Then, a thing that rarely happens, the curate was made Bishop. 
 When he reached his Diocese, it comprised 51 churches and 28 priests; now it 
 contains 201) churches, 152 priests, 69 schools, 9 hospitals and 2 orphanages. 
 
 The Catholic Colonization Society found in him an earnest worker. With 
 voice and pen he called the multitudes from the suffocating and crowded tene¬ 
 ments of the East to the broad plains of the West. 
 
 Several years later, he pushed the Catholic University, of America, from the 
 regions of uncertainty and talk, to the realms of brick and mortar. All this while 
 ho was writing essays and reviews, was lecturing and preaching, was writing 
 poems and publishing books. 
 
 When the fictitious “Henry Hamilton" faded away, the'identity of the Bishop 
 of Peoria was revealed, as the author of some of the most beautiful of our Amer¬ 
 ican poems. This opposes the assertion that poets are always dreamers; occa¬ 
 sionally there is one among them who knows when to dream, and when to be 
 wide awake. When the school question was agitating the secular and religious 
 press, Bishop Spalding was not dreaming. His attention was fixed upon the 
 Catholic Educational Exhibit and its possibilities. Here was to be a silent an¬ 
 swer to many a slander; the Catholic schools were to be proved second to none; 
 the philosophy of Catholic education was to be proved correct and admirable. 
 
 Now that all the great works that Bishop Spalding has inaugurated, from 
 time to time, are either accomplished facts or progressing certainties, with an 
 efficient future before them, ho will doubtless, conceive in his great creative 
 mind, some new means for benefiting mankind and furthering the interests of 
 religion. 
 
 Even this early in his life, he has fulfilled what the angel spoke to the Bap¬ 
 tist. In his own Diocese he lias labored "to prepare for the Lord a perfect peo¬ 
 ple.” With the gifts of his mind, the power of his eloquence, and the charm of 
 his pen, he has turned "the incredulous to the wisdom of the just." by his labors 
 in connection with the Catholic Educational Exhibit, he has "turned the hearts 
 of the fathers to the children.” His versatility has only been tested—not ex¬ 
 hausted. His mind is at its flowerage; his body still is strong; his heart un¬ 
 daunted. The promises that the young man gave have been fulfilled beyond 
 compare. Now that age is about to begin the sweetening process, the world may 
 receive from his generous abilities even greater benefits than heretofore; this will 
 certainly be the case, if heaven answers the prayers uttered in the world's behalf, 
 that lie,may long be spared to add to its spiritual riches and to further its spirit 
 ual progress. 
 
 RT. REV. J. L. SPALDING, D.D. 
 
 To a home on an old Catholic plantation in Kentucky, one blessed morning 
 in June, the Angel of Life brought a strong human soul in an infant boy's frail 
 form. The waters of Baptism removed from the soul its only stain, and the boy 
 was called John. The loving Catholic mother knew the value of Cod's gift to 
 her, and realized the full significance of the baby-Christian's coming to earth. 
 Yet even she had much to learn regarding him, as he grew, in age and grace, from 
 babyhood and boyhood to strong, noble manhood; for he was one who "should 
 turn the hearts of fathers to the children, and the incredulous to the wisdom 
 of the just, to prepare for the Lord a perfect people.” The family tree whereon 
 he grew, had often been shaken by the hand of God, and had scattered rich fruit 
 in many a sanctuary. One of his uncles was an Archbishop of Baltimore; an¬ 
 other, Vicar-general of the Diocese of Louisville: a first cousin is a priest in the 
 Archdiocese of Philadelphia; his brother was rector of the Cathedral at Peoria, 
 and his sister, the Superior of a convent. The atmosphere about his cradle was 
 truly Catholic; he, as it were, breathed with the air of his home, fidelity to the 
 faith, and for that faith he was destined to do mighty deeds. His uncle, Bishop 
 of Louisville, had a sincere though supernatural attachment for his nephew, who 
 became his favorite; this affection of his venerable relative was a beautiful fea¬ 
 ture in the life of the youth, and made easy for him the pathway to the sanctuary. 
 Having expressed a wish to become a priest, he was afforded the opportunity of 
 studying Theology at home, and he later continued the study at the American 
 College at Louvain; 1S68 found him ready for ordination, but he lacked a year of 
 the canonical age. A dispensation was granted in this case, and happily for the 
 world, there was another Father Spalding, this time a John Lancaster Spalding. 
 The Lancasters, as is well known, have also given many noble priests and sisters 
 to the Church. One year more of study in Rome and Father Spalding returned 
 to his native land. Ere his arrival, his uncle had become Archbishop of Balti¬ 
 more, and to the See of Louisville had succeeded Bishop Laviallc. Hardly had 
 Father Spalding commenced his priestly labors, than Archbishop Blanchet. in 
 far-away Oregon, having knowledge of his ability, felt an intuition of his future 
 greatness, so when his Grace attended the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore, it 
 was with Father John Lancaster Spalding as his theologian. Only 26 years of age, 
 Father Spalding was the youngest theologian in that renowned gathering. The 
 Council needed orators, and of course many bishops were chosen; three priests 
 were also selected for the purpose of delivering the desired discourses, one of these 
 was the late Father Hecker, another the present Archbishop of Philadelphia, and 
 the third was the twenty-six year-old theologian John Lancaster Spalding, a 
 
 REV. BROTHER MAURELIAN, F. S. C. 
 
To awaken the enthusiasm of Catholic educators, and to bring the 
 Educational Exhibit to a glorious close was quite within the sphere of 
 Bishop Spalding’s abilities and tastes. Its success under his direction 
 was no surprise, it was from the first an assured fact. It is almost 
 needless to state that he found an efficient and never failing assistant 
 and support in the indefatigable labors of the subject of the following 
 sketch : 
 
 When Bishop Spalding was requested to assume the presidency 
 of the Educational Exhibit and push it to success, he accepted 
 on condition that Brother Maurelian would be appointed secretary 
 and manager. Accordingly His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons laid a 
 request from the prelates before Brother Maurelian’s superiors. They 
 gladly assented to the proposal, and the Brother at once assumed 
 charge. The ideas that lie had put forth at the meeting referred 
 to in our history of the Exhibit, were at once acted on and the suc¬ 
 cess of the National Catholic Educational Exhibit has proven 
 the correctness of his practical judgment, as well as the wisdom 
 of Bishop Spalding’s choice. The motive that has prompted 
 every act of Brother Maurelian’s is the honor and advancement 
 of Catholic education. To-day, lie is 58 years of age. Thirty- 
 nine of these fifty-three years he has spent in the ranks of that 
 religious institution, which Leo XIII. has alluded to as “the 
 vanguard of the Church.” lie attended the parochial schools 
 of Baltimore, where the Christian Brothers were his teachers. 
 
 At 14, he was admitted to their Preparatory Novitiate, The 
 years of labor in the class room (that followed) were spent in 
 the Southland and he has been president of the Christian Broth¬ 
 ers’ College at Memphis, Tenn., since its opening. The Educa¬ 
 tional Exhibits in London, 1884, received a careful study at his 
 hands; so also did those in Paris, 1889, and he had entire charge 
 of the exhibits of his Order at the World’s Cotton Centennial in 
 New Orleans, 1S85. The record lie has made at the World’s 
 Columbian Exposition could have been accomplished only by a 
 man prepared as he was for the work. Only he who has under¬ 
 taken it can conceive a just idea of what it means to personally 
 attend to the details of exhibits from over 1300 institutions. 
 
 Brother Maurelian had even more to do: he had to personally 
 instruct the majority of the exhibitors in the methods best suited 
 to display the inner workings of their class rooms. When he 
 began the work, be it remembered, nothing was ready. Hun¬ 
 dreds of letters were poured in upon him with the interrogation 
 “What are we to do?” “How are we to do it?” Then came 
 up questions of finances, of space and of other matters which 
 only the patient spirit and mollifying qualities of Brother Maure¬ 
 lian could grapple and master. And he did it. A recent writer 
 in a magazine alludes to him as “The Von Moltke with whom 
 the scheme of mobilization originated.” That writer went wide 
 of the mark. It is easy to mobilize armies that exist. That is 
 all that Von Moltke did. Had he given orders for the creation 
 of each soldier of his armies,—had he started out with nothing, 
 and mobilized armies, then would he have accomplished some¬ 
 thing akin to what Brother Maurelian has achieved. With such 
 men as he, are the ranks of his Order filled. What a grand van¬ 
 guard the Catholic Church possesses. Long before the World’s 
 Fair, public opinion, strong and highly honorable, if only local, 
 had laid laurel wreaths at Brother Maurelian’s feet, as witness 
 the following extract from a Memphis paper: “Brother Maure¬ 
 lian has done a noble work since he came to Memphis sixteen years ago, 
 a stranger, and began with few scholars, and under most discouraging 
 circumstances, what is now a flourishing college. We have noted his 
 progress with pleasure, and bear willing testimony to his zeal, his courage, 
 his persistent energy, his staunch integrity of purpose, his unflinching 
 devotion to duty.” 
 
 A generous tribute that time has proved to have been well deserved 
 by its recipient. 
 
 From Brother Maurelian’s personality, we turn to his last great work 
 which had so important a place in the great national display- the 
 Columbian Exposition, fittingly opened Oct. 21st, 1S92, by His Emi¬ 
 nence Cardinal Gibbons, the highest ecclesiastical personage in the land, 
 with the following Dedicatory Prayer : 
 
 We are assembled, O Lord, in Thy name to celebrate with grateful homage 
 the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of this continent. We adore 
 
 Thy wisdom in choosing for this providential mission Thy servant, Columbus, 
 who, united to the skill and daring of the navigator, the zeal of an Apostle and 
 who was not only impelled by the desire of enriching his sovereign with the 
 wealth of new dominions, but was inspired with the sublime ambition of carrying 
 the light of the Gospel to a people buried in the darkness of idolatry. Whilst the 
 laud which gave birth to Columbus and the land from which he set forth on his 
 voyage of exploration through hitherto unknown seas are resounding with divine 
 praise, it is well and just that we give special thanks to Thee, since we have a 
 share in that earthly heritage, which his indomitable spirit purchased for us and 
 for thousands unnumbered of the human family. For where blessings abound, 
 gratitude should superabound. And if Columbus poured forth hymns of thanks¬ 
 giving to Thee when a new world first dawned upon his vision, though, like 
 Israel's leader, ho was not destined to abide in the promised land, how much 
 greater should be our sonse of devout gratitude, since, like the children of Israel, 
 we enjoy the fruit of his labors and victory. 
 
 But not for this earthly inheritance only do wo thank Thee, but still more for 
 the precious boon of constitutional freedom which wo possess, for even this 
 favored land of ours would be to us a dry and barren waste, if it were not 
 
 HIS EMINENCE JAMES CARDINAL GIBBONS. 
 
 moistened by the dew of liberty. We humbly implore Thee to continue to bless 
 our beloved country and her cherished institutions, and we solemnly vow in this 
 vast assembly, and in the name of our fellow citizens, to exert all our power in 
 preserving this legacy unimpaired and transmitting it as a priceless heirloom to 
 succeeding generations. 
 
 We pray Thee, O Lord of might, wisdom and justice, through whom authority 
 is rightly administered, laws are enacted and judgment decreed, to assist with 
 Thy holy spirit of counsel and fortitude the President of these United States, 
 that his administration may be conducted in righteousness and be eminently 
 useful to Thy people over whom he presides, by encouraging due respect for 
 virtue and religion and by a faithful execution of the laws in justice and mercy. 
 
 May the new life and growth which it will impart to this throbbing center of 
 trade, pulsate and bo felt oven to the farthest extremity of the land, and may the 
 many streams of industry converging from every quarter of the globe in this 
 great heart of Illinois flow back with increased abundance into every artery of 
 the commercial world. May this International Exposition contribute to the pro¬ 
 motion of liberal arts, science, useful knowledge and industrial pursuits. 
 
As 1900 years ago men assembled in Jerusalem from various portions of the 
 Old World to hear from the lips of Thy Apostles “ the wonderful works of God," 
 so shall we soon behold men assembled here from Europe, Asia, Africa and 
 Australia, from the Islands of the Atlantic and the Pacific as well as from all 
 parts of the American Continent, to contemplate the wonderful works of man— 
 of man created to Thine image and likeness, of man endowed with divine intelli¬ 
 gence, of man the production of whose genius manifests Thy wisdom and creative 
 power not less clearly than the heavens which declare Thy glory, and the firma¬ 
 ment which showeth forth the works of Thy hands. And as every contemplative 
 being and student of nature finds “ tongues in trees, books in the running 
 streams, and sermons in stones," and rises from nature to nature's God, so will he 
 devoutedly rise from contemplation of these works of human skill to the admira¬ 
 tion of Thee, the uncreated architect. Grant, O Lord, that this pacific reunion 
 of the world's representatives may be instrumental in bringing together in closer 
 ties of friendship and brotherly love all the empires and commonwealths of the 
 globe. May it help to break down the wall of dissension and jealousy that 
 divides race from race, nation from nation, and people from people, by proclaim¬ 
 ing the sublime lesson of the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man. 
 May the good will and fellowship which will be fostered in this hospitable city 
 among the delegates of the powers be extended to the government which they 
 will represent. May the family of nations become so closely identified in their 
 interests by social and commercial relations that when one nation is visited by 
 any public calamity, all the others will be aroused to sympathy, and be ready if 
 necessary to stretch out a helping hand to the suffering member. Arise, O God, 
 in Thy might, and hasten the day when the reign of the Prince of Peace will be 
 firmly established on the earth, when the spirit of the Gospel shall so far sway 
 the mind and heart of rulers, that the clash of war will be silenced forever by the 
 cheerful hum of industry, that standing armies will surrender to permanent 
 courts of arbitration, that contests will be carried on in the cabinet instead of 
 the battlefield and decided by the pen instead of the sword. Finally we pray 
 Thee that under Thy superintending providence that “ reacheth from end to 
 end mightily and ordereth all things sweetly," this Columbian Exposition, like 
 the voyage of Columbus, may result in accomplishing a divine as well as a human 
 mission. May it exert a wholesome influence on the moral and religious as well 
 as the social and material world. May it promote the glory of God as well as the 
 peace and temporal prosperity of man. May it redound to the development of 
 
 was born in Baltimore, July 13th, 1834. Cardinal Gibbons is to-day but 
 60 years of age. His father took him in early life to Ireland, where he 
 began his school life. He returned to America and completed his 
 theological studies in 1860, when he was ordained by Archbishop 
 Francis Kenrick. The story of Cardinal Gibbons’ life is one ot untiring 
 labors crowned with successes. Eight years after ordination he was 
 consecrated Bishop. His Vicariate had but two priests and 700 
 Catholics. By his arduous labors, with pen and voice, as well as by the 
 suavity of his manners, he has broken down the barriers of prejudice 
 and gained souls to the Catholic fold. “The Faith of our Fathers” is 
 one of the intellectual monuments his zeal has built. On July 20th, 
 1872, he became Bishop of Richmond, and in 1877 co-adjutor to Arch¬ 
 bishop Bayley of Baltimore. On the 10th of February, in the following 
 year, he received the pallium. In 1884, he presided at the Third 
 Plenary Council of Baltimore, and on January 7th, 1886, Leo XIII. 
 recognizing his worth, honored the American Primatial See by bestow¬ 
 ing upon him the Cardinal’s hat. His was the central figure at the 
 celebration of the First Centennary of the See of Baltimore, November, 
 1889, and he marked the occasion by giving to the public a second 
 tribute from his pen, “Our Christian Heritage.” This little volume is an 
 index to the versatility of his mind. Thoroughly public-spirited he has 
 won all hearts by his conciliatory manners. A strenuous worker, the 
 cardinal virtue of prudence is the Cardinal’s virtue. If there be any¬ 
 thing for which he is remarkable it is this: He always says the right 
 thing in the right way and at the right time. 
 
 E VERY living, organic body, every energetic, organized system 
 has a head, the seat of that thought, reflection and judgment 
 which guides, governs and protects. The thoroughly organized Cath¬ 
 olic Educational Exhibit teemed with life, and thrilled with energizing 
 
 PRIVATE 
 
 OFFICE 
 CATHOLIC 
 EDUCATIONAL 
 EXHIBIT 
 
 CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT 
 
 
 Hi/iiiz 
 
 
 
 r>/, - 
 
 
 Christian principles, and may the Queen of Commerce in her triumphant 
 progress throughout the world be, at the same time, the handmaid of religion 
 and of Christian civilization to the nation of the earth. 
 
 Ilis Eminence, James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore, 
 primate of the United States of America, who offered up the above prayer, 
 
 influences, and, that this might be the happy fact, it had its head, 
 the seat of a guiding, controlling mind, and that head had a special 
 abiding place, to which all who needed information were welcome, 
 and whence there went forth the force and the animating principles 
 that kept the noble intellectual machinery in motion. 
 
“I would conclude these reflections by remarking. 
 
 “First, that for these reasons the instruction and education of the young is 
 a work of the highest importance; 
 
 “Second, that the young should be educated both in mind and heart, accord¬ 
 ing to the constitution of the State, according to the great principles of morality 
 and according to a true religious spirit; 
 
 “Third, that all good men should co-operate in this great work, so that the 
 American people from generation to generation may remain always safe in its 
 political and social institutions, sincerely honeBt and faithfully religious. 
 
 “One who cannot see or would venture to deny the justice of these considera¬ 
 tions would merit no attention from reasonable and well-thinking men. 
 
 “I have been most happy to accept this reception, and it has given pleasure 
 to the superiors of the institution to offer it to me, since in my unworthiness I 
 have the honor of representing the Holy Father as his delegate. In the midst 
 of-the cares of his spiritual government, which extends itself to all the nations 
 of the earth, for the safety and profit of the institutions proper to every one of 
 them, he has no dearer object nor greater joy than in promoting in every pos¬ 
 sible way the education of the young. 
 
 “That is the work which he has most warmly recommended to the bishops, 
 
 MONSIGNOR O’CONNELL. BROTHER MAURELIAN. 
 
 ARCHBISHOP SATOLLI. 
 
 and to participate in that work is the greatest and surest title to his esteem. 
 One might well put into the mouth of the Holy Father the words of St. John: 
 
 Majorem gratiam non habeo quam ut audiam filios meos in veritate ambulare. 
 (I have no greater grace than this, to hear that my children walk in the truth.) 
 
 “I will add that it is well that young men should have from their earliest 
 days a just idea of what the Pope is, how lofty his dignity, how great his 
 authority, how beneficial his actions. His dignity and his power come directly 
 from Christ, and the exercise of this power can only bo for the benefit, religious 
 and social, intellectual and moral, temporal and eternal, of humanity. 
 
 Having paid our tribute to Columbus and Isabella, having given 
 the history of the exhibit and a sketch of the illustrious Prelate who 
 was for a time, in a certain sense, the host of the Catholic guests to 
 the Exposition, we have introduced our readers to the distinguished 
 officials of the Catholic Educational Exhibit and to its most honored 
 visitor; now we call their attention to the World’s Fair City. 
 
 “The Headquarters of the Catholic Educational Exhibit,” as shown 
 in the illustration, were certainly unpretending, hut the occupants 
 thought not of that, hut of the vast interests forming their weighty 
 responsibility. For it was no small matter to pilot, through seas of 
 prejudice and criticism, the intellectual craft of twenty dioceses fully 
 represented and forty-five partially so. 
 
 Among the distinguished guests who came to witness the launch¬ 
 ing of these diocesan educational crafts, was the illustrious Monsignor 
 Satolli, the Apostolic Delegate. 
 
 GROUP represents a scene October 22d, 1S92; Brother 
 Maurelian, secretary and manager of the Catholic Educa¬ 
 tional Exhibit, offering respectful greetings and welcome to Mon¬ 
 signor Satolli, special delegate from His Holiness Leo XIII., accom¬ 
 panied by Monsignor O’Connell, rector of the American College ot Rome, 
 Italy, to the opening of the World’s Columbian Exposition. On be¬ 
 half of all Catholic educators and institutions in the 
 United States, Brother Maurelian greeted the delegate 
 with professions of unswerving fidelity to God and 
 the Church, and with the assurance of instilling into 
 youthful minds those principles which shall make 
 them true and loyal citizens of the United States of 
 America. 
 
 Monsignor Satolli was greatly pleased with his 
 visit to the Catholic Educational Exhibit and before 
 leaving it, gave expression to his feelings in writing 
 in the following terms: 
 
 “I admire the evidences of good methods of teach- 
 ing in so many branches of instruction, hut most 
 particularly do I admire the perfection of all the work 
 exhibited. I regard the Catholic Educational Exhibit 
 as the glory of the Church and of all Catholic Institu¬ 
 tions. The whole American country will appreciate it.” 
 
 The distinguished prelate’s words were prophetic; 
 the nation does appreciate as never before, the value 
 of Catholic education, so long misunderstood, and 
 great is the interest always shown in his expressions 
 when he refers to school matters. His recent speech 
 delivered at a reception given him by the Manhattan 
 College, of New York, has provoked much kindly 
 comment. So pertinent and interesting was this dis¬ 
 course, we are persuaded to.quote a few extracts: 
 
 “Everything stands between the point from which it 
 started and the end towards which it tends. For man, how¬ 
 ever. the source from which he has derived all hiB nature 
 and all his faculties, as well as the one last end towards 
 which he is moving, can be nothing else than the Supreme 
 Intelligence, the Highest Intelligible, since in that alone can 
 he hope to reach the fullness of being, of truth, of good, of 
 beauty, which he finds but in scattered particles in created 
 nature. 
 
 -Here, then. I would reflect that in this consideration is 
 to be found the strongest argument against atheism and 
 agnosticism on the one hand, and on the other against that 
 system which would attempt the education of youth with¬ 
 out illuminating it with the knowledge of the countless re¬ 
 lations which man has with God as his beginning and his 
 end. And from this same consideration we can easily form 
 a just and wise criterion for judging and deciding on the 
 programme and method of study best adapted and most 
 advantageous—that which promise most for public and pri¬ 
 vate welfare. 
 
 “And if the Catholic schools of this country differ from the public schools 
 simply in that besides what is taught in the latter, they give the youth a sound 
 moral training and instruct them in the Catholic religion, who will dare to com¬ 
 plain of that or call it a defect? 
 
 “Surely the State desires that its youth should not only be instructed in that 
 which it ought to know, but should also be educated in that which it ought to 
 perform; and the State is worthy of all praise in doing all it can to bring about 
 such a result. 
 
 “But youth and, in general, mankind have greater and higher needs which 
 cannot be satisfied without a moral and religious education, which cannot be had 
 without the aid of those institutions which care especially for moral and religious 
 training. In brief, just as instruction separated from moral education turns out 
 vain and often disastrous, so a moral education without the spirit of religion is a 
 work which makes a man exteriorly moral but not altogether and thoroughly 
 honest. 
 
^rcfydicxzge of (®l?kago. 
 
 T HE DIOCESE OF CHICAGO was established 1844. The first 
 bishop Rt. Rev. William Quarter, D.D., was consecrated 
 March 10th of that year, and served as head of the diocese for four years, 
 dying April 10th, 1848. He was buried beneath the altar of St. Mary’s 
 Church, which stood until the fire of 1871 at the southwest corner of 
 Wabash Avenue and Madison Street. After the conflagration his body 
 was removed to Calvary Cemetery, where it now rests. 
 
 The Diocese of Chicago was created an Archdiocese in 1880 and 
 comprises at present the State of 
 Illinois north of the south line of 
 Whiteside, Lee, De Kalb, Grundy and 
 Kankakee Counties. 
 
 The Catholic population of the Dio¬ 
 cese is 560,000, and the total number 
 of children attending the parochial 
 schools and institutions is 48,000. 
 
 There are in the Diocese 38 different 
 religious teaching orders of men and 
 women engaged in and maintaining 
 various charities. 
 
 As the exhibit work was voluntary, 
 all the schools did not participate. The 
 exhibit embraced the work of 60 pa¬ 
 rochial schools, 1 college, 9 academies, 
 
 2 Houses of Good Shepherd, 2 infant 
 asylums, 1 training school, 1 Ephpheta 
 School and 1 special school. 
 
 The Catholic Educational Exhibit 
 of Chicago excelled in the extent of 
 space it occupied, in the number of 
 schools whose work it exhibited, and in 
 the number of religious orders repre¬ 
 sented. This exhibit differed from 
 others too, in having in its midst the 
 statue of its Archbishop. Pictures of 
 this treasure of art have appeared in so 
 many places as to make its main features 
 familiar, the one in this volume is par¬ 
 ticularly excellent, but the statue must 
 be seen, in the purity of its marble love¬ 
 liness, to be appreciated for its great 
 artistic merit, and its perfect fidelity to 
 nature. It is His Grace in very truth, 
 only it lacks his tender heart and noble 
 soul, yet the impress of both is visible 
 in the expression of the marble features. 
 
 The artist had admirable success in 
 catching, without any artificial ideality, 
 the spirit of the double character of 
 father and lord, the tenderness of the 
 one and the dignity of the other sup¬ 
 plementing, indeed, but in no way effac¬ 
 ing each other. Pedestals are of small 
 moment, perhaps, if only the statues be 
 worthy, and yet the beautiful object 
 that is well placed is made more beau¬ 
 tiful thereby, so it is not an altogether 
 insignificant fact that beneath our 
 Archbishop’s marble feet was a support 
 in perfect taste, and in admirable harmony with the idea of His Grace, 
 as “Protector of our schools.” The shields, on the base of the pedestal, 
 bore the names of the branches taught in the schools; the front and rear 
 of the shaft were decorated with educational emblems of every variety, 
 from harps to microscopes. The two school children, the boy at the right 
 and the girl at the left, are truly typical; he with his eyes bent downward, 
 intent on the things of earth, represented by his book, on which he gazes 
 so earnestly; she, with her eyes turned Heavenward, her expression one 
 of rapt attention to higher thoughts, has closed her book, in order to re¬ 
 flect. Thus, with hand outstretched in benediction, stood His Grace of 
 
 Chicago, in the midst of the educational results he had done so much to 
 further. This statue is a work of art and reflects credit on the great¬ 
 hearted priests who secured it as the .central attraction of Chancellor 
 Muldoon’s gigantic and exceptionally fine exhibit. 
 
 The Chicago space was divided by two broad passage ways, one or 
 which ran due north and south; the other, running east and west, 
 joined it at its middle point, forming with it two right angles, thus 
 affording the section three fine entrances at north, west, and south 
 
 S STATUE, AND ART WORK FROM THE ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO. 
 
 terminals of the passage ways; the statue standing at the east point, 
 and surrounded by the fine open space as shown in the above 
 illustration, had the art work of the diocesan academies for a back¬ 
 ground. 
 
 The entrances were elegantly formed by a guard at each side consist¬ 
 ing of a tastefully carved, square, oaken pillar; extending from pillar to 
 pillar of each entrance, was a head piece of stained glass, framed in 
 harmony with the wood and carving of the pillars, and bearing the in¬ 
 scription, “Catholic Educational Exhibit of the Archdiocese of Chicago;” 
 above this, in a circular frame, and painted on glass, was a picture of 
 
our Blessed Lady, surrounded by a Latin inscription making the 
 petition, “Blessed Lady, pray for us. ” From the top of each pillar 
 rose a tall pole bearing a banner; of these there were six, two of the 
 United States, one of Erin, one of Canada, two not national; the last two 
 were of heavy white watered silk on which handsome designs were 
 painted with water colors; one ot them, a contribution of the Domini¬ 
 can Nuns at Sinsinawa, Wis., presented in rich colors, and with artistic 
 taste, a. representation of the Western Hemisphere, and the American 
 Eagle, surrounded by masses of lovely pansies and exquisite wild roses. 
 The rich gold trimmings and the heavy gold cord and tassels gave the 
 proper finish to the beautiful artistic work. The other was equally 
 rich and beautiful, but the contributor was unknown. 
 
 The wide area around His Grace’s statue was handsomely carpeted, 
 and was adorned with portions of exhibits from the academies of the 
 Sisters of Notre Dame, of Bourbonnais Grove and Kankakee, and of the 
 School Sisters of Notre Dame of Longwood. At right, and at left of the 
 statue, were alcoves, divided by low partitions, and containing the ex¬ 
 hibits of all the academies of the Archdiocese, also Miss Starr’s art dis¬ 
 play, and the exhibit of the Ephpheta School for the deaf and dumb. 
 
 Cfyc <£pbpf?cta School for tfye Deaf anb Dumb. 
 
 This admirable school for deaf mutes originated in 1884, in that 
 simple manner that makes some great works seem almost accidental, 
 though their progress shows their beginning to have been providential. 
 Several ladies happened to meet in a parlor for mere social intercourse; 
 they entered into a serious conversation, however, that resulted in the 
 establishment and maintenance of the Ephpheta School for deaf mutes; 
 so simple are the ways of God and of true charity in mankind. Two 
 pupils were enrolled on the day of opening; twenty-eight attended 
 during the second year, a number which necessitated more ample accom¬ 
 modations, and the services of another teacher. In the year of the great 
 Fair, there were seventy-eight pupils, torty-five of whom were boarders. 
 The institution was supported by charity, notably by that of the 
 Ephpheta Society, to the members of which all who belong to the school 
 owe a great, debt of gratitude. Any one who saw the exhibit of this in¬ 
 stitution must have been impressed, when reflecting on the affliction of 
 the pupils and the peculiar difficulties of the teachers, by the character 
 of the work displayed, comparing, so admirably as it did, with the work 
 of pupils sensitive to sound, and therefore alive to the voice of the 
 teacher. 
 
 Our young friends of the world of silence proved, by their dainty and 
 correct work, the theory that the compensation for a lost sense is ad¬ 
 ditional strength in the others. The pupils of the Ephpheta, deprived 
 of hearing and of speech, showed that they possessed the other senses in a 
 wonderful state of perfection; for how sure the hand, how keen the eye, how 
 correct the taste that decorated, with exquisite carving, the cabinet of 
 white oak, that stood back of His Grace’s statue. What mattered it to the 
 boys who did this beautiful work, that they could not, while engaged in 
 it, hear the noises of the busy world about them? They were all the 
 happier for being in the world of silence. Nor do they seem to be un¬ 
 happy at any time, for in reading their little school journal, one was 
 impressed by the sense of contentment, and even of joy, that its simple 
 articles conveyed. These were copied with an Edison Mimeograph, and 
 the result showed skill in the handling of the machine as well as in the 
 production of compositions. These contained accounts of the afflicted 
 children’s daily life and revealed their habits of thought. It was inter¬ 
 esting to notice how easily and naturally they used the expression, “we 
 heard,” “we said,” though they never heard or said a word in all their 
 silent young lives, except by signs, and could of course form no distinct 
 idea of sound, not the faintest idea ot what it might mean “to hear” or 
 “to say” a thing. 
 
 So suitable is it to the gentle religious of the church to be engaged in 
 this work requiring so much patient perseverance, we regard the E]>hpheta 
 School as one of the most important of the institutions that exhibited 
 work at the great Exposition. For this reason it is entitled to a detailed 
 description of its display as showing a peculiar phase of Catholic Educa¬ 
 tional success. 
 
 It is a gracious characteristic of the methods pursued in this insti¬ 
 
 tution that it does not confine its labors to the training of the silent 
 pupils in the common branches only, but affords them the pleasure and 
 the possible profit of an accomplished coursein the fine arts. They must 
 earn their living in some silent way, hence the importance to them of 
 manual and artistic training and its sure development of skill. The art 
 display of the Ephpheta exhibit included plaster medallions, modeled 
 from life and from flat representations; charcoal studies of fruit and 
 pastel studies of the Human face and form, besides large complete pic¬ 
 tures in crayon, pastel and water-color. One young girl had several fine 
 pieces that showed quite a remarkable talent; among these was a char¬ 
 coal study of the head of Dante in three positions, and a cast modeled 
 from life, a fae-simile, there could be no doubt, of the boy who sat, or 
 stood, to have his round head and roguish features reproduced with such 
 life-like effect. A charcoal study of the head of Menelaus, and a med¬ 
 allion of the “Mater Dolorosa” by this same silent artist, were particularly 
 good; one might have thought that the old Greek hero had stepped out 
 from a page of Horner and had graciously permitted this maiden, who 
 will never hear the majestic measures of Homer’s verse, to gaze upon the 
 warlike beauty of the old poet’s grand creation. “Raphael,” modeled 
 from a cast, and “Niobe,” a study in drawing from a cast, were also very 
 well executed, and with several “Studies in Perspective” added much 
 to the general effect. Another cast of a boy’s head was quite as good to 
 the eye as the roguish one referred to above, but not to the judgment, for 
 it was done from a cast, and the former was taken from life. Several of 
 these medallions and drawings may be clearly distinguised, just back of 
 Miss Starr’s alcoves, in one of the illustrations which follow later in this 
 volume. 
 
 The bound volumes of class exercises and examination papers were 
 an important and most interesting part of the exhibit, for they showed 
 what patient training and affectionate counsel will do, for even the most 
 afflicted of earth’s children. Certain of the volumes nad an introduc¬ 
 tory page informing the reader that the contents were gathered, hap-haz- 
 ard, from among the daily exercises of the classes, and hence were a 
 fair test of the work done in the school. Each exercise tended to in¬ 
 crease the vocabulary of the pupils, and was designed to give practice in 
 the proper, and even elegant use oi the English language. 
 
 The babies of the silent world, also, had their volume of class work on 
 exhibition; it contained primary work, specimens of writing, of spelling 
 and of language, contributed by children from four to twelve years of 
 age. 
 
 In the exercise of a little four-year-old, were such expressions as, “I 
 walked,” “I jumped,” etc., in the little one’s own writing. “Otto 
 combed his hair” is excellent spelling for a damsel seven years of age. 
 Lists, of “name words,” of “action words,” etc., were correctly given by 
 pupils who had been in the school only six months. Object lessons on 
 familiar things, as “a chair,” “an orange,” etc., were reproduced by the 
 little ones with excellent fidelity. A page from the journal of a miss 
 only seven years old gave much amusing information in perfectly correct 
 language. “The Preposition Drill” was a feature of the second grade 
 work; it consisted of fifteen original sentences, illustrating the proper use 
 of the various prepositions. Neat exercises in arithmetic adorn the work 
 of the third and fourth grades. An experienced teacher, while examin¬ 
 ing these papers, recalled the struggles she had had with impatience 
 when teaching arithmetic to pupils possessing all their senses, and she 
 wondered how this work had oeen 1 nought to such perfection in all grades, 
 though the members were deaf mutes. Catechism had been carefully 
 taught and well learned in all grades. The language lessons had evi¬ 
 dently been presented to the pupils in accordance with recent improved 
 methods which these pupils had applied with profitable exactness, and 
 an excellent degree of intelligent comprehension. 
 
 The needle-work, which was skillfully and tastefully executed, con¬ 
 sisted of a child’s dress, two aprons and several pieces of table linen 
 handsomely embroidered. These beautiful articles were in the glass case 
 to be seen in the illustration, as previously referred to. 
 
 Quite in harmony is it with the busy world’s varied senses that we 
 turn from the work of deaf mutes, taught and supported by charity, to 
 the elegant productions of cultured artistic taste and talent, developed 
 and trained regardless of the value of time or money. Such productions 
 were displayed under the auspices of one whose name is a household 
 word in every American Catholic home, Miss Eliza Allen Starr. 
 
 The balance referring to the Archdiocese of Chicago will follow later in this 
 volume. 
 
 16 
 
sj^rcfycliocese of \ea: Y or ^- 
 
 Most Rev. Michael Augustine Corrigan, D.D.. was the first student to enter the 
 American College at Rome. Born in Newark, N. J.. August 13th, 1839, he was sent, 
 in his sixteenth year, to Mount St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, Md. In 1863. on Sep¬ 
 tember 19th, Cardinal Patrizzi ordained him in St. John Lateran. Rome. 
 Continuing his studies, he became a Roman doctor, and then returned to his 
 native country. Bishop Bayley assigned him the chair of Dogmatic Theology and 
 Sacred Scripture in the Diocesan Seminary, of which he, ere long, became its 
 Vice-president, succeeding to the office of President of Seton Hall upon the eleva¬ 
 tion of Dr. McQuaid to the episcopacy. 
 
 Besides the labors attached to this position, he also performed the duties of 
 Vicar-General. His youth was forgotten in his capacity for work, and the ex¬ 
 actitude with which he discharged every duty. Dr. Corrigan succeeded to the See 
 of Newark, when Bishop Bayley became Archbishop of Baltimore. After seven 
 years of unostentatious and earnest labor, he had increased the churches in his 
 diocese from one hundred and twenty-one to one hundred and fifty : besides forty 
 stations, and the priests from one hundred and sixteen to one hundred and 
 ninety-two; also the parochial schools from fifty-seven to one hundred and fifty- 
 three. Then did Cardinal McCloskey select him as his co-adjutor. and at the 
 death of the Cardinal, he succeeded him as the third Archbishop of New York. 
 Since then, it has been a matter of wonder how one person can attend to all that 
 
 MOST REV. M. A. CORRIGAN, D.D. 
 
 the Archbishop accomplishes. Leo XIII.. by appointing him to the rank of 
 Bishop assistant at the Pontifical throne, has given public approbation to his 
 prudence and good management in the midst of many and serious difficulties. A 
 model of ecclesiastical discipline, religion has flourished beneath the rule and the 
 influence of this unostentatious, gentle and firm man of God. 
 
 Extract from Archbishop Corrigan’s letter of August 17th, 1892: 
 
 "It may be added here that the Holy Father has recommended us to take 
 part in the Columbian Exhibition, which will be held in 1893. I have already 
 conferred with Brother Maurelian, who has been charged by a committee of pre¬ 
 lates to look after Catholic interests at the Exposition, and I therefore, with re¬ 
 doubled pleasure, invite and exhort the Catholic schools and institutions of learn¬ 
 ing in the Archdiocese of New York to take part in the Diocesan exhibit, at the 
 World's Fair, in Chicago, Ill. More work and much better work is done in our 
 schools than that of which the public at large has any knowledge or conception. 
 While we do not seek to obtrude this fact upon public notice, nevertheless, as the 
 opportunity comes without our seeking it, we should not neglect it, as it will tri¬ 
 umphantly show how much is accomplished in our schools, through the untiring 
 efforts of our devoted teachers." 
 
 In his addi’ess, when the New York Building was dedicated, Arch¬ 
 bishop Corrigan expressed himself as follows: 
 
 "What do we find in that Educational Exhibit ? I trust you have all made it a 
 special business to examine the magnificent display of our schools and academies 
 in the World's Fair. That exhibit speaks volumes for itself of the self-sacrifice 
 and enthusiastic devotion of the teachers of our Catholic faith, of our Sisters, of 
 our Brothers, who have toiled day after day to accomplish such results, and all 
 this without State aid, in the midst of many difficulties, sowing in tears that they 
 might reap in joy. The results speak for themselves. St. John, in one of his 
 homilies, said : 'Great, indeed, is the power of the painter, wonderful the profes¬ 
 sion of the sculptor, of those who make the picture canvas breathe, and the 
 marble instilled with the glow of life; and yet nobler far is he who, from un¬ 
 formed materials, fashions and models the soul to lineaments of virtue.' And 
 this is what is being done all our country over by our teachers.” 
 
 In Archbishop Corrigan’s diocese is the Island of San Salvador, 
 where Columbus landed on Oct. 12th, 1492, hence it was fitting that Ilis 
 Grace should have delivered the address referred to, and, indeed, the 
 Catholic Exhibit had few warmer friends than lie whose own schools as 
 represented by their exhibits, called forth from the Chicago Times the fol¬ 
 lowing significant sentence: “Archbishop Corrigan’s monument is the 
 showing of his schools.” A lordly monument indeed! No marble 
 shaft carved with the cunning skill of a sculptor, could so well honor a 
 great churchman’s name as the educational exhibit of the city of New 
 York, not to mention other parts of the vast diocese. Among the many 
 institutions that claim Archbishop Corrigan as father and friend is the 
 New York Catholic Protectory. To its history and exhibit we will now 
 devote our attention. 
 
 New York has reason to he proud of her noble and well-con¬ 
 ducted institutions which minister to almost every form of human 
 want and misery. She has been the pioneer in many reforms for 
 the amelioration and elevation of the destitute and wayward. Tier 
 people have not been slow to grasp the truth that all have obligations 
 toward their less favored brethren, and, in the spirit of her large-minded 
 charity, she seeks to provide means whereby those needing aid receive 
 that care and attention which their conditions demand. Among the 
 many charitable institutes in the country, few have attracted wider 
 attention than the New York Catholic Protectory. It has served as a 
 model for many others, and some of its important features have been 
 incorporated into other works of charity. Its results form a fitting 
 subject for encouragement, while the extent, variety and novelty of 
 some of its workings are worthy of study. 
 
 The sad condition of the homeless and neglected children in the 
 large centers of trade had often been noticed and commented upon. 
 Various institutions had been opened to shelter them, yet they increased 
 so rapidly that there were always a considerable number that had no one 
 to look after them, and who were liable to drift into the criminal class, 
 owing to their destitution and proximity to vice. 
 
 I n many parts of the Union, children arrested for trifling offenses were 
 compelled to associate in the common prison with old offenders, which 
 served still further to debase them and perhaps give them knowledge of 
 how crime could be committed. Happily this condition, especially in 
 the older communities, does not now exist to any great degree. The 
 establishment of reformatories throughout the country, has enabled the 
 wayward youth to receive the care which will fashion him into the use¬ 
 ful and law-abiding citizen. 
 
 Before the Protectory was established one of the New York dailies 
 contained the following: 
 
 "It is not uncommon in the cold winter nights to find hanging over the 
 grating of some printing office, a prostrate form, thinly clad and emaciated, seek¬ 
 ing to nurse the vital spark of life by the genial heat that arises from the engine 
 room beneath the pavement. These are what are called in Paris ‘gamins’ of the 
 street: here they are denominated ‘outcasts.’ or to use the more charitable 
 expression of benevolence, ‘our destitute children.’ ” 
 
 The need of a shelter for Catholic children had long been felt. Many 
 destitute Catholic children were deprived of the ministrations of their 
 religion in institutions to which they had been sent by zealous people who 
 considered that they were doing good, whereas they were deeply paining 
 Catholics by ignoring the rights which the constitution assures even to the 
 pauper, that of worshiping God according to the dictates of conscience. 
 The magnitude of the labor involved in founding an institution for the 
 destitute and wayward youth, the large amount of money needed to 
 inaugurate and maintain it, the difficulty of securing religious men to 
 
conduct its male department, these were some of the considerations that 
 long deterred ecclesiastical authorities from undertaking the desirable 
 though impracticable work, but, as is ever the case with that which 
 God designs to bless, the favorable time arrived at last, and the institu¬ 
 tion was established, in a totally unexpected and truly providential 
 manner. 
 
 Most Rev. Archbishop Hughes of New York was the medium 
 through whose strong and gracious hand the charity of certain wealthy 
 gentlemen reached the destitute little ones of Christ’s flock. His 
 Grace, having administered Confirmation in the Church of the An¬ 
 nunciation in Manhattanville, met, at its rectory, several earnest 
 gentlemen whose conversation turned on the deplorable condition of 
 homeless children, and resulted in the subscription, by each of them, 
 of from two to five thousand dollars, towards the erection of suitable 
 
 Thus originated this grand work of charity; thus was it organized 
 and shaped to its noble purpose. The celerity with which the work 
 was prosecuted showed how deeply in earnest were the gentlemen by 
 whom it had been conceived and undertaken. 
 
 In two private dwellings, on 36th and 37th streets, near 2d avenue, 
 the first band of “protected” boys found shelter, under the pastoral 
 care of Rev. Father Clowery, who attended their spiritual wants, and the 
 paternal care of Rev. Brother Teliow, who supplied their physical needs 
 and attended to their intellectual requirements. To Brother Teliow’s 
 untiring zeal and devotedness is due the great success and constant 
 progress that has blessed the Protectory from the first day of its existence 
 to the present hour. 
 
 After much difficulty and considerable delay, there was secured, on 
 86th street and 2d avenue, a suitable building for the reception of 
 
 
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 yi 
 
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 Tj zL ' IN 
 
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 IMLB 
 
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 NEW YORK CATHOLIC PROTECTORY. ALCOVES NOS. 13 AND 14. 
 
 buildings, for the reception ot the little waifs whose miseries had called 
 forth such substantial sympathy. 
 
 This was in 1862; as early as 1859, Archbishop Hughes had applied 
 to the Superior of Manhattan College for Brothers to take charge of such 
 an institution, and received the reply, “We shall be happy to co-operate 
 with your Grace’s noble intentions,” to which the Archbishop responded, 
 “In God’s name then gentlemen, let us begin the good work.” In 1863, 
 it was entered upon, by the appointment of a committee who applied 
 for a charter, and drew up the by-laws for the regulation of the tem¬ 
 poral affairs of the contemplated institution. 
 
 On the 14th of April, 1863, the Legislature granted the charter, 
 under the title of ‘ ‘ The Society for the Protection of Destitute Roman 
 Catholic Children of the City of New York;.” 
 
 destitute girls. Thereby in October, 1863, was opened the “ Female 
 Department of the Catholic Protectory,” which was at once placed under 
 the efficient care of the generous, self-devoted Sisters of Charity. 
 
 In 1866, the family of “ protected ones ” moved to the farm in West 
 Chester, where it has since existed in a flourishing condition, the 
 authorities making yearly improvements, wisely adapted to the require¬ 
 ments of modem education, and in step with advanced notions of 
 industrial training. The first president of the Protectory was the cele¬ 
 brated Dr. Levi S. Tvcs, who had shortly before, renounced the honors 
 and comforts of a Protestant Episcopal Bishop’s life to become a simple 
 Catholic layman. His magnanimity, courage, generosity and self- 
 sacrifice fitted him to be a guardian and teacher, such as the greatest in 
 the land might have delighted to claim, but he spent his sanctified days 
 
 17 
 
among the poor children of the Protectory, and died in their midst, in 
 1867. Even in death, he remains with the institution, whose interests 
 were so dear to his heart and so sensibly advanced by his unselfish 
 labors, for his body lies in the Protectory cemetery, where a massive 
 granite monument testifies to the esteem and affection of his numerous 
 surviving Catholic friends. The special purpose of the institution, and 
 the peculiar work that it is expected to accomplish, may be best under¬ 
 stood from the more salient features of the charter, such as: “A cor¬ 
 poration such as this may take, and receive into its care : 
 
 I. “ Children under the age of 14 years, who by consent of their 
 parents or guardians, given in writing, may be intrusted to it for 
 protection or reformation.” 
 
 II. “Children, between 7 and 14 years of age, who may be com¬ 
 mitted to the care of such corporation as idle, truant, vicious or home¬ 
 less children, by order of any magistrate in the City of New York, 
 empowered by law to make such committal for any such cause.” 
 
 III. “ Children of like age, who may be transferred, at the option 
 of the commissioners of public charities and correction of the City of 
 New York, to such corporation.” 
 
 “The said corporation shall have 
 power to place the children in their care 
 at suitable employments, and cause 
 them to be instructed in suitable branch¬ 
 es of useful knowledge, and shall have 
 power at discretion to bind out said 
 children.” 
 
 In harmony with the intentions of 
 the civil government in giving the char¬ 
 ter, are the following principles on which 
 is based the training, manual and in¬ 
 tellectual, given the children in the 
 Protectory:—“ It is qtfr .constant en¬ 
 deavor to mold the character of the 
 child. No success, however great in 
 other departments, can compensate for 
 failure in this. In the important work 
 of forming character, we enlist all the 
 influences at our command; among 
 these, religion necessarily holds the first 
 place, since there can be no elevation of 
 character without it.” “Education to 
 be beneficial to society, and to the State, 
 must be based on a religious founda¬ 
 tion. So thought the lather of our 
 country, George Washington; so think 
 all men of serious minds. Morality di¬ 
 vorced from religion has no vitality. 
 
 Education, founded on principles fur¬ 
 nished by religion, tends to make true 
 patriots, honest citizens and good 
 members of society.” . 
 
 “ We inculcate discipline, not solely 
 
 for its direct influence, but also for the new York 
 
 valuable results that flow from it 
 The greater number of children 
 
 committed to the institution are here because they lack self-control; they 
 have brought with them their giddiness and their instability of character. 
 Our discipline is of a nature to overcome these defects.” 
 
 “ When the tone of an institution is good, the boy coming within its 
 influence, falls, almost instinctively, into line, and tries to do what is 
 required of him.” 
 
 These extracts from the catalogue or circular of the Protectory, give 
 the key-note of its wise and efficient management. 
 
 Manual training, now so common, was a great novelty at the time 
 the Protectory opened its doors to the waifs and set them to work, not 
 only with books, but with tools and machines. Success was assured 
 from the first, both from the method by which the trades were taught, 
 and because of the short time the boys and girls were obliged to work. 
 
 To the Protectory, then, belongs the credit of being a pioneer in this 
 popular scheme for the education and training of the children of the 
 poor. 
 
 The exhibit of the New York Protectory, at the Columbian Exposi¬ 
 
 tion, was extensive, and of special interest, as showing how exceedingly 
 practical religious educators are able to make their efforts, when such 
 are demanded, and what extremely satisfactory results they are able to 
 attain. Here was a display from both departments of the institution, 
 the male under the care of the Christian Brothers, the female in charge 
 of the Sisters of Charity, and among all the educational exhibits, there 
 was none that showed so impressive a union of manual and intellectual 
 training. Certainly there was no lack of intellectual drill in the 1086 
 sets of examination papers and class exercises, immaculate in neatness 
 and almost unerring in accuracy; no lack of artistic training in the 
 twenty-five large volumes of free-hand drawing, the beautiful work of 
 children “ under the age of 14 years ” as the charter assures us; no 
 lack of practical good sense in the three volumes of mechanical drawing, 
 nor in the large folio of Projections ; no lack of cultivated taste in the 
 production of the charcoal sketches of human figures, ornamental 
 designs, and mechanical subjects displayed on 192 large sheets ready 
 for framing. To gaze upon these admirable productions of the skillfully 
 handled pencil and charcoal, and then consider the origin and previous 
 life of these youthful artists, is an impressive lesson indeed. The special. 
 
 CATHOLIC PROTECTORY. ALCOVES NOS. 13 AND 14. 
 
 and unique features of this exhibit were two wax figures, one of a girl 
 and the other of a boy, each in a complete costume of elegant and 
 finished appearance, every article of which was made by the boys and 
 girls of the Protectory. The handsome suits, the dainty shoes and 
 stockings, the hats, the collars and neckties, the pretty kid gloves, 
 everything, in fact, that belongs to a complete outfit for a boy and the 
 same for a girl, were manufactured by children under fourteen years of 
 age. Nor were these little ones permitted to neglect the intellectual for 
 the manual, as the remaining objects of the exhibit prove; for among 
 the many pairs of shoes, the great array of stockings, the specimens of 
 chair-caning, the samples of printing, and the display of every variety 
 of plain and ornamental needle-work, were to be seen a number of 
 admirably executed geographical plaster casts, also electrotype plates 
 and various specimens of excellent school work, such as requires ready 
 wit as well as skillful hands. 
 
 The balance referring to the Archdiocese of New York will follow later in 
 this volume. 
 
"Pbe Papal Josepbinum @llcge. 
 
 A S VISITORS to the Catholic Educational Exhibit of Chicago 
 turned from its beauties and glories, to enter the departments at 
 the left of it, they invariably paused, with exclamations of delighted admi¬ 
 ration, before a lofty, massive, Gothic altar that reared its stately and 
 harmonious proportions in the sanctuary-like booth of the Josephinum 
 College.- With walls draped in cardinal damask, looped with heavy 
 silken Cords and tassels, the alcove was made to adapt itself, with much 
 taste and good judgment, to the 
 proper development and skill¬ 
 ful display of the architectural 
 material, and the ornamental 
 beauties of its rich and unique 
 exhibit, the charm of which 
 was still further enhanced by 
 the canopy of crimson cloth, 
 gold embroidered, that en¬ 
 shrined it. 
 
 This altar, of which we give 
 an illustration, and which was 
 pronounced by expert me¬ 
 chanics and talented artists to 
 he the perfection of its kind, 
 was built and ornamented by 
 the students of the industrial 
 department of this college. 
 
 The material is American 
 oak, of the best and rarest 
 quality, the trimmings are of 
 mahogany; both these rich 
 woods contribute, by their 
 natural graining to the general 
 effect of the delicate carving. 
 
 The possibilities of the Gothic 
 architecture were fully grasped 
 by the youthful mechanics 
 whose cultivated taste and skill¬ 
 ful handling of mallet and 
 chisel gave to the handsome 
 array of spires and pinnacles, 
 reaching a height of twenty- 
 three feet, their exquisite 
 beauty of detail in ornamenta¬ 
 tion. 
 
 The statue on the right is that 
 of St. Peter, the one on the left 
 of St. Paul, and two angels guard 
 the tabernacle. These beautiful 
 pieces of statuary art are products 
 of students’ skill. At the left of 
 the altar is a case containing the 
 written work of the pupils of the 
 classical department, at the right 
 is a dainty carved chair from the 
 trained hands of the orphans. 
 
 The Josephinum College is 
 located in Columbus, Ohio, 
 comprising an Ecclesiastical 
 Seminary, a Classical and a 
 Scientific School, a Prepar¬ 
 atory School for the Seminary, 
 and an Institution for orphans. 
 
 It is adapted to the needs of a 
 wide circle of students, who, 
 under charge of the scholarly president, the Rev. Joseph Jessing, pre¬ 
 pared atl extensive and creditable exhibit of grade work consisting of 
 fifty-six sets of exercises in the Latin, Greek, German and English 
 languages-, an equal number in United States history, geography, 
 arithmetic and the natural sciences; forty-one albums containing ex¬ 
 ercises from the pupils of the Sexta, in the dead and in the modern 
 languages, in history, geography and stenography, also translations from 
 
 the languages named, and compositions displaying much skill in their use. 
 
 The Sexta, Quinta and Quarta each contributed folios, albums and 
 exercise books, containing papers on the same subjects, but showing dif¬ 
 ferent degrees of advancement. The papers of students making a 
 special study of business and reporter’s style of stenography in English 
 composition were exceedingly well written. The exercises in the lan¬ 
 guages were very exact and scholarly. 
 
 jOTHIC ALTAI!. PAPAL JOSEPHINUM COLLEGE. ALCOVES NOS. 80, 82 AND 84.' 
 
 The Josephinum enjoys the distinction of being the property of the 
 Propaganda at Rome, and of being the only college in America sup¬ 
 ported by the Holy Father. It is needless to state that the students’ 
 papers on Christian Doctrine were especially meritorious. 
 
 Every variety of wood-carving is taught in the Industrial School at¬ 
 tached to the college. Besides the altar, this department exhibited a 
 group of carved wooden figures—“Thou art Peter,” an imitation of a 
 
life- sized group at the college. This received much praise from com¬ 
 petent judges of such work. 
 
 The institution sent from its library and museum, for the pleasure 
 and instruction of World’s Fair visitors, seven ancient maps, belonging 
 to the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries, and showing North America, 
 Mexico, the Mississippi River, the Great Lakes and the Hemispheres as 
 people knew them then, also eight noteworthy old books in the Latin 
 of the fifteenth century. Two of them excelled the others in interest, 
 one being printed in Gothic characters, a great novelty to modern eyes, 
 and the other giving a reprint from the shorthand record of the dispute 
 between Martin Luther and Dr. Carlstadt. Several other notable books, 
 mainly the works of the ancient Fathers of the Church, were in the col¬ 
 lection, rendering it most interesting and exceedingly valuable. 
 
 A fine collection of photographs gave the inspector of the exhibit a 
 fair idea of the Ctrl lege, of its surroundings and improvements, its 
 faculty and students. Bound volumes of the Ohio Wcmenj'reund gave 
 evidence of editorial and journalistic ability on the part of the students 
 and professors. The last named are particularly proud of the statue of 
 Columbus, a dignified figure, nine feet high as it stands on its pedestal 
 in the college yard. It is executed in copper, of elegant design, and is 
 a fitting memorial of the 400th anniversary of the Discovery of America, 
 and of the great Exposition that honored it. The photographs of this 
 statue that were displayed in the exhibit, caused all who saw them to 
 desire a view of the reality. 
 
 From Rome, Italy, to Columbus, Ohio, is not a distance to the wide- 
 spreading warmth of religion and the wide-reaching power of -spiritual 
 interests, yet the fact that this institution is the daughter of the Propaganda 
 across the sea, attracted special attention to the exhibit. So varied is 
 the mission of church and school, we find it in perfect harmony with our 
 interests in both, to pass from the consideration of tiie Papal Jose- 
 phinum to that of a Diocese once called “out west”; with that thought, 
 we look upon the pictured features of Bishop Messmer. and reflect upon 
 the events of his life, before considering the exhibit from his Diocese. 
 
 Green Bay is a Diocese of fine churches ancl commodious school buildings. 
 Its bishops have ever been zealous for the advancement of religion, by means of 
 Catholic education hence it was fitting when the Diocese fell vacant, by the pro¬ 
 motion of its bishop to a loftier position and a wider field, that a scholarly priest 
 should be sought to fill the honorable post of sacred duty to intellect, as well as 
 to soul. Such was, doubtless, the idea that prompted the choice of Dr. Mess¬ 
 mer, a professor in the Catholic University of America, a student fond of burn¬ 
 ing the “'midnight oil," one so engrossed in mental work, as to decline, at first, 
 an honor that would necessarily involve a renunciation of many of his retiring 
 and scholarly habits. The Holy Father insisted on his acceptance of the office, 
 and he could no longer refuse its responsibilities; hence, on the 27th of March, 
 1892, he was consecrated, at Newark, N. J.. by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Zardetti, of 
 St. Cloud, Minn., as fourth Bishop of Green Bay. 
 
 Bishop Messmer was born Aug. 27th. 1847. in Goldach, Canton St. Gall, 
 Switzerland, near the borders of the beautiful Lake Constance, where, in his 
 boyhood, he breathed in that love for nature that inspires the heart and mind 
 of every true student. 
 
 Having made his theological studios at the celebrated University of Inns¬ 
 bruck, for live years, he was ready and well equipped for his duties as Pro¬ 
 fessor of Theology in the Diocesan Seminary at Seton Hall College. South 
 Orange, N. J.. where he remained until 1889, when he was summoned to fill 
 the chair of canon law. at the Catholic University of America. Previous to this, 
 he had charge of several small missions in New Jersey, and owing, no doubt, 
 to his knowledge of canon law, he was twice secretary of councils, once for the 
 Provincial Council, of New York, and in 1884, for the Plenary Council of Balti¬ 
 more, superintending, likewise, the publication of its decrees. 
 
 In 1885, His Holiness Leo XIII. conferred on him the degree of Doctor of 
 Divinity; in 1889 he attended the lectures of Prof. Giustiui on civil law, at the 
 College Apollinare, Rome, and in 1890 he received in Rome, the degree of doctor 
 of canon law. 
 
 We see in all these events the providential shaping of his destiny towards 
 the accomplishment of his life-work in the episcopate, and now, by his zeal and 
 kindness, we find him endearing himself to priests and people, while his Dio¬ 
 cese grows holy and prosperous. 
 
 Comments are unnecessary as an introduction to the exhibits from Green 
 Bay, its various features will speak for it, and these we will now consider. 
 
 r HE DIOCESE OF GREEN BAY was established March Bd, 
 1868. Its first Bishop was the Rt. Rev. Joseph Melcher, 
 D.D., who died December, 1875, the Rt. Rev. Xavier Krautbauer suc¬ 
 ceeding him. 
 
 The vacancy caused in December, 1885, by the death of Bishop 
 Krautbauer, was filled by the appointment in July, 1886, of Rt. Rev. 
 Frederick Katzer, who was consecrated in September of that same year, 
 
 / 
 
 RT. REV. S. ti. MESSMER, D.D. 
 
 and five years later was elevated to the Arc hi episcopal See of Milwaukee. 
 
 The Diocese of Green Bay, thus left vacant, was honored, and both 
 priests and its laity greatly pleased by the appointment and speedy con¬ 
 secration of Rt. Rev. Sebastian G. Messmer as its Bishop, whose portrait 
 and biography is on this page. His Diocese comprises that part of 
 Wisconsin that includes the counties of Marquette and Green Lake, also 
 a portion of Winnebago County. 
 
 The exhibit of the Diocese was prepared under the efficient direction 
 of the Diocesan School Board, its active and energetic members, Rev. J. 
 J. Fox, Rev. W. J. Fitzmauriee and Rev. P. A. McDermott, C. S. Sp., 
 issuing a printed course of studies that was itself a fine exhibit of 
 scholarly skill and good judgment in matters educational. Under the 
 guidance of this plan or course, the teachers of the parochial schools of 
 the Diocese were enabled to present their exhibits with a harmony of 
 relations, and a uniformity of design that added greatly to their general 
 impressiveness. 
 
 The schools taking part in this interesting display were as follows: 
 Under the charge of the School Sisters of Notre Dame:—the Cathedral 
 School, St. John’s and St. Vincent’s in the city of Green Bay; St. 
 Joseph’s at Appleton; St. Mary’s at De Pere; St. Nicholas’ at Freedom; 
 District School at Little Chute; St. Patrick’s at Maple Grove; St. Mary’s 
 Institute and the Academy of Lourdes, both at Marinette; St. Patrick’s 
 and St. Mary's at Menasha; St. Peter’s and St. Stephen’s at Steven’s 
 Point; St. Mary’s at Wausau; SS. Peter & Paul at Grand Rapids and 
 St. Joseph’s Orphan Asylum, at Green Bay. 
 
 Under the charge of the Sisters of St. Agnes:—School of Ploly Angels 
 at Buchanan; Precious Blood School at New London; St. Luke’s at Two 
 Rivers and St. John’s at Woodville. 
 
 Under the charge of the Sisters of St. FrancisSt. John’s at Antigo; 
 St. Mary’s at Ahnapee; Holy Cross School and St. Francis’ Convent at 
 Bay Settlement; St. Mary’s School at Brillion; St. Casimir’s at St. 
 Casimir; St. Michael’s at Cato; Immaculate Conception School at Clark’s 
 Mills; St. Mary’s School at Luxemburg; St. Ivilian’s at New Franken 
 and St. Mary’s at South Kaukauna. 
 
 Under the charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph:—St. Peter’s at Oconto; 
 Sacred Heart School at Schwano, and the female department of St. 
 Joseph’s Industrial School for Indians on Keshena Reservation. 
 
 Under the charge of the Dominican Sisters •—St. Mary’s at Appleton; 
 
Holy Cross School at New Kaukauna; St. Mary’s at Portage; St. Mary’s 
 and St. Peter’s at Oshkosh; St. Paul’s School at Wrightstown and Holy 
 Guardian Angel School at Sturgeon Bay. 
 
 Under the charge of the Sisters of the Incarnate Word:—St. Joseph’s 
 School at West Depere, and under that of the Brothers of St. Francis, 
 the male department of the Industrial School for Indians also on Kesh- 
 ena Reservation. 
 
 The schools here named contributed sixty-five volumes of examina¬ 
 tion papers and class exercises, bound in books to be seen in the illustra¬ 
 tion, resting on the wall table. The subjects treated of were branches 
 peculiar to the primary, the grammar school and the high school 
 grades. The papers were remarkable for good penmanship; the map 
 drawing was excellent; the numerous pencil drawings were pretty, 
 
 tute, both located in Marinette, and in charge of the School Sisters of 
 Notre Dame, were the only boarding schools of this Diocese that exhib¬ 
 ited either class-work or needle-work. Among the exhibits of the 
 Cathedral School was some very good Kindergarten work, to be seen near 
 the left margin of the illustration; there were also several specimens of 
 beautiful needle-work, embroidery, lace and crochet, as seen in the glass 
 covered cases. Two small banners suspended from the table at the 
 head of the alcove, brightened the appearance of its dark drapery. This 
 institution thrives under the care of the School Sisters of Notre Dame. 
 
 The volumes of school exercises from St. Mary’s and St. Peter’s 
 Schools, both of Oshkosh, also from St. Paul’s at Wrightstown; St. Mary’s 
 at Portage and St. Mary’s at Appleton, were very tastefully illustrated; 
 the spelling and penmanship were especially good, and the history 
 
 iHKISN BAY DIOCESAN EXHIBITS. ALCOVE NO. 
 
 tasteful and correct; the specimens of pen-and-ink decorative work were 
 well executed. 
 
 The walls of the alcove were made gay and attractive, as may be 
 seen in the illustration, by numerous pencil drawings of familiar objects, 
 natural and domestic, that were very well executed. The greater num¬ 
 ber of these were contributed by pupils of St. Mary’s Institute, Mari¬ 
 nette ; from them also came the beautiful specimens of higher art: 
 pictures in crayon, in pastel and in oil, as well as the pretty placques, 
 the large specimens of free-hand drawing and the handsome oil paintings 
 to be seen on the wall at the- head of the alcove. Thirteen framed 
 pictures from this academy testified to its pupils’ refined taste and to the 
 ability of its teachers. The Academy of Lourdes and St. Mary’s Insti- 
 
 paper.s remarkable for maps neatly and correctly drawn with pen and 
 colored inks. These schools arc taught by the Dominican Sisters. 
 
 Several of the Franciscan Schools, in addition to excellent grade 
 work, displayed admirable Kindergarten work, as shown at the left of the 
 alcove. The pupils of the Sisters of St. Joseph and of the School 
 Sisters of Notre Dame showed thorough knowledge in their treatment of 
 the Natural and Physical Sciences. 
 
 The papers prepared by the pupils of the Sisters of St. Agnes and 
 the Sisters of the Incarnate Word, were remarkable for a clear and concise 
 style of expression, to be attributed, no doubt, to the care given to let¬ 
 ter-writing, of which so many fine specimens were shown in their bound 
 volumes. Among the various displays in the Green Bay collection, none 
 
excelled in interest that from the Indian Industrial School; this is an 
 establishment for the training and education of the Menominee Indians 
 on the Keshena Reservation. The display included bound volumes of 
 excellent class work, also specimens of really remarkable linear drawing 
 and crayon pictures of George Washington and Grover Cleveland. The 
 crayon drawings gave evidence of much skill and good taste on the part 
 of the dusky little artists. Some of their artistic productions are on the 
 right-hand wall of the alcove. Shoes made by the boys, and the needle¬ 
 work by the girls showed the practical side of the training and proved 
 the benefit these children of the forest derive from it. A unique 
 specimen was a miniature engine boiler, invented and constructed by an 
 Indian boy, Gabriel Tucker, independently of any help from his elders 
 or superiors in civilization. Rev. P. A. McDermott, C. S. Sp., of Green 
 Bay, a professor of marked talent and prolonged success, contributed 
 some unique specimens of Normal Work that attracted much favorable 
 comment. These were: “Chart of Complete and Concise Synopsis of 
 English Analysis,” with a diagram in illustration of the Chart; an 
 analysis of the first sentence of “Paradise Lost” and an “Analytical Map” 
 for a complete study of the United States, giving name and geographical 
 relation of States and their principal natural and political features.- 
 
 These plans or schemes were very interesting to teachers, and'sug¬ 
 gested to them some very valuable ideas. 
 
 For its order, harmony of arrangement, variety and excellence, the 
 exhibit of the schools of the Diocese of Green Bay ranked among the 
 best. Not inferior to it was the display from the Diocese of La Crosse, 
 prepared under the patronage of Bishop Schwebach, whose biography 
 will be now considered. 
 
 I- 
 
 RT. REV. JAMES SCHWEBACJI, D.D. 
 
 The Right Reverend gentleman, the subject of this sketch was born on the 
 beautiful Feast of the Assumption of the B. V. M., 1847, at Platen, Parish of Bett- 
 born, Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, whore he obtained his elementary education; 
 subsequently entering the college atDiekirch, he made such excellent progress as 
 to enable him, when he came to this country in the spring of 1864, to enter 
 at once upon his five years’ course of philosophy and theology, in St. Francis’ 
 Seminary, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 In February of 1869, Mr. Schwcbach made his home in La Crosse, and was 
 ordained deacon on July 24th. Too young to be ordained a priest, he officiated 
 as deacon in St. Mary’s Church of La Crosse, preaching in English, German 
 and French, and instructing the school children in Christian Doctrine, until 
 June 16th, 1870, when ho was ordained a priest for the Diocese of La CroBse by 
 the Rt. Rev. T. L. Grace, of St. Paul, Minn. Soon after his ordination, he was 
 
 appointed by his Bishop, Rt. Rev. Michael Heiss, to the rectorship of St. Mary’s 
 Church, a responsible pastorate, and one of much honor for so young a clergy¬ 
 man. It is evident that he fulfilled its onerous duties with zeal and earnest¬ 
 ness, and to the perfect satisfaction of his people and his Bishop, for he had 
 been laboring there nearly a quarter of a century when he was raised to the 
 Episcopate. During that time he had, besides attending to the spiritual needs 
 of that large congregation, built a new church, constructed a pastoral residence 
 and erected a parochial school building; St. James’ Church, in North La Crosse, 
 was also built by him. 
 
 The Rt. Rev. K. C. Flasch, who succeeded Bishop Heiss, in La Crosse, on 
 the latter’s elevation to the Archiepiscopal See of Milwaukee, chose the zealous 
 and devoted Father Schwebach for his Vicar General in 1882; subsequently, feel¬ 
 ing the approach of his own death, he appointed the trusted Vicar adminis¬ 
 trator of the Diocese, a charge he was to continue to fulfill as its Bishop. To 
 this dignity he was raised on February 25th, 1892, receiving consecration at the 
 hands of the Most Rev. F. X. Katzer, in St. Joseph’s Cathedral, La Crosse, 
 Wis. The official notice, which had been issued in Romo on Nov. 30th, 1891, 
 was received by the Bishop-elect on Dec. 14th, 1891. From that day he has 
 fulfilled the important duties as Bishop with the same zeal and untiring earn¬ 
 estness that characterized him as a priest. 
 
 Perhaps we have no better evidence of his zeal and energy than the fine 
 exhibit which ho caused to be prepared by the schools of his Diocese, and 
 which we will now review. 
 
 T HE DIOCESE OF LA CROSSE was erected By His Holiness 
 Pope Pius IX., in 1S6S, Rt. Rev. John Michael Heiss Being 
 consecrated its first Bishop. He established the Franciscan Sisters of 
 Perpetual Adoration at La Crosse and St. John’s College, Prairie du 
 Chien. Bishop Heiss having been promoted to the Archiepiscopal 
 dignity in 1881, as co-adjutor to His Grace of Milwaukee, Rt. Rev. 
 Kilian Flasch succeeded him, and he in turn was succeeded by the 
 present Bishop, Rt. Rev. J. Schwebach. 
 
 In 1871, the Diocese numbered forty priests and fifty churches. In 
 1S95 it numbers one hundred and eight priests, two hundred churches 
 and chapels, and seventy-six institutions of learning and charity. 
 
 The educational exhibit of the Diocese of La Crosse included dis¬ 
 plays prepared by the pupils of one academy, St. Mary’s Institute, 
 Prairie du Chien, also of two orphanages, St. Ann’s and St. Michael’s, 
 both of La Crosse, and twenty-two parochial schools; seven of the latter 
 are located in La Crosse, and are under the care of the Franciscan Sisters 
 of Perpetual Adoration; they include St. Joseph’s Cathedral School 
 and the schools attached to the following churches, namely: Holy 
 Cross, Holy Trinity, St. James’, St. John’s, St. Mary’s and St. Wences- 
 laus’; the other schools of this Diocese that exhibited work were, St. 
 Agnes’at Ashland; Christ’s at Bayfield; St. .Mary’s at Fountain City; 
 St. Mary’s at Neilsville; St. Mary’s at St. Mary’s Ridge and St. 
 Aloysius’ at Sauk City, all of which were in charge of the Franciscan 
 Sisters of Perpetual Adoration. 
 
 In addition to these were the exhibits from the schools of the Notre 
 Dame Sisters, viz :—St. Charles Borromeo’s and the School of Notre 
 Dame, Chippewa Falls; St. Mary’s, Marshfield, and St. Gabriel’s, Prairie 
 du Chien ; there was also an exhibit from the Seat of Wisdom School, 
 New Richmond, under the charge of the Sisters of St, Joseph. Each 
 school contributed from three to four bound volumes of class exer¬ 
 cises and examination papers . on the following subjects, which were 
 common to all the schools, viz .:—Christian Doctrine, Arithmetic, Alge¬ 
 bra, Language, Grammar, Rhetoric, Composition, United States History, 
 Ancient and Modern History, Bible History, Geography, Physiology, 
 Civil Government, Commercial Law and Book-keeping. In addition to 
 these branches, St. Agnes’ School, Ashland, had papers on Geometry, 
 Botany, Zoology and General History. Notre Dame School, Chippewa 
 Falls, exhibited a number of handsome wall pieces, including historical 
 and geological charts, mechanical drawings and landscapes, several of 
 which will be seen in the illustration. The class work of this school 
 was quite extensive, and made an admirable showing of the subjects in¬ 
 cluded in a high school and an academic course, besides very interest¬ 
 ing primary work, making in all ten volumes of exercises and examina¬ 
 tion papers. 
 
 In addition to these, were volumes of Map Drawing, of Free-hand 
 Drawing and of Music, also of excellent Kindergarten work. 
 
 St. Mary’s Institute, Prairie du Chien, under the supervision of the 
 School Sisters of Notre Dame, presented its work in booth No. 43, which 
 will be remembered for the choice decoration of its wall space. An in¬ 
 teresting feature of this decoration was a frame 58x37 inches, presenting 
 
 22 
 
eleven views of St. Mary’s Institute and its surroundings, notable among 
 these views were two fine oil paintings representing “Father Marquette 
 passing the site of St. Mary’s Institute, June 17th, 1673,” and “Abraham 
 Lincoln and Jefferson Davis directing a raft to Fort Crawford,” the 
 present site of the Institute. This group of pictures may be seen in the 
 illustration at the head of the alcove, under the motto “Virtue and 
 Science.” 
 
 The bound work consisted, principally of the following volumes of 
 class exercises:—six individual albums, by six members of the class of 
 ’92, containing examinations through the entire English course, com¬ 
 prising twenty-four branches. This arrangement made the volumes very 
 interesting, as showing the yearly progress of those pupils, through the 
 whole period of their school experience. Three herbariums, which may 
 
 also from pictures of animals; “A Year’s Sketch Book” made a grace¬ 
 ful appearance, and the examination papers on drawing and painting 
 showed a thorough knowledge of the theories of art. 
 
 In addition to the usual class work, each department contributed 
 some special papers of peculiar excellence; for instance, the Christian, 
 Doctrine Department presented one study of forty pages, “America’s 
 only Queen” and another, more brief, “The Origin of True Science;” 
 the Historical Department presented eight studies on national history 
 as, History of Columbia, Germania, Hibernia, Britannia, Fair France and 
 Imperial Italy, also the French Revolution and ending with a pleasant 
 little sketch of the Last Sioux Chief. Descriptions of Wisconsin birds 
 and Wisconsin flowers gave a charming bit of local coloring, as did also 
 the volume “On the Prairie.” The Scientific Department presented four 
 
 LA CHOSSE DIOCESAN EXHIBITS. 
 
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 be noticed on the shelf at the head of the alcove, were filled with care¬ 
 fully preserved specimens, collected and mounted by three members of 
 the class of ’93, made evident the care with which the most beautiful 
 of the natural sciences is taught at St. Mary’s. Three albums of examina¬ 
 tion papers by the class of ’94 were of equal merit with those of the pre¬ 
 vious years. The fourteen large volumes of intermediate, preparatory 
 and primary work showed that exactness and thoroughness which war¬ 
 rants success in the higher classes, when these well-trained pupils shall 
 have reached them. Two volumes of shorthand displayed a skill that 
 is doubtless bread-earning ere this. The Music Department contributed 
 twelve volumes of various exercises, also individual albums of original 
 work arranged as duets and trios. The Art Department displayed eleven 
 volumes of drawings from models, casts, familiar objects and flowers, 
 
 well-written studies, a general treatment of scientific subjects; and the 
 Literary Department a number of well-written and gracefully expressed 
 essays, addresses and poems attractively arranged in the form of book¬ 
 lets, made of Japanese paper, with covers of bristol-board, birch-bark, 
 chamois, celluloid and bolting cloth, decorated with appropriate hand- 
 painted designs. A number of these will be seen on the walls of the 
 alcove. 
 
 The work in St. Mary’s exhibit covered a very extensive field of 
 thought, carefully traversed, without the loss of a single advantage to the 
 pupil. The methods of treatment manifested by the various papers were 
 clear, systematic and interesting, many of them being truly original. 
 
 The papers in the bound volumes of the entire exhibit showed excel¬ 
 lent application on the part of pupils, and approved methods on the 
 
part of teachers. The alcove containing the La Crosse exhibits presented 
 quite a festive appearance; this was due to the numerous pencil draw¬ 
 ings that adorned the walls, and to the beautifully decorated celluloid 
 and linen covers of the two or three hundred pamphlets scattered over 
 its shelves and hanging on its walls at right and left. 
 
 Ten volumes of drawings, pencil and charcoal, from objects, casts and 
 life, were presented by the Parochial Schools of the Franciscans of Per¬ 
 petual Adoration. Two volumes of similar artistic work were from the 
 Notre Dame Parochial Schools. 
 
 An amusing bit of originality was a drawing of (so stated the title) 
 “Our American Flower;” on examination, this proved to be —a one dollar 
 bHr. “The Almighty Dollar” figuring as the American Flower is an ex¬ 
 ceedingly fine sarcasm. 
 
 The school at Festina, Iowa, which received special and compliment¬ 
 ary notice in the press, is a branch of the Convent of St. Rose Viterbo, 
 La Crosse, the Mother House of the Franciscans of Perpetual Adoration, 
 hence its glories are those of the Diocese of La Crosse os well as of the 
 city in which it is located. 
 
 A marked interest was shown in the exhibits of the western Dioceses, 
 and certainly those thus far considered evi¬ 
 denced a gratifying progress in western Catholic 
 schools of all grades. 
 
 Passing southward from Headquarters, the 
 observant visitor next paused before the group 
 of pictures and framed emblems presented 
 in our illustration. These were loaned by 
 the authorities of the Christian Brothers’ College 
 at Memphis, Tenn., and comprised an oil paint¬ 
 ing of the Blessed De La Salle, a sketch of whose 
 life is subjoined, also facsimiles of the Coat of 
 Arms of the De La Salle family and of the Seal 
 of the Order of the Christian Brothel's. 
 
 The painting gives an excellent impression 
 of the strong personality of the Blessed Foun¬ 
 der. The Coat of Arms of his ancestors shows 
 that members of the family were illustrious in 
 both Church and Shite, having filled high places 
 in the hierarchy of the one and in the army and 
 council chambers of the other, having fulfilled 
 onerous duties in the Church and having hied 
 and died on the battle-field for the State. 
 
 Such is the meaning of the various emblems 
 to be seen in the picture at left of the portrait of 
 the Blessed De La Salle. At the right of it, is 
 a representation of the Seal of the Christian 
 Brothers, a blazing star on an azure field, with 
 the legend, “Signum Fidei,” appropriate indeed 
 to the Order that has caused faith and learning 
 to illumine so many minds and souls. 
 
 Having looked long and earnestly at the 
 central picture, we are ready to enjoy a brief 
 account of the unique personality of him whom it portrays. 
 
 Blessed Jean Baptiste Do La Salle was born in the city of Rheims, April 30th, 
 1651. La Belle France has given many a distinguished son to the Church, but 
 none destined to do more for intellectual life than the subject of this sketch. 
 From his earliest years he gave evidence of a high calling, and as the number of 
 his years increased, so did the marks of his peculiar vocation, until his life work 
 was accomplished in the establishment of the religious order of the Brothers of 
 the Christian Schools. 
 
 The wide significance of that event may be realized in some degree, by those 
 who made themselves familiar during the Columbian Exposition, with the edu¬ 
 cational efforts of the Christian Brothers, and their wide-spread, successful 
 results. 
 
 When the Blessed De La Salle had attained his eighth year, he was placed 
 for his education in the University of Rheims; and at the early age of eleven, he 
 chose for his vocation the service of the altar. This choice he was never to 
 regret; though it had been made in the early spring-time of his life, its gracious 
 self-devotedness stamped upon each succeeding epoch of his earthly existence 
 the sacred characters of an ever-increasing growth in holiness of purpose, of 
 influence and of accomx>lished work. 
 
 In 1666. a canonry was conferred upon him at the metropolitan church of 
 Rheims. Having completed his course of philosojjhy in that city, he entered, in 
 1670, the Seminary of St. Sulpice in Paris, thus placing himself under the direc¬ 
 tion of the celebrated M. Louis Tronson, rector of the seminary. 
 
 At St. Sulpice, the Blessed De La Salle was, throughout his entire sojourn 
 there, the model of the students, and the admiration of the professors. By his 
 
 application to study and his unceasing practice of virtue, he was an hourly source 
 of edification, while the unwearied use of his vigorous intellect, and his ability 
 to cope with the profoundest difficulties of mental discipline, won him the 
 highest distinction among scholars famous for their intellectual gifts and acquire¬ 
 ments. Too brief, indeed, were the two years at St. Sulpice, to satisfy his thirst 
 for knowledge, and his desire for advancement in virtue, but a sacred duty called 
 him away to his father’s house, made desolate by the death of both parents, 
 leaving helpless younger brothers and sisters to his devoted and willing care. 
 It had been a sacrifice to depart from that home, even for the glorious privilege 
 of joining the priesthood, but it was a mu'ch greater sacrifice to return to it now, 
 and to abandon for a time, perhaps forever, his holy choice of the highest voca¬ 
 tion accorded to man. Six years later, however, that is in 1678, he was ordained 
 priest, in the cathedral at Rheims, after which he most ardently desired to ex¬ 
 change his canonry for a parish, as being a wider field for action, but his Arch¬ 
 bishop would not consent to part with him; Divine Providence, however, was 
 preparing the way for him to reach his grand life-work. 
 
 The grave difference between worldly education and Christian education has 
 always been clearly apparent to the Church, and the serious responsibility 
 arising therefrom she has not failed to recognize and to assume, with pro¬ 
 foundest wisdom and tenderest charity. In the venerable subject of this sketch, 
 she found one ready and perfectly well fitted to institute the desired reform 
 in educational methods, and to establish a new and better system than the 
 mistaken one so long in vogue. Nor was the opportunity long in presenting 
 
 EXHIBITED RY CHRISTIAN BROTHERS COLLEGE, MEMPHIS, TENN. 
 
 itself for the test of his educational theories. A society of pious women had 
 been established in France by Father Nicolas du Barre, under the title of 
 Society of the Infant Jesus, for the education of young girls. A branch of 
 this association was instituted in Rheims by P6re Roland, the spiritual direc¬ 
 tor of Abb6 De La Salle, who thus made the acquaintance of the new 
 society, of which, on the death of Pfere Roland, he was made protector and 
 guide. Deprived of its founder, while thus in its extreme infancy, the community 
 of Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus was in danger of being suppressed, but the 
 energetic measures of the Abb£ De La Salle saved it from ruin. This was the 
 first step upward, as it were, to the heights of an entirely new work for God 
 and souls. The next was taken by his interest in a teaching brotherhood that 
 had been founded by M. Nyel in Rouen, and which had recently established a 
 school in Rheims. The Abb<5 De La Salle, who had shortly before been hon¬ 
 ored by the conferring upon him of the Doctor's cap by the faculty of Rheims, 
 had become a man of note and influence, hence it was well for the new un¬ 
 dertaking that he entered into its founder's plans with such saintly avidity, 
 inducing M. Nyel. in his frequent absences, to leave himself in charge of the 
 school which must otherwise have suffered grave injury. Finally, the broth¬ 
 erhood took up its abode in the Abba's house, where he, being exceedingly 
 busy at all times, had them sit at his own table, that he might use the meal 
 time for instructing them in their duties, as teachers and as religious, for he 
 had established among them the regular community life. Resigning his can¬ 
 onry, and giving away his entire fortune, he devoted himself without reserve 
 to the life-work that it was now manifest was his in the design of Divine 
 Providence. 
 
 BLESSED J.BMaSalle. ' 
 
 | ^oun^ct of 
 
 | AKeoC’.didlu'lcf Iftc Juiuiftaiuou/ melfiei of Scacfiinq 
 
 ‘Sonnet of tfw fkM Tlotinaf SotvocL la 1684 a in' of 
 Ncfu'oCyBcatiSmq Aclvoclo. jltfounaleria*. 
 StcfvuCdC tjdidO&Ac. (TulKtX of iKc {lot 
 Tt&maf ‘llicmuaf anft Kim of foci Sooth). 
 A.D.1680 9. 
 
it was in 1681 that ho took the Brothers into his own house, and now. in 
 1684, having renounced all ties and disposed ot his property, he himself be¬ 
 came one of the brethren, a member of the new society, and permitted twelve 
 of his companions to make their triennial vows of obedience and stability. 
 The members of the fraternity decided that their habit should be made of 
 coarse, black cloth, closed in front, and finished at the neck with a white rabat 
 or collar, and that on certain occasions a black mantle should be worn over the 
 habit. The Blessed De La Salle was the first to clothe himself in the new habit, 
 giving at the same time to the association its permanent name of Brothers of 
 the Christian Schools. Twice did he resign the office of Superior, and each time 
 was obliged to reluctantly resume his office, once by the higher ecclesiastical 
 authorities and once by the entreaties of the brethren themselves. The latter 
 decided, however, that after the venerable founder, no one in holy orders should 
 be their Superior. 
 
 The holy man who had given up all that the world prizes most highly, 
 devoted himself to the simple duties of his calling; the grave doctor of divinity 
 and profound theologian taught little children, like the humblest of the Broth¬ 
 ers. The preparatory novitiate, in which young boys are trained for the society, 
 .owes its origin to the Blessed De La Salle himself. 
 
 In 1694 the Society had begun to spread in a manner that showed it to be 
 blessed and prospered by God, hence the Blessed Pounder permitted twelve of 
 the Brothers to take perpetual vows, and soon after he prepared for their guid¬ 
 ance and government a religious rule and constitution. 
 
 After a long life of great activity and no little suffering, the Blessed De La 
 Salle departed this life, in profound peace, on April 7th. 1719. At his death the 
 institute comprised twenty-seven houses, two hundred and seventy-four broth¬ 
 ers, and nine thousand eight hundred and eighty-five scholars. How grand, how 
 magnificent a success was such a life-work! To have realized all that increase 
 in membership, in schools and in scholars, during the space of one brief life¬ 
 time. surely, in more senses than one, was the venerable De La Salle blessed! 
 
 HON. BROTHER JOSEPH, F.S.C., PARIS, FRANCE. 
 
 SUPERIOR GENERAL OF THE BROTHERS OF THE CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS. 
 
 Greatness of soul belongs to no particular age. hence we are not sur¬ 
 prised to find in the Order of the Christian Brothers of our day so 
 worthv-» successor of the Blessed De La Salle as the subject of the fol¬ 
 lowing sketch; 
 
 The extensive and admirable exhibits from the schools of the Chris¬ 
 tian Brothers of not only all parts of the United States and Canada, 
 but of France, Spain, Belgium, England and the Isle of Mauritius, ren¬ 
 der interesting any facts that bear upon the life and works of the grand 
 body of men that produced such superior educational results. Most 
 particularly does this interest wax strong, regarding the personality of 
 
 him who governs and directs these educators, as their father, guide and 
 friend, but this laudable curiosity finds a serious check in the simplicity 
 and humility of a grand soul, given to thinking so intently of God and 
 the things of God as to lose sight of itself, and as to desire of the 
 world naught but its forgetfulness, hence the facts available regarding 
 the subject of our sketch are far too meagre to afford it justice. 
 
 The Most Honored Brother Joseph, Superior-General of the Brothers 
 of the Christian Schools, is possessed of an individuality that would im¬ 
 press itself upon any age favored by its existence, an individuality that 
 is particularly adapted to the spirit of an age like the present, favoring, 
 as it does, intellectual advancement and educational improvement. 
 
 The simple facts of his biography, so grand in its lowly directness of 
 purpose, are as follows: they teach their own lessons of self-devotedness. 
 
 The Honored Brother was born March 30, 1S23, at St. Etienne, De¬ 
 partment of the Loire, France, llis parents spared no effort that his 
 early training might be solid and religious, hence, at the age of fourteen, 
 he already developed an unusually bright and receptive intelligence, 
 manifesting at the same time a decided leaning towards spiritual works 
 of mercy and charity. 
 
 In 1.336 lie entered the Novitiate of the Christian Brothers at Paris, 
 there to continue his studies and to prepare for his important career as 
 teacher. His rapid progress soon entitled him to fulfill the honorable 
 duties of a Christian educator, and his fidelity in that capacity caused 
 him to lie named Director of the Communal School, Rue C'loitre, Saint 
 Merri. In 1N44 he founded the demi-pensionnat of Rue St. Antoine, now 
 known as the Commercial School of St. Paul. 
 
 In Rue Francs Bourgeois, Brother Joseph founded a “Young Men’s 
 Society,” by the meansof which the happiest results have been attained 
 for the religious, moral, social and material welfare of its steadily in¬ 
 creasing membership. 
 
 The Superior-General, Brother Philippe, delegated him to act, from 
 1 SOX to 1.S74, as Inspector of Schools in several departments. In 1874 
 he was elected Assistant to the Superior-General. On his return to 
 Paris his lay colleagues elected him a member of the Superior Council 
 of Public Instruction in France, of which he continued for ten years a 
 most active and energetic member. 
 
 Having been blessed with rare success'in every work confided to him, 
 lie had been charged with the most responsible offices and duties of the 
 Order, and 1884 found him generously assuming the burdensome honors 
 o I' Su | terior- Gen era 1. 
 
 From the land and from the city of Brother Joseph’s distinguished 
 labors, came several extensive educational exhibits that show that France 
 still leads in learning and culture. None made the fact more clear than 
 the display from ST. N1CHOLAS’ PROFESSIONAL TRADES SCHOOL. 
 
 To the Christian Brothers is due the pleasure intelligent Catholics 
 enjoyed at the Columbian Exposition in beholding the educational 
 results of religious training in Europe. From sunny France and 
 chivalrous Spain, from the distant Isle of Mauritius and from merry 
 England, these incomparable teachers brought their educational exhibits 
 showing what faith and earnestness are doing for modern progress in 
 the far away fatherlands. 
 
 Among these foreign displays, that of St. Nicholas’ Trades School 
 was most extensive, brilliant and valuable. Every day of a three 
 months’ sojourn amid the Catholic exhibits found the writer spending a 
 few moments in addition to days of more exact examination, in alcoves 
 112 and 114, in devout admiration of its unique and exceedingly choice 
 contributions to several sciences and many arts, to say nothing of 
 practical trades. 
 
 On the low, convenient desks, running along one wall, were spread 
 in attractive array, more than three hundred albums and exercise books, 
 so interesting to the American eye, not only for the foreign methods of 
 treating the various subjects, such as catechism, rhetoric and composi¬ 
 tion, all the branches of mathematics and all the natural and physical 
 sciences, but for the small, fine writing characters, the same as our own 
 and yet so unlike ! 
 
 The nine albums of drawing (linear and ornamental) contained a 
 delightful feast for the art-loving eye, while the twenty-four collections 
 of maps, drawn by the pupils, pleased not less -the artistic sense of the 
 examiner than his sense of scientific accuracy. 
 
 The seven specimens of modeling in clay showed that what has been 
 a mere “fad” with us, was a practical, wage-earning work with our 
 foreign cousins. The twenty-four specimens of book printing and bind- 
 
mg gratified the hook-lover by their evidence of the workman’s rever¬ 
 ence for what he handled. The fourteen specimens of map-engraving, 
 quite a different labor from map-drawing, were works of art as well as of 
 science. 
 
 With a feeling almost of awe, one looked upon the seventeen German- 
 silver and Brass Musical Instruments, trying to credit the fact that they, 
 in all their queer crookedness of form and magic power over columns 
 of vibrating air, had been manufactured by students; but even this grew 
 to be a trifle, when the forty different optical instruments, including 
 microscopes, with Vernier attachments at that, were known to have 
 been constructed at St. Nicholas’ Trades School! The trunks and 
 valises were not so surprising, though exceedingly well made, but the 
 iron work was; for the skill that formed those thirty-six pieces of 
 
 the fire”; a pair of candle-sticks, heavy and rich, suitable for “my 
 Lord’s mantlepiece”; a reliquary, a miniature cathedral or temple, 
 lovely beyond description; candelabra, fit offering to the altar of a 
 king’s chapel, for a duke’s atonement; the chandelier, such as we see 
 in pictures of royal apartments, drawing-rooms and audience chambers; 
 the sanctuary lamp, the crowning glory of this exhibit, — these rich and 
 most elaborately designed objects were all constructed of polished brass; 
 wonderfully shaped into a bewildering variety of ornamentation, the 
 metal responded generously, as it were, to the artistic touch of genius 
 and skill, permitting results in elegance of form and loveliness of decora¬ 
 tion that were almost inconceivable. The lamp, to which reference has 
 been made, can be seen in our illustration; six or eight feet high, and 
 proportionately large in circumference, its possibilities of rich and varied 
 
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 far 
 
 fits 
 
 | 
 
 1 
 
 III 
 
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 pH 
 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM ST. NICHOLAS’ PROFESSIONAL TRADES SCHOOL, PARIS, FRANCE. ALCOVES NOS. 112 AND 114. 
 
 machinery, from steel, brass and iron, is not common among youths. 
 
 The special features of this exhibit were the wood-carving and the 
 use of polished brass; skill in the former was well displayed in thirty- 
 seven detached specimens, but more elaborately and artistically on lorn- 
 pieces of furniture: a book-case, two cabinets and a table of black 
 walnut, surpassed anything of the kind that was to be seen elsewhere at 
 the time. The patterns carved were so rich in detail, so elaborate in 
 design, that eyesight, manual skill and correct taste, as well as talent, 
 were tested to their utmost, and stood .the test admirably, giving to the 
 Columbian Exposition a truly worthy contribution of its kind. The 
 same could be said, with equal justice, of the work in brass. A dainty 
 grate-fender, fit “for my Lady’s chamber”, meant to attract dainty feet 
 to the genial warmth that awakens day dreams, and “creates castles in 
 
 ornamentation were such as to rouse real enthusiasm in the mind and 
 the heart of the students who had the happiness to work on this jeweled 
 masterpiece. 
 
 Let the reader note all the features of the illustrations, in order to 
 gain an idea of some of these unique exhibits from across the sea. 
 
 At the left, near the margin, we see specimens of wood carving; below 
 them, a group ot architectural drawings ; at the right of them, specimens 
 of ornamental designs for wall paper, carpets, wood carving and other 
 purposes, where the artistic and mechanical blend. Below these designs 
 are photographs of the institution and of its pupils. To the right of 
 them, and resting on the wall-table, are specimens of clay modeling. 
 Then we see the trunks and valises, while in the background is the 
 handsomely carved cabinet, with its valuable contents, the musical in- 
 
strumcnts already referred to, and to the right of this a small cabinet 
 daintily carved and bearing on its top one of the handsome candelabra 
 for which this educational manufactory is famed. 
 
 Hanging above these objects is the rich and elaborately ornamented 
 sanctuary lamp, set with gems. In the foreground is a table—a beauti¬ 
 ful piece of work itself, bearing an elegant grate-fender graced with ex¬ 
 quisite ornamentation, and with the piquant figures of two saucy 
 cupids, to guard the fire on the home hearth. 
 
 Resting on the floor at the foot of this table, we see albums of linear 
 
 and ornamental drawing, also the charming reliquary made of polished 
 brass, beautifully designed and exquisitely ornamented. 
 
 A few moments spent in looking at the illustration of the walnut 
 sideboard, will impress the reader with a sense of the skill that has 
 been acquired by the sifted students of St. Nicholas’ Trades School, 
 under the guidance of their still more gifted teachers. 
 
 This institution was established in 1827 by distinguished French 
 laymen, M. de Bewanger and M. le Comte Victor de Noailles. In 18,59 
 it passed into the hands of the Christian Brothers. It is now situated 
 on Rue Vangirard, Paris, France, and continues to be of a private char¬ 
 
 acter, presided over by the Master Architect of Paris, who through com¬ 
 petent foremen supervises all the work, of whatsoever kind, done by the 
 pupils. Over one thousand boys are now serving their apprenticeship 
 there; from the moment of entrance, each understands that time and 
 materials are valuable, and that he must do his best, for all work that is 
 not perfect is relentlessly rejected. Well-known firms in Paris patronize 
 the school continually, paying for the services of its foremen, and 
 purchasing the goods manufactured. 
 
 So thorough is the moral discipline, as well as the mechanical train¬ 
 ing, the students become not only proficient mechanics, but pious 
 church members, moral members of society and worthy citizens. 
 
 St. Nicholas’ is not a mere industrial school, such as we find 
 connected with orphanages in America, but an institution in 
 which the pupils are regularly apprenticed. Each boy’s ex¬ 
 penses are met by a patron who supplies all his needs, including 
 tools, and enables him to pass through the various stages of ad¬ 
 vancement, from trade to trade, so that he is not a specialist at 
 the end of his apprenticeship, but a proficient in several trades, 
 ready to accept and fill creditably any position that his “patron” 
 may secure for him at the termination of his apprenticeship. 
 For the benefit of the reader we will state that the balance of the 
 exhibits of the Christian Brothers in the United States, Canada 
 and Europe, will be treated upon in the latter part of the volume. 
 
 In New York City, on the 17th of October, 1847, was conse¬ 
 crated Rev. John Timon, a priest of the Congregation of the 
 Mission, to fill the See of Buffalo, newly erected. The portion 
 of the state committed to his care included the historic ground 
 around Niagara, made memorable by the explorations of the 
 celebrated La Salle and the missionary labors of the romantic 
 Father Hennepin, also those of the still more distinguished 
 clergymen Father de La Ribourde and Father Zenobe Membre, 
 martyrs to their zeal for souls. 
 
 Bishop Timon began his work in the new Diocese as a veri¬ 
 table missionary. He visited places, not merely to administer 
 confirmation, but to give to the people three days’ missions, 
 preaching three times daily, making meditation with the congre¬ 
 gations twice daily, and spending the rest of the day in the con¬ 
 fessional. 
 
 One of the Bishop’s earliest plans was for the foundation of 
 a college, and this was fulfilled in the erection of St. Joseph’s 
 College in Buffalo and the College of the Sacred Heart in 
 Rochester, at that time within the Diocese of Buffalo. 
 
 The Rt. Rev. Father’s exertions were not confined to colleges- 
 academies, schools, orphanages and asylums succeeded each 
 other in rapid growth and made gratifying progress under his 
 able direction, so that the Diocese of Buffalo, so poorly provided 
 with spiritual, charitable and educational resources, when Bishop 
 Timon was promoted to the See, soon became one of the most 
 richly endowed, enjoying the services of Jesuit, Redemptorist 
 Oblate, Franciscan and Lazarist missionaries; also of Sisters of 
 St. Joseph, of St. Bridget, of St. Francis, of Notre Dame and of 
 Charity to labor in the schools. 
 
 In 1867 Bishop Tijhon went to his eternal reward univer¬ 
 sally esteemed for Iris learning, zeal and devotion. As his suc¬ 
 cessor the Holy See chose the Lazarist Father, Rev. Stephen Vin¬ 
 cent Ryan, who was consecrated on the 8th of November, 1868. 
 
 The Diocese now comprises one hundred and sixty-one 
 churches, served by two hundred and eleven priests. Under the 
 zealous care of Bishop Ryan, there also flourish three seminaries, 
 five colleges, twenty academies, seventy-two parochial schools 
 and seventeen charitable institutions, having the educational and 
 charitable services of the Jesuit, the Passionist, the Franciscan 
 the Redemptorist, the Lazarist, the Oblate Fathers and the Christian 
 Brothers; also the Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Mary, the Gray Nuns, 
 the Sisters of St. Francis, the School Sisters of Notre Dame, the Sisters 
 of St. Joseph, the Sisters of Mercy, Sisters of the Third Order of St. Fran¬ 
 cis, Sisters of Our Lady of Refuge, and the Felician Sisters of St. Francis. 
 
 It is within recent years that Bishop Ryan celebrated his Silver 
 Jubilee, at which time so many sketches of his life appeared as to make 
 its incidents familiar to every one, but as our book is for all time, we 
 repeat the pleasing facts of Bishop Ryan’s biography, without apology, 
 in the following brief narration: 
 
 WALNUT CABINET, CARVED BY STUDENTS OK ST. NICHOLAS’ PROFESSIONAL TRADES SCHOOL, 
 PARIS, FRANCE. ALCOVES NOS. 112 AND 114. 
 
 27 
 
Earthly existence began for Mgr. Ryan on the first clay of the year 1825, 
 near Almonte, Ont., Canada, but it was not to continue under English rule, 
 for, while he was yet a child, his parents departed from the cold north and took 
 up their abode in the States. They established their home in Pottsfield, Pa.; 
 here the boy Vincent grew in years and grace; here, having reached the age 
 when youthful curiosity looks for life's true meaning, youthful enthusiasm 
 urges every faculty to the attainment of something great and high, and youth¬ 
 ful ambition demands a special mission among mankind, he heard in his heart 
 the voice of a divine vocation uttering its strong, irresistible cry. 
 
 Having expressed to his parents the desire to be a priest, he was sent for 
 his classical course, to St. Charles' Seminary, Philadelphia. He entered that 
 institution in 1840; it was in that year that the present venerable head of the 
 Diocese of St. Louis was consecrated, in the Cathedral at Philadelphia, and, 
 among the acolytes who served in the sanctuary on this occasion, was a youth 
 destined to be one day the central figure in similar ceremonies. This was 
 Stephen Vincent Ryan, to become, some years later, the beloved Bishop of Buf¬ 
 falo. 
 
 Before, that crowning event of his life, however, there were others that 
 stamped their impress on heart and soul. While in Philadelphia, ho chanced 
 to meet certain of the Fathers of the Mission of St. Vincent de Paul, and was 
 deeply impressed by their mode of life. Feeling himself irresistibly attracted 
 to join these holy men in their good works, he applied for admission to their 
 community, and in 1844 he was sent to their college at Cape Girardeau. Mo., 
 to make his theological studies. In five years, he had finished his divinity 
 course and was ready for ordination. The august ceremony was conducted in 
 the cathedral at St. Louis, and the Most Rev. Prelate, at whose consecration 
 the youth had assisted eight years before, performed the sacred rite. 
 
 The young priest began at once the holy duties of the ministry, and during 
 the years preceding his consecration as Bishop of Buffalo, he filled various 
 offices of importance and high trust in the Order of the Mission, to which he 
 rendered valuable and untiring service. To him was due the successful estab¬ 
 lishment of the Vincentian Seminary in Germantown, Pa., now the headquarters 
 of the Vincentian army of devoted missionaries and the Mother House of the 
 Eastern Province, the residence also of the Superior General of the Order in 
 America. In many ways did Father Ryan generously and zealously advance 
 the interests of the Order, and more than once did he cross the ocean to consult 
 the Superior General at Paris, regarding the welfare of the Vincentian Congrega¬ 
 tion in America. 
 
 On the death of Bishop’ Timon of blessed memory. Father Ryan's promi¬ 
 nence in his Order caused every one who knew him to see in him the probable 
 successor of the departed head of the Diocese of Buffalo. 
 
 The event proved the truth of their foresight, for on Nov. 8th, 18G8, he was 
 consecrated for the vac. nt See. 
 
 We can give here but." a mere outline of the many and great works accom¬ 
 plished by Bishop Ryan during th quarter of a century that he has presided 
 over the churches of western New York. 
 
 Aside from the immense increase that has been effected in the number of 
 the Diocesan churches, schools, convents and charitable institutions, and the 
 large additions made to the ranks of the clergy religious and secular, must be 
 mentioned the erection of the fine episcopal residence and the building for the 
 Young Men's Catholic Association; also the establishment, under the care of the 
 Jesuit Fathers, of St. Canisius’ College. 
 
 The presence of the Cardinal and other prelates of note on the occasion of 
 the Silver Jubilee of Bishop Ryan, made manifest the fact that his worth is 
 recognized outside of his own Diocese; that he is held in great esteem by the 
 multitude outside his owii jurisdiction, who have heard his name and caught the 
 echo of his noble fame. 
 
 After the pleasant, acquaintance we have made with the personality 
 of Bishop Ryan, through consideration of the events of his life, we 
 anticipate much gratification from a study of the educational exhibit 
 that was prepared under his patronage. 
 
 It appeared in alcoves 29, 30, 32, 34, and all arrangements con¬ 
 nected with it were made by the Diocesan World’s Fair Committee: 
 Rev. Geo. Weber, Rev. .1. Daly, Rev. P. J. Colonel, Rev. J. Moony 
 and Rev. Brother Aelred. 
 
 One of the leading exhibits in this display was that from the far- 
 famed and beloved University of Niagara,—the college of Our Lady of 
 Angels. This institution is in charge of the Lazarist Fathers, worthy 
 sons of St. Vincent de Paul, animated by his spirit and filled with 
 his zeal. 
 
 On the walls of alcove 34, where the exhibit of this institution was 
 placed, there appeared, as may be seen in the illustration, oil paintings 
 of the College and Seminary of Our Lady of Angels, portraits in oil of 
 Most Rev. Archbishop Lynch and Rt. Rev. Bishop Timon, crayon por¬ 
 traits of Rt. Rev. Bishop Ryan, I). I)., of Very Rev. R. E. V. Rice, C. M.. 
 of happy memory, and of Very Rev. P. V. Kavanaugh, C. M. Besides 
 these pictures and portraits, there were decorating the wall space, four 
 Seminary 0. L. A. and C. Literary Scrolls, four Basilian L. A. Scrolls, 
 four B. L. A. Banners, two R. E. V. R. L. A. Banners, and oneN. U. G. C. 
 Banner, also a R. E. V. R. L. A. Scroll. Friends of the institution will 
 recognize the initials of the beloved Father Rice on one banner and on 
 
 one scroll. The banners here mentioned were symbolic of the princi¬ 
 ples held by the members of the various literary societies of the college, 
 and the scrolls bore the names of their members, a proud array, some 
 day to reflect literary honor upon Alma Mater. 
 
 Specimens of the literary work done by these youthful writers, were 
 to be found in the ten volumes of the “Niagara index” that graced the 
 table below the portraits and pictures mentioned above. 
 
 This college paper formed in itself an interesting study, and the 
 “Souvenir Volume” prepared especially for the World’s Fair, showed 
 the excellence of the printing department of the institution, and the 
 typographical skill of the pupils. 
 
 Photographs of the various societies, in groups, gave the visitor an 
 opportunity to judge of the intelligence of the pupils, as the pictures of 
 various college localities, permitted them to judge somewhat correctly of 
 
 RT. REV. STEPHEN V. RYAN, 1).]). 
 
 the advantages afforded the pupils, since environment has so much in¬ 
 fluence over the action of the mind. 
 
 The College of St. Canisius, in charge of the Jesuit Fathers, presented 
 seven volumes of examination papers and of class work in the usual 
 collegiate studies. 
 
 These papers were interesting and scholarly, accurate and orderly, as 
 was befitting the work of pupils taught by Jesuit teachers. 
 
 The Gray Nuns, of the Convent of the Holy Angels, Buffalo, dis¬ 
 played carefully executed work from one parochial school, given in 
 eleven volumes, and pretty, gracefully written, accurate work from one 
 academy, constituting eighteen volumes of class exercises bound in 
 French gray and embracing all branches of a young lady’s education. 
 One hundred and fifty Botanical specimens, skillfully dried and 
 mounted, added to the attractiveness of the display, as did the thirty- 
 three pieces of fancy needle-work, among which was a. picture of an 
 eagle embroidered in gold. This picture is clearly visible in the illus¬ 
 tration. The Botanical work, referred to above, was the special feature 
 of this exhibit, and received flattering notices from the press. It com¬ 
 prised dried specimens mounted on Bristol board and hung in revolving 
 frames. One special volume in this exhibit contained a story written 
 for the Catholic Warid and translated into German. 
 
 The painting on china, canvas and silk was admirable. 
 
 Both of these institutions are named from the Holy Angels and are 
 located in Buffalo. 
 
From one academy (Mt. St. Joseph’s) and eleven parochial schools 
 came very meritorious work, comprised in twenty-four volumes of class 
 exercises and examination papers; it was prepared by pupils of the 
 Sisters of St. Joseph. The academic display included several pieces of 
 pretty fancy work, some well-drawn maps and a number of pencil and 
 crayon drawings, very pleadingly executed. 
 
 The Ladies of the Sacred Heart of Mt. St. Mary’s Academy, 
 Buffalo, in charge of Miss Nardin, presented carefully prepared work 
 from four parochial schools, contained in thirty-three volumes of cor¬ 
 rectly written papers, and an academic display of ten oil paintings, 
 seventy-seven volumes of class work of more than ordinary excellence, 
 and five albums of drawings, maps and pictures, showing a gratifying 
 skill. Several of the paintings mentioned above are shown in the illus- 
 
 diction veil embroidered in gold, one preaching stole and one lace alb. 
 
 The Franciscans, having their Mother House at the Sacred Heart 
 Convent, Buffalo, gave exhibits from the Sacred Heart High School, and 
 from St. Michael’s Parish School, consisting of nine volumes from the 
 latter, containing papers on arithmetic, composition, grammar, spelling 
 and map-drawing ; and thirty-eight volumes from the former, contain¬ 
 ing exercises in rhetoric, literature, history, church history, book-keep¬ 
 ing, physics' astronomy, harmony, spelling, German grammar, German 
 composition, elementary drawing and Kindergarten work; also two 
 large oil paintings and a handsome map of New York. The needle¬ 
 work was as follows :—one altar lace in filet, two tidies, one tray cloth, 
 one table cover, one fancy toaster, one lamp shade, one embroidered 
 night dress, one child’s dress embroidered, one Japanese basket, three 
 
 'FFALO DTOOESAN EXHIBITS. 
 
 tration, on the walls at right and at left. A feature of Miss Nardin’s 
 exhibit was the drawing, which was glowingly commented upon by the 
 Buffalo press. “The bound volumes,” stated one paper, “were marvels 
 in their way. ’ ’ 
 
 The Franciscan Sisters, wearing the brown habit and having their 
 Mother House at St. Elizabeth’s Academy, Alleghany, presented ex¬ 
 hibits from the following schools : St. Elizabeth’s Academy and St. Pat¬ 
 rick’s Parish School in Buffalo, comprising six volumes of academic work, 
 stenography, mathematics, book-keeping, literature, penmanship and 
 drawing; seven volumes of common school work, geography, grammar, 
 physiology, arithmetic, United States History and composition; from 
 the academy: three oil paintings, one water color picture, a series of 
 ornamental and object drawings, two needle-work pictures, one Bene- 
 
 watch pockets and two needle-cases. The paintings were very good, 
 and the needle-work exceedingly delicate and tasty. 
 
 The map of New York showed the products of the State, small bits 
 of them being fastened to the map, the background was real sand. 
 Twenty-eigbt 6x8 historical maps of the United States, in colored pen 
 work, fourteen 6x8 pencil and pen drawings and thirteen 6x8 pencil 
 drawings of flowers made a wall display that was very creditable, both 
 for skill and industry. The Sacred Heart Kindergarten work was com¬ 
 plete and excellent. 
 
 The Franciscan Sisters of the Third Order, having their Mother 
 House at 337 Pine St., Buffalo, and wearing the black habit, presented 
 exhibits from the following schools:—St. Agnes’ and The Seven Dolors, 
 of Buffalo, Holy Helpers of Gardenville, SS. Peter and Paul of Ham- 
 
burg and an Orphan Asylum. These institutions contributed thirty 
 volumes of bound work consisting of exercises in mathematics, language, 
 history, catechism, geography, map-drawing, commercial and business 
 forms, drawing from objects, German grammar, German translation 
 and composition. The needle-work, which was beautifully wrought, 
 comprised (from the Seven Dolors School) four silk 'throws, one silk 
 toilet set, twenty-four tidies, three aprons, three worsted garments, 
 fancy boxes, bags and baskets, needle-cases and watch-pockets. The 
 art display consisted of four crayon drawings, several albums of object 
 drawing and one oil painting. 
 
 From the Orphan Asylum there came celluloid brush and paper 
 holders, embroidered silk throws, cushions and shawls, one ornamented 
 handkerchief case and a shopping bag, a tastily made silk bonnet and 
 an elegant silk dress. A pretty and skillful painting on doe skin was 
 much admired. 
 
 The Academy of Our Lady of the Angels, and the parish schools of 
 St. John, SS. Peter and Paul and St. Mary, all of Elmira, also the 
 parish schools of St. John, St. Patrick and St. Mary, in Lockport, are 
 in charge of the Sisters of St. Mary, whose exhibit, though not large, 
 was choice, presenting one volume of academic work and six volumes of 
 common school work, also five framed drawings, one oil painting, one 
 large piece of ornamental pen work and a lyre bird, executed in colored 
 inks ; this is to be distinctly seen in the illustration of the Buffalo Ex¬ 
 hibit. There were specimens of fancy work as follows:—Two pieces of 
 hand-made lace, two painted cushions and one album of samples of 
 needle-work. The painted fire screen, in the foreground of the illus¬ 
 tration, came from St. Joseph’s Academy, Lockport. The work in the 
 exhibit from the schools of the Sisters of St. Mary ranked with the 
 best. 
 
 The following schools, under the care of the Christian Brothers, 
 contributed to the exhibit: In Buffalo, St. Joseph’s Cathedral School, 
 the male department of St. Bridget’s and the male department of St. 
 Louis’. One hundred and twenty-two volumes of admirable papers 
 testified to the excellent scholarship of the pupils of the above schools, 
 and to their proficiency in the following branches: Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic (the examples in mensuration illustrated with drawings), 
 grammar and composition, geography and history, book-keeping and 
 business forms, typewriting and stenography, German (including gram¬ 
 mar, composition and translation), phonography and physiology. 
 
 Besides the written work, St. Joseph’s School contributed five vol¬ 
 umes of drawing (ornamental, linear and map), also ten large drawings 
 framed; these were crayon pictures of landscapes and ships, and crayon 
 portraits of distinguished persons, among whom appeared Mgr. Satolli. 
 
 The Sisters of Mercy presented nine volumes of parochial school 
 work, on the ordinary branches, pleasingly done by the pupils of St. 
 Bridget’s School and St. Stephen’s School, Buffalo; SS. Peter and Paul’s 
 School, Jamestown; St. Mary's School. Niagara Falls and St. Mary’s 
 School, Olean. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, Buffalo, in charge of the School Sisters of Notre 
 Dame, sent seven volumes of very satisfactory papers, on the subjects 
 found in all parochial school work; four pictures in needle-work, one 
 bracket of leather flowers and a wax cross twined with wax roses. 
 
 The exhibits from the Industrial Schools and Orphanages consisted 
 principally of fancy work and plain needle-work, though each institu¬ 
 tion presented also volumes of written class work. The Orphan Asylums: 
 St. Male’s at Dunkirk, St. Joseph’s and the female department of St. 
 John’s, at West Seneca, are in charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph; they 
 exhibited one volume each of neat class work ; in addition to which, St. 
 Mary’s sent a volume on music, St. Joseph’s an album of drawings, St. 
 John’s four specimens of needle-work in the form of rugs and quilts. 
 The boys’ department of St. John’s, which is in charge of the Brothers 
 of the Holy Cross, sent four books of skillful typesetting and specimens 
 of electrotyping. 
 
 From the German Asylum, Buffalo, there came five volumes of ex¬ 
 cellent papers in both German and English, one oil painting, one picture 
 painted on doe skin, three celluloid whisk holders, two aprons, two 
 paper holders and one each of the following: a shroud, cushion, throw 
 and bonnet, each made of silk and embroidered; a spider duster, a 
 basket, a shopping bag, a bobbinet throw, a pair of mittens, a towel rack, 
 two handkerchief boxes and an embroidered shawl. This institution is 
 in charge of the Franciscan Sisters having their Mother House at the 
 Sacred Heart Convent, Buffalo. 
 
 St. Mary’s Deaf Mute Institution, Buffalo, in care of the Sisters of 
 St. Joseph, exhibited seven volumes of the school journal, u Le Couteulx ,” 
 two volumes of very good papers on the studies ot the grammar grades, 
 one oil painting, one pretty specimen of wood carving, one sample of 
 skillful chair caning and ten beautiful pictures in water color. 
 
 St. Vincent’s Orphanage gave a notable display; the grade work, 
 beautifully written, was in every instance illustrated with charming 
 little pencil drawings; each study of the grammar grades was treated in 
 this way, showing much intelligence and good taste, on part of students, 
 as well as patient training on part of teachers. The needle-work in this 
 exhibit was in keeping with the superior class work and included three 
 dresses of linen, muslin and silk, all exquisitely made, the silk one being 
 embroidered by hand. Besides the dresses, there were two aprons, 
 trimmed with crochet, one velvet card case embroidered, one broom 
 case, similar to former, a set of doilies and a table center-piece em¬ 
 broidered. This display of tasty, skillful needle-work held, for a long 
 time, the attention of each visitor who paused before it, and certainly 
 the whole display reflected great honor on the dear Sisters of Charity, 
 particularly because the pupils were orphans. The Buffalo Exhibit, as 
 a whole, and in each of its features, was highly gratifying to the Bishop 
 of the Diocese. 
 
 We now turn to another exhibit from the State of New York, differ¬ 
 ent somewhat, in character, from the preceding, but equal to it in merit 
 and in all those points that contribute to the success of such a display. 
 Those who saw them, know how they compared; those who did not 
 visit them, may judge of them from the illustrations in this volume and 
 from the description of the work presented by each. 
 
 RT. REV. CHARLES E. MCDONNELL, D.D. 
 
 Long Island, named by early Catholic explorers “ The Isle of the 
 Holy Apostles,” constitutes the Diocese of Brooklyn, and was erected 
 in 1853, with Rt. Rev. John Loughlin, D.D., as its first bishop. 
 
 The eastern part of the Island was settled by people from New 
 England, and the western part by the Dutch, hence there were but few 
 Catholics among its early inhabitants. Even now, the greater portion 
 of the Catholic population is in the city of Brooklyn; there also are the 
 greater number of churches and priests, the number in the entire Diocese 
 being one hundred and twenty-four of the former and two hundred and 
 eighty-eight of the latter. 
 
 In 1822, there was not a Catholic Church on the Island; in 1837, 
 
 so 
 
Quinn, the duties of Vicar General, which had been shared with Mgr. Preston, fell 
 entirely upon the latter, who was also Chancellor, hence it became necessary to 
 appoint another to the last named office, and Rev. Dr. McDonnell was the fortu¬ 
 nate choice of the Archbishop's keen foresight. 
 
 So well did the Rev. Chancellor fulfill his duties, and so worthy did he prove 
 himself in all particulars, as priest and citizen, universal respect waB accorded 
 him, and, in token of personal regard, he was appointed Private Chamberlain to 
 the Pope, with the title of Monsignor. He was most successfully accomplishing 
 the duties attached to these offices when Rt. Rev. Bishop Loughlin died, Decem¬ 
 ber 31,1891. The Bishops of the Province made Rev. Dr. McDonnell their first 
 choice for the succession to the See of Brooklyn, and Rome unhesitatingly rati¬ 
 fied the choice. He was therefore consecrated second Bishop of the See, the sacred 
 ceremony taking place on April 25,1892, in St. Patrick’s Cathedral, New York City; 
 the new bishop entered into possession of his See on May 2d, of the same year. 
 
 Bishop McDonnell is an earnest and forcible preacher, his assertions 
 being based upon a thorough knowledge of theology, in which he excells, 
 and to which he adds a remarkable prudence, while his tact gains for 
 him a host of friends whereever he is known. 
 
 One of the early acts of his administration was the appoint¬ 
 ment of a Diocesan committee to arrange an educational exhibit 
 for the Columbian Exposition. This committee included the 
 following reverend gentlemen: Rev. Thomas Taaffe, Rev. Joseph 
 O’Connell and Rev. J. A. Hartnett, under whose able direction 
 was prepared the excellent exhibit that gave so much honor to 
 the Diocese. 
 
 The Brooklyn exhibit comprised work from two colleges, 
 fifteen academies, twenty-nine parish schools and five orphan¬ 
 ages and industrial schools. 
 
 The Colleges of St. John and of St. Francis, in charge of the 
 Lazarist Fathers and the Franciscan Brothers, respectively, pre¬ 
 sented very excellent, papers on the natural and physical sciences, 
 also on mathematics, rhetoric, history, Christian Doctrine and 
 the classes in the original Greek and Latin. The French trans¬ 
 lations from the pupils of St. John’s, showed a wide knowledge 
 of that polite language. 
 
 The following academies are located in the city of Brooklyn, 
 and are in charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph, viz.: Nativity 
 Institute, St. Agnes’ Seminary, St. Thomas Aquinas’ Academy 
 and St. Joseph’s Academy. These institutions made an admir¬ 
 able showing of bound work, comprising papers on Christian 
 Doctrine, the several departments of history, the three branches 
 of mathematics, the natural and physical sciences, the branches 
 of the business course, English and American literature, the 
 classical and the modern languages, constituting in all twenty-four 
 volumes. In addition to these there was an exhibit from St. 
 Agnes’ Seminary of six paintings and fifteen specimens of orna¬ 
 mental needle-work, also three charts executed in colored 
 crayon, one representing an outline of the literature and the his-, 
 tory of the Victorian Age, a second the Colonial Settlements of 
 North America, a third “Masters of the Old School”; these were 
 unique in style and very useful, we should judge, as a help in 
 making certain subjects interesting to a class. The paintings 
 and charts are visible in the illustration. 
 
 The other institutions of the city that took part in the great 
 display were the female department of the Sacred Heart School, 
 in charge of Sisters of Mercy, contributing one volume of class exercises 
 on history, arithmetic and grammar; St. Joseph’s Academy, in charge 
 ot Sisters of St. Joseph, two volumes of papers on Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic, physiology, history, literature, music, French composition, 
 fancy work and plain needle-work, which can be seen in the picture of 
 the alcove; the Visitation Academy and Convent, over which the Visita¬ 
 tion Nuns preside, exhibited four volumes on Christian Doctrine, the 
 natural and physical sciences, history, rhetoric and composition, litera¬ 
 ture and music, French, German and Latin, also two albums of choice 
 paintings and drawings, one of them lying open is reproduced in the 
 illustration, a set of excellent herbaria and five framed oil paintings: 
 “The Agony in the Garden,” “The Wounded Soldier,” “Magdalen” 
 and flowers and animals. Some of these pictures also may be 
 noted in the illustration. The Franciscan Brothers of Brooklyn, 
 presented work from St. Francis’ College, male department of the 
 Sacred Heart School, St. Leonard’s Academy, St. Patrick’s School, St. 
 Vincent de Paul’s School and the school of Our Lady, Star of the 
 Sea, comprising thirty volumes on academic, collegiate and business 
 branches, including ancient and modern languages and mechanical 
 drawing. Each volume showed the result, not only of careful instrue- 
 
 there were two in Brooklyn; in 1878, there were thirty-nine in the city, 
 and thirty-two in the rest of the Diocese, with one hundred and thirty- 
 eight priests. From such small beginnings, and by such gradual 
 advancement, we have the above progress and improvement. 
 
 In this Diocese, as in others, learning kept pace with religion, and 
 schools succeeded churches, so that, at the present time, there are, 
 besides one seminary for ecclesiastical students, five colleges, sixteen 
 academies and one hundred and seven parochial schools, with an 
 attendance of twenty-eight thousand nine hundred and forty-eight 
 pupils. 
 
 On the death of Rt. Rev. Bishop Loughlin, in 1891, Rt. Rev. Charles 
 E. McDonnell, D.D., was consecrated his successor. 
 
 BROOKLYN DIOCESAN EXHIBITS. ALCOVE NO. 20. 
 
 This distinguished Prelate was born February 1.1854,in the city of New York. 
 His parents having moved to Brooklyn when he was quite young, he received his 
 early education in that city. On their return to New York, somewhat later, he 
 was placed under the care of the Christian Brothers, at the old De La Salle Insti¬ 
 tute on Second Street, from which he passed to the Jesuit College of St. Francis 
 Xavier on West Sixteenth Street, and here, as the college records show, ho kept 
 his name at the head of the class lists, carrying off the principal prizes. 
 
 His career at college, though brilliant, was brief, because he determined to 
 join the priesthood, and having been accepted as a student for the New York Dio¬ 
 cese, went to Rome to make his theological studies in the American College, of 
 which Mgr. Chatard was President at the time. The young American student 
 fulfilled, in Rome, the promise of his early school days in New York, and at the 
 end of six years was ordained by Bishop Chatard May 19, 1878, taking also the 
 degree of Doctor of Divinity. Having made a brief continental tour and a short 
 visit to England, he turned his face homeward, in the direction of his life-duties. 
 
 After his safe arrival in his native city, he was appointed assistant at St. 
 Mary's Church, and soon after at St. Stephen’s, from which he was removed to be¬ 
 come Master of Ceremonies at St. Patrick's Cathedral. For this office, his Roman 
 training fitted him perfectly; under his directions all the great functions were 
 carried out with imposing regularity ami an impressive stateliness. 
 
 Father Farley, Secretary to Cardinal McCloskey, having been appointed pas¬ 
 tor of St. Gabriel's Church, Rev. Dr. McDonnell succeeded to the secretaryship, 
 and after the Cardinal's death Archbishop Corrigan retained him in the same con¬ 
 fidential capacity, in which heshowed signal ability. On the death of Rev. Father 
 
 31 
 
tion, but of exact training in proper expression ancl of patient drilling 
 on the principles of science. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Academy, of Flushing, L. I., is under the immediate 
 patronage of Rt. Rev. Chas. E. McDonnell, D.D., Bishop of Brooklyn, and 
 is located in a suburban village, about eight miles from New York City. 
 This institution was represented at the Exposition by an exhibit of great 
 merit. The studies seem to be thorough and extensive, embracing all 
 the branches of an ornamental education, and the Academy being in¬ 
 corporated with the University of the State of New York, diplomas and 
 graduating medals are conferred on those who complete the requisite 
 course. Among the twelve paintings presented by this institution, the 
 most remarkable was the portrait of Bishop McDonnell, pronounced, by 
 those who knew him, a correct and artistic likeness ; “Pharaoh’s Horses,” 
 in oil, was the subject of much kindly comment: so also was “The Fish¬ 
 
 BUOOKLYN DIOCESAN EXHIBITS. ALCOVE NO. 20. 
 
 erman’s Return,” a copy of the well-known picture of that name. A 
 map of Long Island, also in oil, was a very creditable piece of work for 
 a miss only fifteen years of age. A map of Europe, from the same.hand 
 and nicely mounted for the wall, showed skill with the pencil as well as 
 a thorough knowledge of geography. Several panels, with fish and game 
 represented on a black enameled background, caught the eye of those 
 who like to give an artistic turn to their dining-room decorations. 
 “Moonlight on the City,” “London Bridge,” “Italian Shepherd Boy,” 
 “Neapolitan Fisher Boy,” “The Two Princes in the Tower,” “Grand¬ 
 mamma, You Must Not Talk, ” “The Christian Martyr” and an “Ecce 
 Homo” were among the remaining pieces of the excellent art display. 
 Besides the paintings, there were forty-six mechanical drawings and a 
 charming piece called “The Centennial Dream. ” It had made its first 
 appearance at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, and was a 
 unique representation of our country’s prosperity at that time. 
 
 The intellectual part of the display consisted of the examination 
 papers of the graduating class of that year, prettily tied with ribbons 
 and bearing the writer’s name engrossed on the cover. The subjects 
 treated were Church history, moral philosophy, literature, geology, 
 algebra and exercises in French and German. A critical study of one of 
 Shakespeare’s plays made an interesting paper, and the selected essay on 
 Columbus was an able production. The ten members of the science 
 class presented admirable examination papers rendered attractive by 
 their fine diagrams, drawn with colored inks, to illustrate the various 
 subjects in natural philosophy and astronomy. A volume of Centennial 
 dramas showed considerable talent for a difficult style of composition. 
 The Holy Trinity Orphan Asylum, in charge of the Dominican Sisters, 
 presented one volume of carefully prepared and very creditable class work. 
 
 The Industrial School of Mercy, in charge of the Sisters of Mercy, 
 displayed samples of silk 
 lace, specimens of plain sew¬ 
 ing, a crocheted jacket, 
 several pairs of shoes, twelve 
 samples of crocheting, speci¬ 
 mens of button-hole making, 
 one point-lace handkerchief, 
 one piece of framed em¬ 
 broidery, one framed sample 
 of drawn work, two bed¬ 
 spreads and two pillow- 
 shams crocheted and one 
 pair of child’s socks. 
 
 St. John’s Home, in 
 charge of the Sisters of St. 
 Joseph, exhibited, besides 
 three volumes of very pleas¬ 
 ing class papers, on the 
 studies of the grammar 
 grades, two volumes of de¬ 
 lightful Kindergarten work. 
 The needle-work comprised 
 nine crocheted pieces: two 
 shawls, two bedspreads and 
 five pieces of lace; two framed 
 pieces: one embroidered 
 and one drawn work, and 
 a point lace handkerchief. 
 
 St. Malachy’s Home, in 
 charge of the Sisters of St. 
 Joseph, contributed one vol¬ 
 ume of well-written papers 
 on the grammar grade stud¬ 
 ies and on business forms: 
 bills, receipts, etc. 
 
 St. Paul’s Industrial 
 School, in charge of the Sis¬ 
 ters of Charity, had a display 
 that was entirely of hand 
 work, and very beautiful, 
 tasty and practical it was, 
 winning one to stand long 
 before its attractive features: 
 its pretty little doll’s chair; its dainty embroidered underwear; its 
 elegant pattern of lace; its handsome scarfs and rich satin banner; its 
 neatly stitched shirts and waists; its pretty embroidered cushions and 
 dainty aprons; its fashionable dress-waists for ladies and its handsomely 
 embroidered shirt for a gentleman, were extremely meritorious. While 
 each piece exhibited was a credit to the institution, the two dresses for 
 children and the six ball dresses for young ladies excelled everything 
 else, and had no rivals in any exhibit whatever, so elegantly were they 
 designed, so exquisitely finished. 
 
 These “Homes” and Industrial Schools are all located in the city of 
 Brooklyn which is, surely, the City of Schools as well as the “City of 
 Churches.” The parochial schools of the Diocese that exhibited 
 were the following:—Taught by the Sisters of St. Joseph, fifteen:— 
 Holy Cross, Our Lady of Good Counsel, St. Theresa’s, St. Vincent 
 de Paul, Nativity, Our Lady of Mercy, St. Ann’s, St. Anthony’s, 
 
 32 
 
St. Francis de Sales, St. James’, St. John’s, St. Joseph’s, St. Malachy’s, 
 St. Peter’s and St. Paul’s and Visitation School; taught by Sisters of St. 
 Dominic, nine:—All Saints, Holy Family, Holy Trinity, St. Bernard’s,St. 
 Fidelis’, St. Leonard’s, St. Michael’s, St. Nicholas’ and Mother of 
 Sorrows’ School; Franciscan Brothers, ten:—Assumption, Our Lady 
 of Mercy, St. Ann’s, St. Anthony’s, St. Charles’, St. Francis de Sales, 
 St. John’s, The Evangelist’s, St. Joseph’s and Visitation School; Sisters 
 of Charity, six:—Assumption, St. Charles’, St. Mary Star of the 
 Sea, St. Paul’s, St. Peter’s and St. Stephen’s; Sisters of Christian Charity, 
 one:—St. Benedict’s School; Christian Brothers, one :—St. James’ Com- 
 mfacial School. This last-named school had a much more extensive and 
 comprehensive exhibit than any other parochial school of the Diocese. 
 It comprised twenty-eight volumes of examination papers, nineteen 
 volumes of type-written work, three volumes of business letters and 
 forms, four volumes of penmanship and drawing, one volume of short¬ 
 hand, literature and arithmetic; eleven volumes of higher mathematics, 
 six volumes of high school branches and a volume of photographs. The 
 other schools named presented from two to ten volumes of papers on 
 the studies of the grammar and high school grades, all marked by that 
 carefulness, accuracy and clearness, by which the parish school work of 
 the Catholic Exhibit was uni¬ 
 versally distinguished. 
 
 The displays of three of 
 the Dominican schools were 
 brightened by the pretty con¬ 
 tributions of the Kindergarten. 
 
 (See illustration.) 
 
 The illustration of the in¬ 
 terior of alcove 18 shows, in the 
 background and to the right of 
 it, nine paintings from the 
 Brooklyn academies of St. 
 
 Joseph, St. Agnes and the 
 Visitation, and from St. Jo¬ 
 seph’s Academy of Flushing. 
 
 The mechanical drawings on 
 the wall at the left were from 
 the last- named institution, and 
 the herbaria open on the table 
 at the right were contributed 
 by the pupils of the Visitation 
 Academy; from them also came 
 the large album lying open on 
 the table at the left. The speci¬ 
 mens of needle-work were pro¬ 
 duced at St. Agnes’ Seminary. 
 
 The illustration of alcove 20 
 shows paintings from the same 
 institutions as those exhibited 
 in No. IS. The embroidered 
 garments in the glass-covered 
 frames, also the ladies’ waists 
 and underwear, were from St. 
 
 Paul’s Industrial School. The 
 contents of the large upright 
 case, with glass doors, came 
 from the various orphanages 
 mentioned in the preceding sketch and most of the crochet work that is 
 visible was from the Industrial School of the Sisters of Mercy. 
 
 The subjects treated of in the papers displayed by the various paro¬ 
 chial schools were as follows:—Those in charge of the Franciscan 
 Brothers presented, with masculine vigor, the four branches of mathe¬ 
 matics, commonly studied in the academic grades; the definitions of 
 principles were always clear and decisive, the demonstrations of problems 
 always in accordance with the best methods. The various business forms 
 were most practical, and were always produced in excellent penmanship. 
 
 The exhibits from St. James’ Commercial School are mentioned above; 
 it is therefore, merely necessary to note the fact that the school was in 
 charge of the Christian Brothers; all then know what to expect and are 
 assured that no commendation, however warm, would be deemed ex¬ 
 aggerated. 
 
 Besides mathematics, the Franciscan Brothers’ pupils,—members of 
 
 parish schools, presented papers on Christian Doctrine, United States 
 History, grammar, geography, spelling, typewriting, map-drawing, alge¬ 
 bra, civics, phonography, physiology, physical geography, mensuration 
 and composition; each and every one of them were creditable to both 
 pupils and teachers. 
 
 From the schools in charge of the Dominican Sisters came twenty- 
 one volumes filled with class exercises and examination papers on Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, Bible History, arithmetic, geography, grammar, composi¬ 
 tion (English and German), United States History, natural history, map¬ 
 drawing, mensuration, drawing, spelling, translations from the German 
 and letter writing. 
 
 The pupils of the Sisters of St. Joseph contributed fifty-two volumes 
 containing work on Christian Doctrine, Bible History, arithmetic, alge¬ 
 bra, business forms, grammar, history, geography, civics, spelling, rheto¬ 
 ric, composition, civil government, critical readings, hygiene, literature, 
 geometry, natural philosophy, map-drawing and music. 
 
 The parish school work, prepared under the supervision of the Sis¬ 
 ters of Charity, was comprised in twelve volumes of papers on Christian 
 Doctrine, Church History, orthography, answers to questions on reading, 
 geography and map-drawing, grammar, rhetoric and composition, history 
 
 and civics, arithmetic, algebra and geometry, astronomy and physiology, 
 translations and letter writing, book-keeping and mensuration and a 
 study of Longfellow’s beautiful “ Evangeline.” 
 
 In regard to these papers, the reader will bear in mind that the pen¬ 
 manship was not only clear and legible, but really beautiful; that the 
 mode of expression used in the statement of the facts was ever and 
 •always in accordance with the exact requirements, not only of grammar, 
 but of rhetoric. History and geography went invariably hand in hand, 
 the sciences were illustrated always with prettily executed drawings; so 
 also were the common branches of mathematics, when there was need 
 of it. 
 
 In the male department of each parochial school exhibit, we found 
 papers on civil government, accompanied by essays on patriotic subjects, 
 sufficient proof that not in the public schools only are boys taught to be 
 good citizens of the United States. The excellent qualities that we have 
 
 BROOKLYN DIOCESAN EXHIBITS. ALCOVE NO. 18. 
 
 33 
 
noted as belonging to the parochial school work of this Diocese were 
 common to that work wherever found. “ Were there no imperfections ?” 
 A few, a very few. As this work of description proceeds, we hope that 
 the reader will bear in mind that we mean, in no case, to point out the 
 few flaws that appeared in the exhibits, but in every case to comment 
 upon the beauties and the perfections which were the normal character¬ 
 istics of the exhibits. Some parochial school pupils do very imperfect 
 work; such was not selected for display at the World’s Fair; the best 
 was chosen for exhibition, hence we seldom found a fault to notice, and 
 when we did we were not so small as to comment upon it, in the face of 
 so much superlative excellence. 
 
 In these days of rapid transit, it is not a great journey to go from 
 New York to Missouri, and in the exhibit it meant only a pleasant 
 stroll along a classical-looking aisle, around a charming corner, part way 
 up another aisle of thought and study, to the alcove where the Sisters 
 of the Precious Blood proved that in Missouri there is no “compromise” 
 with ignorance, at least. 
 
 Alcove 57 contained the exhibits of the schools of the Sisters ol the 
 Precious Blood, having their Mother House, St. Mary’s Institute, at 
 O’Fallon, Mo., another community having the Mother House, Maria 
 Stein, in Mercer County, Ohio. The former came from Gurtweil, Baden, 
 Germany, and the latter from Loewenberg Canton, Graubenden, Switzer¬ 
 land. The latter, who came to America in 1844, claim to be the oldest 
 community of the Precious Blood in this country, and number six 
 
 The exhibit from the Ohio community consisted of six volumes of 
 bound examination papers from St. Peter’s and St. Paul’s School, Otta¬ 
 wa, 0., Diocese of Cleveland, from St. Joseph’s of Garrett, Holy Trinity of 
 New Corydon and St. Peter’s of Winamac, Ind., in the Fort Wayne 
 Diocese; also from the Catholic District School of Glandori, Diocese ot 
 Cleveland. 
 
 The Fathers of the Precious Blood located at Rensselaer, Ind., sent 
 a very interesting volume of work from their Indian Normal School, 
 which is under the patronage of St. Joseph. 
 
 Having considered schools in a certain sense of Swiss and German 
 origin, we now turn to a Diocese under the care of a truly American 
 Prelate, whose biography is subjoined, and to the displays from schools 
 in charge of one community having its birth in France, the other origin¬ 
 ating in Germany. 
 
 The beloved Bishop of Vincennes, Right Reverend Francis Silas Chatard, 
 was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1834. At the College of Mt. St. Mary's, 
 Emmittsburg, a theological seminary, he passed the happy, studious days of his 
 thoughtful, earnest youth, graduating in 1853, with high honors and the promise 
 of a brilliant future. 
 
 He adopted the noble profession of medicine; next to the priesthood in the 
 superior acquirements it demands, and the greatness of character it supposes in 
 him who chooses it for his life work, it was the very avocation to attract a mind 
 and heart such as Monsignor Chatard’s; but just as he finished the medical course, 
 which had occupied him since his graduation from college, the low, sweet voice 
 of a divine vocation, which had long whispered to his heart, and won the approval 
 
 Ivfcioiu 
 
 ANTIPENDIUM. 
 
 PRECIOUS BLOOD, o’UALLON, MO. 
 
 EXHIBITED BY SISTERS OF THE 
 ALCOVE 
 
 hundred professed religious. The Missouri community came in 1870, 
 and sent fifteen volumes of examination papers on grammar grade 
 studies, from St. Agatha’s and St. Augustine’s Schools of St, Louis; Sac¬ 
 red Heart School, of Florissant; All Saints’, of St. Peter’s; St. Joseph’s, 
 of Zell; St. Andrew’s, of Tipton; the parish schools at Rivier aux Vases, 
 Old Monroe and Joseph ville, all from Missouri; and St. Joseph’s and 
 St. Magdalen’s Schools of Omaha, Neb., also St. Francis School 
 of Falls City, Neb. The pupils of St. Joseph’s School, of Omaha, Neb., 
 exhibited a weather map, very accurately executed and which was 
 highly complimented by the Signal Service officers. St. Elizabeth’s 
 Institute, of St, Louis, belonging to the O’Fallon community, presented a 
 more extensive exhibit than its other schools; this comprised, besides two 
 volumes of excellent papers on academic studies and an album of very 
 good drawings, a number of handsome fancy-work pieces. These included 
 two piano covers, four furniture scarfs, five mats for dressing table, an 
 infant’s outdoor suit, ladies’ black silk mittens and a handkerchief case 
 containing six hemstitched handkerchiefs. The crowning glory of the 
 fancy work that was contributed by the Sisters of the Precious Blood was 
 an antipendium for an altar, a piece of needle-work so artistically done 
 as to deceive the eye and make one believe that brush and paint had 
 been used, rather than needle and silken threads. An illustration of this 
 beautiful object accompanies this comment, giving the reader some 
 idea of its exquisite embroidery. 
 
 of his desires, secured the consent of his will, and he determined to become a 
 priest. With one like him, to determine is to achieve, hence, having decided 
 to devote himself to the Church, he at once set about accomplishing the neces¬ 
 sary preparation. Thus he became a student in the Urban College, Rome, in 
 1857, in his twenty-third year, and, at the end of six years, had won in public 
 theses the cap of a doctor of divinity; thenceforth he might claim the imposing 
 double “D" after his name. 
 
 Soon after attaining this distinction, he was further honored by his appoint¬ 
 ment to the vice-rectorship of the American College in Rome, and, on the eleva¬ 
 tion of the Very Rev. Rector, Dr. McCloskey, to the episcopacy, succeeded to the 
 honorable, but exceedingly responsible position of rector. This office, which he 
 so ably filled, gave him an opportunity to use his gifts of heart and mind in a 
 manner highly creditable to himself, very gratifying to his superiors, and truly 
 beneficial to his charge. His ten years in the American College were productive 
 of noble fruits, as to the advancement of the students, and the assistance of 
 American prelates visiting Rome. Wide open were the doors of the college; its 
 Rector was always “at home’’, always ready to give his services to any one 
 who needed them and they were seldom out of demand. 
 
 As a resident of Rome, and the ecclesiastical head of a great educational in¬ 
 stitution, his influence was exceedingly great within the sphere whose bounda¬ 
 ries his good sense and zeal had marked, and his labors in every good and noble 
 cause were untiring. 
 
 His efforts during the Vatican Council were recognized by His Holiness 
 Pope Pius IX., who, as a token of appreciation, presented him with a gold medal 
 of exquisite workmanship, most valuable for what it symbolized. 
 
 Dr. Chatard visited the United States in 1878, and collected large sums for 
 the support of the American College. On his return to Rome, he was notified of 
 his appointment to the Diocese of Vincennes. In that same year he was conse- 
 
 34 
 
crated, on May 12. fifth Bishop of the. Diocese. Studious and scholarly, he has 
 contributed some excellent works to Catholic literature, and some admirable 
 articles to Catholic periodicals. 
 
 RT. REV. FRANCIS S. CHATARD, D.D. 
 
 Bishop Chatard’s interest in educational affairs has always been en¬ 
 thusiastic, and it was particularly so when there was question of prepar¬ 
 ing exhibits for the Columbian Exposition. He gave to the various 
 Teaching Order's of his Diocese every encouragement that lay in his 
 power, following with eager interest the progress of their preparations 
 for the great event, and watching over the results with deepest gratifica¬ 
 tion. His words of commendation, and his manifestations of pleasure, 
 when the exhibits from his schools were favorably noticed, could not but 
 give sincerest joy to the hearts of pupils and teachers. 
 
 When the exhibits that we are about to notice shall have been de¬ 
 scribed, the reader will not be surprised that Bishop Chatard felt hon¬ 
 ored in his schools. 
 
 Let us now consider briefly the history of the field wherein this 
 zealous pastor labors. 
 
 ® N the 6th of May, 1834, Pope Gregory XVI. erected Vincennes 
 into an Episcopal See, embracing the States of Indiana and West¬ 
 ern Illinois, and appointed Rev. Simon Gabriel Brute its first Bishop. 
 
 Three wretched little churches, one forsaken convent, a brick cathe¬ 
 dral, unplastered and without sanctuary or sacristy, and three priests; 
 such was the charge received by Bishop Brute, one of the most remark¬ 
 able men in the early American Church. In five short years he com¬ 
 pleted his life-work and went to his eternal reward, leaving twenty-nine 
 churches, twenty-four priests, a seminary, a college, an academy and 
 several free schools. He introduced into the Diocese the Sisters of 
 Charity from Nazareth, Kentucky. His successor was Rt. Rev. Celestinc 
 de la Hailandiere, who endowed the Diocese with three important com¬ 
 munities : the Sisters of Providence and the Fathers of the Holy Cross, 
 with whom were associated the Brothers of St. Joseph. 
 
 In 1847, having doubled the number of churches and priests, Bishop 
 de la Hailandiere resigned, and was succeeded by Rt. Rev. John Bazin of 
 whom great things had been hoped by reason of the singular talents lie 
 had displayed as a priest; but, after a brief illness, he died before the 
 expiration of his first year as Bishop. 
 
 Very Rev. Maurice de Saint Palais having been Vicar General, was 
 well acquainted with the needs of the Diocese, and when appointed to 
 
 the See, made most energetic and successful efforts for the advancement 
 of every interest. That of education was greatly favored by the intro¬ 
 duction of the Benedictine Fathers, who founded, in his Diocese, their 
 great Abbey of St. Meinrad. He also introduced the Brothers of the 
 Christian Doctrine and the Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis, hav¬ 
 ing their Mother House at Oldenburg. He lived to see in his Diocese, 
 in addition to these institutions, establishments under the Brothers of 
 the Sacred Heart, the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, the Little Sisters of 
 the Poor, the Ursuline Nuns and the Capuchin Fathers. Priests and 
 churches were more than doubled in number, when the saintly Bishop 
 died, at St. Mary’s of the Wqods, June 28th, 1877. 
 
 Our Holy Father, Leo XIII., appointed as his successor Dr. Silas 
 Chatard, a native of Baltimore, who had been for several years Rector 
 of the American College in Rome. He was consecrated May 12th, 1878, 
 and, on taking possession of his See, selected Indianapolis as his place 
 of residence, because besides being the capital of the State, it had live 
 churches and an equal number of chapels. 
 
 As already stated Bishop Chatard took from the first a very particu¬ 
 lar and effective interest in the educational exhibit, giving it the en¬ 
 couragement of his words and influence. 
 
 Identified with the highest educational history of the Diocese is that 
 of its pioneer institution, St. Mary’s of the Woods, in charge of the Sis¬ 
 ters of Providence. 
 
 After many weeks of daily presence among the beauties and perfec¬ 
 tions of its educational display, with a reverent inclination of the head 
 to its Archbishop’s marble likeness, and a sigh of loneliness for its in¬ 
 tellectual pleasures so long enjoyed, the writer stepped from the Chicago 
 Department of the Educational Exhibit into the special domain of Bro¬ 
 ther Maurelian’s genius. 
 
 With an eager emotion of pleasurable anticipation, and a quick glance 
 from left to right and from right to left again, the choice of a new point 
 of observation was made; some special gleam of brightness caught the 
 eye, some peculiar evidence of originality won the judgment and the 
 footsteps were drawn to alcove 65. 
 
 It was no slight test of the excellence of a display that its first appear¬ 
 ance before the mind, its first appeal to the eye and judgment should 
 follow that of the many very admirable exhibits of the Chicago Depart¬ 
 ment. The exhibit from St. Mary’s of the Woods stood the test with 
 chivalrous fidelity to the ability of the teachers and the application of 
 the students who prepared it. 
 
 In the United States, “St. Mary’s of the Woods” is the principal 
 house of the Order of Providence which originated in France, in 1802, 
 and made its first appearance in America, in 1840, under the patronage 
 of Mgr. de la Hailandiere, second Bishop of Vincennes. At that time, 
 St. Mary’s was in the midst of a forest; now it is in the heart of a garden 
 of delights. Then it was a small struggling community, now it has 
 branch houses in ten Dioceses. Each of these was represented in the 
 collective exhibit, and each will be noticed with the Diocese to which it 
 belongs. 
 
 In the Diocese of Vincennes, the Order of Providence has five aca¬ 
 demies: St. Mary’s of the Woods, St. John’s and St. Agnes’, at Indian¬ 
 apolis; St. Rose’s, at Vincennes and St. Simon’s, at Washington; one 
 industrial school, namely, St. Joseph’s, at Indianapolis, and seventeen 
 parochial schools :—Sacred Heart, at Frcnehtown ; St. Paul’s, at Green- 
 castle; Holy Trinity and Assumption, at Evansville; St. Patrick’s and 
 St. Joseph’s, at Indianapolis; St. Augustine’s, at Jeffersonville; St. 
 John’s, at Loogootee; St. Michael’s, at Madison; St. Mary’s, at Rich¬ 
 mond; St. Ambrose’s, at Seymour; St. Joseph’s, St. Benedict’s and St. 
 Patrick’s, at Terre Haute; St. Rose’s, at Vincennes; St. Simon’s, at Wash¬ 
 ington and St. Gabriel’s, at Connersville. 
 
 From other Dioceses, they had exhibits prepared by the following 
 academies and schools :—The academies were: St. Augustine’s, at Ft. 
 Wayne; St. Ignatius’, at Lafayette and St. Paul’s, at Valparaiso, Ind.; 
 St. Joseph’s, at Galesburg, Ill.; Sacred Heart, at Kansas City, Mo.; and 
 Sacred Heart, at Port Huron, Mich. 
 
 The schools were the following: St. Philip’s and Our Lady of Sor¬ 
 rows, at Chicago, and Sacred Heart, at Lock port, Ill.; St. Joseph’s, at 
 Delphi; St. Augustine’s and St. Patrick’s, at Ft. Wayne; St. John’s, at 
 Hammond; St. Ann’s, at Lafayette and St. Charles’, at Peru, Ind.; St. 
 Mary’s, at East Saginaw; St. Andrew’s, at Saginaw and St. John’s, at 
 Ypsilanti, Mich.; St. Rose’s, at Chelsea, Mass., and St. Agnes’ School, 
 at Omaha, Neb. 
 
Two volumes each was the average contribution of the parochial 
 schools ; the subjects of the papers were the branches of Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, arithmetic, grammar, history, physical and descriptive geography, 
 map-drawing, book-keeping, rhetoric and compositions, botany and phy¬ 
 sics, also physiology, civil government and phonography. 
 
 The list of papers contributed by one of these well-conducted parish 
 schools will serve to illustrate the work sent in by each and all. We 
 will take for instance, the exhibit from St. Joseph’s Cathedral School, at 
 Fort Wayne. It was comprised of papers on Christian Doctrine, Bible 
 and Church History, arithmetic, algebra, geometry,, grammar, rhetoric, 
 logic, literature, composition, United States, modern and general history, 
 
 maps and pictures. Book-keeping, business forms, orthography and 
 letter-writing were found in every list and specimens ol the work were 
 in every collection. 
 
 Holy Trinity School, of Evansville and St. Benedict’s, of Terre 
 Haute, Ind., sent specimens of beautiful needle-work and embroidery. 
 
 The academies presented papers on the subjects peculiar to the four 
 years’ academic course: higher mathematics, the natural and the physi¬ 
 cal sciences, advanced literary studies, general history and biography. 
 The methods of teachers and the co-operating efforts of pupils as dis¬ 
 played in the volumes of the above schools, were most interesting and 
 worthy of high commendation. 
 
 Thef)!# (Mf a 
 
 COLLECTIVE EXHIBITS FROM THE SISTERS OF PROVIDENCE. 
 MOTHER HOUSE AT ST. MARY’S, VIGO COUNTY, IND. 
 ALCOVE NO. 65. 
 
 physical geography, physiology, physics, botany, chemistry, astronomy, 
 business forms, phonography, typewriting, drawing and music. Sixty 
 volumes of parish school work:—the Christian Doctrine reverently and 
 beautifully presented; the branches of mathematics, with principles so 
 carefully written and illustrated with demonstrations appearing like 
 pictures in their orderly arrangement; the branches of English 
 language leading up in a succession of delightful papers to thoughtful, 
 and often really beautiful compositions; the physical and natural sci¬ 
 ence papers, not only excellent in correctness of statement and precision 
 of expression, but illustrated with charming pen and pencil drawings; 
 history and geography, hand in hand, had their facts set forth in well 
 chosen language and illustrated with well placed and excellently drawn 
 
 The exhibits displayed by these academies in charge of the Sisters of 
 Providence were as follows:—St. Augustine’s Academy, at Fort Wayne, 
 Ind., contributed two volumes of examination papers oil Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, Church History, arithmetic, algebra, standard time, grammar, rhe¬ 
 toric, literature, ancient and modern history, physical geography, na¬ 
 tural philosophy and astronomy, also three volumes of theory of music 
 and special work in literature; St. Joseph’s Academy, at Galesburg, Ill., 
 four volumes on Christian Doctrine, Bible History, arithmetic, algebra, 
 grammar, rhetoric, literature, geography, physical geography, natural 
 philosophy, chemistry, penmanship and drawing; St. John’s Academy, 
 at Indianapolis, eleven volumes of miscellaneous class work :—Christian 
 Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, modern languages, logic, metaphysics, 
 
ethics, book-keeping, stenography, typewriting, literature, music, speci¬ 
 mens of penmanship and drawing, also one still life study in oil; Sacred 
 Heart Academy, at Kansas City, Mo., St. Ignatius’ Academy, at Lafayette 
 and St. Paul’s Academy, at Valparaiso, Ind., and Sacred Heart Acade¬ 
 my, at Port Huron, Mich., each contributed one volume of papers on 
 Christian Doctrine, Bible History, arithmetic, algebra, grammar, rhetoric, 
 logic, literature, ancient, modern and United States history, geography, 
 physics, botany, geology, astronomy; St. Rose’s Academy, at Vincennes, 
 Ind., presented three volumes of the above branches, and, in addition to 
 them, papers on civil government, music, the literature of music, Church 
 History, map-drawing, also a handsome map of the Battlefield of Gettys¬ 
 burg; St. Simon’s Academy, at Washington, Ind., presented, in addition 
 to the subjects named above, a volume of music and a volume of draw¬ 
 ings from the model. 
 
 The exhibit of St. Mary’s Institute, Vigo County, which is the Mo¬ 
 ther House on which these other academies and schools depend, was so 
 varied, so extensive and so rich in lessons for the public, as to claim 
 special consideration. Extensive, for it comprised seventeen volumns 
 of class exercises and examination papers, treating, in a scholarly style 
 of the higher branches of mathematics, of each department of science, of 
 all the divisions of history, of language, literature and logic and the vari¬ 
 ous departments of Christian Doctrine and of the branches of intellectual 
 philosophy. Various, for besides the bound volumes there were dis¬ 
 played charts for the sciences, astronomy and geology; copies of the 
 School Journal, specimens of each department of drawing and painting, 
 also needle-work from every department. The lessons for the public are 
 manifest:—Thoroughness in every written page; skill and taste shown 
 in every picture and in every piece of needle-work. 
 
 The wall display included three exceedingly handsome water-color 
 charts, size about 28x30 inches, the one for Natural History presenting the 
 pictures of thirty-five animals, birds and insects ; another for Literature, 
 displaying eight beautiful illustrations of that subject, and the third for 
 Church History,bearing fifteen exquisite religious designs, also great names 
 and the statement of important facts inscribed in the daintiest of pen¬ 
 printing. Besides these charts, there were framed pictures as follows: 
 In oil, four religious subjects impressive and devotional; four landscapes, 
 all very pleasing, three of fancy subjects, pretty and imaginative; the scene 
 on Lake Erie from nature was the most attractive of the pieces in oil. 
 In addition to the above there were two crayon portraits of a Bishop and 
 a Pope, the Sacred Heart of Jesus in crayon, carefully executed; two 
 panels and five pictures in water colors, all beautiful flower pieces ; five 
 pictures in pastel, dainty and exquisite; two paintings on white watered 
 silk of flowers, rich and beautiful; two pearl paintings, a unique exhibit; 
 a specimen of Oriental painting, accompanied by brushes used; two spe¬ 
 cimens of water-color painting, executed in 1848-9; a handsome mirror, 
 decorated with painted studies of the Cactus family. The wall space 
 between the large pictures, also above and below them, was filled with 
 leaflets, about 10x12 inches in size, bearing beautifully drawn and de¬ 
 licately colored illustrations of various branches of study; sixteen for 
 astronomy, fourteen for geology; seven, somewhat larger, displayed in 
 ornamental pen-work, poems and proverbs, daintily illustrated and 
 decorated in water colors. 
 
 The banner containing the painting of the wasp nest attracted very 
 particular attention. This vespiary was found in the woods, about a 
 mile north of the Convent of St. Mary, in December, 1892. Being much 
 admired by lovers of the curious, it had to pose for a picture, and the 
 ribbons which were to serve as writing tablets, posed also. As wasps 
 and hornets are fond of sugar, a sugar sack suggested itself for a back¬ 
 ground. The pupils of the geometry class had supposed the three and 
 a-half layers of cells were filled with fluid, and proceeded to verify their 
 supposition. Their solution of the problem was on the ribbon, together 
 with a history of the vespiary and a moral. This piece of handiwork 
 was an evidence of wise originality and formed a subject of much interest 
 to all who visited the exhibit of St. Mary’s of the Woods. 
 
 The needle-work included sacred vestments:—A Chasuible, a Stole, 
 a Burse and a Benediction Veil richly and exquisitely embroidered in 
 gold bullion; miscellaneous pieces:—three embroidered cushions, pillow 
 shams, furniture scarfs, embroidered panels, silk banner and samples of 
 plain sewing. 
 
 Several pieces of beautiful china painting were included in the art 
 display, and among the bound volumes was an album containing photo¬ 
 graphic views of the Institute. A number of charts, similar to those on 
 
 the wall, were ingeniously arranged on brass rods, made to revolve at the 
 top of a small wooden post, fattened at its base to a solid block; the 
 beauty and convenience of this invention recommended it strongly to all 
 teachers who saw it. 
 
 In the bound volumes, every subject was illustrated by pen, pencil 
 and brush. The gem of the collection bore the title “Landmarks of our 
 Language”; it contained biographical sketches of seven English authors, 
 quotations from them, criticisms of their works or comments on their 
 sentiments. The title pages were veritable works of art, so beautiful and 
 so correct was the pen work; the corners, too, of each page were filled 
 with pen drawings in exquisite taste. 
 
 A volume of Zoology, the work of one pupil only, and decorated by 
 her, with sepia, was illustrated in a style to make the book “ a thing 
 of beauty and a joy forever.” 
 
 One volume of history “Notes on the Middle Ages, ” was classed 
 under the following heads: Monastic Institutions, Chivalry, Crusades, 
 the Truce of God and Art, Religion and Science of the Middle Ages. It 
 was the work of one student, who gleaned her notes from the following 
 sources: Hallam’s “Middle Ages,” Gazeau’s “Middle Ages,” Montalam- 
 bert’s “ Monks of the West, ” Lingard’s “ History of England, ” Barnes’ 
 “Mediaeval Civilization,” Bahnes’ “European Civilization,” Gibbons’ 
 “ Histories, ” Fredet’s “Modern History,” Kearney’s “Compendium” 
 and various encyclopedias. 
 
 The handsome set of extension charts were truly original, and were 
 composed of sixteen plates. The first half hour with the telescope rep¬ 
 resented the heavens as they appeared January 22d, 1S93. 
 
 Two of the plates represented the heavens in miniature, located the 
 zodiacal constellations and those of the northern and southern hemi¬ 
 spheres, such as the parallelogram of Orion, the diamond of Virgo, etc. 
 
 On these same plates, the eight planets were located as they were 
 situated when the charts were designed. 
 
 The other plates represented the changes of the seasons, the tides, a 
 series of eclipses, parallax, equation of time, the solar system, the solar 
 arid sidereal day of the earth, solar and synodic revolutions of the moon, 
 astronomical constants, mutation of the earth’s axis, conjunction and 
 opposition of interior and exterior planets and other particulars of the 
 science. 
 
 The essays of the graduates should have been read by every visitor 
 to the Educational Exhibit, particularly by those who insist that convent 
 education is superficial and that Sisters’ pupils are not taught to think. 
 Those who produced the essays under consideration had to think, and to 
 think deeply, so deeply as to guard them from ever being shallow. 
 
 The display was greatly enhanced by the contributions from St. John’s 
 Academy, of Indianapolis. The exhibit of this institution was certainly 
 creditable. Ten handsomely bound volumes represented this institu¬ 
 tion ; one volume of miscellaneous class work, replete with solid thought 
 and originality; one volume of logic, metaphysics and ethics. This 
 book, the work of the Class of ’92, was pronounced one of superior merit. 
 A volume of literature, finely illustrated, reflected much credit and honor 
 on the institution, as did also the work in book-keeping, typewriting, 
 stenography and the essays of the Class of ’93. An Ancestral Souvenir , 
 which was an oil painting from still life and exhibited by this institution, 
 attracted considerable notice. 
 
 Three volumes of music illustrated the elementary principles and 
 theoretical exercises in harmony, transposition, score, periodic construc¬ 
 tion, phrasing, Gregorian chant, etc. One volume of original composi¬ 
 tions of the pupils contained a concert piece for the ten instruments 
 taught at the Academy : canon for violins, harp solo, vocal trio and 
 seven piano and vocal solos. It was a most exquisitely designed vol¬ 
 ume, the pen work alone was sufficient to prove that there was no dearth 
 of genius and ability in preparing the work, that evidenced the fine edu¬ 
 cational facilities afforded at St. Mary’s of the Woods. 
 
 Aside from these, the Sisters of Providence were represented in the 
 Diocesan Exhibits of Chicago, Detroit and Ft. Wayne, which will be 
 treated when describing the exhibits of these Dioceses. 
 
 Judging from their exhibit, wherever the Sisters of Providence teach, 
 there is a special Providence to direct educational events. 
 
 What St. Mary’s and its devoted Sisterhood have done for the young 
 people of American birth and for those of French origin, the Franciscan 
 Sisters, located at Oldenburg, have done for those of German origin, of 
 both foreign and American birth. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Francis having their Mother House at Oldenburg, 
 
 37 
 
Indiana, presented a handsome collective exhibit which reflected credit 
 upon the Franciscan Order and upon the Diocese of Vincennes. 
 
 One academy and sixteen parochial schools of the Diocese of Vincen¬ 
 nes, one of the Diocese of Covington, one of the Diocese oi St. Louis and 
 four of the Diocese of Cincinnati contributed to the display, which were:- - 
 The Academy of the Immaculate Conception, at Oldenburg, and St. 
 John’s, at Dover; St. Mary’s, at Evansville; St. Bridget’s and St. Mary’s, 
 at Indianapolis; St. Lawrence’s, at Lawrenceburg, St. Anthony’s, at 
 Morris; St. Paul’s, at New Alsace; St. Mary’s, at Oldenburg , St. Mary's, 
 at Rushville; St. Joseph’s, at Shelbyville; St. Peter’s, at St. Peter; St. 
 Wendcl’s, at St. Mendel; St. Martin’s, at York ville; St. Michael’s, at 
 
 ture, botany, rhetoric, mythology, chemistry and Christian Doctrine 
 were particularly pleasing. 
 
 These subjects were so well handled, so thoughtfully treated and 
 the penmanship was so clear and so pretty, as to render the perusal of 
 these volumes a real pleasure. 
 
 'Phe specimens of elegant grade work from the parish schools, with 
 the papers on civil government and business forms, threw additional 
 luster on the academic work, so worthy in itself, for the proficiency that 
 would not be surprising in an academy pupil, justly wins high praise 
 for the younger pupils of a day school. 
 
 The wall display consisted of a portrait of Rev. Father Randolph, sev- 
 
 COLLECTTVE EXHIBITS FROM 
 
 SISTERS OF ST. FRANCIS, OLDENBURG, IND., AND SISTERS 
 
 OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE, CASTRO VILLE, TEXAS. 
 ALCOVE NO. 66. 
 
 Brookfield; St. Andrew’s, at Hamburg and St. Mary’s, at Milhausen, all 
 of Indiana ; St. Aloysius’, at Delhi, O.; St. Charles’, at Carthage, 0.; St. 
 Bonaventure’s and St. Michael’s, at Cincinnati, 0.; St. Aloysius’, at Cov¬ 
 ington, Ky., and Holy Trinity, at St. Louis, Mo. The exhibits were 
 comprised in twelve volumes of class work, common and high school 
 branches and several volumes of excellent drawings. , 
 
 The principal part of the exhibit, as to the number of objects and 
 the beauty of the needle-work, came from the Academy of the Immacu¬ 
 late Conception, Oldenburg, Ind., and consisted of sixteen volumes of 
 very orderly and methodical work in common school, high school and 
 academic branches. The papers in physiology, natural history, litera- 
 
 eral landscapes in oil, two panels in oil, pastel paintings and free-hand 
 drawings. The portrait and the two panels, both representing flowers, 
 the form and tints of which were beautifully reproduced, are to be seen 
 at the head of alcove 66, as shown in the illustration. On each side wall 
 are the landscapes and pastel pictures. The needle-work display com¬ 
 prised a very rich and handsomely embroidered set of vestments, books 
 containing specimens of fancy work, and a glass case in which were dis¬ 
 played larger and more elaborate pieces of fancy work and a child’s 
 outfit. 
 
 The vestment can be very distinctly seen in the illustration and so 
 clearly are the pieces of fancy work portrayed, it is needless to enter 
 
into the details of their great beauty and finish. The book or album, 
 presenting specimens of fancy work, which is one of those lying open as 
 shown in the accompanying picture, was filled with a bewildering variety 
 of embroidery and lace patterns on silk, velvet and cloth of many kinds, 
 displaying the many different kinds of stitches that have such charms 
 for the skillful fingers of the lovers of needle-work. 
 
 The handsome outfit for a child, shown in the large glass case, be¬ 
 longed to the Franciscan Sisters’ exhibit, as did all the beautiful pieces 
 in the ease. The large oil paintings of landscapes and the dainty pic¬ 
 tures in pastel that graced the wall of the alcove, were from the Olden¬ 
 burg Academy which won, through them, many kindly comments. 
 
 A particularly interesting volume in the exhibit of this academy was, 
 “Honey Combs from the Hybla Bee,” well written and excellently 
 composed essays on various subjects, some of them quite amusing, and 
 their treatment truly witty and entertaining. “The Hybla Bee” is the 
 School Journal, written, not printed, making it easy to detect frauds 
 and assuring the examiner that the contents of this admirable little 
 paper are, what the contents of every school journal should be, the work 
 ot the pupils, the result of their unaided efforts. 
 
 We wish the ‘‘Hybla Bee,” and the idea behind it, a wide circula¬ 
 tion. 
 
 The Sacred Heart School, at Indianapolis, which presented an 
 exhibit of three volumes of excellent grade work, on common school 
 branches, grammar, arithmetic, German, botany and geography, is in 
 charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph. 
 
 St. John’s and St. Patrick’s Schools, of Indianapolis, are taught by 
 the Brothers of the Sacred Heart; they exhibited seven volumes of pa¬ 
 pers on academic and commercial work:—book-keeping, business forms, 
 graded penmanship, letter-writing, arithmetic, geography, algebra, geom¬ 
 etry and United States History. All were treated after the most highly 
 approved methods. 
 
 In the Diocese of Vincennes, the Benedictine Fathers have two col¬ 
 leges: Jasper College, at Jasper and St. Meinrad’s College, at St. 
 Meinrad; the exhibit comprised volumes of daily exercises and examina¬ 
 tion papers in Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, algebra, ancient 
 and modern history, geometry, trigonometry, logic, natural philosophy, 
 physiology, Bible History, English composition,- German, Latin, phono¬ 
 graphy, mental and moral philosophy, moral theology, commercial law 
 and book-keeping, German and Latin translations and “Papers on the 
 Decalogue and Scriptures” (English and Latin). All presented first-class 
 work. 
 
 The papers on Christian Doctrine were very methodically executed ;. 
 the serious subjects, made interesting and attractive bv able teachers, 
 had impressed themselves upon the youthful minds of the students in a 
 pleasing, rather than in a dull and over-solemn style. The various 
 branches of mathematics were presented in a lucid manner that augured 
 well for the class-room exercises of the preceding year. The natural and 
 the physical sciences had evidently been made an important part of 
 the student’s work as a mental discipline, and as a means, next to 
 sacred science, of elevating the mind to God. The compositions showed 
 the care that had been given to the acquirements of correct habits of ex¬ 
 pression, and still better, to proper habits of thought. The work in 
 phonography, book-keeping, commercial law and various business 
 forms, showed the practical nature of the education given by the Bene¬ 
 dictine Fathers and proved them to be “up to the times.” 
 
 Now it may interest the reader to take a long trip in spirit, to cross 
 many a State and many a stream, to reach the far Southwest and judge 
 of educational methods as they are pursued in Texas; hence we will ex¬ 
 amine the exhibit of the institutions in charge of the Sisters of Divine 
 Providence. 
 
 In the Diocese of San Antonio, Texas, at the time of the great Ex¬ 
 position, there flourished under the fatherly care of Rt. Rev. J. C. Neraz, 
 D.D., nine academies that rivaled Eastern institutions in thoroughness, 
 in advancement of educational practices and in learned acquirements, to 
 judge from the work displayed by them in the educational exhibit. 
 
 These abodes of learning are in charge of the Sisters of Divine Prov¬ 
 idence, who came originally from St. Jean Bassel, Lorraine, France, 
 in 1868. This community presented a collective exhibit from twenty- 
 nine institutions: — the nine academics and twenty parish schools, 
 all contributing to make alcove 66, as our illustration proves, brilliant 
 with beautiful work. 
 
 Besides the admirable class work, bound prettily and tastefully dec¬ 
 
 orated, there were pieces of exquisite needle-work, including raised em¬ 
 broidery and crochet lace of numberless patterns, also a number of 
 banners and several paintings. 
 
 The Academy of Divine Providence, Castroville, presented papers on 
 Christian Doctrine, orthography, arithmetic, grammar, geography, 
 United States History, Bible History, with' specimens of letter-writing 
 and of drawing. One of the special features of this exhibit was a large 
 bound volume of needle-work, prepared by eleven schools of Texas, 
 each school contributing from one to three pages. 
 
 The work included in this volume was from the following schools:— 
 Parochial School, at Bernardo Prairie; St. Mary’s, at Columbus; St. 
 Edward’s, at Dubina; St. Mary’s, at Ellinger; SS. Peter and Paul’s, at Freeh 
 ricksburg; St. Joseph’s, at Galveston; St. Roches’, at Mentz; SS. Peter and 
 Paul’s, at New Braunfield; St. Paul’s, at Sedan; St. Rose’s, at Schulenburg, 
 and St. Michael’s, at Weimar. 
 
 A painting of the Mother House, Novitiate and vicinity is represented 
 on the wall, at the right, and is accompanied by the appearance of a 
 beautiful white silk banner that bore the titles and the names of loca¬ 
 tions of the many houses of the Sisters of Divine Providence “In the 
 New World and in the Old,” as the inscription stated. This beautiful 
 piece of work gave the examiner a fair and a gratifying idea of how re¬ 
 ligion and science are sheltered in far-away Texas. From this institu¬ 
 tion came the banner of raised embroidery also, and ten pages of speci¬ 
 mens of needle-work for the bound volume mentioned above. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Convent, Clarksville, sent the painted scarf, the painted 
 celluloid handkerchief case, the celluloid banner, with “Hail Columbia” 
 inscribed on it, and seven albums of essays, besides papers on mathe¬ 
 matics. 
 
 St. Mary’s Convent, Jefferson, sent the key-holder with its pretty 
 design of a violin embroidered on it, also the knit cape. Another 
 painted scarf, made of plush, came from St. Mary’s Convent, Palestine, 
 besides five volumes of essays and several specimens of fancy needle¬ 
 work. 
 
 St. Mary’s Academy, Natchitoches, La., sent eighteen books of class 
 work, linear drawing and map-drawing. 
 
 SS. Peter and Paul’s School, Pittsburg, Pa., contributed j>apers on 
 arithmetic, dictation and English and German compositions; St. Mary’s 
 Institute, Temple, Texas, sent essays and specimens of map-drawing; 
 St. Joseph’s Academy, San Antonio, sent the gold embroidered banner 
 that brightened the alcove, and three volumes of essays, also three vol¬ 
 umes of maps. 
 
 The following parish schools presented albums of essays and speci¬ 
 mens of fancy work:—St. Francis Xavier’s, at Alexandria and Sacred 
 Heart* at Pineville, La., Parish School, at Bernardo Prairie; St. Mary’s, at 
 Columbus; Parish School, at Danville; St. Edward’s, at Dubina; St. 
 Mary’s, at Ellinger; SS. Peter and Paid’s, at Fredrieksburg; St. 
 John’s, at Freiburg; St. Joseph’s, at Galveston; St. Mary’s, at High 
 Hill; St. Roches’, at Mentz; SS. Peter and Paul’s, at New Braunfield and 
 St. Paul’s, at Sedan, all located in the State of Texas; and St. Vincent’s, at 
 Sedalia, Mo. St. Louis’, of Castroville, Texas, presented, in addition to the 
 essays and the specimens of fancy needle-work, papers on mathematics, 
 history, biographies and three albums of drawings. St. Mary’s, of 
 Natchitoches, La., sent thirteen volumes of class work, one album of 
 drawings and four of map-drawing; St, Rose’s, of Schulenburg, Texas, 
 contributed one crochet cape, specimens of fancy needle-work, nine vol¬ 
 umes of essays and three albums of drawing; St. Joseph’s School, in the 
 same town, sent five volumes of essays and class exercises, nine albums 
 of drawing, three of free-hand drawing and several pieces of lace. 
 
 An oil painting of the Convent School at Clarksville, Texas, was 
 prominent. St. Michael’s School, Weimar, Texas, sent three bound 
 books of compositions, letters and specimens of needle-work. 
 
 The College of Notre Dame, of Maryville, Cal., conducted by the 
 Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, also exhibited in this alcove. 
 
 The beautiful books lying open, as seen on the left of the illustration, 
 were from this institution and consisted of work in Christian Doctrine, 
 Bible History, language, orthography, arithmetic, United States History, 
 geography, grammar, letter-writing, literature, rhetoric, Church History, 
 algebra, geometry, book-keeping, chemistry, needle-work, map-drawing, 
 tapestry and photographs of the pupils and school buildings, all of 
 which was greatly admired and justly held the attention of visitors. 
 
 The map of the United States in clay, and other specimens made 
 of the same material; also specimens of embroidery, free-hand drawing, 
 
stenography and typewriting, as well as a large photograph of Rt. Rev. 
 A. J. Glorieux, D.D., Bishop of Boise, were exhibited by St. Aloysius’ 
 Academy, of Lewiston, Idaho, which is conducted by the Sisters of St. 
 Francis. 
 
 Shall we weary the reader if we again turn towards the rising sun ? 
 The attraction is great—see—there in the distance, like some fair small 
 city, are clustered the buildings of Notre Dame University; but first we 
 will make the acquaintance of the Bishop and the Diocese that value and 
 possess this noble institution. 
 
 Fort Wayne was first known as Kiskakon, a French post at the junc¬ 
 tion of the St. Mary and St. Joseph Rivers. A priest is known to have 
 been there as early as 1749, and the very names of the streams indicate 
 that priests had been there at even an earlier date; but in 1846, when the 
 first Bishop was consecrated for the new Diocese of Fort Wayne, there 
 were only twenty churches, eleven secular priests and three Fathers of 
 the Holy Cross within its boundaries. 
 
 Right Rev. John Henry Luers, a native of Munster, Germany, was the 
 first Bishop of Fort Wayne; he found in the town, on his arrival, one 
 small frame church, in miserable condition, that was to serve as his 
 cathedral for the time being. The residence was somewhat more suit¬ 
 able, and within another year he had laid the foundation of a fine (iothic 
 cathedral; the cornerstone was laid by Archbishop Purcell, and before 
 the close of the year the edifice was completed. 
 
 RT. REV. JOSEPH RADEMACHER, D.D. 
 
 Catholics in other parts of the Diocese began then to show more zeal 
 and earnestness in the cause of religion; new churches became the order 
 of the day, they were erected in every town and were worthy of the faith 
 that called them into being. 
 
 Meanwhile, the Fathers of the Holy Cross increased rapidly in num¬ 
 bers and influence, and the Sisters of the same Order were detached 
 from the community in France and became an independent institute. 
 The Sisters of Providence opened a house in Fort Wayne and the Sisters 
 of the Precious Blood in Jay County. 
 
 Bishop Luers closed the grand record of his life suddenly, in 1871, 
 and in the following year Rt. Rev. Bishop Dwenger was consecrated to 
 fill the vacant See. The growth of the Diocese has been remarkable. 
 In 1878, there were 80,000 Catholics, 108 churches and 97 priests. 
 
 Bishop Dwenger died in January, 1898, and was succeeded by Rt. 
 Rev. Joseph Rademacher, who was installed in June of that same 
 year. 
 
 Bishop Rademacher is an American by birth, having begun his 
 earthly existence at Westphalia, Michigan, on December 3d, 1840. We 
 are assured that his early training was thorough and in every particular 
 desirable, since it was entrusted to the Benedictine Fathers. He studied 
 in preparation for the priesthood at St. \ incent’s College, Beatty, Pennsyl¬ 
 vania, made his theological course in St. Michael’s Diocesan Seminary, 
 near Pittsburg, and was ordained on August 2d, 1868, by Rt. Rev. Bishop 
 Luers, in the Fort Wayne Cathedral, where he was one day to officiate as 
 Bishop and himself ordain priests. For seven or eight years after his 
 ordination, he was in charge of the Catholics of Attica, Indiana, and sev¬ 
 eral small missions. For eighteen months he was pastor ot the church in 
 Columbia City ; from there he was sent to take charge of St. Mary’s Cha¬ 
 pel and remained there for eight yeai-s. During this time he performed 
 the duties of Chancellor of the Diocese, a position to which he had been 
 called by Bishop Dwenger. He was next appointed pastor ofSt. Mary’s 
 Church, Lafayette, Ind., in 1880. 
 
 When the See of Nashville was left vacant by the promotion of 
 Bishop Feehan to Chicago, Father Rademacher was chosen to fill the 
 vacancy, and was consecrated June 24th, 1883, by his predecessor. 
 
 In Nashville, Bishop Rademacher labored earnestly and most effi¬ 
 ciently for ten years. Then lie was recalled to the scenes of his early 
 labors, and to direct others as he himself had once been directed, and to 
 superintend the work that once filled his time, his mind and his heart. 
 It was a veritable “coming home,” and warmly did the clergy welcome 
 him, gladly did they co-operate in his strong and vigorous government 
 and his thorough administration of affairs. Fully and with deep plea¬ 
 sure does Bishop Rademacher realize that his efforts will be ably 
 seconded and his every undertaking encouraged by the clergy of the 
 Diocese, a most worthy and competent body of co-workers. 
 
 The Diocese of Fort Wayne now possesses one hundred and thirty- 
 three churches, nineteen chapels and fifteen stations served by one 
 hundred and forty-one priests, eighty-seven educational institutions, 
 and 10,068 children attending parochial schools. 
 
 When the enthusiasm of Catholic educators and of Catholic ecclesias¬ 
 tics of our favored land was waxing warmer daily, Bishop Dwenger of 
 Fort Wayne was not indifferent, but immediately appointed the following 
 Diocesan Committee on School Exhibits: Rev. August Seifert, C.P.P.S., 
 Rev. J. H. Oechtering, Very Rev. M. E. Campion, Secretary, and the 
 late Very Rev. P. C. Walsh, C. S. C. 
 
 This Diocese had an extensive exhibit comprising volumes from fif¬ 
 teen schools in charge of the Sisters of the Holy Cross ; three taught by 
 the Brothers of the Holy Cross; one by the Fathers of the Precious Blood; 
 three by the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ; three by the Sisters of 
 the Precious Blood; seven by secular teachers; seven by the Sisters of 
 St. Francis; eight by the Sisters of Providence; seven by the Sisters of 
 St. Agnes and three by the School Sisters of Notre Dame. The cities 
 and parishes represented were as follows: Fort Wayne, by St. Joseph’s 
 Cathedral (male and female), St. Mary’s, St. Patrick’s, St. Paul’s and 
 St. Peter’s; Academy, Ind., St. Vincent’s; Anderson, St. Mary’s; A villa, 
 St. Augustine’s; Columbia City, St. Joseph’s; Chesterton, St. Patrick’s; 
 Crawfordsville, St. Bernard’s; Crown Point, St. Mary’s and St. 
 Joseph’s; Decatur, St. Josepli’s; Delphi, St. Joseph’s; Earl Park, St. 
 Anthony’s; Elwood, St. Joseph’s; Ege, St. Mary’s; Elkhart, St. Vin¬ 
 cent’s; Fowler, St. John the Evangelist’s; Garrett, St. Joseph’s; Go¬ 
 shen, St. John’s; Hammond, St. Joseph’s; Hesse Cassel, St. John’s; 
 Huntingdon, SS. Peter and Paul’s; Kentland, St. John’s; Ivlaasville, 
 St. Anthony’s; Kokomo, St. Patrick’s; Lafayette,St. Ignatius, St. Mary’s 
 and St. Ann’s; Lagro, St. Patrick’s; La Porte, St. Rose’s; Logansport, St. 
 Joseph’s and St. Vincent de Paul’s; Michigan City, St. Mary’s and St. 
 Stanislaus’; Mishawaka, St. Joseph’s; Monroeville, St. Rose’s; Muncie, 
 St. Lawrence’s; New Corydon, Holy Trinity; New Haven, St. John the 
 Baptist ; Otis, Sacred Heart; Peru, St. Charles Borromeo’s; Plymouth, 
 St. Michael’s; Rensselaer, St. Joseph’s (a Normal Indian School) ; Shel¬ 
 don, St. Aloysius’; South Bend, St. Hedwige’s, St. Joseph’s and St. 
 Mary’s ; St. John, St. John’s ; Tipton, St. John’s ; Union City, St. Mary’s ; 
 Valparaiso, St. Paul’s; Winanxac, St. Peter’s and St. Vincent’s (Or¬ 
 phanage) at Fort Wayne. 
 
 Among these, the institutions that presented high school and acade¬ 
 mic work were as follows : Female Department of St. Joseph’s Cathe¬ 
 dral School, Fort Wayne; St. Joseph’s, Delphi; St. Charles’, Peru; St. 
 Paul’s, Valparaiso, in charge of the Sistei’s of Providence (Vigo Co.); 
 St. Bernard’s, Crawfordsville; St. Mary’s, Michigan City, in charge of 
 
 40 
 
Sisters of the Holy Cross. The volumes from these schools contained 
 beautifully written and very intelligently expressed information regard¬ 
 ing Sacred Science, algebra and geometry, physiology and botany, civil 
 government, history, physics, astronomy, literature and modern history, 
 rhetoric, logic, chemistry, philosophy, phonography, business forms, 
 physical geography and theory of music. 
 
 The papers contributed by the other schools mentioned were on the 
 studies, principally, of the seventh and eighth grammar school grades, for 
 example: Arithmetic, grammar, geography, United States History, 
 composition, book-keeping, orthography, physiology and Bible History. 
 
 The praise due to one of these schools is due to all, for all seemed 
 equally deserving of highest commendation. It is said that the Indiana 
 
 system of public schools is ranked very high by public school educa¬ 
 tors and we may well believe that the same thoroughness and excellence 
 of methods characterize the parochial schools of the State. 
 
 The great, far-famed University of Notre Dame is the center luminary 
 in the educational firmament of the Fort Wayne Diocese, and radiates 
 its light and the warmth of its elevating influences to every part of our 
 grand country. Under the zealous and efficient direction of the Fathers 
 of the Holy Cross, it affords to Catholic youth that “higher education” 
 which is the pride and the boast of our day. Here young men and 
 boys are educated in all that pertains to art, science and religion, the 
 system developing their most brilliant abilities and leading their 
 desires to the highest plane of noble living, training, transforming and 
 elevating the disposition and the character. 
 
 That is a worthy institution whose old scholars are enthusiastic in 
 their praise of it, happy in their memory of it, honored in their claim of 
 it as Alma Mater, particularly if those old scholars are men of judgment 
 and of good standing. It is a notable fact that clergymen educated at 
 Notre Dame, though ordained elsewhere, are always unvarying in their 
 admiration of the school, in their expressions of attachment to it and 
 their devotion to its welfare. 
 
 The exhibits of this institution are above and beyond any comments 
 of ours; we will be content with mentioning them as they were presented 
 in the spacious alcoves devoted to them. 
 
 Instantly the visitor was impressed by the full length portrait of 
 Very Rev. F. E. Sorin, C. S. C., the founder of the university, a figure 
 
 truly admirable, in dignified presence and venerable appearance. Ten 
 portraits in oil, of various personages honored by the Church in 
 America, graced the walls, and were the work of Professor Gregori and his 
 pupils of the “Notre Dame Art School.” The walls also displayed crayon 
 pictures, from life and from casts, by the students of Prof. Ackerman’s 
 class; a Topographical Survey of the University precincts, scale, 1:792, 
 drawn by class of 1893 ; blue prints and specimens of linear drawings 
 from the Institute of Technology, and photographs made by the class of 
 photo-micrography. Among the exhibits of practical mechanics, were 
 samples of iron work, by students in the first year of the course, and 
 among those from the Institute of Technology, were samples of work done 
 in wood by the pupils of that department. 
 
 At right of Father Sorin’s portrait, as shown in the illustration of 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME. NOTRE DA 
 ALCOVES NOS. 88 AND 40. 
 
 41 
 
alcoves 38 and 40, were the photographs made by the class of photo¬ 
 micrography. 
 
 On the shelf, below the portraits, were twenty-six volumes of the ad¬ 
 mirable School Journal, The Notre Dame Scholastic, illustrating the 
 work of pupils in the classes of English composition, giving evidence, at 
 the same time, of their proficiency in rhetoric, literature and belles lettres. 
 
 Specimens of books printed and published at Notre Dame gave as¬ 
 surance of successful study to students desiring a knowledge of the de¬ 
 lightful trades connected with book making. Bound volumes of the 
 Are Maria, printed and published at Notre Dame, also paintings and 
 lithographs illustrating the growth of Notre Dame, made a feature of 
 the exhibit; one would have desired to linger longer over the old copies of 
 Our Lady's Journal, always worthy, even of her great name. 
 
 It would be presumptuous to comment upon the volumes of jour¬ 
 nalistic work mentioned above. One of Notre Dame’s own professors 
 might dwell intelligently upon papers showing so great proficiency on 
 the part of their writers; we must leave them to the judgment of those 
 who have experienced so much pleasure in reading them. 
 
 It has not been our custom to refer very particularly to the photo¬ 
 graphs presented in the various exhibits, but in this case they are men¬ 
 tioned, piece by piece, because they were taken, printed and finished by 
 the students of Notre Dame, also because we thus give to our readers 
 some idea of the magnitude of the plan on which this institution is con¬ 
 ducted. .Since so many departments are included in the various courses 
 of instruction given, a young man finds here an opportunity to be fitted 
 for any trade or profession he may choose to be the avocation of his life¬ 
 time. 
 
 The interesting collection of pictures that appeared in this ex¬ 
 hibit comprised photographs and souvenirs of persons dear to the 
 memory of Notre Dame; photographs of Gregori’s famous mural 
 paintings in the Columbian Gallery of Notre Dame and photographs 
 of the various colleges, halls and dormitories of the university. 
 
 Another collection of photographs, taken by members of Father 
 Alexander Keroch’s class, comprised one hundred and twenty views of 
 the Department of Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Photo¬ 
 micrography, Department of Electrical Engineering, of the Art Schools, 
 the Libraries, the Physical Cabinets, the Lecture Rooms, the Laboratory, 
 the Department of Natural Philosophy, the Law School, the College of 
 Music, the Gymnasium, the Institute of Technology, the School of 
 Manual Labor, the Normal School, the Chemical Department, the Ob¬ 
 servatory and the Theological Seminary of the Holy Cross, also of the 
 Literary, Athletic and Aquatic Associations. 
 
 The Catholic Reference Library (also of Notre Dame) displayed peri¬ 
 odicals as follows : Catholic Miscellany of 1822, Jesuit Literary of 1829, 
 Catholic Sentinel of 1825, The Pilot of 1826, the Freeman’s Journal of 
 1840, the Catholic Diary of 1833, the Catholic Telegraph of 1821, Le 
 Propagateur Catholique of 1843, the Catholic Mirror of 1849, the Cath¬ 
 olic Herald of 1833 and specimens of early Catholic magazines, pamph¬ 
 lets and rare books. 
 
 This exhibit, as a whole, reflected great credit on the University of 
 Notre Dame, since its Reverend Faculty did not become possessed of all 
 these treasures without liberal expenditure of cash and of untiring 
 energy. 
 
 The University of Notre Dame added to its personal display, as an 
 individual institution, another of general interest, belonging, as it were, 
 to the whole country, the Catholic portion of it at least, and this we 
 will now consider. 
 
 Under the auspices of the university whose exhibit we have just re¬ 
 viewed, there exists and flourishes a historical institute, for the preser¬ 
 vation of documents and relics pertaining to the growth and progress of 
 the Catholic Church in America. One department of this institute is 
 called “Bishops’ Memorial Hall,” and is devoted entirely to the memory 
 of distinguished prelates of the American Church than whom there is 
 not in the world a grander body of ecclesiastical personages. A second 
 department is reserved for memorials of illustrious laymen, whether 
 soldiers, statesmen or authors. The devout female members of the 
 Church have their memorial hall in heaven, we suppose, for we find no 
 mention of them anywhere hero below! With reason are the persons 
 connected with this historical institute proud of it, and highly gratified 
 are the educated Catholics of the country that such a collection of notable 
 objects exists. The place it filled at. the World’s Fair could have been 
 devoted to no better purpose, and the absence of these beautiful and 
 
 sacred objects would have been seriously felt, as an injury to the Cath¬ 
 olic exhibit. 
 
 Deep and reverent were the thoughts, profound and awe-inspiring 
 were the emotions with which the visitor paused in the midst of these 
 sacred memorials of the sainted dead, while on every side echoed the 
 voices and footsteps of the active, ambitious, successful living humanity, 
 rejoicing in the triumph of their genius and skill. Dim visions of half 
 forgotten events, in the early history of the Church in America, passed 
 before the mind’s eye, and the venerable forms of holy and heroic men 
 seemed to move at one’s side, while their voices murmured of the con¬ 
 trast between then and now. 
 
 A grand company of great souls was there represented, indeed; better 
 society one could not find, surely, even at the Columbian Exposition, 
 where all the great and the learned of our day assembled. The thinkers 
 of our time, who came to gain new ideas and to confirm old ones, might 
 well linger in the presence of these pictured groups of men, such as 
 Cardinal Manning, Archbishop Hughes, Archbishop Spalding, Bishop 
 England, Orestes Brownson and John G. Shea. Statesmen might learn 
 wise lessons from churchmen, such as many of these whose portraits 
 are before us, in this retrospective visit to alcoves 44 and 46, such as 
 Bishop Carroll, of colonial memory, Bishop Fenwick, Archbishop Ken- 
 rick, Cardinal Franchi, Cardinal McCloskey and Cardinal Simeoni. 
 Men of heroic mind would find congenial company among such spirits 
 as Cardinal Ledoehowski and Father Junipero Serra, while the virtuous, 
 the cultured, the well-bred and well-read of our visitors could not fail to 
 appreciate the gentlemanly and priestly qualities of those true noblemen 
 of God’s aristocracy on whose portraits were inscribed the names of 
 Bishop Egan, of Bishop Concannon, of Bishop Flaget, of Bishop Luers, of 
 Bishop Persico, of Bishop Chabrat, of Bishop Conwell, of Bishop 
 Kelly, of Archbishop Purcell, of Abbot Smith, of Bishop Cretin, of 
 Bishop Rosati and of Father Badin. 
 
 The collections of photographs of deceased prelates recalled many a 
 noble soul and many a grand life, while the manuscripts of the sermons 
 once uttered by earnest voices long silent, attracted the eye and held the 
 serious mind enthralled. 
 
 In the cases were I nc h a multitude of interesting objects one hesitates 
 to describe them all, yet is loth to omit any of them, since each has 
 a history of no small importance. Here were the gold embroidered and 
 jeweled mitres used by the first Bishops of Baltimore ; the Church, so 
 old, yet ever young, was in her infancy in America at that time, and 
 grave indeed were the thoughts that had their birth beneath those 
 mitres, and prophetic were the plans that had their origin within the 
 radius of the flashing beams of light radiating from those gems. Look 
 at this precious mitre that once pressed the brow of Archbishop Spald¬ 
 ing, honor enough for even so sacred a head-gear. Near it, is the Gothic 
 mitre designed by Pugin,—think of it!—designed by the great English 
 architect, an unusual employment of his wondrous skill, surely! Such 
 is the fact, however, and this remarkable mitre was worn by the noble 
 Archbishop Bayley, when he imposed the biretta rosa, on Cardinal Mc¬ 
 Closkey of holy, happy, loving memory. Our readers are aware that the 
 biretta rosa. is the red cap, sent by the Pope, to a newly-appointed Car¬ 
 dinal, and that it is the distinctive sign of his office. 
 
 In the large glass case so prominent in the illustration, appeared 
 forty or fifty gold-embroidered and jeweled mitres, once borne on vener¬ 
 able heads, during the most sacred ceremonies, recalling events that 
 edified earth and gave joy to heaven. 
 
 The dignitaries whose memories are recalled by these treasured mitres 
 are the first Bishops of Baltimore, Archbishop Spalding, Archbishop 
 Kenrick, Bishop Cardenas, Bishop Dubourg, Archbishop Odin, Arch¬ 
 bishop Perche, Bishop Verot, Bishop De La Hailandigre, Bishop Bazin, 
 Bishop de St. Palais, Bishop Conwell, Bishop Neumann, Bishop 
 Hendricken, Bishop Shannahan, Archbishop Hughes, Bishop Bacon, 
 Bishop Fitzpatrick, Bishop Galberry, Bishop O’Rielly, Bishop McFar¬ 
 land, Bishop Quartier, Bishop Foley, Bishop Loras, Archbishop Henni, 
 Bishop Cretin, Bishop Juncker, Bishop England, Archbishop Allemany, 
 Bishop Blanchet, Archbishop Seghers, Bishop Demars, Bishop Pellicer, 
 Bishop Miege, the first Trappist and the first Benedictine Abbots. 
 
 In this collection were almost numberless crosiers of every style and 
 of every variety of material, of gold-plated metal, of silver-plated metal, 
 of silver and ebony, of carved wood inlaid with mother of pearl, of silver 
 inlaid with gold and of carved wood inlaid with a variety of metals. 
 
 Countless rings and pectoral crosses were displayed; in the former 
 
 42 
 
many exquisite stones and carved gems, and in the latter a bewildering 
 variety of adaptations of the one sacred shape, a rich exhibition of gems 
 and precious stones. A crosier made of olive wood from the Garden of 
 Gethsemene, inlaid with gold, silver, ebony and ivory, and associated 
 with the memory of the first American Bishop, is indeed a treasure. 
 A pectoral cross and chain presented by one bishop to another, and 
 used by him in consecrating several bishops, is an object to be prized, 
 by reason of its sacred associations. 
 
 Who does not love the name and revere the memory of Archbishop 
 Kenrick? Here was his gold embroidered red velvet mitre, also his 
 gold plated crosier,—were they sentient beings, how delighted they 
 would have been; the one, to touch his venerable head, the other, to feel 
 
 American Bishop by Right Rev. Dr. Wormsley of England; it is made of 
 olive wood from the Garden of Gethsemene, inlaid with silver, mother 
 of pearl, ebony and ivory. 
 
 ‘ ‘The pen is mightier than the sword’ ’ is an expression which some 
 of our boys would distinguish with an Americanism meaning a certain 
 kind of nut! Yet we feel the force of the assertion as we see, in the 
 exhibit under consideration, the gold pen and holder used to sign the 
 decrees of the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore, and the gold pen and 
 holder used by Bishop Keane, when writing the statutes of the Catholic 
 University of America. The Council of Baltimore and the Catholic 
 University! What power! What force of faith and intellect—these 
 pens symbolize. 
 
 the touch of his firm, kindly, helpful hand! And here, in the midst of 
 America’s memorial relics, are objects associated with the names and 
 the persons of Pope Pius IX. and Pope Leo XIII. The former’s mitten 
 of white wool, awakening sentiments of sadness and regret, for it was 
 worn by him as lie gave his last blessing to the attendants surrounding 
 his death-bed,—near it was his red silk rochetta, worn by him at the 
 moment of his election as Pope. Ah!—how touching!—in this gold 
 casket are pieces of his cassock, his mantle and his surplice, also, 
 venerable relic indeed!—a lock of his hair. A chalice used by several 
 Popes and Cardinals, and a white silk rochetta worn bv Leo XIII. are 
 carefully treasured. “1524,” a long time ago! this gold chalice was 
 made in that year, and was afterwards presented by Bishop Borgess to 
 Archbishop Carroll. This handsome crosier was presented to the first 
 
 Several gold chalices used by Popes and Cardinals, Archbishops and 
 Bishops, on occasions of sublime meaning to the instructed faithful, and 
 a number of simple silver ones associated with missionary days, when 
 a martyr’s crown was in reach of the zealous priests who used them— 
 these were gazed at with reverence, and with a swift thought of their 
 sacredness. 
 
 Silken robes that once enveloped the forms of Pius IX. and of Leo 
 XIII., when fulfilling some grand function of their sublime office, had 
 about them a sentiment that appealed to minds that knew the right 
 thing to think of them. 
 
 In “Case No. 2 ” were five gold embroidered mitres, worn by Bishops 
 in Louisiana and Texas; pectoral crosses, chains and episcopal rings; 
 a silver mission chalice used by Archbishops in the days when they 
 
 43 
 
were not exempt from any of the privations of mission life; Archbishop 
 Leray’s pallium; decoration and cross of the Knights of the Holy 
 Sepulcher, presented to Archbishop Perche; the first Catholic Bible pub¬ 
 lished in the United States, in 1790; a Bible of 1805, used by Mother 
 Seton, first Sister of Charity in the United States; Catholic New Testa¬ 
 ment, published in English, 1682 ; silver cruets and salver used in the 
 Cathedral at New Orleans in the early days. The gold cross and chain 
 worn by Archbishop Eccleston and by Archbishop Elder, when they 
 were consecrated bishops, was in this collection. So, also, were two Ger¬ 
 man Bibles, one printed at Nuremberg, in 1470, and another printed in 
 1473, five months before the birth of Martin Luther. Yet we are told 
 there were no Bibles, until Luther introduced the sacred book to benigh¬ 
 ted Catholics. 
 
 the venerable Bishop Rappe. In this case there were, also, Bishop 
 Piaget’s wooden crosier and gold pectoral cross, silver and gold mission 
 chalices, gold lined silver ciborium, gold lined pyx (used on early mis¬ 
 sions of Vincennes), gold and silver chalices (used in early times by 
 missionaries in northern Indiana), the seal of Bishop Gilmore and sev¬ 
 eral objects formerly belonging to Bishops Brute and Luers. Daguerreo¬ 
 types and photographs of church dignitaries of Indiana and Kentucky 
 are the last objects to receive attention, as we turn to examine the con¬ 
 tents of “Case No. 4.” Here were mitres, formerly the property of Bishop 
 Fenwick, Bishop Rosecrans, Archbishop Purcell, Bishop Lel'evere, 
 Bishop Baraga and Bishop Borgess. The pewter chalice mentioned 
 above and used by the Jesuit missionaries of Michigan tells its own 
 story of abject poverty and noble self-sacrifice, for it the altar was so 
 
 BISHOPS’ MEMORIAL HALL—UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, INI). 
 ALCOVES NOS. 44 AND 46. 
 
 Among objects of little money value, but rich in memories, was a 
 pewter chalice used by the early Jesuit missionaries, a quaint old silver 
 pyx used by early missionaries in Ohio, a cane used by Rev. Prince 
 Galitzin, a few lines of St. Ligouri’s writing, the pen and holder used 
 by John G. Shea, when writing the last page of his history, and the pencil 
 used by Father Lambert, when writing his “ Notes Against Ingersoll.” 
 A collection of rare photographs and still rarer engravings of personages 
 connected with the Archdiocese of New Orleans completed the exhibit in 
 “Case No. 2.” 
 
 “Case No. 3” contained seven mitres, among which was a curious 
 one used by the first Bishop of Louisville, a handsome one presented to 
 an American Bishop by the Archbishop of Vienna and one worn by 
 
 poorly furnished, we shudder at the thought of what the Fathers’ depri¬ 
 vations must have been. Several crosiers are of silver and gold, also 
 chiseled silver and ebony. A pax, a deacon’s pax, a sub-deacon’s pax, 
 and gold embroidered gauntlets were, in addition to the above, the con¬ 
 tents of “Case No. 4.” 
 
 In “Case No. 5” was a jeweled mitre, a gift of Archbishop Ryan to 
 Bishop Conwell, also a mitre used by Bishop Neumann, and besides 
 these Bishop Egan’s gold plated cross and his gold embroidered 
 white gauntlets; there, too, was a silver chalice used by Prince Galitzin. 
 One experienced strange emotions of love and reverence, not usually 
 awakened by a name preceded by “Prince,” as one gazed on this chalice. 
 We hope no Catholic reader is ignorant of the life of this illustrious man 
 
 44 
 
we had almost written “saint.” But the Church has not yet pronounced 
 in his behalf the most powerful of all words, next to those in the Con¬ 
 secration in the Mass, the words which raises one of our fellow creatures 
 to the altars ol the Church, and gives him a just claim to the title of 
 “saint.” 
 
 To resume our list of interesting objects in No. 5—here was the epis¬ 
 copal ring of Bishop Conwell, the richly ornamented mitre of Bishop 
 Hendricken; a jeweled mitre worn by Bishop Shannahan; a cane used by 
 Prince Galitzin; silver and bronze medals from the Cathedral, Philadel¬ 
 phia ; bronze medals of Archbishop Wood and of St. Charles’ Seminary; 
 and last, photographs of notable Philadelphians. 
 
 “Case 6” presented rich, handsome mitres belonging once to Bishops 
 and Archbishops ol New A ork; the zuchetto, mosetta and biretta of 
 Cardinal McCloskey and Archbishop Hughes’ pectoral cross. It would 
 seem that, one privileged to handle the last named, might feel tingling 
 within his veins some of its grand old possessor’s spirit, energy and 
 spiritual force. 
 
 In “Case 7 were to be seen mitres worn by Bishops Quartier, Cretin, 
 Foley, Portier, Pelticer, Loras, Miege, S.J., Juncker and England. 
 Every one acquainted with the history of the Church in the United 
 States must behold with marked reverence any object belonging to 
 Bishop England; with his mitre one would wish to see his magic pen. 
 In this case there were, also, mitres once worn by Archbishops Henni, 
 Allemany and Blanchet, pectoral crosses and chains worn by Bishop 
 Van de ^ elde and Bishop O’Regan; episcopal rings worn by Bishop 
 O’Regan (amethyst), by Bishop Duggan (sapphire), by Bishop Flasch 
 (emerald, presented to him by Archbishop Henni), by Bishop Baltes 
 (plain) ; crosiers used by Archbishop Henni, by Bishop Loras, by 
 Bishop McMullen (presented to him by Archbishop Feehan); locks of 
 the hair of Bishop Smyth, Bishop Loras and Bishop Cretin. In the 
 above collection appears the copy lised by Archbishop Ireland, when he 
 delivered his famous address on the occasion of the Inauguration of the 
 World’s Congress Auxiliary, Chicago, 1893. 
 
 In “Case 8” were mitres, crosses, chains, rings, crosiers, seals, stoles, 
 vestments and ciboriums that once belonged to Bishop England, Bishop 
 Clancy, Bishop Reynolds, Archbishop Allemany, O.P., Bishop Garcia- 
 Moreno, Bishop O’Connell, Bishop Blanchet, Bishop Demars, Bishop 
 Gartland, Bishop Byrne, Bishop O’Gorman, Bishop Portier, Bishop 
 Pellicer and the murdered Archbishop Seghers. 
 
 Aside from the objects mentioned above, there were many relics of 
 Catholic soldiers, statesmen, missionaries, priests and members of re¬ 
 ligious orders. With what reverence did one look upon the vestment 
 worn by Father Marquette, the sword borne by General Shields through 
 two wars, tho souvenirs of the Seton family and of the Carroll family ! 
 
 Besides the life-sized portraits of church dignitaries, already men¬ 
 tioned, there were life-sized pictures of James A. McMaster, P. V. 
 Hickey, of John Boyle O’Rielly, Wm. Onahan, Orestes Brownson, Eliza 
 A. Starr, John Gilmary Shea and of Richard Clark. 
 
 A small collection of manuscripts, specimens of Papal Bulls and of 
 historical documents, with maps illustrating the labors of early mission¬ 
 aries, completed this exceedingly interesting exhibit for which the public 
 was indebted to the Notre Dame University of Indiana. 
 
 The objects are so clear in the illustrations that it is needless to refer 
 to them in a more particular manner. 
 
 We will now present our readers with a short biographical sketch of 
 the illustrious Archbishop of Cincinnati, Most Reverend William Henry 
 Elder, D. D., and also with his portrait. He was bom in Baltimore, Md., 
 in 1819, and was educated at Mt. St. Mary’s College, Emmittsburg, Md., 
 completing the same in the College of the Propaganda, at Rome. 
 After his ordination in 1846, he was appointed president and professor 
 of theology at Mt. St. Mary’s College, where his ability attracted notice 
 and he was appointed Bishop of Natchez, in 1857. 
 
 When the civil war was begun, he devoted all his energies to the sick 
 and wounded. Having refused to obey an order of the post-command¬ 
 ant at Natchez, in 1864, who insisted on his inserting in his ritual of wor¬ 
 ship a form of prayer for the President of the United States, he was 
 arrested and sent out of his Diocese to Vidalia, La.; but the order was 
 subsequently revoked. He labored fearlessly in aid of the yellow fever 
 sufferers in the epidemic of 1878, and was himself stricken down. 
 
 In 1879 he was named co-adjutor Archbishop of San Francisco, but 
 declined, giving as his reason that he could not leave his Diocese when 
 his people were suffering from yellow fever. In 1880 he was ordered by 
 
 the Pope to proceed as co-adjutor to Cincinnati, which Diocese had be¬ 
 come involved in great financial difficulties. He did so, still retaining 
 the administration of the Diocese of Natchez. 
 
 He presided over the Fourth Provincial Council of Cincinnati, held 
 in 1882, and on the death of Archbishop Purcell, he was made Arch¬ 
 bishop. He succeeded to the See of Cincinnati, July 4, 1883, and was 
 invested with the pallium, December 13th, of that same year. 
 
 When the Diocese of Cincinnati was found to be too extensive, the 
 Diocese of Cleveland was set off from it, and in 1847, was given in charge 
 to Rev. Dr. Amadeus Rappe, who was consecrated its first Bishop. 
 
 The new Diocese was better equipped than was usually the case in 
 those early days; it boasted thirty-three churches and sixteen priests, 
 also two religious communities, the Sisters of the Precious Blood and the 
 Sisters of Notre Dame. 
 
 Bishop Rappe was zealous in developing the resources of his Diocese 
 to meet the wants of an ever-increasing flock. He established St. John’s 
 College and St. Mary’s Ecclesiastical Seminary, in Cleveland, and in¬ 
 troduced the Ursuline Nuns, the Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Mary 
 and the Augustinian Sisters, 
 
 MOST REV. WILLIAM H. ELDER, D.D. 
 
 Gifted with a singular power of eloquence and able to speak several 
 languages fluently, yet Bishop Rappe devoted himself especially to the 
 poor, and to tho education of children. Every duty was exactly ful¬ 
 filled, every episcopal virtue cultivated and displayed. Under such a 
 Bishop religion flourished, and the cause of souls advanced in every 
 particular. After an administration of twenty-three years, his Diocese 
 numbered 100,000 members, boasted 160 churches and 107 priests. 
 Wherever there was a resident priest there was a Catholic school. 
 
 The following religious orders were admitted to the Diocese to follow 
 their special avocations, for the glory of God and the benefit of souls, 
 viz.\ Franciscans, Jesuits, Brothers of Mary, Gray Nuns, Sisters of 
 Humility of Mary, Franciscan Sisters, Hospital Sisters of St. Francis, 
 Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis. Sisters of the Good Shepherd 
 and the Little Sisters of the Poor. 
 
 Bishop Gilmore succeeded Bishop Rappe in 1872; under his ener¬ 
 getic control the Diocese continued to keep the headway and to obey the 
 impetus given it by Bishop Rappe. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Dr. Richard Gilmore having departed this life in April, 
 1891, Rt. Rev. Ignatius Horstmann was consecrated Bishop of Cleve¬ 
 land early in 1892. The Diocese now has 229 priests and 247 churches, 
 
 4S 
 
one seminary, one college, eight academies, 137 parochial schools, with 
 33,540 pupils attending them; nine orphan asylums, four homes for the 
 aged, six hospitals, one reformatory and one protectory, both for girls. 
 
 Born in Philadelphia, December 16,1840, Bishop Horstmann is now 
 55 years of age, in his prime and full of the spirit that animates a man 
 of ability at that period of his life. His parents were both natives of 
 Germany, but came to this country early in life, adapting themselves to 
 its requirements so readily and thoroughly as to become true Americans 
 before reaching middle age. Their son, with an unknown future of such 
 gracious qualities before him, began his education in a private academy, 
 conducted by Madame Charrier and her daughter, Mile. Clementine; 
 from this educational seclusion lie passed to the public school, and devel¬ 
 oped in the Mount Vernon Grammar School, the boyish traits that gave 
 promise of a remarkable manhood. Having finished the course of the 
 grammar grades with distinction, he was promoted to the Central High 
 School, from which he graduated in 1857 with an exceptionally high 
 average. It is claimed by former schoolmates of his, that he was 
 always at the head of his class. The Holy Spirit whispered to his heart 
 a divine call, and his inclinations turned to the priesthood as the most 
 
 RT. REV. IGNATIUS F. HORSTMANN, D.D. 
 
 desirable of vocations; hence he entered the Preparatory Seminary at 
 Glen Riddle, being one of its first students. 
 
 Archbishop Wood, of holy, happy memory, was highly pleased with 
 the aptitude for study manifested by the young aspirant, and being 
 much gratified, later, by the results of his unwearied application, his 
 Grace chose him as one of the first to be sent to the newly established 
 American College in Rome. As a Roman student he fulfilled the promise 
 of his school-boy days, and did not fail to take, in a short time, a foremost 
 rank in the classes of the Propaganda, winning a number of medals in 
 literary and oratorical contests. 
 
 At the termination of his very successful career in the American 
 College, he was elevated to the priesthood, in Rome, on June 10th, 1865, 
 by Cardinal Patrizzi. Having continued his studies in Rome, he won, a 
 year later, the degree of Doctor of Divinity. 
 
 On his return to Philadelphia, he was appointed in 1866 professor 
 of logic, metaphysics and ethics, as well as of German and Hebrew, in 
 St. Charles Borromeo’s Seminary. # 
 
 There he remained until the close of 1877, when he was appointed 
 pastor of St. Mary’s Church. This parish he managed admirably, with 
 ability and tact, drawing large congregations to hear his delightful dis¬ 
 
 courses, replete with learning and eloquence. So carefully did he man¬ 
 age the finances of the parish that when he lei’t it, after eight years, 
 there was a balance of 819,000 to the church’s credit. In September, 
 1885, he was appointed to succeed Rev. I). A. Brennan as Chancellor, an 
 honor that he very reluctantly accepted, but which' he sustained with 
 distinguished ability and success. 
 
 He was consecrated third Bishop of Cleveland, Ohio, Feb. 25, 1892, 
 by Archbishop Elder, in the Cathedral at Philadelphia. 
 
 His first pastoral letter related to schools, presenting his ideas of true 
 education and enforcing his desire that every Catholic child be placed in 
 a Catholic school. 
 
 It was not surprising then, that Bishop Horstmann took a very active 
 and efficient interest in the Catholic Educational Exhibit. That his 
 Diocese made an admirable display of its educational resources will be 
 shown in the descriptions that follow. 
 
 Indeed the exhibit from the Cleveland Diocese was a splendid monu¬ 
 ment to the State that has given so many great names to the American 
 roll of honor, and was, in fact, worthy of Ohio—birthplace of senators 
 and presidents. 
 
 Twelve volumes of profound papers on collegiate subjects, from the 
 students of St. Ignatius’ College, Cleveland, first attracted the attention 
 of the visitor to alcoves 31 and 33. They included the work of all 
 grades, from the brisk preparatory to the sedate and thoughtful graduate, 
 the former showing eager effort, and the latter displaying solid attain¬ 
 ment. The papers on the various branches of mathematics were a 
 delight to the eye, as well as a pleasure to the intellect, so beautiful were 
 the methods of execution. The other subjects, treated with as masterly 
 a style, were grammar, geography, sacred history, Christian. Doctrine, 
 general history, physics, the ancient languages, French, phonography, 
 composition, German and map-drawing. The penmanship was worthy 
 of the methods in other directions. In tire three large volumes from 
 the Ursuline Convent, Cleveland, were excellent class exercises on 
 mathematics, the three divisions of history, language and its accompany¬ 
 ing compositions, the natural and the physical sciences, rhetoric and 
 literature. Sacred Science was treated of under the head of Bible His¬ 
 tory, Christian Doctrine and Church Ceremonies. “An Analysis of 
 Balmes’ European Civilization” made an interesting study and must 
 have added much to the young students’ deeper thought. 
 
 The Ursuline Convent of Toledo, presented in nine volumes, Bible 
 History, catechism, arithmetic, grammar, essays, astronomy, rhetoric, 
 algebra, book-keeping, specimens of map-drawing and mechanical 
 drawing. The wall display included a large oil painting and five 
 pretty dainty kindergarten charts. Some of these can lie seen in the 
 illustration. There were also two vases, beautifully decorated by hand, 
 and six pieces of exquisite needle-work. The Ursuline Convent of 
 Tiffin presented six volumes of work on academic branches, excellent 
 papers on trigonometry, astronomy, philosophy, chemistry, mythology 
 and elocution, besides those on the lower branches and the divisions of 
 Sacred Science. The wall display of this institution was particularly 
 large and elegant, comprising six pictures in water colors, two in pastel, 
 six in crayon, two in charcoal, two in pencil drawing and one in oil. 
 Four paintings on china attracted much notice and praise, as did the 
 six pieces of lace of various patterns, and the richly embroidered vest¬ 
 ment shown in the illustration. A volume of kindergarten work showed 
 progress in this the best method of teaching the little ones of the school. 
 A number of pieces of plain sewing held their place becomingly among 
 the laces and embroideries. From the Ursuline Academy of Villa Angela, 
 Nottingham P. O., came eight volumes of admirable class exercises on 
 Christian Doctrine, Bible History, botany, scientific papers, arithmetic, 
 higher mathematics and literature, also albums containing a very pleas¬ 
 ing collection of drawings, paintings and etchings, and a portfolio of 
 drawings and botanical specimens. The beautiful wall display included 
 seventeen exquisite small paintings on celluloid, an ingenious and amus¬ 
 ing bit, “Yankee Doodle,” painted on chamois, a large cross on tapestry, 
 two dainty pastels, “A Winter Scene” and a “Lion’s Head,” two pretty 
 pieces in water color, “A House” and “A Grotto,” seven pictures in 
 crayon and six in charcoal. The zoology and physics papers from this 
 institution were beautified and made clear by large and exceedingly 
 elegant illustrations in pen-work. 
 
 The Ursuline Nuns displayed work from twelve parish schools, 
 namely: Of Cleveland, the Immaculate Conception School, the Female 
 Department of St. John’s Cathedral School, the Female Department of 
 
 46 
 
St. Mary’s, the Female Department of St. Patrick’s, both departments of 
 St. Joseph’s and St. Malachy’s Schools; of Tiffin, St. Mary’s and St. 
 Joseph’s; of Toledo, the Female Department of St. Francis de Sales’; 
 of Youngstown, St. Columlm’s, St. Joseph’s and the Immaculate 
 Conception Schools; each of these parish schools presented excellent 
 papers on Christian Doctrine, Bible History, arithmetic, algebra, 
 book-keeping, grammar, United States History, geography, spelling, 
 letter-writing, dictation, composition, map-drawing and linear drawing; 
 several of them gave, in addition to the above, papers on Church 
 History, rhetoric, physiology, general history, literature, German and 
 business forms; chief among the parish school displays of the Ursulines, 
 ranked that from the Female Department of St. Francis de Sales’ School, 
 
 Academy, Cleveland, and from the following Notre Dame parish schools: 
 Our Lady of Lourdes’, St. Adalbert’s, St. Francis’, St. Michael’s, St. 
 Peter’s and St. Stephen’s, all in Cleveland and from St. Mary’s and St. 
 Vincent’s, Akron; St. John’s and St. Peter’s, Canton; St. James’, 
 Delphos; Sf. Joseph’s, Fremont; St. Augustine’s, Napoleon; St. Paul’s, 
 Norwalk and St. Mary’s, Toledo. Each of these parish schools con¬ 
 tributed from one to three volumes of papers on the branches of the 
 intermediate and grammar school grades. Several of them gave, in 
 addition to these subjects, papers on the natural and the physical sciences, 
 higher mathematics, music and drawing, also exercises in the German 
 language; letter-writing and map-drawing were common to all the ex¬ 
 hibits, as, of course, was Christian Doctrine. 
 
 
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 CLEVELAND DIOCESAN EXHIBITS. ALCOVES NOS. 31 AND 33 . 
 
 Toledo, which comprised seventy-one albums on Christian Doctrine, 
 thirty-nine albums on modern history; three, physical geography; twenty- 
 seven, English literature; two, rhetoric; two, natural history; eleven, physi¬ 
 ology; seventy-one, arithmetic; fourteen, algebra; fourteen, geography; 
 fifteen, spelling and penmanship; twenty-seven large maps in drawing; 
 fifty-six small maps; two large maps for mounting; thirty-one albums 
 of grammar; forty-three of geography; thirty-one of music; twenty-nine 
 letter-writing; twelve, natural history; one volume of language exercises, 
 stories; one volume containing a delightfully written “Story of Toledo”. 
 Very excellent specimens of kindergarten work completed this extensive 
 display, and with them we close our feeble description of the Ursuline 
 exhibit which was worthy of the highest encomiums. 
 
 Not less worthy of commendation was the work from Notre Dame 
 
 Notre Dame Academy, mentioned above, gave an exhibit of class ex¬ 
 ercises in Christian Doctrine, Bible History, Church History, geography, 
 spelling, language, United States History, definitions, grammar, compo¬ 
 sition, rhetoric, literature, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, astronomy, 
 ancient history, zoology, physiology, theory of music, book-keeping and 
 drawing. The wall display consisted of one large oil painting, two wa¬ 
 ter colors, one crayon and a unique picture made of leather. 
 
 The Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Mary exhibited four volumes of 
 very creditable papers on grammar school work, from the Holy 
 Name School, Cleveland. The Sisters of St. Joseph. exhibited ten 
 volumes of papers, remarkable for good methods, on Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, Bible History, physiology, rhetoric, literature, book-keeping, his¬ 
 tory, arithmetic, language, dictation, geography, algebra, grammar, com- 
 
 47 
 
position, letter-writing, German, music, drawing and map-drawing. The 
 schools that produced this pleasing work were St. Augustine’s, St. Col- 
 man’s, St. Procopius’ and St. Wenceslaus,’ of Cleveland; St. Mary’s, of 
 Elyria; St. Mary’s, of Norwalk and Immaculate Conception School, of 
 Wellsville. 
 
 The Sisters of the Good Shepherd, having their convent in the city 
 of Cleveland, exhibited two embroidered infant's robes, two embroidered 
 brown silk capes, a satin work box, a pyx case, a sachet bag, a cush¬ 
 ion cover and a pillow slip, all richly ornamented with embroidery. 
 
 Four painted and prettily ornamented gold mottoes, from St. Jos¬ 
 eph’s School, Monroeville, 0., were the work of pupils of the Sisters 
 of St. Francis. 
 
 The Brothers of Mary were represented by exhibits from the Male 
 Department of St. John’s Cathedral School, by thirteen volumes of Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, mechanical drawing, geography, map-drawing, letter¬ 
 writing, dictation and composition. The drawings, the maps and the 
 compositions were especially meritorious. 
 
 The Male Department of St. Mary’s Assumption School presented three 
 volumes on the same subjects as above, which were equally well treated. 
 St. Patrick’s School, also in Cleveland, contributed sixty-two volumes of 
 papers on higher branches, algebra, book-keeping, history, business forms, 
 commercial arithme¬ 
 tic, mechanical pro¬ 
 blems and drawing. 
 
 The illustrated pro¬ 
 blems and the neat 
 business forms were 
 very attractive. 
 
 The Sisters of the 
 Humility of Mary, of 
 St. Mary’s Annuncia¬ 
 tion School, Cleveland, 
 had a volume of draw¬ 
 ings and compositions 
 that reflected credit on 
 them and their pupils. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Fran¬ 
 cis, conducting St. 
 
 Stanislaus’ School, 
 
 Cleveland; Holy Trin¬ 
 ity School, Avon ; St. 
 
 Mary’s, Bellevue; St. 
 
 .Joseph’s, Galion and 
 St. Peter’s, North 
 Ridgeville, had nine 
 volumes of neat, studi¬ 
 ous work on the gram¬ 
 mar school branches. 
 
 Creditable exhibits, 
 two volumes each on 
 grammar school work, 
 came from six schools 
 taught by seculars, viz.: 
 
 —St. Joseph’s, Ashta¬ 
 bula; Our Mother of Sorrow’s School, Ashtabula Harbor ; St. Michael’s, 
 Findlay ; St. Wendelin’s, Fostoria; SS. Philip and James’ School, Fulton 
 Canal and St. Mary’s, Massillon. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Dominic, of Defiance, whose school is under the 
 patronage of “ Our Lady of Perpetual Help,’ ’ presented six volumes on 
 grammar school and high school work, notable for excellent penman¬ 
 ship, and for the pupils’ earnest endeavors to decorate their papers, giv¬ 
 ing them a holiday appearance, and showing on the part of the young 
 students an appreciation of the greatness of the occasion. The meth¬ 
 ods displayed were worthy of special approval. 
 
 The Christian Brothers, in charge of the Male Department of St. 
 Francis de Sales’ School, Toledo, contributed a display worthy of their 
 high reputation as teachers. It consisted of forty-five albums of history; 
 fifteen of book-keeping; eighty of arithmetic; one hundred and two of 
 beautiful specimens of penmanship; twenty-seven of compositions, mod¬ 
 els of correct style and sentiment; sixteen of problems in mensuration, 
 looking like pictures, so daintily were they expressed; ninety-five of 
 spelling, abbreviations and geography ; fifty-four of Christian Doctrine, 
 
 deep and interesting; a collection of large and small maps, nearly two 
 hundred in all, were beautifully executed. 
 
 Cleveland’s extensive and highly creditable exhibit was completed 
 by the following work :—Two very excellent volumes of grammar school 
 work from the Sisters of the Precious Blood, Catholic District School, 
 Glandorf and St. Peter’s School, Ottawa; and one of special merit, contain¬ 
 ing eighth grade work, from the Sisters of Charity (Mt. St. Joseph), St. 
 Rose of Lima’s School, Lima; also three, containing admirable high 
 school work, from the Sisters of Charity, St. Bridget’s School, Mt. St. 
 Joseph, 0., and two volumes of excellent eighth grade and high school 
 work from the Ladies of the Sacred Heart, of Holy Angels’ and 
 St. Paul’s Schools, Sandusky. As we examine the illustration, we see the 
 portrait of Bishop Horstmann in a prominent position between the two 
 alcoves containing his exhibit. Below the portrait, and around it, are 
 some exquisite small pieces of art contributed by the pupils of the Ursuline 
 Nuns. Within the alcove may be seen the vestment, also the crayon, 
 pastel and the water colors on celluloid, from the Ursuline Academy, of 
 Tiffin ; the paintings and etchings, from the Ursuline Academy, of Villa 
 Angela, 0., and from the Ursuline Academy, of Toledo, the ten 
 astronomical charts, illustrating the facts of the science with white 
 lines on a blue ground, also the four constellation charts on celluloid, 
 
 finished with decora¬ 
 tions of flowers painted 
 in the corners of each 
 chart. Some of the 
 paintings that are seen 
 on the walls were from 
 the Notre Dame Acad¬ 
 emy, Cleveland, and 
 others from the Ursu¬ 
 line Academy, Notting¬ 
 ham. The cross in tap¬ 
 estry that can be seen 
 so plainly, was also 
 from the Nottingham 
 Ursuline Academy. 
 
 The rich and hand¬ 
 some fancy work lying 
 about in such profu¬ 
 sion, was contributed 
 by the Sisters of the 
 Good Shepherd. The 
 unique picture of the 
 “ Landing of Colum¬ 
 bus” came from the 
 hands of the Sisters of 
 the Humility of Mary, 
 Villa Maria, Pa., and 
 was embroidered with 
 hair from the Arch¬ 
 bishops and Bishops 
 in the United States. 
 0 n e Bishop excused 
 himself for not contribu¬ 
 ting any hair on the, ground that he could not spare any. The picture 
 needs no description, the illustration shows it so clearly; but the taste 
 with which the various colors of the hair were used could be evident only 
 to those who saw the original. 
 
 We will now move westward and visit Detroit. 
 
 In the dear old Catholic city of Baltimore, with its fair colonial 
 memories, was born, on the 5th of November, 1883, the present Bishop 
 of Detroit, the youngest of a family of seven. To be one of a large family 
 of brothers and sisters has a humanizing effect, and puts plenty of heart 
 into a character to balance the head. Rt. Rev. J. S. Foley, brother of Rt. 
 Rev. Thomas Foley, formerly Bishop of Chicago, grew up among his many 
 brothers and sisters, a quiet studious boy, who early manifested a voca¬ 
 tion for the priesthood. He acquired his classical education in St. 
 Mary’s College, in his native city, graduating at the early age of seven¬ 
 teen. He then began his course in theology, and three years later received 
 minor orders. Having been thus far successful in the attainment of his 
 highest hopes, lie went to Rome and had the distinction of being the 
 first American student enrolled at the Roman Diocesan Seminary, where 
 
 LANDING OF COLUMBUS. 
 
 ARTISTIC PICTURE MADE FROM HAIR OF THE ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS 
 OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
he distinguished himself as a scholarly young man full of promise, and 
 won a reputation for acuteness of reasoning and sharpness of intellect, 
 with results such as had been anticipated by those who had been ac¬ 
 quainted with his college career in his native country. The mighty 
 graces and powers of ordination were conferred upon him in the Eternal 
 City, in 1846, on November 20th, but, with laudable ambition, he spent 
 another year in study, that he might win the 
 Doctor’s cap. He did win it, taking his degree 
 of Doctor of Divinity one year after he was 
 ordained. 
 
 ' On his return to America, he began fulfilling 
 the grave duties of the priesthood; his first 
 mission was an arduous one, that of Cantonville, 
 with the out missions of Port du Pont and 
 Harve du Grace, Md. 
 
 Under both Archbishop Spalding and Cardi¬ 
 nal Gibbons, he held various positions of trust, 
 with satisfaction to all concerned. 
 
 When Bishop Burgess resigned his Diocese, 
 in 1887, and retired to a more quiet and a 
 thoroughly irresponsible life, Father Foley was 
 chosen to succeed him. Having accepted the 
 heavy burden of an honor loaded with responsi¬ 
 bilities, he was consecrated Bishop of Detroit, 
 on November 4th, 1888, by Cardinal Gibbons. 
 
 November seems to have been his month of 
 good fortune. 
 
 Of Father Foley’s career as a Bishop, it is 
 needless to make statements; his life has been 
 one of public activity and of zealous efforts; his 
 deeds need neither description nor advocacy, 
 neither comment nor defense. The history of 
 his Diocese, with the record of its progress, un¬ 
 der his able care, speaks volumes for his ad¬ 
 ministration. 
 
 Detroit w'as the scene of many a lively suc¬ 
 cession of events in colonial days, for here was 
 founded Fort St. Joseph as early as 1688, and 
 here did the Jesuit missionaries assemble their 
 
 red converts for instruction, and for attendance at divine service. Here 
 was St. Anne’s Church three times rebuilt, after being burned by dis¬ 
 contented Indians, and here the Holy Sacrifice was offered and the 
 sacraments administered during all the stirring scenes of the last struggle 
 of the French, during Pontiac’s War. 
 
 In 1833, the Diocese of Detroit was created, and the Very Rev. Fred¬ 
 erick Reze, a native of Hanover, Germany, was consecrated at St. Louis, 
 by Bishop Rosati, as its first incumbent. 
 
 Bishop Reze, the first of German birth to hold a See in America, ap¬ 
 pealed to Catholic Germany for help, for not only were funds needed, but 
 laborers for the harvest. There were five churches, at the time, attended 
 by Rev. Stephen Baden and by the well-known Italian Dominican, Rev. 
 Samuel Mazzuchelli, founder likewise of the earliest parishes in the Di¬ 
 oceses of Green Bay and of La Crosse. The appeal to the old country 
 resulted in the arrival of a number of Redemptorist Fathers and a 
 community of Nuns of the Poor Clares of St. Francis. Bishop Reze hav¬ 
 ing resigned the Diocese, Bishop Paul Lefevre, a Belgian, was consecra¬ 
 ted, at Philadelphia, in 1841, as his successor. 
 
 Bishop Lefevre was exceedingly zealous and prudent; soon religion 
 made steady progress, and education was greatly advanced by the efforts 
 of the Ladies of the Sacred Heart, the Sisters of Notre Dame, the Sisters 
 of Charity and the Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, also by the 
 labors of the Christian Brothers. 
 
 Bishop Lefevre drew many of his most efficient co-laborers from 
 Belgium, and it was their success in the American field that suggested 
 to Archbishop Spalding, of Baltimore, the idea of an American College in 
 Belgium, where priestly vocations might be nurtured for the Church in 
 the New World. 
 
 In 1857, only the lower peninsula of Michigan constituted the Dio¬ 
 cese of Detroit; it contained fifty-six churches, in which officiated forty- 
 three priests. When Bishop Lefevre died twelve years later, the 
 churches had increased to seventy-five, and the priests had doubled in 
 number. The old Catholic city of Detroit could boast of a cathedral, 
 seven churches, a chapel for Hollanders, a chapel for Flemings also one 
 for colored people; a Redemptorist convent, a community of Ladies of 
 the Sacred Heart, one of Sisters of Charity and one of Sisters of Im¬ 
 maculate Heart of Mary, also one of Christian Brothers. 
 
 In his fifty-sixth year, Bishop Lefevre died," holy, simple and self- 
 sacrificing as he bad been in life, spending his last days and laying down 
 
 DETROIT DIOCESAN EXHIBITS. ALCOVE NO. 39. 
 
 49 
 
his honorable burdens in a hospital founded for and devoted to the use of 
 the poor. In the following year, 1870, Rt. Rev. Caspar Borgess was conse¬ 
 crated, and appointed co-adjutor to Bishop Reze, who was still living. As 
 administrator to the Diocese, Bishop Borgess was untiring in his zealous 
 activity, which resulted in the rapid spiritual and temporal advancement 
 of his sacred charge. His resignation, in 1887, created a vacancy, which 
 Rev. J. S. Foley was called upon to fill. A tribute to his ability, his zeal 
 and his success has been paid already, in our brief biographical sketch 
 of the fourth Bishop of Detroit. 
 
 The Diocese of Detroit was represented, at the great Fair, by a small 
 but choice exhibit from three academies, one commercial school and one 
 parochial school. The preceding sketch shows how many schools did 
 not respond to the invitation of their Bishop to do honor to the Diocese 
 by a display of their work. All the more credit is due to those who did 
 respond, and these were the Polish Felician Sisters, the Sisters of the Im- 
 
 MADONNA AND CHILD. 
 
 EMBROIDERED IN GOLD AND PRECIOUS STONES; EXHIBITED BY THE POLISH 
 FELICIAN SISTERS, ST. MARY’S INSTITUTE, DETROIT, MICH. 
 
 maculate Heart of Mary, the Sisters of Providence and the Christian 
 Brothers. St. Joseph’s Commercial School, of Detroit, in charge of the 
 Christian Brothers, almost filled the alcove with its fine exhibit of linear 
 and free hand drawings; its business forms and book-keeping blanks were 
 filled with such beautiful penmanship and displayed such admirable 
 correctness in the columns of figures as to charm the eye. Besides 
 this work, this institution sent delightful examination papers on 
 all the branches comprised in a practical course for young men; 
 excellent expositions of Christian Doctrine proved the superiority 
 of the Christian school to any other. From this institution also 
 came five cases of “Aids to Object Lessons,” collections of various 
 materials used in the manufacture of fabrics and assortments of woods, 
 stones, paper, cloth and metals; with these were arranged fifteen speci¬ 
 mens of marble, and on the wall of the alcove were hung ten framed 
 drawings and one large crayon picture, all remarkable for true artistic 
 skill and taste. 
 
 In addition to the above, St. Joseph’s School presented excellent pa¬ 
 pers on Christian Doctrine, grammar, geography, history, United States 
 History, Bible History, arithmetic, spelling, correspondence, composi¬ 
 tion and commercial law, making sixteen volumes in all, with sixty- 
 five book-keeping blanks. These exhibits may be readily distinguished 
 in the illustration, so clearly are all objects portrayed. 
 
 St. Mary’s Academy of Monroe, in charge of the Sisters of the Im¬ 
 maculate Heart of Mary, contributed twelve volumes of papers on 
 academic studies, including typewriting and stenography; two herbaria, 
 one album of pretty specimens of needle-work and one folio containing 
 one hundred and fifty art studies. 
 
 It included papers on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, language, es¬ 
 says, poems, history, geography, mental science and botany. This en¬ 
 tire display was one the teachers could be proud of, onerto bring delight 
 to the heart of the Bishop. 
 
 The same may be said with justice of the work from the Sacred Heart 
 Academy, Port Huron, prepared under the direction of the Sisters of 
 Providence, from St. Mary’s of the Woods, who also had a contribution 
 from St. John’s School, Ypsilanti, Mich. 
 
 These schools displayed three volumes of Christian Doctrine, Bible 
 History, arithmetic, algebra, *three departments of history, the natural 
 and the physical sciences, literature, rhetoric and etiquette. 
 
 The Felician Sisters of St. Francis from St. Mary’s Institute, Detroit, 
 presented work that was particularly interesting, because much of it was 
 in the Polish language and prepared according to the methods of the 
 Polish schools. The studies thus treated were of the grammar grades, 
 and were compi'ised in six volumes of Christian Doctrine, penmanship, 
 drawing, book-keeping, grammar, geography, compositions, history, 
 science, United States History, Polish History, Bible Plistory and Polish 
 Grammar. 
 
 Twenty pieces of fancy needle-work, rich in materials and exceed¬ 
 ingly handsome in ornamentation, were displayed; each piece bearing 
 the name of the Sister whose skill, taste and industry had produced it. 
 Nearly all the pieces were large, and the embroidery that decorated them 
 was worked in the richest and most elegant materials. 
 
 In the large glass case, visible in the illustration on page 49, was a 
 magnificent picture of the Madonna and Child, the faces and the hands 
 painted, the clothing embroidered with threads of gold and silk, inter¬ 
 spersed with precious stones. We have reproduced this picture on this 
 page, which will give the reader a better idea of it than any description 
 could do. Note the frame, with its beautiful emblems and coat of arms 
 of the dear Sisters’ native land and adopted State. 
 
 Another long journey, dear reader, in Imagination’s chariot is before 
 us. From Michigan to Maryland we must go, and, as we go, we must 
 turn back the wheels of time to the early part of our country. 
 
 On the Feast of Corpus Christi, June 2d, 1809, three devout women 
 appeared in St. Mary’s Chapel, Baltimore, robed in black, with a short 
 black cape about the shoulders, and a little black bonnet covering the 
 head. One of them, to be known henceforth as Mother Seton, bound 
 herself on that occasion, by the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience 
 for the space of one year, and the little group took, in accordance with her 
 wish, the title, Sisters of Charity, under the patronage of St. Joseph. 
 On June 22d, the little community established itself at Emmitsburg. 
 It being the intention of Mother Seton and her ecclesiastical Superiors, 
 to found the society on the plan of the Daughters of St. Vincent de Paul, 
 application was made for Sisters from France to join them; but this 
 failing of success, through the interference of the French government a 
 copy of the rule of the Vincentian Sisters of Charity was obtained and 
 enforced, with such modifications as suited the peculiar circumstances of 
 the new community. 
 
 In 1850, a union was effected between the Sisters of Charity in 
 France and a large part of the American community which, during the 
 intervening years, had greatly increased in numbers. The American 
 Sisters, at Emmitsburg, assumed the habit of the French Sisters, and 
 since that time have been under the direction of the Lazarist Fathers, 
 also founded by St. Vincent de Paul. 
 
 Four years previous to this action on the part of the Emmitsburg 
 community, the New York House had, under the direction of Archbishop 
 Hughes, and with approval of Superiors, become an independent Mother 
 House ; the community there retained Mother Seton’s habit and her in¬ 
 terpretation of the rule, and established their novitiate at Mt. St. Vincent’s 
 on the Hudson. 
 
 so 
 
The Archdiocese of Baltimore did not have a Diocesan exhibit, be¬ 
 cause it was rich in institutions having sufficient wealth of coin and of 
 visible educational results to enjoy the distinction of having collective 
 exhibits. 
 
 “The Maryland Sisters of Charity,” the “Maryland School Sisters of 
 Notre Dame,” the “Maryland.Christian Brothers”—thus the press mar¬ 
 shalled them and their successes before the public, and Baltimore, 
 venerable Primatial See, basked in the sunshine of their glory, as a 
 stately patriarch, crowned with personal honors many and splendid, yet 
 rejoices in the light reflected upon him by the deeds of his children. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Academy, Emmitsburg, Md., like a fruitful planet, with 
 its satellites about it. was the center about which gathered fifteen 
 
 by Miss Keller, of Baltimore, received much favorable comment. 
 
 There was a case containing various patterns of lace, three beauti¬ 
 fully ornamented piano scarfs, a collection of small paintings on 
 celluloid, and the embroidered upholstering of a rocking chair, 
 all of which were much admired. If we remember correctly, the 
 oak frame of the rocking chair was carved at the academy. The 
 gem of the collection, a piece unique among all exhibits, was 
 the harp-shaped screen that attracted so many visitors to alcove 52. 
 The frame work of the screen was of cherry, or some equally beautiful 
 wood, most artistically carved. Hinged at the back, the whole piece 
 opened like a book, making two harps appear, one carved to tell the story 
 of Columbus, as discoverer, and the other to give the history of Chicago’s 
 
 COLLECTIVE EXHIBITS FROM SISTERS OF CHARITY, 
 MOTHER HOUSE, EMMITSBURG, MO. 
 
 schools, one academy, six asylums, one kindergarten and one technical 
 school. 
 
 From St. Joseph’s of Emmitsburg there was a rich and extensive ex¬ 
 hibit replete in perfections of method and execution. The neat, practical 
 papers on the common branches of the grammar grades, with pretty maps 
 in geography, outlines in history and diagrams in grammar, were scarcely 
 surpassed by the beautifully treated and handsomely illustrated papers 
 on the natural and the physical sciences, on literature and on Sacred 
 Science. 
 
 The polished exercises in modern languages, and the practical work 
 in phonography and typewriting, showed the same painstaking energy 
 and skill that made the art display so pleasing. This consisted of an 
 album containing excellent specimens of crayon and map-drawing, also 
 pastel paintings of the “Sacred Heart,” “St. Joseph,” “Pius IX.,” and 
 of landscapes. The large oil painting of Cardinal Gibbons, executed 
 
 wonderful growth, dates, as well as pictures, making the information com¬ 
 plete. A lovely shade of green silk covered the space occupied by 
 strings in real harps] and on this were painted beautiful designs. A 
 richly embroidered scarf broke the upper outline and gracefully draped 
 the whole. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Academy, Richmond, Va., contributed four volumes on 
 grammar school and high school branches. These papers were well and 
 carefully written. The Immaculate Conception, St. John’s and St. Vin¬ 
 cent’s Schools, of Baltimore, exhibited one hundred and seven volumes of 
 worthy papers on Christian Doctrine, Bible History, general history, geo¬ 
 graphy, language, algebra, grammar, arithmetic, rhetoric, the natural 
 and physical sciences, civics, Roman History, mental philosophy, 
 geometry and music, with specimens of map-drawing, penmanship, 
 linear drawings and compositions. 
 
 St. Columba’s and St. Patrick’s Schools, of Chicago, are branches of the 
 
 si 
 
Convent at Emmitsburg, and their exhibits, though displayed with those 
 of Chicago, belonged to the collective exhibit of St. Joseph’s Academy. 
 Besides sixteen volumes of papers on grammar and high school 
 branches, St. Columkille’s School for girls, or St. Columba’s,as it is often 
 called, displayed some excellent kindergarten work. The wall display 
 embraced four pastel paintings, four pen sketches and seven paintings in 
 oil, from objects. The pictures in pastel were unique in conception and 
 design, admirable in execution; they realized, in pictured, human, femi¬ 
 nine forms, Edgar Allen Poe’s ideal of “The Bells,” or reproduced on 
 canvas the Delsarte postures of four young ladies, two robed in pink and 
 two in blue, of some light, floating material, and giving, as it were, a 
 concert recitation of “ The Bells,” suiting their attitudes, in the four pic¬ 
 tures, to the merry “sleigh bells,” “the golden wedding bells,” the wild 
 “fire bells,” the tolling “.funeral bells.” The other paintings presented 
 fruit, flowers, animals and- groups of human figures. 
 
 Almost as pleasing to look at as the pictures, were the charts from 
 this institution. One illustrated the rainfall of various sections of our 
 country, another “the earth in space,” with, as was fitting on the occa¬ 
 sion, the new world turned to the observer. A small map of Africa was 
 so daintily drawn as to deserve a place in the art display ; the same 
 might be stated of the map of “Standard Time” and “The World’s 
 Fair Map,” on the latter of which the grand divisions of the earth 
 were white, the ocean was blue and railway routes were in black lines, 
 leading from all important points to Chicago. A chart of “Magnetic De¬ 
 
 clination and Inclination,” in blue, buff and dark lines,and an “Isother¬ 
 mal Chart,” showing, in various colors, the physical and the climatic 
 zones, were beautiful pieces of brush and pen-work. Many of the pupils of 
 St. Patrick’s School are successful public school teachers, and many others 
 are filling responsible positions in various business houses in Chicago, 
 while a number of them are religious teachers in various communities. 
 This last fact we learned from a beautifully written, richly decorated and 
 handsomely bound volume bearing the title “ Leaves from the Garden of 
 Our Alma Mater,” giving information regarding the avocations of ex¬ 
 students, and presenting some choice essays and poems produced by 
 those students in their school days. Besides the grammar grades, the 
 institution has academic and commercial departments, and each of these 
 contributed volumes of excellent papers, arithmetic and physiology be¬ 
 ing beautifully illustrated with drawings. A volume of kindergarten 
 work, five paintings, two large drawings, seven mounted maps and 
 specimens of fancy work and plain sewing completed St. Patrick’s fine 
 exhibit. 
 
 Immaculate Conception, St. John’s and St. Vincent’s Schools, at 
 Baltimore, Immaculate Conception, at Denver; St. Euphemia’s, at Em¬ 
 mitsburg; St. Vincent’s, at La Salle, Ill.; St. Vincent’s, at Mobile, Ala.; 
 St. Joseph’s, at Natchez, Miss.; St. Mary’s, at Norfolk, Va.; St. Joseph’s, 
 at Portsmouth, Va.; St. Patrick’s, at Richmond, Va. and St. Patrick’s and 
 St. Vincent’s Schools, at San Francisco, presented one hundred and forty- 
 eight volumes of very excellent work on grammar and high school 
 
branches, and specimens of typewriting, map-drawing and linear draw¬ 
 ing, also of pen-work and of phonography. 
 
 The wall displays from St. Vincent’s, La Salle, Ill., were thirteen 
 specimens of pastel painting; those from St. Vincent’s, of San Francisco, 
 were one crayon picture of the Sacred Heart, three crayon studies from 
 models and three oil paintings. 
 
 The orphanages and industrial schools, in charge of the Sisters of 
 Charity, that sent exhibits were as follows-St. Vincent’s Infant Asylum, 
 at Baltimore, a volume of delightful kindergarten work; St. Vincent’s 
 Orphanage and Industrial School, at Buffalo, three ladies’ dresses, one 
 child’s dress, two aprons and six pieces of furniture decoration, in silk 
 and velvet, embroidered with floss; also six volumes of school work 
 in grammar school branches. 
 
 The following institutions also contributed to the exhibit:—St. Vin¬ 
 cent’s Infant Asylum, at Chicago, one volume of pretty kindergarten work; 
 St. Joseph’s Asylum, at Richmond, five volumes of class work, in gram¬ 
 mar school branches; Mt. St. Joseph’s Infant Asylum, at San Francisco, 
 three albums of tasteful kindergarten work; Roman Catholic Orphan 
 Asylum, at San Francisco, ten volumes of grammar and high school 
 
 branches, also four charts of drawing and two specimens of embroidery. 
 
 St. Francis’ Technical School, at San Francisco, displayed work from 
 four departments :—Dressmaking, Embroidery, Gold Embroidery and 
 Fine Sewing Departments. From the first came yokes, cuffs, fine tuck¬ 
 ing and drawn work, dresses, full skirts, shirred yokes finished with rib¬ 
 bon rosettes, and a gentleman’s dressing gown lined with quilted satin, 
 the collar and cuffs embroidered in forget-me-nots. From the second 
 came various pieces of embroidered household linen. From the third, 
 “ Flowers of the Pacific Coast,” embroidered in one hundred and eight 
 shades of silk twist, and representing a basket of California’s choicest 
 blossoms; a pair of slippers embroidered in gold bullion, of suspenders 
 embroidered in chenille and two scarfs embroidered in silk. 
 
 From the fourth department, specimens of letters in drawn work, 
 specimens of the various stitches used in plain sewing, pieces of house¬ 
 hold linen and plain clothing, also specimens of fancy stitching on 
 Bengaline silk garments for infants and children. 
 
 And thus we leave the highly gratifying exhibit of the Sisters of 
 Charity of Emmitsburg, and turn to evidences of masculine ability. 
 
 So numerous are the schools in charge of the Christian Brothers, and 
 
 3 HUH 
 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 6 
 
 EXHIBITS OF THE CHRISTIAN BROTHERS. 
 
 CALVERT HALL INSTITUTE AND ST. ALPHONSUS’ SCHOOL, BALTIMORE, MD. 
 ALCOVE NO. 101. 
 
So extensive the exhibit given by each, it is necessary to divide the subject 
 of their collective exhibit] hence, as we are in “the sunny south,” we 
 will glance at the work from four of their colleges and four of their par¬ 
 ish schools located in the Baltimore Diocese. 
 
 The display from Rock Hill College, at Ellicott City, was greatly ad- 
 rcdred by visitors, and widely commented upon by the press in most com- 
 plinigptary terms. It comprised three volumes of English essays of su¬ 
 perior ability and fine style; one volume each of the brandies of higher 
 mathematics, each subject having its problems illustrated by pen and 
 pencil drawings; one volume each of the physical and natural sciences, 
 beautifully illustrated ; one volume each of the branches of Sacred Sci¬ 
 ence, Catechism, Bible History, “Evidences of Religion,” moral philoso¬ 
 phy and ethics; one volume each of the Greek and Latin classics; one 
 volume each of perspective, of geometrical, of architectural, of mechan¬ 
 ical and of isometrical drawings, also one volume each of projections and 
 of engineering; a collection of botanical and of geological specimens; 
 samples of all kinds of school blanks, testimonials, diplomas and - 
 certificates. 
 
 The preparatory department of this college contributed sixteen vol¬ 
 umes of excellent class exercises. The great, thick volumes from both 
 departments, made a deep impression on all parties; even those who 
 did not open them felt that they contained worthy work ; the writer is 
 sure of it, having examined it, page by page. 
 
 Particularly striking was the volume of “ Studies from the Works of 
 Cardinal Gibbons.” What a delicate compliment to their Archbishop ; 
 what a benefit to the students ! And how well they acquitted themselves 
 of the honorable task ! Each student engaged in this exercise had dia¬ 
 gramed a synopsis of some chapter of one of the Cardinal’s books, and 
 then had proceeded to trace, in the student’s own language, the trend of 
 the distinguished author’s thought, marking its gradations with copious 
 quotations. 
 
 A glass case containing bits of mineral, of metals and of ores, also 
 of beautifully polished bits of various kinds of wood, all showing what 
 nature has done for the locality, completed the interesting and most 
 worthy Rock Hill exhibit. 
 
 St. John’s College, Washington, D. C., sent five albums of composi¬ 
 tions, three of phonography, one of Latin and Greek and one of orna¬ 
 mental drawings, also a handsome relief map of the city of Washington 
 and eight framed crayons. All of the above may be seen in our illustra¬ 
 tion on page 52. 
 
 The Ammendale Normal Institute had a superior display of linear 
 drawings, said, by good judges, to equal, if not to excel, anything of the 
 kind found elsewhere. The exhibit comprised five volumes of herbaria, 
 perfectly arranged and classified; three relief maps, made from pap® 
 pulp; one volume of methods in teaching; one volume of essays, elegant 
 and profound; twenty-six copies of projections; seventeen volumes of 
 linear drawings, referred to above; twenty-two volumes of free-hand 
 drawings, two volumes of map-drawing, two volumes of artistic writing 
 and lettering and one relief map (paper pulp) of Baltimore. 
 
 Calvert Hall Institute, at Baltimore, made, as the press expressed it, 
 “a grand showing” at the Fair. There were pen and ink sketches done by 
 boys of thirteen and fourteen years of age, that would have been a credit 
 to grown artists of acknowledged ability and talent. In this exhibit ap¬ 
 peared what was regarded as the best portrait of Cardinal Gibbons that 
 graced the Fair. This display comprised eighty-four albums of papers 
 on the branches of the complete collegiate course, higher mathematics, 
 all the branches of the study of language, grammar, rhetoric, literature 
 and composition; the various natural and physical sciences; all the 
 branches and accomplishments considered necessary for a thorough 
 business course; all sorts of commercial exercises ; twelve collections of 
 minerals, metals, woods and other substances for object lessons, also 
 seven relief maps, made from paper pulp, thirteen framed crayon pic¬ 
 tures and two framed water color pieces. Besides these framed pictures, 
 there were albums of water color sketches, crayon drawings, pen and ink 
 sketches, object, ornamental and linear drawings. The art display of 
 this institution, as already stated, was highly commended by competent 
 judges, and, in fact the entire exhibit was worthy of highest praise. 
 
 The parish schools of the Christian Brothers of the Baltimore Diocese 
 that shared in the exhibit were the male department of the Immaculate 
 Conception School, male department of St. Alphonsus’ School, the male 
 department of St, John’s, and male department of St. Vincent’s of Balti¬ 
 more ; these contributed one hundred and eleven volumes of papers on 
 
 the various branches of mathematics, of the business course and of 
 sacred science, also albums of the various kinds of drawing already 
 mentioned as forming part of the collegiate exhibits. Several of the 
 schools presented exercises in the German language. 
 
 As this is our first description of work from the Christian Brothers’ 
 institutions in America, it seems to be the proper occasion for dwelling 
 on certain general features of their various exhibits. We will refer later 
 in our publication to their foreign exhibits, in addition to the St. Nicholas’ 
 Trade School already mentioned. At present, we wish to call attention 
 to the grand showing of their American schools, ninety of which were 
 represented in the educational exhibit. These included four Normal 
 schools, ten colleges, fourteen academies and commercial colleges, five 
 industrial institutions and orphanages and fifty-seven parish schools. 
 
 Copy-books containing students’ class work, were presented by the 
 thousands, and yet not one of these showed what could be called “poor” 
 penmanship, while in the greater number of them, the penmanship 
 was remarkably excellent, and, in many, it was exceedingly beauti¬ 
 ful. Hundreds of volumes of bound class exercises and examination 
 papers, with multitudes of blanks bearing the inscription “Home Work,” 
 made evident the student’s thoroughness in preparing for class, his per¬ 
 manent possession of the knowledge thus acquired, and his ability to 
 use that information independent of the aid or supervision of professors. 
 The contents of these volumes, copy-books and blanks cover the entire 
 scope of a liberal education. Religion, all the branches of mathematics, 
 literature, history, pedagogy, natural and physical sciences, the critical 
 and the practical study of the English language, business forms, com¬ 
 mercial branches, literary criticism, every form of literary expression 
 and every division of prose composition. Fancy pen-work and the 
 various kinds of drawing were the ordinary adjuncts of the regular work 
 of the class. 
 
 There was no denying the silent evidence of these volumes and 
 folios. It was not possible that a few bright pupils had done all the 
 work ; it was the result of right methods and correct teaching. As we 
 repeatedly describe the work of the Christian Brothers’ students, we will 
 need to refer to the numerous copy-books filled with various exercises. 
 
 Higher, as things are ranked in art, but equally well executed, were 
 the many pretty bits in water colors and the dainty bits in pastel and 
 the dignified pieces, such as portraits, in charcoal or crayon. Original 
 designs and patterns for tapestry, wall paper, carpet and silk weaving 
 were common in the folios of pencil-work. Dra wings for sculpture and 
 iron work, studies in shade and shadow, studies of human faces and of 
 human forms were not lacking in numbers, nor in skill. Evidence of 
 the ability of the teachers was given in the normal work, including 
 specimens of the skill of certain professors, such as “The Development of 
 Solids,” a wonderful piece of pen-work and of mathematical knowledge 
 and accuracy. 
 
 In fine, as we proceed to comment upon the various exhibits from 
 the many institutions in charge of the Christian Brothers, we will be 
 persuaded that the children of the Blessed Jean Baptiste De La Salle 
 are men whose only purpose in life is the imparting of a true education. 
 They follow to-day the rule he gave them and the system of pedagogy 
 his genius developed for them two hundred years ago. Verily, he was 
 in advance of his age and grappled with problems two centuries ago, 
 that are vexing the educators of to-day. He knew, as we know, that 
 the mere instruction in religion is not the panacea for human ills ; that 
 training must accompany the giving of instruction ; that practice must 
 follow the reception of instruction. 
 
 The marvel is, that laboring first and above all lor religious teaching, 
 yet the Christian Brothers manage to be superior in all things they teach. 
 
 From the Archiepiscopal See of the Primate of the United States, to 
 the See of the Golden Gate of the Pacific Slope, means the traversing of 
 thousands of miles, through two Archdioceses and ten Dioceses ; yet in 
 the Department of Liberal Arts at the World’s Fair it meant but a few 
 seconds walk from the east aisle of the Catholic Exhibit to the west aisle, 
 overlooking the displays from the manufacturers of Belgium, Russia 
 and Sweden. 
 
 Of the many thousands—we might well say millions of people who 
 had occasion to tread the west aisle of the gallery in which the Catholic 
 Exhibit was installed, and the broad passage way of Columbia Avenue 
 (as the main aisle of Manufactures Building was known), great indeed 
 was the number drawn by an immense, yet simple sign, designating the 
 fitting representative of the beloved Archbishop, Clergy and Laity of the 
 
s^rcfydiocese of gan [-francisco. 
 
 I HE Archbishop of San Francisco, Most Reverend Patrick W. 
 
 Riordan was pastor of St. James’, one of the most important 
 parishes in Chicago, when he was chosen by the Holy See to be co¬ 
 adjutor to the venerable Archbishop Alemany, with the right of 
 succession. From the position of parish priest, however important the 
 charge concerned, to the dignity of the archiepiscopal office was a long 
 stride on the highway of ecclesiastical honors, but he who took it was 
 wont to tread with fidelity the pathways of humility, or the choice of 
 His Holiness would not have fallen on him as one fitted to fill a place 
 of so much importance to the honor of religion and the good of souls. 
 Ability and zeal were his, great, earnest, active; but better than these 
 even, were the qualities that won for him the high regard of the Holy 
 Father. The wider field has indeed given wider opportunity for the 
 development and action of those remarkable talents that distinguish 
 the Archbishop of San Francisco, and) those noble qualities of mind and 
 
 MOST. REV. P. W. RTORDAN, Tl.T). 
 
 heart that endeared him so greatly to the parishioners of St. James’ have 
 won for him the warm regard of the priests and the people of his 
 extensive Archdiocese. 
 
 Though his talents and energy were such as to entitle him to a 
 wider sphere, giving full scope to his powers of mind and soul, yet was 
 there a true and severe sacrifice in renouncing a wealthy, prosperous, 
 influential parish in a great city for even an Archdiocese. It separated 
 him from relatives and friends, laid upon him heavy duties and serious 
 responsibilities, and brought his untried strength of soul face to face 
 with many unexpected trials and difficulties, but his courage, heroism 
 and self-sacrifice were equal to the strain, and have brought him to the 
 heights of an honorable success and a noble popularity. 
 
 Archbishop Riordan was born in Ireland, August 27, 1841, and was 
 brought to this country in his seventh year. His parents immediately 
 sought a home in Chicago, where his mother not long since died, and 
 in that city of brisk Western life the child grew to be a youth of prom¬ 
 ise, imbibing its better spirit and drinking in its tireless energy. 
 
 His early education was gained at St. Mary’s of the Lake; from 
 there he went to the American College at Rome, and later spent some 
 time at Louvain and at Paris. It was at Louvain he was ordained in 
 1865. 
 
 Returning to Chicago he fulfilled various charges with complete 
 satisfaction to his superiors. As professor in the University of St. 
 Mary’s of the Lake, as pastor of St. Mary’s, Joliet, as pastor of St. 
 James’, Chicago, he was ever earnest, energetic and active; full of zeal, 
 he worked with an unselfish devotedness that won souls for God and a 
 host of friends for himself, so that when he left Chicago for the scene of 
 his new labors, it was much more of the funereal occasion of his loss to 
 his friends than that of joy and gladness over his just elevation to a 
 high dignity. 
 
 By the stimulus of his superlative earnestness, the Archdiocese of 
 San Francisco ranks high to-day in success before men and in holiness 
 before God. 
 
 In spite of Indian raids and other disasters, the Franciscan Fathers 
 persevered in their efforts to establish mission churches in the far West 
 and along the Pacific coast; thus originated, in 1776 and 1777, the 
 missions of San Francisco and Santa Clara, where the Indians were 
 taught the arts of civilization, as well as the truths of religion. 
 
 In 1774, Father Junipero Serra had received from Rome the power 
 to administer confirmation: before this remarkable man died, he had 
 the happiness of seeing his Indian flock increased to the number of 
 ten thousand, and of feeling sure that the faith was solidly and perma¬ 
 nently planted in Upper California. The history of religious progress 
 in those I’egions, from that time, is long and interesting, but in many 
 particulars sad and often tragic. 
 
 In 1840, the two Californias were erected into a Diocese, and Very 
 Reverend Father Francisco Diego was appointed first Bishop, with per¬ 
 mission to reside at Santa Barbara. He was received by the people 
 with great demonstrations of joy, but injustice on the part of the 
 Mexican government kept him from accomplishing much, and in 1846 
 he died. 
 
 Very Reverend Father Gonzales was his successor as administrator 
 of the extensive but poverty-stricken Diocese, and, though he was a 
 highly educated and enlightened man, he saw himself powerless to 
 effect any good with the wretched means at his command. Part of the 
 Diocese was, in 1850, in the Republic of Mexico, and the other in that 
 of the United .States, hence the Holy See established a new Diocese of 
 Monterey, and appointed as its first Bishop the eminent Dominican, 
 Father Alemany, a Spaniard by birth, but at that time provincial of his 
 Order in Ohio. Within two years, the Dominican Fathers, the Jesuit 
 Fathers, the Dominican Sisters, the Sisters of Notre Dame and the 
 Sisters of Charity had entered the Diocese and established schools. 
 
 In 1853, the Holy See erected the part of the State from Santa Cruz 
 southward to the Mexican border into the Diocese of Monterey, and es¬ 
 tablished a new See at San Francisco, to which Dr. Alemany was pro¬ 
 moted, with the dignity of Archbishop. 
 
 In the two years following this event the Presentation Nuns and the 
 Sisters of Mercy opened institutions of charity and education under 
 Bishop Alemany’s care. 
 
 At the close of 1878, the Diocese of San Francisco had one hundred 
 and three churches, five colleges, ten academies, thirty-five parochial 
 schools, four asylums, five hospitals, and one hundred and eighty 
 thousand Catholics, among whom were laboring seventy secular priests 
 and fifty-eight religious priests. The Dominicans had a convent at 
 Benicia, the Jesuits a college at San Francisco, the Christian Brothers a 
 novitiate at Oakland and a college at San Francisco and the Sisters of the 
 Holy Family and of the Holy Names had schools. 
 
 On the resignation of the venerable Archbishop Alemany, Most 
 Reverend Patrick Riordan, his co-adjutor, succeeded him. The churches 
 now number one hundred and twelve; chapels, forty-five; priests, two 
 hundred and twelve. The Catholic population numbers 220,000; the 
 children attending Catholic institutions number 20,360. Such figures 
 tell their own story of prosperity and success, of blessed results from 
 zealous efforts. A grand chapter was added to this story by San Fran¬ 
 cisco’s part of the Catholic Educational Exhibit. 
 
 A Diocesan Committee of six clergymen and two religious: Rev. P. 
 Scanlan, Rev. J. B. McNally, Rev. M. D. Connelly, Rev. P. Casey, Rev. 
 J. A. Sasia, S. J., Rev. P. C. Yorke, Brother Michael, F. S. C., and 
 Brother Albert, S. M., under the guidance of His Grace, instituted the 
 educational exhibit of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, and brought it 
 
to a giorious success. Before sending it to Chicago, they presented it for 
 inspection to the general public, in Mechanics’ Pavilion, San Francisco, 
 and forty-five thousand people are said to have visited it there, all 
 leaving deeply impressed by its perfection. 
 
 The transportation of so extensive an exhibit to Chicago exemplifies 
 Archbishop lliordan’s energetic manner of carrying out his great designs, 
 and nobly did his priests and Teaching Orders support him. The great 
 display from sixteen colleges and academies, thirty-four parish schools, 
 eleven kindergartens and three technical institutions reached the Liberal 
 Arts Building in safety, and was installed in alcoves 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 
 27 and 28. On coming up the central eastern stairway of the Liberal- 
 Arts Department, almost the first object that met the visitor’s eye, during 
 the Fair, was the handsome portrait of Archbishop Riordan, which seemed 
 to invite attention to the San Francisco exhibits. This, the largest and 
 most varied of the educational displays, except perhaps that of Chicago, 
 was arranged by Father Yorke, and reflected great credit on the taste and 
 good judgment of that reverend gentleman. Ilis zealous efforts produced a 
 most effective result, and his satisfaction could not have been other than 
 great, as the words of commendation uttered by diverse tongues fell upon 
 his ear. 
 
 One of the most prominent and remarkable features of this exhibit 
 was the kindergarten work, eleven of these institutions combining to 
 render the skill of the San Francisco Sisterhoods manifest to all the 
 world, and to combat the notion that the Church in educational matters 
 is behind the times. Much attention was accorded these displays of 
 what the wee ones can do, and the admiration expressed was loud and 
 sincere. 
 
 Santa Clara College, conducted by the Jesuit Fathers, was estab¬ 
 lished in pioneer days, and has grown up with the Diocese, as it were, 
 hence wo will give it the preference in our description, and review its 
 display first, though it may be that some institution for girls should 
 have precedence, on the principle that the ladies are always to be served 
 first! 
 
 This college stands in the foremost rank among the institutions of 
 the West. Here the students quickly learn to apply the principles of a 
 broad and enlightened intellect and acquire knowledge that will be the 
 basis of their future success. The system of instruction is such that 
 what the student learns, he does not readily forget, it becomes a part of 
 his stock in trade for all time. As a means to a great end, Santa Clara 
 College is thoroughly equipped to prepare the student for any profession 
 or business in life. 
 
 The exhibit from this institution comprised two departments, nor¬ 
 mal work and students’ work. Five text books for mathematics, by Rev. 
 Joseph Bayina, S. J., were the most important contributions to the normal 
 display, and next to them the exquisite pen-work of the professor of 
 penmanship. Descriptive catalogues, photographs of students and grad¬ 
 uates and apparatus from the commercial department, completed the 
 normal exhibit. The students’ exhibit presented twenty-one albums of 
 essays, profound and interesting, models of style and penmanship: a 
 collection of compositions in prose and poetry, in Latin, Greek and 
 English; papers on moral and physical philosophy, mathematics 
 and book-keeping. The wall display of this institution comprised four¬ 
 teen pictures in crayon, India ink and water color. The Jesuit College 
 of St. Ignatius, at San Francisco, contributed only a normal display 
 which comprised photographs of the students, church, college, museum, 
 library and laboratories,—chemical and philosophical; fourteen albums 
 of learned essays, expert translations from the dead languages, profound 
 papers on moral philosophy, exceedingly scientific ones on natural 
 philosophy; skillful demonstrations in mathematics, beautifully written 
 and exact work in book-keeping, also a very learned lecture on the 
 atmosphere. 
 
 From the Jesuit College of St. Joseph at San Jose, there were pho¬ 
 tographs of the students, church and college; four volumes of bound work 
 containing papers on mathematics and book-keeping, also exercises in 
 Greek and Latin. The Jesuit exhibits were characterized by a thorough¬ 
 ness of knowledge and a dignity of expression and arrangement peculiar 
 to the work, or productions of any kind soever, that owe their existence 
 to Jesuit teachers or students. Tt was a widely expressed regret that a 
 greater number of the Jesuit colleges of the country did not exhihit work. 
 Certainly that which came from these institutions just noticed caused 
 the visitor to look for, and to desire more of it, to contribute to his intel¬ 
 lectual pleasure. 
 
 The lecture on the atmosphere presented in book form at the 
 World’s Fair, was delivered, with accompanying experiments, one even¬ 
 ing during the time that the San Francisco display was on exhibition in 
 its own city, and very interesting the audience found it, to listen to the 
 clear young voice of a graduate of the class of ’93, as he demonstrated the 
 theories regarding the properties of air; very interesting too, was it to watch 
 him and his companions skillfully handling the apparatus that proved the 
 student’s assertions, and made manifest the qualities of that most common 
 yet most unfamiliar object that we call “the atmosphere. ” Such demonstra¬ 
 tions, experiments and proofs are now common in all our colleges and 
 academics, and young ladies are not less skillful than their brothers in 
 handling the philosophical and chemical apparatus. The illustration of 
 alcove 17 shows the exhibits from the Jesuit institutions, and is admira¬ 
 bly clear and distinct. 
 
 The Christian Brothers, though entering the Diocese much later 
 than the Jesuit Fathers, have as educators kept even pace with them 
 without rivalry and did not fall behind them in the exhibits they 
 presented in the San Francisco collection. There is never any need of 
 rivalry in beautiful work for the Church ; she covers so wide an area, there 
 is room for all and no need of nudging elbows. From the Sacred Heart 
 College, at Sail Francisco, there were to be seen albums of delightful 
 work in geometry, trigonometry and surveying, the problems beautifully 
 demonstrated and illustrated filling fifty-three albums. In addition to 
 the above, there were twenty-six volumes of corrected and uncorrected 
 essays on various collegiate studies, and two hundred and four albums 
 of specimens of penmanship and book-keeping. 
 
 At the left of the illustration on page 61 will be seen a beautiful 
 model of a college; this represents the Christian Brothers’ College at 
 Oakland, named St. Mary’s, under the patronage of the Blessed 
 Virgin. This pretty bit of architectural work was from the normal 
 department of the institution, and was accompanied by seven framed 
 drawings showing the architect’s plans, according to which the 
 college was built. From the same department, came twenty-seven 
 charts by Brother Hyacinth, explaining the principles of phonography. 
 
 The students’ department contributed four hundred and thirteen 
 albums of essays in polished Greek and elegant Latin, also examinations 
 and studies in mental philosophy,—scholarly and profound; in natural 
 philosophy, full of scientific interest; in the branches of sacred science, 
 always so well treated of by (Christian Brothers’ students; in mathematics, 
 demonstrated and illustrated in the best style; in all the branches of a 
 collegiate course, in fact, and after the most approved methods. Nor 
 were the contributions from the business department inferior; the fifty- 
 three volumes of excellent papers on Christian Doctrine, book-keeping, 
 mathematics and various business forms, besides one hundred and 
 eighty-six volumes of phonographic exercises, and twenty-three volumes 
 of typewritten exercises, being in perfect harmony with the work from 
 the other departments. The Oakland exhibits are represented in the 
 illustration of alcove 25. 
 
 The art department contributed four volumes of beautiful linear and 
 mechanical drawings, also fifty-five very attractive studies in crayon, 
 lead-pencil and dainty water colors. Eighteen specimens of ornamental 
 pen-work, almost as much like pictures as the crayon studies, made a 
 very beautiful addition to this praiseworthy exhibit. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Academy of Oakland is also in charge of the Christian 
 Brothers. It presented five mechanical and architectural drawings 
 of great merit, besides twenty-four volumes of excellent papers on 
 penmanship, arithmetic and Sacred Science, also nineteen albums of 
 beautiful maps and sketches, and studious papers on geography, history, 
 orthography, language, mensuration, book-keeping and Christian Doc¬ 
 trine. From the Christian Brothers’ Normal Institute, of Martinez, came 
 eleven volumes of unsurpassed work in geometry, trigonometry, mensu¬ 
 ration and linear drawing. The Christian Brothers’ parish schools made a 
 large and impressive showing. St. Peter’s of San Francisco, made an ex¬ 
 hibit as follows:—Three volumes of algebra, the problems written out in 
 a most attractive manner; six volumes of arithmetic, not to be excelled in 
 the methods they showed; one volume of Bible History and three volumes 
 of Christian Doctrine, treated of with most reverent care; twenty-eight 
 volumes of beautiful work in book-keeping; six volumes of thoughtful 
 and correctly written compositions; four volumes of dictations and one 
 volume of grammar; one volume of geography and one of examination 
 papers ; one volume of delightful geometrical drawings and three, well- 
 illustrated, of mensuration; one volume of excellent map-drawing and 
 
LE RUNNING NORTH AND SOUTH, GIVING THE VIEW OF THE EXTERIOR Or aluuyk x,, x.j, 
 
 i i>mrni ( 4m.'DL' r\X? CAV rPAATTtJPn 
 
 one of United States history; two volumes of series of copy-books and 
 eight of specimens of penmanship. Framed pen-work and framed draw¬ 
 ings from this institution, graced the walls of alcove 21, and may he 
 seen represented in the illustration of that alcove. 
 
 St. Anthony’s (Christian Brothers) School sent to the exhibit four¬ 
 teen volumes of class work:—Grammar, spelling, composition, language, 
 history, geography, arithmetic, book-keeping, mensuration, dictation and 
 catechism. 
 
 The male department of St. Frances de Sales’ School, at Oakland, 
 made equally as fine a showing as St. Peter’s. Its display comprised 
 nine volumes of penmanship, giving evidence of the steady improvement 
 of each pupil, from the beginning to the end of a term ; two volumes of 
 nlrrnkvn airfVH vnlnnma nf nritlunptin n.nd one volume of mensuration of 
 
 each. It is needless to state that the volume of papers on Christian 
 Doctrine was just what it should have been. 
 
 In Oakland, the Christian Brothers have charge of St. Mary’s School 
 and St. Joseph’s Institute, and in Temescal, of the Sacred Heart School. 
 These schools contributed two hundred and twenty-five volumes of class 
 work, each sending volumes of papers on the following subjects :—Arith¬ 
 metic, grammar, history, geography, language, United States history, 
 book-keeping, mensuration and Christian Doctrine. The Sacred Heart 
 School sent, in addition to the above, papers on algebra; St. Joseph’s sent 
 specimens of monthly reports and rolls of honor. 
 
 There was an admirable thoroughness and exactness about all the 
 work from the institutions in charge of the Christian Brothers, and the 
 multitudes of drawings that accompanied each of their exhibits made it 
 
 solids, with the problems of each branch beautifully written out and 
 demonstrated. The business forms in three volumes and book-keeping in 
 one volume gave promise of the future success of the students who pre¬ 
 pared them. Four volumes of spelling and dictation and one of grammar 
 and parsing were almost perfect. Four volumes of geography, illustrated 
 with maps and one volume of interesting work in history and geography 
 were all that could be desired, in correctness and method, while the 
 volume of book-keeping and the volume of trigonometry were most pleas¬ 
 ing to look at, the one, for penmanship and order, the other, for the beauty 
 of its demonstrations and drawings. The compositions, Latin exercises, 
 business forms, letters, bills, receipts, notes, drafts and orders for mer¬ 
 chandise were all admirable as possessing the qualities to be desired in 
 
 a great pleasure and a real education of the taste to visit and to examine 
 their displays. 
 
 A very beautiful and varied exhibit was presented by the Ladies of 
 the Sacred Heart, Sacred Heart Academy, San Francisco. The normal 
 department contributed one of the most exquisite pieces of art to be 
 found anywhere in the entire educational exhibit. This was the Mag¬ 
 nificat, printed with the pen in a highly ornamental style, on twelve 
 cards most artistically illuminated in original designs. These may be 
 seen represented in the illustration of alcove No. 21, at the left hand, near 
 the front. The reader will note the large, handsome capitals with which 
 each of the twelve verses begin ; these letters and the borders of the cards 
 were illuminated in most graceful designs and with exquisite coloring. 
 
 57 
 
Two other illuminated cards,—one an altar card, the other a bit of 
 oramented literary quotation accompanied the above, and were equally 
 as beautiful. 
 
 The students’ work comprised one hundred and forty-live volumes 
 of papers on sacred science, mental philosophy and natural philosophy; 
 French, German and English literature and language; mathematics, his¬ 
 tory and all the other academic branches. The papers on natural 
 science and literature were particularly attractive, and those on Reli¬ 
 gion highly worthy ot praise. The fourteen historical and geogra¬ 
 phical charts, which may be seen in the illustration of alcove No. 27, 
 at the left, above the beautiful illuminated work, were worthy of special 
 notice for their finished appearance, dainty drawing and correct details. 
 The sixteen albums of herbaria presented floral specimens well pre¬ 
 served, carefully classified and beautiful to look upon. Eighteen port¬ 
 folios contained a bewildering array of specimens of needle-work:— 
 Embroidery of varied stitches, crochet work, lace of many patterns 
 and plain sewing of exquisite neatness. A volume of pen and ink 
 sketches or drawings, presented some very skillful work, and kept the 
 visitor turning page after page, in eager interest. 
 
 The Institute of Notre Dame of Namur was founded in 1804, by the 
 venerable Julia Billiart, to supply in Picardy, what was sorely needed in 
 all France at that time, -means of Christian education, of which the 
 youth of the land had been deprived by the desolating ravages of the 
 ruthless Revolution. 
 
 In 1809, Namur, Belgium, became the Mother House of the new 
 Teaching Order, a privilege it still retains, as the Home of the Superior 
 General. 
 
 Though not a century old, the Institute of Notre Dame educates 
 annually one hundred and fifty thousand pupils, has fifty-four flourish¬ 
 ing schools on the European continent, twenty in England and forty in 
 the United States. The most important of the Notre Dame English 
 schools is the Government Liverpool Training College for Catholic 
 Teachers, thousands of whom are there ably fitted to assume the re¬ 
 sponsible duties of their sacred charge, and prepared to exert a far- 
 reaching and uplifting influence for good on the sadly neglected masses 
 of the down-trodden children of the poor. 
 
 The Institute founded its first convent in America at Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 now the residence of the Provincial Superior of the forty convents on the 
 Atlantic and the Pacific slopes. In 1844, the convents of Oregon, the 
 pioneer schools of the far Northwest, were established. In 1851, the Sis¬ 
 ters were transferred to California to meet the urgent demand for efficient 
 religious teachers to supply the educational needs of the young State. 
 
 The College of Notre Dame, at San Jose, now in its forty-fourth 
 year, became a pioneer of art and science, in one of the loveliest parts 
 of California, Santa Clara Valley, at present one of the great intellectual 
 centers of the Golden West. 
 
 This college for young ladies was represented at the Columbian 
 Exposition by a very brilliant display of school work, included in one 
 hundred and fifteen volumes of class exercises and examinations. 
 
 Sacred Science, as was proper and reverent, took the lead, and was 
 made unusually interesting by the manner in which it was divided: 
 Angelology, Hagiologv, Science of Religion, Sacred Anthology, Hagio- 
 logy in Literature and Consecrated Months. Each subject was treated 
 with due seriousness and great intelligence; information regarding it 
 had been sought in all directions where there was promise of something 
 relating to it, as a definition, an explanation or an illustration. How 
 extensive the field for the student of “Sacred Anthology,” or of 
 “Hagiology in Literature. ” Pleasant wanderings for young students! 
 
 Natural Science was ably treated of under the headingsAlgology, 
 Conchology, Ethno-Conchology, Poetry of Conchology, Lithology, His¬ 
 torical Geology, Ornithology, Entomology, Chemistry, Botany, Phy¬ 
 siology and Astronomy. These subjects were illustrated with draw¬ 
 ings. 
 
 Mathematics: arithmetic, book-keeping, algebra, geometry and 
 trigonometry displayed methods in demonstrations and analyses that 
 were of the best, and the young students had evidently tried their 
 utmost to follow and apply the principles in accordance with the instruc¬ 
 tions they had received. 
 
 Mental Philosophy was given in papers headed Logic, Ontology, 
 Cosmology, Psychology and Natural Theology. Severe work this, for 
 young girls, and it was surprising to find what a taste some of them had 
 for it, and how skillfully they presented the profound subjects. The 
 
 outlines given in connection with Logic might well be called illustra¬ 
 tions, so like pictures were they. 
 
 Moral Philosophy, divided into Ethics and Natural Law, was pru¬ 
 dently presented, within the bounds of a young girl’s Avholesome 
 ignorance, yet the papers were by no means shallow or superficial. 
 
 The studies in English were charming, even the grammar review 
 was not dull, and the Literature, with its Anthology, was delightful, in 
 expressions, in ideas and in illustrations. 
 
 The compositions were correct, polished and thoughtful such as 
 might be expected from pupils having had such instruction as is im¬ 
 plied in the exercises to which we have referred. Two pretty, compli¬ 
 mentary papers were “Pearls of Thought from Rt. Rev. J. L. Spalding” 
 and “A Tribute to Most Rev. P. W. Riordan.” 
 
 Eighteen prettily bound booklets contained essays: “Columbus,” 
 “Isabella,” “The Serra Statue,” “The Secret of the Sage,” “Rome’s 
 Golden Mile Stone.” Poems:—Four, original. Notes:—“On an Eastern 
 Trip.” What we have said of the compositions mentioned above may 
 be applied to these essays and poems. 
 
 The following subjects were illustrated with pen and pencil draw¬ 
 ings : —uranography, entomology, conchology (these admitted of beautiful 
 ornamentation, with drawings of objects from their own mighty domains), 
 also physiology and historical geology. The objects that appeared in 
 some of the more elaborate illustrations were:—California Algae, Cali¬ 
 fornia ferns and flowers, California shells and insects. A volume, written 
 in French, contained translations, compositions, daily exercises and 
 anthology. 
 
 The rhetoric class of this college contributed admirable papers, al¬ 
 most without defect, on Sacred Science:—Christian Doctrine and Bible 
 History; on Natural Science:—astronomy, physics and botany ; the last 
 named was profusely ornamented and made clear by beautiful botanical 
 drawings ; on Mathematics:—the three lower branches ; on English 
 Studies :—rhetoric, literature, composition, anthology and scansion ; 
 on Roman History; on French:—compositions, translations and daily 
 work and mythology. 
 
 The grammar class presented Sacred Science:—Catechism and 
 Bible History ; English:—language and composition; History :—Ameri¬ 
 can, Ancient and French. 
 
 There was very well prepared daily work from the Intermediate and 
 the Primary classes. Good work from those departments gives special 
 honor to an institution. 
 
 The needle-work comprised :—Embroidery, two albums,—ten panels 
 each,— displaying many patterns and various stitches, that had been 
 united to produce exquisite results. A panel with a Hibiscus embroid¬ 
 ered on it was quite handsome. Plain needle-work was not neglected, 
 as the three panels, containing twenty-four specimens, proved. 
 
 The music department presented a fine collection of original 
 pieces. “Cerca del Cielo” and “Joyeuses Pensees” were original in¬ 
 strumental pieces by two of the pupils. “A Serenade” and a collection 
 of “Hymns and Songs” were composed by one of the Sisters; she also 
 arranged “A Chorus Accompaniment,” and the music for the “Salve 
 Regina,” as sung by Columbus. 
 
 The musical exhibit was ornamented with drawings, by one of the 
 pupils, who gave six very pretty representations of stringed instruments, 
 as the work of her skillful pencil. The class in Harmony wrote papers 
 on the theory of music that showed an extended knowledge of the subject. 
 
 The Normal Department of this institution gave to the exhibit 
 specimens of chenille work and samples of Irish Point lace, made by the 
 Sisters; books published by former students and selections from the her¬ 
 baria and cabinets ot the institution. These selections were mounted on 
 transparent celluloid, and made a pretty as well as scientific appearance. 
 
 Several of the beautiful and artistic frontispieces in the bound 
 volumes were the work of the Sisters. Specimens of programs, addresses 
 and diplomas were displayed and the collection of photographs was ex¬ 
 tensive and interesting, making the beholder acquainted with the inte¬ 
 rior and exterior of college, academy and parochial school, with the 
 members of music, calisthenics, botany and sewing classes, with the 
 pupils of college, academy, parochial school, kindergarten and boys’ school 
 also with the cornelian monument erected to the foundress of the com¬ 
 munity. An illustrated catalogue of this institution lies before us, and 
 impresses us very favorably, gives us, in fact, an impression quite in 
 harmony with that produced by its exhibit, when we examined it in the 
 Liberal Arts Department in Chicago. 
 
One of the principal branch houses of Notre Name, of Ban Jose, is 
 Notre Dame of Ban Francisco which, in 1866, sprang up in the shadow 
 of old Mission Dolores and is now a flourishing institution. Connected 
 with it is a successful parochial school. From the college were sent 
 seventeen volumes of class work and one volume of beautiful composi¬ 
 tions, not only composed by the students, hut printed by them, skillfully 
 printed too, with due regard for all the technicalities of the trade. 
 
 The class work, each part of it worthy of favorable comment for 
 its almost perfect qualities, comprised papers on Sacred Science, as 
 manifested in Catechism and Church History ; on Mathematics, as far as 
 arithmetic, algebra, geometry and book-keeping show its principles; on 
 the study of English Language, as presented in grammar, etymology, 
 composition, rhetoric, literature and anthology; on Languages, Latin and 
 
 black ground. A very fine and interesting piece of work was a series 
 of maps showing eighteen of the principal cities of the world. A similar 
 series on colored bristol board, with descriptions of the counties of Cali¬ 
 fornia, was very excellent. Representations of the Notre Dame exhibits 
 are given in the illustrations of alcove 21. 
 
 The academies in charge of these Sisters, and taking part in the 
 educational display, were “Our Lady of Angels,” at Santa Clara; “Notre 
 Dame,” at San Jose and “Notre Dame,” at Alameda. Their exhibits com¬ 
 prised written work, clear, beautiful, well expressed and almost perfectly 
 correct, on the three departments of Sacred Science, namely, Cate¬ 
 chism, Bible History and Church History; Mathematics, as presented in 
 arithmetic, algebra and book-keeping ; Natural Science as learned in 
 astronomy, physics and physiology; English Language, as studied in 
 
 French and on Natural Science, given in beautiful outlines, for leaf and 
 flower studies, and ornamented with botanical designs. History, uni¬ 
 versal and miscellaneous was accompanied by the study of geography. 
 Two volumes of handsome maps drawn by the pupils, had a prominent 
 place among the above exhibits. 
 
 Among the most beautiful features of the work of this exhibit was 
 the illustrated volume of anthology, or collection of beautiful passages 
 from English and American authors, the illustrations so dainty and 
 pretty, and the frontispiece a bouquet of roses in water colors, by one 
 of the Sisters. The leaf and flower studies, California specimens from 
 garden, field and wayside, were also very beautiful, as were likewise, 
 the series of botanical drawings done with a pen, using white ink on a 
 
 grammar, with parsing and diagraming; Rhetoric, as presented in com¬ 
 position, literature and choice selections; History, divided as American, 
 Roman and Grecian, including mythology, biographies and current 
 events ; Geography, learned by topical reviews and map-drawing. The 
 natural and physical sciences, particularly botany, were finely illustrated. 
 
 The work from the parochial schools was in no particular inferior, 
 only that the grades were not as far advanced as those in the colleges and 
 academies. The bright, intelligent children of the poor and of the well- 
 to-do classes of society are gifted, and their mental gifts meet every en¬ 
 couragement on the part of the religious teachers of every Order. 
 
 The parochial schools, St. Joseph’s, of San Jose, St. Alovsius’ Boys 
 School, of San Jose, Notre Dame School, of Redwood City and the female 
 
 59 
 
department of St. Francis’ School, San Francisco, in charge of the Sisters 
 of Notre Dame de Namur, contributed very excellent work in forty-five 
 volumes of papers on primary and grammar school branches, including 
 civil government, natural and physical sciences. 
 
 The Notre Dame exhibit was the fruit of three weeks labor on the 
 part of the pupils, specimen pages not merely of the best work but of the 
 every day efforts of the pupils in grades, giving a general idea of the 
 ground gone over during the first half session of the scholastic year. The 
 illustrations were the unamended sketches by the pupils. In literature 
 they treated of the best works of authors; in chemistry of experiments; 
 in astronomy, of the starry heavens; in botany, the native and the culti¬ 
 vated flora and in entomology, of the insects of field and garden. The 
 Institute of Notre Dame de Namur is a modern religious Order, that has 
 proved its claim to a place in the onward march of modern progress. 
 We now turn to one of the ancient Orders, one with the venerable age of 
 six hundred years; yet we shall doubtless, find it full of vitality and 
 enthusiasm. 
 
 The Dominican Sisters entered California in the early days of Bishop 
 Alemany’s administration, and have prospered, in their good works, as 
 only those do whose unselfishness and devoted charity God blesses, as a 
 token of His divine pleasure. 
 
 The Mother House is at San Rafael, and there, too, is the “Domini¬ 
 can College,” from which came an exhibit that was enthusiastically 
 commented upon by all visitors to San Francisco’s educational display. 
 
 The volumes were beautifully bound in brown morocco and orna¬ 
 mented with the Dominican coat of arms in gold. The frontispieces of 
 the volumes were artistic productions of the pupils, executed in pen 
 work and representing two American flags draped on each side of the 
 coat of arms. 
 
 The contents of the volume of work prepared by the first senior 
 class were as follows:—Written examinations in chemistry, ancient 
 history, Church History, classic literature, English literature, rhetoric 
 also essays on “To-morrow” and “Evidences of Religion.” 
 
 In this volume there were also diagrams, beautifully drawn, showing: 
 —“The Origin of the English Language,” “The Inflected Languages” 
 and “A Synoptic Diagram of the Crusades”; in addition to these, there 
 were charts of English authors and their leading works, and an original 
 analysis of Dryden’s “Alexander’s Feast,” a piece of literary work worthy 
 of special mention, by reason of the matter it contained and the grouping 
 of its subjects. 
 
 The class of ’92 presented a volume of delightful literary work, as 
 follows :—Essay, “Dante”; Historical Sketch, “Dominican College at San 
 Rafael”; Debate, “Higher Education for Women”; Character Study, 
 “Portia”; Essay, “Uncrowned Heroes”; Original Poem, “Veritas”; Prac¬ 
 tical Problems in Trigonometry and Geometry, with illustrations in pen- 
 drawing. In this volume were also beautifully copied and charmingly 
 illustrated poems: Whittier’s “Angel of Patience,” “The Mist,” by H. M. 
 Skidmore and “The Song of the Mystic,” by Father Ryan, the poet- 
 priest. The illustrations that decorated this volume were “Six Scenes 
 in San Francisco,” “The Head of Dante” in several attitudes, the 
 portraits of “Columbus” and of “Isabella of Castile,” a picture of the 
 Dominican College and a fancy picture of-the “Angel of Patience,” all in 
 pen-work of great beauty and skill; indeed, it was difficult to distinguish 
 these pictures from engravings, so perfectly were they executed. The 
 papers on trigonometry and geometry were especially meritorious, and 
 the poem “Veritas” received much praise. 
 
 The senior class presented examination papers on the following 
 subjects:—algebra, geology, Roman history, modern history, American 
 literature, logic, mythology, rhetoric, and an essay, “The Trials of Author¬ 
 ship.” The problems in algebra and the various geological epochs were 
 illustrated with pen-pictures, and the logic with diagrams. 
 
 The junior class contributed a volume containing written examina¬ 
 tions in physical geography, civil government, grammar, French and 
 English history and rhetoric, with an essay on Queen Isabella, also a 
 paper called “Catholic Teachings from ‘Our Christian Heritage.’ ” The 
 following maps and charts were in this volume:—Several, maps 
 and diagrams making clear the disputed claims to various European 
 thrones; a chart of the winds; a tidal and thermal chart; a rain chart; a 
 volcano chart; a chart of the seasons and of the circulation of the atmos¬ 
 phere. These maps and charts were very attractive, showing not only 
 skill in drawing but a wide scientific knowledge of the subjects. 
 
 Another volume of work from the junior class contained written exam¬ 
 
 inations in elementary algebra, higher arithmetic, astronomy, natural 
 philosophy and hygenic physiology. The mathematical examinations 
 were based chiefly on practical problems and the general principles from 
 which rules are derived. The illustrations in this volume showed the 
 various mechanical powers of “Swan’s Lamp,” “The Edison Lamp” 
 and “The Bell Telephone”; various drawings made clear the principles 
 of Hydrostatics and Hydraulics. Then followed a very superior series of 
 maps: “The Heavens For Every Month In The Year,” “Positions Of 
 The Pole At The Solstices And Equinoxes,” “The Eclipses Of The Sun 
 And Moon,” “The Moon’s Phases,” “Decrease Of Light And Heat Froip 
 The Sun” and “Relative Positions Of Various Planets.’ ’ These maps or 
 charts were not excelled by any thing of the kind in the entire exhibit; 
 no mere description in words can do them justice, they should have been 
 seen to be fully appreciated. 
 
 One of the most efficient means of acquiring and retaining knowl¬ 
 edge is the taking of notes, while reading or studying; that this is the 
 custom of the pupils of San Rafael Dominican College was proved by 
 their note books and the excellent contents thereof, such as :—“Recent 
 Discoveries in Astronomy,” “Recent Events in History,” “Recent Literary 
 Events,” “Notes Taken During a Trip to Rome.” In this same album 
 was an essay in French on “Isabella and Columbus,” exercises in short¬ 
 hand and poems on St. Dominic and St. Catherine. The illustrations 
 that adorned these papers were ‘.‘The Rosary Group,”“In Hoc Signo Vin¬ 
 ces,” “Rock of Ages,” “I Am The Vine,’ ’ The Escurial Palace, The Church 
 of Santa Sabina and Cardinal Xemenes; these pictures were exqui¬ 
 sitely executed in pen-work. The astronomical maps,“ Recent Discoveries,” 
 proved two important points, the artistic ability of those who drew them 
 and the fact that the institution keeps posted regarding all the topics of 
 the day. A charming botanical volume justly claimed a prominent place 
 in the display, and secured much notice for its pictures and specimens. 
 Another delightful book was the album containing the wild flowers of 
 California, skillfully preserved, analyzed, classified and very taste¬ 
 fully arranged. Handsome and creditable were the specimens of plain 
 and ornamental penmanship, presented in this volume, and long did 
 we linger over the Historical Charts, so beautiful and instructive, that 
 graced another well-filled album which contained also Count Zaba’s 
 “Method of Teaching History,” accompanied by notes and illustrations 
 from the pupils. A volume on Music presented exercises in harmony, 
 anti thorough bass, musical compositions, transpositions, etc., etc., orna¬ 
 mented with drawings of various musical instruments, as they were 
 constructed at different historical periods. 
 
 The volume of photographs presented pictures of the exterior and 
 the interior of the college, and of various points on the grounds, com¬ 
 prising in all, about one hundred different views. The wall display 
 comprised six framed pictures in pencil drawing representing scenes in 
 the life of St. Agnes, and one water-color piece portraying the college build¬ 
 ing; these were from the Normal Department. About thirty large charts, 
 illustrating astronomical and philosophical subjects, and diagrams of 
 various scientific subjects were contributed by the students. In addition 
 to these, the wall was decorated with a multitude of mounted botanical 
 specimens. 
 
 Besides the exhibits already described, there were eight volumes of 
 work representing the academic and elementary departments, also a full 
 course of kindergarten work. The last named display comprised speci¬ 
 mens of kindergarten dra wing, patterns of various kinds for ornamenting 
 cards, patterns executed in water colors, kindergarten embroidery, 
 patterns made up with silk on cards, various units of form and scales of 
 color presented with paper cut and arranged by the tiny pupils ; paper 
 weaving, paper interlacing, paper folding, paper forms, coloring and em¬ 
 bossing,—all these divisions of kindergarten work were shown in the 
 Dominican exhibit, not only from San Rafael, but from St. Vincent’s 
 School, at Vallejo, St. Rose’s Academy, at San Francisco and St. Agnes’ 
 and St. Joseph’s schools, at Stockton. 
 
 In each volume of the entire Dominican exhibit, each individual 
 topic was separated, from the preceding and the following one, by appro¬ 
 priate pen sketches of subjects bearing on the topic in question. Almost 
 without exception, these sketches were executed in free hand drawing; in 
 fact, all the pen-work,—writing, printing and sketching,—was worthy of 
 highest commendation. It was an exquisite pleasure, in turning the 
 leaves of the various albums, to meet with these daintily beautiful illus¬ 
 trations, and to note, at the same time, that the written text was in every 
 particular worthy of the charming pictures that decorated it. 
 
In our illustration of alcove 23, the reader will see above its entrance 
 the title “St. Rose’s Academy,” and in that part of the alcove will be 
 perceived several of the Dominican exhibits. The kindergarten work 
 from San Rafael and other Dominican schools will be noticed at the left 
 hand side of alcove 27. Bearing in mind the statement made above 
 regarding pen sketches in connection with the bound class work, the 
 reader will form some idea of the magnitude of that one feature of this 
 exhibit, by glancing at the following list,—the contents of the fourteen 
 large volumes, the bindings of which have already been described, 
 viz.: —Grammar, literature, rhetoric, letter-writing, historical essays, 
 physicalgeography, United States history, history of France, astronomy 
 and physiology. To continue our notice of the Dominican exhibit, we 
 turn to the consideration of the work from St. Rose’s Academy, at San 
 
 Rose’s students presenting beautifully written and well expressed class- 
 work as follows:—Studies in English, comprising papers on grammar, 
 rhetoric, literature, compositions and letters, marked by the excellent 
 qualities of scholarship common to the pupils of California’s Dominican 
 schools. As from St. Rafael’s so from St. Rose’s, came very meritorious 
 papers on natural and physical science, including physics, astronomy, 
 chemistry, physiology and botany, with pretty, skillful drawings to illus¬ 
 trate them. The problems in algebra and the demonstrations in geometry 
 were beautifully written out; history and historical essays were strongly 
 presented; Christian Doctrine was handled reverently, yet treated with 
 exactness,—these papers were one and all, worthy of high commenda¬ 
 tion for their almost faultless qualities. Besides the fourteen volumes of 
 this style of work there came from St. Rose’s, twelve booklets con- 
 
 ALCOVE NO. 21, DIOCESAN EXHIBIT OF SAN FBANCISCO. EXHIBITS OF LA DIES’ OF THE 
 SACKED HEART, SISTERS OF NOTRE DAME, SISTERS OF MERCY AND URSULINE NUNS. 
 
 Francisco. The volumes were, in size and binding, similar to those from 
 the college at San Rafael and the work showed an admirable uniformity 
 with that from the Mother House; the same methods, the same style of 
 doing things, the same order and regularity in the execution of any 
 educational design, and yet an individuality in the thoughts expressed 
 and the views presented. Each religious Order, in fact, that flourishes 
 in California shows this feature of educational perfection and though 
 the various Orders differ widely from each other, yet, all the branches of 
 any one Order harmonize with each other and with the Mother House, 
 and most assuredly do they find that, in educational affairs, as well as 
 in affairs of state, “union is strength.” 
 
 We were not surprised then, to find the fourteen volumes from St. 
 
 tabling sketches of the Old Missions painted in water colors and one 
 containing a biography of Columbus, illustrated in water colors. From 
 the Normal Department was sent an album of carefully preserved, taste¬ 
 fully arranged and skillfully analyzed and classified wild flowers of 
 California. 
 
 Two parish schools of the city of San Francisco, St. Rafael’s, and St. 
 Joseph’s, dependent on the Convent of San Rafael contributed to the 
 exhibit five volumes of carefully prepared and very creditable work in 
 higher and primary arithmetic, grammar, primary language lessons, 
 general history, French history, primary geography, rhetoric, composition, 
 exercises in French, German and Italian; also papers on Catechism and 
 Christian Doctrine. 
 
.rKAiNUiSOO. SCHOOLS OF THE CHRISTIAN BROTHERS, SISTERS OF THE HOLY NAMES 
 
 SISTERS OF MERCY, PRESENTATION NUNS AND SISTERS OF CHARITY. 
 
 St, Agnes’ Dominican Academy, at San Francisco, and St. Vincent’s 
 parish school, at Vallejo, presented work in the collective display from 
 San Rafael. The former sent eight volumes of beautiful class work in 
 Christian Doctrine, geography, literature, geology, astronomy, algebra 
 and geometry, also an album of photographs. The latter sent seventeen 
 sets of examination papers, including work in the primary and grammar 
 school branches; also seven charts showing diagrams for grammar, 
 beautiful pen-work and a display of correctly selected colors and tints, 
 arranged and named by the pupils, a difficult task, one that their elders 
 might be pardoned for failing to fulfill properly. Now we take a linger¬ 
 ing farewell look at this magnificent contribution to San Francisco’s 
 grand exhibit. The Dominican kindergarten work from St. Vincent’s, 
 St. Rose’s, St. Agnes’, St. Joseph’s and San Rafael, we have already men- 
 
 reflected credit alike on teachers and pupils, for the work was as nearly 
 perfect as the best school work ever is; the flaws, if any existed, were 
 trifling and not easily perceived. “Stories of California Missions” made 
 a valuable and very interesting volume. There was also a collection of 
 fine maps and many photographs. The Academy of the Immaculate Con¬ 
 ception is not a branch of San Rafael, but an independent house in charge 
 of Sisters of the Second Order of St. Dominic, and is located on Guer¬ 
 rero Street, San Francisco. 
 
 Dependent on the above institution is St, Boniface’s parish school 
 of San Francisco, which contributed to the exhibit two volumes of 
 Catechism and Bible History; two volumes of grammar and composi¬ 
 tion ; two volumes of geography and United States history; three 
 volumes of arithmetic ; one volume of California nroducts: 
 
 tioned ; the illustrations of alcove 27 give a very fair idea of that depart¬ 
 ment of their educational work. 
 
 The Dominican Academy of the Immaculate Conception presented 
 fourteen volumes of school work, containing grammar, deprived of its 
 dullness by attractive methods; rhetoric, with accompanying composi¬ 
 tions, excellent as to thought, expression and style; arithmetic, algebra 
 and geometry, with all the solid beauty of well-analyzed problems, 
 properly arranged equations and scientific demonstration of proposi¬ 
 tions or theorems; United States history, with outlines and maps ; 
 Natural Science:—physiology, physics, astronomy and chemistry care¬ 
 fully expressed and illustrated; Christian Doctrine, showing clearly the 
 teachings of the Church, as regards dogma and morals. All these papers 
 
 mansinp; two volumes of English composition; three volumes of 
 German compositions and one album of photographs. The above sub¬ 
 jects were treated of hi accordance with accepted methods of the day - 
 the penmanship was excellent, the language well chosen, the expression 
 clear and concise. 
 
 ° ur I i ' ad - y of Mercy’s Academy, taught by the Sisters of Mercy, is in 
 bt. Brendan’s Parish, San Francisco. This academy had an exhibit of 
 forty-three volumes of solid school work from the primary, grammar and 
 academic departments. One striking feature of the papers was the exact 
 uniformity in the style of arranging questions, ruling margins, forms of 
 leadings, etc., although some of the papers were written in 1889. All 
 papers were ruled with red ink. 
 
The course in religious instruction was presented in four volumes 
 treating of Church History, Bible History, Church Ceremonies and 
 Christian Doctrine. All were profusely illustrated. 
 
 In eight volumes was seen the work in composition and language; 
 of these, three were devoted to technical grammar, including many neat 
 diagrams. One volume from the primary pupils consisted of full-page 
 illustrations or pictures, each one followed by a picture-story composed 
 by children between six and nine years of age. The four remaining 
 volumes consisted of compositions nearly all on subjects of local interest, 
 such as:—“San Francisco Bay,” “History of San Francisco,” “Early 
 Government of San Francisco,” “Street-car Lines of San Francisco,” 
 “The Presidio,” “The Churches of San Francisco,” “Orphan Asylums,” 
 
 have acquired a clear and extensive knowledge before they wrote their 
 compositions. 
 
 Every experienced teacher will appreciate the good sense of such a 
 choice of subjects and the utter disregard for abstract subjects. Another 
 collection of compositions treated of subjects of general interest, rather 
 than local. 
 
 The course in mathematics was displayed in seven volumes, consist¬ 
 ing of work from every grade and including number work, according to 
 the Grube method also arithmetic, algebra and geometry. The method of 
 arrangement, the orderly form of the problems and the clearness of the 
 solutions showed that the pupils are taught not to memorize rules, but to 
 think for themselves. The work was well illustrated by red ink sketches, 
 
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 ALCOVE NO. 25, DIOCESAN EXIIIRIT OF SAN FRANCISCO. SCHOOLS OF THE CHRISTIAN BROTHERS, SISTERS OF THE HOLY NAMES, 
 SISTERS OF MERCY, PRESENTATION NUNS AND SISTERS OF CHARITY. 
 
 “A Visit to the Mint,” “Our Lady of Mercy’s Academy,” “Our School 
 Museum” and “Gobelin Tapestry,” of which there are some fine pieces in 
 the school museum. The above are examples of the excellent subjects 
 chosen for the pupils to discuss in their compositions; many others of a 
 similar nature were used, all of which were well handled by the pupils 
 and their interest was enhanced by the presence of photographs of scenes 
 connected with matters under consideration. These essays were not 
 written without the pupils’ fund of general information having been 
 greatly increased, and it is well known what a valuable possession that is. 
 Pre-historie navigation, early explorers in California, the mission settle¬ 
 ments, the Spanish occupation, the discovery of gold, the American con¬ 
 quest, the admission of the State to the Union and the development of 
 the country, were some of the subjects regarding which the pupils must 
 
 the mensuration being very carefully shown by diagrams. One volume 
 on book-keeping displayed excellent work. 
 
 The four volumes in geography showed a carefully graded course. 
 From the little ones of the second grade were some interesting papers on 
 the geography of the class-room, school-building and immediate vicinity. 
 The third grade presented an entire volume on the “Geography of San 
 Francisco.” Every natural division of land or water in or surrounding 
 the city, every public building, public resorts, churches, street-car lines, 
 means of transportation to and from the city, the wharves, the city 
 officials, and the main points in the history of San Francisco, were men¬ 
 tioned. In every case good illustrations, photographs, engravings or 
 sketches added to the interest. The frontispiece presented a faithful 
 portrait of the mayor of the city. Throughout the entire work on geo- 
 
graphy, maps drawn by the pupils were freely interspersed. This volume 
 was followed by one from the fourth grade. The plan was the same as 
 that of the former, but the work embraced the entire State of California. 
 Judging from these volumes, local geography and history were very 
 carefully taught. This is an excellent idea. 
 
 From the pupils of the Grammar and Academic Departments 
 were some excellent papers on political, physical and mathematical 
 geography, all well illustrated. 
 
 The papers on history filled four volumes embracing all the epochs of 
 time and touching on all the races of human beings. The greater part of 
 the work was devoted to United States history and to the history of 
 California, special mention being made of the latter. These volumes 
 were profusely illustrated with beautiful pictures drawn by the pupils, 
 which brightened the work very greatly, besides making the various 
 subjects clearer to the mind. Beautiful in their ]terfection of artistic skill 
 and taste, the pictures served many useful purposes. 
 
 One large volume, carefully illustrated, showed that the pupils were 
 familiar with the history of the English language as well as with the 
 literary landmarks of our own and other countries. The wide range of 
 an excellent reading course was easily discerned. Throughout the volume 
 were found fine sketches of old friends and the familiar faces of our best 
 authors. The course in literature commenced in the lowest primary 
 grades. 
 
 Four volumes were devoted to science, including botany, philosophy, 
 astronomy, physiology, mineralogy and zoology. Elementary science 
 received great attention from the pupils of the primary and lower gram¬ 
 mar grades. One volume from primary pupils, was composed of papers 
 on “Form and Color.” A glance at these papers showed that the pupils 
 were familiar, not only with ordinary geometric forms, but also with the 
 names and meanings, or signification of the forms of decorative art, 
 such as the trefoil, quatrefoil, etc. The papers on color showed a knowl¬ 
 edge of the solar spectrum, color definitions, proper combination of 
 color, contrasts, harmonies, etc. Every paper was illustrated by colored 
 paper according to the Prang color scheme. The volume was very in¬ 
 structive, as well as attractive, and gave much pleasure to the examiner 
 who had made a study of color, the papers being cut in some pattern of 
 decorative art. Numerous pictures illustrated the science volume and 
 testified to the artistic, as well as the scientific knowledge of the pupils. 
 
 Two volumes contained excellent work in spelling and definitions, 
 word analysis and word building. In primary grades, much of the work 
 consisted in the formation of original sentences suggested by the accom¬ 
 panying engravings. The neatness and order of these papers made them 
 most attractive. 
 
 Five bound volumes of specimens in drawing, contained some really 
 admirable sketches in pencil, crayon and water color. These included 
 free-hand, mechanical and perspective drawings. Many of the hand¬ 
 some designs and patterns for borders, center-pieces and corners, for 
 ornamental work, were [original and promised for the pupils who origin¬ 
 ated them a pleasant way of earning a livelihood in the future. 
 
 Three handsome volumes showed the work in music, exercises of 
 various kinds, compositions and transpositions, also essays on musical 
 subjects ; historical and biographical sketches added to the interest, and 
 beautiful illuminated decorative work added to the excellence of these 
 priceless books. 
 
 Accompanying the exhibit, was a large album containing views 
 of the exterior and interior of the school-building, including views 
 of class-rooms, exhibition hall, museum, school orchestra and groups of 
 pupils in many different positions. 
 
 A catalogue of the different volumes, naming the grade and depart¬ 
 ment of each was quite interesting. The following is a brief sketch of the 
 history of the academy: 
 
 “In June, 1871, the Sisters of Mercy opened a school at their own 
 expense and on their own property, situated at Bryant and First Streets, 
 in San Francisco, that part of the city being then included in St. 
 Patrick’s parish, the parochial school conducted by the Sisters of 
 Charity being at some distance. The attendance the first day was only 
 eleven, but when school closed for summer vacation, it had increased to 
 three hundred. At the end of the third year the daily attendance was five 
 hundred. On July 29,1881, the school was incorporated as Our Lady of 
 Mercy’s Academy. On the eleventh of December, 1885, the building was 
 burned to the ground with its contents with the exception of a small 
 collection of natural curiosities kept in a room on the east side of the 
 
 building which escaped. The Sisters continued to instruct the children 
 in detached rooms, utilizing even a baggage room until the Reverend 
 Pastor erected the present building.” 
 
 Our Lady of Mercy’s Academy is a two story frame building, 
 situated at the corner of Tremont and Harrison Streets, San Francisco. 
 It is in charge of the Sisters and under the spiritual direction of Rev. J. 
 F. Nugent, pastor of St. Brendan’s Church. 
 
 Our Lady of Mercy’s Kindergarten, under the charge of the Sisters of 
 Mercy, has the honor of being the first Catholic kindergarten opened in 
 San Francisco, it having been established in 1883. The exhibit con¬ 
 sisted of seven bound volumes in different colors of cloth. 
 
 Volume I. contained original patterns of borders, corners, center- 
 pieces, forms of beauty and of life, in pencil and water color, all executed 
 on finely ruled cards. 
 
 Volume II. was an excellent collection of cards of various designs, 
 embroidered in silk. The frontispiece was a banner of cream-colored 
 and blue silk, on which was a gold shield and around this shield was 
 nicely worked the name and location of the kindergarten. The standard 
 colors were next shown on six cards, each card consisting of a center- 
 piece, border and two corresponding corners all a unit of form and one 
 scale of color. The first design consisted of curved lines and shades in 
 red; the second, of triangles in blue; the third of squares in yellow; 
 the fourth of rhombs in orange; the fifth of hexagons in green and the 
 sixth of octagons in purple. Then followed many pretty cards of beauti¬ 
 ful and varied designs. 
 
 Volume III. contained pretty pieces of fancy weaving and interlac¬ 
 ing. The title, “Our Lady of Mercy’s Kindergarten, San Francisco, Cali¬ 
 fornia, 1883—1892,” was worked in green, gold and red. Through¬ 
 out the volume one was impressed by the harmony of colors. 
 
 Volume IV. contained designs in perforating and embossing. In 
 some designs perforating, sewing and coloring were combined, showing 
 a great variety of very pretty patterns. 
 
 In Volume V. were many attractive designs in color, illustrating ele¬ 
 mentary study in botany and other sciences. The illustrations of fruits 
 and flowers were remarkably faithful imitations of nature. The work in 
 this volume was distinguished by neatness and order, as well as careful 
 execution. 
 
 Volume VI. presented geometrical forms of decorative art, each in a 
 unit of form and in one scale of color. Some of the specimens were beau¬ 
 tifully cut from very intricate patterns forming lovely designs in which 
 the harmonies of contrast and analogy had a most pleasing effect. The 
 solar spectrum was very prettily shown. 
 
 Volume VII. contained many well executed patterns in paper-folding, 
 in an almost endless variety of form, color and design. Vases, crosses, 
 baskets, etc., were made from a number of small foldings, each not more 
 than one quarter of an inch square. From these volumes about one 
 hundred cards, each 10 by 12 inches, were exhibited on the wall. Every 
 design in the kindergarten exhibit was original, most of the patterns 
 having been made specially for the Columbian Exhibit. 
 
 In the background of the illustration on page 65 (alcove 27), 
 at right of doorway, under the title “St. Brendan’s Kindergarten,” will 
 be seen the representation of the beautiful work wrought by these tiny 
 pupils of the Sisters of Mercy. 
 
 The Sisters of Merc} 7 were creditably represented at the Columbian 
 Exposition by another academy, that of St. Gertrude, located in Rio 
 Vista. The handsomely illuminated history of the academy that was 
 sent by its normal department made the interested visitor acquainted with 
 its origin and progress, as he stood in the midst of the evidences of the 
 latter. These evidences were contained in twenty-five beautifully bound 
 volumes of class exercises of great merit. 
 
 Arithmetic, algebra and geometry—ah, what a wide field for display 
 of the “how” and the “why,” that only mathematics methodically treated 
 can answer! The wee, short queries did not, in this case, fail to obtain 
 the proper replies, given with the best of style. Grammar, rhetoric, com¬ 
 position and English literature,—beautiful work! The young ladies 
 who prepared it are well equipped, if we may judge from these papers, 
 to say “the word in season,” to send abroad the powerful “winged word” 
 and to be always sure of gaining woman’s dearest privilege,—the utterance 
 of “the last word.” All the departments of history were “in evidence,” 
 on the occasion, and the philosophy of history had not been forgotten. 
 Physiology, natural philosophy, astronomy, physical geography,—here 
 were proofs that nothing had been learned in a superficial manner; there 
 
was depth, as well as surface, to the knowledge of science here displayed, 
 and if that were true of the natural and physical sciences, how much 
 more true was it of the papers on Sacred Science. 
 
 The practical science was not forgotten, for here were specimens of 
 penmanship, stenography and typewriting,—excellent specimens, too: 
 no slipshod work, but with an air of business-like propriety and cor¬ 
 rectness about it. The studies in crayon and in oil are represented in 
 the illustration on page (>1 (alcove 21), at the right hand, near the front. 
 Just below these pictures there rest upon the shelves the volumes upon 
 which we have just commented. 
 
 St. Peter’s Academy, in St. Peter’s Parish, San Francisco, is conducted 
 by the Sisters of Mercy. The exhibit from this institution consisted of 
 twenty-one neatly bound volumes of school work, chiefly specimens of 
 
 work from pupils of every grade. Original stories from the juveniles, 
 spelling, definitions, word analysis, compositions, all kinds of epistolary 
 correspondence from the grammar grades, exercises in amplification, ab¬ 
 stracts, paraphrasing essays, biographical sketches, with pen and ink 
 illustrations from the academic grades, showed the pupils’ proficiency. 
 1st. A blank from each child, showing the home work of the year in 
 every branch taught, was also exhibited. A collection of re-written 
 papers of the year’s work, consisting chiefly of algebra and arithmetic, 
 was shown. 2d. The diagram of every problem admitting demonstra¬ 
 tion was given with the solution. The training in business forms and. 
 book-keeping was complete. The ruling of this part of mathematics 
 was remarkably well executed. The work of the grades in geometry 
 was presented in blank book form, each pupil showing a year’s work. 
 
 TTOOLS OF THE CHRISTIAN BROTHERS, BROTHERS OF MARY, SISTERS OF NOTRE DAME, SISTERS OF 
 ’ERS OF THE HOLY FAMILY AND THE SISTERS OF ST. JOSEPH. 
 
 ALCOVE NO. 27, DIOCESAN EXHIBIT OF SAN FRANCISCO. 
 
 ' MERCY, SISTERS OF ST. DOMINICK, PRESENTATION NUNS, SISTERS OF CHARITY. 
 
 A PART OF THIS ALCOVE CONTAINED A LARGE PORTION OF THE KINDERGARTEN EXHIBITS OF THE PARISH SCHOOLS OF THE DIOCESE 
 
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 re-written examination papers. The style and arrangement showed uni¬ 
 formity throughout. Besides the examination papers of the entire school, 
 the senior and grammar grades had contributed essays and compositions 
 on subjects of local interest, while the primary classes had written stories. 
 The little ones, not being able to illustrate with sketches, as the seniors 
 had creditably done, made use of pictures to enliven the interest of the 
 reader. 
 
 To show the course in. religious instruction, two large volumes were 
 prepared. In these the thoroughness of the pupils of the different grades 
 in all that pertains to the subject of History of Religious Worship, Bible 
 History, Ceremonies of the Church and Christian Doctrine was exempli¬ 
 fied. Five volumns were devoted to the subject of language, showing 
 
 In geography special attention was given to the drawing of maps and 
 of other objects calculated to fix the location of the places studied. 
 Some of the maps drawn showed gratifying skill in this art. Among the 
 illustrations those of most interest were “Pictures of American Cities,” 
 “View's of Picturesque California,” “European Cities,” “Customs of the 
 Orientals,” “African Life,” etc. 3d. The system of topical instruction 
 used in the grammar grades was seen in the arrangement of their papers. 
 4th. The knowledge of the earth’s construction possessed by the higher 
 classes was presented in well-written papers, illustrated with colored inks. 
 5th. Under the head of history were to be found a series of exami¬ 
 nation papers forming a complete study. 6th. History of the United 
 States received particular attention and many excellent illustrations ol 
 
 63 
 
famous battles, forts, etc., with pen portraits of the presidents, adorned 
 the volume. The second volume treated entirely of ancient, mediaeval 
 and modern history. Great attention was paid to “Current Events,” as 
 by this means, the pupils were kept in touch with the times. 
 
 The work underheaded “Science” was pronounced the best, both as 
 to matter treated of and as to charts illustrating the different subjects. 
 Four volumes were devoted to astronomy, physiology, geology and phil¬ 
 osophy. The designs accompanying the philosophical papers were in 
 every respect worthy of great praise. The work on botany was given in 
 blank-book form with explanations and notes, also with pen sketches of 
 the different parts of the flowers; the classes, sub-divisions, families, etc., 
 were mentioned in proper form. 
 
 The drawings received well merited praise, not only for the knowledge 
 of the art, but for the care and neatness displayed in every paper, from 
 the lines and angles of the little ones to the well-executed figures drawn 
 by the advanced classes. Some of the portraits sketched in lead pencil 
 were very excellent. The work of the special class in crayon was de¬ 
 servedly admired. Among the best articles were “St. Peter’s New 
 Church,” “Death of St. Joseph,” “Evening,” “Evangeline,” “An Ideal 
 Face,” “Most Reverend Archbishop Riordan,” “Stag at Bay,” “Cows at 
 Rest,” “Pharaoh’s Horses” and “Light on Water.” “The Lord’s Prayer,” 
 beautifully illuminated by one of the former pupils, received special 
 praise. 
 
 In music the pupils of the academic and grammar grades showed 
 some carefully prepared work. Being accustomed to reading all the 
 music taught, even the youngest children displayed remarkable aptitude. 
 In order to teach the juniors care and neatness in their work, they were 
 required to rule their own staff, etc. 
 
 The seniors showed some careful copying done on ordinary ruled 
 music paper and several original compositions. The classes in harmony 
 presented work in transposition. 
 
 St. Peter’s Parochial School, San Francisco, contributed, to the 
 exhibit of the Sisters of Mercy, seven volumes of language lessons, in 
 accordance with the various methods of giving them; four volumes 
 of arithmetic with each problem so prettily demonstrated as to look like 
 a picture ; three volumes of science, filled with work very scientifically 
 executed; two volumes of geography and two of history, the papers 
 just what they should be; one volume of penmanship, showing all 
 degrees of excellence and four volumes of drawing, displaying various 
 degrees of skill. A pleasing little exhibit, not surpassed in its way, was 
 that from the Academy of Our Lady of Lourdes, at East Oakland, which 
 gave a display quite similar to that from “ Our Lady of Mercy’s Acad¬ 
 emy,” in St. Brendan’s Parish, San Francisco; in fact,the two displays 
 were so near being identical, that we will merely describe the contribu¬ 
 tions from “Our Lady of Lourdes Academy.” The general arrangement 
 of the work, heading, ruling, etc., was uniform throughout. The writing 
 was exceptionally fine and the illustrations, both in water color and pen 
 and ink, were numerous and beautifully executed. 
 
 The volume devoted to religion had a frontispiece in pen and ink 
 showing the Tables of Stone, with Decalogue printed thereon. The 
 following subjects, The Creation, Redemption, Public Life of our Lord, 
 the Holy Mass with its ceremonies and vestments and the History of 
 the First Ages of the Church were interestingly described and well 
 illustrated. A picture of the Castle of St. Angelo and a portrait of St. 
 Patrick going to Tara were among the most admired of the illustrations. 
 
 Under the general heading of language were placed the books of 
 grammar, word analysis, rhetoric and compositions. Grammar:—several 
 styles of sentences diagrammed, parsing and examples of synthesis in 
 various forms, were the leading features of this book. In word analysis 
 was a variety of exercises, the most interesting being those which treated 
 of the origin and signification of words. Exercises in the different figures 
 of speech and in the reconstructing of sentences formed the principal 
 features of the paper on rhetoric. Two large volumes were devoted to 
 compositions. Numberless pictures and reproduction stories and an ex¬ 
 tensive epistolary correspondence were the work of the primary and 
 intermediate grades. Among the subjects for composition chosen by the 
 grammar and senior grades were, “The Cotton Mills of East Oakland,” 
 “A Visit to the Capitol,” “Scenes in California,” “ California Minerals,” 
 “The Presidio,” “A Summer Trip to Oregon,” “A Girl’s Education,” “A 
 Fine Herd,” “Tahiti,” “Mary Catherine McAuley,” “Christopher Colum¬ 
 bus,” “Archbishop Alemany,” “A Story of Our School,” “East Oakland,” 
 “Father Junipero Serra and the California Missions,” “My Trip to the 
 
 Tidal Canal,” “Most Reverend J. Carroll,” “Most Reverend J. Hughes,’* 
 “Father James Marquette,” “Reverend P. de Smet,” “Prince de Gallitzin,” 
 “Daniel O’Connell,” “Charles Carroll,” “Lafayette,” “Our Junior Sena¬ 
 tor, ” “ Roger Taney” and “Commodore Barry.” Some of the compositions 
 were lengthy, yet withal interesting, for the style throughout was pleas¬ 
 ing, and many photographs and sketches brightened their pages. 
 
 Mathematics Avas represented by a series of problems, exemplifying 
 the most important and useful rules; diagrams being draAvn in connec¬ 
 tion Avith all examples in simple measurement and mensuration. Prob¬ 
 lems in quadratic and cubic equations in algebra, and the demonstrations 
 of some very interesting propositions in geometry, completed the exhibit 
 in mathematics, with the exception of book-keeping, of which several well 
 graded sets marked the proficiency of the pupils in that useful art. 
 
 By making judicious selections from previously written examina¬ 
 tions, the Avork of the history classes was so arranged as to form a 
 complete history of America, from the Aboriginal Period to the present 
 time. English history from the Roman Conquest to the Reformation 
 was similarly arranged. Both books were Avell illustrated, the frontis¬ 
 piece being a rare design. 
 
 As in history, so also in geography, selections were made from pre¬ 
 vious work and the result formed also a A’ery interesting volume. 
 California, with its beautiful scenery, climate and productions, was Avell 
 described. A map of the State and drawings representing Mariposa 
 Grove, Yosemite Valley, Interior of a Mine and San Francisco Bay 
 added to the general interest. Besides a topical revieAV of the physical 
 and political geography of Europe, Asia and Africa, a particular study 
 Avas made of each country in the great divisions, and it was not only 
 preceded by a well-drawn map, but had also a drawing in regard to any 
 point of special interest as: the “Salt Mines of Poland,” the “Suez Canal,” 
 “Mount Vesuvius,” “Bay of Naples,” “Entrance to Mount Cenis Tunnel,” 
 “A Scene in India” and several African scenes. 
 
 Papers on physiology, botany, philosophy and astronomy had all 
 been Witten to exemplify accompanying charts, which were large and 
 beautifully executed, particularly the astronomical. The structure of 
 the body, the ear, eye, organs of mastication, the heart and the lungs, 
 were the principal subjects of the physiological papers. 
 
 In botany the different parts of the plants were first shown, then a 
 description of some flower or leaf with an accompanying plate Avas 
 giA'en by each member of the class. The oak-leaf, apple-blossom, sun- 
 flower, lily, California poppy, sweet pea and pansy Avere among the 
 models chosen. 
 
 Machines for generating and storing electricity, the alembic balance 
 and hydraulic press, were very well described and illustrated by the class 
 in philosophy. Some interesting papers exemplifying the charts of the 
 solar system, the planets and the tides concluded the A-olume devoted to 
 science. 
 
 Onb volume containing specimens of linear and free-hand drawing 
 was presented, also some very elaborate studies in crayon, sepia, pastel and 
 water colors. A collection of philosophical and physiological designs 
 was particularly attractive, and several botanical specimens in water- 
 color displayed a combination and shading truly admirable. Many in¬ 
 tricate conventional and oriental designs, pen sketches and maps 
 evidenced unusual perfection and were exceedingly creditable. 
 
 The volume on music commenced with an able essay on that art. 
 This was folloAved by several essays on theory which were exemplified 
 by major and minor, diminished and augmented triads. Tonic, subdomi¬ 
 nant and dominant tones were next illustrated and some good examples 
 of transpositions Avere given. Interesting essays containing the history 
 of the different musical instruments, particularly the piano and organ, 
 also formed a very pleasing feature. A music lesson on one of Bee- 
 thoven’s Rondos Avas made the subject of a very amusing yet instructive 
 story. Short biographies of the leading musical composers, illustrated 
 by pictures, concluded the treatise on music. 
 
 The Avork of the Kindergarten Department embraced a full course of 
 Froebel’s System. 
 
 Set I. Contained circles and semi-circles in different designs. 
 
 Set II. Many pretty designs in perforating and embroidery. 
 
 Set III. Geometrical forms and forms of decorative art in a variety 
 of colors. 
 
 Set IV. Many pretty designs in weaving find interlacing. 
 
 Set V. Consisted of handsome designs of fruit, flowers, etc., in 
 sewing and coloring. 
 
Comments, though merited, are unnecessary, since the reader can 
 recall what has been stated concerning the other academic displays of the 
 Sisters of Mercy. The illustrations of alcoves 23 and 25 (pages 62 and 
 63), show the work described above. 
 
 In the Sacred Heart Presentation Convent, San Francisco, was ar¬ 
 ranged an exhibit that reflected great honor upon the devoted nuns, 
 when it made its appearance in San Francisco and in Chicago, at the 
 respective educational exhibits. 
 
 This display included seven volumes of copy books, showing the 
 improvement of pupils, from the first unsteady lines to the last beauti¬ 
 fully written paragraph ; three volumes of drawings of various degrees 
 of artistic taste and skill; seven volumes of miscellaneous exercises, all 
 well written and each almost perfect in expression and information. 
 Six volumes of compositions contained work that could not be excelled in 
 the qualities dear to a teacher’s heart. From among forty-eight sub¬ 
 
 one of crochet samples, one of painted studies and one of various kinds 
 of needle-work. 
 
 The painted studies were executed in oil and water colors on silk, 
 satin, velvet, plush, iyorine and parchment. The needle-work comprised 
 embroidery in silk, filoselle, arrasene, chenille, filofloss and Turkish silk 
 on satin, velvet, plush, felt and leather. 
 
 Many ladies examined with pleasure, a large framed piece of needle¬ 
 work consisting of a large bunch of roses embroidered in chenille on 
 black satin. Many were likewise attracted by a fire screen of white satin 
 on which a basket of pansies was embroidered in filofloss. Besides the 
 album of painted studies mentioned above, the art department con¬ 
 tributed specimens of illuminating and conventional designs ; a painted 
 banner, roses on blue satin; a landscape in pastel and a large crayon 
 portrait of Archbishop Riordan. 
 
 Art and Science united to produce the large astronomy chart, a ver- 
 
 ALCOVE NO. 27, KINDERGARTEN WORK OF SCHOOLS IN THE ARCHDIOCESE OF SAN FRANCISCO, AS SEEN FROM THE WEST ENTRANCE. 
 
 essays, compositions, etc. : “Inutility of Light Reading,” “Home In¬ 
 fluence,” “Kindness,” “The Kingdoms of Nature,” “Gratitude,” “Filial 
 Affection,” “Duty,” “The Effect of Associating with Others,” “Howto 
 Become a Good Teacher,” “The Sufferings of Life,” “If we make Religion 
 our Business, God will make it our Blessedness.” The three volumes 
 of drawing contained Bartholomew’s Complete Series of Drawing Books, 
 the work being executed with the lead pencil. 
 
 Specimens of illuminating and of conventional designs were shown 
 in the frontispieces for the albums of painting and penmanship. These 
 were each twelve by fifteen inches in size, with illuminated margins and 
 fancy lettering. 
 
 An Astronomy Chart illustrating the seasons was presented in colored 
 chalk on white ground. This piece was about three by two feet in size. 
 The two volumes of algebra contained some very superior work. 
 
 Each of the following albums presented an excellent collection of 
 specimens of various kinds of work, viz .:—an album of penmanship, 
 
 illustrations of the products of each county, and the set of twenty-four 
 object charts which was, in the eyes of practical teachers, the gem of the 
 collection. These charts consisted of twenty-four parts, each part a large 
 sized sheet of black enameled Bristol board, on the upper part of which 
 were glued specimens from the mineral, vegetable and animal kingdoms, 
 and on the lower half of which was written in white ink, an account of 
 these objects. Specimens of typewriting and of stenography and a large 
 collection of photographs completed this pleasing exhibit. 
 
 When looking at the illustration of alcove 23 the reader will perceive 
 on the left hand, near the front, the object charts, and on the right of 
 the background, of the illustration of alcove 25, will be seen the framed 
 needle-work and the fire screen mentioned above. 
 
 The Presentation Convent, in St. Francis’ Parish, San Francisco, was 
 founded in 1854, by Mother M. Teresa Comerford of the Presentation 
 Convent, at Kilkenny, Ireland. The school attached to this convent, 
 in San Francisco, has an attendance of eight hundred children. These 
 
 6 ? 
 
pupils prepared, for the World’s Fair, the following exhibit:—Ten 
 volumes of class exercises, grammar, arithmetic, geography, United 
 States history, composition, algebra, astronomy, Christian Doctrine and 
 other academic branches of study. 
 
 The exercises in penmanship included some very pretty pen draw¬ 
 ings. A number of albums displayed a variety of pretty specimens of 
 art and of ornamental needle-work ; one contained beautiful drawings; 
 one presented exquisite paintings ; one showed display work in penman¬ 
 ship and one held specimens of very dainty needle-work. In addition 
 to the above, there were landscapes and portraits in crayon and in 
 pastel; scenery and figures in oil painting, perspective drawings and 
 drawings from casts. 
 
 A number of handsome maps, in black crayon and in colored crayon, 
 also tapestry work, Kensington embroidery, Spanish lace, bead work, 
 crochet and tatting lent brightness to the display, and gave evidence of 
 admirable skill on the part of those who prepared it. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Presentation School, at Berkeley, sent four,volumes of 
 papers on Christian Doctrine, penmanship, grammar, arithmetic, geo¬ 
 graphy. Bible History, composition, book-keeping, physics, astronomy and 
 drawing. A gratifying display of excellent work. 
 
 From the Presentation Normal School were exhibited essays on vari¬ 
 ous subjects, also lien and ink drawings of many well-known faces in the 
 world of poetry and fiction, accompanied by biographical sketches. The 
 display included diagrams (pen and ink) in philosophy, physiology and 
 astronomy, eacli fully explained, various treatises on botany with illus¬ 
 trations and explanations of-many flowers and leaves; and mathematics 
 was represented by examples in algebra and arithmetic solved and 
 analyzed. 
 
 Many fine pictures executed in oil, pastel and crayon ; familiar 
 European rural scenes, the principal charm of which lay in the delicate 
 yet brilliant coloring, were included in the art display. Photographs 
 enlarged and painted in oils, the same reproduced with pastel and 
 crayons. The most attractive feature of the Exhibit was the floral 
 painting. There were also crayon drawings from casts and brightly 
 illuminated comic illustrations of the alphabet. (See alcove 25.) 
 
 Some very fine specimens of round, straight and angular writing and 
 fancy printing were exhibited. Specimens of penmanship, printing, 
 copy-books, exercise-books, containing algebra and arithmetic problems, 
 compositions, etc., were displayed by the grammar school, also fine 
 specimens of plain and fancy embroidery. (See alcove 25.) 
 
 The Presentation Kindergartens of the Sacred Heart School and of 
 St. Francis’ School, both of San Francisco, exhibited one volume of 
 work, and many mounted specimens of sewing, drawing, weaving, inter¬ 
 lacing, embossing, color, form and designing, as produced by the busy, 
 skillful fingers of the little ones. These objects may be seen reproduced 
 in the illustration of alcove 27. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Joseph are in charge of St. Joseph’s School, Oak¬ 
 land, which contributed fifteen volumes of daily work and quarterly ex¬ 
 aminations in language and mathematics. These branches were so well 
 treated one wished that the others had been included. 
 
 Santa Rosa, California, was honored by an exhibit from the Ursuline 
 Convent of the Sacred Heart, which included eighteen volumes of ele¬ 
 gant class work :—Christian Doctrine, made very attractive by superior 
 methods of presenting it; rhetoric and its rich result, meritorious compo¬ 
 sitions; arithmetic, algebra and geometry, the trio that “tries girls’ souls,” 
 but which seemed to have been beautifully conquered by the bright 
 Ursuline students; grammar and word analysis, which, dull though they 
 be, had not been slighted, but had, evidently, been given careful study; 
 book-keeping, neatly, even elegantly written,'was exact and correct; 
 physiology, physics, astronomy and botany, how much of solid work 
 and severe study those names represent,—which had received this, and 
 even more, from the bright Ursuline pupils, or such satisfactory papers 
 on the subjects had not been presented by them. 
 
 The history papers, both profane and ecclesiastical, were made clear by 
 maps. Maps of the heavens, in black and white, and charts (in colored 
 inks) for physiology, showing different portions of the human body, ac¬ 
 companied certain other papers. The botany was illustrated by pen 
 and ink drawings, also by water-color sketches of leaves and flowers. 
 
 The papers on rhetoric contained lessons in versification, with origi¬ 
 nal poems, illustrating the various kinds of verse. There were also 
 original compositions, essays, notes and letters. The title page of the 
 book was in Gothic letters, in black and white, the binding was imitation 
 
 Russia leather. Besides this large volume, each pupil sent a smaller 
 one containing her own monthly competitions. These smaller books 
 were also bound in imitation Russia leather. The charts astronomy 
 and geometry were of heavy white cardboard, the former showing maps 
 of the heavens, the theory of eclipses and kindred subjects, the latter, in 
 colored inks, illustrating important mathematical principles. 
 
 From the Normal Department came a Benediction veil of heavy 
 white silk embroidered in gold bullion and garnet chenille. 
 
 The volumes of music, original arrangements for harp and piano, 
 were in harmony, as music should be, with the rest of the exhibit. 
 The charts displayed were not inferior ; they presented handsome pencil 
 and pel work for the illustration of astronomy and geometry. There 
 Was an album of photographs, the contents of which made the reader 
 familiar with the scenes in and about the Ursuline Convent. 
 
 The gem of the collection was a stole, richly embroidered in chenille 
 and gold, presented by the Ursuline Normal Department. Some of the 
 exhibits from this institution may be seen pictured at the right in front 
 of the illustration of alcove 25 and others, the charts, for instance, at the 
 left, near front of alcove 27. 
 
 As the reader dwells upon the illustration of alcove 27, he will 
 notice, near the front, on the right hand, a glass covered case; this con¬ 
 tains a large cushion of white silk beautifully painted, a handsome 
 table scarf and a prettily ornamented glove box, these objects were from 
 the Convent of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart in charge of the Sisters of 
 the Most Holy Name, and were the work of their students. They also 
 prepared thirteen volumes containing arithmetic, algebra and geometry, 
 putting into their solid gravity some of girlhood’s charm, by the neat 
 and pretty manner in which they demonstrated the problems and 
 theorems; rhetoric and literature, so carefully studied as to make delight¬ 
 ful the compositions that followed; the various branches of history, 
 thought provoking, when learned, as these pupils had evidently learned 
 them, before they could treat so well of the subjects; physiology, physics, 
 astronomy and botany, profound sciences, written of in a style that hacl 
 nothing of the superficial about it, but proved hard, earnest study to 
 have laid the foundation of the knowledge shown; Christian Doctrine 
 which, it is needless to state, had been as zealously taught and as lovingly 
 learned, as it was reverently treated. The “booklets of penmanship” 
 contained some very dainty work. The juvenile sewing album demon¬ 
 strated the wisdom of beginning these things in extreme youth. 
 
 Albums of photographs from the normal department contained 
 something of the kind not found in every collection, viz .:—photographs 
 of objects in nature and in the “three Kingdoms” ; these were used 
 by the teachers, in class, as illustrations. An excellent idea. Sisters 
 of this order, “the Most Holy Name,” have charge of the female de¬ 
 partment of St. Joseph’s Grammar School, of San Francisco. The male 
 department is in charge of the Brothers of Mary, and, judging from the ex¬ 
 cellence of the exhibits, both these schools are in a very flourishing con¬ 
 dition. 
 
 The work prepared under the direction of the Sisters was as follows:— 
 Twenty-three volumes of class work, of which the Christian Doctrine and 
 Bible History were very nicely arranged, so as to invite and to keep the 
 attention, until the paper had been thoroughly read. Orthography and 
 dictation, with exercises in spelling, were made attractive by neat pen¬ 
 manship and orderly arrangement. United States history, French his¬ 
 tory, Grecian history and Church histoiy had evidently been studied 
 from outlines and with the aid of maps, so well were the facts remem¬ 
 bered. Grammar, rhetoric, literature and composition had followed each 
 other in a logical sequence that favored excellent work in the one last 
 named. Arithmetic, algebra and geometry were presented in a manner 
 that evidenced thoroughness and good methods. Physics, astronomy 
 and botany were treated in a style that displayed a very intelligent ac¬ 
 quaintance with these difficult and interesting sciences. The volume of 
 drawings revealed many beautiful pictures, tastefully executed. Here 
 and there, throughout the volumes of class work, were drawings in pencil 
 and in colored crayon that formed pretty and attractive illustrations. 
 A volume of California wild flowers proved, by the arrangement of its 
 contents and their careful classification, the collectors’ extensive knowl¬ 
 edge of botany. Thirty-five exercise books contained the pretty, praise¬ 
 worthy work of the little ones in the primary department. 
 
 •St. Rose’s School, at San Francisco, did honor to its name and its 
 Order (Most Holy Name) in an exhibit of eleven volumes of class work. 
 The subjects of the papers were grammar school branches, concerning 
 
which the same comments might be made as have been expressed of 
 similar work from St. Joseph’s School, just described. Three booklets 
 of drawings and one of picture stories made an attractive group over 
 which one loved to linger. A doll’s outfit, showing beautiful plain 
 sewing and embroidery, proved the adage “Many hands make light 
 work,” and—beautiful work, too. This tiny suit of clothing is shown in 
 the illustration on the wall near the entrance of alcove 25, at the left. 
 
 The female department of St. Francis de Sales’ School, Oakland, an¬ 
 other institution under the able care of the Sisters of the Most Holy 
 Name, presented papers equally as good as those from their other 
 schools. The list of the contributions from St. Francis’ was as follows:— 
 Two volumes of Christian Doctrine, three volumes of composition, two 
 
 St. Lawrence’s School, at Oakland, presented ten volumes of class work, 
 in every way worthy of the above competent teachers. The name of 
 this school may be distinguished in the picture of alcove 25, at the right, 
 and half way up the side wall. Below that name were arranged the 
 exhibits of the Sisters of'the Most Holy Name. 
 
 From the western bank of the Mississippi, to the Golden Gate of 
 the Pacific Coast is not the frightful journey it used to be, but it is far 
 enough away from the Mother House; so thought the Sisters of 
 Charity, B. V. M., wc imagine, as they kept the band of young Cali¬ 
 fornians attending St. Bridget’s School, San Francisco, busy with pre¬ 
 parations for the great exhibition of educational work. The display 
 from that school was worthy of its origin, worthy of its patronage, that 
 
 INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONS 
 
 ’ 5fr?rancis ; 
 l Technical ^School 
 
 Francisco Ca.b 
 
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 N* of I^uplls From dan 
 
 T^J^n.93 &5) 
 
 EXHIBITS OF ST. FRANCIS’ TECHNICAL SCHOOL, JIT. ST. JOSEPH’s INFANT ASYLUM 
 VTHOI.IC ORPHANAGE, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 
 
 ARCHDIOCESE OF SAN FRANCISCO. 
 
 volumes of arithmetic, one volume each of geometry, algebra, astronomy, 
 physiology, language and spelling; four volumes of miscellaneous exer¬ 
 cises and five volumes of specimens of every day work. These last 
 mentioned volumes stood the test of a close examination, and were re¬ 
 liable evidence that the pupils were well and carefully taught, in accord¬ 
 ance with approved modern methods. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, also in Oakland, and taught by the same Sisters 
 as above, presented four volumes of excellent class work. Catechism, 
 geography, grammar, composition, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, his¬ 
 tory, literarv analysis, physics and astronomy were shown to have 
 been thoroughly learned. A volume of maps and of drawings amply re¬ 
 paid the time spent in examining it. The usual volume of photographs 
 of local interest was not absent. 
 
 of the saintly Irish queen, so frequently overlooked when schools, con¬ 
 vents and churches are to be christened. The name so closely associated 
 with grand and sacred events is left to the comic almanacs and budgets 
 of fun. 
 
 A pardonable digression, reader, for we are about to recall what fine 
 things were done, in the name of St. Bridget, in the Columbian year. 
 Was not that primary work of the first and second grades, in the volume 
 of miscellaneous exercises, excellent? That of the third grade, too? 
 The primary grades are the most important in a school; the foundation 
 and the corner-stone of what follows. Two volumes of fourth grade, 
 two of fifth grade, two of sixth, one of seventh and four of eighth grade 
 work,—that is the modest cataloguing of the superior work that pleased 
 so well all who examined it. Book-keeping from the eighth grade and 
 
drawing from all the grades completed the exhibit of the grammar school 
 department. 
 
 The Academic Department contributed several volumes of papers on 
 high school branches. Christian Doctrine was given in a manner that 
 showed that all other studies had contributed to the better acquirement 
 of this one. Rhetoric, literature and composition, that is the logical suc¬ 
 cession, and the result, as discovered in the excellent compositions, was 
 most praiseworthy. Modern history, studied from outlines and maps, 
 was readily transferred from memory to the paper by the well trained 
 students of this institution. Algebra and geometry, having been practi¬ 
 cally learned, were very intelligently treated. Philosophy, astronomy, 
 botany, chemistry and zoology are interesting studies, but very heavy 
 work, full of difficulties for each mental faculty; they had been mas¬ 
 tered, however, or such papers could not have been written concerning 
 them. The handsome herbarium, filled with the wild flowers of Cali¬ 
 fornia, was normal work. A fine collection of photographs placed 
 before the mind’s eye, the school, the church and the pupils. 
 
 The distance previously commented upon in our sketch of the Sisters 
 of Charity, B. V. M., shrinks before the still greater extent of the journey 
 from Maryland to California, and yet, St. Vincent’s and St. Patrick’s 
 Schools of San Francisco are taught by Sisters of Charity from Emmits- 
 burg, and they have charge of the following charitable institutions in the 
 Ai eh diocese of San Francisco, viz.: —St. Francis’ Technical School, Mt. 
 St. Joseph’s Infant Asylum, Mt. St. Joseph’s Kindergarten and the 
 Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum. The description of their exhibits will 
 be found in the former part of this publication where the collective 
 exhibit from Emmitsburg is noticed. 
 
 The Day Homes conducted by the Sisters ot the Holy Family fur¬ 
 nished a very fine and complete display of kindergarten work, which was 
 arranged in album form, so as to develop the entire system in a practical 
 illustrative order, commencing with the 1st gift (The Worsted Ball) and 
 ending with the 13th gift (Pea Work). Three large framed pictures 
 representing the more difficult and elaborate work of the children, each 
 containing twenty specimens of the various gifts and occupations, were 
 much admired. Frame No. I. contained specimens of sewing and col¬ 
 oring, representing “Columbus before Ferdinand and Isabella”—“His 
 Voyage”—-“Landing”—‘‘The Santa Maria”—“Spanish Flag”—“Picture 
 of George Washington” and “American Flag.” Frame No. II. Birds, 
 flowers and fruits embossed and colored; original designs in parquetry 
 and drawing. The center-piece of this frame being the Sacred Heart, 
 embossed and colored. Frame No. III. Forms of life, knowledge and 
 beauty attractively represented in stick-laving, paper cutting, twisting 
 and folding. A handsome specimen of teachers’ work, “A picture of our 
 Holy Father Leo XIII.,” together with many smaller framed specimens 
 of children’s work, completed this exhibit. 
 
 At the close of the Columbian Exposition, the Day Home Kinder¬ 
 garten received, in recognition of the creditable efforts of its pupils, a 
 “Certificate of Merit” and “Diploma of Honor” from the Committee on 
 Awards of the Catholic Educational Exhibit. Also the entitlement to a 
 “Medal,” “Diploma of Award” and “Diploma of Honorable Mention” 
 from the “Board Lady Managers of the World’s Columbian Com¬ 
 mission.” The framed work will be noticed in each of our illustrations. 
 Though the kindergarten system is thoroughly conducted in the Day 
 Homes, it is by no means the sole object of the Homes but was intro¬ 
 duced as an occupation for the children during the hours their mothers 
 were obliged to toil for their support. It has proved an invaluable 
 system in educating the child. There are attending the Homes daily 
 about 375 children. Many of these, however, are but infants and are 
 cared for in the nursery apartments; while others attend parochial and 
 public schools and come to the Homes before and after the school 
 session ; during these hours they are taught Christian Doctrine, sewing, 
 etc., thus forming distinct classes. 
 
 St. Mary’s College, at Stockton, in charge of the Brothers of Mary, pre¬ 
 sented one fine mechanical drawing, most difficult in execution and 
 elaborate in finish, evidence of the skill of one of the Brothers, eight 
 drawings of less difficult character, which were the w6rk of the students 
 who contributed twenty-three volumes of beautifully written and ex¬ 
 cellently executed work in arithmetic and other grammar school, the 
 high school and academic branches. Penmanship, plain and orna¬ 
 mental, composition and dictation spoke well for the course in 
 English language. A set of “Sketches and Maps,” as they were modestly 
 catalogued, appeared in the collection from this school. The maps 
 
 were hung with those from St. Joseph’s, San Francisco, also in charge 
 of the Brothers of Mary, in alcove 23. Relief maps are as difficult to 
 make as they are handsome to look upon, and this set was perfect. 
 
 The Male Department of St. Joseph’s Grammar School, San Francisco, 
 in charge of the Brothers of Mary, presented seventy-three volumes of 
 papers remarkable for thoroughness, for excellent expression, for hand¬ 
 some penmanship and for the masculine vigor that gave them tone. The 
 subjects treated of were:—Sacred Science, under three heads; mathe¬ 
 matics, four departments; history, three divisions, besides United States 
 history; all the natural and physical sciences; rhetoric, literature and 
 composition; commercial law, commercial calculations and short-hand; 
 various business forms, bills, receipts and letters; book-keeping and 
 typewriting: One hundred and seventy large drawings of great merit 
 was surely a fine contribution from one institution, particularly as there 
 were, in addition to them, several albums filled with free-hand and 
 linear drawings of no less merit. Beyond these, even, in point of 
 time, labor and manual skill, were the thirteen relief maps made from 
 paper pulp, adapted to scientific use with almost infinite trouble, that 
 they might be perfectly accurate, perfectly true to geographical facts. 
 The illustration of alcove 23, at the right hand, shows on the wall these 
 relief maps, also nine relief figures made from plaster, representing the 
 human head in different positions and with varied features. 
 
 The crown and glory of this display, however, was a relief map of 
 the State of California, the work of one of the Brothers of Mary, for 
 which he received a medal at an Industrial Exposition in San Francisco. 
 As to beauty of coloring and accuracy of modeling, nothing in the edu¬ 
 cational exhibit excelled it. There was another of similar structure 
 representing San Joaquin Co., and a third showing the vicinity of San 
 Francisco, both the work of the Brothers. The map of California and 
 Archbishop Riordan’s portrait were displayed in the main west aisle, 
 next to the San Francisco space, and may be seen as reproduced in our 
 illustration of it. 
 
 St. Francis’ School, male department, San Francisco, was in charge 
 of Miss Latham, as principal, in the Columbian year, hence it was under 
 her direction that the following very creditable exhibit of school work 
 was prepared. It comprised three volumes of daily work in catechism, 
 very well expressed as to language and always correct as to meaning; 
 three volumes of arithmetic and geography, which had evidently been 
 carefully taught; one volume of mathematical geography, a difficult 
 subject for that grade, indicated earnest and intelligent application on 
 part of pupils ; the three volumes of grammar contained excellent 
 papers; the volume of maps drawn by the pupils displayed some very 
 pretty and very neat work. The boys of this institution had tried 
 earnestly, it was evident from their papers, to honor their school by 
 presenting a first-class exhibit. The usual volume of photographs was 
 included in the display. 
 
 3 Complete Summary of tfyc (Exhibits of tlje Prontnce of 
 Sail ^raitcisco. 
 
 Jesuit Fathers. St. Ignatius College, San Francisco: —Normal De¬ 
 partment: Photographs of students, church, college, museum, library 
 chemical and physical laboratories. Fourteen albums: Essays, trans¬ 
 lations, examinations in Greek, Latin and English; moral and natural 
 philosophy, mathematics, book-keeping. One volume lecture on the at¬ 
 mosphere. Santa Clara College, Santa Clara :—Normal Department: Five 
 text books in mathematics by Rev. Jos. Bayma, S. J., pen-work by 
 professor of penmanship, descriptive catalogues, photographs of students 
 and graduates, apparatus used in commercial department. Students' 
 Work-. Fourteen studies in crayon, India ink and water color; twenty- 
 one albums ol essays; compositions in prose and poetry in Latin, Greek 
 and English; moral and natural philosophy, mathematics, book¬ 
 keeping. St. Joseph’s College, San Jose:—Photographs of students, 
 church and college, four volumes Latin, Greek and English exercises 
 mathematics, book-keeping. 
 
 Christian Brothers. Sacred Heart College, San Francisco: — 
 Albums and frame of photographs, ten rolls of honor, fifteen surveys, 
 nine specimens of penmanship, fifty-three albums class work in geoine- 
 
 70 
 
try, trigonometry, surveying, chemistry, language, religion, etc. 
 Twenty-six volumes corrected and uncorrected essays. Two hundred 
 and four volumes of examinations, penmanship and book-keeping. 
 St. Peter’s School, San Francisco:—Three volumes algebra, six volumes 
 arithmetic, one volume Bible History, twenty-eight volumes book¬ 
 keeping, three volumes Christian Doctrine, six volumes composition, 
 four volumes dictation, four volumes drawing, one volume examination 
 papers, one volume geography, one volume geometrical drawing, one 
 volume grammar, three volumes home work, two volumes language, 
 one volume map drawing, three volumes mensuration, eight volumes 
 penmanship, two volumes series copy books, one volume United States 
 history, one photograph album, framed pen-work, framed drawings. 
 Normal Institute, Martinez:—Eleven volumes: Geometry, trigonome¬ 
 try, mensuration and linear drawing. Sacred Pleart School, Temescal: 
 —Seventy-nine booklets class work: Arithmetic, grammar, history, 
 language, geography, penmanship, book-keeping, mensuration, algebra 
 and catechism; one volume of photographs. 
 
 The following are in Oakland: St. Joseph’s Institute:—Fifty vol¬ 
 umes class work: Arithmetic, language, penmanship, geography, 
 history, mensuration, Christian Doctrine, book-keeping, thirty-three 
 albums of history, geography, Christian Doctrine, monthly reports and 
 rolls of honor. St. Mary’s School:—Ninety-six booklets class work: — 
 Arithmetic, spelling, language, geography, United States history, gram¬ 
 mar, drawing, penmanship, mensuration, book-keeping, Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, one volume of photographs. St. Francis de Sales’ School:— 
 Male Department: Nine volumes penmanship, two volumes algebra, 
 three volumes business forms, four volumes spelling and dictation, 
 eight volumes practical arithmetic, three volumes Christian Doctrine, 
 four volumes geography, three volumes miscellaneous work, one vol¬ 
 ume book-keeping, one volume plane trigonometry, one volume 
 grammar and parsing, one volume photographs, one volume spelling, 
 dictation and letters, one volume mensuration of solids and algebra, 
 one volume examinations in history and biography, one volume com¬ 
 positions, Latin exercises, letters and orders for merchandise, one 
 volume receipted bills and mensuration of surfaces. St. Mary’s College: 
 — Normal, Department: Model of college building accompanied by 
 architect's plans in seven frames and photograph of college. Twenty- 
 seven mounted charts, by Brother Hyacinth, explaining principles of 
 phonography, photographs of graduates. College Department: Four 
 hundred and thirteen volumes of essays in Greek and Lathi, examina¬ 
 tions and studies in mental and natural philosophy, religion, mathe¬ 
 matics, hygiene, etc. Seven surveys of St. Mary’s College. Business 
 Department: Fifty-three volumes of book-keeping, mathematics, essays, 
 religion. One hundred and eighty-six volumes of phonographic exer¬ 
 cises. Twenty-three volumes of typewriting. Art Department: Four 
 volumes of linear and mechanical drawings. Fifty-five studies in 
 crayon, lead pencil and water colors. Eighteen pieces of pen-work. 
 St. Joseph’s Academy:—Five mechanical drawings and plans. Twenty- 
 four volumes: Penmanship, arithmetic, religion. Nineteen Albums: 
 Maps, sketches, mensuration, geography, history, orthography, language, 
 English, mathematics, book-keeping and religion. St. Anthony’s 
 School:—Fourteen volumes class work: Grammar, spelling, composi¬ 
 tion, language, history, geography, arithmetic, book-keeping, mensura¬ 
 tion, dictation, catechism. Sacramento Institute, Sacramento:— 
 Fourteen copy books arithmetic, twenty-four copy books writing, 
 twenty-five copy books Christian Doctrine, thirty-eight copy books 
 dictation, three albums essays, two albums arithmetic, two albums 
 book-keeping, two albums descriptive geometry, one ledger, one journal, 
 specimens of business department currency, testimonials, diplomas, etc. 
 
 Brothers of Mary. St. Joseph’s Grammar School, San Francisco:— 
 Male Department, Normal Work: Three large relief maps: one of Cali¬ 
 fornia, one of San Joaquin County, one of vicinity of San Francisco, one 
 catalogue. Students’ Work: Thirteen relief maps various countries, 
 nine relief figures, one framed picture of course of studies, seventy-three 
 volumes class work, Christian Doctrine, reading, grammar, ancient and 
 modern history, United States history, geography, penmanship, compo¬ 
 sition, rhetoric, literature, freehand and linear drawing, elocution, al¬ 
 gebra, geometry, trigonometry, natural philosophy, chemistry, book¬ 
 keeping, arithmetic, commercial calculations, commercial law and 
 shorthand. One album photographs of boys’ classes, twenty-one sets 
 of book-keeping blanks, one hundred and seventy large drawings. St. 
 Mary’s College, Stockton:—One mechanical drawing by the Brothers, 
 
 eight drawings by students. Twenty-three volumes class work: arith¬ 
 metic, composition, dictation, sketches, maps, examinations and pen¬ 
 manship. 
 
 Sisters of Notpe Dame de Namur. College of Notre Dame, Marys¬ 
 ville :—Christian Doctrine, Bible History, language, orthography, arith¬ 
 metic, United States history, grammar, geography, letter writing, litera¬ 
 ture, rhetoric, Church History, algebra, geometry, book-keeping, chem¬ 
 istry, needle-work, map-drawing, tapestry, photographs. College Notre 
 Dame, San Jose:— Normal Department: Photographs, chenille work, 
 Irish point lace. Catalogues, books published by former students, pro¬ 
 grams and addresses. Some frontispieces. Selections from herbaria, 
 cabinets, etc., mounted on transparent celluloid. Diplomas of college. 
 History of college. Students’ Work: Wild flowers of California, water 
 color; specimens of needle-work and embroidery. One hundred and 
 fifteen volumes history of botany, religion, literature, maps, philology, 
 natural and mental science. St. Aloysius’ School:—One volume draw¬ 
 ing. St. Joseph’s School:—Twenty-six volumes class work, arithmetic, 
 grammar, language, English, geography, United States history, dicta¬ 
 tions, botany, hygiene, ancient history, composition, book-keeping, 
 catechism and Bible History. College Notre Dame, San Francisco:— 
 Photographs of college and students. One volume of essays composed 
 and printed by pupils. Seventeen volumes of class work, embracing 
 history, literature, mathematics, book-keeping, religion. St. Francis’ 
 School: —Six volumes work of preliminary and grammar classes: Cate¬ 
 chism, compositions, arithmetic, spelling, dictations, grammar. United 
 States history, civil government, physiology, penmanship, map designs; 
 one volume photographs. Academy of Notre Dame, Alameda:—Seven 
 volumes: Sacred science, mathematics, philosophy, language, history, 
 geography. Academy of Our Lady of Angels, Santa Clara:—Five pho¬ 
 tographs, sixteen volumes class work : arithmetic, geography, drawing, 
 composition, Christian Doctrine and miscellaneous class work. Box of 
 needle-work. Notre Dame Parish School, Redwood City :—Twelve vol¬ 
 umes class work: Orthography, grammar, rhetoric, composition, liter¬ 
 ature, history, arithmetic, algebra, geography, maps, object lessons, 
 book-keeping and Christian Doctrine. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Dominic. College San Rafael, San Rafael:— 
 Normal Department: Five studies in Life of St. Agnes. Water color pic¬ 
 ture of college. One album of photographs. Students’ Work : Fourteen 
 volumes of class work : Grammar, literature, rhetoric, letter writing, his¬ 
 torical essays, physical geography, United States and French history, 
 astronomy, physiology, natural philosophy, algebra, geometry, Christian 
 Doctrine, historical charts, English and ancient history, civil govern¬ 
 ment, French, arithmetic, trigonometry, chemistry, geology, mythology, 
 class notes, penmanship, stenography. One volume of water-color 
 sketches of California missions. St. Rafael’s School, San Rafael:—Three 
 volumes class work : Arithmetic, grammar, history, penmanship, rhetoric, 
 composition, French, German, Italian, French history and catechism. 
 One volume of photographs. San Rafael Kindergarten :—Specimens 
 of work. St. Rose’s Academy, San Francisco: — Normal Department: 
 Album of California wild flowers. One album of photographs of stu¬ 
 dents. Students’ Work: Fourteen volumes of class work: Grammar, 
 literature, rhetoric, letter writing, historical essays, logic, physical geog¬ 
 raphy, United States and French history, astronomy, physiology, 
 natural philosophy, etymology, algebra, geometry, book-keeping, music 
 and Christian Doctrine. Twelve volumes of sketches of Old Missions, 
 one volume sketches from Life of Columbus. St. Rose’s Kindergarten:— 
 Gifts and occupations illustrated. St. Agnes’ Academy, Stockton: — Eigl 1 1 
 volumes class work: Literature, geography, geology, astronomy, algebra, 
 geometry and Christian Doctrine. One volume of photographs. St. 
 Joseph’s Primary School: - Two volumes of work, including arithmetic, 
 sx>elling, language, geography and Christian Doctrine. St. Agnes’ Kin¬ 
 dergarten :—One album. St. Joseph’s Kindergarten:—One album. St. 
 Vincent’s School, Vallejo: —Seventeen sets written examinations, seven 
 charts grammar, pen-work, colors and tints; one album of photographs. 
 St. Vincent’s Kindergarten:—Charts of kindergarten work. Parish 
 School, San Leandro:—One volume of photographs. Sacred Heart 
 School, Seattle, Wash., Diocese of Nesqually, Prov. of Oregon:— 
 Four volumes: Mat weaving, sewing, folding and cutting. Eight vol¬ 
 umes: Christian Doctrine, numbers, spelling, language, drawing, writ¬ 
 ing, reading, United States history, compositions, grammar, physics, 
 arithmetic, zoology, botany, map drawing and photographs. 
 
 Dominican Sisters of the Second Order. St. Boniface’s School, 
 
San Francisco:—Two volumes catechism and Bible History, two 
 volumes language and compositions, two volumes geography and 
 United States history, three volumes arithmetic, one volume pro¬ 
 ducts of California, two volumes penmanship, two volumes English 
 compositions, three volumes German compositions, one album pho¬ 
 tographs. Academy of the Immaculate Conception:—Fourteen vol¬ 
 umes school work: grammar, language, compositions, rhetoric, arith¬ 
 metic, algebra, geometry, United States history, geography, astronomy, 
 physics, chemistry, stories of California Missions, Christian Doctrine. 
 One album photographs, maps. 
 
 Sisters of Mercy. St. Gertrude’s Academy, Rio Vista:— Normal 
 Department: Illuminated history of academy, photographs. Students' 
 Work: Twenty-five volumes class work: Arithmetic, algebra, geome¬ 
 try, spelling, grammar, composition, English literature, geography, 
 maps, physical geography, ancient and United States history, rhetoric, 
 word analysis, astronomy, natural philosophy, physiology, music, pen¬ 
 manship, stenography, typewriting, Christian Doctrine. Studies in 
 crayon and oil. Our Lady of Mercy’s Academy, St. Brendan’s Parish, 
 San Francisco:—Four volumes Christian Doctrine, four volumes 
 language, four volumes composition, six volumes arithmetic, one volume 
 book-keeping, four volumes geography, two volumes spelling, four 
 volumes history, one volume literature, one volume science, three vol¬ 
 umes oral instruction, six volumes music, six volumes drawing, one 
 school album. St. Brendan’s Kindergarten:—Sewing, embossing, weav¬ 
 ing, etc. St. Peter’s School:—Seven volumes of language, four volumes 
 arithmetic, three volumes science, two volumes geography, two volumes 
 history, two volumes Christian Doctrine, one volume penmanship, four 
 volumes drawing, one album of photographs. Academy of Our Lady 
 of Lourdes, Oakland:—One volume Christian Doctrine, two volumes 
 mathematics, two volumes composition, one volume grammar, rhetoric, 
 word analysis and penmanship, one volume history, one volume geogra¬ 
 phy, one volume astronomy and philosophy, botany and physiology, 
 one volume drawing, one volume music, one photograph album. Cata¬ 
 logue. Our Lady of Lourdes’ Kindergarten, Oakland:—Three charts of 
 kindergarten work. St. Patrick’s Orphan Asylum, Grass Valley:— 
 Spelling, arithmetic, letter writing, object drawing, photography. St. 
 Joseph’s Convent, Eureka:—Specimens of map drawing, freehand 
 drawing, chronological map and specimens of illuminated writing. Mt. 
 St. Mary’s Academy, Grass Valley:—Thirty-eight albums: Christian 
 Doctrine, grammar, United States history, orthography, geography, 
 spelling, book-keeping, compositions, algebra, general history, vocal 
 music, freehand drawing, map drawing, oil painting, photographs, 
 pastels, fancy hair-work, embroidered scarfs and specimens of botany. 
 
 Sisters of the Most Holy Names. St. Joseph’s School, San Fran¬ 
 cisco:— Female Department: Twenty-three volumes class work: Gram¬ 
 mar, orthography, dictation, arithmetic, geometry, algebra, compositions, 
 United States and Church History, literature, physics, astronomy, 
 mapping, geography, drawings in pencil and colored crayon, Christian 
 Doctrine, fifty-four booklets of class work, maps, French and United 
 States history, Grecian history and literature, grammar, spelling, dic¬ 
 tations, object lessons, Bible History, botany, compositions, one volume 
 drawing first, second and third grades, one volume California wild 
 flowers, thirty-five exercise books of primary grades, one photograph 
 album. St. Rose’s School:—Eleven volumes class work: Arithmetic, 
 spelling, grammar, word analysis, composition, dictation, geography, 
 United States history, penmanship, language, letter writing and cate¬ 
 chism. Three booklets of drawings, one booklet doll’s outfit, one 
 booklet picture stories, one album photographs. Convent of Our Lady 
 of the Sacred Heart, San Francisco:— Normal Department: Two 
 albums of photographs collected by Sisters and used in teaching art 
 and history. Circular. Photographs of students. Students' Work: 
 Thirteen volumes class work : Arithmetic, algebra, geometry, physics, 
 physiology, astronomy, botany, composition, rhetoric, literature, map¬ 
 ping, ancient history, history of art, Christian Doctrine. Seven 
 booklets penmanship, juvenile sewing album, painted cushion, table- 
 scarf, glove-case. St. Francis de Sales’ School, Oakland:—Two volumes 
 Christian Doctrine, three volumes composition, two volumes arithmetic, 
 one volume algebra, one volume geometry, one volume astronomy, 
 one volume spelling, nine volumes class work. St. Lawrence’s School: 
 —Ten volumes class work: Physiology, algebra, arithmetic, photo¬ 
 graphs, Christian Doctrine, botany, language, literature, history, 
 geography. St. Mary’s School:—Four volumes: Geography, cate¬ 
 
 chism, grammar, arithmetic, history, analysis, compositions, algebra, 
 practical philosophy, astronomy, geometry, literary analysis; one 
 volume map and freehand drawings, one volume of photographs. 
 
 Sisters of Charity. St. Francis’ Technical School, San Francisco: — 
 Dressmaking Department: Fancy waist of ivhite crepe, yoke and cuffs 
 of fine tucks and drawn work. Child’s dress of white India silk, lull 
 skirt, shirred yoke, finished with rosettes of baby ribbon. Gentleman’s 
 dressing-gown of garnet cloth, lined with quilted tan satin, collar and 
 culls embroidered in forget-me-nots. Embroidery Department: Address of 
 Institution. Specimens of darning and embroidery. Tea-cloth, linen 
 damask embroidered. Banneret embroidered. Embroidery: “Flowers of 
 the Pacific Coast,” representing a basket of California’s choicest blossoms, 
 embroidered in one hundred and eight shades of twist. White satin 
 slippers embroidered in gold bullion, pair suspenders embroidered in 
 chenille. One volume specimens of embroidery. Fancy scarf (pale 
 blue). Fancy scarf (orange). Fine Sewing Department: Tea-cloth, 
 specimens of letters in drawn-work, two volumes specimens of needle¬ 
 work, infant’s cloak (India silk), insertion in darning. Infant’s cloak 
 (Bengaline silk). French pattern in fancy stitching. Child’s dress 
 (Bengaline silk). Fine drawn-work, having one thread of material 
 between pattern. Mt. St. Joseph’s Infant Orphan Asylum:—Seven 
 volumes: Arithmetic, spelling, grammar, geography, United States 
 history, one volume by children seven and eight years old. One album 
 of photographs. Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, San Francisco: — 
 Ten volumes class work: Arithmetic, grammar, geography, United 
 States history, literature, dictation, letter writing, book-keeping, physi¬ 
 ology, astronomy, physics and Christian Doctrine. Eleven volumes of 
 penmanship. Four charts of drawing. Two specimens of embroidery 
 in cross-stitch. St. Vincent’s School:—One crayon Sacred Heart, 
 three crayon studies from models done by the drawing class, three oil 
 paintings. Twenty-one volumes class work by pupils of rhetoric class, 
 first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades: Grammar, spelling, 
 word analysis, composition, letter writing, literature, geography, United 
 States, Bible and Church History, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, 
 astronomy, physiology, physics, drawing, catechism. One volume 
 maps, one volume charts. St. Patrick’s School:—Five volumes class 
 work of third, fourth and fifth grades: Spelling, grammar, language, 
 composition, word analysis, geography, United States history, physi¬ 
 ology, catechism. One album of specimens of display work. Mt. St. 
 Joseph’s Kindergarten : —Three albums. 
 
 Sisters of Charity of the B. V. M. St. Bridget’s School, San 
 Francisco :— Students' Work: One volume miscellaneous exercises, first 
 and second grades; one volume miscellaneous exercises, third grade; 
 two volumes miscellaneous exercises, fourth grade; two volumes miscel¬ 
 laneous exercises, fifth grade; two volumes miscellaneous exercises,sixth 
 grade; one volume miscellaneous exercises, seventh grade; four volumes 
 miscellaneous exercises, eighth grade; one volume book-keeping, eighth 
 grade. Two volumes drawing from all grades. Academic Department: 
 One volume : Astronomy, literature, philosophy and chemistry. One 
 volume: Christian Doctrine, rhetoric, composition and modern history. 
 One volume: Botany, zoology, algebra and geometry. Normal Work: 
 One herbarium of flowers from the Pacific Coast. One album con¬ 
 taining photographs of church, school and pupils. 
 
 Presentation Nuns. Sacred Heart Presentation Convent and 
 Cathedral School, San Francisco:— Students' Work: Seven volumes 
 copy books, three volumes drawing, seven volumes exercises, six 
 volumes compositions, five volumes examination lessons, two volumes 
 algebra, one painted banner, one set (24) object charts, one photo 
 album, one album painting specimens, one album needle-work, two 
 albums writing, one album crochet work, one crayon drawing of Most 
 Rev. Archbishop Riordan, one pastel drawing, one framed piece of 
 needle-work, one map of California and one fire screen. Ten volumes 
 class work: Grammar, geography, United States history, arithmetic, 
 astronomy, Christian Doctrine. One album of drawings. One album 
 of penmanship. Display work of drawing and designs. Presentation 
 Convent, St. Francis Parish: Ten volumes class work: Grammar, 
 geography, United States history, arithmetic, composition, algebra, 
 astronomy, Christian Doctrine. One photograph album. One album 
 of drawings. One album of paintings. Two albums needle-work. 
 One album penmanship. Display work: Drawing and designs. St. 
 Joseph’s School, Berkeley:—Four volumes class work: Penmanship, 
 spelling, grammar, composition, geography, Bible History, cate- 
 
 72 
 
chism, book-keeping, drawing, physics and astronomy. Presentation 
 Normal School, Berkeley:—Display work, drawing, penmanship, two 
 volumes class work: Including grammar, composition, English, 
 ancient and Bible History, arithmetic, geography, algebra, physics, 
 music and Christian Doctrine. Sacred Heart Kindergarten:— Speci¬ 
 mens of sewing, drawing, weaving, etc. St. Francis’ Kindergarten: — 
 One album kindergarten work. 
 
 Ladies of the Sacred Heart. Academy of the Sacred Heart, 
 San Francisco: — Normal Department: Twelve original designs in 
 illumination of Magnificat. One altar card. One illuminated card 
 signed M. Henggler. Photographs. Students’ Work: One hundred 
 and forty-five volumes of religion, mental and physical science, archi¬ 
 tecture, French, German and English literature and language, mathe¬ 
 matics, religion, history, etc. Fourteen historical and geographical 
 charts. Sixteen volumes herbaria. Eighteen portfolios. Bands and 
 specimens of needle-work, embroidery, crochet, lace, etc. One volume 
 of pen-and-ink drawings. Eleven illuminated cards, three miniatures. 
 
 Ursuline Nuns. Sacred Heart Academy, Santa Rosa:— Normal De¬ 
 partment : One embroidered benediction veil. Photographs. Students’ 
 Work: Eighteen volumes of school work: Grammar, composition, 
 rhetoric, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, physics, astronomy, book-keep¬ 
 ing, mythology, word analysis, catechism, music (original arrange¬ 
 ments). Six charts. 
 
 Sisters of St. Joseph. St. Joseph’s School, Oakland:—Fifteen vol¬ 
 umes daily work and quarterly examinations, language and mathe¬ 
 matics. One volume of photographs. St. Mary’s Academy, Los 
 Angeles :—Five mounted maps. 
 
 Sisters of Holy Family. Children’s Day Home, San Francisco :— 
 Framed pictures of specimens of kindergarten work, one framed picture 
 of Pope Leo XIII., specimens of kindergarten work. St. Francis’ 
 School:— Male Department: Miss Latham, principal:—Three volumes 
 class exercises in spelling, arithmetic, geography. One volume com¬ 
 positions and drawings. Three volumes daily work in catechism, 
 grammar. One volume maps. One volume mathematical geography. 
 One volume photographs. 
 
 Ctrcfybtsfyop Hiorban’s Ctbbress at tl?c Opening of tfje San $rancisco 
 Catholic (Ebucational (Exhibit. 
 
 We have thought it fitting to close our description and our summary 
 of the grand exhibits from the Catholic institutions of California, with 
 extracts from the address delivered by His Grace of San Francisco, in 
 the Mechanic’s Pavilion, on the occasion of the opening the San Fran¬ 
 cisco exhibit of Catholic school work, before it was forwarded to Chi¬ 
 cago. The following are selections from this admirable address : 
 
 The entire country commemorates, this coming summer, the four hundredth 
 anniversary of its discovery, by a gathering of the entire work of its industrial, 
 artistic and educational developments, in the great central city of the United 
 States. The managers of the Worlds Fair issued an invitation, some time last 
 year, to the educational bodies of the country to place on exhibition the result of 
 the labors of those interested in the development of human intellect in the in¬ 
 stitutions of the Catholic Church, so as to afford an opportunity to the people, 
 not only of this land, but to those who will come from all over the world, to see 
 what is being done in the numerous Catholic schools and colleges of the entire 
 country and to make all understand that though in their educational system, 
 they have objected to the education which is imparted in the State schools, yet 
 their schools and colleges are not behind those which are sustained and en¬ 
 dowed by Government aid. Though we are situated at the extreme western 
 shores of the continent wo determined that we too should take a part in the great 
 exhibit, and with our brothers of the East, co-operate in exhibiting, to those most 
 interested, what is being done by the children of the land. 
 
 We were convinced that even with our slender resources, we should be able 
 to compete with the very best schools in the State. This work, therefore, which 
 is spread around you and which I hope you will visit during the week, repre¬ 
 sents not only the results of our children’s work, but it represents something 
 more and something higher ; it represents loyalty to a great principle, namely, 
 that education must be religious. We regret that we are not able to agree with 
 many of our fellow-citizens on this important subject. Therefore we cut our¬ 
 selves loose from them. Not because we undervalue secular education but be¬ 
 cause we are convinced that the life of man and woman is founded principally 
 
 ° n On'this great question of the necessity of education being religious there are 
 not two opinions among Catholics. There must be a religious foundation if we 
 would be perfect. All bishops, and all priests, and all truly Catholic men and 
 women are a unit on this question, that the child comes from the hand of God 
 and God’s truth must be given to it. It must grow up to be prepared for its 
 
 duties in this life and for its destiny in the life that is to be. 
 
 Almost a million of children in this land are being educated, not at the cost 
 
 of our State or city governments, but at the cost of the sacrifices of the Catholic 
 people. Here in this diocese we have fifteen thousand children, and if to-morrow 
 morning these fifteen thousand were turned upon the Board of Education, the 
 tax-payers would be put to an enormous expense. Yet they find fault with us, 
 whereas we are saving them an enormous amount of taxation. 
 
 The schools of this city cannot educate a child under $25 or $30 per year. 
 So fifteen thousand children, if turned upon the Board of Education, would 
 mean an increase of four or five hundred thousand dollars a year to educate 
 them. Besides this, the number of school houses would not be able to hold them, 
 and the building of new ones would fall upon the tax-payers. 
 
 Wherever it is possible to build a school our devoted priests take upon them, 
 selves the great work, and do it. and I say publicly that the priest who refuses 
 to look after the children of his flock, who will sit down in his parochial residence 
 and give his congregation short sermons on Sunday, who is content to give his 
 children one-half an hour on Sunday, and who does not go, in season and out of 
 season, gathering the little ones day by day that they may receive together with 
 their secular education d religious one, that man does not deserve the name of 
 pastor, for the little ones of the flock are neglected. Therefore, the last Plenary 
 Council at Baltimore laid it down as a law for the Bishops that wherever, in 
 their judgment, a school could be built and the pastor refused to build it, he 
 should be removed and another man put in his place to do the work necessary to 
 be done. 
 
 We are now looking for conscientious voters. We do not look so much now 
 for intelligence, but we look for virtue in those who are called upon to support 
 our government. Virtue is produced in the mind by the inculcation of religious 
 truth and principle. 
 
 Now I say, and say it plainly, that we are giving to the American nation as 
 well developed and as well educated a class of people as others in the land. In 
 all the public competitions which have taken place for the last few years through¬ 
 out the land, as well as in England and in France, the pupils of the religious 
 teachers and of the Catholic schools generally have carried off the prizes, and 
 the Church in making our boys and girls good Catholics, also makes them good 
 scholars. 
 
 I am sure this will be a revelation not only to the Catholic people but to 
 those who are not. They will come to the conclusion, I am certain, that we are 
 doing a good and great work. They will also come to the conclusion that the 
 success of the Catholic religion is not, as is thought, coupled with ignorance and 
 darkness, but that it goes wherever there is light and progress and that our main 
 difficulty is with those who are not educated. Men or women do not leave 
 the Catholic Church because they are educated but because they are either too 
 wicked or too ignorant to remain in it. 
 
 In my seven and twenty years of active ministry, I have met people of all 
 conditions of life. I have never met a man who was educated in the Catholic 
 faith and who renounced it because he was educated. I have met some who 
 have left it, but if we could read beneath the surface we could easily account 
 for it. This is a great object lesson. I am sure that those connected with the 
 education of children will conclude from this exhibit that we are fully equipped 
 to give the children a good secular as well as a religious training. 
 
 It was a Catholic admiral who, 400 years ago. first saw this land rising 
 out of the great western sea. He was supported by a Catholic Queen and he had 
 the prayers of the Catholic monks. This virgin soil he dedicated not to mam¬ 
 mon, but to God. It is our duty to make that dedication true, to perpetuate his 
 faith, and make his prayer reality. I feel proud of these little children. I feel 
 proud of the clergy of this diocese who in poverty have labored to train up our 
 boys and girls. I feel under obligations to the Brothers and Sisters for their 
 heroic efforts in maintaining this great principle. They are the benefactors of 
 the entire State. _ 
 
 ‘Biocese of 0omngton. 
 
 The Diocese of Covington comprises that part ot Kentucky lying 
 east of the Kentucky River and of a line drawn south, from the point 
 where the river turns toward the east; it was erected in 1853, with Rt. 
 Rev. George A. Carrell, S. J., as first Bishop. The consecration of the 
 new Bishop took place on the feast of All Saints, in the Cathedral at 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 The city of Covington had at the time only two churches; Lexington, 
 Marysville, Frankfort, New Port, Scott Co., Mount St. John and Twelve- 
 Mile Creek, each had one. There was one orphan asylum, one academy, 
 St. Catherine’s, in charge of the Sisters of Charity, a few schools taught 
 by the same Sisters, and the clergy numbered seven. Another mustard 
 seed truly. Immediately after his consecration, Bishop Carrell began 
 the erection of St. Mary’s Cathedral Church, in Covington, and two 
 other churches were soon added to the number. Indeed the Bishop s 
 first great care was to encourage the building ot churches wherever 
 prudence permitted, and to stimulate the establishment ot Catholic 
 schools. The welfare of Catholic education was especially dear to 
 Bishop Carrell’s heart, his long experience as professor or president in 
 colleges, in his native state, Pennsylvania, as well as in Missouri and 
 Delaware, rendering him alive to the needs of youthful minds, in a land 
 where they were brought in such close contact with unbelievers. His 
 experience as a missionary had been long and arduous; it now awakened 
 
 73 
 
his zeal for the souls so dependent on his fatherly ministrations, and he 
 did not fail to afford them every spiritual benefit within reach of his un¬ 
 tiring energy. 
 
 The Diocese of Covington was in a part of the state where slavery 
 was not general and emigration brought it a population of earnest German 
 Catholics who erected a number of churches and were the means of in¬ 
 troducing into the Diocese the venerable Benedictine Order, as vigorous 
 in the new world as in the old. Dorn Louis Fink, now Bishop of Kansas 
 City, Kans., was the prior of the first Benedictine community. Nuns of 
 the same Order opened parish schools, and the Sisters of Charity likewise 
 spread their institutions, so that when the terrible year of 1861 came the 
 Diocese had thirty churches, twenty-three priests, a college, six aca¬ 
 demies, twelve schools, a hospital and twenty thousand Catholic inhabi¬ 
 tants. 
 
 Even amid the terrors of war the Church pursued her way towards a 
 noble success, and religion steadily advanced; Visitation, Ursuline 
 and Franciscan Sisters came to increase the number of academies and 
 schools. The first Bishop of Covington closed his exceedingly useful 
 life September 25, 1868, being sixty-six years of age. During the fifteen 
 
 RT. REV. C. P. MAES, D.D. 
 
 years of his zealous administration, the church edifices had increased 
 from nine to forty-two ; the number of priests from seven to thirty; the 
 educational institutions numbered twenty-four colleges, academies and 
 schools. 
 
 The administrator of the Diocese was Very Rev. James Lancaster who 
 continued in charge until his death, in the following year, 1869, when 
 Very Rev. .J. A. McGill undertook its direction for a year. In 1870, Rt. 
 Rev. Augustus M. Toebbe was consecrated, and found all Diocesan affairs 
 awaiting the quickening impulse of a Bishop; schools, churches and 
 asylums multiplied ; the Sisters of the Good Shepherd were introduced 
 to conduct a reform school, and the Sisters of Notre Dame to aid in the 
 instruction of youth. 
 
 Dr. Toebbe having terminated his active and most meritorious life in 
 1884, Right Reverend Camillus P. Maes, D. D., succeeded him. This 
 scholarly churchman began his earthly existence on March 13, 1846, in 
 Courtrain, West Flanders. In his native city he acquired his common 
 school and his collegiate education. When he had reached an age to 
 make his choice of a career, he turned, without effort or conflict of any 
 sort, toward the priesthood, beginning at once his theological studies at 
 the Seminary of Bruges, Belgium, and some time later finishing them at 
 
 the American College of the University of Louvain. Many are the 
 talented and worthy priests who have gone forth from Louvain, but none 
 better fitted for the higher walks of ecclesiastical life than Bishop Maes. 
 Remarkable for his keenness in the abstract sciences, he has not allowed 
 his love for philosophy and theology to interfere with his love for litera¬ 
 ture and kindred subjects. 
 
 A native of Flanders, Bishop Maes loved liberty, and chose the 
 United States as his adopted country, being ordained for the Diocese of 
 Detroit. The ceremony took place in the Cathedral of Mechlin, on Dec¬ 
 ember 19, 1868, after which he came immediately to this country, and 
 entered upon the duties of his first mission, as pastor of St. Peter’s 
 Church at Mount Clemens, Mich. In 1871, he went to St. Mary’s, 
 Monroe, Mich., and later, having organized an English-speaking congre¬ 
 gation in that city, he built the Church of St. John, and became its 
 pastor in 1873. In 1880, lie was appointed secretary to the Bishop of 
 Detroit; this was the position he held when he was appointed Bishop of 
 Covington. His consecration took place on January 25, 1885. Most 
 Reverend Archbishop Elder of Cincinnati officiating, assisted by Bishop 
 Borgess of Detroit and Bishop MeCloskey of Louisville. Besides being a 
 theologian of acknowledged ability, Bishop Maes is deeply versed in 
 literature, particularly that of his native country. His pastoral letters 
 are gems of style and sentiment, while his frequent contributions to 
 current periodicals are eagerly read by the best literary judges, and 
 pronounced worthy of highest praise. His letter on the centenary of 
 George Washington is a model of patriotism, full of true American 
 spirit, and the one on the sanctity of marriage is of masterly strength in 
 logic ami delightfully pleasing in diction. 
 
 Recently, Bishop Maes has held the honorable position of President 
 of the Eucharistic League established at Notre Dame, Ind. His 
 Diocese has now sixty-one churches and sixty-three priests, with a 
 Catholic population of 45,900. 
 
 The Diocesan Committee appointed to attend to the affairs of the edu¬ 
 cational exhibit included Very Rev. F. Brossart, V. G., Rev. W. Gorey 
 and Very Rev. L. Haas, 0. S. B., who brought them to a successful 
 issue and added another gloiy to the reputation of Catholic schools. 
 
 The Benedictine Sisters of St. Walburga’s Academy, Covington, pre¬ 
 sented the beautifully written class-work of their students on the 
 following subjects:—Christian Doctrine, Bible History, English and 
 German catechism, grammar, composition, rhetoric, arithmetic, algebra 
 geometry, book-keeping, geography, physiology, physics, astronomy, 
 botany, practical science, literature, United States history, ancient and 
 modern history, mythology and civil government; they also displayed 
 specimens of stenography and typewriting, also an essay on painting 
 “as an art,” essay on music and specimens of map-drawing. 
 
 The Female Department of St. Joseph’s School, Covington, also in 
 charge of the Benedictine Sisters, contributed papers on arithmetic, 
 grammar, geography, composition, spelling, history and Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, also some specimens of map-drawing and letter-writing. These, 
 like the academy papers, were remarkable for excellent penmanship and 
 orderly appearance, as well as for correctness in all particulars. 
 
 The Sisters of Charity of Nazareth sent from La Salette Academy, 
 Covington, six volumes of papers on Christian Doctrine, geometry, algebra, 
 book-keeping, arithmetic, practical science, philosophy, Bible History, 
 spelling, Latin and music, also specimens of map-drawing. The same 
 Sisters are in charge of the Immaculate Conception Academy, Newport, 
 Ky., which contributed five volumes of papers on the same subjects as 
 above, with additional ones on Church History, dictation, mental arith¬ 
 metic, readings from memory, natural philosophy, zoology, physiology 
 and music, also specimens of drawing. These papers were very pleas¬ 
 ing in every respect, and not less so were those from the following 
 schools also in charge of the Sisters of Charity of Nazareth, namely, St. 
 Mary s Cathedral School and St. Patrick’s School, at Covington; St. 
 Joseph’s and St. Aloysius’, at Frankfort; St. Paul’s and St. Peter 
 Claver’s, at Lexington; Immaculate Conception, at Newport and St. 
 Mary’s, at Paris, sending in all, twenty-six volumes of bound papers on 
 the grammar, intermediate and primary studies. 
 
 The Community of the Sisters of Charity of Nazareth originated in 
 the pious labors of two ladies residing in Kentucky, in 1812, who were 
 joined in their good works by other zealous ladies, numbering six in all, 
 the first year. Under the guidance of Father David and Bishop Flaget 
 they established themselves at a place called Nazareth, hence their 
 name, and in twenty years increased in numbers to seventy-six. They 
 
 74 
 
practice the religious rule given by St. Vincent de Paul to the Sisters of 
 Charity in France. 
 
 The Sisters of Notre Dame (Mother House in Cleveland, Ohio) sent 
 from Notre Dame Academy, Covington, papers on Christian Doctrine, 
 Bible History, arithmetic, spelling, dictation, definitions, geography, 
 United States history, Roman history, literature, astronomy, physics, 
 botany, theory of vocal music, hints on letter-writing and specimens of 
 penmanship. 
 
 The exhibit of the Sisters of Notre Dame included work from parish 
 schools, as follows:—three schools in Covington dedicated as St. Au¬ 
 gustine’s, St. John’s and Mother of God Schools; the first having three 
 volumes of German, arithmetic, geography, history, composition, letter¬ 
 writing, map-drawing and music; the second having two volumes of 
 compositions, dictations, German, letter-writing and map-drawing; the 
 third having three volumes of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, spelling, 
 German, music, penmanship and map-drawing. St. Mary’s School, Al¬ 
 exandria, had one volume of arithmetic, German, composition, penman¬ 
 ship and spelling. The Sacred Heart School, Bellevue, had one volume 
 of arithmetic, compositions, grammar, spelling, German and penman¬ 
 ship. St. Joseph’s School, at Cold Springs, had one volume of cate¬ 
 chism, compositions, German and penmanship. St. John’s School, at 
 Carrollton, had one volume of Bible History, catechism, arithmetic, geo¬ 
 graphy, composition and United States history. St. Stephen’s School, 
 at Newport,had three volumes of penmanship, letter-writing, composition, 
 dictation, arithmetic, phonography, German and map-drawing. St. 
 Joseph’s Orphanage, at Cold Springs, had a volume of Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, compositions, Bible History, arithmetic, grammar, spelling, dicta¬ 
 tion and German exercises. The papers in this exhibit were notable for 
 that satisfactory finish peculiar to the work of painstaking pupils, under 
 the efficient guidance of the Sisters of Notre Dame. The same may be 
 said of the work from the Franciscan schools of the Diocese, and from 
 the institutions in charge of the Ursuline Nuns, and not less impressive 
 was the work from the schools of the Visitation Nuns and the Sisters of 
 Providence. The last two Orders displayed work each from one school 
 only; four volumes from the Visitation Academy, at Maysville, contained 
 papers on history, grammar, analysis, physiology and map-drawing; 
 one volume from St. Martin’s Academy, at Newport, Sisters of Providence 
 (of Kentucky), contained exercises in grammar, composition, history and 
 arithmetic; in an album were displayed specimens ol fancy needle-work. 
 
 The Franciscan exhibits, already commented upon, were from St. 
 Aloysius’ School, Covington, comprising six volumes of arithmetic, 
 spelling, geography, composition, United States history, penmanship, 
 Bible History and Christian Doctrine and from the Holy Family School, 
 Ashland, two volumes of geography, penmanship, spelling, language, 
 arithmetic, grammar, composition, physiology, Bible History, map and 
 linear drawing. The Ursuline Nuns were represented by two schools, 
 St. Francis, of Dayton, and the Corpus Christi School, of Newport, the 
 former sending one volume of arithmetic, composition, German exercises 
 and Christian Doctrine; the latter sending three volumes of drawing, 
 history, arithmetic, German exercises and grammar. 
 
 The Brothers of Mary, in charge of the male department of St. 
 Joseph’s School, at Covington, sent twelve volumes of arithmetic, gram¬ 
 mar, geography, analysis, composition, book-keeping, map-drawing and 
 linear drawing, also a large, handsome relief map of the United States. 
 It is needless to state that the papers, from the students in charge of the 
 Brothers of Mary, were in all particulars worthy of their place in the 
 great Exposition. 
 
 Sisters of £oretto. 
 
 Few phases of history are more interesting than that which shows 
 the origin, life and progress of religious communities in the Catholic 
 Church. The simplicity of the beginning of great things always affords 
 food for pleasant thought; particularly is this the case when we find it in 
 the record of any of the early religious foundations of our own country. 
 The community for instance, with which we are now to make acquaint¬ 
 ance, before examining its beautiful collective exhibit, originated in the 
 wilds of Kentucky, in pioneer days, in the days of Father Badin and 
 his apostolic labors. In fact, it was Father Badin’s special friend and 
 valued companion, the saintly Father Charles Nerinckx, who founded 
 the community at Loretto, Kentucky, naming both the locality and the 
 congregation of Sisters after the famous shrine in Italy. The title 
 
 assumed by the Sisters at first was that of “Lovers of Mary at the 
 Foot of the Cross”; devout indeed, but cumbersome, it was readily 
 condensed into the equally devout, and much more convenient name by 
 which they are now known. The venerable founder lived to number 
 one hundred members in his sacred family. Founded in 1812, it had 
 increased to that number in twelve years, the Reverend Father dying 
 Aug. 12, 1824, at St. Genevieve, Mo., where he was visiting a branch 
 house of the Loretto Institute. 
 
 The fervor of the young community won high commendation from 
 Bishop Flaget, who took the warmest interest in its growth and pro¬ 
 gress. The congregation now possesses four flourishing academies and 
 six parochial schools in the Diocese of Louisville; one academy in the 
 Diocese of Mobile ; two academies in the Diocese of Kansas City, Kans.; 
 four academies and three parochial schools in the Archdiocese of St. 
 Louis; one academy and two parochial schools in the Diocese of Belle¬ 
 ville; six academies in the Diocese of Denver; three academies in the 
 Diocese of Kansas City, Mo.; five academies and one Industrial School 
 in the Archdiocese of Santa Fe; one academy in the Vieariate-Apostolic 
 of Arizona and one academy in the Diocese of Dallas. 
 
 The collective exhibit of the Sisters of Loretto filled the whole of 
 alcove No. 64 and part of alcove No. 62, as our illustrations will 
 show. The Ursuline Nuns shared alcove No. 62 with them, but it is 
 easy to separate the exhibits, for it is a somewhat interesting fact that 
 there was a distinct individuality about the various displays, and that, 
 even in cases where all were equally beautiful, the work of each Order 
 was easily distinguished. We will first consider the exhibits from 
 schools in the Diocese of Louisville, since it is there that the Mother 
 House of the Sisters of Loretto is situated. 
 
 Loretto Academy, Loretto, Ky., excelled in the extent of its display 
 which comprised nine volumes of class work, a rich and varied exhibit 
 of fancy work from the academy, and a richer and still more varied col¬ 
 lection of fancy work from the convent, the former executed by the 
 pupils and the latter by Sisters. The papers contained in the hound 
 volumes were written by the pupils and treated of Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic, algebra and geometry; grammar, rhetoric, literature, logic 
 and composition; United States, ancient, natural and modern history ; 
 geography, physical geography and map-drawing; physiology, botany, 
 natural history and astronomy; book-keeping and typewriting. The 
 beautiful penmanship, the clear, concise style of expression and the 
 pleasing methods of arrangement rendered the reading of these papers a 
 most agreeable entertainment. 
 
 Will the reader please look at the illustration of alcove 62. That 
 fire screen (on the wall at the right) was embroidered on plush in 
 arrasene by a pupil of Loretto Academy; other pupils contributed the 
 dainty, hand-painted celluloid and glassine ornaments, calendars and 
 other fancy articles so tastily arranged, also the child’s dress ot linen, 
 made to look so lovely by tasteful trimmings of lace and insertion. 
 The handsome picture hi crayon and the three exquisite pieces in pastel, 
 came from the same institution. 
 
 At the head of alcove 62, (see illustration) we can perceive 
 the cope and preaching stole of white watered silk, embroidered with 
 gold bullion, made by one of the Sisters ; a cloth-of-gold vestment, too, 
 embroidered with spangles and chenille, from a pattern of original 
 design, was the work of religious hands, as were all the following 
 precious articles:—a point-lace surplice of elegant design; two point- 
 lace handkerchiefs, the patterns as dainty as they were beautiful ; a 
 table cover of linen ornamented with drawn work; a china water 
 pitcher and tray hand-painted ; a life-size crayon portrait of Right 
 Reverend W. G. McCloskey, D.D., Bishop of Louisville (alcove 64, 
 at the left) ; a hand-painted celluloid album containing amateur photo¬ 
 graphic views of points in and about Loretto Academy. Besides the 
 beautiful fancy work and china painting, there was a musical and a 
 literary display including an original operetta, the music composed by 
 one of the Sisters; a poem, “Tbe Legion of Antioch,” and a hymn, “0 
 Queen Immaculate!” both original, and a dialogue, “Hanschen,” 
 translated by one of the Sisters from French into German. St. Mary’s 
 Academy, Elizabethtown, presented, to the collective exhibit of the 
 Loretto Sisters, a handsome blue silk dress made by the pupils, and 
 trimmed with point-lace of their own manufacture. A beautiful point- 
 lace fichu accompanied the dress, also the work of the pupils. 
 
 Bethlehem Academy, at St. John’s, Hardin Co., sent, besides a hand¬ 
 some table-scarf, one volume of excellent papers on Christian Doctrine, 
 
 73 
 
arithmetic, algebra, grammar, physiology, botany and astronomy. St. 
 Augustine’s Academy, Lebanon, sent one volume of creditable papers on 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, geography, United States and 
 ancient history. 
 
 St. Benedict’s Academy, Louisville, contributed very excellent and 
 beautifully written papers on Catechism and Bible History, arithmetic, 
 algebra, book-keeping, grammar, geography, United States, general and 
 natural history, map-drawing, rhetoric, composition, zoology and 
 botany. Among the fancy objects displayed there were from this 
 academy, a silk pin-cushion trimmed with a handsome piece of point- 
 lace, and two ivory-framed pictures in mezzotints, the subjects: “The 
 Muses,” “Thalio and Caliope,” the work of one of the Sisters. 
 
 factory papers, almost profound, on natural philosophy, botany, geology, 
 chemistry and astronomy. Similar adjectives might be justly applied to 
 the ten volumes of papers on Christian Doctrine, algebra, mensuration, 
 astronomy, botany, chemistry, geology and rhetoric from Loretto Acad¬ 
 emy, Florissant, Mo. From this academy came also a beautiful array 
 of fancy articles:—a Japanese silk table cover; a silk banner on which 
 was embroidered a pea fowl perched on a flowering tree (see illustrations 
 of alcove No. 62) ;a table cover embroidered with silk ; two handkerchiefs 
 of point-lace; a lambrequin of green plush embroidered with chenille— 
 this beautiful work was executed by the pupils. The Sisters contributed 
 the following collection :—an oil painting (a portrait); the Latin cross 
 painted in water colors ; a set of ice-cream plates (12) and a platter, 
 
 
 ^ ‘-f 
 
 
 Jic J 
 
 ALCOVE NO. 62. EXHIBITS FROM ACADEMIES AND SCHOOLS OF VARIOUS PARTS OF THE UNITED STATES BY SISTERS OF LORETTO AND URSULINE NUNS. 
 
 The Loretto institutions in the Diocese of St. Louis will now claim 
 our attention and the first that comes to mind is St. Vincent’s, at Cape 
 Girardeau, which sent the following collection of beautiful fancy objects 
 and pieces of art:—an oil painting, representing a charming moonlight 
 scene; two small plaques, bearing a wealth of sweet peas and apple blos¬ 
 soms ; a handsome piece of tapestry, representing St. Agnes ; three hand¬ 
 kerchiefs of point-lace ; a sofa cushion of silk, embroidered with silk ; a 
 white silk throw, the ends embroidered with colored silks. The music 
 department contributed a piano duet “Souvenir of St. Vincent Waltzes,” 
 and the classes presented seven volumes of earnest papers on Christian 
 Doctrine, logic and mental philosophy; careful papers on arithmetic, 
 algebra and book-keeping; serious papers on United States and general 
 history ; interesting ones on literature and composition; clear and satis- 
 
 specimens of exquisite china painting; original designs painted on china 
 with Roman gold ; a volume of book-keeping and an original essay on 
 “The Art of Teaching.” 
 
 In the Diocese of Denver is Loretto Academy at Colorado Springs 
 and St. Mary’s Academy at Denver. The former sent an exhibit com¬ 
 prising one volume of class exercises in Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, 
 book-keeping, grammar, rhetoric, composition, geography, history, 
 mythology, natural philosophy, geology and botany ; each subject was 
 treated according to the best methods of presenting it and proved that 
 careful work had been done in the class-room. The same can be stated 
 of the two volumes from St. Mary’s Academy of Denver, containing 
 papers on the same subjects, and, in addition to them, essays on ancient 
 and modern history, and examinations in spelling, reading and physical 
 
geography. St. Mary’s also sent a large folio, “royal” size, of crayon 
 pictures and water-color paintings ; a folio of pen and pencil drawings; 
 seven cards of pretty kindergarten work; three maps and charts, for 
 geography ; eight cards, to assist the music teacher, by illustrating, for 
 the pupil, the various positions of the hands on the key-board of the 
 piano ; four books filled with choice pictorial designs and two volumes 
 of the school journal, “The Convent Echo.” 
 
 Loretto Academy, St. Louis, contributed a unique piece of art, “The 
 Mater Dolorosa,” in pen-work, by one of the Sisters. The Diocese of 
 Santa Fe was represented by five displays in the Loretto collection. 
 Immaculate Conception Academy, Las Vegas, New Mexico, and the 
 Academy of Our Lady of Light. Santa Fe, presented (the former in two 
 
 embroidered pillow-sham; several yards of hand-made thread lace; 
 specimens of maerome work, a life-size crayon portrait of Longfellow 
 and two large panels showing Swiss Alpine scenery, painted in oil. 
 These pictures were in alcove (14, and are reproduced in our illustra¬ 
 tion. Annunciation Academy, at Mora, and Mt. Carmel Academy, at 
 Socorro, New Mexico, contributed papers on the same subjects ; the 
 former having two and the latter six volumes of class work in 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, orthography, geography, history, physi¬ 
 ology, music, compositions, essays and penmanship. The former 
 presenting an oil painting (a portrait) and the latter a large anchor of 
 celluloid decorated with artificial flowers. (See alcove 62, at right hand, 
 near the corner.) A picture frame shaped like a horse-shoe, hand-painted 
 
 ALCOVE NO. 64. EXHIBITS FROM VARIOUS CITIES AND DIOCESES OF THE UNITED STATES BY THE SISTERS OF LORETTO, ICY., 
 SHOWING NORMAL, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC AND ART WORK. 
 
 volumes and the latter in five) papers on the same subjects, viz. 
 Christian Doctrine, catechism and Bible History; arithmetic, algebra, 
 geometry and book-keeping; grammar, orthography and phonography; 
 United States, natural and general history,geography and map-drawing; 
 rhetoric, literature and composition; mental, moral and natural 
 philosophy; geology, botany, astronomy and chemistry; physiology 
 and physical culture ; translations from Latin and Spanish into English; 
 translations from English and Spanish. In addition to this written work, 
 the academy at Las Vegas sent four oil paintings“The Fishing Boat 
 is Ready,” “A Moonlight Scene,” “A Winter Scene” and a portrait of 
 Archbishop Lamy. The academy at Santa Fe contributed three original 
 compositions in music : “Mass of Our Lady of Light,” “Loretto Chimes ’ 
 and “Whisperings of Hope,” from the pupils, and from the Sisters, an 
 
 and decorated with artificial flowers. (See alcove 62, at the head.) 
 This school also presented two volumes of music. From the Loretto 
 school of Taos, in the Diocese of Santa Fe, was sent quite an extensive 
 display of needle-work, a pretty crochet shawl, a neat crochet thread 
 tidy, handsome specimens of silk lace, a pair of fancy knitted silk 
 mittens, a crochet neck-tie and a knitted banner. The material of this 
 last-named object seemed rather strange but it was very beautiful. The 
 piano solo, “I stand on Memory’s Golden Shore,” was an original con¬ 
 tribution from the music department. 
 
 It was interesting to examine the needle-work from the Sacred Heart 
 Industrial Indian School, Bernalillo, New Mexico. The dusky little 
 pupils showed skill and taste in the crocheted hoods, zephyr baby 
 capes and embroidered handkerchiefs. Very neat and pretty were the 
 
 77 
 
cream linen throw and the child’s white dress, the elegant underwear 
 and the pretty calico dress displaying so much skill in plain sewing. 
 The specimens of lace, wound on cards, and that used in trimming the 
 white dress were very dainty in pattern and in make. Cards of bead 
 work, moccasins, purses, etc., ornamented with bead work were just 
 what we expected from these children, but the felt piano cover, the silk 
 and plush crazy quilt and the set of honey comb doilies were surprises, 
 so prettily were they finished. 
 
 The Visitation Academy, Las Cruces, New Mexico, in the Vicariate- 
 Apostolic of Arizona, presented two volumes of papers on subjects we 
 supposed to be unknown out there. The Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, 
 grain max 1 , geography and history did not surprise us; being taught by 
 Sisters, they were sure to be well taught, and it was not wonderful that 
 the pupils should reproduce them well; but when we met with fine, 
 clear expositions of text-book teaching in regard to natural philosophy, 
 physiology, geology, civil government, algebra and book-keeping, we 
 were considerably surprised. English and Spanish translations were 
 in order, of course, and made very presentable papers. Visitation 
 Academy at Las Cruces, besides the written work already mentioned, 
 sent, for the fancy work display, a celluloid album, filled with photo- 
 graphic views; a plush table cover embroidered in arrasene and silk floss 
 from original designs ; a handsome plush table drape ; a very pretty 
 plush lambrequin; an elegant hand-painted white silk throw; also a 
 volume of Longfellow’s “Evangeline,” written in short-hand. 
 
 It is a long journey from New Mexico to Alabama, but here we are, in 
 Mobile, and made aware of the existence of St. Mary’s Academy, a very 
 suitable name for an abode in which Sisters of Loretto train the young. 
 
 This institution sent to the collective exhibit of the Order six vol¬ 
 umes of papers on Christian Doctrine, spelling, arithmetic, algebra, 
 book-keeping, grammar, rhetoric, literature, composition, geography, 
 history, map-drawing, physiology, botany, astronomy, drawing and 
 music. Its display of fancy work ranked next to that from the Mother 
 House. It included two crocheted dresses, with silk trimmings; one 
 pair of pillow shams, net work on linen; a shawl in ice wool and a 
 white zephyr fascinator, edged with silk floss ; a pink zephyr head-dress 
 and a zephyr cape, both trimmed with silk; a tapestried sampler and a 
 head-rest of plush, embroidered with silk; two scarfs etched in silk; 
 two pairs of baby’s socks and one pair of mittens, both crocheted; a 
 plush piano scarf, a dresser scarf and a dress skirt, embroidered with 
 silk. The art work comprised a landscape in oil, a life-sized portrait in 
 oil and a chocolate set of hand-painted china. 
 
 Thus do we finish our consideration of the academic work of the 
 pupils of Loretto, work so efficiently executed as to redown to the honor 
 of both pupils and teachers. 
 
 The parish school work prepared under the direction of the Sisters of 
 Loretto and exhibited at the World’s Fair, came from New Mexico, 
 Texas and Missouri. The Sacred Heart School, Bernalillo, contributed 
 one volume of class exercises in Christian Doctrine, spelling, arithmetic, 
 grammar, history and translations; Sacred Heart Industrial Indian 
 School, in the same town, sent one volume of examination papers in 
 Christian Doctrine, grammar, geography, history and hygiene. Excel¬ 
 lent papers came from the hands of these Indian maidens. 
 
 The Sacred Heart School of El Paso del Norte, Texas, sent two 
 volumes of bound work on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, algebra, 
 grammar, history, physiology, typewriting, book-keeping and music, also 
 an original instrumental piano solo, by a Sister. St. Patrick’s School, 
 Kansas City, Mo., presented four volumes of very excellent papers on 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, United States and general 
 history, geography, letter-writing, compositions, physics, physiology, 
 geology, astronomy, specimens of penmanship and business forms. 
 
 From two schools in St. Louis, St. Keven’s and St. Michael’s, six 
 volumes (three each) were sent containing papers on Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic, algebra, grammar, composition, United States and general 
 history, physical geography, book-keeping, philosophy and drawing. 
 
 The Sacred Heart School of Conejos, Colo., sent a stole embroidered 
 and tapestried in zephyr and bead work by little children, a very curious 
 specimen of needle-work, and quite unique among church vestments. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Academy, Cairo, Ill., presented a white embroidered 
 handkerchief, and a white linen center-piece worked in colored silk. 
 
 'JHe ©iocese of Pittsburg. 
 
 Yielding to the request of the Fifth Council of Baltimore, the Holy 
 See divided the Diocese of Philadelphia, in 1843, and founded, on Au¬ 
 gust 7th, the Diocese of Pittsburg, appointing Very Reverend Michael 
 O’Connor its first Bishop. Being in Rome at the time, the Bishop elect 
 was consecrated there, on the glorious feast of the Assumption of the 
 Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven. Though lie was an American 
 missionary of Irish birth (1810), Bishop O’Connor had the good fortune 
 to receive ordination in the Eternal city, in 1833, and to receive his ele¬ 
 vation to the episcopacy there in 1843. These happy associations could 
 but serve to draw closer, in Bishop O’Connor’s case, the ties that bind 
 every faithful ecclesiastic to the See of Peter. 
 
 It was a happy augury for the future of the new Diocese whose first 
 Bishop had been thus distinguished. Successively a missionary, a pro¬ 
 fessor in the Diocesan Seminary of the Diocese of Philadelphia, a pas¬ 
 tor in Pittsburg and Vicar General in Philadelphia, Bishop O’Connor’s 
 experience had been wide and his peculiar fitness for his high office, had 
 been well proven. 
 
 In 1750, so little was known of the part of the country which became 
 the Diocese of Pittsburg a century later, that none could tell whether the 
 Ohio River rose in Pennsylvania or Virginia. Even in 1798, there existed 
 from Lake Erie to Conewago, from the first hills of the Alleghany to the 
 Ohio, no priest, no church, except a little oratory served by Father 
 Brauers, a Holland Franciscan whose congregation consisted of a few 
 savages. And yet Father Brauers was not the first priest, nor the first 
 Franciscan either, who offered the Holy Sacrifice in western Pennsylvania ; 
 certainly he was not the last. Erected into a Diocese in 1843, in 1878 
 it had a Catholic population of 60,000, in care of eighty priests and in 
 possession of ninety churches. When Father Brauers was teaching his 
 savage parishioners, that part of Pennsylvania was claimed by France ; 
 in fact the whole valley of the Ohio was comprised in the Letters Patent 
 of Louisiana, in 1712. 
 
 All who are acquainted with the colonial history of our country 
 know the part played in our colonial wars by the garrisons of forts once 
 standing on ground now included in the Diocese of Pittsburg. It is in¬ 
 deed historic soil and deeply watered with the blood of friends and foes 
 and savage chieftains. Very interesting is the account given by John 
 Gilmary Shea of this locality in his “History of the Catholic Church in 
 the United States,’’from which we have gathered facts for our sketches of 
 the various Dioceses that displayed exhibits at the World’s Columbian 
 Exposition. In western Pennsylvania appeared, in 1799, that grand 
 being, nobleman and priest, Father (Prince) Gallitzin; there he built 
 churches and founded villages to which he attracted Catholic popula¬ 
 tions by advantageous grants of land and superior spiritual benefits. 
 While he labored among the simple people of this tract, then so wild, his 
 father, a Russian Prince, was ambassador to Holland, as he had been 
 shortly before to France, and his mother, a member of the German nobil¬ 
 ity, was leading a gay life in the midst of riches and luxury. But we 
 must not linger with Prince de Gallitzin, charming as we should find his 
 personality; however he belongs to the traditions of this Diocese and his 
 influence has not yet died out. He was the second priest ordained in 
 America; the first to receive all the Holy Orders in this country. Dear 
 reader, if you have not already done so, do not fail to read the life of this 
 remarkable man whose memory is one of the glories of the Pittsburg 
 Diocese. 
 
 A vast city now extends its buildings over the spot where the Rc- 
 collets of France first said mass; where the future Bishop of a part of 
 Kentucky, Abb6 Flaget, spent six months, till the waters of the Ohio 
 should subside sufficiently to permit him to pursue his way to Vincen¬ 
 nes, where stood Fort Duquesne, the object of so much warfare and where 
 an Irish settlement was founded in 1796, the mustard seed which has 
 grown into a flourishing Diocesan tree. Rev. F. X. O’Brien became, in 
 1807, its first resident priest, building, in the following year, St. Patrick’s 
 church. He was succeeded in Pittsburg by Father Charles B. Maguire, 
 an Irish Franciscan, who resolved to build, on a hill on Grand Street, a 
 cathedral, long before there was any mention of a Bishop for Pittsburg; 
 thus was St. Paul’s Church constructed. Father Maguire did not live to 
 see it consecrated ; it was dedicated one year after his death. He was 
 succeeded by Father John O’Rielly, who was replaced by Father O’Con- 
 
 78 
 
nor who became the first Bishop of Pittsburg. Near Pittsburg was the 
 locality which became, in Westmoreland County, the cradle of the Bene¬ 
 dictine Order in America. The Poor Clares also made an early settle¬ 
 ment near this city, fourteen of them founding a convent under the spir¬ 
 itual direction of Father Van de Wezer, a Belgian Dominican. Many 
 French Catholics, refugees from the Reign of Terror, settled in this part 
 of Pennsylvania. Sad stories are told of some of these French colonies 
 and their loss of the faith, while of others heroic incidents are quoted, 
 deeds performed that wore worthy of the martyrs; but alas! in some 
 cases not only did the sheep wander but the shepherds likewise. The 
 German settlers, who gathered here in 1839 and were served by the 
 Redemptorist Fathers, gave a more edifying page to the early history 
 of the diocese. 
 
 In 1837, four Sisters of Charity, from Emmitsburg, opened a school 
 in Pittsburg, but it was during the administration of Bishop O’Connor 
 that schools, convents and monasteries sprang up in every direction. 
 When returning from Rome, after his consecration, he passed through 
 Ireland and induced a, colony of Sisters of Mercy to come to his diocese 
 in America. This was the first foundation of the Sisters of Mercy in 
 
 RT. REV. RICHARD PHELAN, D.D. 
 
 the United States, the origin of the houses in Chicago and elsewhere. 
 The Bishop, having thus provided for the young girls of his charge, 
 sought instructors for the boys and introduced the Brothers of the Pre¬ 
 sentation, but a strange Providence pursued them ; one died, one 
 returned to Ireland, one became a priest and two were struck 
 dead by lightning on the public street, so only one Brother and two 
 novices survived, an insufficient force to keep up the school. They were 
 replaced by Brothers of the Third Order of St. Francis who taught the 
 sons of parents who were engaged constantly in toil. A college was 
 needed for those who could afford more time and money in gaining an 
 education, hence the Bishop invited the Benedictines to establish them¬ 
 selves in his diocese. After an existence of only nine years in the 
 country, the original community of nineteen members that had come 
 from Bavaria in 1846, had increased to one hundred and fifty, occupying 
 five monasteries. The first superior, Father Boniface Wimmer, was 
 elevated to the dignity of Mitred Abbot of the Benedictines in America, 
 the first to hold that high position in this country. 
 
 The Sisters of Notre Dame, originally from Germany, were also es¬ 
 tablished in the diocese by Bishop O’Connor, and in 1852, he welcomed 
 
 three Passionist priests and one Brother who founded an Institute ol 
 the Barefooted Clerks of the Holy Cross at Birmingham, hear Pittsburg. 
 
 The zealous Bishop, having petitioned to have the diocese divided, 
 was himself appointed to the new Diocese of Erie, but, owing to the 
 earnestly expressed regrets of his former diocesans, he was restored to 
 Pittsburg, and Bishop Young, who had declined the latter place, went 
 cheerfully to take charge of Erie. On his return to his former charge, 
 Bishop O’Connor erected a magnificent new cathedral at a cost of §80,000, 
 an immense sum at that time. It was dedicated, June 24th, 1855, sev¬ 
 enteen bishops being in attendance. Five years later, 1860, the hard¬ 
 working prelate, bending beneath a heavy burden of ill health, resigned 
 his See; the Pope was forced, by the nature of the Bishop’s trouble, 
 which affected his brain, to accept the resignation. Since that date the 
 diocese has had three bishops, Right Reverend M. Domenec, translated 
 to the Diocese of Allegheny in 1876, Right Reverend J. Tuigg, 1876 to 
 1889, and the present incumbent, Right Reverend Richard Phelan, D.D. 
 
 Right Reverend R. Phelan, Bishop of Pittsburg, was bom in the 
 Emerald Isle, near Ballyragget, in County Kilkenny, famed far and wide 
 for its natural beauties, the very smile of God seeming to rest upon it. 
 The wonder is that every favored son of the locality is not a priest, every 
 graceful daughter a nun, there is so much in the surroundings to lead 
 the mind to God and to keep it fixed upon Him. Bishop Phelan’s 
 parents were blest with an abundance of this world’s possessions; Ire¬ 
 land was not to them the sorrowful mother she is to many, and yet four 
 of their nine children came to America; Richard, the youngest of the 
 nine, being one of the number. One of his brothers is Very Reverend 
 Patrick Canon-Phelan, P.P., in the Diocese of Ossory, Ireland. A shel¬ 
 tered childhood was his; tutors being supplied him under the roof of 
 his own home, until he had acquired the elements of his education. 
 Even at that early age, he felt an attraction to the priesthood, hence his 
 parents obtained for him admittance to St. Kiernan’s College, Kilkenny, 
 to pursue the highest branches of study. Having determined to 
 devote himself to the American missions, he was ready to respond, 
 with the hearty, zealous offering of himself, to Bishop O’Connor, of 
 Pittsburg, when he applied to St. Kiernan’s College for students, to 
 accompany him on his return to his distant See. 
 
 Arriving in America, in 1850, Richard Phelan resumed his studies in 
 the old seminary of St. Michael, in South Pittsburg. In September, 
 1851, he took up his abode in St. Mary’s Seminary, Baltimore, where 
 he associated intimately with men who have since attained great promi¬ 
 nence among the Catholic clergy of the United States. There he received 
 minor orders and there he was ordained Sub-deacon by Archbishop 
 Kenrick. When the Diocese of Erie was founded, April 29, 1853, and 
 Bishop O’Connor was translated to the new See, Richard Phelan, though 
 only a deacon at the time, was chosen for Erie. Bishop O’Connor, 
 as we have already learned, continued to administer the affairs of 
 Pittsburg and there Richard Phelan was consecrated a priest, on May 4, 
 1S54. 
 
 Father Phelan’s first mission was in some remote and desolate spot 
 in Indiana Co., but he did not remain long in such retirement. In a 
 short time, he returned to the Cathedral City, to find it in the grasp of 
 Asiatic cholera; offering his services which were gladly accepted, the 
 brave young priest remained among the ill and the dying, until the 
 plague abated, when he returned to his parish. From there he was soon 
 summoned to aid in attending the congregation of St. Paul’s grand 
 cathedral. Distinguished for his fine mental abilities, and remarkable 
 for his strong, firm character, he was frequently changed from one 
 parish to another, as need arose for a display of more than ordinary 
 qualities. Organizing parishes, establishing order where confusion had 
 reigned, bringing harmony out of the most discordant elements, and 
 throwing light on darkest difficulties,—thus passed his early years in 
 the priesthood. After many transfers, from one place that needed him 
 to another that needed him more, he was appointed pastor of St. Peter’s 
 Church, Allegheny City, in place of Reverend Tobias Mullen who had 
 been made Bishop of Erie, in 1868. He had been Vicar-General to both 
 Bishop Domenec and Bishop Tuigg, and, on Aug. 2, .1885, was conse¬ 
 crated co-adjutor to the latter, cum jure successionia, and with the titular 
 See, Cybara. He remained, however, at the church in Allegheny City, 
 which he had served twenty-three years as its pastor, until the death of 
 Bishop Tuigg, in 1889, made him sole Bishop of Pittsburg, and brought 
 him there to reside. 
 
 This brief outline of Bishop Phelan’s past life furnishes some indi- 
 
 79 
 
ST. VIiN'CEKT-S SEMINARY, BEATTY, PA.; ST. FIOELIS’ COLLEGE, HERMAN, PA. 
 
 cations of what his future may be, in many respects. If one trait of his 
 character be stronger than another, it is his conservatism, which has 
 preserved him from all rashness and has run his life in a mold of digni¬ 
 fied peacefulness and well-tempered zeal. 
 
 Right Reverend R. Phelan is in his sixty-fifth year, fine looking and 
 remarkably well preserved. His thirty-seven years of pastoral labor 
 and episcopal cares have passed lightly upon his head, form and heart. 
 His firmly set, compact figure of medium height, his dark hair, slightly 
 mixed with gray, and his strong, intelligent features are familiar to 
 nearly every resident of Pittsburg and vicinity. He has not only lived 
 among the people, but he has moved among them, plain and unosten- 
 
 the Columbian Exposition by appointing, at an early date, the following 
 Diocesan committee:—Rev. A. A. Lambing, Rev. Regis Canevin, Rev. 
 Martin Singer, O. S. B., and J. Sullivan, secretary. Under their 
 active and efficient superintendence, alcoves 47, 49 and 51 were filled 
 with an exceedingly gratifying exhibit. 
 
 There was shown what had been done in the educational sphere by 
 Fathers of the Holy Ghost, Benedictine Fathers, Capuchin Fathers, 
 Brothers of Mary, Sisters of Mercy, Sisters of Mercy of Loretto, Sisters 
 of Divine Providence. Sisters of Charity, Sisters of St. Benedict, of St. 
 Francis, of St. Ursula and of St. Joseph. A goodly array of dis¬ 
 tinguished Orders, the church’s gallant armies against ignorance 
 
 for duty, joining with his clergy in the zealous labors for which they are 
 remarkable. 
 
 Bishop Phelan’s Diocese now possesses two hundred and five 
 churches, two hundred and eighty-eight priests, one Diocesan seminary, 
 five seminaries for religious orders, four colleges, three preparatory semi¬ 
 naries for boys, six academies, one hundred and sixteen parochial 
 schools with an attendance of thirty-two thousand five hundred and 
 seventy-nine children and a Catholic population of two hundred and 
 six thousand. 
 
 Two industrial schools, four orphan asylums, three hospitals, one 
 home for working girls, and two homes for the aged poor testify to the 
 charity of the Catholics of the Pittsburg Diocese. 
 
 Bishop Phelan showed his interest in the educational department of 
 
 valiantly did they stand their ground at the World’s Fair, where huge 
 prejudices had to be combated. How well the intellectual warfare was 
 carried on, we will proceed to show in our descriptions of exhibits. 
 
 The Holy Ghost College, Pittsburg, is in charge of the devoted, 
 scholarly priests of the Order of the Holy Ghost. It was represented in 
 the exhibit by seven volumes of bound work, consisting of papers on 
 all the collegiate branches of study. It is needless to state that the 
 Christian Doctrine prepared under such supervision, was worthy of close 
 attention and repaid careful reading. The papers on arithmetic, alge¬ 
 bra, geometry and trigonometry showed a thorough knowledge of 
 mathematical principles and of the best methods of applying them. 
 Book-keeping was well written and its theories followed out in a clear, 
 practical style; the various business forms, too, were all that could be 
 
 80 
 
desired for young men, were they about to test their knowledge by en¬ 
 gaging in real business pursuits. 
 
 A wide knowledge of ancient and modern history was displayed and 
 with it a command of language, such as results from careful study of 
 rhetoric and literature. The papers on these subjects proved how close 
 had been the attention given them, but it was proved still better by the 
 well expressed and thoughtful compositions. The exhibit from this col¬ 
 lege gave an unusually extensive display of work in the classical and the 
 modern languages; Latin, French and Greek compositions,—no easy 
 matter,—quite different from the comparatively easy task of translation, 
 for instance. Then there were essays on Columbus, in Latin, Greek, 
 French, German and Polish; lengthy essays, in beautiful penmanship, 
 according to the characters used, and of exquisite expression, according to 
 the requirements of the grammar of the language in use, so far as the 
 writer of this was competent to judge. A volume of free-hand and 
 mechanical drawings gave great pleasure to the artistic taste, and the 
 three framed anatomical drawings were scientifically satisfactory. These 
 may be noticed in the illustration of alcove No. 47. At the head of the 
 alcove are the anatomical charts. 
 
 St. Vincent’s College, Beatty, in charge of the Benedictine Fathers, 
 ranks high among the educational institutions of the land. As previously 
 stated, the Pittsburg Diocese was the cradle of the Benedictine Order in 
 America, and there have its members been making steady progress to¬ 
 wards that perfection in all things which is the aim of religious life and 
 religious labor. 
 
 The exhibit of nine bound volumes of collegiate work was superlatively 
 fine, in all desirable qualities. The lower branches, arithmetic, grammar 
 geography, spelling and history, were given as beseemed the foundation 
 studies of the elegant and massive superstructure of collegiate branches. 
 Algebra, geometry and trigonometry were presented in a style that showed 
 depth in comprehension and keenness in application. Christian Doc¬ 
 trine as presented by the lower classes, was creditable to the authors ol 
 the papers and interesting to the readers. 
 
 The advanced students presented theological papers, papers on 
 Church History, mental philosophy, dogmatic theology, moral theology, 
 and Holy Scripture that were pronounced, by competent judges, to Vie the 
 highest work of the kind displayed anywhere in the educational depart¬ 
 ment of the World’s Fair. Comparisons are odious and we have made 
 it our strict rule to avoid them utterly. The judgment given above is 
 quoted; we are not judges of theological work. Doubtless there are 
 scores of colleges and seminaries that could have presented a similar 
 display, but they did not, so let the venerable Benedictine Order have 
 the honor due to zealous effort, even though successful effort be all in 
 which their students excelled. 
 
 The language display from this institution was likewise most exten¬ 
 sive, and, no doubt, admirable all through; we could not judge of all; 
 sixteen languages would daunt almost any American scholar ; t hat is, the 
 country at large is not aware of the existence within its boundaries of a 
 scholar competent to judge of papers written in sixteen different lang¬ 
 uages. The papers were there, however; if such a Solomon had been 
 among us at the Columbian Exposition, he could have read original 
 essays, written by students of St. Vincent’s College, in Latin, Greek, He¬ 
 brew, English, French, German, Irish, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Hun¬ 
 garian, Slavonian, Scandinavian, Polish, Lithuanian and Bohemian. A 
 cosmopolitan school surely, if these languages were represented, even in 
 part, by natives of the lands where they are spoken. After this evidence 
 of many-sided nationality, one looked with interest at the contents of the 
 two volumes of photographs of students and professors, striving to dis¬ 
 cover the natives of the many lands represented in the language exhibit. 
 
 The wall display comprised nineteen framed photographs, some oi 
 which may be discerned in the illustration of alcove 47, just below the 
 charts from the Holy Ghost College. 
 
 From St. Fidelis’ College, Herman, Pa., in charge of the Capuchin 
 Fathers, there was a small but choice exhibit of six volumes of beauti¬ 
 fully demonstrated mathematical work, arithmetic, algebra, geometry 
 and trigonometry; well written and excellently expressed papers on the 
 common branches, grammar, geography, history, and thoughtful essays on 
 the natural sciences. Here again we find many tongues, not quite the 
 babel we found in St. Vincent’s midst, but a fair knowledge, nevertheless, 
 of languages—classic and modern, displayed by compositions in English, 
 Latin, Greek, German and French. 
 
 St. Mary’s Academy, Pittsburg, is in charge of the Sisters of Mercy. 
 
 Who could have a better right to live and labor here, than those whose 
 cradle was here and to whom this Diocese has been a nursery, 
 whence Sisters of Mercy have gone forth to find new fields in 
 many directions? St. Mary’s Academy contributed work from the 
 various academic grades,—one sending papers on arithmetic, grammar, 
 geography, American history and book-keeping ; the arithmetic in per¬ 
 fect order, the principles carefully defined, the problems and their solu¬ 
 tions written out with admirable exactness; the grammar comprising 
 correctly answered questions and carefully parsed and analyzed sen¬ 
 tences ; the geography and history not widely separated and the book¬ 
 keeping a model of order and neatness. 
 
 The higher classes presented algebra, with its pretty work; geometry, 
 its figures so prettily drawn* and its theorems so carefully demonstrated; 
 trigonometry, interesting and showy, its problems calling for very dainty 
 drawings. From those classes, too, came well written papers on general 
 history, and very thoughtful ones on physiology, chemistry and astro¬ 
 nomy. Exercises in stenography and typewriting showed skill in a bread- 
 earning acquirement. Compositions in Latin and Greek showed a laud¬ 
 able attempt in the young ladies to rival their brothers in the colleges 
 referred to above. 
 
 Whatever the attainments in Latin and Greek might be, certainly 
 some of St. Mary’s pupils could paint china and do exquisite embroid¬ 
 ery. A case of hand painted china, as shown in the illustration of 
 alcove 49, displayed exquisite taste as well as skill, each dainty piece 
 worth almost its weight in gold. Four pieces of sewing and embroidery 
 proved skill of another kind, as did the three framed maps, drawn by 
 the pupils; nimble fingers and careful instruction united to form a very 
 pleasing result. One of these maps was copied from Toscanelli’s as used 
 by Columbus, and another was of Pittsburg. 
 
 St. Xavier’s Academy, of Beatty, also in charge of Sisters of Mercy, 
 sent an elaborate display. Seventeen volumes of school work included 
 a very pleasing treatment of history, grammar and geography; a careful, 
 reverent exposition of important chapters in Church History; and 
 gracefully written essays, their thoughtfulness and their polish resulting, 
 largely, from an extensive knowledge of literature. Such were the papers 
 displayed by the academy. Four paper covered booklets contained 
 work on natural philosophy, with five or six pictures, in colors, on each 
 cover. The essays on music had beautiful parchment covers, ornamented 
 with musical designs in colors. 
 
 Six charts (see Illus. of alcove 51), the lines of crimson and gold on 
 sheets of glazed linen, displayed outlines of Church History, very hand¬ 
 somely designed and skillfully executed; six folios contained charts on 
 natural history and the illustrations were exceptionally fine. The 
 folio on botany contained a rare collection of alga;, also many fine 
 illustrations. 
 
 The special feature of this exhibit was a large folio volume con¬ 
 taining genealogical charts of the French and English rulers given on 
 twenty sheets of oiled paper on which the diagrams were drawn in 
 colors, making a very handsome piece of work. A three paneled fire¬ 
 screen embroidered with silk was the only specimen of fancy work. 
 
 The Sisters of Mercy were represented still further by a display from 
 St. Aloysius’ Academy, Loretto. Seventeen volumes of academic 
 work, executed in first class academic style, redounded to the honor of 
 the order and of the institution. The four branches of mathematics 
 appeared in the varied perfection each one’s peculiarities necessitate. 
 The physical and natural sciences were presented, each with its possi¬ 
 bilities as to definition, expression and illustration fully realized. 
 
 An exceedingly meritorious feature of this display was its charts 
 and its relief map of South America. A relief map is simple enough 
 to look at, but when it comes to constructing one, with due regard to 
 geographical and scientific requirements, one finds how difficult it is 
 and how much skill it requires. “A Chart of American History, ” about 
 6x4 ft. in size (see Illus. of alcove 51), bore in colors the escutcheon 
 of each state ; along the top margin, was printed, in gold, “Columbus, 
 1492-1892.” Below this inscription were portraits in pen-work of 
 all the presidents of the United States, of the greatest generals of our 
 Revolutionary and Civil Wars, and of our best authors; sur¬ 
 rounding these portraits were pen-printed dates and statements of facts, 
 relating to the personages portrayed by the pen pictures. 
 
 Another handsome wall piece in this display was the “Chart of 
 Universal Biography” (see Illus. of alcove 51), mounted like a map ; it 
 bore a picture of a number of mountain peaks, on the sides of which 
 
 8 i 
 
were inscribed, at various heights., the names of great men. The posi¬ 
 tion of the name, in relation with the mountain top, was in harmony 
 with the rank of its bearer in his particular sphere, literary, scientific or 
 political. Besides the charts, the wall display included many beautiful 
 water color sketches from nature, also several exquisite flower pieces in 
 water colors. A handsome easel, of some rich variety of hard wood, 
 graced the alcove, as will be seen in our illustration. The carving, so 
 skillfully executed, was the work of the pupils and of their teachers in 
 this industrial art. 
 
 As we returned to the Pittsburg .domain in the educational empire, 
 after an intermission of some sort, our attention was caught by an open 
 album showing handsome chart work and some beautiful pencil draw- 
 
 graphy, history, grammar, spelling, algebra, Bible History, with pencil 
 and pen drawings to illustrate the work, also a volume of map and 
 free hand drawing, with a card bearing beautiful specimens ol pen¬ 
 manship, plain and ornamental. St. Ann’s Benedictine Academy con¬ 
 tributed a volume of creditable papers on Christian Doctrine. 
 
 Mount Galitzin Academy, in charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph, 
 presented two volumes containing class work in Christian Doctrine, 
 Church History, civil government, history, grammar, literature and 
 spelling. This institution is situated in Ebensburg, which town was 
 honored by the excellent work of its Catholic daughters, as shown in the 
 small but choice exhibit. Greensburg, too, was honored; for there is 
 situated St. Joseph’s Academy, the Mother House of an independent 
 
 EXHIBIT OF DIOCESE OF PITTSBURG. (ALCOVE NO. 49). SCHOOLS 
 SISTERS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE, SISTERS 
 
 ings. It was from St. Benedict’s Academy, Allegheny, in charge of 
 Benedictine Sisters. The charts presented historical facts; eminent 
 English and American personages had their names inscribed on a tinted 
 square space in the middle of a page, one large square to each page, and 
 about it as many other squares of various tints and shapes as the size of 
 the page permitted; in each of these pretty divisions of space was in¬ 
 scribed some date, or some fact relating to the individual whose name 
 was in the center. In somewhat similar manner was given the descrip¬ 
 tion and history of the five races of human beings, a pencil drawing of 
 a specimen of each race accompanying the chart treating of that race. 
 These charts were about 30x20 inches in size. From this institution 
 there were, also, sixteen volumes of real Benedictine work (that is a very 
 complimentary proper adjective), papers on catechism, arithmetic, geo¬ 
 
 s' BROTHERS OF MARY, SISTERS OF PROVIDENCE, SISTERS OF CHARITY, 
 
 ST. FRANCIS AND SISTERS OF ST. JOSEPH. 
 
 Order of the Sisters of Charity, who sent a small but very pleasing ex¬ 
 hibit. This comprised one volume each of Christian Doctrine, Church 
 History, grammar, word analysis, orthography, geography and arithme¬ 
 tic, treated after the most approved methods of teaching grammar school 
 branches. The following academic branches were disposed of, in pretty 
 penmanship and with an excellent expression of correct statements, viz.: 
 algebra, geometry, physical geography, physiology, natural philosophy, 
 astronomy, botany, literature and history. A volume of music, with its 
 theories and its recommendations for proper practice, did justice to the 
 heavenly science and won praise for St. Joseph’s class. Another volume 
 or album contained a beautiful collection of water color sketches. The 
 wall display included three oil paintings, presented in the illustration 
 of alcove 49, as also are the seven pieces of hand-painted china, so 
 
exquisite in design, coloring and execution. The bound work was 
 worthy of special commendation, because every subject, even dull gram¬ 
 mar, was illustrated handsomely with drawings. Among the water 
 color pictures were several large, elegant dower pieces painted on tinted 
 paper which increased the beauty of the effect. 
 
 One of Pittsburg’s special glories is its Ursuline Academy, and well 
 did it stand by the honor of the city and that of the Diocese at the 
 Colu in bi an Ex position. 
 
 The pupils of the Ursuline Nuns presented an exhibit of great 
 variety and marked excellence, including, five volumes of grade work, 
 handsome charts, mechanical drawings, maps and oil paintings, also 
 nine pieces of embroidery. The grade work, with its exact papers on 
 four branches of mathematics, its excellent exposition of important his¬ 
 torical information, its clear and solid display of the principles and facts 
 of the natural and the physical sciences, and its charming papers on 
 rhetoric and literature, was delightful to read; so also were the compo¬ 
 sitions in English, French and German, each being true to the genius 
 of the language in which it was written. The embroidery was ex¬ 
 ecuted in silk, on flannel and on linen. An oil painting representing 
 “The Deathbed of Columbus,” a scene similar to that shown in a large 
 picture exhibited in La Rabida, may be seen standing on the floor 
 at the head of alcove 47, as presented in our illustration. 
 
 The charts were beautifully mounted and very artistically decorated. 
 One, about 50x35 inches in size, bearing the inscription “Universal 
 History,” was painted in water colors, a different tint for each nation; on 
 this tint was inscribed, in pretty pen-work, an abbreviated history of 
 that particular nation, showing its progress from its origin to the date 
 of the Columbian Exposition. The names of its noted men were 
 arranged according to the century that each illuminated ; and its great 
 events were placed in like manner. The principal nations having 
 been thus presented, the chart was finished by a line pen etching of 
 three beautiful figures representing the Arts and their principal attri¬ 
 butes. 
 
 Another was botanical; around the margin was a border of very 
 pretty conventional designs; within this border was a space, about 
 30x40 inches, where were represented, in dainty colors, and well mag¬ 
 nified, all the parts, even the most delicate, of several typical plants, 
 as described by Jessieu’s system. A third, about 35x25 inches, repre¬ 
 sented the various styles of architecture, ancient and modern, the tints 
 of the various kinds of marble being imitated in watercolor painting. 
 The explanations and notes were given in beautiful ornamental 
 penmanship. A fourth was mathematical, displaying exquisitely 
 drawn geometrical figures and illustrations of other mathematical 
 principles. A fifth, about 30x20 inches, presented, in a charming 
 style, the interesting subject of English and French history, from the 
 Norman Conquest to the date of the Columbian Exposition. At a 
 glance, one saw the names of contemporaneous English and French 
 sovereigns, with the chief events of each one’s reign. The several 
 dynasties were prettily indicated in various colors and shades. The 
 national Hags likewise appeared in the proper colors. A sixth, about 
 40x30 inches in size, showed Bible History and Church History, from 
 the Creation to the present pontificate. On this were shown centuries, 
 epochs and years in various colors and shades, with the chief events 
 handsomely pen printed. A seventh, perhaps 25x35 inches in size, 
 gave information regarding that subject at one time so romantic in inter¬ 
 est and so important in chivalry, viz.: —“Heraldry.” Shields and coats 
 of arms, in colors, illustrated the various degrees of knighthood and of 
 merit, as formerly shown by heraldic colors. The border and the cen¬ 
 ter piece were in perfect harmony with the rest of the chart, the former 
 being made up of heraldic designs and the latter being a compact coat 
 of arms, displaying supporters, mantling device and crest. This chart 
 was the work, we understand, of one of the pupils. If her father 
 possessed a private library, he must have been proud to adorn one of its 
 vacant wall spaces with this handsome piece of pen and brush work. 
 The eighth in the series, 25x35 inches, not less handsome than the 
 others, referred to United States history. At the head of the chart was 
 the American escutcheon, in colors. Beneath two gracefully draped 
 flags were pen printed the names of the important personages and 
 events of our history, from the days of W ashington to those of Cleve¬ 
 land, inclusive. 
 
 The last one of this beautiful, this almost priceless collection, was a 
 chart of penmanship, displaying the various styles, both plain and orna¬ 
 
 mental. Each specimen was written within the boundary lines of an 
 exquisitely drawn geometrical figure. Each pupil’s caligraphy was 
 shown in the inscribing of a quotation from some great author, or the 
 proverbs of various nations and all was completed by the beautifully 
 penned command, “Let Your Light Shine!” This last was the fitting 
 motto of the school and its exhibit was literal obedience. (See all these 
 charts in illustration of alcove 47.) 
 
 The work of the forty-five parochial schools of this Diocese was in 
 harmony with that found all through the Catholic Educational Exhibit. 
 It was practical, thorough and up to the times in every particular; equal 
 in all progressive points to the best public school work, it yet excelled it 
 in the requirements of beauty and art and in that subtle refinement that 
 distinguishes the religious from the purely worldly work, in whatever 
 department it may be. Everywhere the parochial schools displayed 
 beautiful drawings, handsome maps and charts, in colors and illustra¬ 
 tions, in pencil drawing, to adorn their bound volumes. 
 
 The twelve parish schools, in charge of the Sisters of Charity, also 
 their exhibits, were as follows:—In Pittsburg, Holy Cross School dis¬ 
 played papers on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, United States 
 history, geography, map-drawing, dictations, spelling ; illustrated, all of 
 them, with pencil sketches; Sacred Heart School, Christian Doctrine, 
 grammar, United States history, spelling, catechism, arithmetic, book¬ 
 keeping, geography and pencil drawing; St. James’ School, Christian 
 Doctrine, history, grammar, arithmetic and spelling; St. John’s School 
 Christian Doctrine, United States history, orthography, geography, gram¬ 
 mar ; St. John Baptist’s School, the same studies as just mentioned, 
 with drawing in addition ; St. Kieman’s, the same ; St. Malachy’s. the 
 same and in addition algebra, book-keeping and stenography; St. 
 John’s School of Altoona, sent papers on Church History, the four com¬ 
 mon branches of mathematics, natural philosophy, astronomy, general 
 history, geography, intellectual philosophy and literature; Johnstown, 
 St. Columba’s School gave papers on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, 
 grammar, history, algebra, stenography; Scottdale, St. John’s School pre¬ 
 sented exercises in Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, history, geography and 
 composition. The papers from St. Joseph’s School, Sharpsburg, were on 
 the same subjects as those just mentioned, so also were those from St. 
 James’ School, Wilkinsburg, with the addition of algebra and book¬ 
 keeping. 
 
 The schools in charge of the Sisters of Mercy made exhibits as follows: 
 Of Pittsburg, St. Agnes’ School, Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, algebra, 
 grammar, geography,spelling, United States history and map-drawing; St. 
 Benedict’s (pupils? colored), Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, spelling, dicta¬ 
 tion and four pieces of plain sewing; St. Bridget’s, five volumes Christian 
 Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, Church History, United States history, 
 geography and map-drawing; St. Mary of Mercy School, Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, arithmetic, grammar, history, geography and drawing; St. Mary’s 
 School, two volumes of Christian Doctrine, book-keeping, arithmetic, 
 algebra, geometry, grammar, literature, stenography and one chart, after 
 Toscanolli’s map, of the voyages of Columbus; St. Paul’s School, both 
 male and female departments, the former contributing three volumes of 
 Christian Doctrine, geography, history, grammar, arithmetic, maps, two 
 framed maps and a folio of map and freehand drawings; the latter, pre¬ 
 sented five volumes of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, letter 
 writing, dictation, exposition, maps in colors and three folios of freehand 
 and map drawings; St. Patrick’s, two volumes of Christian Doctrine, 
 United States history, grammar, dictation and arithmetic. 
 
 From other parts of the Diocese, parts outside the See city, the Sis¬ 
 ters of Mercy were represented by work from two schools in Allegheny, 
 St. Andrew’s and St. Peter’s, the former sending two volumes of Christ- 
 tian Doctrine, history, grammar, spelling, arithmetic, derivation of words 
 and one folio of maps; the latter sending two volumes of Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, grammar, penmanship and book-keeping; St. Thomas’School of 
 Braddock sent one volume of Christian Doctrine, grammar, United 
 States history, geography and physiology ; the Immaculate Conception 
 School, Connellsville, presented seven volumes of Church History, etymo¬ 
 logy, grammar, arithmetic, physiology, rhetoric, chronology and two 
 handsome historical maps ; Holy Family School, Latrobe, sent two vol¬ 
 umes of Christian Doctrine, grammar, Latin roots, English derivatives, 
 algebra, arithmetic, geography, compositions, stenography, typewrit¬ 
 ing ; from St. Coleman’s School, Turtle Creek and St. Mathew’s, Tyrone, 
 there were two volumes of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, 
 history, geography, familiar science and compositions; with these, we 
 
 83 
 
finish the educational exhibit of the Sisters of Mercv of the Pittsburg 
 Diocese. Their displays are presented in the illustration ol alcove 5.1. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Francis exhibited parish school work from St. 
 Peter’s, St. George’s, St. Joseph’s and the female department of St. 
 Michael’s, all located in the city of Pittsburg. The last named con¬ 
 tributed eighteen volumes of elegantly written and excellently expressed 
 papers on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, history, geography, 
 English and German compositions, orthography and drawing, also forty- 
 eight crayon drawings, twenty-one mechanical and architectural draw¬ 
 ings, ten maps and five charts for penmanship. These maps and charts 
 may be seen in the illustrations of alcove 49. From the other three schools 
 mentioned above were sent twelve volumes of Christian Doctrine, 
 
 of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, history, spelling, derivation 
 of words, book-keeping, English and German compositions, one folio of 
 maps and thirteen charts for drawing lessons. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Joseph sent work from Borrough School, Galitzin, 
 St. Francis de Sales’ School, Chartiers; St. John’s, Johnstown; and 
 Tunnel 1 Hill School, Tunnell Hill, comprised in seventeen volumes of 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, language, book-keeping, 
 literature, spelling, history, grammar, biography, civil government, map 
 drawing, algebra, German and physiology. The Sisters of Mercy of 
 Loretto, St. Paul’s School and St. Peter’s School, both in Butler, pre¬ 
 sented three volumes of parish school work of the grammar school 
 grades and one of fine historical and geographical charts, the proper 
 
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 KXHIRIT OF DIOCKSE OF PITTSBURG. (ALCOVE NO. 51). EXHIBITS OF ACADEMIES AND PARISH SCHOOLS OF SISTERS OF MERCY. 
 
 arithmetic, grammar, English and German compositions, dictations 
 and penmanship. The Franciscan Sisters had exhibits from five schools 
 outside the city of Pittsburg: St. Joseph’s and St. Mary’s of Johns¬ 
 town sent seven volumes of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, 
 history, geography, English and German compositions; St. Anthony’s 
 of Millvale, St. Joseph’s of Mt. Oliver and St. Mary’s of Sharpsburg 
 sent twelve volumes on the same subjects as those just mentioned. 
 
 St. Peter’s and St. Paul’s School, Pittsburg, in charge of the Sisters 
 of Divine Providence, contributed one volume of Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic, grammar, geography, English and German compositions. 
 The Benedictine Sisters were represented by the following parish school 
 work :—St. Joseph’s and St. Mary’s Schools, Allegheny, five volumes 
 
 combination, for history and geography should be, ever and always, 
 companion studies. 
 
 Thus we close the extensive and highly honorable exhibit from the 
 Diocese of Pittsburg. Words of commendation are needless ; the mere 
 mention of the features of the work has shown its value. Suffice it to 
 say that the parish school work, though including lower branches than 
 that from academies, was, in every particular a worthy foundation for 
 the academical work to succeed it, should the pupils continue to attend 
 school. Nothing earthly is exactly perfect, but so few and so small were, 
 the imperfections in the work displayed, it would be unjust and unkind 
 to point them out. All honor to the faithful teachers and students of 
 the Pittsburg Diocese! 
 
Cl Complete Summary of tf?e Cxfytbtts of ttje Province of 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 THE ARCHDIOCESE OF CINCINNATI. 
 
 Brothers of Mary. 
 
 St. Mary’s Institute, Dayton: —Students’ Work: Nineteen volumes: 
 Grammar, rhetoric, composition, literature, map drawing, geography 
 commercial law, business forms, arithmetic, algebra, trigonometry, 
 physics, chemistry (actual laboratory work), three volumes book¬ 
 keeping (actual business practice), one volume phonography, one vol¬ 
 ume typewriting, three volumes penmanship, one volume pen drawing, 
 one volume color studies, lour volumes freehand drawing, one volume 
 landscapes, seventeen large architectural drawings (actual measurement), 
 twenty large crayon drawings, six water-colors from still life, five 
 crayon drawings from cast, twenty-two water-color studies and one large 
 drawing (Lavis). Normal Work: Ten pen drawings; “Our Father” and 
 “In Memoriam,” pen drawings by members of the faculty, photographs 
 of buildings, classes, laboratories, sodalities, etc., by members of the 
 faculty, a grand course of linear drawing. Preparatory Normal School:— 
 Normal Work: Sixty-two specimens of floral environs with description, 
 seventy specimens of penmanship, thirty pen drawings, fifty crayon out¬ 
 lines from cast, thirty-two crayon drawings from the flat, eight crayon 
 drawings from the object, thirty-one crayon drawings from the cast, six 
 crayons from relief, three pastel drawings, five charcoal drawings, six 
 water colors from still life, six water-color studies (copied), six etchings, 
 fifteen specimens of automatic pen-work, three topographical maps 
 (actual measurement), twenty-seven mechanical measurements, four 
 architectural drawings (actual measurement), three mechanical drawings 
 (Lavis), two architectural drawings, perspective (actual measurement), 
 orders of architecture constructed from scale, seven gothic constructions, 
 one relief map of St. Mary’s Institute grounds (actual surveys). 
 Students' Work: Three volumes: Christian Doctrine, three volumes, 
 Bible and Church History, six volumes English and German com¬ 
 positions and commercial law, six volumes: English and German 
 dictations, exercises and grammar, one volume rhetoric and literature, 
 one volume United States, ancient and Bible History, mediaeval history 
 general geography, five volumes book-keeping (actual business practice), 
 three volumes physics, one volume chemistry, nine volumes arithmetic, 
 geography and geometry, one volume trigonometry, one volume survey¬ 
 ing and leveling (actual surveys and measurements), five volumes free¬ 
 hand drawing, six volumes penmanship, three volumes linear drawing, 
 pen drawing (original and copied), one volume conventional drawing 
 from flower forms in original designs, one volume repertory of music 
 performed by the faculty and the students of the Preparatory Normal 
 School, one volume of isometrical drawings and parallel perspective, one 
 volume of angular perspective, original compositions and melodies 
 written from memory, one volume sepia painting, one ecclesiastical 
 map of the United States, normal work by members of the faculty, 
 specimens of blue printing. Emmanuel School:—One volume English 
 and German compositions and letter writing, three volumes arithmetic 
 and mensuration, one volume map drawing, two volumes freehand draw¬ 
 ing, one hundred specimens of freehand drawing, one volume language, 
 four copy books specimens of class work, six volumes of specimens 
 penmanship. Holy Trinity School, Dayton:—Twelve volumes: Gram¬ 
 mar, German and English compositions, penmanship, maps, drawing. 
 
 St. Joseph’s School, Cincinnati:—One volume Christian Doctrine, five 
 volumes English and German compositions, letters, three volumes 
 English and German dictations, one volume business letters, two volumes 
 class work, one volume United States history, geography, four volumes 
 freehand drawing, one volume linear drawing, map drawing,thirty speci¬ 
 mens of large crayon drawings, sixty specimens of English and German 
 penmanship. St. Mary’s School:—Ten volumes: English and German 
 grammar, compositions, letter writing, translations, dictations, practical 
 science, practical arithmetic, United States history, mensuration, intel¬ 
 lectual arithmetic, geography, algebra, penmanship, four volumes free¬ 
 hand drawing and one volume linear drawing. 
 
 Sisters of St. Francis {Mother House, Oldenburg, Ind.). 
 
 St. Bonaventura’s School, Cincinnati:—Two volumes class work. 
 St. Michael’s School, Cincinnati:—Two volumes class work, one volume 
 drawing. St. Charles’ School, Carthage:—One volume examination 
 papers and one volume drawing. Mary of Help School, Sedansville:— 
 
 One volume class work and one volume drawing. St. Aloysius’ School^ 
 Delhi:— One volume of examination papers. St. Aloysius’ School, Cov¬ 
 ington : —Five volumes: Arithmetic, spelling, geography, Bible History, 
 penmanship, compositions, German, United States history and Christian 
 Doctrine. 
 
 Sisters of Notre Dame, Cincinnati. 
 
 Four volumes illuminated and ornamental pen-work, original designs 
 “The Voyages of Columbus.” Ode to Columbus, artistically illustrated 
 with pen and brush. These volumes will be found fully described in 
 the notice of the Collective Exhibit of the Notre Dame Sisters of Boston, 
 Mass. 
 
 Ursuline Sisters. 
 
 St. Francis’ School, Dayton:—One volume: Christian Doctrine, Ger¬ 
 man exercises, compositions and arithmetic. 
 
 THE DIOCESE OF CLEVELAND. 
 
 The Jesuit Fathers, Cleveland. 
 
 St. Ignatius College:—Twelve volumes: Drawing, French, phono¬ 
 graphy, grammar, geography, arithmetic, penmanship, English composi¬ 
 tions, sacred history, German, spelling, map drawing, Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, Latin, algebra, book-keeping, polyglot, mathematics, history, 
 physics and Greek. 
 
 The Christian Brothers, Toledo. 
 
 St. Francis de Sales’ School: —Male Dept.: Forty-five albums history ; 
 fifteen albums book-keeping ; eighty albums arithmetic; one hundred 
 and two albums penmanship; twenty-seven albums compositions; six¬ 
 teen albums mensuration ; four volumes penmanship (contrast pages) ; 
 collection of large maps ; one hundred and fifty-six small maps ; fifty- 
 four albums Christian Doctrine; forty albums spelling; thirty-five 
 albums geography; twenty albums abbreviations. 
 
 The Brothers of Mary, Cleveland. 
 
 St. Mary’s Assumption School:—Three volumes : Drawing, arithme¬ 
 tic, grammar, geography, United States history and letter writing. St. 
 Patrick’s School:—Sixty-two volumes : Drawing, dictations, algebra, 
 book-keeping, United States history, grammar, language, business forms, 
 Christian Doctrine, commercial arithmetic, mechanical problems, Bible 
 History and drawing. Two volumes drawing and one framed drawing. St. 
 John’s Cathedral School: - Male Dept. : Sixteen volumes: Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, mechanical drawing, geography, map drawing, orthography, dicta¬ 
 tions, letter writing and compositions, grammar, literature, arithmetic, 
 algebra, [book-keeping, geometrical drawing, business forms, general and 
 United States history, physics, crayon drawing, penmanship, pen-work, 
 photographs of cathedral, bishop’s residence, etc. 
 
 Sisters of Charity (Mt. St. Joseph, 0 .). 
 
 St. Rose of Lima School, Lima:—One volume: Christian Doctrine, 
 drawing, philosophy, history, geometry, arithmetic, penmanship, United 
 States history and mechanical drawing. St. Bridget’s School, Cleveland:— 
 Three volumes: Christian Doctrine, language, geography, penmanship, 
 drawing, music, astronomy, history, geology, physical geography, pen¬ 
 manship, botany, physics. 
 
 Sisters of the Good Shepherd. 
 
 Convent of The Good Shepherd, Cleveland: — One infant’s robe, one 
 infant’s short dress, two brown silk capes, one pillow slip, one black 
 satin work-box, one pyx case, one sachet bag, one cushion cover, two 
 fascinators. 
 
 Sisters of The Most Precious Blood. 
 
 Catholic District School, Glandorf:—One volume: Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, German, arithmetic, spelling and definitions. SS. Peter and Paul’s 
 School, Ottawa:—One volume Christian Doctrine, compositions, arith¬ 
 metic and spelling. 
 
 Sisters of St. Francis. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, Bellevue : —One volume: Arithmetic, map draw¬ 
 ing, grammar, algebra, astronomy, United. States constitution, letters, 
 diagrams and compositions. St. Patrick’s School, Galion:—One volume: 
 Catechism, Bible History, arithmetic, geography, dictation, language, 
 penmanship, letters, spelling, compositions, United States history. St. 
 Joseph’s School, Galion :—Two volumes: Bible History, geography, Ger¬ 
 man exercises, arithmetic, penmanship, orthography and map drawing. 
 Holy Trinity School, Avon:—Two volumes: Drawing, Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, arithmetic, German exercises and map drawing. St. Joseph’s 
 
School, Monroeville:—Four painted and ornamented gold mottoes. St. 
 Peter’s School, North Ridgeville :—One volume: Bible History, cate¬ 
 chism, grammar, United States history, arithmetic, geography, grammar, 
 dictations and spelling. St. Stanislaus’ School, Cleveland:—One vol¬ 
 ume: Christian Doctrine, Bible History, arithmetic, grammar, geography 
 and compositions. 
 
 Dominican Sisters (Jersey City, N- J.). 
 
 St. Bernard’s School, Akron:—One volume: Catechism, Bible History, 
 arithmetic, grammar, spelling, compositions, United States history, geog¬ 
 raphy and drawing. 
 
 Secular Teachers. 
 
 St. Joseph’s School, Ashtabula:—Two volumes: Arithmetic, pen¬ 
 manship, Christian Doctrine, spelling, grammar, United States history 
 and geography. Our Mother of Sorrows’ School, Ashtabula Harbor:— 
 One volume: Geography, Christian Doctrine, map drawing, spelling, 
 grammar and arithmetic. St. Michael’s School, Findlay : - One volume: 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, spelling and geography. St. Wendelin’s 
 School, Fostoria:—One volume: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, compo¬ 
 sition, grammar, spelling, definitions and book-keeping. SS. Philip 
 and James’ School, Fulton Canal:—Map drawing, algebra, arithmetic, 
 spelling, Christian Doctrine, mechanical drawing and penmanship. St. 
 Mary’s School, Massillon :—Eight volumes: Christian Doctrine, arith¬ 
 metic, geography. United States history, penmanship, drawing, spelling, 
 grammar and natural history. 
 
 Sisters of the Humili ty of Mary- 
 St. Mary’s Annunciation School, Cleveland: —One volume: Draw¬ 
 ing, composition, dictation and spelling.' St. Stephen’s School, Niles: — 
 Arithmetic, grammar, catechism, compositions, map drawing, letter 
 writing, Christian Doctrine and mechanical drawing. Villa Maria 
 Convent, Villa Maria, Lawrence Co., Pa.: — Normal Department: Hair 
 painting: Artistic picture of the Landing of Columbus, made from hair 
 of Archbishops and Bishops of the United States. Framed. Descrip¬ 
 tion, with names of Prelates whose hair was used. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Joseph, Cleveland. 
 
 St. Augustine’s School:—Four volumes: Physiology, arithmetic, 
 Christian Doctrine, book-keeping, rhetoric, map drawing, history and 
 literature. St. Column's School:—One volume: Drawing, language, 
 arithmetic, dictations, Christian Doctrine, orthography, United States 
 history and Bible History. St. Procopius’School.—One volume: Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography and history. St. Wenceslaus’ 
 School:—One volume: Arithmetic, algebra, Christian Doctrine, United 
 States history, Bible History, geography, book-keeping, compositions, 
 letter writing, grammar, music, drawing. St. Mary’s School, Elyria : — 
 One volume: Catechism, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, history, 
 spelling, grammar, music, compositions, geography, map drawing, 
 arithmetic and book-keeping. St. Mary’s School, Norwalk: —One vol¬ 
 ume: Christian Doctrine, geography, Bible History, spelling, letter 
 writing, arithmetic and grammar. Immaculate Conception School, 
 Wellsville:— One volume : Drawing, catechism, United States history, 
 mental arithmetic, practical arithmetic, music and grammar. 
 
 Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Mary. 
 
 Holy Name School, Cleveland:—Four volumes: Book-keeping, sac¬ 
 red history, United States history, language, grammar, geography, Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, drawing, spelling, music and penmanship. Holy Angels’ 
 School, Sandusky :—One volume : Grammar, Christian Doctrine, arith¬ 
 metic, orthography, geography and United States History. SS. Peter and 
 Paul’s School:—One volume: Compositions, catechism, algebra, book¬ 
 keeping, arithmetic, grammar, history and map drawing. 
 
 Sisters of Notre Dame (Mother House in Cleveland) 
 
 St. Mary’s School, Akron: —One volume : Arithmetic, Bible History, 
 spelling, grammar, United States history, geography, penmanship. 
 St. Vincent’s School :—One "volume: Arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, 
 grammar, United States history, geography and penmanship. St. 
 John’s School, Canton :—One volume: Christian Doctrine, compositions, 
 geography, grammar, dictations, catechism and spelling. St. Peter’s 
 School:—One volume : Christian Doctrine, grammar, arithmetic, compo¬ 
 sitions, letter writing, penmanship, theory of music, astronomy, physics 
 and book-keeping. The following exercises in German: Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, Bible History, grammar, letter writing, compositions and penman¬ 
 ship. Notre Dame Academy, Cleveland:—Three volumes: Christian Doc¬ 
 
 trine, Church History, geography, Bible History, spelling, language, 
 United States history, definitions, grammar, compositions, rhetoric, litera¬ 
 ture, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, astronomy, ancient history, zoology, 
 physiology, theory of music, book-keeping and drawing. One large oil 
 painting, two water colors and one crayon picture, one leather picture. 
 Our Lady of Lourdes’ School:— One volume: Christian Doctrine, German, 
 grammar, United States history and theory of music. St. Peter’s School: 
 —Two volumes: Bible History, arithmetic, spelling, definitions,grammar, 
 compositions, German language, German compositions, geography, 
 United States history, theory of music, penmanship, Christian Doctrine, 
 mental arithmetic, dictations, English compositions, mechanical drawing, 
 photographs of school .and church. St. Michael’s School :—One volume: 
 German, arithmetic, grammar, United States history and geography. 
 St. Francis’School:—One volume : German, grammar, dictations, com¬ 
 position and geography. St. Adalbert’s School:—One volume: Christian 
 Doctrine, compositions, Bible History, penmanship and letter writing. 
 St. Stephen’s School:—One volume: German composition, grammar, 
 spelling, dictation, compositions, letters, map drawing and penmanship. 
 St. James’ School, Delphos :—Three volumes: Drawing, Christian 
 Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, composition, spelling, catechism and 
 photographs. St. Joseph’s School, Freemont:—One volume : Grammar, 
 drawing, spelling, Christian Doctrine. St. Mary’s School, Toledo:—One 
 volume: Christian Doctrine, music, drawing and arts. St. Paid’s 
 School, Norwalk :—German exercises, Christian Doctrine, history, gram¬ 
 mar, arithmetic, geography, dictations, compositions, United States his¬ 
 tory and penmanship. St. Augustine’s School, Napoleon :—One volume : 
 Christian Doctrine, grammar, catechism, United States history, geogra¬ 
 phy and compositions. 
 
 Dominican Sisters (Mother House, Jersey City, N. J.). 
 
 Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Defiance, O.:—Six volumes: Dictations, 
 spelling, language, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, compositions, letter 
 writing, geography, drawings, physics, physiology and Christian Doctrine. 
 
 The Ursuline Sisters. 
 
 St. Malachy’s School,Cleveland:—Two volumes language,arithmetic, 
 geography, grammar, United States history, book-keeping, catechism, 
 algebra, physics, drawing. St. Mary’s Assumption School: — Female Dept.: 
 One volume: Grammar, spelling, arithmetic, German, United States his¬ 
 tory. St. Joseph’s School: —Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, catechism, 
 grammar, German translations, letters, language, spelling, dictation and 
 United States history. St. John’s Cathedral School: —Female Dept.: 
 Three volumes: Christian Doctrine, map drawing, arithmetic, algebra, 
 United States history, literature, physiology, general history and Church 
 History. St. Patrick’s Female School:—Six volumes: Stenography, 
 universal history, compositions, literature and geography. Ursuline 
 College:—Three volumes: Drawing. Christian Doctrine, spelling, lan¬ 
 guage, Bible History, grammar, arithmetic, geography and United States 
 history. Ceremonies of the Church, analysis of Balmes’ European Civil¬ 
 ization, Latin, physics, geometry, trigonometry, rhetoric, literature, alge¬ 
 bra, botany, geology and drawing. Immaculate Conception School: - One 
 volume: Christian Doctrine, compositions, physiology, natural history, 
 geography, United States history, music, map and mechanical drawing. 
 St. Mary’s School, Tiffin:—One volume : Grammar, Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic, orthography, United States history, map and mechanical 
 drawing. St. Joseph’s School:—Two volumes: Grammar, spelling, 
 geography, Bible History, penmanship, arithmetic and book-keeping. 
 Ursuline Convent, Tiffin:—Six volumes: Christian Doctrine, drawing, 
 rhetoric, philosophy, book-keeping, mythology, elocution, trigonometry, 
 astronomy, arithmetic, chemistry, drawing and compositions. Six 
 framed water colors, two pastels, six crayons, two charcoals, two lead 
 pencils, four paintings on china, one oil painting, two framed photo¬ 
 graphs, one embroidered vestment, six pieces lace work, one small box 
 plain sewing and one volume kindergarten work. Ursuline Convent of 
 the Sacred Heart, Toledo:—Nine volumes: Bible History, catechism, 
 arithmetic, grammar, map and mechanical drawing, essays, astronomy, 
 book-keeping, rhetoric, algebra and one volume photographs. One oil 
 painting, five kindergarten charts, two vases and six pieces of needle¬ 
 work. St. Francis de Sales School, Toledo: —Female Dept.: Seventy-one 
 albums Christian Doctrine; thirty-nine albums modern history; three 
 albums physical geography; twenty-seven albums English literature; two 
 albums rhetoric; two albums natural history; eleven albums physiology; 
 seventy-one albums arithmetic; fourteen albums algebra; fourteen 
 
albums geography; fifteen albums spelling; fourteen albums penman¬ 
 ship ; twenty-seven albums map drawing; fifty-six small maps; two 
 large maps ; thirty-one albums grammar ; forty-three albums geography ; 
 thirty-one albums music; twenty-nine specimens of letter writing ; twelve 
 albums natural history ; two albums letters and addresses; one volume 
 surface forms ; one volume language stories; one volume “Story of To¬ 
 ledo”; kindergarten work ; paper cutting and folding. Immaculate 
 Conception School, Youngstown:—Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic, geography, language, penmanship and United States history. 
 St. Columba’s School:—Three volumes: Christian Doctrine, algebra, 
 arithmetic, drawing and United States history. St. Joseph’s School:— 
 arithmetic, maps, catechism, spelling, grammar, music, geography, com¬ 
 positions and rhetoric., Ursuline Academy, Villa Angela (Nottingham, 
 P. 0.):—Eight volumes: Christian Doctrine, Bible History, botany, 
 scientific papers, arithmetic, mathematics, literature, drawings, paintings 
 and etchings, and one portfolio drawings and botanical specimens; 
 seventeen paintings on celluloid, “Yankee Doodle ” on chamois, “large 
 cross” on tapestry; two pastels, “ Winter Scene” and “Lion’s Head"; 
 two water colors, “A House” and “Grotto”; seven crayons on white 
 card-board and six charcoal pictures. 
 
 THE DIOCESE OF COVINGTON. 
 
 Benedictine Sisters, Covington. 
 
 Academy of St. Walburga, Covington: —Three volumes of class work: 
 English and German exercises in catechism, Bible History, grammar 
 and compositions. English exercises in: Ecclesiastical history, ortho¬ 
 graphy, rhetoric, literature, arithmetic, book-keeping, algebra, geometry, 
 geography, practical science, physics, mythology, astronomy, physio¬ 
 logy, botany, United States history, civil government, history of England 
 and France, ancient history, stenography, typewriting, painting as an 
 art, music and map drawing. St. Joseph’s School:— Female Depart¬ 
 ment: —Two volumes: Arithmetic, map drawing, letters, geography, 
 compositions, Christian Doctrine, spelling and history. 
 
 The Sisters of Charity of Nazareth, Covington. 
 
 La Salette Academy:—Six volumes: Map drawing, Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, spelling, Latin, geometry, algebra, philosophy, practical science, 
 arithmetic, letter writing, Bible History, music and book-keeping. St. 
 Catharine’s Academy, Lexington:—Five volumes: Map drawing, 
 arithmetic, compositions, grammar, Christian Doctrine and spelling. 
 Immaculate Conception Academy, Newport:—Five volumes: Church 
 History, Christian Doctrine, map drawing, arithmetic, grammar, geo¬ 
 graphy, mental arithmetic, compositions, remembered reading, spelling, 
 natural philosophy, zoology, physiology, drawing and music. Cathedral 
 School of St. Mary’s, Covington:—Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, 
 United States history, grammar, arithmetic, letter writing and map 
 drawing. St. Patrick’s School:—Three volumes: Map drawing, letter 
 writing, geography, compositions, Christian Doctrine, penmanship and 
 map drawing. St, Joseph’s and St. Aloysius’ School, Frankfort: — 
 Fourteen volumes: Christian Doctrine, geography, map drawing, gram¬ 
 mar, language, reading, history, Bible History, mathematics, algebra, 
 physical geography, astronomy, Latin and rhetoric. St. Paul’s School, 
 Lexington :—One volume class work: Christian Doctrine, mensuration, 
 arithmetic, etymology, grammar, physiology, algebra, political science, 
 synonyms, spelling arid United States history. St. Peter Claver’s 
 (Colored) School: —Two volumes : Map drawing, arithmetic, grammar, 
 catechism, spelling and letters. St. Mary’s School, Paris:—Two vol¬ 
 umes: Catechism, spelling, dictation, arithmetic, geography and map 
 drawing. Immaculate Conception School, Newport:—Four volumes, 
 Christian Doctrine, Church History, catechism, definitions, spelling and 
 arithmetic. 
 
 Sisters of Notre Dame (Mother House in Cleveland). 
 
 Notre Dame Academy, Covington:—Two volumes: Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, Bible History, arithmetic, spelling, dictation, definitions, language, 
 compositions, penmanship, theory of vocal music, geography, hints on 
 letter writing, United States history, Roman history, literature, astron¬ 
 omy, rhetoric, botany and physics. St. Augustine’s School: —Three 
 volumes: German, arithmetic, letter writing, map drawing, music, 
 composition, geography and history. St. John’s Scliool: - Two volumes: 
 Letter writing, compositions, dictations, German exercises and map draw¬ 
 ing. Mother of God School:—Three volumes : Arithmetic, Christian 
 Doctrine, spelling, German exercises, music, penmanship and map 
 
 drawing. Sacred Heart School, Bellevue:—One volume: Arithmetic, 
 German exercises, compositions, spelling, penmanship and grammar. St. 
 Mary’s School, Alexandria:—One volume: Arithmetic, German exer¬ 
 cises, compositions, penmanship and spelling. St. Joseph’s School, 
 Cold Springs: —One volume: German exercises, catechism, penman¬ 
 ship and compositions. St. John’s School, Carrollton:—One volume: 
 Bjble History, catechism, arithmetic, geography, United States history 
 ajid compositions. St. Joseph’s Orphanage, Cold Springs:—One vol¬ 
 uble: Christian Doctrine, composition, Bible History, arithmetic, gram¬ 
 mar, spelling, dictation and German exercises. St. Stephen’s School, 
 Newport:—Three volumes: Penmanship, letter writing, compositions, 
 dictations, German exercises, map drawing, phonography and arithmetic. 
 
 The Visitation Nuns. 
 
 Visitation Academy, Maysville:—Four volumes: History, gram¬ 
 mar, analysis, map drawing and physiology. 
 
 Sisters of Providence of Kentucky. 
 
 St. Martin’s Academy, Newport:—One volume : Grammar, compo¬ 
 sitions, history, arithmetic. One volume: Specimens of fancy needle¬ 
 work. 
 
 Sisters of St. Francis ( Rochester, Minn.). 
 
 Holy Family School, Ashland:—Two volumes: Geography, pen¬ 
 manship, spelling, language, arithmetic, Bible History, grammar, com¬ 
 positions, physiology, map and linear drawing. 
 
 The Ursuline Nuns. 
 
 St. Francis’ School, Dayton:—One volume: Arithmetic, German 
 exercises, Christian Doctrine and compositions. Corpus Christi School, 
 Newport:—Three volumes: Drawing, history, arithmetic, German and 
 grammar. 
 
 Brothers of Mary. 
 
 St. Joseph’s School, Covington: — Male Department: Twelve volumes: 
 Arithmetic, grammar, geography, book-keeping, map drawing, analysis 
 composition and drawing. One large relief map of United States. 
 
 THE DIOCESE OF DETROIT. 
 
 Polish Felician Sisters- 
 
 St. Mary’s Institute, Detroit:—Six volumes : Penmanship, drawing, 
 book-keeping, grammar, geography, Christian Doctrine, compositions, 
 history, science, United States history, Polish history, Bible History, 
 Polish language, twenty pieces of fancy lace, needle-work and em¬ 
 broidery, one large embroidered (gold) picture (Madonna, with seal of 
 Detroit and Poland affixed, also in needle-work). 
 
 Christian Brothers. 
 
 St Joseph’s Commercial School, Detroit:—One large volume linear 
 drawing, two volumes freehand drawing, one volume business practice, 
 sixty-five volumes book-keeping, two volumes arithmetic, seven volumes 
 grammar, two volumes civics, eight volumes spelling, geography, corre¬ 
 spondence, Christian Doctrine, compositions and commercial law, five 
 cases “ Aids to Object Lessons,” fifteen specimens marble, ten framed 
 drawings and one large crayon. 
 
 Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary. 
 
 St. Mary’s Academy, Monroe:—Twelve volumes: Christian Doctrine, 
 essays, poems, mathematics, history, grammar, geography, language, 
 mental science, stenography, typewriting, two herbariums; one volume 
 “History of St. Mary’s Academy,” one volume specimens of needle¬ 
 work, four photographs and one folio of one hundred and fifty art studies. 
 
 Sisters of Providence. 
 
 Sacred Heart Academy, Port Huron:—One volume: Examination 
 papers, Christian Doctrine, Bible History, arithmetic, geography, alge¬ 
 bra, ancient and modern history, United States history, literature, rhe¬ 
 toric, astronomy, physics, geology, logic and table etiquette. St. John’s 
 School, Ypsilanti:—Two volumes: Catechism, arithmetic, penmanship, 
 Bible and United States history, rhetoric, phonography, typewriting, 
 Church History and algebra. 
 
 THE DIOCESE OF FORT WAYNE. 
 
 Fathers of the Holy Cross. 
 
 University of Notre Dame du Lac, Notre Dame, Ind. :—Full-length 
 life-size portrait in oil of Very Rev. E. Sorin, C. S. C., founder of the uni¬ 
 versity. Ten portraits in oil work by Professor Gregori and his pupils 
 
 —... &&&& &*£ 
 
of the art school, Notre Dame. Topographical survey of the university, 
 precincts, scale, 1:792, drawn by class of 1893. Samples of work done in 
 iron by students first year’s course practical mechanics. Sample work done 
 in wood by students of the Institute of Technology, Notre Dame. Cray¬ 
 ons from life and casts by students of Professor Ackerman’s class. Blue 
 prints and examples of linear drawing from Institute of Technology. 
 Photographs made by class of photo-micrography. Twenty-six bound 
 volumes of the Notre Dame Scholastic, illustrating work of the students 
 in classes of English composition, rhetoric, English literature and Belles 
 Lettres. Specimens of books printed and published at Notre Dame. 
 Bound volumes of the Ave Maria, printed and published at Notre Dame. 
 Paintings and lithographs illustrating the growth of Notre Dame. A 
 few photographs and souvenirs of persons connected with the University 
 of Notre Dame du Lac. One hundred and twenty photographs of the 
 department of Experimental Bacteriology ; Photo-Micrography ; Electri¬ 
 cal Engineering ; Art Schools; Libraries; Physical Cabinets ; Lecture 
 Rooms and Laboratory; Department of Natural History ; Law School ; 
 College of Music; Gymnasium; Institute of Technology; School of 
 Manual Labor; Normal School; Theological Seminary of the Holy 
 Cross ; Literary, Athletic and Aquatic Associations ; Chemical Depart¬ 
 ment ; Observatory and the various colleges, halls and dormitories of the 
 university made by the members of Father Alexander Keroch’s photo¬ 
 graph class. Twelve photographs of Gregori’s famous mural frescoes in 
 the Columbian Gallery, Notre Dame. 
 
 Brothers of the Holy Cross. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Cathedral School, Fort Wayne Two volumes : Read¬ 
 ing, physiology, civil government, Christian Doctrine, orthography, 
 arithmetic, grammar, United States history, Bible History, geography, 
 drawing, literature, physics, modern history, astronomy, algebra, Church 
 History, logic, chemistry, business forms, phonography and typewriting. 
 Two volumes : Standard time, rhetoric, ancient history, natural phil¬ 
 osophy, astronomy, three volumes theory of music. St. Mary’s School, 
 Fort Wayne :—Christian Doctrine, United States history, compositions, 
 English and German translations, penmanship, map drawing, geog¬ 
 raphy, grammar, orthography, freehand drawing and Bible History. St. 
 Mary’s School, LaFayette :—Arithmetic, orthography and geography. 
 
 Sisters of the Holy Cross. 
 
 St. Vincent’s School, Academy:—Christian Doctrine, letter writing, 
 French translations, arithmetic, orthography, United States history and 
 book-keeping. St. Mary’s School, Anderson:—Arithmetic, geography, 
 grammar, United States history, algebra and physiology. St. Hedwige’s 
 School, South Bend :—Geography, Bible History, grammar, arithmetic, 
 language, Polish translations, object lessons, orthography, United States 
 and Polish history and book-keeping. St. Joseph’s School: —Christian 
 Doctrine, grammar, letter writing, orthography, geography and arithme¬ 
 tic. St. Mary’s School:—Christian Doctrine, United States history, 
 geography, orthography, letter writing, arithmetic and grammar. St. 
 Bernard’s School, Crawfordsville:—History, arithmetic, chemistry, bot¬ 
 any, rhetoric, geometry, literature, algebra, grammar and geography. St. 
 Vincent’s School, Elkhart:—Penmanship, grammar, orthography and 
 compositions. St. John’s School, Goshen :—Geography, arithmetic, 
 grammar, orthography, algebra, book-keeping and compositions. St. 
 Rose’s School, Laporte :- Christian Doctrine, compositions, algebra, geog¬ 
 raphy, history, grammar and arithmetic. School of St. Vincent de Paul, 
 Logansport: —Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geograph}', history, gram¬ 
 mar, algebra and rhetoric. St. Bridget’s School, Logansport:—Specimen 
 work, catechism, arithmetic, grammar and geography. St. Michael’s 
 School, Plymouth:—Christian Doctrine, United States history, letter 
 writing, arithmetic and penmanship. St. Mary’s School, Michigan City : 
 —History, geography, language, orthography, Christian Doctrine, arith¬ 
 metic, grammar, German translations, Bible History, algebra, physiology, 
 rhetoric and literature. St. Stanislaus’ School : — Orthography, letter 
 writing, penmanship and translations. St. Joseph’s School, Mishawaka : 
 —Christian Doctrine, gram mar, geography, composition, arithmetic, Bible 
 History, United States history. St. Mary’s School, Union City : - Church 
 History, grammar, penmanship, orthography, arithmetic, geography, 
 compositions, rhetoric, book-keeping and United States history. 
 
 Sisters of St. Francis (Joliet, III.). 
 
 St. Mary’s School, Ege: -United States history, geography, gram¬ 
 mar and natural philosophy. St. John’s School, Hesse Cassel:— 
 United States history, geography and lessons In reading. St. Anthony’s 
 
 School, Klaasville: -Letter writing, spelling, geography and arith- 
 metic. 
 
 Sisters of St. Francis ( Lafayette, Ind.)- 
 
 School of St. John the Evangelist, Fowler:-Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic, penmanship, grammar and compositions. St. Joseph s 
 School, Kentland:— Geography, arithmetic and Christian Doctrine. 
 St. Patrick’s School, Lagro:— Grammar, United States history and 
 geograph v. School of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Otis: Letter writing, 
 Bible History, geography, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, translations, 
 Polish and United States history. 
 
 The Sisters of Providence. 
 
 St. Augustine’s Academy, Fort Wayne :—Two volumes examination 
 papers; Christian Doctrine, Church History, standard time, algebra, 
 rhetoric, ancient and modem history, natural philosophy, astronomy, 
 literature, penmanship, arithmetic, orthography, geography, three vol¬ 
 umes theory of music and literature. St. Joseph’s Cathedral School, 
 Fort Wayne: - Female Department: Reading, physiology, civil govern¬ 
 ment, Christian Doctrine, orthography, arithmetic, United States history, 
 Bible History, grammar, geography, drawing, literature, physics, 
 modern history, astronomy, algebra, Church History, logic, chemistry, 
 business forms, phonography and typewriting. St. Joseph’s School, 
 Delphi:—Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, penmanship, language 
 lessons, arithmetic, orthography, geography, grammar, Bible History, 
 letters, book-keeping, algebra, rhetoric, physical geography, literature 
 and physics. St. Patrick’s School, Fort Wayne:—Two volumes examina¬ 
 tion papers: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, Bible History, geography: 
 United States history, grammar, orthography, penmanship, music, 
 compositions, language lessons, Church History and general history. 
 St. Joseph’s School, Hammond :—One volume examination papers, 
 Christian Doctrine, grammar, arithmetic, orthography, letters, history, 
 book-keeping, language, Bible History, geography and catechism. St. 
 Ann’s School, Lafayette:—One volume examination papers: Christian 
 Doctrine, Sacred History, arithmetic, grammar, penmanship, orthogra¬ 
 phy, United States history, physiology and music. St. Ignatius’ School, 
 Lafayette:—Christian Doctrine, orthography, music, penmanship, 
 geography, arithmetic, botany and natural philosophy. School of St. 
 Charles Borromeo, Peru:—Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithme¬ 
 tic, penmanship, letter writing, geography, United States history, gram¬ 
 mar, book-keeping, natural philosophy, phonography, Bible History, 
 Church History, algebra, civil government, literature. St. Paul’s School, 
 Valparaiso: —One volume examination papers: Christian Doctrine, 
 geography, arithmetic, language, Bible History, grammar, literature, 
 geometry, physics, Church History, penmanship, United States history, 
 rhetoric, music and algebra. 
 
 School Sisters of JVotre Dame. 
 
 St, Mary’s School, Ft. Wayne :— Two volumes: Penmanship, lan¬ 
 guage, arithmetic, German, Bible History, Christian Doctrine, United 
 States history, language lessons, grammar, geography, one volume 
 drawing one volume class work, compositions and maps. St. Peter’s 
 School:—Two volumes : Christian Doctrine, letter writing, penmanship, 
 language lessons, orthography, geography, United States history, Bible 
 History, and two volumes drawing. SS. Peter and Paul’s School, 
 Huntington: -Christian Doctrine, history, penmanship, geography, 
 arithmetic, language and letter writing, Bible History, spelling, cate¬ 
 chism, one volume drawing. St. Joseph’s School, Logansport:—One 
 volume: Christian Doctrine, orthography, letters, language lessons, 
 arithmetic, German translations, geography, penmanship and one vol¬ 
 ume freehand drawing. 
 
 Sisters of St. Agnes {Fond dio Lac, Wis.). 
 
 St. Joseph’s School, Columbia City:—Christian Doctrine, grammar, 
 United States history, Church History, freehand drawing, arithmetic, 
 geography, compositions. St. Mary’s School, Crown Point:—Bible 
 History, arithmetic, grammar, United States history and geography. 
 St. Joseph’s School, Decatur:—Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geog¬ 
 raphy, United States history, gi'ammar, algebra and physiology. St. 
 Lawrence’s School, Muncie: —Orthography, arithmetic, language les¬ 
 sons, geography and algebra. St. John the Baptist School, New 
 Haven: - Christian Doctrine, grammar, arithmetic, history, letter writ¬ 
 ing, business forms, book-keeping, geography and map drawing. St. 
 Aloysius’ School, Sheldon: -Letter writing, grammar, geography, 
 Church History and arithmetic. 
 
The Sistei's of the Precious Blood i Maria Stein, O .). 
 
 St. Joseph’s School, Garrett:—Christian Doctrine, penmanship, 
 language lessons, compositions, arithmetic, United States history, gram¬ 
 mar, physiology. Holy Trinity School, New Corydon :— Penmanship, 
 arithmetic and United States history. St. Peter’s School, Winamac : — 
 History, grammar, physiology, penmanship, arithmetic, United States 
 history and orthography. 
 
 Fathers of the Precious Blood. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Normal Indian School, Renssalaer: —Orthography, Bible 
 and United States history, grammar, geography and Church History. 
 
 Sisters, the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ. 
 
 St. Vincent’s Orphanage, Fort Wayne:—Compositions, grammar, 
 arithmetic, United States history and Bible History. St. Paul’s 
 School: —Christian Doctrine, geography, arithmetic, orthography, com¬ 
 positions, United States history and grammar. St. Patrick’s School, 
 Kokomo :—Specimens of letter writing. 
 
 Secular Teachers. 
 
 St, Augustine’s School, A villa:—Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, com¬ 
 positions, geography and grammar. St. Patrick’s School, Chesterton : 
 Bible History, United States history, arithmetic, grammar and geog¬ 
 raphy. St. Anthony’s School, Earl Park:—Geography, history and 
 physiology. St. Joseph’s School, Elwood:—United States history and 
 compositions. School of St. Rose of Lima, Monroeville:—Christian 
 Doctrine, United States history and Bible History. St. John’s School, 
 St. John:—Grammar, United States history, arithmetic, geography and 
 orthography. St. John’s School, Tipton:—Arithmetic, physiology, pen¬ 
 manship and freehand drawing. 
 
 THE DIOCESE OF VINCENNES. 
 
 Benedictine Fathers. 
 
 Jasper College, Jasper :—One volume: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, 
 geography, algebra, ancient and modern history, geometry, trigonometry, 
 natural philosophy, physiology, German translations, compositions, pen¬ 
 manship, Latin class work, phonography, commercial law and book-keep¬ 
 ing. St. Meinrad’s College, St. Meinrad : —One volume : Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, Bible History, Latin, English compositions and essays, German 
 exercises, ancient history, algebra, arithmetic, geometry, logic, English. 
 German and Latin translations, moral theology, papers on the Decalogue 
 and Holy Scripture (English and Latin). 
 
 Benedictine Sisters. 
 
 Academy of the Immaculate Conception, Ferdinand, Ind.:—One 
 richly embroidered vestment. 
 
 Sisters of St. Francis. 
 
 Academy of the Immaculate Conception, Oldenburg : —Sixteen vol¬ 
 umes : Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, orthography, grammar, geog¬ 
 raphy, United States history, composition, physiology, natural history, 
 penmanship, literature, botany, rhetoric, school journal, biography, alge¬ 
 bra, mythology, chemistry, civil government, German essays, Bible His¬ 
 tory, business forms, typewriting, music, drawing, oil paintings, portrait 
 of Father J. Randolph, landscapes, Church vestments (in gold cloth), 
 embroidery, pastel painting, freehand drawing, set of text-books, book of 
 specimens of fancy work, two painted panels, one infant’s outfit, one 
 glove box and one case of fancy work. St. Mary’s School, Aurora : One 
 volume class work, one volume of drawing. St. Michael’s School, 
 Brookville: - One volume class work, one volume drawing. St. John’s 
 School, Dover:—One volume class work. St. Andrew’s School, Ham¬ 
 burg:—One volume class work. St. Bridget’s School, Indianapolis : - 
 One volume class work. St. Mary’s School: -One volume class work. St. 
 Mary’s School, Evansville: —One volume class work. St. Lawrence’s 
 School, Lawrenceburg:— One volume class work. St. Anthony’s School, 
 Morris : — One volume class work and one volume drawing. St. Mary’s 
 School, New Albany:—One volume class work. St. Paul’s School, 
 New Alsace :—One volume class work and one volume drawing. St. 
 Mary’s School, Oldenburg -.—One volume : Christian Doctrine, arithme¬ 
 tic, geography, United States history, book-keeping, grammar, English 
 and German penmanship, orthography and freehand drawing. St. 
 Peter’s School St. Peter: —One volume class work and one volume 
 drawing. St. Wendel's School, St. Wendel:—One volume class work. 
 St. Joseph’s School, Shelbvville :—One book crochet work. St. Martin’s 
 School, Yorkville : —One volume class work and one volume drawing. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, Milhausen: —One volume class work. St. Mary’s 
 School, Rushville:—One volume class work and one volume drawing. 
 
 The Sisters of Providence. 
 
 St. Mary’s Institute, St. Mary’s of the Woods, Vigo Co.: —Seventeen 
 volumes: Arithmetic, geometry, rhetoric, stenography, typewriting, 
 botany, zoology, United States history, geography, physics, drawing, 
 grammar, modern history, logic, metaphysics, ethics, catechism, Church 
 History, essays; two charts extension astronomy and geology, six copies 
 school journals, four volumes music, eleven oi-1 paintings, five pastel 
 paintings, three china painted vases, three crayons, specimens of penman¬ 
 ship, one chasuble, one stole, one burse, one handkerchief, one toilet set, 
 two flannel skirts, pillow shams; one pin cushion, silk embroidery, one 
 benediction veil, worked in gold bullion; seven water colors; one set 
 hand-painted china, one painted tile table top ; two framed charts (etch¬ 
 ing and penmanship), illustrating British literature and attributes of the 
 Church ; centerpiece dresser scarf, two embroidered cushions, samples 
 plain sewing, Victoria box (needle-work),two crayon portraits; three 
 needle-work panels, framed ; two pearl paintings; one painted banner, 
 “Wasp’s Nest”; one specimen oriental painting with brushes, by 
 which same was executed in 1840; two specimens water-color paint¬ 
 ings, done in 1848-9; one painted mirror (study of Cactus family); 
 one painted silk banner; one framed chart, “Last Sunrise of the 
 Old College, June 30, 1884”; one painted silk cushion ; one bound 
 volume, “The Signal”; one album of photographic views of institute, 
 two copies “Souvenir of the Golden Jubilee of St. Mary’s Insti¬ 
 tute,” three copies “An Apostolic Woman,” “Life and Letters of 
 St. Francis Xavier,” four copies original sheet music, one set forty 
 views of institute. Map of the battlefield of Gettysburg. Three vol¬ 
 umes : Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, Church History, 
 algebra, United States history, geology, grammar, civil government, 
 literature, physics, music, penmanship, map drawing and music lit¬ 
 erature. St. Gabriel’s Industrial School, Connersville:—One volume: 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, orthography, physical geo¬ 
 graphy, grammar, compositions, United States history and music. 
 Holy Trinity School, Evansville:—One volume examination papers: 
 Spelling, language, catechism, United States history, geography, Bible 
 History, book-keeping, grammar, music, German translations and pho¬ 
 nography. Sacred Heart School, Frenchtown:—One volume: Lan¬ 
 guage, arithmetic, United States history, book-keeping, grammar, 
 Christian Doctrine and spelling. St. Paul’s School, Greencastle: — 
 Two volumes: Arithmetic, grammar, spelling, penmanship, cate¬ 
 chism and history. St. John’s Academy, Indianapolis:—Eleven volumes 
 miscellaneous class work: Logic, metaphysics, ethics, book-keep¬ 
 ing, stenography, typewriting, literature, music, Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic, geography, language, specimens of penmanship, drawing, 
 one “ Ancestral Souvenir, ” still-life study in oil. China over three hun¬ 
 dred years old. St. Joseph’s School:—Two volumes examination 
 papers: Literature, history, Christian Doctrine, geography, algebra, 
 arithmetic, grammar, Bible History, spelling, physiology, sacred his¬ 
 tory, business letters, compositions, map drawing and physical geog¬ 
 raphy. St. Patrick’s School: —Christian Doctrine, United States history, 
 geography, grammar, phonography, Bihle History, spelling, pen¬ 
 manship and drawing. St. Augustine’s School, Jeffersonville:—Two 
 volumes: Christian Doctrine, music, algebra, geography, Bible His¬ 
 tory, language, spelling and drawing. St. John’s School, Loogootee:— 
 One volume: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, language, spelling, United 
 States history, algebra, literature and rhetoric. St. Michael’s School, 
 Madison:—One album elementary drawing. Holy Trinity School, New 
 Albany :—One volume: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, history, music, 
 rhetoric, literature, United States history, composition, physics, civil 
 government and algebra. St. Mary’s School, Richmond:—Two vol¬ 
 umes: Christian Doctrine, history, orthography, arithmetic, grammar, 
 geography, United States history, algebra and compositions. St. Am¬ 
 brose’s School, Seymour: —One volume : Christian Doctrine, Bible His¬ 
 tory, arithmetic, grammar, orthography, geography, United States history, 
 compositions. St. John’s School, St. Mary’s of the Woods, Ind.: —Four 
 volumes: Grammar, geography, Christian Doctrine, United States history, 
 drawing and physiology. St. Benedict’s School, Terre Haute: - One vol¬ 
 ume examination papers: Arithmetic, German, spelling, letter writing, 
 drawing, United States history, map drawing and specimens of embroid¬ 
 ery. St. Joseph’s School: —Two volumes: Spelling, arithmetic, geog¬ 
 raphy, Christian Doctrine, grammar, language, letter writing, vocal 
 
 89 
 
music, drawing and geography. St. Patrick’s School:-One volume 
 class work and penmanship. St. John’s School, VincennesOne vol¬ 
 ume examination papers: Christian Doctrine, Bible History, spelling, 
 grammar, arithmetic, United States history and penmanship. St. Jos¬ 
 eph’s SchoolTwo volumes : Arithmetic, language, composition, his¬ 
 tory, physics, geography, Christian Doctrine, music and. literature. St. 
 Rose’s Academy :—Map of the battlefield of Gettysburg. Three volumes: 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, Church History, algebra, 
 United States history, geology, grammar, civil government, literature, 
 physics, music, penmanship, map drawing, music and literature. St. 
 Simon’s Academy, Washington:—Three volumes : Christian Doctrine, 
 Bible History, Church History, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, geography, 
 astronomy, physics, literature, grammar, rhetoric, botany, logic, one vol¬ 
 ume music, one volume drawing from the model. St. Mary’s School:— 
 One volume examination papers: Arithmetic, spelling,language,German 
 language, freehand drawing, grammar, letter writing and geography. 
 
 Sisters of St. Joseph. 
 
 Sacred Heart School, Indianapolis:—Three volumes : Grammar 
 arithmetic, German, botany and geography. 
 
 Brothers of Sacred Heart. 
 
 St. Patrick’s School, Indianapolis:—Five volumes: Business forms, 
 letter writing, arithmetic, geography, algebra, geometry, United States 
 history, penmanship, catalogue of school. St. John’s School:—One 
 volume book-keeping and business forms and one volume graded pen¬ 
 manship ; photographs. 
 
 TRt. IRev. Patrick /Ifoanogue, jfirst JBisbop of Sacramento. 
 
 In County Kilkenny, Ireland, in a town called Desert, was born 
 Patrick Manogue, the subject of this sketch. 
 
 While yet a boy, he came to America and was thrown amoni' New 
 England .bigots, whose erroneous ideas regarding Catholics inspired the 
 youth with such a warm desire to enlighten them, that he resolved to 
 study for the priesthood. The fortunes of life brought him “out west.” 
 as it was then called, and he entered the university of St. Mary’s of the 
 Lake, Chicago, where he pursued his classical and philosophical studies 
 after which he was sent to Paris, to finish his theological course, at the 
 celebrated seminary of St. Sulpice. There he was ordained priest by 
 Cardinal Marlot, in 1861 California was the scene of his early labors 
 and he was among the number of priests first sent to Nevada. In 
 Virginia, he built the beautiful church of St. Mary and established a 
 
 RIGHT RKV. PATRICK MANOGUE, D.D. 
 
 MOST REV. WILLIAM GROSS, D.D. 
 
 community of Sisters of Charity. For many years he continued his mis¬ 
 sionary labors in that locality, and for fifteen years he was vicar-general 
 of the Diocese of Grass Valley. In 188U he became coadjutor to Bishop 
 O’Connell, and on the resignation of the Rt. Rev. Bishop, succeeded 
 him. The diocese contains seventy-nine churches with forty priests to 
 serve them. The Catholic population is about thirty thousand and the 
 young people educated in Catholic institutions yearly number two 
 thousand three hundred. The schools are taught by Sisters of St. 
 Dominic, Notre Dame, Mercy, Charity and Holy Cross, also by Chris¬ 
 tian Brothers. The last named had a fine exhibit at the World’s 
 Fair; this display and those from the schools of the Sisters of Mercy 
 and of Notre Dame will be found in this publication. 
 
 flbost IRev. UGlilUam 1b. Cross, ©birb Hrcbbfsbop of ©regon. 
 
 The parents of Archbishop Gross were natives of Philadelphia, and 
 there he was also born in 1837, on the 12th of June. His father was 
 of Alsatian and his mother of Irish descent, but his forefathers on both 
 sides, had settled in this country, when Maryland, where they had 
 located their home, was still a British colony. 
 
 William was for many years a student in St. Charles’ College, 
 taking hispreparatorycour.se, and while there formed a desire to be¬ 
 come a religious. With this intention, he entered the novitiate of the 
 Redemptorist Order in Annapolis, on the feast of the Annunciation, 1857. 
 Having finished his novitiate and completed his theological course,he was 
 ordained a priest of the order, by Archbishop Kendrick, March 21st, 1863. 
 
 The young priest was immediately given three difficult duties to 
 fulfill, to attend the wounded soldiers in the hospitals in and around 
 Annapolis, to preach to the paroled prisoners in camp near the city, 
 and to endeavor to instil some kind of religious feelings into the hearts 
 of the negroes who were gathering in from the south! 
 
 The following year found him employed in assisting to give mis¬ 
 sions, for which labor his talents as a preacher fitted him admirably. 
 After five years on duty at St. Alphonsus Redemptorist church, in 
 New York City, he was appointed superior of the Redemptorist church 
 in Boston. In 1873 Father Gross was appointed to the Sec of Savannah, 
 Georgia, for which he was consecrated on April 27tli. 
 
 From the first, Bishop Gross took a warm interest in the colored 
 people and feeling that the only sure way of reaching them was through 
 the school, he introduced religious touchers into his diocese, but the 
 Benedictine and Franciscan Sisters, who responded to his call for help, 
 have not met with much encouragement. 
 
 On the resignation of Archbishop Seghers, Bishop Gross was created 
 Archbishop of Oregon. His diocese now contains sixty-one churches, 
 attended by fifty-three priests, and has a Catholic population of thirty- 
 three thousand, with six thousand and three hundred children under 
 Catholic tuition. 
 
 90 
 
^rcljcliocese of gt. L.°m 8 > M a 
 
 Peter Richard Kenrick was born in Dublin, Ireland, Aug. 17, 180(». and was 
 educated in his native country, where, after finishing his theological course, he 
 was ordained priest about 1830. He followed his brother, Rev. Francis Patrick 
 Kenrick, afterwards Archbishop of Philadelphia, to America in 1833, and was 
 appointed assistant pastor at the cathedral in Philadelphia. Not long after be¬ 
 coming acquainted with the city, and having acquired some knowledge of the 
 affairs of the Church in the United States, he took charge of the Catholic 
 Herald, and in 1835 became pastor of the cathedral parish, a very creditable 
 position for one only two years in the country. His next step upward was to the 
 office of President of the Diocesan Seminary, where he also filled the chair of 
 dogmatic theology until appointed Vicar-General of the Diocese and accredited 
 by Bishop Brute, as his theologian to the Third Provincial Council of Baltimore 
 in 1837. 
 
 Bishop Rosati of St. Louis having requested the appointment of a co-adjutor 
 to aid him in the duties of his large Diocese. Father Peter Richard Kenrick was 
 chosen for the honorable and onerous place, and was consecrated Bishop of Drasa 
 in partilms infidelium, in Philadelphia on Nov. 30.1841. In 1843 he succeeded 
 Bishop Rosati. as Bishop of St. Louis, thus entering upon the troublesome ad¬ 
 ministration of a Diocese in financial difficulties, yet cumbered with a large 
 quantity of unimproved real estate. As the result of Bishop Kenrick's careful 
 
 MOST REV. PETER RICHARD KENRICK, D.D. 
 
 management, the Diocese was speedily freed entirely from debt, and enriched 
 with many new churches. In the meantime, he was delivering dogmatic lectures 
 in St. Louis, founding a magazine “The Catholic Cabinet,” and establishing 
 various schools. 
 
 When Pius IX. raised the Diocese to the Archiepiscopal dignity, in 1847, Dr. 
 Kenrick became its first Archbishop. With large bequests that were left him in 
 1858, he was enabled to carry out, with success, several benevolent plans that he 
 had formed, but scarcely hoped to see fulfilled ; these bequests resulted in the 
 endowment of several charitable institutions. 
 
 During the Civil War, the tender-hearted prelate devoted himself to the relief 
 of suffering and to the care of the sick and wounded of both sides. After the 
 war. a constitution was adopted by the State of Missouri requiring all teachers 
 and clergymen to take a most solemn oath of fidelity to the State. The Arch¬ 
 bishop, with customary courage and foresight, forbade his priests to take the 
 oath. It was soon after declared unconstitutional and the law was repealed. 
 
 In the Vatican Council. Archbishop Kenrick strenuously opposed the defini¬ 
 tion of “the Infallibility of the Pope" as inopportune, but, when it was really 
 defined, his submission was prompt and hearty. Numerous religious orders were 
 introduced into the Diocese by the zealous prelate whose fidelity to Catholic 
 education needs no other proof than the evidence given by the beautiful and 
 very thorough school-work displayed at the World's Fair by St. Louis institu¬ 
 tions. 
 
 The venerable churchman is quietly awaiting, in the bosom of his Diocese 
 and in the hearts of his priests, the last summons, the solemn call which shall 
 usher him into the eternal realm of his endless rewards. 
 
 In proud Virginia, — the State of first families and of American aristocracy, 
 was born, on May 31,1841, in Martinsburg, Berkeley County, a boy destined for 
 the greatest of families and the noblest of aristocracies, the Hierarchy of the 
 Catholic church. Staunch indeed have the men and women of Virginia ever 
 been. Strong in character and in purpose, we find their names on many a roll of 
 honor, and we are not surprised that from among them the Church should have 
 gained so noble a representative as Most Rev. J. J. Kain. As a student, he dis¬ 
 tinguished himself in St. Charles’ Seminary. Baltimore, and graduated from 
 there, receiving ordination at the venerable hands of the beloved Archbishop 
 Spalding, on July 2d, 1866. 
 
 Having passed the dread years of the Civil War in the sacred seclusion of his 
 seminary, studying there the most peaceful of sciences, while all the horrors of a 
 bloody conflict reigned elsewhere, it was his lot to repair some of the results of that 
 conflict, when, as a newly ordained priest, he took up his abode and began the 
 fulfillment of his sacred duties at Harper's Ferry, Va. Here, and in his birth¬ 
 place (Martinsburg), he restored the churches that had been all but destroyed 
 by missiles from the battle-fields. The churches at Winchester and at Berkeley 
 Springs had been laid in ruins, and Father Kain rebuilt them. Nor were his 
 labors in these former plages all that depended upon him ; he had charge of all 
 the Catholics scattered throughout eight counties in West Virginia, and four in 
 Virginia proper. There was nothing small about such a parish as that, unless it 
 were means and comforts, and weary indeed must the young priest have often 
 been, when sick calls demanded his presence at a bedside that could be reached 
 only by riding on horse-back eighteen, twenty or thirty miles. 
 
 However, for nine years, he fulfilled these arduous duties with a fidelity that 
 was marked by his superiors and resulted in his appointment to the Episcopacy. 
 On May 23,1875, he was consecrated Bishop of Wheeling by Archbishop Bayley, 
 the revered successor to Archbishop Spalding who had ordained Father Kain, as 
 stated above. 
 
 The venerable Archbishop of St. Louis, weighed down by age and cares, had 
 petitioned the Holy See for a co-adjutor. on whose more youthful strength he 
 might rely. In 1893, Bishop Kain was appointed to this important position, and 
 in June. 1895. was created Archbishop of the Diocese. Under his wise govern¬ 
 ment. the church in St. Louis will, without doubt, make rapid advancement in 
 piety and science. 
 
 y | ' HE region now called the State of Missouri was first visited liy 
 (a | French traders and miners, and, in time, a French post was 
 established on the Missouri River, for though a chief’s daughter had 
 become a Catholic, had married a subaltern, and had gone to France, 
 the relations between the white and the red men were not friendly, and 
 subsequently the French were entirely cut off by the Indians. Not long 
 before the end of French rule, however, some French settlers from 
 Illinois crossed the great river and founded, in 1750, the still existing 
 and almost unchanged town of St. Genevieve. Twelve years later, St. 
 Charles was settled, an^ on the loth of February, in 1764, one Pierre 
 Liguest Laclede, inaugurated the civil existence of a small town destined 
 to become, within one century, one of the largest and one of the most 
 Catholic cities in our glorious Union. 
 
 There is no need to state what was the religious belief of these early 
 settlers of Missouri; the names of rivers and settlements tell the story of 
 a faith that had its place in every-day life, and was not reserved for 
 Sunday’s use only. The ground on which the Cathedral of St. Louis 
 now stands was assigned to church purposes by Laclede, who owned it, 
 and there, in 1770, was erected, by Father Gibault, a small log church. 
 
 The Capuchins were, at this period, almost the only priests in that 
 province, and one of them served the little church at St. Louis, from 
 1772 to 1775. The first permanent parish priest was a Capuchin sent 
 to build a church at St. Genevieve. 
 
 As late as 1818, when there were, in upper Louisiana, about eight 
 thousand Catholics, there were only four priests. 
 
 Bishop Dubourg, expelled from New Orleans, fixed his residence at 
 St. Louis. He induced several priests to come from Europe to de¬ 
 vote themselves to the American missions. He also founded a seminary 
 at Barrens, from which there went forth earnest, zealous priests to all 
 parts of the new land. St. Louis gained much by the loss sustained by 
 New Orleans, for Bishop Dubourg’s zeal continued active, and its sug¬ 
 gestions were broad and generous. A college was soon erected in con¬ 
 nection with the seminary; both institutions still flourish at Cape 
 Girardeau. 
 
The Jesuits founded a novitiate at Florissant, erected a church at St. 
 Charles and a university at St. Louis. Sometime later, the Ladies of 
 the Sacred Heart, the Ursuline Nuns and the Sisters of Loretto were 
 established in the diocese. 
 
 When Bishop Dubourg returned to New Orleans, Father Rosati, who 
 had come from France several years previous to devote himself to the 
 American missions, was appointed co-adjutor and was consecrated Bishop 
 of Tenagre, in partibus, etc., in March, 1824. He then took up his 
 abode in the city of St. Louis which was not an episcopal See, however, 
 until March 24, 1827, when the prelate of Tenagre became its first 
 Bishop. His diocese was of wide extent, giving him episcopal jurisdic¬ 
 tion over Missouri, Arkansas, Western Illinois and the Western Terri¬ 
 tory, as it was called, which reached to the Pacific. 
 
 The Ladies of the Sacred Heart were enabled, by the liberal dona¬ 
 tions of a generous layman, to open an academy. The same benevolent 
 individual gave to the Sisters of Charity a house and the grounds sur¬ 
 rounding it, for hospital purposes. The Sisters of St. Joseph were 
 then introduced into the diocese by Bishop Rosati. This zealous self- 
 sacrificing prelate was indefatigable in his sacred labors and had the 
 satisfaction of seeing his sixty thousand dollar cathedral finished and 
 dedicated. The dedication services, which were rendered as impressive 
 as possible, took place on Oct. 28, 1834. 
 
 The next important everjtJm this history was the separation, in 
 1837, of the Territory of Iowa from the vast tract of country called 
 Missouri, and the erection of the See of Dubuque, making the Diocese 
 of St. Louis less difficult to serve and to govern. 
 
 At this time, the Church was suffering in Hayti, one of the West 
 Indies, from want of proper discipline. Bishop Rosati was chosen to go 
 thither and put matters in good condition for the comfort of the clergy 
 and the edification of the people. Anticipating a prolonged absence 
 from his diocese, the earnest prelate solicited the appointment of a co¬ 
 adjutor who would, in the meantime, attend to the affairs of the Diocese 
 of St. Louis. His request resulted in the selection of one who became 
 most illustrious among the great churchmen of America, Right Rev. 
 (later Most Rev.) Peter R. Kenrick. 
 
 Bishop Rosati did not return to St. Louis. After a successful mis¬ 
 sion at Hayti, he went to Europe, revisiting Rome and Paris; when 
 about to depart from the latter city, to return to America, he felt that 
 his last illness had stricken him, so he hastened back to Rome, where 
 he died, on September 25, 1843. During his administration the Diocese 
 of St. Louis had steadily advanced; at the time of his death, there 
 were sixty-five churches and seventy-three priests, the Catholic popula¬ 
 tion being one hundred thousand. 
 
 Just after Bishop Kenrick took charge of the diocese, its extent was 
 greatly diminished by the erection of the Sees of Chicago and Little 
 Rock. Thus the Diocese of St. Louis was confined to the State of Mis¬ 
 souri and the Territories west of it; this meant a great increase in 
 Catholic population, and no decrease in the labor and responsibility of 
 the Bishop. It was said of Bishop Kenrick that he anticipated settle¬ 
 ments, by having churches erected in localities where no houses existed, 
 and then waiting, with assured confidence, for the town to be built 
 around the church. Nor was he ever disappointed; a church was a 
 lodestone, sure to attract the magnetic Catholic heart, so around his 
 churches towns grew rapidly and prospered well. Each year presented 
 a record of advancement in the number of priests, of churches, and of 
 institutions, both benevolent and educational. 
 
 Pope Pius IX., of sainted and beloved memory, by his apostolic 
 brief of July 20, 1847, raised the See of St. Louis to the rank and 
 dignity of an Archbishopric, and its zealous Bishop became Archbishop 
 Kenrick. 
 
 The meeting of provincial councils and the assembling of the clergy 
 in synods resulted in the just and edifying arrangement of many 
 matters of church discipline, so that the Archdiocese of St. Louis and 
 its suffragan Sees were truly an honor to Mother Church and their 
 regulations were as a beacon light to souls. 
 
 The Christian Brothers had begun their labors for the diocese in 
 1851, and had gradually built up many excellent institutions, thriving 
 colleges, academies, reformatories and parochial schools. 
 
 At the beginning of the Civil War, the diocese comprised seventy 
 churches and one hundred and twenty priests. The principal towns 
 had institutions for education and for works of mercy. Religion 
 suffered greatly in Missouri during those dreadful years of strife, and 
 
 bigotry did not spare either the ministry or the children of the Church. 
 Though another See, that of St. Joseph, had been cut from the 
 Diocese of St. Louis, yet the zealous Archbishop Kenrick found his 
 labors increasing so rapidly as to make apparent the need of a co¬ 
 adjutor. Having requested this assistance from the Holy See, he 
 received, as his co-laborer, a man after his own heart, the learned and 
 eloquent Rev. Patrick J. Ryan, now Archbishop of Philadelphia. 
 
 Various religious Orders were admitted to the Diocese to aid in the 
 many good works that contribute to the welfare of mankind; among 
 these were the Sisters of St. Mary, the Alexian Brothers and the Little 
 Sisters of the Poor. The Society of St. Vincent de Paul flourished, with 
 a membership of a thousand active, zealous laymen, distributing yearly 
 among the poor, almost twenty-five thousand dollars. 
 
 In 1884, Archbishop Ryan was transferred to Philadelphia, and 
 Archbishop Kenrick continued to administer the affairs of the Diocese 
 without assistance, until 1893, when Bishop Kain of Wheeling, W. Va., 
 was appointed his co-adjutor ,—cum jure successions. 
 
 The Archdiocese has now three hundred and twelve priests, two 
 hundred and thirty-one churches, six seminaries (for the education of 
 
 MOST REV. JOHN JOSEPH KAIN, D.D. 
 
 priests), three colleges, fourteen academies and one hundred and twenty- 
 eight parochial schools. Like Baltimore, already presented to our 
 readers, St. Louis was so well represented by the collective exhibits of 
 her prosperous religious communities, as to render a Diocesan exhibit 
 not only unnecessary but impossible. The communities representing 
 St Louis were the Christian Brothers, Sisters of St. Joseph, Sisters of 
 the Precious Blood, the Ursuline Sisters, the Sisters of St. Francis, the 
 School Sisters of Notre Dame and Sisters of Loretto. 
 
 A rich and varied collegiate display was contributed by the Chris¬ 
 tian Brothers of St. Louis. Their under-graduate department presented 
 class exercises and examination papers, bound in separate volumes, 
 one for each branch of study; the following subjects were treated of, viz .: 
 —Integral calculus, astronomical geometry, differential calculus, philoso¬ 
 phy of literature, political economy, and rhetoric, also essays, literary 
 criticisms, and notes on current topics. In addition to these volumes 
 there were four containing work from the classics and in intellectual 
 philosophy. 
 
 The mental discipline that resulted from so profound a study of 
 mathematics was visible in the papers, whatever the subject of which 
 they treated. “Criticism and the philosophy of literature had been most 
 
carefully taught and the students who wrote the papers on these sub¬ 
 jects, making in themselves an almost priceless volume, were evidently 
 well prepared to meet some of the most profound questions of this age of 
 books. Next to a knowledge of Christian Doctrine must now rank, in 
 utility, an acquaintance with the philosophy of literature, and an ability 
 to criticize literary productions in their two-fold relation as to culture 
 and to morals. 
 
 The essays mentioned in the list were such as one might expect from 
 students thus carefully taught and trained. The classics, we were grati¬ 
 fied to see, had not been banished from the course of study, but, as the 
 examination papers showed, had been read with pleasure and profit. 
 The Sophomore Class of this institution contributed two volumes of 
 
 designs from casts: its forty-five charcoal studies from objects; its five 
 excellent crayon drawings of various familiar objects; its one hundred 
 architectural and mechanical drawings, which were revelations of the 
 power of straight lines in the creation of beauty. To complete this 
 most pleasing exhibit from the drawing class, there were thirty-six 
 sketches in oil and in water colors, adding the charm of color to that of 
 form. Our illustration of alcove 96 shows the exhibits just described. 
 
 At Glencoe, Mo., the Christian Brothers have “A Preparatory Normal 
 School,” from which came the following highly appreciated exhibit: 
 The detailed plans of the Normal School property and buildings; “Life 
 and Voyage of Columbus,” beautifully written, both as to penmanship 
 and expression of sentiment, and illustrated with maps of the voyages, of 
 
 JifftSfc, 
 
 nr 
 
 | ^ 
 
 r§ 
 
 1 f 
 
 W 
 
 1 
 
 ! ' 1 
 
 1 ! ' 
 
 d j 
 
 ARCHDIOCESE OF ST. LOUIS. ALCOVE NO. 96. 
 
 LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC AND ART WORK, CHRISTIAN BROTHERS COLLEGE, 
 
 LOUIS. 
 
 classics and of mathematics; the Sub-Freshman, one volume of classics; 
 the Freshman, one volume of each of the following:—Christian Doctrine, 
 algebra, geometry and trigonometry; rhetoric, compositions, studies in 
 English and English classics; the First Commercial, one volume of very 
 excellent phonography; Superior Commercial, nine volumes of book¬ 
 keeping, beautifully written and showing the perfection of orderly work, 
 also two volumes each of correspondence, arithmetic, mensuration and 
 balance sheets; in addition to these was an album containing specimens 
 of penmanship and samples of programs. The collection of photographs 
 o-ave views of the exterior and interior of the college. 
 
 The display presented by the drawing class was particularly attrac¬ 
 tive, with its forty-four bold, strong charcoal studies of the human head 
 and human, figure from casts; its sixty charcoal drawings of ornamental 
 
 the points from which his departure took place in the old world and of 
 the points where he arrived in the new world; “A Lecture on United 
 States History," accompanying a collection of very pleasing stereopti- 
 con views, views of noted localities, of battle-fields and of cities and 
 towns; an album of “French Exercises”; “Language Exercises,” show¬ 
 ing a co-ordination of reading and composition; three albums of papers 
 on arithmetic, grammar and specimens of penmanship. From the Pre¬ 
 paratory Normal Institute, a higher department than the above, came 
 an exhibit of five albums containing work in algebra and plane geome¬ 
 try; spherical and solid geometry; plane trigonometry; crayon and free¬ 
 hand drawing, also specimens of map drawing and of penmanship. 
 
 All that has been stated regarding the work from the college in St. 
 Louis, might be repeated here, with entire justice. The Christian 
 
 93 
 
Brothers’ parochial schools of this Diocese that contributed to the exhibit 
 were the Annunciation School, St. Bridget’s School, St. Lawrence’s, St. 
 Malaehy’s and St. Vincent’s, all located in the city of St. Louis. 
 
 The Annunciation School presented six volumes of papers on Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, spelling, history, mensuration, compositions and speci¬ 
 mens of penmanship; St. Bridget’s School, in St. Louis, had the written 
 work classified as Commercial, First, Second and Third Classes. The 
 Commercial Depa rtment 
 contributed nineteen vol¬ 
 umes, that is, two volumes 
 for each branch of the com¬ 
 mercial course, one volume 
 of maps and live volumes of 
 mensuration. The subjects 
 treated of in the other thir¬ 
 teen volumes were Cate¬ 
 chism , Bible History, 
 mathematics, book-keeping, 
 composition, language les¬ 
 sons, geography, history, 
 notes and telegrams, type¬ 
 writing, shorthand, penman¬ 
 ship and letter-writing. The 
 first class sent one volume 
 of penmanship and four vol¬ 
 umes of papers on catechism, 
 arithmetic, grammar and 
 letter-writing. The second 
 class sent two volumes each 
 of papers on catechism, 
 arithmetic, grammar, geog¬ 
 raph y and pen m an ship. 
 
 The third class sent three 
 volumes of miscellaneous 
 exercises and one volume of 
 arithmetic. St. Lawrence 
 O’Toole’s contributed one 
 volume of papers on each of 
 the following subjects:— 
 
 Christian Doctrine, Bible 
 History, arithmetic (ele¬ 
 ments), arithmetic (higher), 
 algebra, mensuration (illus¬ 
 trated) and book-keeping. 
 
 These papers were all skillful 
 in execution and finished in 
 appearance. The geography, 
 history and dictation were 
 each excellent. St. Mal¬ 
 achy’s School sent nine vol¬ 
 umes containing papers on 
 Christian Doctrine; arith¬ 
 metic, mensuration, algebra, 
 business forms, stenography, 
 typewriting, freehand and 
 map drawing; St. Vincent’s 
 added sixteen volumes con¬ 
 taining Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic, algebra, mensur¬ 
 ation, penmanship, gram¬ 
 mar, history, phonography 
 and typewriting. These pa¬ 
 pers were ail carefully pre- 
 pared; all worthy of the ***“»• nF Alco ™ ° 3 - 
 
 teachers who aided in their 
 
 preparation, and that is saying for them all that can be said in favor of 
 work of that kind. Students are not infallible, but in the papers pre¬ 
 sented in the Catholic Education Exhibit their errors were surprisingly 
 few. 
 
 The displays from St. Elizabeth’s Institute, St. Louis; St. Mary’s In¬ 
 stitute. O’Fallon; St. Agatha’s School, St. Louis; St. Augustine’s School, 
 
 St. Louis; Sacred Heart School, Florissant; St. Joseph’s School, Joseph- 
 
 ville; Immaculate Conception School, Old Monroe; St. Philip and St. 
 James’ Schools, Riviere aux Vases; All Saints’ School, St. Peter; St. 
 Andrew’s School, Tipton; and St. Josephs’ School, Zell, will be found 
 described under the heading “The Collective Exhibit of the Sisters of the 
 Precious Blood,” in Part III. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Joseph were exceedingly well represented in the 
 Educational Exhibit, by work displayed in various diocesan exhibits. 
 
 ART WORK FROM ST. JOSEPH’S CONVENT, SOUTH ST. LOUIS. 
 
 In the Diocese of St. Louis is located their Mother House and their 
 most important academy, St. Joseph’s (Corondelet). From the latter 
 came a rich and varied display. The written work was bound in thir¬ 
 teen volumes, and comprised papers on Christian Doctrine and Church 
 History; arithmetic, algebra, geometry, book-keeping, grammar, rhetoric, 
 composition, geography, map-drawing, astronomy, physiology, geology, 
 zoology, history, mythology, and moral philosophy. One volume, con- 
 
 94 
 
taining literature only, was a treasure of information, of correct expres- Superior, contained beautiful literary selections elegantly written and 
 
 sion and ot dainty illustration in pen-work and pencil drawing. The exquisitely illustrated, with pen and pencil sketches suggested by the 
 
 wall display comprised ten handsome, mounted maps, four of them may selections. The work in botany was illustrated with water color paint- 
 
 be seen in our illustration, three very fine railroad maps, nine oil paint- ings from nature. 
 
 ings (one of St. Anne with our Blessed Lady as a child), four pretty At the right of the entrance to alcove 63, were two beautiful and 
 
 flower pieces in pastel, two large crayon pictures (“Pharaoh’s.Horses,” unique pieces of framed art work of which our illustration gives a fair 
 
 and a St. Bernard dog), three water color studies (an infant’s head), six idea. The frames were white and gold. The flowers and other deco- 
 
 pieces of exquisite illuminated work, and ten small drawings on tinted rative designs were in raised or embossed work, and most beautifully 
 
 paper, very pretty indeed. A study in oil of three Indian babies asleep tinted. The pictures illustrating, in one piece, “The Promises of the 
 
 attracted much notice. The fancy work department contributed a lace Sacred Heart of Jesus,” and, in the other “The Eight Beatitudes,” were 
 
 rochet alb, a table cloth finished with drawn work, five table scarfs of photographs inserted, with exquisite taste, in the midst of the various 
 
 wash silk embroidered with floss, twelve doilies prettily ornamented with lovely decorations. The oramcntal printing in which the promises and 
 
 INTERIOR VIEW OF ALCOVE NO. 63. EXHIBITS FROM ACADEMIES AND PARISH SCHOOLS OF SISTERS OF ST. JOSEPH. 
 
 a simple pattern in embroidery, two doilies of lace, one silk handker- the Beatitudes were expressed was, in itself, a work of art. Within al- 
 
 chief tastily embroidered, eight tray covers ot silk and three picture cove 63, were the other exhibits from institutions in charge of the Sis- 
 
 scarfs of silk,—all embroidered with silk; two photograph holders, three ters of St. Joseph in the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Looking at our illus- 
 
 placques and one tambourine of bolten cloth,—all hand-painted; sofa tration of the interior of this alcove, the reader sees, in the back-ground, 
 
 cushions, a table mat, a ciborium cover, a watch pocket, a lace needle- the portrait of the venerable Archbishop Kenrick; at the right is a pet- 
 
 book, three embroidered panels and three embroidered pictures, also ure of the Mater Dolorosa,; at the left, the portrait of a child; below this, 
 
 several china placques, hand-painted, and an album of flowers painted is a picture that attracted much attention and many favorable comments, 
 
 from nature, and intended to accompany the study of botany. The class It represents a Sister of St. Joseph presenting a child, one of her dear 
 
 in botany contributed also a beautiful album of skillfully dried and pupils, for special consecration to the Blessed Virgin, before whose statue 
 
 pressed flowers. In addition to this was a volume containing “An Illus- they both stand. In the glass covered cases was every variety of beauti- 
 
 trated History of the Early California Missions,” the penmanship was ful fancy needle-work. 
 
 excellent, the pen-drawings were most beautiful. “The Festal Offering,” The Holy Name parish school of St. Louis, in charge of the Sisters of 
 
 an album prepared by the pupils as a gift for the Reverend Mother St. Joseph, sent three volumes: Christian Doctrine, practical arithme- 
 
 95 
 
tic, mental arithmetic, language, United States history, orthography, geo¬ 
 graphy, essays and letter writing. 
 
 St. John’s School, in the same city and taught by the same Sisters, 
 sent one volume: Catechism, arithmetic, algebra, spelling, dictation, 
 grammar, literature, essays, letters, notes on general information, geo¬ 
 graphy, physiology, philosophy, history and civil government, also a 
 paper naming and explaining the vestments used in the celebration of 
 the holy sacrifice of the Mass. St. Lawrence O’Toole’s School sent three 
 volumes on the same subjects as those taught to grammar grades, also 
 Christian Doctrine and Bible History. 
 
 St. Patrick’s, another St. Louis school in charge of the Sisters of St. 
 Joseph, presented three volumes of papers on Christian Doctrine, geo- 
 
 civil government, physics, Latin, algebra, penmanship, physiology, eti¬ 
 quette, physical geography, zoology, orthography, English Literature 
 and book-keeping. 
 
 in the same alcove, No. 63, were the exhibits of the Academy of Our 
 Lady of the Sacred Heart, Peoria, Ill., of St. Joseph’s Academy, St. 
 Augustine, Fla., and of St. Theresa’s Academy, Kansas City, Mo., all in 
 charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph. St. Theresa’s contributed three vol¬ 
 umes of class exercises treating of Christian Doctrine, chemistry, geome¬ 
 try, logic, botany, book-keeping, geology, physiology and “original 
 drafts of quarterly examinations.” These papers were very praise¬ 
 worthy; the penmanship correct and pretty, the language well chosen, 
 the ideas clearly expressed. The three volumes from Peoria were 
 
 ALCOVES NOS. 98 AND 100. EXHIBITS OF CHRISTIAN BROTHERS’ SCHOOLS, DIOCESES OF ST. LOUIS, NEW ORLEANS, ST. PAUL, KANSAS CITY, 
 
 ST. JOSEPH AND CHICAGO. 
 
 graphy. grammar, book-keeping, spelling, definitions, United States his¬ 
 tory, physical geography, physiology and German exercises. 
 
 St. Aloysius’ School sent three volumes, St. Francis' School sent one, 
 St. Anthony’s one, St, Vincent’s (female department ) two, each set con¬ 
 tained papers on the same subjects, viz.: - Christian Doctrine, Bible His¬ 
 tory, arithmetic, algebra, grammar, spelling, geography, book-keeping, 
 United States history, civil government, physiology and the rules of 
 etiquette. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Joseph in charge of St. Bridget’s Girls’ School, in 
 St. Louis, exhibited seven neatly bound volumes of class work fully up 
 to the standard in all respects and including Christian Doctrine, lan¬ 
 guages, Bible History, numbers, geography, United States history, gram¬ 
 mar, spelling, practical and mental arithmetic, philosophy, rhetoric, 
 
 equally deserving of kindly comment. These volumes were handsomely 
 bound, but their contents merited that, and surpassed the binding in 
 excellence. The subjects treated of were Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, 
 grammar, history and geography; algebra, rhetoric, literature and myth¬ 
 ology; philosophy, geology, zoology, astronomy and botany; book¬ 
 keeping, stenography and music. 
 
 The work from St. Augustine, St. Joseph’s Academy, was particu¬ 
 larly attractive and much noticed, both for its merit and because of the 
 locality whence it came; many were curious to see what sort of edu¬ 
 cational ideas prevail in the far south. Their excellence was proved by 
 the following exhibit:—Ten albums, grammar; ten albums, arithmetic; 
 two albums, algebra; eight alliums, book-keeping; one album, original 
 poems; thirteen albums, maps; six volumes, biographies; one volume, 
 
compositions; ten sets of junior examination papers; thirty-six sets 
 of senior examination papers; ten sets of examination papers by 
 colored pupils. These were very interesting and very well written and 
 expressed. Two books of pen-drawings presented some very beautiful 
 work. Forty-three books which showed the various kinds of kinder¬ 
 garten work admirably done, and fifty-four books filled with spe¬ 
 cimens of primary needle-work were very popular with visitors. The 
 needle-work of the larger pupils comprised many beautiful specimens, 
 but the lace excelled everything else. There were two yards of black 
 lace, three yards of Alencon, five yards of Guipure, three yards of 
 Duchesse, three yards of Torchon, seven yards of insertion and one yard 
 of white Guipure. Three small crayon pictures constituted the wall 
 display. Among the bound volumes were two herbariums, “Pascua 
 Florida.” Copies of the school journal, edited by the pupils, were dis¬ 
 played, and a literary tribute, from one of the Sisters to the great Dis¬ 
 coverer, “The Glorification of Columbus.” 
 
 St. Mary’s Academy, Los Angeles, Cal., in charge of the Sisters of 
 St. Joseph, contributed five mounted maps. St. Mary’s Parish School, 
 Peoria; 111., taught by the same Sisters, sent two volumes of papers on 
 Christian Doctrine, language essons, arithmetic, grammar, geography, 
 dictation and history. St. Mary’s Parochial School, Lee, Mass., in the 
 Diocese of Springfield, represented the Sisters of St. Joseph with a 
 pleasing exhibit of fourteen volumes of papers on Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic, grammar, geography, history, composition, sacred history, 
 practical science, map drawing and linear drawing. 
 
 This same community was honored by an exhibit of class exercises 
 from St. Mary’s School, Lonacoming, Md. The examination papers 
 treated of Christian Doctrine, Bible History, Church History, literature, 
 science, rhetoric, civil government, United States history, geography, 
 
 I took-keeping, geometry, algebra, arithmetic and composition. The 
 Cathedral School, Wheeling, West Va., contributed one volume of beau¬ 
 tiful maps, and St. Francis de Sales’ School, St. Joseph, Mo., presented 
 one volume containing drawings, maps and papers on physiology, phil¬ 
 osophy, rhetoric, grammar, algebra and book-keeping. The Maria; 
 Consilia Deaf Mute School. St. Louis, Mo., sent a volume of papers on 
 Christian Doctrine, history, grammar and geography. Besides these 
 exhibits which were collected in one alcove, the Sisters of St. Joseph 
 exhibited displays with seventeen other dioceses, where they have 
 schools and academies located. These will be and have been described 
 in connection with the diocesan displays of which they form a part. 
 
 The Ursuline Nuns sent work from Ursuline Academy, St. Louis, 
 
 Arcadia College, Arcadia, Mo., and from the Ursuline Day School, St. 
 Louis, Mo. The exhibit from the Ursuline Academy comprised six 
 volumes of tastefully arranged and beautifully written papers on Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, arithmetic, algebra, orthography, definitions, history, 
 language, grammar, civil government, literature, mythology, classical 
 mythology, biography, ethics, familiar science, physiology, physics, 
 chemistry and astronomy. 
 
 Arcadia College presented four volumes of excellently expressed 
 and beautifully written papers on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, 
 algebra, geometry and trigonometry; United States history, ancient and 
 modern history, biography and civil government; geography, grammar, 
 composition and spelling; rhetoric, literature and logic; physical geo¬ 
 graphy, physiology and botany; astronomy, chemistry and mythology; 
 stenography, etiquette and music. The essays were admirable; the 
 map drawing, pen-work and colored drawing were skillful, tasteful and 
 almost perfect in every detail. The science papers were particularly 
 meritorious. 
 
 The Ursuline Day School contributed four volumes of papers 
 worthy in subject and in treatment of academy pupils. The composi¬ 
 tions showed extreme care on the part of the teachers and an enthusi¬ 
 astic originality on the part of the pupils. The subjects treated of in 
 the bound volumes, were Christian Doctrine, arithmetic and higher 
 mathematics; grammar, rhetoric, literature and mythology; United 
 States history, civil government and general history; physiology, 
 botany, physics, chemistry and astronomy. Four pretty oil paintings 
 aided to brighten the walls of the alcove and an ornamental display in¬ 
 cluded embroidered handkerchiefs, embroidered stand cover, a missal 
 cover, a ciborium cover and a cravat. 
 
 The exhibits of the Sisters of the Precious Blood, from two academic 
 and seven parish schools, in the St. Louis Diocese, have been described 
 under the heading “Collective Exhibit of the Sisters of the Precious 
 Blood.” In regard to the work from three academies and two parish 
 schools of this Diocese, and in charge of the Sisters of Loretto, the same 
 statement is to be made. 
 
 The displays from the forty-one institutions belonging to the St. 
 Louis Diocese certainly reflected high honor on the entire Archdiocese, 
 and must have made the hearts of both Archbishops glad and hopeful, 
 glad that the past had so excellent a record, hopeful that the future 
 may find that record equaled, if not excelled. 
 
 We will now return to Chicago, from which we departed some time 
 since. 
 
^rdyliocese of Chicago. 
 
 (Resumed from Pige IS.) 
 
 T HE parochial school work.presented to public judgment in the 
 Catholic Educational Exhibit had, without the exception of a 
 single paper, the features that an exacting and experienced teacher 
 would wish to see in such work and yet would be surprised to see pre¬ 
 sented in such perfection. These features were neat, correct and beauti¬ 
 ful penmanship, exact and original expression of ideas and facts, orderly 
 methods of arrangement, and the manifest reserve power of a thorough 
 information, which knows more than it tells; also a decided, unmistak- 
 
 Did they not see that the penmanship presented in the various vol¬ 
 umes was, almost without exception, perfect, that the papers on history 
 and geography were accompanied by beautiful maps, and other appro¬ 
 priate drawings, that the sciences were exactly and exquisitely illustrated, 
 that very few words were misspelled, and that very few sentences were 
 ungrammatical? Did they not read the correctly worded, beautifully ex¬ 
 pressed, deeply thoughtful compositions and essays? Were they not 
 impressed by the nol.de sentiments ol religion and true patriotism that 
 
 GENERAL VIEW OF THE EXHIBITS FROM THE ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO. 
 
 able and admirable mingling of love for God and for country. The cross 
 and the flag, religion and patriotism, the Church and fatherland; these 
 emblems, standing for these lofty sentiments, were on every map and in 
 every volume; the inspirations awakened by them breathed in every 
 paragraph ; and reverence for the sacred realities of faith and patriotism 
 stamped every object in the exhibit with the united characteristics of 
 their holy partnership. 
 
 It is hoped that the carping, discontented, critical Catholic and the 
 more honest, more just, if more prejudiced, non-Catholic examined the 
 parish school work presented in the general department and the Chi¬ 
 cago department of the Catholic Exhibit, and will forever hold their 
 peace, as to “priest-ridden people,” “ignorant, incompetent teachers,” 
 and “mistaught, misguided, unpatriotic pupils. ” 
 
 animated the young minds that conceived them and made them appear 
 so strongly and clearly in their literary efforts? 
 
 The flag, the beloved “stars and stripes,” greeted the eye on every 
 side; it adorned title pages, it graced maps and charts, it ornamented 
 pictures, and waved from every architectural vantage-ground. It formed 
 the ground-work of innumerable decorations; it was the fore-ground 
 of one picture and the back-ground of another; on its stripes and 
 among its stare, some ingenious pupils traced specimens of penman¬ 
 ship; while others, making it the support of a white scroll, printed 
 thereon, in ornamental letters, patriotic verses, or prose expressions of 
 the noblest sentiments of the human heart, love of religion and of 
 country. Several of the displays had the growth of the flag shown in 
 beautifully designed and exquisitely colored charts; there was nothing 
 
like them in any other educational exhibit. In fact, the writer was 
 greatly disappointed in the public school displays occupying space all 
 around and about the Catholic exhibit. Being a reasoning creature of 
 mature years, and some degree of good sense, said writer considered 
 carefully the benefits arising from expenditure of pul die money, the ad¬ 
 vantages arising from a special and ever improving, universal sys¬ 
 tem, the happy results accruing from a common method pursued 
 by teachers specially trained for their work, teachers with the aid 
 of mutual intercourse making the acquirements and mental posses¬ 
 sions of one the property of many; considering these and many similar 
 blessings strewn on the public school highways to knowledge, your hum¬ 
 ble servant went forth many days, from the crowded alcoves of the Cath¬ 
 olic Exhibit, to visit the spacious compartments assigned the displays 
 from the state schools; went forth expecting to be favorably impressed, to 
 be instructed in educational methods and to gather up helpful ideas.— 
 to be impressed, instructed and helped—not to be surprised, sincerely 
 no; tor no degree of perfection in public school work could surprise one 
 intelligently aware of the advantages enjoyed by public school teachers 
 and pupils. However, surprise was the uppermost emotion, when 
 earnest, unprejudiced examination of volume after volume, revealed the 
 fact that the "rough, ignorant Catholic children,” offspring of hated for¬ 
 eigners, or of their descendants, pupils of “incompetent, untrained, 
 overly pious,” religious teachers, not only equaled the public school 
 pupils in the ordinary acquirements suited to age and grade, but ex¬ 
 celled them in the dainty use of pen, pencil and brush ; excelled them in 
 composition; excelled them in patriotism; excelled them in—oh, surely ! 
 in knowledge of Christian Doctrine, not merely of dogmas peculiar to 
 Catholicism, but of the facts of Bible History, with which every child of 
 Christian parents should be familiar. 
 
 The Catholic Exhibit had not as much paper work on its walls as its 
 sister exhibits had; however, there was an abundance of it in large port¬ 
 folios ; the wall space was needed for the display of work of a much 
 higher character, not only of crayon, charcoal and pastel drawings, but 
 of charts of wonderful beauty, teeming with condensed information, as the 
 historical charts from St. Paul’s, St. Michael’s, St. Pius’s, St. James’, St. 
 Elizabeth’s schools in Chicago; and of maps, handsomely decorated, 
 exquisitely colored and perfectly correct in the information given. How 
 pretty and how pleasing a way to show patriotism was the preparation 
 and the displaying of accurate charts of the principal battle-fields of 
 the Revolution, of the War of 1812, of the Mexican War and of the 
 Civil War. The Catholic teachers had something, also, besides photo¬ 
 graphs, with which to grace their wall space. Though there were 
 thousands of photographs in albums, the walls were given to the pen 
 portraits, rivaling etchings, of Lincoln, Sherman, Sheridan and Grant; 
 Washington, Harrison, Cleveland and a host of others. 
 
 In fact, every argument against parochial schools, every belittling as¬ 
 sertion regarding them, every fault found with the methods pursued in 
 them, every adverse criticism of their relation to the nation, found a re¬ 
 futation, a contradiction, a correction and a denial in the Educational 
 Exhibit presented under the supervision of the incomparable Brother 
 Maurelian. The Catholic Exhibit was a more eloquent justification of 
 the Church’s action regarding education, than any words could express, 
 though they were uttered bv the golden-mouthed Demosthenes. 
 
 It is always better to do than to say; Catholic educators and Catholic 
 pupils did their task nobly for the World’s Fair; may the results never 
 be forgotten, nor the fact that they were accomplished without wealth, 
 without public patronage, without governmental encouragement, but 
 rather in the face of immense obstacles and stupendous difficulties. None 
 but those whose hearts were warm with the enthusiasm of divine inspira¬ 
 tion, and inflamed by a divine love for souls, could have produced such 
 rich effects from causes so poor. 
 
 We have commented upon the displays from several Dioceses and are 
 about to treat of those from the Chicago parochial schools. Long ere this, 
 some reader has exclaimed, “That writer praises everything!” Certainly! 
 And wherefore not ? In each display there were a hundred perfections 
 to one imperfection. The setting of your diamond ring is but eighteen • 
 parts pure, shall any one dare to say to you that it is not gold ? 
 
 As for seeming to favor one teaching order more than another, ah, no! 
 true to God and higher self, the shadow of partiality shall not fall on this 
 report; all workers in God’s harvest fields are sacred, consecrated, be¬ 
 yond comment and above criticism ; their work and its results, too closely 
 bound by earthly circumstances and human contrivances to be judged 
 
 by ordinary standards; their success too much a matter of happy circum¬ 
 stances, not granted to others, just as capable and just as worthy of suc¬ 
 cess. The writer has endeavored to have a single eye to God’s glory, let 
 the readers do likewise, and there will be little room for thoughts of 
 preference or partiality. 
 
 The Chicago schools will be noticed in the order of the alcoves in 
 which their displays appeared, beginning with the lowest number 68, 
 which designated the first alcove on the left of the principal entrance to 
 the Chicago space. 
 
 In the year 1875, on the 16th of August, ground was broken for 
 what is now All Saints’ School. For several years it was used for both 
 church and school, but in 1881 became a school only. 
 
 Four scholarships in the De La Salle Institute are at the disposal 
 of All Saints’ School. One of these is awarded to the pupil of the eighth 
 grade who has the highest annual average. The scholarships are the 
 gift of His Grace, Archbishop Feehan, Mr. Michael Cudahy, Mr. Daniel 
 Corkery and Mr. John Cudahy. 
 
 The school opened for the first time, Dec. 18, 1875, with an attend¬ 
 ance of one hundred and eighty pupils; now the attendance is six 
 hundred daily. It is in charge of the Sisters of Mercy from St. 
 Xavier’s Academy; and was built by Reverend E. J. Dunne, now 
 Bishop of Dallas, Texas. 
 
 The exhibit presented by this school was extensive and particularly 
 attractive. It was displayed in alcove 68, the No. 1 of the Chicago De¬ 
 partment. The banneret bearing the inscription “Sisters of Mercy” can 
 be distinguished in our illustration. On entering this alcove, one found 
 on both sides of it, displays from the parochial schools in charge of the 
 Sisters of Mercy. These displays were continued on the wall space and 
 on the long shelf bordering the inside aisle at the left, as one faced 
 11 is Grace’s statue. Some of them can be distinguished in the back¬ 
 ground of our illustration of alcove 70. The work from academies was 
 arranged around the statue, at one side of which was placed the exhibit 
 from the , irineipal institution of the Sisters of Mercy; at present, we 
 are considering their parish school work. Parochial school displays 
 are treated of first, because they were considered the most important. 
 Academies, in charge of the various Sisterhoods had not met with the 
 criticism and opposition that had threatened the very existence of 
 parochial schools. The Educational Exhibit was designed particularly 
 to defend the parish schools, and to prove their true character, hence 
 we give them precedence. 
 
 The exhibit from “All Saints’ ” did its part valiantly; its forty-six 
 volumes were strong factors in the defence, and its maps and pictures 
 constituted a worthy part of the favorable proofs presented. Christian 
 Doctrine and Bible History in the eighth grade, and catechism in the 
 lower grades, had been made so familiar to the young minds that it was 
 evident they could scarcely have made a mistake, if they had tried. 
 The two volumes of first grade and the four of second grade work, were 
 a delight to anyone who loves the little ones; their earnest efforts to 
 do well were manifest in every turn of the letters and figures; their 
 pleasure in their own work was impressed on every page. It was thus 
 with the primary work of every parochial school taking part in the ex¬ 
 hibit; the dear wee ones had magnificent ideas of what it meant to help 
 prepare displays for the great Fair, and each of their little exercises had 
 its own peculiar perfection to characterize it, among the many. 
 
 It is there, in the primary work, that every experienced teacher 
 delights to meet with perfection. Whatever betides, let us have good 
 primary teachers, they place the foundation stones, they are the builders 
 of those strong walls upon which the superstructure of education and 
 culture are to rest. In them we should have knowledge, wisdom and 
 strength. Ah, but we kept eager outlook for the primary work in our 
 glorious Catholic display, and few things about the exhibit rejoiced us 
 more than the general excellence manifested by primary work. 
 
 The fourth and filth grades of “All Saints’” could not have pre¬ 
 sented such pretty language lessons, nor had them so prettily written, 
 had they not been carefully trained when they were in the primary 
 grades. They could not have shown such correct methods in working 
 their problems in arithmetic, had not the foundation of their knowledge 
 been sound. Their geography, even, owed much of its perfection to the 
 careful drilling which had trained eye and hand to judge of and to mas¬ 
 ter distances and other measurements, from the first hour in the school 
 room. With properly trained primary and carefully drilled grammar 
 grades, we might expect just such excellent work as the seventh and 
 
 99 
 
eighth grades of All Saints’ School presented in every branch. When 
 the fifth grade pupils were able to produce the volume of beautiful geo¬ 
 graphical maps that were accredited to them, it was perfectly reasonable 
 that the seventh grade should be able ’to present the elegant historical 
 maps that delighted the visitor’s sight and awakened his high appre¬ 
 ciation. These maps, both the geographical and the historical, were 
 worthy of high commendation, particularly a collection in green cellu¬ 
 loid covers, presenting, in fine pen work and colored ink, Acadia, 
 Bunker Hill, Yorktown, Savannah, Charlestown and Long Island, with 
 forts and battle-fields carefully drawn. 
 
 The eighth grade arithmetic was especially worthy of notice; the 
 methods of stating the problems and of performing the operations were 
 
 from each of twenty-four pupils, intended to illustrate their history les¬ 
 sons ; an admirable plan on the part of the teachers, one that should be 
 universally adopted. Three portfolios containing a miscellaneous col¬ 
 lection of maps, and four, containing a variety ot drawings, presented 
 many admirable pieces of work executed with pen and pencil. “Pen 
 Sketches of Our Navy” was a collection of pictures of ships and of 
 officers that attracted much attention and praise. They came from the 
 hand of one P. O’Brien, an industrious and talented member of the 
 eighth grade, who merits this special mention of his name, we judge, 
 because his industry must have equaled his talent, since there were so 
 many pretty pieces of pen-work, fanciful pictures and portraits bearing 
 his name. Among the portraits were those of His Grace and the other 
 
 ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO. (ALCOVE NO. 68.) EXHIBITS 
 
 excellent. The illustrations accompanying each problem were particu¬ 
 larly suitable anil attractive. 
 
 The Christian Doctrine volume of this grade was dedicated as 
 follows “In grateful remembrance and in thankfulness for his excep¬ 
 tional favor in bestowing upon our school the De La Salle Institute 
 Scholarship, this book is respectfully dedicated to our Most Reverend 
 Archbishop, P. A. Feehan.” It is needless to dwell on the contents and 
 general style of a volume thus dedicated, needless to state that it was, 
 in all particulars, as near perfection as .possible. 
 
 Another volume of school work was dedicated to the lay donors of the 
 scholarships, gentlemen mentioned at the beginning of these comments 
 on the exhibit from All Saints’ School. In addition to the volumes 
 already commented upon, there were twenty-four books of maps, one 
 
 ALL SAINTS’ SCHOOL; ST. JAMES* AND ST. STEPHEN’S SCHOOLS. 
 
 donors of scholarships, also of Reverend E. J. Dunne and Honorable 
 Thos. Brennan. The wall display included eighteen maps, framed, 
 some in oak, some in gilt and some in white and gold. Some were 
 painted in light tints with water colors, others drawn with colored 
 crayons; some were pen-work in black on white ground and several 
 were pen-work in white lines on black ground of enameled paper. The 
 last mentioned is always a very pretty way to present a map. Some of 
 these maps were of medium size; several were large and elaborately 
 finished. There were two maps of Scotland, one of Europe, two of Italy, 
 one of Africa, three of South America, one of North America, three ot 
 the United States and one of Bunker Hill, drawn by members of the 
 fourth, fifth, seventh and eighth grades. 
 
 It is pleasing to notice the interest taken by the boys, who are sup- 
 
 100 
 
posed to be opposed, as a general thing, to ornamental work of any 
 kind. Four of the nine framed maps were drawn and colored by boys; 
 fifteen of the thirty-four pictures were the work of boys, and of the 
 pretty things in the cases mentioned above, a fair proportion were by 
 the boys. Besides the beautiful maps, there were on the wall several 
 remarkable pen-sketches:—“St. Peter Walking on the Water,” “Our 
 Lady of the Rosary,” “The Annunciation” and “The Agony in the 
 Garden.” There were multitudes of pen, pencil and crayon sketches 
 and other ornamental pieces, that could not.find room on the walls. 
 The question of space for an extensive wall display was solved by an 
 artifice that afforded ample room and was itself ornamental. This was 
 a case, about 3^x2£ ft., and 1^- ft. deep, with a door which, on 
 being opened, disclosed the fact that the space within the case was 
 filled with leaves, like a huge book; on each page of these thin wooden 
 leaves, were such of the pictures referred to above as did not find room 
 on the walls of the alcove, also exercises in music, in arithmetic and 
 book-keeping, besides pen and pencil drawings of historical and literary 
 personages; scenes from nature in sepia; portraits in crayon; illustra¬ 
 tions of lessons in natural and in physical science, painted in colors. 
 Eighteen leaves in each of two cases and eight pictures to each leaf, 
 made a display that spoke well, not only for the skill, but the industry 
 and earnest application of the young students. 
 
 Under glass and framed, as it well deserved to be, was a letter from 
 a member of the Chicago Board of Public School Education, informing 
 Father E. J. Dunne, now Bishop of Dallas, Texas, that thirty-one, 
 in a class of thirty-four from All Saints’ eighth grade, had passed the 
 examination and were admitted to the city high school. Besides giving 
 this gratifying information, the writer expressed his opinion of the class, 
 in several laudatory remarks, highly creditable to the subjects of them. 
 The letter was dated June 18, 1893. Comments are unnecessary. 
 
 “St. James’ School” is a name honored whenever or wherever heard, 
 even before tile Columbian Exposition added to its fame. Much more 
 has it been respected since its beautiful and very extensive exhibit 
 appeared, on that occasion, showing what mere school children can be 
 taught to do when they are in earnest and their teachers are competent. 
 
 This excellent school was established in 1884, by Rev. Hugh 
 McGuire, with the Sisters of Mercy from St. Xavier’s Convent in charge. 
 At that time, eight rooms accommodated four hundred children; now 
 there are eighteen rooms, twenty-two teachers and one thousand one 
 hundred children. Primary, grammar and academic departments, in 
 which a carefully planned course of study is followed, afford the pupils 
 equal advantages with those attending the public schools. Indeed, 
 having compared the two exhibits, we conclude that St. .James’ and 
 other schools like it, in the great western metropolis, afford many an 
 advantage not met with in the state schools, and that the training given 
 by teachers working for God, for souls and for personal sanctification, 
 must be superior to that given by persons, however well educated, 
 whose aims, motives and inspirations are utterly inferior. 
 
 Three well filled libraries (nearly 3,000 volumes) afford the pupils 
 of St. James’ Parochial School a literary advantage superior to that of 
 many academies. Music and drawing are taught and, as the exhibit 
 showed, the principles learned are applied. 
 
 In our illustrations of alcoves 68 and 70, will be seen a banner, bear¬ 
 ing the name of the school under consideration, below which are 
 arranged the one hundred large, thick, handsomely bound volumes of 
 written work prepared by the pupils, some of it especially for this 
 occasion and some of it the ordinary daily efforts of the various 
 classes. These exercises and examination papers were on the oft-re¬ 
 peated branches of the primary, grammar and academic departments, 
 but there was a style about them that marked them as worthy of spe¬ 
 cial attention; the examination of one volume did not suffice for the 
 formation of a judgment of all, each one had pleasing peculiarities 
 not found in the others. Does the reader ask “Did the writer examine 
 the hundred volumes?” The writer can answer, with hearty approval 
 of personal honesty of purpose, “Yes.” “Not only St. James’ hundred 
 volumes and its hundred and fifteen other contributions, but all the vol¬ 
 umes and all the other contributions of the entire Catholic Educational 
 Exhibit.” Remember, dear reader, that it was June, July and August 
 of an unusually warm summer, also that in the space occupied by the 
 Catholic Exhibit, the thermometer always marked a temperature several 
 degrees higher than elsewhere, and you will not be disedified at “the 
 hearty self approval” expressed above, more particularly as the labor 
 
 was one of love for the Church’s glory, self imposed and undertaken 
 voluntarily, with no thought of this publication. 
 
 To return to St. Janies’ exhibit, eighteen volumes of drawing books, 
 bound together, showed what St. James’ pupils, comprising all the 
 grades from second to eighth, inclusive, had accomplished with the 
 pencil. The display accounted for the beautiful pen-work the high 
 school pupils of this institution were enabled to present to the pleased 
 eyes of visitors. There were also five portfolios of large pictures 
 drawn by members of fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth grades, 
 inclusive, the members of which were truly honored by their own work. 
 
 It is hoped that many who read these lines saw the pen sketches, 
 some in black ink, others in blue, in green and in the soft, pretty brown 
 of sepia ink. All were so charming that it is not possible to do them jus¬ 
 tice in a written description. Does the reader remember those pleasant 
 retreats, the alcoves each side of His Grace’s statue? On the left there 
 were two, the walls of which were literally covered with art work from 
 St. James’ School. A sketch from the statue of St. James and one from 
 the picture of St. Paul, the severe dignity of the subjects making them a 
 peculiar test of skill, were placed near “We have it,” a laughable little 
 piece, near which appeared the martial form of Gen. Lew Wallace and 
 the impressive presence of Grover Cleveland, with the lovely face of 
 “The First Lady,” sweet “Fannie,” not far distant. “A Public Writer in 
 Seville,” his wrinkled brow in a pucker of honest endeavor, and “A 
 Hunter of the Mexican Plains,” his betinseled garb a fine contrast to his 
 fierce, dark face, were neighbors of Hon. Thomas Brennan, a noble 
 epitome of all benevolence, and “Columbus in Chains,” a lesson for the 
 benevolent to learn regarding human gratitude. A materialized “Reverie,” 
 “A Spanish Girl,” an “Apple Seller,” “The Three Graces” and “The 
 Old Oaken Bucket” were old friends in the new garb of blue, black, 
 green and brown inks, instantly recognized, so well were they reproduced 
 by these young artists, with their charmed pens; “magic pens,” in a new 
 sense. Here, too, was Joan of Arc, in martial array; Marquette, in prayer- 
 ful attitude; and, sweet and sad, sacred but familiar, “The Ecce Homo” 
 and “The Mater Dolorosa.” A little apart from these, by reverent fore¬ 
 thought, were several pieces to make one smile:—“Oh, ain’t I in Luck,’ 
 “Thisone’s mine,” “Gossip under Difficulties,” “First Notes,” “A Les¬ 
 son in Churning,” “The Doll’s Doctor,” “The First English Settlement” 
 and “His First Smoke.” It is needless to describe these pictures, as the 
 originals are familiar to all lovers of art, but perhaps not all the readers 
 of these lines arc aware of how beautifully it is possible to reproduce oil, 
 crayon or water color pictures with the pen. In addition to pen sketches 
 mentioned above, the wall was graced by several pieces in pastel and in 
 water color, among them appeared the familiar pictures:—“Good Morn¬ 
 ing,” “A Carcanean Peasant,” “Up the Nile,” “The Coast,” “Little 
 Nurse,” “Mozart” and “The Madonna.” There were also several fine 
 pastel studies from casts. Next to the pictures ranked the beautiful 
 charts: Three for “Modern History,” chronologically and eotemporane- 
 ously arranged; four for the “History of England,” similarly arranged; 
 three for “English Literature,” one with all the periods, one with the 
 earlier periods, one with the recent periods illustrated ; an astronomical 
 chart, showing comparative size of the planets ; several battle charts, 
 among them, “The Battle of Bunker Hill” and “The Siege of Yorktown.” 
 The last named showed the position of troops, of fieldpieces, of embank¬ 
 ments and all other objects pertaining to a conflict on the field or to the 
 siege of a town. Even the churches, houses, trees, streams and other 
 objects in the environment were represented in the proper colors. These 
 charts teemed with information at the same time that they delighted the 
 eye with their artistic features. 
 
 Of equal merit were the large maps, such as the political and physical 
 maps of the United States, both in water colors; a set of relief maps 
 made from paper pulp, including one of North America and one of the 
 United States. Very handsome were “Italy,” “Mexico,” and “The Ori¬ 
 ginal Thirteen Colonies,” in pen work, also “Bunker Hill” and “York¬ 
 town,” in crayon. A pretty' and instructive piece was an outline, in white 
 on black enameled paper, showing the drainage of the rivers of the 
 United States. In addition to the above wall pieces there were speci¬ 
 mens of art, equal in merit, collected in portfolios, or displayed on the 
 leaves of two large cases, similar to those minutely described in the 
 notice of the exhibit from the “All Saints’ School.” These collec¬ 
 tions of pictures included twelve small pen sketches by one boy, and 
 twelve, the same size but differing in subjects, by another boy, both be¬ 
 longing to the eighth grade; a number of still-life studies by' the high 
 
school pupils; a number of pencil drawings from the eighth grade pupils, 
 and a portfolio of studies in sepia. These last mentioned pieces were 
 very pleasing to the eye and the artistic taste. 
 
 Each grade, from the primary to the eighth inclusive, contributed a 
 portfolio of drawings showing the course followed and illustrating the 
 gradual development of taste and acquirement of skill. Two interesting 
 bits of work were “daisies” embroidered by a little tot six years of age, 
 and “pansies” embroidered b.y another mite five and one-half years old. 
 A volume of zoology and botany, illustrated in sepia and India ink, by 
 pupils in the first year of high school, displayed beautiful pen work. 
 Three small manikins and one large one were the work of the physiology 
 classes, and showed a thorough knowledge of anatomy. “The Starol'Dis- 
 
 Almost as beautiful as the pictures were the contents of four port¬ 
 folios, 22x28 in size; these were one hundred and thirty-six maps drawn 
 with the pen and colored ink. Six prettily covered pamphlets contained 
 the beautifully written and well expressed “Individual Work in History 
 and Latin” by pupils in the third year of the high school; five similar 
 books contained—one of them physiology; two, United States history; 
 one, Bible History and one geography anti history, the individual work, 
 each of them, of a seventh or an eighth grade pupil. To this kind of 
 work belonged a beautiful album of “Scientific Studies,” including 
 physics, botany and geometry as presented by the pupils of St. James’ 
 High School. Accompanying this, was a portfolio of delightful “Essays, 
 Historic and Scientific,” illustrated profusely and elegantly, with truly 
 
 ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO. (ALCOVE NO. 70.) EXHIBITS OF THE CATHEDRAL SCHOOL; HOLY ANGELS* SCHOOL; HOLY FAMILY SCHOOL 
 
 AND ST. JAMES’ SCHOOL. 
 
 covery” was a pretty scheme tor showing one’s knowledge of the Ameri¬ 
 can discoverers and their explorations, and was well developed by a girl 
 of the seventh grade. This piece can be seen in our illustration of alcove 
 68. Among the pieces that required a marked degree of skill and of care 
 was a relief map made of salt, the successful work of an ingenious girl. 
 
 Among the attractive features of the wall display were “A Fire En¬ 
 gine” drawn in white and gold on black enameled paper, by a boy in the 
 natural philosophy class; “Theorem XVII.” of geometry, the figure and 
 the demonstration in blue and gold pn white enameled paper; a map of 
 “The Battle of Chancellorville,” with a handsome pen portrait of General 
 Lee in one corner ; “The Expedition Against Mobile,” mapped out with 
 the pen and having in one corner of the page a pen portrait of Admiral 
 Farragut, and in the other corners the drawings of boats. 
 
 artistic pictures, the work, both essays and drawings, of the high school 
 pupils. Equally as charming as the above, was a collection of “Book 
 Reviews, Poems and Themes” by the same pupils. The volume of “Doc¬ 
 trinal Essays” was magnificent and conclusive evidence in favor of unit¬ 
 ing secular learning with religious training. We have been examining 
 an exhibit with sixty bound volumes of almost perfect grade work, with 
 twenty or more volumes on academic branches, containing papers that 
 many a high school or academy teacher might be proud to have written. 
 We have reviewed the superior work in art and have found its beautiful 
 principles adapted to the illustrative needs of every branch of study. 
 Yet this exhibit was prepared by pupils who study Christian Doctrine 
 every day, pupils able to write these remarkable “Doctrinal Essays,” in 
 definition and in defence of their faith. Able, not only to write them in 
 
 102 
 
faultless English and with correct theology, but to decorate and illustrate 
 them with charming pen sketches of holy personages and pencil draw¬ 
 ings of sacred symbols. The beautiful title pages of the volumes of 
 Christian Doctrine papers were as delightful to behold as any of the pic¬ 
 tures in the handsome wall display. 
 
 We must not neglect the little people; they had their share in this 
 great exhibit. "Work from Babyland” was a volume showing the efforts 
 of the “wee ones” to write, to print, to make figures. Even the first 
 primary grade had a volume of "Number Work” and a volume of “Lang¬ 
 uage Exercises.” From the Kindergarten, was displayed mounted 
 “Sewing,” the pretty sewing on perforated card-board with bright colored 
 silks and after a great variety of patterns, also mounted “Paper Folding” 
 and mounted “Paper Cutting,” after fruit patterns. These specimens 
 showed careful preparation and were in thorough harmony with the per¬ 
 fection of the work from the higher grades. 
 
 A part of St. James’ display may be judged of by a careful considera¬ 
 tion of our illustrations of alcoves 68 and 70. There may be seen the 
 framed maps and charts, the “Star of Progress,” the kindergarten work 
 and the cases with leaves. Two of these cases are represented open and 
 one of them closed. The pen sketches that did not appear in these cases, 
 that is, the larger and handsomer specimens of artistic pen work, were 
 exhibited on the walls of the alcoves at the left of Plis Grace’s statue and 
 will appear in the illustrations accompanying the description of the work 
 from Chicago’s Catholic academies. 
 
 St. Elizabeth’s School was first opened in September, 1885, with an 
 average attendance of four hundred and fifty children, in charge of the 
 Sisters of Mercy. The building affords for school purposes ten class 
 rooms, with an office, a recreation room and music rooms. The pastor 
 of St. Elizabeth’s Church is the universally esteemed Father D. J. 
 Riordan, brother to the illustrious Archbishop of San Francisco. That 
 the exhibit from St. Elizabeth’s School presented many specially fine 
 features will surprise no one who has read the description of the ex¬ 
 hibits from All Saints’ and St. James’ Schools. 
 
 Thirty-one volumes of bound papers included, from the second 
 grade, three volumes of daily work in numbers, language, spelling and 
 busy-work, also drawing; three volumes of fourth grade work in Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, arithmetic, language, geography, composition and spell¬ 
 ing; six volumes of papers, from the fifth and sixth grades, on grammar 
 grade studies; seven volumes of papers on the branches pursued by 
 seventh and eighth grades; three volumes of high school work, and 
 ten volumes of combination work in drawing, map drawing and spelling. 
 These volumes were remarkable for excellent penmanship, correct ex¬ 
 pression, good spelling, fine language and thorough knowledge. The 
 title pages printed, with colored pencil, were beautiful and the decorative 
 work in the volumes, those particularly of the seventh grade, were 
 pleasing and effective. A volume of essays, in fancy covers, contained 
 compositions on such subjects as “What Should Constitute the Perfect 
 Type of an American Girl?” “The Silent Part the Best”; “This too 
 Shall Pass Away.” A moment’s reflection will convince any one that 
 the moral benefit the child derives from treating of such subjects is 
 great and permanent. A particularly interesting object, that deserves 
 minute description, was a volume of maps of battle-fields. It was 
 very pretty, so bright with colors, so attractive by reason of its beau¬ 
 tiful drawing, executed so well with that inflexible implement, the pen. 
 
 The wall display Avas rich and elaborate. Here we will pause for 
 “an aside”; parties, not particularly interested either, who were looking 
 at the exhibit from St. Elizabeth’s, took occasion to remark to the 
 writer, that there had been but little talk of this institution in times 
 past. “Well, if the silent eloquence of its educational exhibit makes 
 the impression that it should,” was the reply, “it will be heard from in 
 the future.” With correctly drawn outlines, in dark colors, filled in 
 with beautiful light tints, the maps made a very pretty appearance on 
 the Avail and in the portfolios; the display included “Palestine,” 
 “Spain,” “United States,” “Africa,” “Illinois and its Counties,” 
 “Alaska,” “Spain and Portugal,” “Central America and West Indies,” 
 “South America,” “North America” and “Michigan.” 
 
 The mottoes “Knowledge is Power,” “Liberty Knows Nothing but 
 Victories” and “Education is the Chief Defence of Nations, ” Avere beau¬ 
 tifully printed in ornamental lettering and surrounded by prettily drawn 
 designs such as flags, crosses, flowers and vines. “A Product Map of 
 Asia” Avas drawn Avith dark lines, the countries in tints, and the real 
 products of certain regions attached to it. 
 
 The most remarkable feature of this exhibit was its charts of battle¬ 
 fields ; these were very explicit in details and elaborate in decoration. 
 “The Siege of YorktOAvn” showed the York River, represented by wavy 
 blue lines, running diagonally across the chart; a group of fifteen 
 tents in one place, heavy breastworks in another and regiments of sol¬ 
 diers in various positions; a Union flag in the center of the field was 
 painted in its proper colors; near it was printed “Field where the 
 British laid down their Arms.” In one corner were tAvo flags and the 
 American Eagle, in colors; around the whole was a beautiful border 
 which set off the exquisite design. A frame of white and gold added 
 to the tasty appearance of the Avliole. “The Battle of Bunker Hill” pre¬ 
 sented a still greater number of natural objects and arrangements for 
 Avar; there were the several hills of historic fame, “Breed’s,” “Burial,” 
 “Morton,” “Brick,” “ToAvn” and “Bunker,” with their crowns of green 
 trees; there Avere the Mystic River and the exceedingly crooked Charles 
 River; there, too, Avas the city of CharlestoAvn, with its breastworks, in 
 a prominent place. The Atlantic Ocean, with the ships, “Falcon,” 
 “Lively” and “Somerset,” presented a fine appearance, the ships were 
 so Avell drawn. A beautifully ornamental border and a handsome Avhite 
 and gold frame Avere the adjuncts of each of these very elegant charts. 
 “The Surrender of Burgoyne”:—This comprehensive chart shoAved the 
 Hudson in blue, with green groves on its banks, and beyond these, the 
 home of Gen. Schuyler, also the ruins of Forts Hardy and Edward, 
 AA’ith the remains of the church on Bemis Heights and of the bridge 
 over which the army crossed from Fort Edward to Stillwater,—all these 
 Avere colored in shades of broAvn. In the distance, Avas Saratoga, and at 
 the bottom of the sheet, on which all these objects were drawn, were tAvo 
 large flags in their proper red, Avhite and blue, Avhile at the top, in fancy 
 printing, was our American motto, “In God we Trust.” “The Battle 
 of Brandywine” presented the Brandywine River and its branches in 
 blue ; ten or more roads intersecting each other Avere drawn in brown; 
 tAvo groups of trees in green and brown, three groups of houses and 
 churches in broAvn, surrounded by green trees; an encampment of many 
 tents with “Washington’s Headquarters” in the midst of them and 
 several large guns in position. At the top of the chart Avas an elaborate 
 scroll containing “Union arid Liberty,” printed in colors. At the foot of 
 the page were a drum, a sword and a large gun. At each side of the 
 pictured battle-field, was a, large flag in bright colors. “The Battle of 
 Gettysburg” presented three streams of water, crossing the page at 
 various angles; here and there were groves of green trees; at several 
 points were groups of guns ; and, in the center, was “Mead’s Headquar¬ 
 ters.” The page Avas decorated Avith colored flags at the top, Avith a 
 gold star on a blue ground in each corner, and across one corner, Avas 
 the inscription, in fancy printing, “Give me the imperialism of equal 
 rights.” 
 
 Each of these charts Avas about 22x24 inches in size and bore 
 many a finishing touch, adding much to its beauty, but difficult to de¬ 
 scribe. It were well did every class room have such pieces of practical 
 Avork to decorate its Avails, pleasing the eye and giving information 
 more easily remembered for being thus presented. 
 
 St. Stephen’s School, attached to St. Stephen’s Church, was erected 
 in 1871, by the revered and departed Father Barrett. The building con¬ 
 tains six rooms giving place to three hundred pupils, taught by the Sis¬ 
 ters of St. Joseph AA'ho had such beautiful displays from St. Louis, 
 Brooklyn, Buffalo, Pittsburg, Cleveland, Philadelphia and other points. 
 
 This exhibit Avas small, presenting only one A'olume from each grade, 
 besides a volume of maps and two of drawings, but it was in all re¬ 
 spects worthy of the celebrated teachers under Avhose care it Avas pre¬ 
 pared. The grammar grades only were represented, but their methods 
 showed that they were, at one time, Avell trained primary pupils' and 
 Avere advancing on right principles. The map drawing was good and 
 the collection of pictures in pencil and charcoal drawing were very 
 pleasing. Drawings of hands and feet, in various positions ; tAvo pencil 
 sketches of scenes from nature; seven, of trees, and one of a little girl; 
 also twelve or more cards, on Avhich Avere displayed specimens of orna¬ 
 mental penmanship, adorned a part of the Avail on the left-hand side 
 of alcove 68, as our illustration sIioavs. 
 
 In 1880, at the time Holy Angels’ Church Avas erected, the region 
 bordering on Oakwood Boulevard was a vast wilderness. Seven years 
 later, it was sufficiently settled to render a parochial school necessary, 
 and it is the exhibit from this school that Ave are now to consider. 
 
 Under the direction of Rev. D. A. Tighe, and in charge of the Sisters 
 
of Mercy, from St. Xavier’s Convent, the Holy Angels’ School has flour¬ 
 ished with great success and produced the admirable results shown in 
 this exhibit. Besides the seven school rooms, in which three hundred 
 children assemble, there is a two-story brick building, in which only 
 music and art are taught. The thirty-one bound volumes, contributed 
 by the Holy Angels’ School, were ii delight to the experienced teacher’s 
 eye; from cover to cover, each of them was a model of excellent work. 
 Six volumes contained arithmetic, and very thoroughly must it have 
 been taught in class to give the pupils such perfect confidence when per¬ 
 forming their written work. We may state the same regarding the five 
 volumes of catechism and Bible History, the four volumes of United 
 States history and geography, also the four ot language and spelling. 
 
 will give the well-informed reader an idea of the advancement of the art 
 students of the Holy Angels’ School, for instance: “Dashing Waves,” 
 “Vision of Angels,” “Italian Boy,” “A Hunting Scene,” “A Marine 
 Scene,” “A Church in England,” "The Old Barn,” "A Boat Scene,” “A 
 Study of the Human Head,” “A Study of Dogs,” “Italian Boy and 
 Girl ” “A Study'of Birds” and “A Fancy, Faith”’ these were painted by 
 members of the seventh and the eighth grades. “A Study of Roses,” 
 -An Autumn Scene,” “Two Pets,” “A Landscape,” “A Study of Horses,” 
 “The Quiet Hour,” “A Still-life Study,” “The Day’s Work Is Done,” “A 
 Group of Warblers," “A Study of the Human Head,” “The Madonna.” 
 “A Study of Cats,” “A Shepherd Boy,” “The Spring Time Idyl” and “A 
 Study of Fruit,” these were painted by members of the fifth and sixth 
 
 
 
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 ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO. 
 
 (ALCOVE no] 56.) EXHIBITS OF HOLY ANGELS’ ACADEMY; ST. PATRICK’S SCHOOL, MEMPHIS, TENN. 
 
 Four volumes showed the gradual improvement in penmanship, until 
 ability had been acquired to do the beautiful ornamental work shown on 
 title pages or in headings, and the exquisitely artistic pen work shown 
 in the three volumes of pen and ink sketches. The pupils’ really ad¬ 
 mirable work in drawing was displayed in three volumes of “Drawings 
 from the Flat” and three of “Drawings from Casts.” The volume of 
 maps contained work of various degrees of excellence, all of it giving 
 evidence of the benefit gained by “drawing from fiats.” A volume of 
 miscellaneous eighth grade work was the best test of the general 
 knowledge of that grade, and the members stood it well. 
 
 The wall display comprised nine large maps: —Two of Europe, one 
 of Italy, one of Africa, two of Illinois and three of South America, also 
 thirty-four pieces from the art department. The names of these pieces 
 
 grades. Some of these pictures were executed in oil, some in pastel, 
 others in black crayon and charcoal; many in pencil and pen-work. 
 The reader will find these pictures represented in our illustration of 
 alcove 56, where the greater part of the exhibits from Holy Angels’ 
 School appeared. 
 
 At the right in our illustration of alcove 70, is the banneret bearing 
 the name of the school and indicating the location of a few of its 
 exhibits. Each institution, exhibiting in the Chicago department, had 
 one of these bright bits of painted or embroidered silk, ornamented 
 with golden fringe and cords and tassels, as a sign or emblem of its 
 rank and to indicate its position. 
 
 St. Patrick’s School, South Chicago, under the direction of Reverend 
 M. Van de Laar, is taught by the Sisters of Mercy, from St. Xavier’s 
 
 104 
 
Convent and has an enrollment of three hundred and thirty pupils. The 
 grammar school department contributed to the exhibit fourteen volumes 
 and the high school seven volumes; the former contained excellent 
 papers on Christian Doctrine, spelling, language, number work, gram¬ 
 mar, physiology, arithmetic, geography and composition, also history 
 and drawing. A volume of eighth grade work showed its compilers to 
 be well worthy of promotion to the high school, which presented three 
 volumes of beautiful class work, a volume of drawing, a volume of his¬ 
 torical sketches, a volume of delightful physiological illustrations, in 
 colors and a volume of almost faultless map drawing. 
 
 The wall display consisted of a tinted map of Illinois, a tinted map of 
 North America and seven product maps, the outlines of the countries 
 being drawn on thin silk cushions of various colors, to each of which 
 were attached small white silk bags containing certain products of the 
 country represented. These pieces were neat, pretty and unique. The 
 wall Avas still further decorated with pen sketches: “The Flower Girl,” 
 “A Child at Prayer,” “His Last Friends” and “The Patriarch,” also with 
 maps of Ireland and of Bunker Hill. 
 
 The pen sketches were a feature of the various exhibits from the 
 schools of the Sisters of Mercy; a very handsome feature, since the work 
 Avas invariably well executed and the subjects chosen with rare taste 
 and with good judgment as to appropriateness. 
 
 The entire exhibit from St, Patrick’s waspraiseworthy, the eighth 
 grade work and the high school papers being especially meritorious. 
 Besides the solid attainments that they evinced, they displayed exquisite 
 taste in the decorations of the title pages and in the illustrations that ac¬ 
 companied the compositions. The ornamental pen-printing and the 
 pretty pen and ink designs were much admired. 
 
 St. Gabriel’s School, in charge of the Sisters of Mercy and under the 
 supervision of Rev. M. .J. Dorney, was established in September, 1881. 
 It comprises a primary and a grammar department and has an attend¬ 
 ance of six hundred pupils, who are accommodated in ten rooms. 
 
 The exhibit from St. Gabriel’s included thirty-two volumes of class 
 exercises, bearing the unmistakable characteristics of work accomplished 
 by pupils instructed and trained by the Sisters of Mercy from St. 
 Xavier’s Academy. Beautiful penmanship and correct expression were 
 common to all papers found in the Catholic exhibit; appropriate illus¬ 
 trations, too, were found in the greater number of the volumes; a cer¬ 
 tain artistic style of designing, coloring and arranging the illustrations 
 and decorations of the various papers characterized the productions 
 of the pupils of the Sisters of Mercy, making many of their parish 
 school papers Avorthy of an academic origin. 
 
 One of the volumes contributed by St. Gabriel’s contained the Avork 
 of the first grade, and, though grave doubts Avere entertained, at the 
 various meetings of Chicago’s religious teachers, as to the advisability 
 of exhibiting first grade Avork, these tots of St. Gabriel’s manfully held 
 their oavu in making a display of number work, language and spelling. 
 The second grade and third grade pupils had filled five volumes, with 
 excellent papers on the branches suitable to those grades, but there 
 Avas visible in them many a pretty touch, dictated by a trained taste 
 that is not often found in such work. The fourth, fifth and sixth 
 grades shoAved, in five well filled volumes, that they Avere not in¬ 
 ferior, in application, to their little companions; the fruits of their dili¬ 
 gence Avere clearly visible in the prettily Avritten and correctly expressed 
 papers on arithmetic, grammar, geography and all the other useful sub¬ 
 jects that come Avithin the capacity of those grades. The seventh and 
 eighth grades, as beseemed their dignity as highest in the school, had 
 filled tAvelve volumes Avith daily exercises and monthly examinations 
 that honored them and their school. The usual grammar grade subjects 
 were treated of in the usual “Catholic Exhibit” style of accuracy and 
 thoroughness. An eighth grade volume of physiology Avas one of the 
 gems of this display; the others were the five volumes of drawings 
 from all the grades, even the first, and the volume of prettily drawn 
 maps, the Avork of the fourth and fifth grades. Two large folios con¬ 
 tained the beautiful specimens of map drawing contributed by the higher 
 grades. These classes presented, also, a number of framed maps:—Two 
 of Europe, one of Africa, one of North America, one of South America 
 and one of the Hemispheres. Much larger and much more handsomely 
 framed were the following, also much prettier, as they Avere tinted :— 
 Illinois, United States, North America, British Isles and Italy. The 
 various “War Campaigns” were presented as a handsome piece of eighth 
 grade Avork. Besides the maps, the Avail display comprised a landscape 
 
 in oil, a landscape in crayon, a portrait in crayon and tAVO scenes from 
 nature in pencil drawing. The pen-work included four portraits and 
 three fancy pictures. 
 
 St. Agnes is the patroness of tAVO of Chicago’s schools, one in the 
 Holy Family parish and one attached to the Church of St. Agnes. It 
 is of the latter that we are about to Avrite. It is taught by Sisters of 
 Mfirey under the supervision of Rev. J. A. Hemlock. The late Rev. M. J. 
 Horgan established it in 1884. The average attendance is three hundred 
 and fifty pupils. 
 
 The exhibit presented the excellent features common to works from 
 “Mercy Schools.” Two volumes of seventh and eighth grade work 
 were found to lie filled with well written and interesting papers, wherein 
 grammar, history and geography Avere intelligently treated of, the prob¬ 
 lems of arithmetic carefully solved and written out, with due regard to 
 good methods, and physiology was prettily illustrated. The Christian 
 Doctrine, including catechism and Bible History, Avas presented, as 
 though the Avriting and arranging of it had been a labor of love. A 
 volume of large maps showed the usual skill and good taste, Avhile the 
 volume of “ornamental penmanship and maps” surpassed all the others, 
 in attractive features. Framed in white and goid for the ornamentation 
 of the alcove Avails, Avere beautifully tinted maps of Europe, Asia, Africa, 
 tAvo of South America, tAvo of Middle Atlantic States and one of Mexico, 
 also one of Illinois. 
 
 An interesting and unique volume comprised class Avork accom¬ 
 plished by a girl born without hands. Hoav much more wisdom and 
 patience Avent to the training of this good child than the greater number 
 of us possess! All honor to those Avho Avere able to assist her. 
 
 The Cathedral Schools of the Holy Name are under the spiritual 
 direction of the Reverend Rector of the Cathedral, or of one of his 
 assistants, if appointed by him. The boys’ school of the Holy Name, 
 established in 18S4, is taught by the Brothers of St. Viateur ; the girls’ 
 school, also dedicated to the Holy Name, Avas established in I860, and 
 is taught by Religious of the Sacred Heart. Both buildings are in 
 the immediate vicinity of the Cathedral, hence their location is most 
 desirable, and as the structures are commodious, Avith good-sized play¬ 
 grounds, the pupils are not croAvded, as might lie expected in a school 
 so well located in a large city like Chicago. 
 
 A glance at our illustration of alcove 70, will show Iioav the exhibits 
 from these schools Avere placed. Bannerets indicated the part of the al¬ 
 cove occupied by the bound A-olumes from the primary and the grammar 
 departments of the boys’ school and from the eight grades of the girls’ 
 school. The papers from the boys’ school were Avell Avritten; the pen¬ 
 manship Avas*good; the expression of the answers to the written ques¬ 
 tions Avas correct, grammatical and satisfactory. The subjects were 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, geography, United States 
 history, spelling, dictation and composition. 
 
 The selections made in framing questions Avere such as to draw out 
 the pupil’s best information, but gmng him no chance to be mechanical. 
 The questions in catechism Avere very carefully expressed; in grammar 
 such subjects as irregular verbs and their conjugation, infinitive phrases 
 and their uses Avere assigned. In United States history, the field was Avide 
 but Avell surveyed. The geography Avas arranged in columns, for name 
 of country or state, and its features, natural, physical and political. The 
 task in arithmetic required the solution of problems in interest, in bal¬ 
 ancing accounts and in simple and compound proportion. Physiology, 
 begun in the seventh grade, was illustrated with some simple draAvings 
 in purple ink. The volumes from the girls’ school were ornamented 
 with some pretty pen work ; each title page and the headings of pages, 
 essays and chapters Avere inscribed in black and silver pen-printing. The 
 compositions, also the essays on religious subjects Avere, in many ex¬ 
 hibits, beautifully decorated, Avith pen and pencil draAvings of crosses 
 hearts, chalices, crowns, tiaras, mitres and crosiers. The papers from 
 the Holy Name Schools Avere not wanting in these devotional and sug¬ 
 gestive ornamentations. The girls’ school contributed several wall 
 pieces as followsA map of Spain and Portugal, plain, but neat and 
 correct ; a map of Illinois had painted for its background an imitation 
 curtain of white and broAvn, looped Avith cord and tassels of crimson 
 and gold. A drawing framed in gilt, represented the skull, the brain 
 and the medulla oblongata, and Avas pretty and correct. An outline 
 map of Palestine, sboAving in pencil drawing; the journeys of our Lord, 
 also a prettily decorated map of Spain, added to the decoration of the 
 Avails of the alcove. 
 
Here it may be well to make some general remarks on features com¬ 
 mon to the various displays in the Chicago department. 
 
 Christian Doctrine was almost invariably illustrated with drawings 
 of the sacred symbols mentioned above, or with pen and ink sketches of 
 pictures from Bible History, also with pen portraits of our Lord and His 
 Blessed Mother. Arithmetic and algebra had, in all the volumes, the 
 orderly arrangement:—“Statement, operation, explanation,” or “prob¬ 
 lem, solution, analysis.” The grading in arithmetic was as follows:— 
 Easy practical and mental examples under the fundamental rules and in 
 parts of numbers for first and second primary grades; fractions and 
 difficult problems under the fundamental rules for third and fourth 
 grades; percentage, interest and mensuration for the grammar grades; 
 mensuration was always beautifully illustrated with drawings in colors. 
 The high school grades presented algebra and geometry, and the work 
 was in all cases most beautiful in appearance. In fact, the methods of 
 teaching mathematics were, without exception, the latest and best, yet 
 the teachers, under whose direction these papers were prepared, belong 
 to at least twelve different religious orders. What is stated regarding 
 mathematics may be stated of all branches of common school and aca¬ 
 demic study. In grammar, analysis and parsing by diagram, defini¬ 
 tions of grammatical terms and discussion of grammatical difficulties 
 proved that this important branch was universally well taught. Still 
 better proof of the fact was to be found in the compositions and essays. 
 Not only did these show excellence in grammar and in sentiment, but 
 they were, invariably, ornmented with pretty borders and headings, be¬ 
 sides being illustrated with pen sketches and pencil drawings; some 
 were beautifully written, others were pen-printed. Throughout the en¬ 
 tire Catholic Educational Exhibit, it was evident that original composi¬ 
 tion had received very special and effective attention. The spelling ex¬ 
 ercises presented columns of words of varied difficulty, according to the 
 grade, but always with the word syllabized, the accent marked and the 
 diacritical marks placed over the vowels. Dictation exercises likewise 
 showed good spelling. History was always illustrated with maps, with 
 pen portraits of notable personages and with plans of battle-fields, also 
 with drawings of gun-boats, of ships of war and of forts, with flags fly¬ 
 ing. The greater .part of this pen-work was done with colored inks 
 which added greatly to its fine appearance. The natural and physical 
 sciences were profusely illustrated with colored drawings. The pen¬ 
 manship was universally good, often beautiful and sometimes exquisite. 
 
 To resume our comments on the Holy Name exhibits, in the fancy 
 work display was a large allium containing {Specimens of a great variety 
 of needle-work; many different patterns and stitches were shown from 
 the simplest to the most elaborate. Besides these small specimens of 
 work, there were several large pieces that showed much skill and taste, 
 such as a white linen table cover embroidered, a white flannel shawl 
 embroidered with white, a blue flannel sacque embroidered with white 
 and a similar sacque embroidered after a daisy pattern. Besides these 
 large pieces, there was a pin-cushion, a toilet set, a table center-piece and 
 a photograph case. The crochet work comprised a silk hood, a zephyr 
 sacque, zephyr shirts, slippers and cincture and a scrim apron. 
 
 The Holy Family Schools, five of them in number, are “The Holy 
 Family School,” “The Sacred Heart School,” “St. Aloysius’ School,” 
 “St. Agnes’ School,” “St. Joseph’s School” and “Guardian Angel 
 School.” All are attached to the Jesuit Church, the Church of “The 
 Holy Family,” and are most efficiently superintended by the Jesuit 
 Fathers. 
 
 The Sacred Heart School has been in existence the longest, having 
 been established on Wabash Avenue, in 185S ; soon after, it was trans¬ 
 ferred to another location, and, finally, was opened, as the “Seminary of 
 the Sacred Heart,” in its present position on West Taylor St. On the 
 first Monday in September, 1860, it began its loving mission to the little 
 ones of the church, by receiving three hundred pupils. In 187.8, nine 
 hundred and fifty pupils were enrolled, and so many others applied for 
 admission that it was resolved to erect additional schools for girls in the 
 parish. Such was the origin of some of the above named schools. 
 
 The present Sacred Heart building contains a sodality hall, eleven 
 class rooms, two libraries, a large play-room, an office and a spacious 
 concert hall. An attendance of seven or eight hundred children is cer¬ 
 tainly encouraging, when we consider that there are other schools in the 
 same parish. This institution is in charge of the Religious of the Sacred 
 Heart, under whose supervision the pupils prepared for the great Fair 
 a very admirable exhibit, comprising thirty-one volumes of bound 
 
 papers on the studies of the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and 
 eighth grades. Above the exhibit were two banners of celluloid with 
 a border of red plush ; on the celluloid of one was inscribed the name 
 of the parish, and on that of the other the name of the school. One 
 of these banners can be seen in our illustration. Besides the thirty-one 
 volumes of grade work, there were, from the Sacred Heart School, three 
 volumes of map-drawing, two volumes of drawing, one portfolio of 
 drawing from objects, two volumes of kindergarten work and two 
 containing specimens of sewing. A volume of maps showed speci¬ 
 mens that were rendered very attractive, by being drawn on 
 paper of various colors. On each sheet of paper w r as traced 
 an elaborate scroll, and on this was drawn the map in pen-work, 
 with ink of various colors. The corners of each page were decorated 
 with pen-drawings of flowers. In addition to this beautiful work, each 
 map was accompanied by a written description of the locality repre¬ 
 sented, each description was ornamented with pen-drawings of speci¬ 
 mens of the vegetable and animal life of the region under consideration. 
 In a grade volume on geography were several small maps, each drawn 
 on a scroll, the scrolls differing in shape, color and ornamentation. 
 They were charmingly decorated. 
 
 The eighth grade work was particularly attractive, because of its 
 accuracy and its ornamentation. The United States history papers had 
 wide margins ruled off with double lines of red and of green, and each 
 subject was illustrated with pen sketches in colored ink. The names of 
 our great generals were arranged on a prettily drawn ladder, each name 
 placed according to rank and fame. Every page of the eighth grade 
 work had its peculiar decorations of corners and margins; in this one 
 volume there were not fewer than a hundred different designs for 
 ornamenting the pages on which the grade work was written. 
 
 The volume titled “Language,” and containing eighth grade compo¬ 
 sition work, in grammar, rhetoric and literature, was as artistic as an 
 album from the art department. The Christian Doctrine papers were 
 objects of beauty, “a joy forever,” with their dainty symbols and sacred 
 pictures, pen work of the most delicate and skillful kind ; the lessons 
 were written on scrolls of every conceivable shape; these were drawn 
 and shaded in colors. All the grade work, including that of the third 
 grade, was similarly prepared, only in that from the younger pupils, the 
 decorations were not quite so elaborate. In addition to the charming 
 ornamental work, there was a very extensive use made of illustrations, 
 in all the branches that required or admitted them. The wall display 
 included a large, handsomely framed picture of the school building, the 
 work of one of the pupils, (this can be quite clearly seen in our illustra¬ 
 tion) and a chart of the “Oceanic Currents,” in colors : the land, brown; 
 the coast lines, black; the ocean, green; the currents, blue. Another 
 chart showed “Drainage Basins” and “Winds”; besides the pretty colored 
 lines, illustrating these two subjects, there were, on the margins of the 
 piece, pretty drawings of garlands of leaves and sheaves of wheat, while 
 on the ocean was a ship with the United States colors flying. A char¬ 
 coal drawing of the “Sacred Heart School in 1860 and in 1898” gave an 
 excellent idea of- the progress of said school in seven short years. A 
 fancy piece contained, in the upper right hand corner, a rustic cross in 
 shades of brown, and a small Spanish flag, with its staff resting on a 
 broken crescent, symbolic of Spain’s victory over the Moors; in the 
 upper left hand corner was a pen-sketch of the “Bridge of Alcantara,” 
 wreathed with flowers; on the margin, below this picture of the bridge, 
 was a pen sketch of the “Golden Tower of Seville”; the principal part of 
 the piece was a map of Spain and Portugal, in pale tints ; this map was 
 surrounded by garlands of flowers and wreaths of grape-vine in pen 
 work. Another fancy piece was a boat on the sea; the sails were spread, 
 and the pennant floating in the wind bore the inscription, “Genoese 
 Navigators”; the boat was represented in shades of red and brown; on 
 the sail was a map of Italy, a spray of flowers at one side and a guitar 
 at the other to signify, no doubt, “The Land of Flowers and Song.” 
 The aim of the piece was to honor Columbus, the Prince of “Genoese 
 Navigators.” 
 
 A very pretty contribution, valued for its practical lesson and for its 
 dainty symbolism, was a map of “The British Isles,” in which Ireland, 
 represented in green, rested on a large golden harp; Scotland (in blue) 
 rested on a banner decorated with blue-bells and England (in red) rested 
 on a spray of red and white roses. In the corners of this pretty piece 
 were pen sketches of “Dryburgh Abbey,” emblematic of Scotch history 
 and literature, “Kenilworth Abbey,” emblematic of English history, and 
 
 106 
 
the “Giant’s Causeway,” emblematic of Irish history; drawings of 
 towers and mills, in token of the life and industry of the inhabitants, 
 graced the margins of this interesting specimen of pen work and of geo¬ 
 graphical information. What a graceful interest and powerful attraction 
 is given to an education imparted in such a manner, ever combining, 
 as God does, the useful and the beautiful. The frame of this map was 
 made by the pupil, or at least decorated by her; it was constructed of 
 unpainted wood; this had been covered with green plush, and at various 
 places on the plush \y.ere fastened small pieces of white celluloid, on 
 each of these was a tiny pen-sketch of flowers and other objects of na¬ 
 ture and of art. Another pupil had made a similar frame of red plush; 
 it enclosed an outline map of Illinois, surrounded by pen sketches of 
 Fort Dearborn, of the monuments in Lincoln Park and of the Chicago 
 grain-elevators, also by drawings of wheat, oats and oak trees. In one 
 corner of this piece was a plan of the city of Chicago, drawn in black 
 and silver; an Egyptian border in black and gold surrounded the 
 whole. 
 
 The needle-work display presented a handsome counterpane, made 
 by the Aquinas Class, a handsome rug made by one pupil, and by 
 another, an elegant lace bed-spread; a third contributed a pair of lace 
 pillow shams, worthy to grace the same bed as the spread, and several 
 busy workers gave many yards of narrow lace intended for trimming. 
 Two linen cinctures, such as are used by the priests in celebrating Mass, 
 were a credit to the young fingers that twined the cords together so 
 skillfully; a burse, a rabato and a stole are objects seldom made by 
 any but religious, the little ladies, who were permitted to manufacture 
 them, were proud, we have no doubt, of the privilege, as well 
 as of the neat work. Eight card-board and four celluloid boxes, made 
 and ornamented by little juniors, were very pretty and displayed neat 
 work and good taste. The cultivation of the latter is not the least bene¬ 
 fit arising from the performance of such work. Two photograph cases 
 and a whisk-broom holder were also pretty, tasteful pieces. The crochet 
 work comprised three pairs of slippers, three skirts, two shawls, one 
 pair of mittens, one hood and three tidies. It is needless to state that 
 the needle-work was worthy of its place in this very satisfactory ex¬ 
 hibit. 
 
 Certainly the Religious of the Sacred Heart were honored by the 
 successful efforts of their parochial school children. 
 
 The school ranking next in age is the one bearing the same name 
 as the church, the “Holy Family School.” This was built in 1864. 
 It contains sixteen large class rooms and a large exhibition hall, 
 frescoed in oil colors and supplied with excellent scenery for the 
 stage. The playgrounds are spacious,—statuary and flowers ren¬ 
 der them beautiful and attractive. There is an average attendance at 
 this school of one thousand boys. The grammar grades and commercial 
 classes are supplemented by classes in typewriting and printing. The 
 pupils are taught by lay teachers, under the direction of a Jesuit Brother. 
 At the time of the great Exposition, the school was in charge of the well 
 known, much lamented, late Brother O’Neil, S. J. 
 
 The exhibit comprised eighty-seven volumes of superior papers on 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, mensuration, grammar, geography, his¬ 
 tory, civil government, typewriting, book-keeping, orthography, penman¬ 
 ship, language, current topics, commercial law, map-drawing, natural 
 philosophy, physiology, phonography, type-setting, printing and composi¬ 
 tion. 
 
 “St. Aloysius’ School for Girls,” one of this group, was established in 
 1869 and thus ranks third in age. It is the residence of the Sisters of 
 Charity, B. V. M., who teach this and the remaining three schools of the 
 Holy Family parish. Its course of study admits of primary, grammar 
 and academic or high school grades and opportunities for learning 
 vocal and instrumental music. 
 
 The exhibit consisted of eleven volumes of bound grade work: a vol¬ 
 ume for each of the eight grades, one of special academic work, one of 
 special work from the graduates and one of special work from the eighth 
 grade, also three volumes of music, a folio of studies in form and color 
 and an album of special selections. The primary work of this school 
 was remarkably excellent. It is not intended to depreciate, by this 
 remark, the work of the higher grades, which were, in all particulars, 
 up to the standard established by the Catholic Educational Exhibit, as a 
 whole, a high standard and one we were proud to find reached by so 
 many of the twelve hundred schools represented in it. Some of the 
 pretty features of the various bound papers were as follows:—In the 
 
 fourth grade volume was a “Chart of Chicago as a Commercial Center,” 
 —red lines indicated the routes from New York. St. Louis. San Fran¬ 
 cisco and a large number of other important cities, terminating in 
 Chicago, which was well represented by a map or plan of its streets. In 
 the seventh grade volume was a description of the school, pen-printed in 
 red and black, also a paper on “The Knights of Malta, ” decorated with a 
 Maltese cross in silver and another paper on “The Land of the Crescent,” 
 ornamented with a golden crescent. In this same volume was a list of 
 “The Battles of the Revolutionary War,” the name of one battle and its 
 date had been written by each member of the grade, until all had been 
 mentioned. The several names having been inscribed with ink of vari¬ 
 ous colors, the list assumed a very pretty appearance, that attracted to it 
 the gaze of every one who opened the book. The eighth grade volume 
 presented many very pretty features; fust a composition on “Hope,” 
 pen-printed, alternate lines in black and in gold and ornamented 
 with a gold cross and a gold anchor, symbols of hope, religious and 
 natural. The Christian Doctrine papers in this volume had beautiful 
 headings,—the names of the Sacraments, for example, were inscribed in 
 purple and gold. A map of “The Mexican War” was remarkably well 
 conceived and carefully executed. “From Chicago to the Sea” was a 
 very fine piece of pen work. An interesting and very pretty paper pre¬ 
 sented the principal events of the Civil War and the names of the Confed¬ 
 erate generals printed in gold; these were accompanied by pen-portraits 
 and brief biographical sketches of each. The literature papers were 
 illustrated by a scheme in which a number of circles, concentric, inter¬ 
 secting and tangent bore the names and showed by their positions the 
 rank of American authors. There were also photographs and written or 
 pen-printed biographical sketches of Longfellow, Bryant, Holmes, 
 Whittier, Hawthorne, Emerson, E. A. Poe and others, accompanied by 
 quotations from their works, pen-printed in red and gold. 
 
 The physiology papers were beautifully printed and daintily illus¬ 
 trated : the eye in purple, the heart red and blue, the lungs red and black, 
 with the descriptions printed in red, green, blue, gold and silver. Sev¬ 
 eral of the papers were ornamented with pictures of sacred subjects, these 
 were surrounded by decorations in pen work and brush work of many 
 colors. The description of each of these pictures was pen-printed, in 
 colors and in gold, with fancy lettering. Botany was illustrated with a 
 profusion of pictures in green. Colored pen pictures illustrated the na¬ 
 tural philosophy and the physical geography; the latter having the 
 papers on such subjects as tides, currents and winds accompanied by 
 pictures and maps. The ancient history papers presented exquisite pen- 
 drawn maps. All the natural and physical sciences were illustrated with 
 a profusion of beautiful colored pictures, natural philosophy having 
 water wheels, mirrors, lenses and various other objects, difficult to ex¬ 
 plain, made clear in this way, while the teaching of astronomy, which is 
 far more difficult, because the understanding of it depends more on the 
 imagination than on the judgment, was greatly promoted by the draw¬ 
 ings that illustrated eclipses, phases of the moon, change of seasons, suc¬ 
 cession of day and night and many other important facts of the science. 
 The thick volume of “Academic Work” had beautiful title pages, head¬ 
 ings and index in fancy printing, in colors. The natural and physical 
 sciences were illustrated with pen sketches. The history had maps, and 
 one volume of it contained “Sherman’s March Through North Carolina,” 
 “Through South Carolina,” “Through Georgia.” each subject had been 
 written on by a different pupil who had also given a pen picture or 
 drawing of the scene. A volume of maps of “Battle-fields of the Civil 
 War,” was very interesting. An exercise headed “The Maxims of St. 
 Francis,” and pertaining to both religion and literature, was rendered 
 beautiful, aside from its pious and its literary interest, by the exquisite 
 style of its decorations and of its pen-printed, ornamental lettering. 
 
 The three large volumes of musical exercises contained reproduc¬ 
 tions, transpositions, copies and originals, also an essay on “The Origin 
 and Development of Music.” This was subdivided, by headings or 
 topics, printed in red and bearing the following titles: —“Origin,” “Two 
 Periods,” “Church Influence on Music,” “The Written Language of 
 Music,” “St. Ambrose and Music,” “St. Gregory and Music,” “A Hymn 
 to St. John,” “Time, Decision and Harmony.” A volume on “Classical 
 Music” contained a collection of quotations regarding music, written from 
 memory, under the borrowed title, “Musical Mosaics,” also a photograph 
 of Von Weber, which was decorated with beautiful designs, in purple 
 and gold and accompanied by a sketch of his life, paragraphed, each 
 topic indicated in red ink as follows: “Born in 1786,” “Conductor and 
 
 107 
 
and Chapel Master,” “Brilliant Career,” “Romantic School,” “Weber’s 
 Style of Composition,” “Death in 1826.” A photograph ol Bach was ac¬ 
 companied by a biographical sketch under the heading, written in orna¬ 
 mental letters, “King of the Orchestra.” Decorating this title, was painted 
 a golden ribbon prettily looped, with its tasseled ends hanging gracefully 
 at each side of the inscription. Various questions and answers, relating 
 to music, illustrations and motives from a number of the famous musi¬ 
 cal composers, also discussions regarding oratorios,,operas and masses fill 
 the other two volumes. Two particularly beautiful pieces in the musical 
 collection were the “Ave Maria,” transcribed in golden notes, and the life 
 of St. Cecilia, beautifully illustrated. The several papers in these vol¬ 
 umes were ornamented with drawings of the various stringed instru¬ 
 ments, also of pianos and organs. 
 
 The album named “Miscellaneous Selections” was dedicated, in a few 
 well chosen words, to His Grace of Chicago; it contained photographs of 
 distinguished clergymen connected with the history and the working of 
 the school. Ten poems, each in a different style of pen printing, were 
 decorated very prettily with water-colors and made a handsome addi¬ 
 tion to the volume, as did, also, the three large astronomical charts of 
 the constellations-drawn in gold on a blue ground. 
 
 The wall display of St. Alovsius’ School presented a large crayon 
 portrait of Queen Isabella, which may be seen represented in our illus¬ 
 tration of alcove 70. A map of “The Voyages of Columbus, ” in shades 
 of brown, rich and elegant, also a map of “The Territorial Develop¬ 
 ments,” a very pretty piece in tints, added to the impressiveness of the 
 wall exhibit. The needle-work included an embroidered work-bag of 
 silk, very elegant in design ; a picture drape, rich and handsome; a 
 pretty sewing bag and two dainty sofa pillows, richly embroidered. An 
 extensive collection of “The Wild Flowers of California” was a friend’s 
 offering to the botanical display. 
 
 Further comment is not called for; the exhibit from St. Aloysius’ 
 speaks for itself, and we may pass on to the institution next in rank, 
 the “School of the Guardian Angel,” also one of the Holy Family 
 group. This, like the school whose work we have just finished com¬ 
 menting upon, is in charge of the Sisters of Charity, B. \ . M. It was 
 built in 1874, and is a primary school for girls and boys, having an at¬ 
 tendance of two hundred and forty. The grade work deserves the same 
 comments that have been made on the primary work of St. Aloysius’ 
 School. The exhibit consisted of one volume of exercises from first, 
 second and third grade boys, one volume from the girls of the same 
 grades and one volume of studies in form and color. Primary work, 
 all of it, but first-class work of its kind. 
 
 Now we turn to St. Joseph’s School, erected in 1878, a primary and 
 grammar school for boys and girls and conducted by the Sisters of 
 Charity, B. V. M. Three hundred and fifty pupils attend, in seven 
 rooms. The exhibit presented one volume from the first and second 
 grades of boys, one volume from third grade of boys, one volume from 
 fourth grade of boys; one volume from first grade of girls, one volume 
 from second and third grades of girls, one volume from fourth, fifth and 
 sixth grades of girls; one volume of studies of form and color. The 
 primary arithmetic was objective in its applications ; flags, crosses, bas¬ 
 kets and other objects easy for little ones to draw, were used in illustrat¬ 
 ing addition and subtraction. Very pretty work it was too, a page 
 filled with columns of tiny drawings, placed there by such tiny artists, 
 such youthful mathematicians, would certainly have been a pleasing 
 sight, even if the number of objects, cats or dogs, had not been cor¬ 
 rectly added. 
 
 “Parts of Numbers,” in the second and third grade work, were illus¬ 
 trated with colored disks, the drawing and the coloring as well as the 
 arithmetical operations were done by the pupils. These lessons had 
 been learned with the aid of pasteboard disks of various colors and they 
 were the models from which these little folks pictured the units with 
 red disks, half units with blue, quarter units with yellow, etc. With 
 the aid of picture, pasted or drawn at the top of his page, a colored pic¬ 
 ture, by preference, of course, each little student in the third grade 
 wrote his composition “for the Fair,” and a number of such composi¬ 
 tions, describing the chief beauties of the pictures, made an exceedingly 
 prettv volume and an edifying one, for it is not often that children of 
 such" tender years can apply their language lessons so exactly. 
 
 In all the volumes from the Holy Family Schools, the questions 
 were written in red and the answers in black, the contrast making it 
 easier for the hurried visitor to grasp the ideas and the information pre¬ 
 
 sented. All the papers were illustrated with pictures, particularly the 
 “Object Lessons,” which were decorated with the children’s drawings 
 of the rice-plant, the cotton-plant, the tea and the coffee shrubs, also 
 the fruits and the flowers of these. Work in mensuration and in com¬ 
 pound numbers had illustrations of surfaces, lines and solids drawn in 
 red, blue and green. Each geography and history paper was adorned 
 and made clear, by dainty little maps drawn with colored inks. 
 
 The work described above was prepared by the boys of St. Joseph’s 
 School. The girls were not deficient, we may 7 be sure, in the art of 
 making their work not only correct but pretty in appearance. They 
 displayed much taste and piety in the preparation of the Christian Doc¬ 
 trine papers. The Gifts of the Holy Ghost, the Precepts of the Church, 
 the Beatitudes and the Commandments were enumerated in ornamental 
 penmanship, each capital letter a bit of fine art in construction and in 
 coloring. The names of the books of the Bible were treated in the same 
 manner. The rosary was presented in a picture, drawn with colored 
 ink and with the various prayers prettily written near the bead or beads 
 upon which they are usually recited. 
 
 One of the papers was ornamented with a picture of Queen Isabella 
 in pen work with purple ink ; she was represented in the act ol offering 
 her jewels to Columbus, and her robes, as well as the drapery in the back¬ 
 ground, were very gracefully drawn, considering that the pen was the 
 young artist’s implement. An essay on the great queen followed the 
 picture. Another paper presented a pen port rait of President Cleveland, 
 followed by a sketch of his life, in which occurred the list of his cabinet 
 officers, each name pen printed in ornamental letters. A pen portrait 
 of Adelaide Proctor and biographical sketches of her, also quotations 
 from her poems, were contributed by the sixth grade, as their literature 
 work. 
 
 The United States history papers gave the names of the presidents and 
 dates of American wars. The physiology exercises presented drawings 
 of the heart and of the lungs. The arithmetic work had brick laying 
 and cubic measure illustrated with pretty drawings in red. Geography 
 was written out according to the brace system and illustrated with maps. 
 The studies in color and form were correct, neat and pretty. St. Joseph’s 
 certainly proved its right to belong to this group of excellent schools. 
 
 So, too, did St. Agnes’ which we will now consider. Erected in 1887, 
 it is the youngest of the group, and like the others, is in charge of the 
 Sisters of Charity, B. V. M. It has an attendance of three hundred and 
 fifty pupils. 
 
 The exhibit consisted of a volume of third grade work, a volume of 
 fourth, a volume of fifth and sixth combined, and a volume of 
 seventh grade work, also a volume of studies in form and color. The 
 bound work began with the third grade papers, the title page giving in¬ 
 formation, very 7 prettily, as to the name of the school, the teacher of 
 the third grade and as to the contents and purpose of the volume. The 
 catechism papers were supplemented by a biographical sketch of St. 
 Agnes, patroness of the school. The arithmetic work was very system¬ 
 atic. Spelling comprised exercises in the marking of accents, in the 
 proper placing of diacritical marks and in the correct forms of hom¬ 
 onyms. The compositions were neat, correct and interesting; one paper 
 on “Time” was ornamented with a blue picture of a clock, drawn by the 
 author of the composition, who went on to say in childish style, “how to 
 tell time.” “Memory Gems” and “The Right Use of Words” made ex¬ 
 cellent language exercises; one of the latter was a list of such words as 
 “bad” and “bade.” These were used in original sentences, which were 
 almost invariably correct. Geography had the land and the water divi¬ 
 sions defined and then pictured in colors. 
 
 The lower grades had compositions written about the picture that 
 accompanied each pupil’s work; this had been cut from some paper or 
 periodical. Very nice little letters were presented, each one accompanied 
 by the drawing of an envelope, showing where the stamp should be placed 
 and how the superscription should be written. In the fourth grade vol¬ 
 ume, the Christian Doctrine papers had pretty religious designs at the top 
 of each page. A musical, as well as reverent religious exercise was ‘ ‘The 
 Alphabet of the Saints.” In one of the papers, the “Cardinal Points” 
 were prettily illustrated by a -skillful diagram, drawn by one of the 
 pupils. All the papers were very satisfactory. 
 
 Thanks to the intelligent zeal of the Reverend clergy and religious 
 teachers in charge, the Holy Family parish had reason to be gratified 
 that their schools made such an excellent display. Their banneret can 
 be distinctly seen in our illustration of the main aisle. 
 
The Sacred Heart School fronting on West Eighteenth street is a 
 handsome four-story brick structure 50x100 feet. The departments, 
 male and female, are separated by spacious corridors running north and 
 south, bisecting the three upper doors. These divisions are in turn 
 trisected, thus making in each department nine large rooms. The 
 ground door is used for concert purposes, to which it is well adapted, 
 and is called St. Stanislaus’ Hall, the former name of the whole school. 
 
 The school originated in 1865, was given to the charge of the Sisters 
 of Charity of the B. V. M., in 1867, and transferred to its present 
 position in 1879. With an average attendance of nine hundred and 
 seventy-dve pupils graded in grammar, high school and commercial 
 departments and with such efficient teachers, it is not surprising that 
 
 Pen Sketches,’’by the minims; and “Work in Colors,” by the juniors. 
 The male department presented their grade work in eight volumes of 
 grammar school studies and two volumes of the academic branches. The 
 framed work from the boys’ classes was similar in kind and in subject to 
 that from the girls’ department, whether they were similar in skillful 
 treatment, it would not be prudent to say. A basket of clay modeling, 
 principally of fruit, was the work of the minims and reflected great 
 credit upon the wee ones, even if modeling be a “fad! ” 
 
 The Annunciation School is a frame building containing thirteen 
 class rooms and an assembly hall. Both boys and girls attend, to the 
 number of six hundred, and are taught by the Sisters of Charity of the 
 B. V. M., under the supervision of Rev. II. O’Gara McShane. The 
 
 
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 ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO. (ALCOVE NO. 72.) 
 
 the school did honor to its Rev. Director, Father M. -T. Corbett, S. J., in 
 the great educational exhibit. 
 
 The female department displayed its excellent grade work in eleven 
 volumes. It was a pleasure to turn the leaves of these books, to note 
 the countless commendable features that spoke so well for the methods 
 of the teachers and the co-operation of the pupils. 
 
 The description given of the written work from St. Aloysius’ and 
 St. Agnes’ schools would apply perfectly to the work from this institu¬ 
 tion. The teachers of the three being members of the same religious 
 order. The academic department of girls contributed three volumes of 
 grade work, one of music and one of maps. The framed pieces from the 
 girls’ school were maps of the “Grand Divisions,” “The Hemispheres,” 
 by the seniors; “Juvenile Pen Sketches,” by the juniors; “Juvenile 
 
 CLASS AND ART WORK OF PARISH SCHOOLS. 
 
 course embraces three departments, common school, commercial and 
 academic. Music is taught to those who desire it. Five volumes of the 
 boys’ class work, and ten of the girls’, besides a volume of musical ex¬ 
 ercises and seven volumes of examination papers, constituted the exhibit 
 from this institution. The volume of first grade work contained that 
 of both boys and girls, and showed some interesting contrasts. The 
 babes of the school did their simple tasks exceedingly well. Two 
 volumes of second grade papers, two of third grade and two of fourth 
 grade, gave evidence in favor of the methods of the primary teachers of 
 the school, and promised well for the future grammar grades. In fact, 
 the grammar grades of the time must have been doing very desirable 
 work in class, to present such excellent papers in the seven volumes 
 which they contributed. The one volume of academic work was founded 
 
 109 
 
on the excellent methods visible in the others, and was worthy of that 
 basis. The volume of maps and charts was filled with specimens of 
 carefully trained skill, of a practical nature, while the volume of musical 
 exercises manifested equal skill of another sort, and of an artistic nature. 
 It is the constant union of the practical and the artistic that renders our 
 parochial school training so refining in its influence. Large, hand¬ 
 somely framed maps of Spain, Italy and South America, the outlines 
 black, and the political divisions tinted, graced the wall of the alcove 
 where this exhibit appeared. Each map was decorated with comer 
 pieces and borders of pretty pen-work, representing flowers, fruits, . 
 vines, palm branches and clusters of leaves and nuts. Two large 
 frames enclosed a dozen, or more, each, of cards on which were mounted 
 carefully preserved botanical specimens. The seven volumes of examin¬ 
 ation, or test papers, were worthy of the pupils who prepared them, and 
 who were also the authors of the excellent class work already mentioned. 
 
 St. Bridget’s is the next school to claim our attention ; we were grati¬ 
 fied to find, in progressive Chicago, a school bearing a name so distinc¬ 
 tively Catholic and Irish, that the wonder is, so few institutions of the 
 kind receive it. Perhaps excessive reverence is the cause of the appar¬ 
 ent slight; surely, prejudice or scorn has nothing to do with causing it 
 to be disregarded, when a title is in demand. 
 
 St. Bridget’s School is attached to St. Bridget’s Church (all honor to 
 him who named it!), and is the dearest object of Rev. D. M. J. Dowling’s, 
 solicitude, not excepting the diocese of which he is vicar-general. 
 Here the Sisters of Charity of the B. V. M. have taught boys and girls, 
 in twelve class rooms, since 1S77, and here they aided in the prepara¬ 
 tion of the pleasing exhibit of fifteen volumes of grade work, seven from 
 the boys and eight from the girls. The grade volume presented de¬ 
 lightfully illustrated papers on arithmetic and reproduced object lessons. 
 The fifth grade collection contained, among many other good papers, a 
 particularly admirable one on the zones. The colored illustration of the 
 subject was very well executed. The papers of the seventh and eighth 
 grades were profusely, but not excessively illustrated, and were in every 
 way worthy of the trouble taken to make them clear, agreeable reading 
 matter. In the glass covered case were many samples of needle-work 
 displaying varied skill. The great patroness of Ireland was honored 
 by the exhibit made in her name. 
 
 St. Charles’ School has six rooms in which the Sisters of Charity of 
 the B. V. M. teach three hundred children. The school was established 
 in 1876, by the present pastor, Rev. P. D. Gill. The complete work, 
 class exercises and examination papers, of eight grades was exhibited 
 in seven volumes, the work of first and second grades being bound to¬ 
 gether in one volume. Each collection of papers was marked by the 
 same praiseworthy features that we have found distinguishing all the 
 work prepared under the supervision of this excellent body of educators. 
 A volume of map drawing contained many very pleasing specimens of 
 that kind of work. A map of the world, a difficult subject, was clearly 
 drawn, as was the map in colors of “The Routes Taken by Columbus” 
 in his voyages, and a chart in blue and white of “The River Systems of 
 the United States.” A number of small maps, pretty and correct, were 
 drawn in white on a blue ground, and in blue on a white ground. 
 From this pretty little exhibit, we now turn to one far more extensive. 
 
 St. Pius’ Schools, one for boys and one for girls, were the next to 
 claim our pleased attention, which had been repeatedly attracted in the 
 direction of their exhibits by the unique wall display. 
 
 St. Pius’ School for boys was established in 1875, by Rev. H. 
 McGuire. At one time, the school included the girls, but, in 1877, 
 Rev. F. S. Henneberry erected a separate structure for the girls. The 
 buildings, of red pressed brick, are four stories high, and are fitted out 
 with everything conducive to physical comfort and intellectual advance¬ 
 ment. Besides the usual grammar grades, there is a high school depart¬ 
 ment and the course includes vocal and instrumental music for those 
 having talent and a desire to develop it. Both schools are taught by the Sis¬ 
 ters of Charity of the B. A'. M., under the supervision of Rev. F. S. 
 Henneberry, with an attendance of four hundred and fifty boys and 
 five hundred and fifty girls. The boys contributed to the exhibit fifteen 
 volumes of grammar grade work only, and the girls presented forty 
 volumes, including high school work, as well as that of the grammar 
 grades. The girls had prepared four volumes of musical exercises, of a 
 varied character, which were given an honored place among the sober- 
 minded volumes on Christian Doctrine, mathematics, language, history 
 and composition. The multitudes of papers contained in fifty-five vol¬ 
 
 umes were worthy of the close examination given them and well repaid 
 the trouble, for each presented the characteristics so desirable in such 
 work, prepared for such an occasion. The specimens of daily class 
 exercises, however, showed that the excellence ol the various papers 
 was usual, not merely peculiar fo work for the occasion. Practical illus¬ 
 trations were common to the work of both boys and girls, and were 
 especially profuse in the primary papers of both schools. 
 
 The forty volumes of papers from the girls included two of the first 
 grade work, four of the second grade, three of the third, three of the 
 fourth, three of the fifth, four of the sixth, four of the seventh, six of 
 the eighth, three of the high school (1st and 2d years), two of essays, 
 one of book-keeping, one of miscellaneous exercises, one of geographical 
 maps from each of the grammar school grades above the third, and one 
 of historical maps by the eighth grade. Besides these, there were four 
 volumes of music, three of drawing, one of kindergarten and one of 
 color work. 
 
 From the girls’ school there were twenty-nine pieces of framed work. 
 One drawing of the school building, fourteen maps and fourteen expla¬ 
 nations of maps. The beautifully drawn and tastefully colored geo¬ 
 graphical maps were: “North America,” “South America,” “Africa,” 
 “Illinois,” “Cuba,” “Ireland,” and “Italy”; the historical were:—“The 
 Mexican War,” “The Peninsular Campaign,” “The Vicinity of Vicks¬ 
 burg,” “The Vicinity of Gettysburg,” “Grant’s Campaign around Rich¬ 
 mond,” “The Battle of Mobile Bay,” and “The Territorial Development 
 of the United States.” Each of these maps was beautified with deco¬ 
 rative borders and corners, and each of them was daintily tinted with 
 water colors. Even more beautiful were the descriptions. Each of 
 these was pen-printed in beautiful style in a rectangular space, in the 
 middle of a sheet equal in size to the map described; the wide margin 
 left around the space was filled with lovely designs in colors. These 
 designs were principally of a patriotic character, and chosen with a 
 view to suitability, in regard to the map explained, hence the decoration 
 of an historical map differed from that of a geographical map when the 
 subject was foreign, so that the entire set of fourteen maps, and their 
 explanations, presented a most admirable variety. Some of these pieces 
 maybe seen represented in our illustration of alcove 72, and of the main 
 aisle of the Chicago department, as several of them were attached to a 
 pillar that occupied a position in that aisle. These wall pieces would 
 have attracted less attention had their ornamentation been the work of 
 the brush; being the work of the pen, it awakened wonder, as well as 
 admiration. Two very tastefully decorated papers on musical subjects 
 were arranged in pamphlet form; one titled “A Story of Famous Musical 
 Composers” was ornamented with musical designs in gold and various 
 colors. The other, treating of a similar subject, was decorated with 
 pictures of the various stringed, and some of the wind instruments, 
 drawn with the pen, in green and gold, purple and gold, and brown 
 and gold. 
 
 It was pleasing to find that the boys had contributed fourteen pieces 
 of art and of decorative work to the wall display, for the boy who 
 spends a part of his time in producing such things will be refined and 
 ennobled by the pleasant employment. St. Pius’ boys presented the 
 following drawings in charcoal, some of them small and others quite 
 large:—“St. Pius V.,” “Columbus,” “Isabella,” “Washington,” “La Salle,” 
 “De Soto,” “The Home of Columbus’ Childhood,” “A Scene near His¬ 
 paniola,” “The Convent of La Rabida,”“The Ruins of Columbus’ Home 
 near Hispaniola,” “Columbus Appealing to Isabella,” “Genoa,” “The 
 Burning Mountain,” and “The Room in which Columbus died.” 
 
 This display, both the written work and the wall pieces, must have 
 been highly gratifying to parents and friends having personal interest 
 in St. Pius’ boys and girls. 
 
 The School of the Nativity, in charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph, 
 made a display of class exercises and examination papers that must 
 have been a faithful portrayal of the ordinary, every-day methods fol¬ 
 lowed by the pupils, under the directions of their well-known efficient 
 teachers, because the work was dated “1892” and “1893.” Each grade 
 was represented by a volume for each of those years; these volumes, 
 with two of drawing, one of penmanship and two of map-drawing, con¬ 
 stituted the exhibit from this school. The music class presented 
 eighteen dainty volumes of musical exercises, “theoretical and practical.” 
 The various papers, the maps and the drawings, all conferred honor on 
 the school, and must have afforded great satisfaction to the Rev. Pastor, 
 Father J. Cartan, and his devoted band of teachers. 
 
“St. Joseph’s Orphan Asylum for Boys,” in charge of the Sisters of 
 St. Joseph, is a large four-story brick building, situated on spacious 
 grounds and owned by the Chicago Diocese, being supported partly by 
 a monthly allowance from “The Diocesan Orphan Fund,” and partly 
 by contributions from the charitable public. Two hundred happy chil¬ 
 dren are here rendered the services and the affectionate training of 
 religious wo ,T >en, who by their gentle ministrations cause the little ones 
 to forget their sad deprivation of a parent’s care and love. That they 
 shall not also forget the parent is the sweet and earnest endeavor of the 
 Sisters, who keep the beloved faces and forms clear in the youthful 
 memory, by causing the little ones to pray daily for the dear departed 
 father and mother, that “perpetual light may shine upon them,” and 
 that they “may rest in peace.” 
 
 was founded in 1864, and incorporated in 1872, under the title already 
 mentioned. Five bound volumes contained the excellent grade work ol 
 these little orphaned pupils, arranged as follows:—Vol. 1., “Catechism”: 
 Vol. II., “Arithmetic”; Vol. III., “Grammar”; Vol. IV., “Geography 
 and United States’ History”; Vol. V., “Bible History and Physics.” 
 Three albums and one folio contained drawings, kindergarten work, 
 samples of lace and crochet, also of map-drawing. The fancy work was 
 rich and the articles numerous; the plain sewing excellent; a conclusive 
 evidence that these little girls had been trained to take care of them¬ 
 selves, when the flight of years should have brought them to the proper 
 age for departure from the loving care of the Sisters. 
 
 The needle-work was divided into classes, each class being a dis¬ 
 tinct variety. They were named and portrayed as follows:—Class A— 
 
 lND west from alcove 40 TO alcove 73. 
 
 NORTH AISLE RUNNING EAST 
 
 The boys of this institution presented neat, practical and well-ex- 
 pressed papers on catechism, arithmetic, grammar, geography, United 
 States history, Bible History and natural philosophy, also albums of 
 map-drawing, of crayon drawings and of kindergarten work. The 
 papers referred to above were bound, forming five large, handsome 
 volumes. 
 
 “St. Joseph’s Orphan Asylum for Girls” is also in charge of the Sis¬ 
 ters of St. Joseph, under the direction of the diocesan authorities. It is 
 a large structure of red brick, with brown stone trimmings, containing 
 forty-six rooms which accommodate two hundred and twenty-five little 
 girls. The spacious grounds are on the lake shore and are enclosed by 
 a brick wall of ornamental as well as solid construction. The institution 
 
 Art Needle Work: a pin cushion, embroidered with violets; a firescreen, 
 with Scotch thistles; a stand cover, with forget-me-nots, daisies and 
 violets; two center pieces, with pansies and with roses; three tray cloths, 
 with violets, wild roses, daisies and forget-me-nots; a bench cloth, roses, 
 buds and leaves; a doily, a wreath of roses and buds, ('lass B — 
 Spanish drawn lace: a set of doilies; Class C—Roman lace: a toilet 
 cushion; Class D—Mexican drawn lace: a child’s dress and apron, 
 pillow shams, a doily, handkerchiefs and an infant’s robe; Class E— 
 Painting on cloth in oil: handkerchiefs and a cushion; Class F — 
 Rope work: a stand, a basket and a broom case; Class G—Em¬ 
 broidery: a table scarf and an infant’s skirt; Class H—Crochet: a 
 child’s skirt, a piece of lace and a doily; Class I—Knitting: a piece of 
 
 
lace, infant’s underwear, a shoulder cape and stockings; Class J—Plain 
 sewing: a nfeedle-book, an infant’s outfit, dresses, underwear, aprons 
 and silk quilt (log cabin design). Two dolls were clothed, one in the 
 daily uniform and the other in the Sunday uniform of the orphans. 
 
 Admirable industry and patient skill are represented by this exten¬ 
 sive exhibit, all the more edifying because they were exerted in 
 behalf of homeless, friendless orphans. 
 
 The Notre Dame de Chicago School, in the parish of the French 
 church of Notre Dame, was founded in 1882, by Rev. Father Cote. It 
 was removed to its present location, next to the church, Vernon Park 
 Place, by Rev. A. L. Bergeron, in 1885. 
 
 The school, which is in charge of the Sisters of the Congregation 
 de Notre Dame from Montreal, lias a daily attendance of four hundred 
 and fifty pupils. Two courses of study are followed, the French and 
 the English. The exhibit of written work comprised volumes of each; 
 namely, Vol. I., Superior and Intermediate Fi'ench Course ; Vol. II., 
 Elementary French Course; Vol. III., Superior English Course; Vol. 
 IV., Intermediate English Course; Vol. V., First English Course; Vol. 
 VI., Elementary English Course; Vol. VII., French and English Course, 
 boys’ work; Vol. VIII., French Grammar, French composition and papers 
 on music; Vol. IX., Arithmetic; Vol. X., Grammar and Spelling; Vol. XL, 
 Geography and History; Vol. XII., Bible History and Composition; Vol- 
 XIII., Catechism. These volumes were remarkable for neatness and 
 order; the papers they contained were most commendable, as to pen¬ 
 manship and as to grammatical and rhetorical expression. The decora¬ 
 tions and illustrations, in pen work and in pencil work, were tastefully 
 executed, and placed with good judgment. Maps of Europe, Africa, 
 England, United States, Ireland- and South America, correctly and taste¬ 
 fully drawn with colored crayon on heavy paper, were appropriately 
 framed for wall decoration. A large portfolio contained many similar 
 maps, specimens of the pupils’skill and of their knowledge of geography, 
 which were certainly very satisfactory. A series of neat, tasty drawing 
 books, and a similar series of penmanship, gave evidence as to the man¬ 
 ner in which the skill in map drawing had been acquired. Seven as¬ 
 tronomical charts shown in this exhibit attracted much attention, both 
 by the beauty of the work and by the methods it displayed. The 
 ground work was black Bristol board, on which were drawn, in white 
 ink, the various lines, arcs, circles and ellipses, also the representation 
 of nebulae and of star clusters. Stars of the first magnitude were repre¬ 
 sented on the charts in gold, those of the second and third in silver. A 
 handsome and very useful “Chronological Chart for Music,” gave a list 
 of composers, performers and teachers of note in that sphere from the 
 beginning of pianoforte music, in 1600, to the present time. On a large 
 easel, standing in the space immediately surrounding the Archbishop’s 
 statue, was a large, handsome piece of musical manuscript, really impos¬ 
 ing in appearance, with its heavy black lines and broad spaces, where¬ 
 on and wherein were placed, with skillful accuracy of both head and 
 hand, the notes, in red and in black, of “A Mass in Honor of St. Joseph,” 
 composed and written by a Sister of the Congregation of Notre Dame. 
 
 The pupils of Notre Dame de Chicago presented specimens of neat 
 and pretty plain sewing, in the form of various articles of underwear, 
 and of tasteful fancy work, such as embroidered cushions, embroidered 
 underwear for ladies, two dresses for children, a toilet set, a head-rest 
 and a set of pillow shams, also of knitting, such as silk stockings and 
 silk mittens. The samples of darning and of mending promised well 
 for the care-takers of future homes. 
 
 This exhibit was worthy of teachers coming originally from a Cana¬ 
 dian institution that made one of the handsomest exhibits presented in 
 any educational department of the great exposition. 
 
 On the corner of Van Buren street and Albany avenue is a fine ap¬ 
 pearing four-story brick building which is devoted to school purposes 
 under the title of “Our Lady of Sorrow’s School.” It is in charge of the 
 Sisters of Providence, directed by the Servite Fathers. Five hundred 
 pupils occupy the eleven rooms, and are graded for common school and 
 academic departments, the former having eight grades, and the latter 
 four. Vocal music is a feature of the daily program in all the rooms. 
 The pupils have an opportunity to learn music and painting without 
 leaving the school building, a large hall having been assigned to that 
 purpose. 
 
 The exhibit from this school, though small, was choice. Vol. I. 
 comprised work from first and second grades, and excellent primary 
 work it was. Vols. II. and III., containing work from the lively inter¬ 
 
 mediate grades, showed the possibility of securing good results from 
 even such restless, little beings. Vols. IV. and V., presenting work from 
 seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth grades, were truly commendable for the 
 teachers’ methods and the pupils’ success in following them. Vols. 
 VI. and VII. contained the praiseworthy display of neat copy books 
 and the tasty drawing books, thus completing this small, but com¬ 
 mendable exhibit. 
 
 St. Philip’s School was established in 1886, by Rev. I’. J. McDon¬ 
 ald. There is an average attendance of three hundred and fifty pupils, 
 in charge of the Sisters of Providence. Two volumes of corrected 
 reviews of grammar school studies and one of miscellaneous exercises 
 constituted the written work exhibited. Three of the girls con¬ 
 tributed several pretty pieces of needle-work. Twelve maps drawn by 
 the pupils displayed much skill and, with three “framed exercises,” 
 made beautiful Avail pieces; one of the latter, “The Growth of Our 
 Flag,” was particularly attractive, the representations of six flags and 
 of the American eagle being given in colors. In the Avail display Avere 
 also twelve “Outlines of Literature,” poems in ornamental penmanship, 
 Avith exquisite pen sketches at the top of each; and several framed 
 specimens of penmanship and of draAving. This exhibit, though small, 
 was carefully prepared and gaA'e numerous eAddences of the excellent 
 training given to these young students, who Avere the objects of as much 
 solicitude as members of the boarding school, at the Mother House. 
 
 St. Aloysius Girls’ School is a tAvo-story brick structure, which was 
 dedicated to school purposes January 1st, 1885, by Rev. A. J. Thiele. 
 There are ten rooms in the building, in which two hundred and twenty 
 children, on an average, assemble daily to be instructed by the devoted 
 Sisters of Christian Charity. Christian Doctrine and Bible History are 
 taught in German, all the other branches in English. 
 
 The exhibit comprised one volume of intermediate work, very good, 
 for those, grades; of grammar and of German, one A’olume each; of 
 map-drawing, excellent work, two volumes; and tAvo folios of specimens 
 of needle-AVork. The following display of articles, from nimble little 
 fingers, xvas pleasing in its variety, its tastefulness and its usefulness:— 
 a buggy-robe, shopping-bag, stand covers, aprons, stockings, six tidies 
 (the silk ring, the scrim, the star, the Avheel, the fan, and the crocheted), 
 crocheted baby shoes, crocheted skirt, flannel skirt, a doily, a ther¬ 
 mometer and an air-castle. 
 
 Day scholars deserve much praise for accomplishing so many tasks 
 with their needles. Their small exhibit did its part towards making 
 the perfect Avhole. 
 
 St. Theresa’s School is a three-story brick building trimmed with 
 red pressed brick. The school was established in April, 1880, by ReA r . 
 Wm. M. Barth. For a time, the upper stories Avere used as a church, 
 tAvo rooms in the Sisters’ house helping to accommodate the three 
 hundred and fifty pupils who are taught by the Sisters of Christian 
 Charity. The exterior of the school building is impressive, the style of 
 architecture being quite pretty and pleasing. 
 
 That the pupils were well and carefully taught, was proved as many 
 times over as there were papers in the five bound volumes of German 
 and English class exercises of the primary and the grammar grades, in 
 the studies peculiar to them. The compositions Avere thoughtful and 
 well Avritten; the various branches were presented in a most satisfactory 
 manner. 
 
 Thanks to the industrious little hands, there were on exhibition a 
 folio of specimens of darning and mending, a folio of knitting and crochet¬ 
 ing, a folio of specimens of plain sewing and outlining and a number of 
 fancy articles embroidered. One of the severest tests of the children’s skill 
 was perhaps the “articles cut, fit, basted and made ready for the sewing 
 machine.” They stood the test Avell, too, and gave satisfaction through¬ 
 out their exhibit. 
 
 Mount Carmel Academy, a three-story red brick structure, situated 
 on Belmont avenue, is a branch of St. Patrick’s Academy, on Park 
 avenue and has an attendance of three hundred children, Avho are in 
 charge of the Sisters of Mercy from Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 The exhibit of this institution comprised bound Avork only. Vols. 
 I. and II. contained the second grade number Avork, .drawing, composi¬ 
 tion, catechism and spelling. Very nicely prepared primary exercises 
 they were, showing promise of excellent Avork in the higher grades. 
 Vols. III. to VIII. contained the papers of the intermediate and 
 grammar school grades, including the folloAving studies:—catechism, 
 Bible History, arithmetic, grammar, spelling, geography, United States 
 
 112 
 
history, physical geography and physiology. Vols. IX. and X. pre¬ 
 sented the work of the academic grades, including the following:— 
 Church History, algebra, modern history, civil government, rhetoric, 
 zoology, literature, composition and English history. A volume of 
 Latin, French and German exercises, two volumes of thorough bass, one 
 of drawing and one of maps completed the exhibit. The various papers 
 were carefully prepared, correct and thoughtful. 
 
 St. Vincent’s Academy, a massive structure of brick and stone, three 
 stories high, with a frontage of one hundred feet, is situated on Osgood 
 street, and is in charge of the Sisters of Charity of B. V. M., under the di¬ 
 rection of the Lazarist Fathers. 
 
 Three departments, the common school, the academic and the com¬ 
 mercial, contributed to the exhibit; the first giving thirteen volumes, 
 boys’ and girls’ work bound separately; the second one volume, from 
 girls only, and the third one volume of book-keeping. The papers 
 were all well written, the facts well expressed, and the various subjects 
 carefully illustrated. 
 
 The wall display comprised “A Map of the United States,” “A Map 
 of the Western Hemisphere,” and ‘‘An Historical Map of the Voyages 
 of the Explorers.” The last mentioned was a very pretty piece, having 
 dainty drawings of eight ships at various points on the Atlantic Ocean. 
 Two war maps illustrated the battles of Chattanooga and Gettysburg, 
 each about 4x24 ft., the mountains and rivers were in black, the out¬ 
 lines of the battle-field and the routes to it were drawn in red; one half 
 of each chart, or map, was occupied by a large Union flag in colors and 
 a scroll on which was a pen-printed account of the battle. The volumes 
 of music, of drawing and of color work were all interesting and worthy 
 of commendation. 
 
 On August 20th, 1884, Rev. P. Hodnett, pastor of St. Malachy’s 
 church, established in his parish a school of the same name, and 
 gave it in charge of the Sisters of Mercy from Nashville, Tenn. It 
 is a grammar school containing six rooms and a concert hall, in 
 which are accommodated three hundred children. Work from eight 
 grades filled the prettily bound volumes, one for each grade, and seven 
 additional volumes of drawing and of maps. The framed work com¬ 
 prised “A Map of the Territorial Development of Our Country,” from 
 the eighth grade room; “A Map of Illinois,” “A Map of the United 
 States,” “A Product Map of Illinois,” “A Product Map of Ireland,” and 
 a drawing, from the seventh grade room; “A Sketch of the Caravel of 
 Columbus,” and “A Sketch from Nature” from the eighth grade room. 
 
 The Rev. Pastor, an active member of the Diocesan School Board, 
 must have been greatly pleased with the success of the exhibit from his 
 school. The neat primary papers showing such earnest efforts on the 
 part of the little ones; the intermediate exercises presenting a marked 
 improvement, which continued to be more and more evident as we 
 progressed in our examination of the papers from fifth, sixth, seventh 
 and eighth grades. The careful, dainty drawings, the pretty maps and 
 the specimens of penmanship, all showed conscientious effort to-stand 
 well on the great occasion of the Catholic exhibit. Not only that, but 
 the class exercises taken from daily work gave evidence that to do one’s 
 best was the unvarying rule of the school, though an exhibit had never 
 been heard of. 
 
 St. Stanislaus Kostka’s School occupies two buildings, on Bradley 
 and Noble streets. One is a four-story frame structure, 100x40 ; the 
 other is a four-story brick, 212x80, and contains a hall next in size to 
 the Chicago Auditorium. 
 
 The forty school-rooms are occupied by three thousand pupils, 
 from six to thirteen years of age, who are classed according to grade and 
 sex. The boys, from ten to thirteen years, are in charge of eight secular 
 teachers; the girls, and the smaller boys, are in care of thirty-two 
 Sisters of the Congregation of School Sisters of Notre Dame, who teach 
 the English and the Polish languages. 
 
 This school was established by the Polish Fathers of the Congrega¬ 
 tion of the Resurrection of our Lord, in 1874, when it had but eighty- 
 nine pupils. 
 
 The exhibit from the Sisters’ division of this school comprised 
 twenty volumes of school work in English and twenty-seven in the 
 Polish language. The English volumes contained papers on arithmetic, 
 which were most creditable, and language lessons, dictation, grammar, 
 composition, physiology, history, translations and penmanship that 
 were most praiseworthy. The Polish volumes treated of Christian 
 Doctrine, penmanship, arithmetic, grammar, dictation, language lessons, 
 
 geography and history. The history and geography were carefully 
 illustrated with neatly drawn maps ; the dictation exercises were beau¬ 
 tifully written and the arithmetic was presented with such excellent 
 order as to make the problems and their solutions look like pictures. 
 
 The lay teachers presented, in English, eight volumes of spelling, 
 grammar, composition, business forms, geography, United States his¬ 
 tory and penmanship, all worthy of commendation; in the Polish 
 language were given twelve volumes of Christian Doctrine, grammar, 
 geography, history, penmanship and drawing. Admirable work, if we 
 may judge from the work of the same pupils in the English language. 
 
 The kindergarten display, excellent in every particular, comprised 
 two volumes of paper cutting, two of stick and tablet laying, and, in 
 addition to these, was the following in drawing: two of pattern and 
 model drawing, two of designing, three of object and model drawing, 
 and one of copy drawing. 
 
 There were also some very pretty contributions from the needle¬ 
 work department. The various kinds of stitches and styles of patterns 
 were illustrated by small samples. The taste and industry of the 
 pupils were shown in more pretentious pieces, such as bouquets and 
 baskets of worsted flowers, also plush work, embroidery and crochet¬ 
 ing. Samples of knitting, of plain sewing and of darning were also dis¬ 
 played, and were a credit to pupils and to teachers. Art was represented 
 by four landscapes in pastel, by a fine picture in pen-work of St. John 
 the Baptist, by a cross and flowers in pencil drawing and by three 
 scenes: the ocean, a grove and a mill. Four large maps, correctly 
 drawn and tastefully colored, with the names of places in beautiful 
 rustic pen-printing, were a great attraction to many an eager teacher 
 seeking for valuable hints. 
 
 In addition to the above pieces, was a 80x24 frame, white and gold, 
 enclosing a sheet on which was an eagle, drawn with the pen; along 
 ribbon, in its beak, bearing the sentiment, “Hail Columbia, our flag and 
 our country”; under the scroll, was a large Union flag, in brilliant colors; 
 below that, partly resting on it, was a product map of the United States, 
 the outlines crimson and gold, the products indicated by names printed 
 in ornamental letters. This beautiful map was the work of Notre Dame 
 “Aspirants, ” i. e., candidates for the religious life. 
 
 A handsome chart was made of two circles of obliquely placed par¬ 
 allelograms, with a wide space between them, a corner of each outer 
 figure joining a corner of each inner one; the lines and the figures of 
 various colors. Each line bore the name of a president, each parallel¬ 
 ogram the dates and other brief facts connected with the name on the 
 line. In the upper corners of the page, were pen portraits of Washing¬ 
 ton and Cleveland; in the lower cornel's, were scrolls bearing the dates 
 “1789,” “1893.”—the whole was executed with red, green, gold and 
 brown ink by the “Aspirants.” 
 
 The wall display can be very clearly seen in our illustration of 
 alcove 69. Excellent penmanship was found in every volume, and 
 the papers of the advanced grades displayed fine specimens of orna¬ 
 mental penmanship. The title page of each volume was beautifully 
 decorated with pen-work. Great care must have been taken and ex¬ 
 treme patience practiced by the teachers to make the grade work so 
 satisfactory to all who examined it. The large folios of drawings were 
 filled with beautiful pieces, such as might be expected of pupils whose 
 penmanship was so near perfection. 
 
 St. Paul’s School, situated on Ambrose street and Hoyn'e avenue, was 
 organized in 1877. by Rev. E. Weber. 
 
 Rev. G. D. Heldmann was appointed to the parish in 1888. The 
 school has been in care of the School Sisters of Notre Dame since 1889, 
 when the daily attendance of pupils was three hundred and twenty; 
 it has since increased to six hundred. In 1892, a kindergarten was 
 organized in connection with the school and in it are taught children 
 under six years of age. 
 
 The cornerstone of the present handsome building of buff-colored 
 brick and blue Bedford stone trimmings was laid in 1892, by Most 
 Rev. P. A. Feehan. 
 
 An edifice, 62x90, of three stories and a basement, affords room 
 for every school exercise, whether for study, for training in drills or for 
 recreation. Seventeen very large, heavy bound volumes of class work, 
 English and German, presented the papers of this school on the fol¬ 
 lowing subjects:—Christian Doctrine and arithmetic; grammar (literary 
 selections parsed and analyzed); composition and letter writing ; spell¬ 
 ing (diacritical marks, accents, definitions); geography (political, 
 
 113 
 
physical, astronomical), also the Great Divisions and their products; 
 United States history: —“The Great Triumvirate:—Grant, Sherman, 
 Sheridan,” also “A Century’s Growth in Wealth, Population, Invention 
 and Literature.’ ’ 
 
 The admirable features of these papers were many and prominent. 
 The arrangement was logical; the subjects chosen from each branch of 
 study were important and interesting; the clear, concise, yet complete 
 treatment of each subject was all that could be desired from such youth¬ 
 ful students. 
 
 The primary work was particularly delightful; a manifestation of 
 the best methods was to be found in each paper. The contents of the 
 nine volumes, or folios, contributed by the drawing classes were a 
 
 stick and tablet laying, and from paper folding. This course was 
 arranged according to “Augsburg’s and Krone’s Methods-,” with “Prang’s 
 Models.” A special volume, containing maps, was without a rival 
 in the exhibits of either the Catholic or the public schools, or, indeed, 
 in the displays of colleges and academies. There were twenty maps 
 in this volume, each 17x25 inches in size; each most beautifully 
 drawn and most exquisitely colored. Their practical nature may be 
 gathered from their names“Principal Railway Routes to the World’s 
 Fair,” “Principal Oceanic Routes,” “Provinces of the Catholic Church 
 in America,” “Map of Discoveries in the New World,” “Map of Settle¬ 
 ments in the New World,” “Map, Showing the Growth of Our Union,” 
 “Map of the Ocean Currents,” “Map of the Intercolonial Wars,” “Geo- 
 
 ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO. (ALCOVE NO. 69.) EXHIBITS OF ST. MICHAEL’S, ST. PAUL’S, ST. STANISLAUS’, AND OTHER SCHOOLS. 
 
 pleasure to the eye and a satisfaction to the artistic judgment. Vol. I. 
 contained maps:—Political, physical, astronomical, commercial and 
 historical. The last two kinds were particularly pleasing, being beauti¬ 
 fully drawn and decorated, also thoroughly original in design and in 
 the arrangement and the expression of facts. In Vol. II. was a collec¬ 
 tion of mechanical drawings for geometrical demonstrations and for the 
 application of theorems. It contained also examples of linear perspec¬ 
 tive, besides drawings from objects, and freehand drawings from nature 
 and from patterns. Vol. III. contained, besides specimens of linear 
 perspective, patterns and original designs for wall paper. The other 
 six volumes were collections of the work of lower grades, from first to 
 seventh. They included drawings from patterns, free-hand drawings 
 from models and samples of designing, with paper and tablets, from 
 
 graphical Distribution of Botanical Specimens, Useful and Ornamental,” 
 “Map of the Revolutionary War,” “Pennsylvania, Portrayed as ‘The 
 Great Historic State,’” “Map of the Battle-Ground of the Civil War, a 
 Tract of Country Where not a Day Passed in Four Years Without a 
 Battle Being Fought There,” “A Map Showing Evaporation, Condensa¬ 
 tion and Drainage of the United States,” “Map Showing Admission of 
 States to the Union up to Date,” “Map of Physical Features and Princi¬ 
 pal Products of the United States,” “Map of the Counties of Illinois,” 
 “H. M. Stanley’s Routes through Africa, 1874-1S77,” “Map Showing the 
 Distribution on the Earth of Mankind,” “Map Showing Comparative 
 Height of Mountains and Length of Rivers of the Western Continent,” 
 “Map of Standard Time in the United States.” The titles give one a 
 faint idea of what these maps were like, but no name nor description 
 
can do them justice. The original ideas, so beautifully carried out by 
 original designs, and all in such exquisite taste as to arrangement 
 and coloring, cannot be conveyed by a mere description, however elo¬ 
 quent. Four elegant diagrams, or charts, excelled even the above 
 maps; these illustrated “The Change of Seasons,” “The Phases of the 
 Moon,” “The Eclipses and the Tides,” and “Chicago Receiving its 
 Supply of Water from Lake Michigan.” 
 
 If the reader will examine our illustration of alcove 69, he will see 
 in the background of the space, the exhibits of St. Paul’s School, and, 
 on each side, the exhibits of St. Stanislaus’ School; near the entrance 
 of the alcove, at the left, he will see the exhibits of the Dominican 
 Schools of St. Jarlath’s, St. Thomas’ and Immaculate Conception. 
 These last named displays will be described in connection with St. 
 Paul’s and St. Stanislaus’ only because.they were in the same alcove with 
 the exhibits from those schools. 
 
 St. Paul’s wall display merits special attention, such as it daily 
 received during the great Fair. A unique piece was a map, 49x35, 
 showing “The Growth of Our Union,” by means of small pieces of 
 colored silks, put together with silk embroidery stitches after the man¬ 
 ner of making the “crazy quilts.” This unique, but very pretty and 
 serviceable map was the work of the girls of the eighth grade. A Bible 
 History chart, 34x27i inches, in colors, showed “The Pathways of Our 
 Lord,” from His Infancy to Plis Ascension. It was, in a sense, a map 
 of Palestine; marginal numbers and copious foot-notes indicating tire 
 journeys taken by our Lord, in the course of His public life. It was 
 drawn with colored inks and was very beautiful indeed. An exceed¬ 
 ingly handsome piece was “An Plistorical Chart,” 34x25 inches, showing: 
 (a) Pen and ink portraits of “The Committee Called upon to Draw up 
 the Declaration of Independence”; (6) a drawing in colors, of a very 
 strong wall bearing the inscription, “Our Constitution”; (c) a ladder, 
 drawn in colors, showing “Our Presidential Succession,” each rung 
 bearing a president’s name, printed in red on white; the upper rungs 
 bore no names, but had printed across them “Always Room at the 
 Top.” At the foot of the ladder, forming a support to it, were the 
 names of certain colonial statesmen and generals. It was indicated by 
 inscriptions near their names, which of the presidents were statesmen, 
 which military leaders, which commanders-in-chief; (d) “The Political 
 Parties,” shown on the wide margins, in colored letters; (e) “Three 
 Principal Wars Since the Adoption of the Constitution, their Causes, 
 Leaders, and Results”; (/) “One Century of Literary Growth,” giving 
 the names and dates of the principal American authors. The reader 
 perceives, even from our very inadequate description, that this was a 
 remarkable chart. The idea so original, the design so unique, the exe¬ 
 cution of the design so charming in arrangement, in coloring and in 
 pen-work that words fail us in referring to it. A picture, 24x18 inches, 
 showing “The Growth of Our Flag,” presented “the stars and stripes” in 
 colors, also the various flags used previously to the acceptance by the 
 government of our present flag, as the permanent emblem of our 
 national existence and character. It was a beautiful subject and it was 
 beautifully handled. An amusing bit of pen-work, remarkably well ex¬ 
 ecuted, was “Little Miss X, Bound for the World’s Fair,” coined from a 
 familiar picture. A map of the Archdiocese of Chicago and a diagram 
 of St. Paul’s Parish were interesting and were skillfully drawn. A 
 much more interesting and a far more difficult, yet an equally well exe¬ 
 cuted piece was a diagram showing the difference of time between 
 Washington, D. C., and fifty of the most important cities of the world. 
 Twelve drawings in pencil, in black crayon, in colored crayon and in 
 charcoal added brilliant variety to the other excellent features of St. 
 Paul’s large and rich display. 
 
 The kindergarten work was in three glass-covered cases; one con¬ 
 tained collections of pictures contributed by the children; another 
 contained pea and cork work, and embroidery on cards; the third dis¬ 
 played drawing, perforating and weaving. These cases were ornamented 
 with morning glories, paper-links, and straw stringing made by the boys 
 and girls of the kindergarten department. 
 
 St. Paul’s exhibit was assuredly a high honor to Catholic pa¬ 
 rochial school education. The exceptionally beautiful maps and charts 
 described above, were the work of boys and girls only fourteen years 
 of age. These same pupils presented most excellent class work, in the 
 bound volumes, lienee their proficiency was not confined to a skillful 
 use of the fingers, but extended to each of the branches of the course 
 of study. 
 
 St. Michael’s School for Boys, situated on North and Hudson Aves., 
 is a massive brick structure of four stories and a basement which 
 replaces the one destroyed by the great fire. It was erected by the 
 Redemptorist Fathers, and has eleven rooms which accommodate eight 
 hundred boys who are taught by the Brothers of Mary from Dayton, 
 Ohio. 
 
 St. Michael’s School for Girls is a three-story brick building on 
 Hudson Ave., having ten rooms in which seven hundred and fifty girls 
 are taught by the School Sisters of Notre Dame, in whose charge it has 
 been since 1862. 
 
 The male department contributed to the exhibit twenty-nine 
 volumes of German and English exercises in catechism and Church 
 History, German grammar and German composition, German dictation 
 and German penmanship, English grammar and English composition, 
 English dictation and English penmanship, history, arithmetic, book¬ 
 keeping, geography, general class work and home work. A volume of 
 lien-work, civics, commercial law and music, and seven volumes of free¬ 
 hand drawing, also a volume of geometrical and crayon drawings com¬ 
 pleted the display from the boys’ classes. The solutions of problems 
 from arithmetic were presented in charming order, and the compositions, 
 both German and English, were exceedingly well illustrated with pen 
 and pencil drawings. 
 
 The work from the commercial department proved that these lads 
 were in good hands, if it was desirable to make efficient business men 
 of them. Music and drawing, interspersed with graver, duller and more 
 practical subjects and labors, has the tendency to elevate the taste and 
 desires of students, to brighten their lives, and to give them an element 
 of culture as well as to surround them with refining influences. Such 
 studies lead to a love for the beautiful and a desire to attain it; a desire 
 which will animate an earnest effort in seeking, and in obtaining the 
 nobler things of life. These desires and these attainments have been 
 common among girls; it was one of the most pleasing and laudable 
 features of our Catholic exhibit that everywhere there was evidence of 
 the efforts that are being made to introduce refining influences into the 
 education and the home life of the boys. 
 
 The exhibits from St. Michael’s School for Boys are reproduced, in 
 part, in our illustration of alcove 73. 
 
 The exhibit from the girl’s department comprised twenty volumes 
 of class work, fourteen volumes of drawing, several handsome pictures 
 and many pieces of very beautiful needle-work, also some rich tapestiy 
 embroidery. Ten of the bound volumes were devoted to studies in 
 English; the other ten to studies in German; each set portrayed the 
 excellence of the methods that had been used in teaching St. Michael’s 
 ambitious little girl pupils, none of them older than fourteen, yet 
 winning honorable fame at the great Columbian Exposition. Each 
 problem in arithmetic was stated with such accuracy and presented in 
 such order as to delight both the mind and the eye; each question, on 
 any subject, was answered with well-chosen and nicely placed words; 
 each exercise was presented in beautiful penmanship. The drawing, 
 which had been taught according to “Krone’s Progressive Art Studies” 
 and “Prang’s Models,” was displayed in fourteen volumes containing 
 pictures of leaves, flowers and fruits, from nature; drawings from 
 models and from objects; patterns for paper designing; freehand 
 drawings from patterns enlarged; map drawing; copies of pictures; 
 drawings representing kindergarten tablet laying, paper folding and 
 paper cutting. The Avail display, which can be seen in our illustration 
 of alcove 71, comprised four framed pieces, two pictures of fruit and 
 flowers in crayon, one landscape in pastel; one oil painting on cellu¬ 
 loid. The needle-work department contributed specimens of the vari¬ 
 ous branches of ornamental and plain needle-work :—knitting, crochet¬ 
 ing, plain sewing, mending, darning, art embroidery, tapestiy, satin 
 stitch and arrasene embroidery. 
 
 The most complete and elegant feature of this display was a child’s 
 outfit, including, in plain and fancy knitting, its shoes, stockings, vests, 
 skirts, gloves, mittens and wristlets; in plain sewing, As underclothing 
 dresses and aprons; in crocheting, two fancy lace dresses, skirts, gloves 
 and bonnet, also samples of silk and of linen laces. 
 
 In addition to the above beautiful and varied outfit, there were 
 the following rich and elegant pieces of fancy work:—One cashmere 
 dress and cloak, heavily embroidered with silk; two flannel skirts 
 embroidered with silk ; one plush table scarf embroidered with silk, 
 and arrasene; one table cover of plush and of silk, embroidered with 
 
 118 
 
chenille and decorated with hand painting; one silk sofa cushion em¬ 
 broidered with satin stitch; one picture scarf of bolting-cloth, hand 
 painted; one embroidered cover for an album stand, material, artist 
 velvet; two fancy articles in drawn work and in Danish work. 
 
 The tapestry work consisted of two large pictures:—“Our Savior 
 Blessing Little Children,” and “The Guardian Angel’ ; there was also 
 a picture in which the figures and ornamental designs were embroidered 
 with silk and with arrasene. In addition to the above, there were ten 
 small articles -.—jewel, postage, and toilet boxes, made of celluloid and 
 decorated with water color or oil paintings. 
 
 When we reflect on the fact that these charming specimens of fancy 
 needle-work came from the same hands as did the unsurpassed grade 
 work, and that these pupils were girls under fifteen years of age, we are 
 deeply impressed in favor of the educational methods of their teachers. 
 This double training of both mind and fingers gives variety to a 
 woman’s life-work, and, therefore, a double chance of contentment. 
 
 In alcove 69, as presented in our illustration, will be seen, on the 
 left, near the entrance, the exhibits from the Dominican schools of the 
 Immaculate Conception, of St. Jarlath and of St. Thomas, in Chicago, 
 and of St. James in Rockford. These displays were small, but correct, 
 tasty, and in every way creditable, showing perfect harmony between 
 teachers and pupils, the efforts of the latter to fulfil the desire of the 
 former being manifest in each paper. The orderly arrangement of the 
 problems in arithmetic and of their solutions, the prettily written and 
 tastefully arranged exercises in dictation, spelling and language, the 
 diagraming in grammar, the outlines in history and geography, with 
 correctly drawn and tastefully colored maps, to make them clear,—all 
 gave evidence of careful training in accordance with approved methods 
 and recent educational ideas. 
 
 The Immaculate Conception School is a three-story red brick 
 building with trimmings of New Bedford stone, erected by Rev. P. T. 
 Butler, on North Park avenue, in 1885, to replace the one destroyed by 
 the great fire. The school was established first in 1S67, and placed in 
 charge of the Dominican Sisters from Sinsinawa, Wis, who taught a 
 select day school in their convent during the years the parish was with¬ 
 out a school, after the fire. 
 
 This school presented five volumes of bound grade work, thirteen 
 framed maps, two large folios of unframed maps, and twenty-two 
 specimens of needle-work. Tire wall display of thirteen maps was as 
 follows :—Europe, in blue and white ; Europe, in blue and black, 
 South America, in black and red ; the Western States, in various tints; 
 the New England States, in tints; the British Isles, in black and white. 
 There were three charcoal drawings that were very good for pupils in 
 sixth grade; a picture of two flags and an eagle, drawn in colors; a 
 fancy scroll in pen-work, bearing on it, in tints, the counties of Illinois; 
 a horseshoe, in pen-work, supporting a scroll, on which was drawn, in 
 green and black, a map of Ireland; "The Growth of Our Flag,” a piece 
 presented by a sixth grade boy, showed six flags of different designs, 
 drawn in the required colors; four pictures of fruit and flowers, drawn 
 with the lead pencil; a map of Cook County, in blue and white ; several 
 physiological drawings in colors; one drawing represented an 
 easel on which rested a blackboard and on that was drawn a map of 
 Minnesota. For decoration this last piece had, at the top, the Spanish 
 and the American flags (in colors), mingling their folds, and around on 
 the margins were drawn, in colors, the various vegetable products of 
 Minnesota. A map of Ireland was decorated around the margins 
 with quaint Chinese designs. Italy, drawn in black and white, was 
 wreathed with wild roses, in colors, and had an Italian flag in each 
 corner, also in colors; a product map of Maryland had the products 
 drawn in colors in the proper locations ; a map of the Lake States was 
 given in blue and red; North America, in blue and black; a map of 
 Ireland, in blue; a map of Italy, in blue; South America in tints ; such 
 was the wall display presented by the busy little men and little women 
 of our Lady’s school. 
 
 The needle-work included samples of plain sewing and basting; 
 of fine sewing and of patch-work, also the following piecesthree 
 handkerchiefs, hemstitched; a pair of pillow shams, a picture throw 
 and two neck-ties fringed; two splashers, an apron, and a blouse 
 waist- a pair of slippers embroidered; three tidies crocheted and 
 a piece of lace. The boys constructed a handsome ship; some visitors 
 wondered if they did the sewing on the sails, or if they were obliged 
 to call on their' sisters for help. Whether it was a boy or a girl who 
 
 did the work, the stitches were very neatly placed and the sails were 
 very prettily arranged. 
 
 St. Jarlath’s School, on Hermitage avenue, is a three-story pressed 
 brick structure containing six large class rooms and a large hall lor 
 entertainments. The school was established in 1873, by Rev. T. F. 
 Cashman, the present pastor, and placed in charge ol the Dominican 
 Sisters from Mount Sinsinawa, Wis. There is an attendance ol three 
 hundred pupils. A kindergarten has been opened recently m con¬ 
 nection with St. Jarlath’s, and is said to be one of the best equipped 
 in Chicago. 
 
 St. Jarlath’s pupils contributed eight volumes of interesting, neatly 
 written and well expressed papers on the following subjects: In \ ol. I., 
 catechism, language, numbers and orthography; in Vol. 1L, arithmetic, 
 catechism, language, orthography, geography and penmanship; in 
 Yds. III. and IV., the same branches as in Vol. II., but treated ol by 
 more advanced pupils. The answers in catechism, particularly those 
 relating to duty, were given in a manner to prove the spiritual benefit of 
 parochial schools, while, as to secular learning, the clearly presented 
 problems in arithmetic, the well-expressed exercises in language, the 
 correct maps, and the clear answers in geography prove the equality of 
 these schools to the best in the land. 
 
 There were as many proofs of this as there were school exhibits 
 in the Catholic Educational Department at the Fair, and St. Jarlath’s 
 pretty volumes were hut a part of a grand testimonial. Vol. V. contained 
 maps of South America, of the Western Hemisphere, of several of the 
 states given separately and of the United States; each map was repeated 
 as many times as there were pupils in the grade, thus showing compara¬ 
 tive merit. In this volume there was also a collection ot free-hand 
 drawings. Vol. VI. contained papers on catechism, Bible History, 
 geography, grammar, orthography and composition; \ ol. VII. con¬ 
 tained, in addition to the above, United States history and physiology; 
 and Vol. VIII. added to these subjects American literature. The phy¬ 
 siology and the United States history were illustrated, the former with 
 pictures, in colors, and the latter with tinted maps, both the work of the 
 pupils who wrote the papers. Each volume was decorated with pretty 
 designs, in colors, on title pages and margins. 
 
 The wall display comprised the following framed maps:—One of 
 North America (prettily tinted), several of the States, one of South 
 America, three of Michigan, three of Ireland, two of Wisconsin and 
 three of Asia; a rustic cross, twined with flowers, a pencil drawing; 
 the Spanish escutcheon, enlarged in colors; Columbus and his caravel, 
 each painted on celluloid; and last but not least an original poem writ¬ 
 ten by one of the school girls and placed in a frame of celluloid, on 
 which she had painted garlands of flowers in natural colors. 
 
 St, Thomas’ School, on Kimbark avenue, was established in 1885, 
 by Rev. Win. Horan. It is a two-story frame building, with four large 
 class rooms where one hundred and fifty children are taught by the 
 Dominican Sisters from Sinsinawa, Rev. J. J. Carroll is the present 
 pastor of St. Thomas’ Church, and was in charge at the time of the 
 World’s Fair. 
 
 This school presented five volumes of grade work, one volume of 
 drawing, one folio of maps, one volume of primary and kindergarten 
 combination work, and a volume of kindergarten paperwork. The 
 wall display comprised framed maps and framed drawings. 
 
 The volumes of grade work, in their very pretty bindings, had 
 beauty within, as well as without, and, on being opened, displayed 
 prettily decorated title pages, tastily ornamented margins, and neatly 
 written text. The primary, intermediate and grammar school grades 
 were represented, and the various branches were treated of in a manner 
 that spoke well for the methods of the teachers. The map-drawing 
 was particularly noteworthy, and the volume of primary work was not 
 surpassed by any similar work in the exhibit. It was, in size and 
 shape, much like a large scrap-book and was filled with pretty, bright 
 colored specimens of paper-work, needle-work and color-work. The 
 almost innumerable ways of putting paper to artistic uses was here well 
 illustrated; the perforated cards, with the many brilliant pictures that a 
 needle and a silken thread, in a child’s properly trained hand, succeeds in 
 bringing out upon them, decorated page after page, without the repeti¬ 
 tion of a single pattern, and the drawings accomplished by the wee 
 ones with the aid of another sort of perforated card, were also in their 
 proper place helping to make this volume a delight to lovers of chil¬ 
 dren’s work. Pretty little trifles made of celluloid, doll-house and 
 
furniture, cut and shaped from pasteboard, tilled a glass case and spoke 
 well for the industry and handiness of the little ones. On the wall was 
 a map of Central America, nicely drawn and very prettily colored; the 
 British Isles and Western Asia were equally well represented, while the 
 birds, flowers, animals, bees and butterflies of the kindergarten bright¬ 
 ened up the more serious work, which comprised about twenty small 
 maps, no two having the same arrangement of colors or tints. 
 
 St. James’ School, of Rockford, was established in 1886, by Rev. J. 
 •J. Flagherty. The present handsome, solid building, with its four beauti¬ 
 ful class rooms and its elegant exhibition hall, was erected in 1892. 
 The school has been in charge of the Dominican Sisters from Sinsinawa, 
 Wis., since 1SS6. 
 
 they told the true story of the pupils’ acquirements,—a true story that 
 happily, was a creditable one, doing honor to the young people con¬ 
 cerned. There were two folios of map-drawing, one in pencil-work and 
 the other in pen-work, a distinction seldom made, yet the difference is 
 considerable. There were no copies among the drawings, all were 
 drawn from objects. The illustration of alcove 69 shows all the 
 exhibits from St. Stanislaus’ schools and those from the Dominican 
 schools, but only a portion of those from St. Paul’s and St. Michael’s 
 schools. 
 
 If the reader will now examine our picture of alcove 71, he may en¬ 
 joy a view of the pretty pencil drawings and beautiful specimens of pen- 
 work contributed by the pupils of the last two schools mentioned above. 
 
 
 £1 
 
 
 FT] 
 
 ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO. (ALCOVE NO. 73.) PARISH SCHOOL EXHIBITS OF CLASS AND ART WORK. 
 
 St. .James’ School had its eleven handsomely bound volumes in the In this same illustration, we see represented the work from St. 
 
 above group of exhibits, and very well did they compare with their Patrick’s Commercial Academy and St. Patrick’s Female School, also 
 
 Chicago companions, for we found their title pages to be just as tastily the grade work, in bound volumes, from St. Mary’s Training School 
 
 decorated, their margins just as prettily ornamented, their maps just as Feehanville. These books lie on the shelf near St. Michael’s display 
 
 nicely drawn and tastefully tinted, their grade work as thoroughly because that location was just across the aisle (running north and 
 
 acquired and as properly presented. It could scarcely be otherwise, south) from the alcove where St. Mary’s industrial exhibit was located, 
 
 since the work of these four schools was prepared under the supervision as shown in an illustration in the earlier part of this book, 
 
 of teachers who have the same methods, as they have had the same St. Patrick’s Commercial Academy is one of the oldest Catholic 
 
 normal training. schools in Chicago; it comprises nine school rooms where the Christian 
 
 St. James’ volumes contained general class work and miscellaneous Brothers teach five hundred and twenty boys, 
 exercises, on the branches studied by eight grades of the primary and Founded in 1861, it has improved, year by year, in accommodations 
 
 grammar school departments. The two volumes of miscellaneous work and in methods. In 1883, from being a mere day school for hoys it 
 
 contained papers that were “neither selected nor corrected,” and hence advanced to the dignity of a Commercial Academy equal, in the thor- 
 
oughness of its training and the excellence of its methods, to the best 
 business colleges of our large cities. 
 
 The history of the school is as follows :—It was founded in 1861, 
 by Very Rev. Father Dunne, V. G., and for fifteen years found the 
 original two-story frame building spacious enough for the purpose 
 which called for its erection. In 1883, a commercial department Was or¬ 
 ganized, and since then the four-story, $40,000 brick structure has been 
 none too large. In 1886, the institution celebrated its silver jubilee, 
 about three hundred former students being present to honor the occa¬ 
 sion. Many of them were priests, some were religious and others were 
 successful business men. At present the school is in charge of Brother 
 Baldwin and eleven other Christian Brothers, under the direction of 
 the pastor, Rev. Father T. F. Galligan. 
 
 Twenty pupils, on an average, finish their commercial course each 
 year, and receive a diploma which is regarded by the best business 
 men of Chicago as a guarantee for the fitness of the recipient to do office 
 work and to help perform other duties in departments of business, 
 until experience shall have enabled him to become independent of his 
 employer. 
 
 The exhibit comprised three volumes of reproductions of religious 
 instructions given to the sixth, seventh and eighth grades ; four volumes 
 of the general class work of the second, third, fourth and fifth grades, 
 each paper a model, and the whole stamped with the characteristics of 
 good methods. The lower grades having been so carefully trained, we 
 were not surprised to find arithmetic, book-keeping and commercial 
 law treated of with unvarying correctness and perfect thoroughness. 
 The elements of language having been so well acquired by the prepara¬ 
 tory classes, it followed that the grammar papers and the composi¬ 
 tions of the higher grades were all that could be desired by the most 
 exacting of teachers. The shorthand, the type-writing, the penman¬ 
 ship were all admirable. Three volumes of monthly examination 
 papers showed the gradual progress of the pupils. Eight volumes of 
 copy books, bound together, and three volumes of specimen pages of 
 penmanship not only spoke well for the improvement and final skill 
 of the pupils, but gave information and suggestions to teachers. Four 
 volumes of blanks bound together gave a clear idea of the pupils’ ex¬ 
 cellent attainments in book-keeping. The volume of papers on natural 
 philosophy, the work of the eighth grade pupils, was the most beauti¬ 
 ful in the collection of books, because of the handsome illustrations 
 drawn in red ink. The volumes of photographs gave a clear idea of 
 the building and of the appearance of teachers and pupils. We can 
 imagine the pleasure the exhibit from St. Patrick’s must have afforded 
 its former pupils who were, of course, among the visitors at the Fair. 
 
 St. Patrick’s School for Girls, on West Adams street, is a three-story 
 brick building, erected by Rev. Dr. Dunne, in 18-53. It has ten rooms 
 and an average attendance of four hundred and fifty children, in 
 charge of the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul. It has gram¬ 
 mar, academic and commercial departments. Its graduates are to be 
 found among some of the most successful teachers in the public school 
 and many of them hold responsible positions in Chicago business 
 houses. 
 
 The exhibit presented thirteen bound volumes remarkable for beau¬ 
 tiful frontispieces, ornamental titles and elegant penmanship. The 
 various papers were distinguished by a clear, concise, thorough presen¬ 
 tation of the subjects, and beautified as well as illustrated with 
 numerous drawings in pen-work and in pencil-work. Arithmetic and 
 physiology were particularly well illustrated. The beautifully bound 
 and decorated book with the golden title “Leaves from the Garden of 
 Alma Mater” was filled with touching memorials of graduates and 
 other beloved pupils. One of its pages tells in what communities 
 former pupils are now serving God in the retirement of the religious 
 life. The beautiful sentiments expressed in the essays and poems, 
 and the lovely decorations that accompanied them, also the handsome 
 pen-printing, made this volume a treasure of sentiment and of art. 
 “Stray Leaflets Culled from the Class Room” was the title of another 
 charming volume of school work. The eight volumes of grade work 
 were an honor to the institution. The kindergarten display was Small 
 but choice. The wall display included five paintings, two drawings and 
 seven framed maps. A collection of dainty pieces of fancy work and 
 of plain sewing testified to the practical nature of the training received 
 at St. Patrick’s. 
 
 For reproduction of this exhibit consult our illustration of alcove 
 
 71. For a more detailed account of it consult the article on “The Mary¬ 
 land Sisters of Charity.” 
 
 St. Columbkill’s School for Girls, situated on Paulina street, near 
 Indiana street, was established in 1866, by Rev. Thomas Burke. It is 
 a three-story brick structure devoted to the education of girls, who 
 are classed in the kindergarten, the primary, the grammar or the 
 academic department, according to their attainments. 1 here is a con¬ 
 servatory of music and of art attached to the school, and both it and 
 the school are in charge of the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul. 
 
 The exhibit comprised fifteen volumes of work from the kinder¬ 
 garten, from the eight grades of the common school department and 
 from the academic department. The latter contributed five volumes 
 of papers beautiful and practical, solid yet charming, particularly the 
 illustrated “Science Volume.” The map-drawing was excellent and 
 the penmanship beautiful. Fifteen beautiful pictures from the ail 
 department of this institution adorned the wall back of his Grace’s 
 statue. When looking at our illustration of the space around the 
 statue, note the pictures representing the Delsarte movements for 
 Edgar Allen Poe’s poem of “The Bells,” these were the work of St. 
 Columbkill’s pupils. 
 
 For a more detailed account of this exhibit consult the article on 
 “The Maryland Sisters of Charity.” 
 
 In 1847, Rev. J. Jung established St. Joseph’s German School, a 
 small one-story structure which was replaced, in 1863, by a fine four- 
 story brick building, on the corner of Cass St. and Chicago Ave., erected 
 by the Benedictine Fathers who had been placed in charge of the 
 parish. This structure having been destroyed in the great Chicago fire, 
 a new one was built, in 1874, on the corner of Franklin and Hill Sts. 
 This, too, is a four-story edifice, containing, besides eight spacious class 
 rooms, a chapel on the first and a large hall on the fourth floors. Three 
 hundred and twenty-five children attend, and pursue both the German 
 and the English course of studies. The larger boys are in charge of a 
 secular teacher; the other pupils, both girls and boys, are in charge of 
 the Benedictine Sisters. The Benedictine Fathers have charge of the 
 parish. Two volumes for each grade, German and English, from first 
 to sixth, inclusive, constituted the written work, besides which there 
 were two volumes of drawing, one from the boys and the other from the 
 girls. The primary papers were delightful ; such pretty writing for 
 little ones to do; the cunning little illustrations in pencil work, were 
 so well drawn and so suitable. Coins, clocks, flowers and animals were 
 introduced to make addition and subtraction clear to stupid fair visitors. 
 Compound numbers, too, were illustrated with drawings of pint, quart 
 and gallon measures. “The Verbal Tree” was an ingenious way of 
 aiding the pupil to remember the conjugation of the verb “to he,” and 
 was the work of a member of the sixth grade. In fact, the work of 
 the grammar grades bore, all through, the impress of the excellent 
 training these children had received in the primary grades. The out¬ 
 line and the product maps were admirable for their drawing, printing 
 and coloring. 
 
 The needle-work included specimens of crocheting, plain sewing 
 and drawn work from fifteen of the pupils, and, in addition to this, 
 a pair of pillow shams, a tray cloth, a center piece, a splasher, several 
 bahies’ bibs, an ornamental banner, a card basket and a card receiver 
 embroidered. Dainty samples of knitting were presented in the form of 
 babies’ hoods, sacques, shoes and mittens, also in the shape of stock¬ 
 ings, shawls and purses for grown people. Two sets of hemstitched 
 handkerchiefs, four tidies, and a shopping bag added to the value of the 
 display. 
 
 On the wall of the alcove, were five crayon and two pastel pictures, 
 the work of both boys and girls; some of these pictures were land¬ 
 scapes, others were fruit pieces. 
 
 St. Francis of Assissi’s School for Boys has been in charge of the 
 Brothers of Mary from Dayton, Ohio, since 1882. Previous to that 
 date, the boys and girls attended the same school, the former being 
 taught by lay teachers and the latter by Sisters. Rev. F. Ivalvelage took 
 charge of the parish in 1857, from that time the school increased in 
 numbers so rapidly as to necessitate the separation of the boys’ school 
 from that of the girls. A three-story building was erected, on Newberry 
 Ave. and Twelfth St., containing sixteen rooms, eight of which are occu¬ 
 pied by four hundred and fifty boys and the other eight by the girls. 
 
 Having stated that the boys were taught by the Brothers of Mary, 
 it is needless to say that the exhibit was above criticism. Twenty- 
 
 118 
 
seven volumes of grade work, each paper, yes, each page of which, 
 whether English or German, was a model of excellence, constituted the 
 6est evidence of scholarship, but in addition to this there were almost 
 numberless evidences given in the artistic pen and pencil displays. 
 These comprised samples of pen-work, specimens of drawing, pictures 
 and maps, and various illustrations of mathematics. Among the speci¬ 
 mens of penmanship were several pictures or sketches drawn with the 
 pen, a bird and two large quill pens, two birds and a nest on a leafy 
 branch, a rustic alphabet of large letters, the geometrical blocks, and six 
 large architectural drawings, showing plans for a dwelling and for a 
 school house; last but not least, there were nine small maps, about 8x12, 
 Iranied in gilt, that were exquisitely drawn. 
 
 grades, exercises copied from the charts, compositions and arithmetic 
 work from the wee ones. Composition, spelling, penmanship, language 
 and arithmetic from little ones a few inches taller, filled Vol. II. Vols. 
 III. to VII. contained compositions, letters, and dictation exercises, also 
 grammar, history, geography and arithmetic papers of the intermediate 
 grades, and Vols. VII. to X. the papers on similar subjepts from the 
 grammar grades. Vols. X. to XVII. contained papers in the German 
 language, on all the common school branches including Christian 
 Doctrine. Methods shown by this written work were among the best, 
 and had been carefully followed by the pupils. 
 
 In addition to the above, there were three volumes of drawings in 
 pencil and in crayon, a collection of pleasing pictures ; two volumes of 
 
 [CotMCTfOBySci 
 
 ril 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO. (ALCOVE NO. 71.) EXHIBITS OF CLASS AND ART WORK FROM ST. MICHAEL’S AND ST. PAUL’S SCHOOLS, ST. PATRICK’S 
 COMMERCIAL ACADEMY, ST. PATRICK’S FEMALE SCHOOL, ST. MARY’S TRAINING SCHOOL OF FEEHANVILLE. 
 
 The subjects treated of in the bound work were, Christian Doctrine, 
 sacred history, language, dictation, composition, history, geography, 
 arithmetic, book-keeping, commercial law and letter-writing, all in 
 English; translation, composition, dictation and penmanship in Ger¬ 
 man. This was indeed an extensive and handsome exhibit. 
 
 St. Francis Assissi’s School for Girls originated in 1853, but was 
 reorganized in 1867, when it was placed in charge of the Franciscan 
 Sisters from Joliet. In 1882, a spacious building of brick was erected 
 for the accommodation of the eight hundred girls in attendance. 
 
 The exhibit presented twenty-two volumes of bound work, a small 
 but pretty wall display and ten pieces of fancy work. Of the bound 
 work, Vol. I. contained the samples of penmanship from the primary 
 
 map-drawing which showed much excellent work and a volume of fancy 
 pen-work which was most attractive. 
 
 On the wall of alcove 73, were three pastel drawings, one pencil 
 drawing and one crayon picture of St. Aloysius, the work of the girls 
 of St. Francis’ School, as also were the following articles of fancy work: 
 a foot rest, a paper holder, a placque, a tobacco pouch, a work basket, 
 a head rest, a rope basket, a baby outfit, a catch-all parasol, a letter 
 receiver, a card-holder and an egg-shell decorated. 
 
 We noticed among the articles from both divisions of St. Francis’ 
 School, specimens of fancy pen-work, white on black, white on blue, 
 red on white and black on white, consisting of rustic lettering, old Eng¬ 
 lish, German, and other ornamental styles. 
 
St. John Nepomuccne’s School (Bohemian) occupies a two-story, 
 four-roomed building and numbers two hundred and twenty pupils. 
 The school was established in 1878, by Rev. Francis Bobal; since 1890 it 
 lias been in charge of the Benedictine Sisters. 
 
 The exhibit comprised three volumes of English and three of 
 Bohemian work from first to fifth grades inclusive. The order of the 
 various papers was most admirable and the penmanship was mar¬ 
 velously good for children of those grades. Many an academy gradu¬ 
 ate might rejoice to write as exquisitely as the fifth grade children 
 mentioned above. 
 
 St. Procopius’ School (Bohemian) was planned in 1875, when three 
 lots were purchased for the purpose of locating the building on the 
 corner of Eighteenth and Allport Sts. At first, the school was under 
 the care of lay teachers, but as soon as possible, religious teachers were 
 secured and the Franciscan Sisters from Joliet took charge. The first 
 building having become unequal to the requirements of the children, 
 five lots were purchased on Allport St., not far from the former site, and 
 on this newly acquired ground a massive structure of white brick was 
 erected. There is an average attendance of thirteen hundred pupils. 
 The parish is in charge of the Benedictine Fathers. 
 
 In looking at the various exhibits, the query often presented itself 
 why the Germans and Bohemians are such superior penmen. There 
 was beautiful penmanship to be seen in all the volumes displayed in 
 the educational exhibit; poor penmanship was the exception, still the 
 German pupils writing English exceedingly well were greatly in the 
 majority over the other nationalities, particularly over English-speaking 
 children. Here, for instance, were papers from a school having more 
 than a thousand pupils and not a page of poor writing in the entire 
 exhibit. These were Bohemian children but the same was true of 
 schools entirely German. It is not a difference among the teachers, of 
 that we are sure; where the difficulty lies we are not prepared to say. 
 
 The bound work of this exhibit comprised three volumes of special 
 examination papers in English, the subjects were grammar, spelling, 
 arithmetic and geography; three volumes of special examination papers in 
 Bohemian, subjects: catechism, Bible History and grammar; English 
 class work, six volumes, one for each grade, from first to sixth inclu¬ 
 sive; Bohemian class work, two volumes, from second, third and fourth 
 grades. The same beautiful penmanship and the same appearance of 
 order and method graced the papers of both languages, hence we judge 
 from the excellence of the work in English that the Bohemian work 
 was also excellent. Four volumes of drawing from the first to the sixth 
 grade inclusive, showed earnest effort and perfect neatness, also con¬ 
 siderable skill for pupils so young. The wall pieces included six land¬ 
 scapes, three in pastel and three in water-colors, also an eagle in crayon, 
 all were the work of boys. The girls had contributed several pieces of 
 choice fancy work. The ornamental pen-work that decorated the wall 
 comprised a scroll and birds in white on black; rustic alphabets in blue 
 on white, and flowers in white on black. 
 
 St. Wenceslaus’ School is a two-story brick building on De Koven 
 street. It was organized September 1st, 1868, by the pastor. Rev. .1. 
 Molitor and placed in charge of the Franciscan Sisters from Joliet. 
 There is in the four rooms an average attendance of two hundred and 
 forty children. Their exhibit was remarkable for good writing and 
 excellent methods, shown in six volumes of English work and three 
 volumes of Bohemian work, prepared by six grades in the former and 
 three grades in the latter. In addition to these volumes there were 
 two containing the drawings of five grades and two filled with specimens 
 of knitting, stitching and crocheting, also a volume of fancy penmanship. 
 
 Besides the samples in the book mentioned above, there were twenty- 
 seven pieces of fancy work:—a doll’s dress, a baby’s skirt, a paper- 
 holder, a chair throw, a baby’s suit, a buggy robe, a fascinator, a knotted 
 tidy, a silk hood, a blue silk hood, a white silk hood, a card basket, a 
 pin-cushion, a muff and tippet, two ribbon tidies, a tobacco pouch, a 
 neck-tie, a tidy, two lamp mats, a pair of slippers, a fan, a watch case, a 
 basket, two wall pockets, a pair of socks, a school bag, a silk collar and 
 baby’s saeque. 
 
 This is the last of the city parochial schools to be noticed, but 
 before proceeding to describe the exhibits of the academies that pre¬ 
 sented displays in the Chicago department, we will treat of the exhibits 
 made by nine parochial schools outside the city but belonging to the 
 Diocese. 
 
 St. Nicholas’ German School of Aurora, is a two-story brick build¬ 
 
 ing trimmed with limestone. In the eight rooms there is an attend¬ 
 ance of five hundred children, six rooms being occupied by girls taught 
 by Franciscan Sisters; and in the other two rooms the boys are 
 instructed by lay teachers. 
 
 The exhibit was as follows:—Two volumes of written work, one of 
 drawings, two banners tastily painted and embroidered, table-scarfs 
 and a tidy ornamented with fancy stitching, a hearth rug, a cushion and 
 an apron, also a basket of wool flowers. The wall display comprised 
 specimens of kindergarten paper work, folding, cutting, coloring and 
 stitching and two framed pictures. 
 
 The Sacred Heart School of Aurora, was established in 1884, by 
 Rev. J. Cote and placed in charge of the Sisters of the Congregation of 
 Notre Dame of Montreal, Canada. The average attendance is one 
 hundred and twenty-five children. 
 
 The exhibit was a small but very neat and thoroughly correct 
 collection of grammar school papers, General Exercises in English 
 and in French, one volume from the grammar grades and one from the 
 elementary classes. Two maps, one of the world and one of the 
 United States, constituted the Avail display and were a credit to the 
 young students who dreAv them. 
 
 St. Joseph’s School (German), Freeport, Ill., is a tAA’o-story brick 
 building erected in 1883. There is an attendance, in six rooms, of two 
 hundred and fifty pupils, taught by the Franciscan Sisters from Joliet, 
 under the direction of Rev. C. Kalvelage. 
 
 The exhibit Avas eight volumes of written work, English and German 
 exercises from eight grades and one volume of specimens of needle- 
 Avork. The papers were really excellent. 
 
 St. John the Baptist’s School (German) of Joliet, is a three-story 
 limestone building affording pupils seven class rooms, a music hall 
 and a spacious hall for entertainments. 
 
 The school is in charge of the Franciscan Sisters, but the fifth and 
 sixth grade boys are taught by lay teachers. The attendance of both 
 boys and girls is about four hundred. Tavo volumes ot Avritten work 
 from each of the six grades constituted the exhibit of class exercises, 
 besides which there was a volume of pencil drawings containing some 
 verv pleasing specimens of childish skill. A volume ol miscellaneous 
 examples of fancy pen-Avork and of map-drawing was an attractive 
 and commendable collection. 
 
 The display of needle-Avork was quite extensive. Four pieces of 
 tapestry embroidery presented the folloAving subjects: — "The Old Oaken 
 Bucket,” “The Old Mill,” “Little Red Riding-Hood.” and a floAver. Be¬ 
 sides these there Avere seven tidies of various kinds, tAvo splashers, six 
 doilies, a head rest, two cushions, an infant’s hood and bib, a handker¬ 
 chief receiver, a photograph holder, a picture throw, a tray cloth, a 
 crocheted collar and purse and five samples of patterns in crochet work. 
 One little child bad made a “Charm String” bearing twelve hundred 
 buttons, and was permitted to place it in the exhibit, with what delight, 
 Ave may readily imagine. Six maps:—“The Western States,” “Wis¬ 
 consin,” “Michigan,” “The World,” “Utah” and “Arizona” appeared 
 among the fancy articles and reflected much credit on the industry and 
 skill of the little girls who drew them. 
 
 The Sacred Heart School of Lockport, established by Rev. J. J. 
 McGovern, D.D., in 1881, and placed in charge of the Sisters of Provi¬ 
 dence, contributed one A'olume of bound papers titled “General Work.” 
 The building contains four school rooms and there is an attendance of 
 one hundred and seventy-five children graded in tAvo departments, 
 grammar and academic. 
 
 The Immaculate Conception School of Morris, having an attendance 
 of one hundred and tAventy children, under the direction of Rev. M. I,. 
 Meehan, and taught by Sisters of the Holy Cross, contributed one 
 volume containing maps and special examination papers. 
 
 St. Anne’s in the village of St. Anne was founded in 1883, by Rev. 
 M. Martel. Forty- five girls and tAventy-five boys are taught by the 
 Sisters of the Congregation of Notre Dame of Montreal, Canada, in a 
 neat brick structure having plenty of room for the school as it in¬ 
 creases in the future. 
 
 The pretty little exhibit was as follows: —One volume from the 
 intermediate department, one from the elementary department, thirteen 
 books of penmanship and a neat collection of articles from the needle- 
 Avork class. This collection comprised several articles of ladies’ wear 
 showing excellent plain sewing, embroidery on a child’s dress, on tAvo 
 skirts, a pin-cushion, tAA’o bonnets for children and a child’s cape; the 
 
 120 
 
specimens of knitting were stockings, mittens, tidy, an afghan fora 
 baby carriage and baby shoes. Many a good housekeeper for future 
 homes will be found among the busy little ones who prepared this neat 
 work. 
 
 St. Joseph’s School of Wilmette, is a three-story building of red 
 brick, having several class rooms and a largo hall. The pupils, who 
 number one hundred and fifty, are taught by the Franciscan Sisters 
 from Milwaukee. 
 
 The exhibit presented very good written work in five volumes : Yol. 
 I., "English Studies” ; Yol. II., “German Studies” ; Yol. III., "English 
 Composition”; Yol. IV., “German Composition”: Yol. Y., “Arithmetic.” 
 The other volumes contained maps, drawings and specimens of pen- 
 
 trimmed with aSTauvoo stone, with a basement of the same excellent ma¬ 
 terial for boiler room and play rooms. The school consists of ten well 
 equipped class rooms and a hall which serves as a chapel for the pupils. 
 There are in attendance at present over 600 pupils following the ordi¬ 
 nary school grades. The school is taught by Brothers of the Holy Cross. 
 
 The exhibit consisted of seven volumes, containing language, arith¬ 
 metic, catechism, geography, history, orthography, book-keeping. 
 The penmanship was all clear and legible, some of it was very beautiful, 
 and that in which the book-keeping was presented was a good business 
 style. The work in arithmetic was excellent in methods and in results. 
 History, grammar and geography were each treated of in a manner 
 worthy of warm commendation. 
 
 "tiVfcF 
 
 ARCHDIOCESE OP CHICAGO. ELIZA ALL EM STARR’S ART EXHIBIT, ST. FRANCIS XAVIER ACADEMY, EPHl’HETA SCHOOL, AND HOUSE OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD. 
 
 manship. The fancy work was neat and pretty, speaking well for the 
 taste and industry of the girls, and several handsome watch-guards gave 
 credit to the boys who braided them so nicely, making them worthy of 
 the gold mounting that finished each one. Honor to the teachers of 
 the small village schools where there is so little to encourage, so little to 
 inspire enthusiasm, and yet where there are priceless souls to lie 
 guided aright. The small exhibits from such schools were as worthy 
 of consideration as the grandest from prosperous city schools, no doub+ 
 they cost more earnest endeavor, more unfailing effort. 
 
 St. Columbkille’s School for boys, of Chicago, is situated on the 
 northwest corner of Rumsey and Indiana Sts. It was built by the Rev. 
 Thos. Burke, the present rector of the parish, in 1885, and has been 
 maintained by him free to all pupils. It is a three-story brick building, 
 
 Cbe (Exhibits from Ctcabemtes of dfyicacjo. 
 
 Having enjoyed the many sincere pleasures arising from a minute 
 consideration of the Chicago parochial school work, we will now devote 
 our attention to the displays presented by the academies of the Diocese 
 of Chicago, but first let us pause before the alcove containing Miss 
 Starr’s choice exhibit. After a brief history of her class, from its origin 
 to the present hour of its honorable course, we will enter the alcove, 
 in spirit, and feast our eyes on its dainty treasures. 
 
 Eliza Allen Starr is indeed a name dear not only to every Catholic, 
 but respected by every non-Catholic in Chicago. Her place in the 
 Catholic Educational Exhibit was unique, and could not have been too 
 highly honored, for her life has been one of queenly devotedness to 
 
the cause that her great soul and her cultivated taste espoused, when 
 she became a member of the Roman Catholic Church. Miss Starr was 
 Chicago’s earliest teacher of art; the first to teach from still-life; the 
 first to give pupils real flowers to paint; the first to take nature for a 
 model; the first to use antique casts, also the first to paint from life. 
 Her pupils are to be found in various parts of our country, everywhere 
 reflecting honor on their instructor, and all remembering her with a 
 tender respect due to her as a noble Christian woman even more than 
 as a gifted and successful teacher. Miss Starr has spent the best years 
 of her life in the western metropolis, where she opened her Art School 
 in the spring of 1857, with four pupils:—Miss Annie Drummond, 
 daughter of Judge Drummond, Miss Julia Brainard, daughter of Dr. 
 Daniel Brainard, Miss Mary Newberry, whose father founded and en¬ 
 dowed the Newberry Library, and Miss Mary Reed, daughter of Mr. 
 John S. Reed. 
 
 From the opening of her school, in 1857, until the great fire in 1871, 
 Miss Starr’s popularity as a teacher was without precedent; the greater 
 number of the old families of Chicago availed themselves of the oppor¬ 
 tunity to have their young people trained to wield skillfully the magic 
 pencil and to have them taught a true appreciation of art, in its mani¬ 
 fold forms and' beautiful phases. The Kinzies, Ogdens, Joneses, Shel¬ 
 dons, Hubbards, Arnolds, Scudders, Prindivilles, Rumseys and 
 Whitneys, these and others equally honorable before the world, were 
 among her early pupils. In the great cities of both East and West, are 
 to be found lovers of art and skillful artists, who owe their taste and 
 training to Miss Starr, their instructor, their inspirer, their model and 
 friend. 
 
 It is interesting to know, in the light of what we have since heard 
 of his fame, that the Chief of Construction for the World’s Columbian 
 Exposition, Mr. Daniel Burnham, was, in his youth, a pupil of Miss 
 Starr’s, going from the instruction of her studio to the office of an archi¬ 
 tect, whence he came to win such glory for his share in the transforma¬ 
 tion of Jackson Park and in the creation of its wondrous beauties. 
 Mr. Walter Lamed and Mr. Edgar Stanton were also pupils of Miss 
 Starr, the former, by his rapid advancement, securing his father’s 
 approval of a true artistic career, and the latter entering, directly from 
 her studio, one of the best studios in Paris, without question as to 
 grade. 
 
 Miss Starr’s exhibit comprised selections made from the studies 
 painted or penciled in her studio during the two years immediately 
 preceding the Fair, and illustrated very clearly her course, from the 
 first exercises in dictation to proportions of objects, followed by 
 studies of light and shade, as relating to both flat and founded ob¬ 
 jects and of linear perspective, advancing to charcoal studies from casts, 
 and to flowers and landscapes in colors; also to studies from the 
 human head and the draped human figure. Her Columbian dis¬ 
 play included twelve flower pieces in water color: lilies, pansies, 
 wild violets, crocuses, tulips, sweet peas, daffodils, pinks and 
 morning-glories; three fruit pieces; six studies from the still-life 
 course; a picture of an Italian girl and of an infant’s head ; a collec¬ 
 tion of all the studies made by two pupils during the preparatory 
 course; a fine array of more difficult attempts, such as reproductions 
 of masks of Dante, a picture of St. Cecilia after Donatello; Thorwaldsen’s 
 Mercury and his Psyche, and Donatello’s St. John the Baptist. “Studies 
 in pencil and charcoal executed by a lad during the time from his ninth 
 to his twelfth year” were interesting as showing a pupil’s gradual pro¬ 
 gress from blocks to casts. The pieces displayed in this exhibit were 
 selected for the occasion, with the view, evidently, of illustrating prin¬ 
 ciples and methods, and not merely to “show off.” It was par excellence 
 an educational display, not an egotistical one. 
 
 In the illustration may be seen, at left of His Grace’s statue, a part 
 of Miss Starr’s art display, as presented in two alcoves. Several of the 
 flower pieces are quite clear; so also are several pieces from the antique 
 and from still-life. 
 
 Some time after the great fire destroyed her home, Miss Starr enjoyed 
 an extended European trip which added much to the rich stores of her 
 intellectual acquirements as author and as artist, and from these she 
 has given, generously and profusely, in the lectures it has been her cus¬ 
 tom to deliver to choice audiences, during one season of each year. 
 These lectures have increased a love of true culture and true art, while 
 removing much of the prejudice that some gifted minds entertained 
 against the Church. Herself a convert to Catholicity, she has been its 
 
 enthusiastic defender and has found her chief delight in manifesting its 
 glories of art and literature. 
 
 The illustration showing Miss Starr’s exhibit presents a view of the 
 display of needle-work from the House of the Good Shepherd. In the 
 foreground of the picture is a long glass-covered case containing several 
 sets of children’s clothing; on the opposite side of the statue is a 
 similar case in which may be seen the handsome bridal set that gained 
 so much attention and admiration. These elegant pieces were the work 
 of the inmates of an institution deserving more than a passing notice. 
 
 The House of the Good Shepherd had indeed a rich and very hand¬ 
 some display of fancy needle-work in the Chicago exhibit. This institu¬ 
 tion is on Hill and Market streets on the “North Side.” The building 
 now occupied, was erected after che great fire of 1871; it consists of a 
 central building, 82x30, and two wings, 78x38, five stories and a base¬ 
 ment, gothic style, of white brick, with Indiana pressed brick trimmings. 
 
 This institution, a retreat for lalien women, who desire to reform, 
 and a protectorate for destitute girls, ivas established May 21st, 1859, by 
 Rt. Rev. James Duggan, at that time Bishop of Chicago. He invited 
 the Sisters of the Good Shepherd of St. Louis to send a colony of 
 Religious to take charge of this great charity, under the patronage and 
 with the aid of the clergymen and the Catholic citizens of Chicago. 
 The institution is now mainly supported by the industry of the inmates 
 who are engaged in laundry work and in sewing of all descriptions, plain 
 and ornamental. The voluntary contributions of the public aid, to 
 some extent, in supporting this grand charity. 
 
 The exhibit of this institution was as follows: “The Isabella 
 Bridal Set” was made of white silk and embroidered in delicate patterns 
 and elaborate designs, varying according to the nature of the article- 
 There were four pieces to this set valued at §1,000; the robe had three 
 inches of. embroidery each side of the buttons, and all around the bottom 
 of the skirt and sleeves. The underskirt had embroidery six inches 
 deep and was cut in deep points around the bottom, these were lined and 
 filled in with flutings of lace. An infant’s white silk robe was hand 
 made, ornamented with embroidery, drawn-work and fancy stitching, 
 and was valued at §150.00. 
 
 An infant’s white merino cloak, hand made, was richly embroidered 
 in silk, and was said to be worth §105.00. 
 
 A §50 linen lawn robe, for an infant, was tucked, hemstitched and 
 embroidered; a §15 white merino skirt was heavily embroidered with 
 silk, so also was a baby blanket valued at §10. 
 
 “The Little Ruth Set,” named for the Cleveland baby, consisted of 
 three pieces, a white dress, a white muslin skirt and a white flannel 
 skirt, heavily embroidered and sewed with fancy stitching, all hand 
 work, and valued at §175. 
 
 There were two linen lawn dresses in drawn work and fancy 
 stitching, valued at §45 each; one was for a child four years of age, and 
 the other for an infant of two yearn. 
 
 A baby cap, a dainty thing of lace and embroider)’, was valued at 
 §12, and was the last article in this elegant assortment. 
 
 The Chicago Industrial School for Girls, in charge of the Sisters of 
 the Good Shepherd, had an exhibit of needle-work worthy of both 
 teachers and pupils. This school is a handsome three-story and base¬ 
 ment brick with stone trimmings, and is situated on Forty-ninth street 
 and Indiana avenue. It provides a home and proper training for such 
 girls as may be committed to its charge, that they may become good 
 and useful women. 
 
 All who visited the Catholic Educational Exhibit and paused in 
 pleased admiration at the entrance to the Chicago Department, will 
 remember that charming space, around the statue of His Grace of 
 Chicago, where the exhibits from the academies of the Diocese were 
 collected. Our illustrations reproduce the scene with as much vivid¬ 
 ness as pictures may, and we will revisit the spot in imagination. 
 
 At the Bishop’s left hand, and next to the alcove devoted to the 
 altar from the Papal Josephinum, Ohio, was the space which the Bene¬ 
 dictine Sisters of Chicago adorned with their beautiful display from Sts. 
 Benedict and Scholastica’s Academy on North Market St. 
 
 This community was established in the Western Metropolis in 1860, 
 and, after five years of energetic struggles, with the usual difficulties 
 that beset the pathway of God’s servants, a beautiful new Convent graced 
 the corner of Chicago Ave. and Cass St., where a school was opened 
 for young ladies. The great fire in 1871 disposed of this edifice in 
 . fewer hours than it had taken months to erect it, or years to pay for it. 
 
 122 
 
As soon as circumstances permitted, the Sisters rebuilt on the southeast 
 corner of North Market and Hill streets, the school being incorporated 
 in 1872. As the number of applications had greatly increased, it was 
 found necessary to erect a new building in 1882. This structure fronts 
 on Market street, and though not very extensive, lias accommodation 
 for 125 pupils. The first two floors are made use of as study halls, 
 recreation and class rooms; above are the studio and dormitories. The 
 
 plan of instruction embraces the courses of the primary and grammar, 
 as well as that of the academic department. The academy is intended 
 for both boarders and day scholars. Adjoining the building is a pleasant 
 garden, a delightful recreation ground for the pupils. The exhibits 
 from this institution comprised six bound volumes, also an art and a 
 needle-work display. 
 
 The Benedictine is one of the oldest Orders in the Church, but the 
 
 exhibit presented by the Chicago branch of it showed no sign of old age 
 or decay, only the increased ability which experience gives. The wall 
 display of the Benedictine Academy had above it a canopy of green 
 Florence silk, looped with white daisies and lilies of the valley; its 
 hanneret wt*s gold embroidery and illuminated work, on a white 
 ground. The Sacred Heart of Jesus in bullion embroidery, on white 
 watered silk, dedicated the exhibit, while the water color paintings, 
 studies from flowers, pansies, 
 roses and narcissus, adorned it, 
 and the drawings from the 
 antique, “Apollo,” “Antinous,” 
 and “Venus of Milo,” gave it 
 character. The oil paintings, 
 twelve in all, were of varied 
 merit; “The Hermit’s Treasures” 
 (skull, rosary and scourge), “Stud¬ 
 ies of Heads,” “From the Mar¬ 
 ket,” also several fruit pieces and 
 flower pieces, were worthy of 
 special notice. 
 
 Twenty pieces of fancy work, 
 toilet sets, scarfs, banners, toilet 
 boxes, mats, splashers and center 
 pieces embroidered in silk, on 
 cloth and on linen made a very 
 pretty display. 
 
 Only six volumes of grado 
 work, but such volumes! The 
 penmanship was like copper 
 plate; the illustrations were works 
 of art. These pupils had followed 
 the advice of the motto that hung 
 in the midst of their display, 
 “ Ora ct Labor a” and had, evi¬ 
 dently, asked the help of the two 
 saints whose pictures, in pastel, 
 found a prominent place in the 
 display. 
 
 The volume on Church His¬ 
 tory had a very significant frontis¬ 
 piece—a church was pictured as 
 on an elevation, from it flowed 
 seven streams into the valley 
 where a pilgrim, or a shepherd, 
 was represented as drinking and 
 giving water to his flock. There 
 is no need to explain a meaning 
 so evident. Papers on the “Heresy 
 of Berengarius,” on “Pelagian- 
 ism,” and on each mark of the 
 true church, on the “Theban 
 Legion,” the “Downfall of Jeru¬ 
 salem,” the “Martyrdom of St. 
 Cyrillus,” the “Day of Pentecost.’ ’ 
 — made up the volume on Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine. 
 
 The figures in geometry were 
 as pleasing to the eye as pictures, 
 and the work in algebra was 
 made attractive by its arrange¬ 
 ment in squares and columns, 
 statements on the left half and 
 solutions or analyses on the right 
 half of the page, with double lines 
 between. 
 
 The title pages of all the volumes were decorated, and the work 
 arranged in such a way as to produce a pleasing effect upon the eye. 
 
 The papers on science were illustrated with dainty pen sketches: 
 Geology presented the various strata; astronomy, the moon and Saturn, 
 the phases of the former, and the phases of the rings of the latter. 
 Logic presented man as a tree, the branches his various powers and 
 faculties; physiology showed the skull and the human hand; physics 
 
 ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO. SIDE VIEW OF ALCOVES NOS. 84, 86, 88 AND 90, SHOWING THE BEAUTIFUL STATUE OF 
 ARCHBISHOP FEEHAN IN CARARA MARBLE AND EXHIBITS FROM THE SISTERS 1 ACADEMIES. 
 
 123 
 
gave very choice and difficult illustrations of compound levers, of the 
 pressure of liquids and gases, etc. 
 
 Chemistry was arranged in columns, when an element was treated 
 of, giving name, source, properties and use. The reactions in chemistry 
 were beautifully written. 
 
 English and American literature were arranged in columns headed, 
 
 — “Time, Poet, Selection.” After giving names of several standard 
 authors and selections from their works, each pupil presented special 
 studies of Lowell and Longfellow. 
 
 The general history of England was given as a tree, the roots 
 were the kingdoms of the Heptarchy, the branches were arranged as 
 to the various royal families and the rulers belonging to them. In 
 addition to this exercise were given arguments founded on events in 
 English history,—for example, “Was Harold justified in breaking his 
 oath?” Besides the work on English history, there were papers on 
 various subjects from ancient history, such as—“Pyramid Building,” 
 “Phoenician Civilization,” “The Rivals, Rome and Carthage,” “The 
 Rivals, Sparta and Athens,” “The Struggles Between the Plebs and 
 Patricians.” 
 
 The volumes of German exercises were neat, correct and pretty,— 
 flowers and ferns, ornamental headings and beautiful title pages making 
 a fine effect. 
 
 The volume of “General Work” had for frontispiece, a photograph 
 of nine bright, intelligent young girls-; the border of hand-painted roses 
 and ferns added much to the beautiful appearance of this picture. 
 
 The lists, in the index of the volumes, had each of them, a flower 
 painted opposite the name, and the volume of compositions was dec¬ 
 orated in a similar way, roses, lilies, violets, golclen-rod and ferns 
 bloomed on every page nearly, and added much to the appearance of 
 the essays on “Science, the Handmaid of Religion,” “Three Points of 
 Controversy,” “Example Stimulates to Action,” etc. 
 
 The examination papers for ’92 were a severe test of the scholar¬ 
 ship of St. Benedict’s pupils, and they stood it well. The questions in 
 typewriting were bound with the written answers, adding greatly to 
 the clearness and interest of the exercises. 
 
 The crowning glory of this exhibit was a volume of original poems 
 written in exceedingly elegant penmanship on very heavy white paper, 
 ruled near the margins with gold. 
 
 Each poem had an appropriate illustration, in colors; “Ave Maris 
 Stella,” a ship on the sea, an island in sight, and a large brilliant 
 star in the firmament,— 
 
 “Thou to whom Columbus 
 Called when on the sea 
 ‘Ave Maris Stella" 
 
 Listen to my plea. 
 
 "Grant that fair Columbia 
 May forever stand 
 Blessed home of freedom, 
 
 My dear native land.’’ 
 
 “To the Sanctuary Lamp, ” (illustration, a golden lamp): 
 
 “Oh little lamp ! Unfading light 
 Before the altar day and night, 
 
 Within the church, so still and dark, 
 
 Thou keepest watch, thou tiny spark." 
 
 “The Angel’s Message” was the most elaborately illustrated, being 
 decorated with stars, with the crescent moon, and an angel bearing a 
 child to heaven. 
 
 A long poem, “The Journey,” was the most pretentious, and “A 
 Mother’s Love,” was the sweetest. 
 
 There were, in this volume, a number of commencement-day 
 greetings and valedictories, also poetical addresses to Rev. Mother 
 Superior, on various great occasions in her religious life. 
 
 The Benedictine exhibit was characterized by an elegance in taste 
 and by an exercise of good sense that we found nowhere surpassed, while 
 the poetic compositions were not anywhere equaled. 
 
 The patronage of St. Joseph means much for a religious institution, 
 whether its object be charity or education, so we will not be surprised 
 to find the Josephinum Academy prosperous and successful. 
 
 This institution, a large, stately edifice, four stories high, is the 
 property of the Sisters of Christian Charity, who established it, on the 
 corner of Oakley avenue and La Moyne street, in 1890. Forty boarders 
 and seventy day scholars were the select band that prepared the follow¬ 
 
 ing exhibit: Eight volumes of desk work, academic arid grammar 
 departments, presenting book-keeping, German, ornamental penman¬ 
 ship, map-drawing, object-drawing, and embroidery, twenty-seven 
 pieces of fancy work, eight oil paintings, seven crayon pictures. Each 
 history paper was introduced by an ornamental title page, and was 
 illustrated with maps. Each composition had an ornamental heading; 
 one on “The Death of Washington,” presented a pen sketch ol the 
 “Father of His Country,” and was very well and neatly written. “The 
 Landing of Columbus,” was treated of in a similar manner. The dia¬ 
 gramming and parsing in grammar were presented in a style which 
 made that dry subject interesting. The German volume was devoted 
 to religion and contained compositions which! served to illustrate special 
 peculiarities and idioms of the language. 
 
 The volume of drawings was a collection of excellent pencil copies 
 of various well-known pictures. The volume of maps, in Eureka 
 colors and colored ink, presented some admirable work, so also did the 
 volume of ornamental penmanship; the latter, besides specimens of 
 writing, contained pictures, executed in colored ink. The writer over¬ 
 heard a gentleman, who seemed, from his conversation, to be possessed of 
 immense information, comment very kindly on this small volume. He 
 was under the impression that the designs were original, the children’s 
 own conceptions, and he dwelt, at some length, on the benefit of such 
 exercises arid the fact that there is a vast field of employment open to 
 one who possesses the mental and the mechanical skill to produce small 
 “catchy” drawings for papers and magazines. 
 
 The Josephinum wall display comprised several bird pieces in oil, 
 “The Herons” and “The Golden Eagle,” were good. “The Deer’s Head,” 
 seemed to be a favorite with visitors, as they were frequently overheard 
 commenting on it kindly. “The Swallows,” “Fruit Piece,” and “A 
 Landscape.” bore a promise of future success. 
 
 Of the crayon pieces, “The Family Favorites,” a horse and a dog; 
 “The Forest King,” a stag; “My Noble Friend," a horse with a girl 
 feeding him; “The Village Home,” and a bunch of grapes were all 
 promising, but “The Family Favorites,” also the grapes, received the 
 most notice, though the stag was very often mentioned. 
 
 The collection of fancy work consisted of one scrim tidy, several 
 linen and five crocheted tidies, four silk scarfs, four embroidered and two 
 painted sofa cushions, one purse, a jewel, a glove and a handkerchief case, 
 a stand aside-board and a piano cover, all of which were handsomely 
 embroidered. In addition to these articles, the display included a white, 
 watered silk stole richly embroidered, by one of the Sisters, with crimson 
 and purple silks and threads of gold, after an elaborate design represent¬ 
 ing a multitude of roses and many passion flowers. That the work was 
 exquisitely accomplished, “goes without saying,” as a French idiom ex¬ 
 presses it, since the Sisters performed the beautiful task. 
 
 As early as 1846, five Sisters of Mercy arrived in Chicago, animated 
 with the zeal that the occasion and the locality required. Memory will 
 assure many of you that this is saying a good deal for their fervor and 
 zeal. Some of us know, either from history or from experience, what 
 Chicago was at that time, and can appreciate the difficulties of the 
 devoted little band from Pittsburg which under the guidance oi Mother 
 M. Agatha, founded St. Xavier’s Academy, in a small frame building on 
 Madison Street and Michigan Avenue. Mother Vincent, a Golden Ju- 
 bilarian of our own day, is the only surviving member of the little band. 
 
 From a day school of two departments, free and select, to a boarding 
 school of small dimensions and a few hoarders was the progress of a year, 
 as well as the inauguration of a steady advancement, until the great fire 
 of 1871 reduced the building to ashes. After the fire, the present 
 spacious academy was erected on Wabash avenue and Twenty-ninth 
 street. Here, between two and three hundred pupils enjoy the 
 advantages zealously and efficiently afforded them by a community 
 comprising two hundred members. 
 
 The exhibit from St. Xavier’s Academy, in Chicago, was arranged 
 next to that of the Benedictine Sisters, at the left of the statue. 
 
 A large picture of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, executed in oil, and a 
 life-like portrait of Archbishop Feehan, were in prominent positions on 
 the wall hack of the statue of His Grace, giving to the display at once 
 its religious and its diocesan significance. The portrait was the work 
 of a pupil; certainly it honored her. 
 
 Eight, or more, portraits in oil and in pastel showed various degrees 
 of skill in that most difficult department of art, where one must ignore 
 his ideality, and keep rigidly true to nature. The technique being so 
 
excellent, we took the fidelity to nature l'or granted in these pictures of 
 persons utterly unknown to us. Fruit and flower pieces, at least ten in 
 number, brightened the graver subjects, and gave honor to those 
 who had executed them. 
 
 Six landscapes of unequal merit were the work of six different 
 pupils. Several very beautiful and suggestive pictures were “Child of 
 Mary,” “Angel Heads,” and “Innocent Vanity”; they were favorably 
 noticed by many visitors. The last showed a canary bird admiring its 
 own image in a mirror. 
 
 Eighteen other pictures in oil, crayon and pastel, representing various 
 fancy subjects, completed this extensive display. In addition to the 
 above pictures, which occupied space on the great wall back of the statuej 
 the art department of St. Xavier’s Academy presented on the walls of a 
 booth, at the left of the statue,numerous charcoal, pen and pencil studies 
 from still life; also nineteen large drawings from casts and from life. 
 
 In addition to these drawings, were twenty-seven sketches in oil, 
 taken from nature by the sketch class; they were reproductions of scenes 
 familiar to every Chicagoan who has had leisure to enjoy the suburbs 
 of his great city, or to study the varied beauties of the lake and its shore. 
 On the same wall, appeared two handsome specimens of illuminated 
 work, one a poetical quotation, the other a part of the Lord’s prayer. 
 
 On a table, in this booth, was a portfolio of penciled pictures from life 
 and from still life, also a portfolio of charcoal reproductions of casts and 
 two volumes of perspective drawings ; besides these, there was a volume 
 of copies of medallions, also a volume of Prang’s Course from eighth 
 grade down. 
 
 The drawings from medallions were very creditable for pupils of the 
 eighth grade, but this work is not so interesting as that in the volumes 
 illustrating the “Four Years’ Course of Parallel Perspective Drawing.” 
 These volumes were gracefully dedicated to St. Luke, patron of Chris¬ 
 tian art, and contained the work of thirteen pupils in the first year of 
 the course, nine in the second and seven in the third and fifteen in the 
 fourth. Applications of the method were shown in drawings of long 
 halls, of staircases, as seen from various points of view, and of ships at 
 various distances from shore. A pupil in the fourth year of the course 
 presented a gothic hexagonal figure, another a •semi-elliptical arch and a 
 third a set of ornamented concentric circles. All were exceedingly well 
 executed. 
 
 A volume of “Studies in Sepia” was the collective work of several 
 pupils, each one’s part of the volume being indicated by a beautifully 
 ornamented title page, telling, in fancy lettering, the pupil’s name which 
 was wreathed in flowers. In this volume some of the most pleasing 
 pieces were “A Ship,” “A Banjo,” “A Moonlight Scene,” “Easter Bells,” 
 “A Landscape,” A Moonlight Scene,” A Church by the Seaside,” “A 
 Shadow From the Cross” and “A Banjo and a Sheet of Music.” The art 
 display was evidently, as was right and proper, the work of pupils, 
 but of pupils who reflected honor on their teacher. 
 
 St. Xavier’s has always been equally well known for her music and 
 for her art; she did not fail to make this manifest in her educational 
 exhibit. A volume of “Exercises in Harmony” presented the daily 
 work of the pupils in the music class, such exercises as, “Chord Con¬ 
 nection,” “Fundamental Falling a Third,” “Same Rising a Third,” 
 “Falling a Fifth,” “Cadences, Plagal, Authentic, and Complete”; “From 
 Major to Parallel Minor and return”; “Modulations: To relative Third 
 above, to Sub Dominant, to Dominant, from Tonic to Second, from 
 Second to Tonic” ; “Depression, four relative degrees, from C major to 
 major keys with sharps and return, from keys with flats to those with 
 sharps and vice verm"-, “Harmonic Closes with florid base.” 
 
 The volume closed with an arrangement of an accompaniment for 
 the Magnificat and for the Lam Deo, both of which were then given as 
 transposed, the former to the “Key of F,” and the latter to “Key ol D.” 
 
 From these exercises we turned to two large volumes of “Musical 
 Theory,” containing the papers of forty-five pupils; the work consisted 
 of the usual questions and of an unusual number of correct answers. The 
 decorations of these volumes were pretty and attractive; all titles were 
 given in fancy lettering; corner pieces and scrolls were ornamented 
 with drawings of birds and flowers; here and there appeared portraits of 
 famous musicians executed with pen and ink. Another volume con¬ 
 sisted of the exercises of twenty pupils in chords, embellishments and 
 scales. The tasty appearance of the volumes on music would have 
 made them a credit to the institution, even if their contents had not 
 been perfectly correct. 
 
 The grade work in the academic and scientific courses was bound in 
 morocco; there were six volumes, each containing the work of from six 
 to ten pupils, the best, we suppose, in each class. Four of these vol¬ 
 umes showed the proficiency of the pupils in the various requirements 
 of the four years’graduating course. Each pupil’s Christian Doctrine 
 paper was preceded by a pen picture of some holy personage, and intro¬ 
 duced by a page on which one of the beatitudes was inscribed in 
 illuminated letters. These decorative features added much to the 
 attractiveness of well-treated serious subjects. The various scientific 
 papers were illustrated with the pen, in black ink ; the cap-stand, com¬ 
 pound pulleys and other compound levers making difficult and elegant 
 specimens of drawing. The illustrations in astronomy executed in red 
 ink were very attractive, so also were the figures accompanying demon¬ 
 strations in geometry and trigonometry. 
 
 The papers on mental philosophy consisted of the usual technical 
 questions, and a discussion on the difference between wisdom and 
 knowledge, also the difference between abstract and intuitive know¬ 
 ledge. 
 
 The exercises in Latin were excellent and promised much for the 
 young ladies who were to continue the study of this noble language. 
 Each paper was introduced by a pen sketch of Cicero. The volume of 
 English essays was particularly interesting, the subjects well chosen 
 and well treated, the penmanship almost perfect. The following are 
 some of the subjects:—“Papal Infallibility,” “Spiritual Diamonds,” 
 “Woman’s Influence,” “Forsaking Principal for Interest,” “Life’s 
 Kaleidoscope.” The volumes of ornamental penmanship, for the four 
 years’ course, were elegant in every particular; those of the fourth year, 
 as was just and reasonable, were the most beautiful, presenting speci¬ 
 mens in various styles of writing and of printing, such as old English. 
 The alphabet, brief sentences and elaborate quotations had interspersed 
 among them pen and ink drawings of Columbus, Queen Isabella, Wash¬ 
 ington, Leo XIII., and the Sacred Heart of Jesus. One fun-loving girl 
 had in her collection of beautiful pen-work, a drawing of a small room 
 where appeared various domestic objects and animals and in the midst 
 of them was standing a jolly-faced old gentleman, with his hat on the 
 hack of his head, with a newspaper in his hand, and with smiles 
 illuminating his face and just breaking into a laugh, as he exclaims, 
 “Chicago got it!” “Got what?” “The Columbian World’s Fair, of 
 course. ” 
 
 To recapitulate, let the (perhaps) indolent reader, be informed 
 how many paintings, bound books and portfolios St. Xavier’s exhibit 
 comprised, asking him to reflect on the energy and patience required 
 on the part of all concerned in the preparation of this most creditable 
 display of school work. There were seventeen volumes of examination 
 papers, for the years ’92 and ’93, showing the proficiency of the pupils 
 in the branches of each of the four years’ graduating course; fifteen 
 volumes of ornamental penmanship; one of “Alumnal Leaflets,” one of 
 “Alumnal Essays,” two of photographs of “Alumiue”; one of the 
 “Echo,” the academy school paper; four of musical exercises, five of 
 drawings, described in the course of this article, and one of catalogues 
 of tire institution, from ’73 to ’91. On the walls were fifty framed pic¬ 
 tures, and, in a large glass covered case were twelve albums of choice 
 works in water colors, also of pen-work, besides a number of fine speci¬ 
 mens of the pupils’ skill in china painting, including cups and saucers, 
 cream pitchers and sugar dishes, plates and vases. There were several 
 pieces of the china that ranked with the best and the richest, with the 
 most elaborately painted and most skillfully burned specimens presen¬ 
 ted in the many displays. 
 
 We have not presumed to criticise this exhibit, nor to compare it 
 with other displays, we have merely stated the facts; we leave the 
 reader to draw conclusions. 
 
 St. Francis’ Academy, Joliet, is under the direction of the Sisters of 
 St. Francis, and lias been a chartered institution of learning since 1874. 
 The spacious building and extensive grounds afford all the conveniences 
 and advantages desirable in a home as well as in a school. 
 
 The exhibit of class and desk work was divided into two series; the 
 first included the ordinary mitten exercises of the primary and interme¬ 
 diate departments. The penmanship shown in the volumes contributed 
 by these grades was really wonderful in its beauty and accuracy, yet vol¬ 
 umes I. and II. comprised papers on language, spelling, composition, 
 letter-writing, arithmetic, geography, catechism and Bible stories, United 
 States and natural history, each set of papers in a-different hand, 
 
 123 
 
proving the work to have been the result of the pupils’ unaided efforts. 
 Each paper on sacred history was preceded by a picture, a print of some 
 biblical event which the pupil commented upon or described. 
 
 All the title pages were executed in elegant printing, each in* ink 
 of a different color. The one for geography was particularly attractive, 
 showing the terrestrial sphere, a blue ground with golden stars, and the 
 word geography printed in ornamental letters; the United States history 
 was introduced by a page on which were two flags, the Colonial and the 
 Bunker Hill, the former red, with white corner crossed by two red 
 stripes; the latter blue, with white corner crossed by blue stripes. 
 
 The second series presented two volumes of freehand drawings, the 
 copies of pictures; two of exercises in object drawing and one of speci¬ 
 mens of pen drawing. The last, which were commented upon very favor¬ 
 ably, were in various colors and included all sorts of familiar household 
 objects; near the end of the volume were several more difficult pieces, 
 such as Aurora, and others requiring considerable skill. A volume on 
 “Etiquette, Definitions, Rules and Quotations” had been compiled by 
 the pupils from instructions that had been given on this subject during 
 the year. It deserved and received special notice, for it gave an excel¬ 
 lent idea to teachers. 
 
 In paper covers, were “Essays” and “Studies in Water Colors,” by 
 one of the graduates ; in the former, the best production was a critique 
 on “Pope’s Essay on Man”; in the latter were ten or more pictures of 
 flowers and vegetables, and three scenes from nature, all skillfully exe¬ 
 cuted. The paper covers gave an opportunity for elaborate decoration 
 which was not neglected. To this collection belonged the physical geo¬ 
 graphy and the botany papers which were illustrated with drawings in 
 blue ink. 
 
 The musical exhibit consisted of a “Review in Harmony”; each 
 answer was illustrated with a pen sketch of the staff with the notes 
 placed as required by the nature of the question. “The Review in 
 Thorough Base” presented exercises to be analyzed, to exemplify fig¬ 
 ured base and to suggest original arrangements. The method and the 
 •pupils’ response to its requirements were quite equal to the best, hence the 
 institution is to be credited with a musical review, in every way commend¬ 
 able, so far as it extended in the studies of a complete musical course. 
 
 Of the three drawings in crayon, the portrait of Rev. F. Kalvelage 
 attracted the most attention. 
 
 The wall display included three crayon pictures:—a portrait, a 
 child, a horse’s head; four water-color pieces:—a scene from nature, 
 with a border of pansies; a child, “Little Rosebud”; another child, 
 “Little Miss Mischief” and a very showy picture, “Birds of Paradise”; 
 eleven oil paintings:—a portrait of Archbishop Feehan, four fruit 
 pieces, two still-life, three flower pieces, and one autumn scene; two 
 pencil drawings:—“Columbus” and “Chicago in 1833”; one pen-draw¬ 
 ing:—“Map of the Hemispheres,” with comparative areas, population, 
 mountains and rivers traced. In the wall display there were also two 
 framed pieces, one of needle-work, or tapestry embroidery, representing 
 Washington on some state occasion, and the other a center piece for a 
 counterpane, painted in oil colors on bolting silk. 
 
 The exhibit of decorative art and fancy needle-work was very exten¬ 
 sive, including not only many pieces but a great variety of styles. 
 Of lustra painting there were three specimens in form of banners, two 
 with peacocks and one with birds of paradise for figures. Gold em¬ 
 broidery was displayed on a white silk banner and on a Benediction 
 Veil. Some skillful brush work was shown on three jars decorated 
 with paintings of flowers, hollyhocks, pond lilies and roses, also on a 
 section of orange wood which bore a painting of orange leaves and 
 blossoms and on a handsome piece of ligneous fungi which presented a 
 pretty little scene from nature. 
 
 There were twenty-nine pieces of fancy needle-work:—a pin-cushion 
 of bolting silk painted in oil colors; sets of doilies,—silk with violets 
 painted on them and linen decorated with Roman embroidery; collar, 
 cuff and glove boxes ornamented in many pretty styles; a toilet set, 
 cushion and bottles, covered with silk crepe and point lace; two table 
 scarfs embroidered with silk and arassene; handkerchiefs and cravats 
 trimmed with point lace, former white, latter black; dresses, aprons and 
 skirts of various materials embroidered; baby hoods, purses and 
 lace patterns crocheted; several specimens of fancy knitting; a head 
 rest, a fan receiver, a whisk-broom holder, a work basket, a fruit basket, 
 a pen wiper and a blotter were prettily made and daintily decorated 
 after various suitable patterns. 
 
 An ancient Bible, a sixteenth century edition, attracted much inter¬ 
 ested attention and fulfilled a mission of defence of the church in regard 
 to the use of the Scriptures previous to the Reformation. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Seminary, Kankakee, is under the direction of the Sisters 
 of the Congregation of Notre Dame, Montreal, Canada. It is a brick 
 structure, 50x100 feet, four stories high, and is situated on Merchant 
 street where it was established by Rev. M. Sanglois, in 1865. 
 
 The exhibit comprised nine volumes of desk work, two for each 
 department, elementary, sub-senior, and senior; one of “Devoirs 
 Francais” ; one of United States history and one of music. 
 
 The ten volumes of drawing included a “Map of Kankakee,” a “Zoo¬ 
 logical Chart” (mammalia), a “Natural History Chart” (birds), a “Bo¬ 
 tanical Chart,” four volumes of “Linear Drawing,’ ’ one “Album of Paint¬ 
 ing and Drawing,” and two albums of studies in crayon. 
 
 The volume of “Senior Class” papers on mineralogy contained 
 illustrations that were truly superb; the coloring and the shading of the 
 correctly outlined precious stones and gems making the pictures bits of 
 true art, instead of mere illustrations. The astronomy volume contained 
 leaves of black and of blue, or light gray enameled paper on which were 
 drawn, with white and gold ink, exquisite diagrams of the constellations 
 of the zodiac, of the eclipses of the sun and of the moon, of the phases of 
 the moon, of the tides, and of other phenomena difficult to explain. 
 Each of the natural sciences was equally well illustrated, and the 
 problems in the various branches of mathematics were presented with 
 picture-like exactness. 
 
 “The Sub Senior” work represented physiology, illustrated with 
 pencil drawings, showing the structure of the bones, of the heart, and of 
 various other organs of the human body. 
 
 A review in geography was given in several different colored con¬ 
 centric circles, the many diameters making divisions for countries, 
 capitals, rivers, principal cities, products and other important items ; 
 a number of these schemes made some handsome pages. The various 
 subjects, in both history and geography, were explained with maps and 
 with pen sketches, and these were executed with the same skill as was 
 shown in the drawings for natural science. Among the elementary 
 papers, the “Information Lessons” were particularly attractive; a draw¬ 
 ing of an elephant, or a bee hive, or whatever the creature or object 
 might be, preceded the lesson which was then given in the manner 
 the child thought would best express the information he had gained 
 from books. 
 
 One of the higher volumes contained papers on “Household 
 Science”; one of these oj)ened with a drawing of a book-case and of a 
 table, with books resting on it, the author then proceeded to discuss 
 the possession, arrangement, and care of a library. In this way, each 
 apartment in a private house was treated of, and the pupil was taught 
 how to be a good housekeeper, as far as it can be done theoretically. 
 
 It is surprising how frequently it happens that the gay, thought¬ 
 less, apparently care-free school girl settles down to be the sweetest, 
 neatest, and most charming of housekeepers. Housekeeping is not so 
 much a matter of muscles and gravity, as of tact and cheerfulness, 
 after all, and it is well that boarding schools make instruction regarding 
 it one of the features of their course. 
 
 The review of the History of Rome opened with a pen sketch of the 
 Coliseum, the Forum, the Pantheon and other places of interest, con¬ 
 nected with the subject. 
 
 The volume on Music had, on its title page, pen drawings of various 
 musical instruments, and little pen sketches occurred in various places 
 throughout the papers. These consisted of questions written in red ink, 
 and answers given in black with various explanatory drawings in black. 
 
 The specimens of Kindergarten paper work were numerous and 
 excellent. Among the fancy work pieces, the Honiton lace was the 
 most beautiful. An extensive collection of photographs represented old 
 pupils and various parts of the convent. The charts, four, 24x32 inches, 
 framed, were very good indeed, though they were evidently copies, not 
 drawings from nature, since the objects they presented were not peculiar, 
 all of them, to our climate, but they were faithfully pictured, and used 
 to add interest to the lessons. The zoological chart showed the princi¬ 
 pal mammalia in modified tints of the duller colors. The birds were 
 drawn in black and white, and the botanical specimens in bright colors. 
 
 The wall display comprised nine oil paintings, landscapes, flower 
 and fruit pieces, studies from nature and portraits; one study in pastel 
 and one in water colors. There were very pretty specimens of painting 
 
on china, on ivorine ancl on glass. Two samples of hair work, one a 
 harp and the other a wreath, were exceedingly well executed. 
 
 Specimens of darning and mending were prominent in the needle¬ 
 work display, so also were samples of plain sewing, one being the work 
 of a little miss only seven years of age. Specimens of embroidery in¬ 
 cluded the outline and the satin stitch, the French and the Roman 
 style; the crochet work comprised a shawl, a bib, a necktie, a child’s 
 skirt, a lady’s skirt, a child’s jacket and several tidies. An example of 
 seed work, a bureau scarf, a pillow sham, a nightdress case, knitted 
 socks, stockings, mittens, slippers, cape and bedspread, also three pieces 
 of point and Honiton lace completed the display of ladies’ handiwork. 
 There were four kinds of specimens of pretty Kindergarten paper work. 
 
 St. Rose’s School for Boys, Kankakee, Ill., is under the charge of 
 the Sisters of the Congregation of Notre Dame, Montreal, Canada. The 
 exhibit comprised two volumes of elementary work, four of linear 
 drawing, one of map drawing, one of Kindergarten work and one of 
 photographs. 
 
 The papers, whose contents were well expressed and carefully 
 written, treated of reading, spelling, language and geography, in both 
 French and English, and were the work of boys averaging twelve years 
 of age. 
 
 The geography was given by the brace system, and at the end of 
 each outline the pupil had written his own remarks regarding the coun¬ 
 try treated of, making use, in this way, of general information obtained 
 from other sources than the text book. 
 
 Each subject was illustrated with a map in colors. 
 
 A number of letters and business notes reflected credit on boys so 
 young. A drawing of an envelope, with superscription written, and a 
 real Columbian two-cent stamp in proper place, showed a practical idea. 
 
 The “Picture Lessons” were interesting; a print from some paper 
 or magazine was on one page, and the pupils’ description or story on 
 the opposite. The childish efforts were very pleasing. 
 
 We can imagine the patience practiced by their devoted teachers 
 before these little boys were trained to draw such pretty, neat maps as 
 we found in this exhibit. 
 
 This school was established in 1887 by Rev. P. Paradis, and has an 
 average attendance of one hundred and fifty pupils. 
 
 Notre Dame Academy, Bourbonnais, Ill., is a three-story frame 
 structure, occupied by a school of one hundred and forty pupils, taught 
 by the “Sisters of the Congregation of Notre Dame of Montreal, Canada. ” 
 It was established by Rev. N. Gingras, in 1860. 
 
 The exhibit consisted of eight volumes of grade work, four of map 
 drawing, seven of linear drawing, six of United States history, three of 
 object drawing and one of music. The wall display comprised five maps, 
 six drawings, ten pictures in crayon, five in oil, one picture on a shell, 
 and one on ivorine. 
 
 The needle-work included ton specimens of plain sewing, twelve of 
 various kinds of embroidery, and three or four of knitting. The pink 
 and white and the blue and white baby-sets, were, as young ladies 
 exclaimed, “too sweet for anything!” It was a hopeful sign of future 
 thrift to see so many pieces of plain sewing in several of the exhibits. 
 In the one under consideration were an embroidered wrapper, and two 
 dresses, difficult tasks for school girls, but tastefully accomplished- 
 a delight to their mothers, no doubt. What could be a more elegant 
 and suitable gift from a young lady to her pastor, to him who baptized 
 her, and gave her her first Holy Communion, than a lace surplice, the 
 work in every detail of her own dainty hands? It is one of the happy 
 privileges of hands skilled in fancy work that they can help to adorn 
 God’s altar, and aid to make vestments for His priests. In this display 
 was a very handsome surplice that caused this reflection. 
 
 This exhibit, like many others, was distinguished by its banner of 
 white and gold, bearing the name of the institution in ornamental 
 letters. 
 
 Below this banner were a few pictures, the work of children: a bas¬ 
 ket of apples, a cat, “Fishing by Torchlight,” “The Inundation,” 
 showing a group of poor, perplexed and frightened dogs, very well drawn 
 in crayon; “The Horseshoe Falls” was also a very excellent piece. 
 
 Five sets of Krone’s map, and seven of his linear drawing showed 
 the usual childish skill. Three of Holmes’ drawing books, giving 
 studies of flowers, leaves and animals, being more difficult, were more 
 attractive. “An Imitation to Lunch,” “The Little Peasant Girl,” 
 “The Duck,” the head of Venus, the bust of Columbus, and the head 
 
 of the Blessed Virgin, also hands and feet from life constituted part of 
 the art display. 
 
 Among the framed maps were six of the United States, showing the 
 country’s political divisions at six different dates; one of the “Discov¬ 
 eries of Columbus,” one of North America, one of Kankakee county, a 
 Production map and a Relief map of the United States, all were interest¬ 
 ing to the mind and pretty in appearance. 
 
 Sacred, United States and English history papers had the subjects 
 outlined, explanatory maps drawn, and the themes treated in essay 
 form. 
 
 The reading lessons that had been assigned by the teacher had been 
 copied from the reader, and were followed by delightful “Literary Analy¬ 
 ses” which enclosed in braces the information given by the pupil. The 
 first required “Person, Time and Place,” the second, “Words and Ac¬ 
 tions,” the third, “Result and Moral.” 
 
 One lesson given was “The Two Travelers and the Oyster”; the 
 manner in which the child had filled out the space at the right of the 
 brace was extremely enjoyable, the quaint expressions and original, 
 childish ideas, shaming the productions of many an older pen. 
 
 In all the grades which called for reading as part of the course this 
 method was pursued, and the exercise of the mental faculties, memory, 
 judgment, taste and conscience thus attained Avas admirable. 
 
 Phraseology, word analysis, grammar, letter writing, essay writing, 
 and the literary analysis of the reading lessons must surely increase the 
 pupil’s vocabulary, and secure, on his part, a correct use of the English 
 language. The arithmetic papers were methodical, presenting neat and 
 accurate work. 
 
 The revieAV on penmanship included questions regarding elements, 
 principals, movements, positions, and similar points. The ansAvers 
 were invariably accompanied by illustrations which greatly increased 
 their value. 
 
 The papers on etiquette Avere practical and contained the “Maxims 
 of Washington, ” written - front memory. 
 
 The Christian Doctrine papers were a credit to the institution and an 
 honor to the teachers Avhose pupils had so faithfully, observed their re¬ 
 quirements. Each paper treated of five or more subjects, to each of 
 which Avas devoted a brief, well-worded paragraph, so Avritten and 
 arranged as to please the eye as Avellas the judgment. 
 
 An essay on “The Church in the Nineteenth Century,” Avas an ex¬ 
 position of ecclesiastical affairs in every nation in Europe and in every 
 part of America at the present time. A difficult subject and most 
 admirably treated. The paper was decorated with draAvings of the 
 A’arious Papal insignia in crimson and gold. 
 
 A composition on Columbus Avas well written and adorned Avith pen 
 pictures of the great Discoverer on his ship and on land, also with a map 
 of Cuba, and Columbus’Coat of Arms in crimson, blue and gold. A 
 composition outlie State of Illinois gave much valuable information and 
 presented the Coat of Arms of the State in gold and in colors. 
 
 A biographical and character sketch, “The Great Trio,” (Grant, 
 Sheridan and Sherman) Avas exceedingly praiseAvorthy, and presented a 
 pen drawing of each general, also the American eagle, in brown and 
 gold, besides the United States flag and a United States streamer in 
 the proper colors. 
 
 The essays on the natural sciences, Physics, Astronomy. Botany, 
 Geology, and Zoology Avere elegantly illustrated with pen drawings in 
 black on white and in Avliite and gold on black enameled paper. 
 
 The French Course was just as thorough and systematic as that in 
 English, and higher praise could not be given it, if the volumes in the 
 exhibit were, as we believe, samples of ordinary school work. 
 
 There was, among others, a volume of parochial school work 
 which, though the penmanship Avas not quite so good, compared fav¬ 
 orably with the academy work, when the subjects Avere similar the 
 drawing, illustrations, and methods in general being almost as good. 
 
 All Ave need desire for Notre Dame Academy is that it may continue 
 to advance in the future as it has in the past. 
 
 The Sisters of Mercy, from Nashville, Tenn., established in 1883 an 
 institution chartered June, 1888, under the title of St. Patrick’s Academy 
 of Chicago, Ill. 
 
 It occupies a pleasant, healthful site on Park and Oakley avenues. 
 The building is large, affording room for spacious study halls, properl v 
 appointed class rooms, and the various apartments necessary for the 
 comfort and the convenience of a hundred pupils. 
 
 127 
 
St. Patrick’s wall display presented a choice collection of pictures, 
 in oil and pastel. Though we have made it a point to give no names, 
 the young artist will recognize their work from the comments, and some 
 pieces deserved very kindly notice. For instance, the morning-glories 
 trailing over a doorstep; they were well executed and were frequently 
 mentioned by visitors. The two panels in oil, “Ye merry birds,” they 
 might be called, ranked with the best in the display. Of the three land¬ 
 scapes, the old mill in pastel, was best, but was almost hidden by a pic¬ 
 ture on another wall. The live fruit pieces were of unequal merit, the 
 strawberries and the grapes being the best, though the apples and corn 
 falling from a basket were very well executed. “The Disputed Way”— 
 two kittens crossing a pool of water, from opposite directions on a small 
 branch of some tree — was well presented, so also was the dog with a wild 
 duck in his mouth. A golden-haired maiden, with her arms full of 
 English daisies, was a trifle too prim, a pretty subject treated with all a 
 beginner’s anxious endeavor to meet approval. 
 
 Superior to all the other pieces, and executed with considerable taste 
 and talent, were the copy of Carlo Dolci’s Madonna, in crayon ; the 
 Madonna and sleeping Infant Jesus, in pastel; and Pharaoh’s horses,in 
 black and white. Above the wall display was a white watered silk 
 banner, ornamented with gold, bearing a golden cross and the name of 
 the academy in golden letters. 
 
 The needle-work accomplished by St. Patrick’s pupils consisted of fine 
 silk crochet work, beautiful silk embroidery, an elegant Egyptian border, 
 and plain sewing. The decorated china work was very pretty, of dainty 
 coloring and elegant design. 
 
 The bound work included thirty-seven volumes; the four of Kin¬ 
 dergarten methods contained the usual paper-folding, paper-cutting and 
 paper-weaving, so pleasing to the visitor’s sight, so delightful to the eyes 
 of the little ones. 
 
 German, French and Latin, two volumes of the last and one of each 
 of the others, were presented, in written exercises, translations and com¬ 
 positions. The History of the Creation, in catechetical form, was made 
 the basis of the Latin lessons, and served a double purpose, giving 
 two-fold instruction. Another volume of Latin exercises was based on 
 Cicero and Sallust. 
 
 Light, heat and electricity were treated of in five papers on physics. 
 The principal elements were treated of in inorganic chemistry, and the 
 most familiar and useful of the oils, ammonias and alcohols in organic 
 chemistry. In algebra there was neat work in equations of the first 
 degree; in geometry, demonstrations from Books IV. and VI.; in trig¬ 
 onometry, the work was fairly difficult and fairly free from errors. Trig¬ 
 onometry gave opportunity for elegant illustrations. 
 
 A small volume on “Science” contained some illustrated papers on 
 zoology and botany. “Rhetoric” had outlines of diction and all things 
 pertaining to it; the work in history was also outlined. This is one of 
 the best methods of teaching these subjects, if, as in this case, it is used 
 in moderation. The volumes of Intellectual Philosophy and Logic con¬ 
 tained papers on the various mental faculties, and the usual questions 
 and answers peculiar to young ladies’ examinations on these subjects. 
 
 Church History was given in very well-written essays on “The Early 
 Church,” “The Persecutions,” “The Heresies,” “The Councils.” Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine was given in essays on “The Infallibility of the Pope,” 
 “Penance,” “Charity,” and other similar subjects, also in several ques¬ 
 tions to which had been given properly expressed answers. 
 
 A volume of essays, all on Queen Isabella, disposed of that subject 
 thoroughly and very gracefully. Three volumes of drawings contained 
 the graded work from the use of blocks as models to the copying and 
 the originating of various industrial designs. 
 
 Three volumes of “Thorough Bass” and two of “Original Music,” 
 proved the love of St. Patrick’s pupils for the heavenly science. 
 Work from Bach, Handel, Mozart, Chopin and Clementi showed a 
 cultivated, classical taste. Each title page, throughout these books, had 
 a pen drawing of a lyre, and a scroll containing the pupil’s name. Some 
 of the exercises were as follows: “Exercise transposed from key of F”; 
 “Exercise copied from Mozart’s Sonata in C”; “Exercise—Handel, Suite 
 Treizieme.” 
 
 Second volume:—Thorough Bass, “Dominant sevenths and their 
 resolutions, major and minor; major chords and their derivatives; 
 minor chords and their derivatives.” One page contained illustrations of 
 major and minor seconds; diminished third, augmented third, perfect 
 fourth, etc., to sevenths and octaves. Exercises were copied from 
 
 “Bach’s Invention” and from “Bach’s Prelude No. XL”; transpositions 
 were given from key of B flat and from key of G. 
 
 An original violin piece, by a pupil only thirteen years of age, closed 
 this volume. Another book contained exercises in rudiments of har¬ 
 mony, intervals, inversions of intervals; common chords major and 
 minor, chords of tonic and attendant harmonies; chords of scale tones; 
 scales, D A E and B. This volume also presented exercises in contrary, 
 oblique and similar motion; in chords of the sevenths, in four positions; 
 in dominant sevenths and their resolutions; in bass ascending one 
 tone; dominant sevenths, with interrupted resolutions, the bass ascend¬ 
 ing a diatonic semi-tone. A third volume gave original accompani¬ 
 ments for songs, English and Italian. 
 
 A portfolio of maps and an herbarium showed the proficiency of the 
 pupils in geography and botany. 
 
 Selections from standard authors made a beautiful volume on litera¬ 
 ture, while the original poems showed a laudable, and, no doubt, well- 
 founded desire to enter the same field and to enjoy a kindred fame. 
 
 There were bound volumes of the Academia, a handsome, well edited 
 school journal, devoted to the interests of St. Patrick’s Academy. 
 
 The Institute of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, a boarding school 
 for young ladies, was established at Washington Heights, Ill., in 1875, 
 by the School Sisters of Notre Dame. The four-story brick structure 
 is very handsome in appearance, and affords ample space for all the re¬ 
 quirements of modern education. The institution was known formerly 
 as the Academy at Washington Heights, but a postoffice having been 
 recently located at Longwood, a nearer station, the name, but not the 
 site, of the academy was changed. 
 
 Fourteen volumes of grade work, five folios of drawings, charts, and 
 maps and twenty-four wall pieces made up the exhibit of this institu¬ 
 tion. The illustration of alcove 58 shows this display in full. Several 
 of its framed pieces may be seen on the wall back of His Grace’s statue. 
 
 “Spelling, Etymology and Language,”—the first was excellent, and 
 the second and third gave proofs of careful teaching, according to recent 
 approved methods, as did also the exercises in grammar and rhetoric. 
 The work in mathematics was like a picture, in the pleasure it afforded 
 the eye, by its neatness and order. The movement exercises in writing 
 explained the origin of the beautiful penmanship to be seen in all the 
 volumes of grade work. Interesting “Phonographic Transcriptions” 
 were among the many proofs that the pupils of this institution were re¬ 
 ceiving a practical education. A school journal, “Our World,” edited 
 by the members of St. Thomas’ Reading Circle, was exhibited. This 
 particular copy contained among other good things, a paper on the 
 “Benefit of the World’s Fail - ,” a composition on “Now, 1892, and Then, 
 1792,” also “An Imaginary Conversation Between Holmes and Tenny¬ 
 son.” The characterization in the last was exceedingly well conceived, 
 and was kept faithful to the traditions regarding these great men. A 
 volume of “Current History” suggested an excellent idea; it gave the 
 principal events of the day, and proposed the question, “What Would 
 Have Happened Had Columbus not Discovered America?” Twenty or 
 more young ladies made anxious investigations, and expressed the result 
 in polished prose. 
 
 Two volumes of political and physical geography presented num¬ 
 erous illustrations, comprising both maps and pictures; astronomy was 
 illustrated with drawings of the phases of the moon, of the zodiac and 
 its signs, of the constellations, also of the earth through its yearly path, 
 showing equinoxes, solstitial points, tides and eclipses. The papers on 
 physiology showed drawings of the heart and the lungs of a calf sketched 
 from nature, also pencil drawings of the various organs of sense, and of 
 the brain. Sacred history presented maps and charts. Literature 
 showed a photograph of each author who was discussed or quoted. 
 Prose compositions on flowers were each decorated with a dried speci¬ 
 men of the flower discussed. Several sets of examination papers and 
 compositions had covers of celluloid on which were painted pretty de¬ 
 signs. Several wall charts added greatly to the impressiveness of the 
 framed exhibits; one, 30x36, called “Literary Landmarks,” presented 
 mountain peaks on which were authors’ names ranked in height accord- 
 to their fame; one, 36x30, was of the alimentary canal, as found in 
 various animals; one, 40x30, showed the rain-fall of both continents; 
 two 25x20, each, represented the heavens at night with white stars on 
 a blue ground. There were also twenty-five wall maps, Sxl2, for polit¬ 
 ical and physical geography and, in addition to them, twenty-four pen¬ 
 cil drawings, 8x12, representing all sorts of domestic utensils. 
 
 128 
 
.■sixteen glass covered cases contained dried botanical specimens, a re¬ 
 markably large and varied assortment, showing a wide information re¬ 
 garding the subject. In a volume of original poetical compositions was 
 a drama, “The Court of Areopagus”; the characters were Homer, 
 Hesiod, Pindar, and other Grecian poets, philosophers and orators, each 
 of whom spoke elegantly in polished verse. 
 
 The prologue told the purpose of the Court, then it was opened bv 
 Homer ; each great character expressed his views, and, after an ode to 
 Antigone, the drama closed with an appeal to Christians to excel these 
 noble pagans in virtue and in true living. As the production of school 
 girls it was certainly admirable; the task must have been accomplished 
 under the supervision of a teacher, herself no mean poet. 
 
 print, “I'll Take Care of You, Grandma,” were skillfully reproduced in 
 crayon. 
 
 A portrait of Pope Leo XIII., and a painting of the “Mother of 
 Sorrows,” gave to the display a double dedication, as it were, to God 
 and to the Church. 
 
 The crowning glory of this exhibit was its ornamental pen-work. 
 Thirteen pieces, 12x16, or larger, in oak frames, displayed in a remark¬ 
 able way the skill of thirteen young girls. 
 
 However eloquent the expressions used, anything that might be said 
 of this work would be faint praise, for it was truly indescribable. “Our 
 Home,” the first of the group, represented the “Institute of Our Lady,” 
 with various decorations, such as laurel wreaths, long quill pens, and 
 
 iiT/ 
 
 & 
 
 3 
 
 
 »* 
 
 id 
 
 
 
 ALCOVE NO. 58. INSTITUTE OF OUR LADY, LONGWOOD, ILLINOIS. SCHOOL SISTERS OP NOTRE DAME, CLASS AND ART WORK AND HERBARIUM. 
 
 The wall display of “Our Lady’s Institute” included the charts, birds holding scrolls on which was written in full the address of the In- 
 
 already mentioned, thirteen paintings in oil, two in water colors, one in stitute. Under a pen drawing of a large quill pen that was placed, as it 
 
 pastel, and eight pictures in crayon drawing, also twelve specimens of were, across the middle of the page, was printed in ornamental letters, a 
 
 ornamental penmanship. quotation from Spencer, “The pen, the pen, the brave old pen,” etc., 
 
 Of the paintings in oil, “Going to the World’s Fair,” presented a this piece was a sort of introduction to the others. To expedite the de¬ 
 little Miss, six or eight years old, dressed up like grandma. It had scription of these pieces, let it be stated, in regard to all of them, that 
 
 some faults, but they were overbalanced by the good points; the studies the background was filled in with hair-like lines, curves, spirals and 
 
 of golden rod, lilies, lilacs, pansies, poppies, morning glories and veg- waves, all pen-work; that the border of each piece was after a special 
 
 etables, were pleasing; the “Moonlight Scene in Norway” was excellent; design, made up of the most intricate and elaborate patterns ; that the 
 
 “The Betrothed,” a piece in pastel, was really beautiful—the sweet- shading, executed with the pen, gave to the sheet, on which the chart 
 
 faced bride, in her snowy robes, her veil held back by bright-winged work was written, the appearance of variously-shaped scrolls, of irreg- 
 
 Cupids, was well portrayed. ularly torn or cut sheets, or of the stylish “ragged edge”; there must have 
 
single square inch of these specimens of rare skill in the handling of 
 a pen. 
 
 “The Dedication” was the second in this group of wall pieces, and 
 comprised the “Ave Maria” and “Magnificat” in large ornamental and 
 ornamented letters, with lilies and other appropriate emblematic 
 flowers as decorations. 
 
 The third was Astronomical, in which were represented the signs 
 and constellations of the Zodiac, the earth’s yearly journey, showing 
 solstitial and equinoctial points; the phases of the moon, the tides and 
 the seasons. Remember, these were not mere outlines, such as are 
 executed in any properly taught astronomy class, but exquisitely 
 shaded work. 
 
 The fourth was founded on Botany and had an elegant and elaborate 
 design at top of the page, then a wall of square stones, and on each 
 stone a botanical specimen; here and there doves were flying, bearing 
 botanical specimens in their mouths. The border of this piece was 
 made up of oak-leaves. 
 
 The fifth was on Physics, and presented, in carefully shaded pen- 
 work, the principles of the six simple machines, and the laws of pres¬ 
 sure of liquids and gases. 
 
 The sixth was on Ancient History and, as the elaborate designs are 
 presented to your imagination, remember it was pen-work; not the 
 work of the flexible brush or adaptable pencil, but of the stiff arbitrary 
 pen. The background of this piece was of small, finely written spirals, 
 and the border was of Egyptian, Greek and Persian scrolls. In the 
 middle of the top part of the page were the three Pyramids of Gizeh, 
 with camels and their drivers beside them, as a foil to the size of the 
 vast structures. Next was a bust of Homer, in the midst of ancient 
 emblems and designs, also a figure (a winged horse with a human head) 
 from the gate at Nimrod, and a perspective line of columns from the 
 Great Hall of Karnak. Then, Solon’s Tablets, and a part of the 
 Claudian Aqueduct, its columns and arches in perspective, also the 
 Roman Coliseum. To one who reflects on the shading required for the 
 proper development of the chief features of these difficult objects, when 
 produced in pen-work, the results are valuable above price. 
 
 The English History Chart, also pen-work, presented a tall column, 
 the pedestal of which bore the inscription “Growth of Liberty.” At the 
 top of the column was a female figure representing Liberty, Victory or 
 Progress; from her hand fell a ribbon which twined round the column, 
 and bore inscriptions such as the following, “First Chapter of English 
 Liberty, Henry I., A. D. 1100”; “Magna Charta, John, 1215”; “Institu¬ 
 tion of House of Commons and Trial by Jury”; “Parliament Divide*} 
 into House of Commons and House of Lords”; “Edward III., 1340”; 
 “Emancipation of the Serfs, Richard II., 1380”; “Petition of Rights, 
 Charles I., 1628”; “Social Revolution”; “Habeas Corpus, Charles II., 
 1679”; “Bills of Rights Under Mary and William, 1689” ; “Corporation 
 and Test Acts Repealed, 1828, George IV.” ; “Passage of the Catholic. 
 Emancipation Bill, George IV., 1829”; “Slavery Abolished in the 
 Colonies, William IV.”; “Substitution of Ballot for Open Voting”; 
 “Repeal of Corn Laws”; “Removal of Restrictions on Trade.” All this 
 was in fine printing, on a delicately shaded column at the right hand- 
 side of the page; at left hand side, were oak leaves gracefully looped 
 together; in among these, were large letters forming the expression 
 “Progress of Civilization”; on the leaves were written the principal 
 events that aided progress in England, such as, “Introduction of Chris¬ 
 tianity,” “Disappearance of Feudalism,” “Invention of Printing and 
 Erection of Colleges.” 
 
 A graceful succession of curves bore the names of the various Eng¬ 
 lish royal families. Chains, linked in circles and joined by other links, 
 contained the names of individual monarehs of the various royal families. 
 The chain hung in two loops for houses of York and Lancaster, each in¬ 
 dicated by a cluster of roses of the proper hue. Many elaborate decora¬ 
 tions completed this incomparably beautiful piece of work. 
 
 The Church History Chart presented in links of chains and on beau¬ 
 tiful scrolls the names of the Popes and the chief events affecting the 
 welfare of the church. Doves and various Papal insignia completed the 
 handsome design. 
 
 Beautiful as they were, the writer fears to trespass on time and space 
 by dwelling on the special features of the remaining parts of this elegant 
 group of charts. Suffice it to say, that “Painting,” “Literature,” 
 “Music,” and “American History” were as charmingly treated as the 
 other subjects. There was not a similar display in any educational 
 
 exhibit of Catholic, state or private institutions. There was no display 
 of pen-work that even remotely approached the perfection of these 
 charts in beauty and originality of design, or in skillful and exquisite 
 execution. It is to be regretted that they were not photographed. 
 They appeared, during the Fair, on the outside wall of the alcove, at 
 the right of His Grace’s statue, as one faced it; but it so happens that 
 none of the photographs from which our illustrations are taken show 
 these charts. This one display would have been sufficient to give fame 
 to Our Lady’s Institute. 
 
 St. Viateur’s College is situated near Kankakee City, and is under 
 the direction of the priests and Brothers of the Community of St. 
 Viateur. Founded in 1865, and chartered with university privileges in 
 1874, this college has made steady progress, year by year, not only 
 in the number of pupils attending but in the advantages afforded them. 
 
 The exhibit presented a volume of preparatory studies, by pupils 
 averaging thirteen years, in which we found excellent work in percent¬ 
 age, with and without time, interesting papers on Christian Doctrine 
 and Bible History, also on Commercial Law, “Fraud and Deceit,” “Bank¬ 
 ruptcy,” “Assignee’s Duties,” “National and International Laws,” being 
 some of the subjects treated. The dictation exercises of the grade 
 showed varied ability on the part of pupils. 
 
 In the volume of higher studies were papers on “ Jouin’s Evidences of 
 Religion,” and among the subjects discussed, from a religious point of 
 view, were “Must Common Schools be Reprobated,” “Has the State a 
 Right to Impose Tax for the Support of Public Schools ?” and other 
 subjects of similar bearing. Such debates, conducted under the super¬ 
 vision of wise instructors, are certainly an admirable preparation for the 
 conflict in which every earnest Catholic youth must engage when he 
 takes his place in society. 
 
 Again, in these days of the glorification of material science, how 
 beneficial the discussion of such themes, as : — “God Knowable,” “What 
 Unbelievers Deny,” “The Principle of Life Not a Mechanical Force,” 
 and “The True Messiahship of Christ.” 
 
 It is to be regretted that space will not permit copious quotations 
 from the papers written on the above subjects by St. Viateur’s pupils. 
 
 The Latin exercises consisted of translations from Horace, his “Odes,” 
 “Satires,” and “The Art of Poetry,” particularly; translations from 
 Cicero and others, also from Tacitus, his “De Oratoribus,” “Germania” 
 and “Agricola,” principally. 
 
 The English compositions presented were an “Ode to Columbus” 
 and essays on the following subjects“Oratory, the Best Form of 
 American Literature,” “America, Field of Our Future Labors, ” “Intel¬ 
 lectual Strength,” and a critique on Edwin Arnold’s “Light of the 
 World.” 
 
 It is needless to say that the papers on mathematics were good, 
 since boys delight in arithmetic and algebra, while wondering why 
 grammar was invented, unless it were to torture guileless, youthful mas¬ 
 culines. 
 
 These boys, however, must have conquered the distasteful branch, 
 or we would not have found them studying Balmes’ Logic; discussing 
 Brownson’s essays; treating of the various mental operations and the 
 Syllogism; arriving, reasonably, at the conclusion, “Tolerance is Founded 
 on the Virtues of Charity and Humility,” and writing a thesis on 
 “Certitude and Skepticism.” 
 
 Papers by members of the Intellectual Philosophy Class treated of 
 Scholasticism: £ 'Its Meaning,” “Its History and Development,” “Its 
 Value Compared with Other Systems,” and “Its Merit as Recognized by 
 Leo. XIII.” 
 
 Ontology presented papers on “The Various Kinds of Causes,” one, 
 “The Categories,” on the infinite and the finite beauty; Cosmology 
 presented brief statements regarding “Quantity,” “Quality,” “Objec¬ 
 tivity of Quantity,” and “Nature’s Laws,” also “Atomism, Dynamism 
 and the peripatetic system of matter and form.” 
 
 Very important subjects were dwelt upon in Organology, “Evolution 
 of Species,” “Brute Mind,” “Brute Soul” ; essays for and against “Evolu¬ 
 tion,” completed this set of admirable papers, and again we are tempted 
 to quote. 
 
 Psychology, such a hobby with certain professors of our day, was 
 not neglected in this institution, and, when “the Will,” “the Intellect,” 
 “Human Ideas,” and “Free Will” were treated of in accordance with 
 Catholic theology, it was an important branch as leading up to “Natural 
 Theology,” in the study of which St. Viateur’s pupils had written of 
 
 130 
 
God’s existence and attributes, as proved from nature, and had discussed 
 “Divine Concourse and Human Liberty.” 
 
 In their papers on Ethics, they had treated of “Human Acts,” good 
 and evil, “Moral Accountability,” “Eternal and Natural Law,” “Acting 
 with a Dubious Conscience,” and “Suicide.” 
 
 Specimens of ornamental penmanship were the only attempts made 
 by these solid youths toward the decoration or embellishment of their 
 work, a marked contrast to the profusely illustrated volumes of the girls. 
 
 A volume of work from the boys of the parochial school attached to 
 the college showed that they are aspiring to be college youths in the near 
 future. 
 
 Two volumes of poems, “Epines et Fleurs,” and “Liola,” by Rev. M. 
 J. Marsile, tempted us to read and rest, but we resolved to remember the 
 dainty volumes, and to enjoy them on an occasion better suited to their 
 sweet spirit of peace and solitude. 
 
 A stole and a prayer-book used by the martyr, leper priest, Father 
 Damien, were among St. Viateur’s treasures, in a glass covered case; 
 in another, were mineralogical, entomological, ethnological, botanical and 
 conchological specimens selected from the college museum. 
 
 Nine bound volumes of “St. Viateur’s College Journal,” a partial 
 collection of text books and a collection of photographs completed the 
 exhibit of this worthy institution. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Orphan Asylum for Girls is on Thirty-fifth street, and 
 is conducted by the Sisters of St. Joseph. The institution has a pic¬ 
 turesque site, commanding a fine view of Lake Michigan. The brick 
 building, with brown stone trimmings, contains thirty-six rooms and 
 accommodates two hundred and twenty-five children. 
 
 The needle-work display was arranged in classes. Class A—Art 
 needle-work: Pin cushion, violets; fire screen, Scotch thistles; stand 
 cover, forget-me-nots, daisies and violets; center pieces, pansies and 
 roses; tray-cloths, violets, wild roses, daisies and forget-me-nots; lunch 
 cloth, roses, buds anil leaves; doily, wreath of roses and buds. Class 
 B—Spanish drawn lace: Doilies. Class C—Roman lace: Toilet cushion, 
 lunch cloth, doilies. Class D—Mexican drawn lace: Child’s dress and 
 apron, pillow-shams, handkerchiefs, infant’s robe, doily. Class E— 
 Painting in oil: Handkerchiefs and cushion. Class F—Rope work: 
 Stand, basket, and broom case. Class G—Embroidery: Table cover 
 and infant’s skirts. Class H—Crochet: Child’s skirt, lace and doilies. 
 Class I—Knitting: Lace, infants’ chemises, shoulder cape, infant’s 
 shoes, stockings. Class J—Plain sewing: Needle book, dresses, infant’s 
 outfit, underwear, aprons, silk quilt (log cabin design). In this exhibit 
 were two dolls, one in the orphan week-day costume, and one in Sun¬ 
 day and holiday attire. 
 
 The written work was contained in five volumes comprising papers 
 on catechism, arithmetic, grammar, United States history, geogra¬ 
 phy, physics and Bible History. These papers bore all the marks of 
 careful training and diligent study. There was in the display an album 
 of specimens of skillful map drawing, also of pretty crayon drawings, 
 the former from all the grammar grades, the latter from the sixth and 
 seventh grades. A folio of kindergarten work showed some very pretty 
 paper folding, weaving and cutting. An album was presented containing 
 specimens of crochet and lace work unsurpassed in any other exhibit. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Providence Asylum for Boys, located oh Crawlord 
 Avenue, between Belmont Avenue and Diversey Street, was established 
 in the year 1887, for the purpose of sheltering and instructing in the 
 branches of a common school education, homeless boys under twelve 
 years of age. 
 
 The building, a large four-story brick structure, situated on spacious 
 grounds and fronting Crawford Avenue, is owned by the Arch-dio¬ 
 cese of Chicago. The institution, besides possessing all the modern 
 improvements, affords to its two hundred lively inmates all the advan¬ 
 tages derived from plenty of fresh air and healthy out-door exercise. 
 
 The establishment is under the care and supervision of the Sisters of 
 St. Joseph, whose parent house is in St. Louis, Mo., who fill the offices 
 of superintendent, treasurer, etc. 
 
 It is supported partly by a monthly allowance from the Diocesan 
 Orphan fund, and partly by contribution from the charitable public. 
 
 The exhibit consisted of a volume of class work and examination 
 papers from five grades, beginning with the primary, and two volumes 
 of specimens of map drawing. The little lads had acquitted themselves 
 well and gave honor to their institution, the only home they know. 
 
 St. Vincent’s Infant Asylum, that grand monument to Christian 
 
 charity, is conducted by Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul. It is 
 a four-story brick building with a basement, and is capable of accommo¬ 
 dating two hundred children. It was organized in August, 1881. 
 
 The object of the institution is the care of foundlings and other des¬ 
 titute or orphan children, under six years of age. About eight hundred 
 are cared for during the year, and over six thousand have been cared for 
 since the institution opened. The average number in the institution at 
 a time is one hundred and forty. 
 
 Two spacious apartments on the first floor, each 30x40 feet, are devo¬ 
 ted to playroom and kindergarten exercises. Specimens of the children’s 
 work were on exhibition in one volume, of delightful primary work, 
 the beauty and the merit of which could noi entirely banish its pathos. 
 
 St. Mary’s Training School is situated tWenty-five miles from Chicago 
 on the line of the Wisconsin Central Railway, and one and one-half 
 miles from the village of Desplaines on the line of the C. &. N. W. Ry. 
 The Desplaines river flows gracefully through the grounds and affords 
 excellent opportunities to the boys for fishing, bathing and skating in 
 proper seasons. 
 
 Feehanville was so named in honor of its principal benefactor, Most 
 Rev. P. A. Feehan, Archbishop of Chicago, who placed the institution 
 under the immediate charge of the Christian Brothers. 
 
 The early days of the school were eventful enough, for charity was 
 its guiding star and its sole support. 
 
 At the time of its inception, 1881, the streets of Chicago were crowded 
 with young boys, homeless, penniless, exposed to every form of vice. 
 Since the inception of the school, over two thousand boys have been 
 benefited by it, and the great majority of them provided with good 
 situations, returned to relatives, or placed in respectable homes on 
 neighboring farms. 
 
 As the rapid growth of the great city of Chicago, with its immense 
 floating population, will undoubtedly cause a vast increase in the appli¬ 
 cations for admission into the school, it is to be hoped that charitable 
 persons will take a religious interest in the education of these deserving 
 youths, and by generous donations enable the management to erect the 
 necessary buildings for their accommodation. It is a work of God, and 
 as such strongly appeals to all for liberal aid and support. 
 
 There were present in the school, January 1,1892, three hundred and 
 twenty-five boys ; received during the year, three hundred and fifty-six, 
 making a total of six hundred and eighty-one boys; of the three hundred 
 and fifty-six boys received, two hundred and seventy were proteges of 
 Cook County. The total amount received from the County for the edu¬ 
 cation and maintenance of these boys was 812,500.00. 
 
 Heavy crops of hay, oats and potatoes were secured; also a large 
 quantity of garden vegetables. Owing to the continued wet weather 
 in spring and early summer, the corn crop was not so large as in previous 
 years, but large numbers of fowls were raised and the boys’ tables were 
 bountifully supplied with turkey dinners for Thanksgiving and 
 Christmas. 
 
 In fine, as none of the farm produce is sent to market, the kitchen is 
 never lacking in choice fruits and vegetables for the benefit of the boys. 
 The same is true of the dairy; the boys carry its products directly from 
 the barnyard to their own refectories. 
 
 Just a step from Miss Starr’s pretty groups of pictures was the exhibit 
 of the St. Mary’s Training School described above. The exhibit pre¬ 
 sented an album containing various styles of business cards, bill heads, 
 business envelopes and commercial notepaper, all displaying the really 
 excellent skill of the boy printers. Another album showed their skill in 
 photography, and illustrated their institution and its surroundings, giving 
 pictures of the pleasant school-room, the pretty chapel, the rather 
 amusing tailoring department, where little chaps sit cross-legged on a 
 low table or platform, sewing, as many of their sisters cannot do, and 
 making the jaunty suits of clothes which appeared in the glass case, near 
 at hand, a delight to any bov-worshiping mother who chanced to see 
 them. A case of shoes, of various styles and qualities, showed, too, what 
 the lads could do in the way. of shoe making. The little suits of clothes 
 though, with every dainty stitch in the right place, every button securely 
 fastened, every button-hole properly embroidered, were the wonderful 
 features of the display, for they were made by boys, remember, none of 
 them, to judge from the close groups in the photograph album over 
 fifteen years of age; boys, with marble-hardened and base-ball crushed 
 fingers, with the awkward hands that find it such a difficulty to manage 
 the fork and knife at the table, or the pen at their desks, and to whom 
 
 131 
 
a needle is far more formidable than a gun or a cannon. Great as must 
 be the patience required to teach and to train the deaf-mutes, greater 
 must it be to train young boys to use a needle with such skill and 
 success as here manifested. There were twelve pairs of shoes, of differ¬ 
 ent styles, and six suits of clothes of different sizes, all made by the boys. 
 
 The written work comprised catechism, spelling, arithmetic, book¬ 
 keeping and biography. The last mentioned was a wise and kind choice, 
 a most helpful study for the lads. 
 
 Cahokia, as our readers remember, is in the Diocese ot Belleville, 
 which is in the Province of Chicago. 
 
 There was a special or individual exhibit from that venerable town, 
 an exhibit full of religious and patriotic sentiment. This was an old 
 church bell, cast in 1776, and sent as a gift by the King of France to 
 the French settlers at Cahokia. Fourteen inches high and forty-four 
 inches in circumference,—it was small, but it was the first bell to be used 
 
 west of the Alleghany Mountains, and the novelty and the sweetness of 
 its sound ringing out over the Illinois prairies made amends for its size. 
 It was, as it were, the voice of God calling the few French settlers and 
 their savage neighbors to divine service. No doubt it was also rung in 
 many a civil emergency to collect defenders against revengeful savages, 
 or to assemble the men for some political gathering. 
 
 A special exhibit of a totally different character was presented by 
 Bev. J. J. Carroll, pastor of St. Thomas’ Church, Hyde Park, Chicago. 
 It consisted of a manuscript translation of the Letter, received by Bishop 
 Spalding from Our IIolv Father, Pope Leo XIIT., dated July 20, 1892, 
 into the Irish language of which Father Carroll is a master. 
 
 A third exhibit of this kind, from the Chicago Province, was an 
 illuminated and illustrated copy of “The Magnificat, ” in one hundred 
 and fifty languages. This most interesting and exceedingly beautiful 
 object was presented by Rev. A. de Paradis, pastor of Coal City, Ill. 
 
 'JRe ^rcfydiocese of Milwaukee. 
 
 M ILWAUKEE presented a diocesan exhibit which appeared 
 partly in alcoves 1, 2 and 3, (the work of the School Sisters 
 of Notre Dame) and partly hi alcove No. 4 (the work of the Sisters of 
 St. Dominic, Racine). Because it had a diocesan' display, it is in 
 accordance with our plan to give a sketch of its history. 
 
 The Diocese of Milwaukee was erected in 1844, and embraced the 
 whole of Wisconsin. The state had had its missionaries as early as 
 1669, and the first place of worship built within its boundaries was a 
 Catholic Church. In 1830, Rev. Samuel Mazzuchelli, O. S. D., Father 
 Sanderl, the Redemptorist, and Rev. M. VandenBroeck came to the 
 state as missionaries. Former missions were revived, many Indians 
 were converted and baptized. When Bishop Fenwick visited the re¬ 
 gion, in 1831, he found many converts ready for confirmation. 
 
 In 1840, Green Bay, Milwaukee and Van Buren had churches; the 
 sainted Father Ravoux completing one at Prairie du Chien. In 1842, 
 St. Augustine’s Church was erected at Sinsinawa. Two years later, 
 Wisconsin was made a diocese, with the see at Milwaukee. 
 
 The first bishop, Very Rev. John Martin Henni, Vicar-General of 
 Cincinnati, was consecrated on the 19th of March, feast of St. Joseph, 
 1844. He reached the scene of his sacred labors on May 3d, and found 
 that his cathedral (?) was a small wooden structure, dedicated under 
 the title of St. Peter’s, and forming the only place of worship for two 
 thousand Catholics. The Catholic population of Wisconsin, or the 
 Diocese of Milwaukee, was estimated to be, at that time, fifteen 
 thousand, and for the service of their souls there were but five priests. 
 The following year, having made a visitation of his diocese, and realiz¬ 
 ing its weighty needs, Bishop Henni opened the Theological Seminary 
 of St. Francis de Sales, under the direction of the Rev. Michael Heiss, 
 thus providing for the crying need of priests. In 1848, Rev. Samuel 
 Mazzuchelli, 0. S. D., erected convents for his Order at Sinsinawa and 
 in Benton, the former a college, under the direction of the Dominican 
 Fathers, and the latter an academy in charge of the Dominican Sisters. 
 
 In the meantime, the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed \ irgin had 
 founded an academy at Potosi, and the School Sisters of Notre Dame 
 had established themselves in the diocese, as had also the Brothers and 
 the Sisters of St. Francis, the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, 
 the Sisters of St. Bridget and the Canons of the Holy Cross. 
 
 When the diocese was but two years old, it numbered twenty-three 
 churches built and eleven in course of construction, having eighteen 
 priests to serve at their sacred altars. In ten years, Bishop Henni’s 
 flock had become one hundred thousand, having a hundred and twenty- 
 eight completed churches wherein to worship God and thirty-three 
 others that were building. The number of priests had increased to 
 seventy-three. During the decade here mentioned, the Capuchin and 
 the Jesuit Fathers had established themselves in the diocese, where 
 they have continued to prosper, and to accomplish great good in the 
 cause of souls. 
 
 The venerable Pius IX. of happy memory, made Milwaukee an 
 
 archiepiscopal see, in 1875, at which time the diocese had two hundred 
 and sixty-five students in one seminary and sixty-two in another, study¬ 
 ing for the priesthood. There had been founded, also, the Catholic 
 Normal School and Pio Nono College, at St. Francis Station, the College 
 of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, at Watertown, three colleges for 
 young men, five academies for young ladies, an orphan asylum, a 
 deaf-mute asylum, a home for the aged, in care of the Little Sisters of 
 the Poor, and an establishment in charge of the Sisters of Mercy. 
 
 Archbishop Henni died in 1881, tyeloved and lamented by all who 
 were under his care. He was succeeded by Rev. Michael Heiss during 
 whose administration the diocese flourished even more vigorously than 
 before. Archbishop Heiss died in 1890; he was succeeded by Rt. 
 Rev. F. X. Katzer. Bishop of La Crosse, who still administers the 
 affairs of the archdiocese with great tact and prudence. 
 
 MOST BEY. FREDERIC XAVIER KATZER, D.D. 
 
 132 
 
Most Rev. Frederic Xavier Ratzer was born on February 4th, 1844, 
 in Austria. He obtained the elements of his education in the schools 
 of his native town, but made his classical course and philosophical 
 studies near Linz, under those masters of learning, the Jesuits. Having 
 determined to become a priest and to devote himself to the American 
 mission, he entered the Diocesan Seminary of Milwaukee, where, after 
 his ordination, he took his place among the faculty of the institution 
 and continued to teach until selected to be the secretary of Bishop 
 Krautbauer of Green Bay. His advancement was rapid; in 1878, he 
 became Vicar-General of the diocese, and in 1885, its Bishop. 
 
 “The Polyglot Diocese,” as Green Bay was called, because of the 
 varied nationalities among its Catholic population, had been an excellent 
 test of Bishop Katzer’s ability, and he had stood it well, for he had 
 succeeded in governing peacefully these discordant elements, hence, 
 when the See of Milwaukee fell vacant in 1890, by the death of Arch¬ 
 bishop Heiss, Bishop Katzer was appointed to assume the important 
 charge and was consecrated January 1st, 1891. The diocese now num¬ 
 bers two hundred and sixty-eight churches, with two hundred and ten 
 priests to serve at their sacred altars. 
 
 tEfye (Exhibits of tfye School Sisters of Hotre Dame. 
 
 An exceedingly handsome collective exhibit was presented under the 
 auspices of Notre Dame Institute of Milwaukee and Notre Dame Institute 
 of Baltimore, the Mother Houses of the Western and Eastern Provinces. 
 This elegant exhibit included work from various schools and acade¬ 
 mies located in almost every state in the Union. 
 
 Notre Dame Convent of Milwaukee, the cradle of the Congregation 
 in this country, made the following display. Normal Department: Six 
 oil paintings, one volume music, classes ’91, ’92 and ’93; one volume 
 “Responses,” compiled and arranged by the School Sisters of Notre 
 Dame ; one globe of wax fruit, one globe of wax vegetables, one globe of 
 wax confectionery, one painted and embroidered souvenir album. 
 Design indicating city, name of school, year founded and number of 
 pupils in each school, with total number (73,703) pupils receiving 
 
 instructions from the School Sisters of Notre Dame, in America, in the 
 year of the World’s Columbian Exposition. This unique design, which 
 we reproduce, will, no doubt, greatly interest our readers, as showing 
 the mighty ideal structure, laid brick by brick, by zealous feminine 
 hands, as a home for Christian education in our land. One of the 
 largest, indeed, but only one of the many similar structures reared by 
 the devout women of the Catholic Church in the United States. 
 
 This design, a unique feature of the wall display, was a large framed 
 l'iece indicating, in ornamental printing, tbe city, name of school, year 
 of foundation, teachers and number of pupils of each of the hundreds 
 of schools taught by the Sisters of Notre Dame in America. The beau¬ 
 tiful borders, the arrangement of the varioi;s.giames and dates, and the 
 design for showing various resemblances anti distinctions, made a very 
 handsome, as well as useful piece of pen-work. “Seventy-three thou¬ 
 sand, seven hundred and three pupils were attending the institutions of 
 the School Sisters of Notre Dame, when the chart was drawn up, early 
 in ’93”; there are many bricks in the walls represented in our illustra¬ 
 tion and each brick bears the name of a certain school, its size and posi¬ 
 tion making certain distinctions as to age or rank of the institution 
 whose name is inscribed. 
 
 Besides the normal display of the Notre Dame Convent, as enum¬ 
 erated above, there was a rich contribution from the art class of secular 
 pupils; this comprised twenty-six large oil paintings of landscapes and 
 of human figures and fourteen smaller oil paintings representing still- 
 life studies. Some of the landscapes referred to above were 5x4 feet in 
 size; “Windsor Castle,” “A Cool Retreat” and “William Tell’s Chapel” 
 calling forth tbe most comment; the other eleven pieces, fruit and 
 flowers, principally, received much praise for fidelity to nature. The 
 specimens of wax work comprised a globe of wild flowers, a globe of 
 vegetables and a plate of confectionery so natural as to make a school 
 girl’s mouth water. In the center of the alcove was a large glass case 
 in which were displayed the richest and most beautiful specimens 
 imaginable of embroidery on silk, linen and flannel; of painting on 
 silk, velvet, rice paper, ivory and china; and of lace of various styles. 
 
 The gem of this collection was “The Souvenir Album” of purple 
 velvet, lined with lavender silk; the celluloid cover bore a painting of 
 
 IDEAL STRUCTURE, GIVING STATISTICS OF 73,703 PUPILS UNDER INSTRUCTION IN AMERICA BY THE SCHOOL SISTERS OF NOTRE DAM 
 
 133 
 
ALCOVES NOS. 1, 2 AND 3. COLLECTIVE EXHIBITS OF THE SCHOOL SISTERS OF .NOTRE DAME OF MILWAUKEE AND BALTIMORE. 
 
 States history, by the grammar grades. Two volumes examinations in 
 all the common and higher branches of the lull English course of the 
 grammar grades and higher grades of ’91 and ’92. One volume Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, Bible and Church History; one volume kindergarten, 
 by the “Busy Bees” of the kindergarten; two volumes freehand draw¬ 
 ing; two folios, containing demonstrations of geometric problems. 
 Modeling in clay of leaves, Vegetables, fruit, hands, feet, etc. Five large 
 maps: (a) linguistic map of Europe, (b) political owners of the globe, 
 (c) geological map of Wisconsin, (d) day in the eastern hemisphere, 
 (e) day in the western hemisphere. The work in geometry, as presented 
 by St. Mary’s High School, was as beautiful as a collection of pictures, 
 the figures being exquisitely drawn in colors. 
 
 “The class work in higher branches” could scarcely be surpassed in 
 
 and color through the staid solidity of the more advanced exhibits; their 
 pretty, bright productions in “cutting, sewing, folding and weaving” 
 would have been greatly missed, even from so rich and varied a display 
 as that of St. Mary’s Institute. 
 
 Ah, those two folios of “Demonstrations of Geometric Problems!” 
 How beautiful they were; what a charm well executed mathematical 
 work has for the appreciative mind and eye! In this case, there was 
 nothing to mar the pleasure; all was correct and beautiful. 
 
 The parish schools in the Milwaukee Diocese, taught by the School 
 Sisters of Notre Dame, and making contributions to the Diocesan and 
 Collective Exhibits, were:—(in the city of Milwaukee) St. Francis’ 
 School, which sent one volume: Penmanship, spelling, arithmetic, 
 grammar, history, language, German and compositions. 
 
St. Michael’s School sent one volume of drawing, one volume con¬ 
 taining specimens of penmanship and papers on language, spelling, 
 arithmetic, history, composition, also German, grammar and transla¬ 
 tions. 
 
 Holy Trinity School sent two volumes drawing, one volume: Pen¬ 
 manship, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, geography, natural science, 
 German, United States history, grammar, book-keeping and composi¬ 
 tions. 
 
 St. Josephat’s School sent one volume: Penmanship, geography, 
 arithmetic, grammar, Christian Doctrine, Polish history, compositions, 
 catechism and one volume free-hand drawing. 
 
 St. Joseph’s School sent two volumes: Penmanship, language, arith- 
 
 The parish school work was not less deserving of commendation, as 
 far as the grades went, in the various branches, than were the papers 
 from the academy pupils. The same care had been given to every de¬ 
 tail, and the only difference in the two sets of work was in ornamenta¬ 
 tion or decoration of papers, title pages and headings. The academy 
 pupils having the advantage of instruction and practice in art were more 
 skillful in beautifying their work. 
 
 Notre Dame Institute, Baltimore, Md., Mother House of the Eastern 
 Province, contributed extensively to the collective exhibit of the Con¬ 
 gregation. One volume music, two volumes mechanical drawing, one 
 silk map of Maryland, seven oil paintings, one pen picture, one picture 
 tapestry painting, one original painting, one lace embroidered handker- 
 
 ALCOVES NOS. 1, 2 AND 3. COLLECTIVE EXHIBITS OF THE SCHOOI, SISTERS OF NOTRE DAME OF MILWAUKEE AND BALTIMORE. 
 
 metic, book-keeping, geography, history, natural science, grammar, Ger¬ 
 man and one volume drawing. 
 
 St. Anthony’s School sent one volume: Language, compositions, 
 spelling, arithmetic, penmanship, geography, German, grammar, compo¬ 
 sitions and Christian Doctrine. 
 
 St. George’s School, Kenosha, Wis., sent one volume: Language, 
 spelling, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, geography, United States his¬ 
 tory, penmanship and grammar. 
 
 Our Lady of Mt. Carmel School, Mt. Calvary. Wis., sent one volume 
 of specimens of and patterns for needle-work. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, Barton, Wis., sent one volume of language, geo¬ 
 graphy., arithmetic, grammar, United States history, compositions and 
 Christian Doctrine. 
 
 chief, one embroidered center-piece, two volumes specimens of needle¬ 
 work, seven hand-painted china pieces, one herbarium, two framed 
 drawings' of the institute, one volume German essays; twenty-seven 
 volumes: Language, essays, geography, penmanship, grammar, arith¬ 
 metic, catechism, Bible History, United States history, geometry, trig¬ 
 onometry, geology, physiology, compositions, algebra, spelling, map 
 drawing, elementary science, general history, literature, book-keeping 
 and two volumes object and cast drawings. Five original paintings. 
 The volume of musical exercises was of great worth, the two volumes of 
 mechanical drawings were well executed. Besides these, there were 
 twenty-eight volumes of classic work and examination papers, one 
 volume of kindergarten sewing and paper weaving, twelve volumes of 
 preparatory work, twenty-three volumes of academic work, sixteen 
 
Notre Dame of Maryland, art work from the a 
 
 Govanstown, Md., which was 
 
 represented by one volume Latin, one volume French, one volume 
 German, one volume music, one volume art, two volumes herbarium, 
 three volumes drawings. Forty-five volumes of science, object lessons, 
 language, spelling, geography, grammar, arithmetic, algebra, natural 
 history, United States history, Bible History, physics, geometry, 
 trigonometry, geology, physiology, natural history, natural philosophy, 
 mental philosophy, botany, rhetoric, Church History, book-keeping, 
 astronomy, literature, Christian Doctrine. 
 
 Notre Dame of Embla, Md., one volume Latin, six volumes French, 
 
 CHDIOCESE OF MILWAUKEE, SCHOOL SISTERS OF NOTRE DAME. 
 
 St. Ann’s School, Baltimore, sent five volumes: Catechism, arithmetic, 
 geography, grammar, language. United States history, Bible History, 
 spelling, writing,algebra, physiology, book-keeping. 
 
 St. James’ School. Baltimore, Female Department, sent four 
 volumes language, writing, spelling, arithmetic, geography, grammar, 
 catechism, composition, United States history, Bible History, German. 
 
 St. Michael’s School, Baltimore, Female Department, presented one 
 volume of language, writing, grammar, arithmetic, geography cate¬ 
 chism, composition, spelling, German. 
 
 one volume German, one volume art, two herbariums, five volumes 
 drawing, forty-five volumes: Christian Doctrine, geography, grammar, 
 arithmetic, trigonometry, geometry, algebra, geology, physiology, mental 
 philosophy, United States history, Bible History, botany, Church His¬ 
 tory, astronomy, literature, four oil paintings, chemistry and book¬ 
 keeping, five hundred and fifty oil-painted specimens botany (duly 
 classified), and knitted lace. 
 
 St. Alphonsus’ School, Baltimore, Md., Female Department, pre¬ 
 sented three volumes of language lessons, arithmetic, spelling, geography, 
 grammar, United States history, composition, catechism, Bible History, 
 German and writing. 
 
 volumes of collegiate work, one volume of Latin, one volume of German, 
 six volumes of French, eight volumes of music, artistic pen drawings 
 and herbariums, also a unique and beautiful volume including all the 
 botanical families and illustrated by paintings of 550 natural specimens. 
 The art display consisted of twelve oil paintings, one tapestry painting 
 and one original composition in oil. The needle-work picture, “Medea,” 
 the face and hands painted, the drapery in needle-work, may be seen in 
 our illustration. There was also a silk embroidered map of Maryland, 
 “Cradle of Religious Liberty,” with the State Escutcheon in colors, all 
 on white silk. The fancy work display included two volumes of speci¬ 
 mens of various stitches, also several embroidered pieces, an Irish point 
 lace handkerchief and a spec¬ 
 imen of Brussels lace. The 
 seven pieces of hand-painted 
 china were the choicest objects 
 present. The grade work of 
 the institution was bound in 
 linen, a different color for each 
 class under the following at¬ 
 tractive titles: “What to Eat 
 and How to Cook it” (domestic 
 economy papers); “With Stylus 
 and with Script” (history and 
 literature); 'Here, There and 
 Everywhere” (political geogra¬ 
 phy and physics); “Thought 
 Flowers” (poems and essays); 
 
 “Field Fairies” (botany); “The 
 Just Man Lives by Faith” 
 
 (Christian Doctrine); “Echoes 
 that Roll from Soul to Soul” 
 
 (literary selections); “ Storms 
 and Sunshine of Holy Church” 
 
 (Church History) ; “ How The 
 Wee Ones Began” and “How 
 The Wee Ones Continued” were 
 volumes of most delightfully 
 inspiring primary work. The 
 above titles constituted an or¬ 
 iginal and very effective me¬ 
 thod of attracting the attention, 
 which the books once opened, 
 was secured by the well written 
 and tastefully decorated pages, 
 with their clear, practical and 
 beautiful illustrations; “Busi¬ 
 ness Forms,” “Talks on Civ¬ 
 ics,” and kindred subjects 
 showed that the practical re¬ 
 quirements of life were not neg¬ 
 lected in the pursuit of truth 
 and beauty. Two folios of un¬ 
 usually fine charcoal studies 
 from objects and casts, and one 
 volume of perspective drawing 
 completed the academic exhi¬ 
 bit from Baltimore. From the 
 Diocese of Baltimore, however, 
 came several other extensive 
 and very admirable exhibits 
 
St. Mark’s School, Cantonsville, Md., Diocese of Baltimore, contributed 
 one volume of geography, arithmetic, algebra, composition, grammar, 
 sacred history and catechism. 
 
 Washington, D. C., was represented by an exhibit from St. Mary’s 
 School, whose pupils prepared four volumes of drawing, writing, spelling, 
 language lessons, arithmetic, geography, grammar, composition, cate¬ 
 chism and German. (See illustration of alcove 60.) 
 
 The Diocese of Boston, home of the Notre Dame Sisters of another 
 Congregation, was not without representatives among the institutions of 
 the School Sisters of Notre Dame. 
 
 St.John’s School, Canton, Mass., Diocese of Boston, played this part 
 and showed excellent competition in four volumes of language, arith- 
 
 The Diocese of Newark was represented by a display from Institute 
 of Holy Angels, Ft. Lee, N. J., which comprised fifteen volumes of 
 Christian Doctrine, grammar, composition, reading, arithmetic, geog¬ 
 raphy, French, German, spelling, physics, book-keeping, algebra, one 
 volume class drawing and one oil painting. 
 
 From both provinces came many admirable parochial school ex¬ 
 hibits. Those belonging to the Dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, 
 Buffalo, Brooklyn, Pittsburg and Chicago have been mentioned in con¬ 
 nection with the diocesan displays. The schools belonging to dioceses 
 that did not exhibit will be mentioned here, in connection with the col¬ 
 lective exhibit of the Congregation of Notre Dame School Sisters. For 
 instance, St. Luke’s and St. Peter’s schools, of Belleville, Ill., each con- 
 
 mm 
 
 L 
 
 HPjj 
 
 
 COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT OF THE SCHOOL SISTERS OF NOTRE DAME FROM VARIOUS PARTS IN THE UNITED STATES. (ALCOVE NO. 60.) 
 
 metic, geography, spelling, grammar, United States history, physiology, 
 Christian Doctrine, kindergarten, Bible History and algebra, St. John’s 
 display was not alone in making a favorable impression for the Western 
 community; the school of Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Roxbury, Mass., 
 did its part well in its display of six volumes of language, grammar, 
 geography, United States history, civil government, spelling, algebra, 
 physiology, astronomy, book-keeping and Christian Doctrine. 
 
 The Immaculate Conception School, Malden, Mass., Diocese of Bos¬ 
 ton, likewise did honor to this Sisterhood. Its contributions were three 
 volumes Christian Doctrine, spelling and grammar; one volume each : 
 Grammar, composition, elementary science, United States history ; two 
 volumes arithmetic and algebra, three volumes geography and map 
 drawing, three volumes drawing and two booklets of kindergarten. 
 
 tributed a volume of papers on grammar school branches, with specimens 
 of drawing and of needle-work. 
 
 The Diocese of Alton had no diocesan exhibit, but was represented 
 very creditably in that of Notre Dame. The diocese merited to be hon¬ 
 ored, for its bishop, Rt. Rev. James Ryan showed his efficient inter¬ 
 est in the cause of Catholic education, by contributing five hundred 
 dollars (8500.00) towards the expenses of the Catholic Educational 
 Exhibit. This was a generosity unique in the history of the exhibit; 
 others who were generous had an exhibit to glorify their names, and 
 were, in a sense, personally responsible for their share of the expense. 
 
 The Notre Dame exhibits from the Diocese of Alton, Ill., were as 
 follows: 
 
 St. Mary’s Institute, Quincy, Ill., displayed eleven volumes of mathe- 
 
matics, chemistry, literature, mythology, civil government, physics, 
 geometry, algebra, physiology, United States history, Bible and ancient 
 history, catechism, one volume German, two volumes arithmetic, two 
 volumes music, one herbarium, four scrap books, eighteen photographic 
 views, four cases of natural history, one embroidered altar cloth, one 
 embroidered center-piece, one embroidered tray-cloth, one-half dozen 
 doilies, six pictures in oil, pastel and crayon, one handkerchief—Roman 
 embroidery, four essays from graduating class of ’93, photographs of 
 class of ’93 and one embroidered letter case. This was a particularly 
 fine exhibit, teeming with admirable features, both as to method and 
 execution. The specimens from this institution embraced needle-work, 
 from the plain pattern of braiding to the richest material and most elab¬ 
 orate designs. The drawings included crayon portraits of Raphael, 
 Coreggio, Rubens, Landseer, Dore and others. The progress in musical 
 theory was demonstrated by exercises of varied adaptation, from the scale 
 to the fugue. The books containing these exercises were embellished with 
 aquarelle pictures of musical instruments. The penmanship was, in 
 itself, an ornamentation. 
 
 RT. REV. JAMES RYAN, D.D. 
 
 Rt. Rev. James Ryan, D. D., third bishop of Alton, Ill., was born near 
 Thurles, County Tipperary, Ireland, on the 17th of June, 1348. His parents 
 came to America and settled in Louisville, Kentucky, early in 1855. The father 
 soon after died, leaving the widow to struggle alone in a strange country, but 
 special blessings seem to come with such a cross as this, for she succeeded in 
 maintaining her son and daughter and in educating the former to become a 
 priest and, with the noble character she had given him as an inheritance, as 
 well as the generous disposition she had by her training helped him to acquire, 
 he won the esteem and trust of his superiors to the extent that when a bishop 
 was needed for Alton he was the man of their choice. 
 
 He was a parochial school boy in Louisville and there attracted the 
 attention of that giant intellect then in charge of the Diocese of Louisville, after¬ 
 wards Archbishop of Baltimore, Dr. Martin John Spalding. This resulted’in the 
 placing of the boy at the age of fourteen, in the Seminary of St. Thomas, near 
 Bardstown, where he acquired in six years, a knowledge of the classics and of 
 philosophy fitting him to begin his divinity course at St. Joseph's and Preston 
 Park Seminaries until 1871, in which year in December, he was ordained by Rt. 
 Rev. Bishop McCloskey. The present Bishop of Peoria preached the sermon on 
 the occasion. 
 
 During the following three years he attended various mission churches and 
 served cholera patients in a manner that won for him the admiration of all who 
 witnessed his prompt courage and devotedness. The four years succeeding the 
 cholera siege were spent in the capacity of professor in the College of St. Joseph, 
 near Bardstown. Rev. Father Ryan became, from the time of its origin, an 
 
 active pastor in the Peoria Diocese, building churches and showing in every 
 respect an active and intelligent zeal. 
 
 On May 1st, 1888, he was consecrated Bishop of Alton, bringing to the 
 government of the diocese ripened experience, learning, prudence and zeal. His 
 interest in the Catholic Educational Exhibit was of a substantial nature shown 
 not only in words of encouragement, but in the contribution of generous aid 
 towards the payment of the heavy expenses. Though he had not a diocesan 
 exhibit, he collected and transferred to Brother Maurelian the handsome sum of 
 five hundred dollars. 
 
 From Quincy was also sent an exhibit from St. Boniface’s School, 
 comprising two volumes of penmanship, language, catechism, com¬ 
 positions, geography, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, United States 
 history, spelling, translations, and from St. Francis’ School, comprising 
 one volume of Christian Doctrine, penmanship, geography, language, 
 arithmetic, United States history, grammar and German. St. Paul’s 
 School, Highland, Ill., Diocese of Alton, presented one volume of 
 penmanship, language, arithmetic, geography, United States history, 
 spelling, catechism, Bible History and German. From Peoria, Ill., 
 came contributions lrom St. Joseph’s School, comprising two volumes 
 drawing, one volume of language, arithmetic, geography, grammar, com¬ 
 positions, United States history, spelling, German, catechism, Bible 
 History and one volume specimens of sewing, and from St. Patrick’s 
 School, comprising one volume of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geog¬ 
 raphy, penmanship, language, United States history, spelling and one 
 volume book-keeping. St. Mary’s School, Champaign, Ill., sent one 
 volume freehand drawing, seven volumes Christian Doctrine, penman¬ 
 ship, composition, grammar, rhetoric, algebra, arithmetic, geometry, 
 United States and ancient history, physiology, physics, book-keeping, 
 specimens of clay modeling. 
 
 From the Diocese of Grand Rapids, the School Sisters of Notre 
 Dame sent exhibits representing the Indian Industrial School of Harbor 
 Springs, Mich,, which prepared one volume of penmanship, geography, 
 language, arithmetic, compositions, Bible History, Christian Doctrine, 
 one volume of specimens of needle-work, one volume of freehand draw¬ 
 ing. There were more than one hundred Indian children attending this 
 school,Tanging from six to fourteen years of age. Their work comprised, 
 besides the lessons in language, geography and drawing, specimens of 
 manual training and results of their industry, such as needle-work, 
 clothing made by them, dolls that they had dressed and toys they had 
 made, for in such pleasant ways are they attracted to the habits of white 
 children. 
 
 St. James’ School of Grand Rapids, Mich., sent three volumes of 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, penmanship, drawing, geography, lan¬ 
 guage and compositions, and St. Mary’s School sent one volume of pen¬ 
 manship, language, arithmetic, geography, United States history, com¬ 
 positions, German translations and drawing. 
 
 The Diocese of St. Louis was represented by displays of bound work 
 from St. Alphonsus’ School in the city of St. Louis and St. Peter’s 
 School of St. Charles, Mo. The former sent twelve volumes of Christian 
 Doctrine, drawing, penmanship, arithmetic, United States history, spell¬ 
 ing, grammar, book-keeping, physiology, hygiene, algebra, science, civil 
 government, rules of etiquette and Bible History; and the latter con¬ 
 tributed one volume ot arithmetic, penmanship, language, German, 
 geography, dictation and history. 
 
 The School of the Assumption, St. Paul, Minn., sent two volumes of 
 freehand drawing, and two volumes of Christian Doctrine, penmanship, 
 language, arithmetic, geography, United States history, book-keeping, 
 algebra, physiology, also one volume of needle-work. 
 
 St. Boniface’s School, Louisville, Ky.. Diocese of Louisville, was rep¬ 
 resented by a contribution which presented one volume of penmanship, 
 language, arithmetic, geography, United States history, Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, spelling, compositions, grammar and German. 
 
 The only representative of Escanaba, Mich., Diocese of Marquette, 
 was St. Joseph’s School, which contributed two volumes: Arithmetic, 
 penmanship, catechism, language, spelling, United States history, gram¬ 
 mar, Bible History, compositions, physiology, Church History, algebra, 
 rhetoric, American literatui’e, general History and civil government. 
 
 From Wabasha, Minn., Diocese of Winona, St. Felix’s School sent 
 one volume of specimens of sewing; and the Wabasha Convent sent also 
 one volume of specimens of sewing. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, Ft. Madison, Iowa, Diocese of Davenport, pre- 
 
sented one volume: Bible History, penmanship, language, arithmetic, 
 geography, United States history, catechism and one center-piece. 
 
 Many other exhibits were made by schools in charge of the School 
 Sisters of Notre Dame, and are mentioned in connection with the dio¬ 
 cesan displays to which they belong. The important feature of this 
 collective exhibit was, after all, the parochial school work; it made 
 signal the success of the Sisters in the common school, and established 
 their rank as educators. There were no fads among their exhibits, but 
 every good, useful and refining detail had received careful attention. 
 Practical results had been sought, and had been fully attained, but the 
 pleasant things of life, social and domestic, had not been ignored ; they 
 were strongly in evidence, on every side, in every booth, and the ability 
 
 The exhihit from this institution comprised four volumes, vel-y 
 tastefully bound, and made up of class exercises and written examina¬ 
 tions reproduced from the originals, on elegant, heavy, white paper, 
 beautifully and conveniently ruled, after a special design of one of the 
 Sisters. 
 
 One set of exercises dealt with the requirements of good and intelli¬ 
 gent reading in both German and English; another set showed de¬ 
 lightful work in arithmetic and algebra, the exact and methodical state- 
 inents of problems, with their clear and decisive solutions, being pre¬ 
 sented in the prettiest of penmanship and accompanied, when necessary, 
 by dainty little drawings to illustrate the application of some principle. 
 Grammar, with prettily arranged outlines, and geography, with tinted 
 
 
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 EXHIBITS FROM THE DOMINICAN SISTERS SCHOOLS OF THE ARCHDIOCESE OF MILWAUKEE; NASHVILLE, NESQUALLY, ST. PAUL AND GRAND RAPIDS. ALCOVE NO. 4. 
 
 to enjoy as well as to labor was one of the many priceless gifts of these 
 teachers to their fortunate pupils. 
 
 {Efye (Exhibits from ttje Dominican Sisters of IDtsconsin. 
 
 The Dominican Sisters having their Mother House, St. Catherine’s 
 Convent, at Racine, Wis., made a characteristic and very pleasing dis¬ 
 play. St. Catherine’s Convent has an academy of the same name 
 adjoining it. This is the principal institution in charge of this excellent 
 community. St. Catherine’s Academy has a normal department, not 
 only for the training of the community’s religious teachers, but for the 
 preparation of seculars desiring to secure positions as public school 
 teachers. 
 
 maps, made a very satisfactory collection of papers, an extensive know¬ 
 ledge of the subjects being manifested, in accordance with tho best of 
 methods. The history papers showed an intelligent comprehension of 
 the relations of cause and effect, and a due regard for the logic of facts, 
 aside from their mere statement. Botany and physiology were properly 
 and prettily illustrated. The language lessons and the principles of 
 grammar that had been so carefully acquired, were gracefully and skill¬ 
 fully applied in the production of prettily written, original composi¬ 
 tions. The work in book-keeping showed excellent penmanship and 
 business-like results, with prettily made figures in orderly columns, 
 bounded by the perfection of ruling. It is needless to state that the 
 Christian Doctrine papers were all that the most zealous heart could 
 desire, for it is only those who are careful regarding sacred things that 
 
meet with such success in profane studies as was manifested by the 
 above exhibit. 
 
 The pictures to be seen at the head of alcove No. 4, as shown in our 
 illustration, were from St. Catherine’s Academy. The figure of the 
 Child Jesus had the face and hands painted, but the white garment was 
 of iml silk, as was also the broad crimson sash. The picture at the 
 left of this represented Joan of Arc, offering her armor, on the altar of 
 our Blessed Lady. The copy of Millet’s “Angelus” was in oil. A pair 
 of beautifully wrought lace curtains, the work of the Rev. Mother 
 Superior, draped each side of the entrance to the alcove. 
 
 A special and interesting feature of St. Catherine’s exhibit was a 
 volume of essays and papers - written on the various academic branches 
 
 St. Mary’s School sent one volume of catechism, spelling, arithmetic 
 and geography, also specimens of penmanship. 
 
 St. Joseph’s School presented two volumes ot catechism, numbers, 
 arithmetic, language, grammar, reading and geography. 
 
 St. Patrick’s School was represented by one volume of neat drawings 
 and by one containing papers on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, reading, 
 spelling, language, grammar, geography and United States history, also 
 specimens of composition. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, Belgium, Wis., sent one volume of exercises and 
 examinations in catechism, arithmetic, spelling, reading, language, 
 grammar, history and geography, also physiology. 
 
 St. Louis’ School, Caledonia, Wis., contributed one volume of Chris- 
 
 of study by the Sisters. In this unique collection were given ideas 
 regarding discipline and moral training, directions as to the methods 
 best suited to the communication of knowledge also examples of class 
 exercises and of examination papers properly prepared. A small, ex¬ 
 quisitely colored and charmingly designed chart for geology showed the 
 strata and fossils peculiar to each of the grand geologic ages and their 
 various periods. 
 
 St. Catherine’s exhibit was surrounded by volumes, forty-five in all, 
 from the dependent schools, or mission houses of the community. Four 
 of these are located in Racine and made contributions as follows: — 
 
 The Holy Name School presented one volume of English grammar, 
 language, reading, spelling, arithmetic, geography and mensuration, also 
 catechism. 
 
 tian Doctrine, German and English reading, arithmetic, grammar, 
 spelling, history and geography, also specimens of penmanship. 
 
 St. Nobert’s School, Roxbury, Wis., was represented by two 
 volumes, containing stencil drawing, English and German, arith¬ 
 metic, geography. United States history, catechism, Christian Doctrine, 
 compositions, reading, spelling and writing, also specimens of pen¬ 
 manship. 
 
 St. George’s School, Kenosha, Wis., sent one volume of Christian 
 Doctrine, arithmetic, language,' grammar, German, geography and 
 United States history, also specimens of penmanship. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, Mineral Point, Wis., contributed a volume con¬ 
 taining compositions in German and in English, and quite a large dis¬ 
 play of needle-work, including a crocheted cape, a pair of knit hose, 
 
 1 40 
 
two knit sacques,- two tidies, one drawn and the other crocheted, 
 three pairs of knit boots, two satin cushions, prettily ornamented, a 
 crocheted cushion, a linen apron, three linen handkerchiefs, two 
 samples of bead-work and two samples of lace-work. These objects 
 may be readily found in our illustration of alcove No. 4. 
 
 St. Barnabas’ School, Mazomanie, Wis., sent one volume of cate¬ 
 chism, reading, spelling, arithmetic, language, grammar and geography, 
 also specimens of penmanship. The work from these schools, so 
 various in location, and in the characteristics of the pupils attending 
 them, harmonized, because of the similarity of the methods used, the 
 teachers having all enjoyed the advantages of special training. 
 
 The best features were uniform and to be found in each volume; the 
 differences arose from a wise adaptation of method to peculiarity of 
 circumstances. The penmanship was excellent throughout; the methods 
 of presenting the problems, in the various branches of mathematics, 
 were uniform, and, in all cases, history, grammar and geography papers 
 were worthy of the comments made on similar work, as produced at St. 
 Catherine’s. 
 
 Summary of tfyc promnce of ilTtltnaukee. 
 
 It has been thought advisable to give a summary of the displays 
 sent from a province that presented diocesan exhibits; in the case of 
 provinces which did not send such exhibits, summaries will of course 
 not be given. Two dioceses in the Province of Milwaukee, namely, La 
 Crosse and Green Bay, were represented by diocesan exhibits. The 
 Green Bay Exhibit comprised work from seven religious orders. 
 
 The School Sisters of Notre Dame were represented as follows: 
 From four institutions in the city of Green Bay, that is, from Cathedral 
 School:—Four volumes: Christian Doctrine, orthography, arithmetic, 
 object lessons, language, grammar, geography, etymology, physiology, 
 letter writing, book-keeping, vocal music teaching, crochet bed spreads, 
 specimens of needle-work, embroidery, lace work, embroidered banners 
 and kindergarten work. St. John’s School:—Four volumes: Christian 
 Doctrine, orthography, United States history, geography, penmanship, 
 composition, drawing, Church History, civil government, physical geo¬ 
 graphy, arithmetic, grammar and physiology. St. Vincent’s School: 
 Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, United States 
 history, orthography, language and object lessons. St. Joseph's Orphan 
 Asylum:—Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, orthography, arithmetic, 
 grammar, United States history, penmanship and drawing. St. Mary’s 
 School, Ahnapee:—One volume: School regulations, historical account 
 of the school, Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, geography, 
 English and German penmanship, drawing, United States history, letter 
 writing and orthography. St. Joseph’s School, Appleton: —Three vol¬ 
 umes: Christian Doctrine, orthography, arithmetic, Bible History, 
 language, pastel and crayon pictures and pen drawings. St. Mary’s 
 School. Chilton:—One volume: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, ortho¬ 
 graphy, penmanship, letter writing, language, grammar, German and 
 English. St. Mary’s School, De Pere: — Two volumes: Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, orthography, geography, language, arithmetic, grammar, United 
 States history, civil government and compositions. St. Nicholas’ School, 
 Freedom:—One volume: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, 
 language, geography, • compositions, letter writing, penmanship and 
 Bible History. SS. Peter and Paul’s School, Grand Rapids:—Two vol¬ 
 umes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, orthography, penman¬ 
 ship, language, object lessons, drawing, United States history, composi¬ 
 tions, physiology, book-keeping, specimens of object dra wings, maps of 
 Wisconsin and city of Grand Rapids. District School, Little Chute: 
 —Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, orthography, geography, arith¬ 
 metic, language, drawing, grammar, composition, letter writing, United 
 States history and one volume of kindergarten work. St. Mary’s School, 
 Wausau:—Two volumes: Language, orthography, history, arithmetic, 
 penmanship, grammar, Christian Doctrine and composition. Academy 
 of Lourdes, Marinette:—Christian Doctrine, penmanship, geography, 
 arithmetic, language, letter writing. Two volumes class work, thirteen 
 cards drawing, nine charts kindergarten and four volumes needle-work. 
 St. Mary’s Institute:—Three volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, 
 geography, penmanship, United States history, algebra, civil govern¬ 
 ment, physiology, general history, physical geography, book-keeping, 
 rhetoric, Bible History, natural philosophy, geometry, one volume 
 music, oil and pastel paintings, crayon pictures, photographs, needle 
 
 and crochet work and freehand drawing. Five oil paintings: “Yellow 
 Roses,” “Pheasant,” “Peonies,” “Italian Shepherd,” “Kittens in Basket. 
 Three crayons: “Lion Head,” “I Want to See the Pendulum Swing, ’ 
 “Little Foxes.” One pastel, “Sunset.” Two water-colors: “The Cling¬ 
 ing,” “Basket of Cherries.” Brass plaque, oil, and three chickens 
 painted in oil on orange wood. St. Patrick’s School, Maple Grove 
 (Kewaunee):—Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, orthogra¬ 
 phy, grammar, penmanship, physiology, German translations and letter 
 writing. St. Mary’s School, Menasha :—Two volumes: Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, orthograph} - , geography, language, compositions, grammar, book-, 
 keeping and letter writing. St. Patrick’s School:—Two volumes: Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, orthography, language, arithmetic, algebra, United States 
 history, grammar, physiology, letter writing, fourteen copy books of ex¬ 
 amination papers. St. Mary’s School, Portage:—Three volumes: Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, orthography, language, arithmetic, geography, grammar, 
 composition, United States history, physiology, map drawing, rhetoric, 
 natural philosophy and literature. St. Peter’s School, Stevens’ Point:— 
 Christian Doctrine, orthography, grammar, Bible History, compositions, 
 letter writing and penmanship. St. Stephen’s School:—Two volumes. 
 Christian Doctrine, orthography, language, penmanship, arithmetic, 
 geography, grammar, United States history, book-keeping, algebra and 
 physiology. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Francis were represented by contributions from : 
 St. John’s School, Antigo:—One volume: Arithmetic, Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, history, penmanship, book-keeping, letter writing and music. 
 Holy Cross School, Bay Settlement: —Christian Doctrine, orthography, 
 arithmetic, grammar, geography, United States history, letter writing 
 and map drawing. St. Francis’ Convent School:—One volume : Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, arithmetic, language, geography and specimens of kinder¬ 
 garten work. St. Casimir’s School, Casimir:— One volume: Christian 
 Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, orthography, German and English trans¬ 
 lations, United States history, geography and freehand drawing. St. 
 Michael’s School, CatoChristian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, 
 geography and language lessons. Immaculate Conception School, 
 Clark’s Mills: —Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, language, 
 grammar, German and English translations. St. Mary’s School, Lux¬ 
 emburg : - Arithmetic, geography, grammar, penmanship, orthography 
 and Christian Doctrine. St. Kilian’s School, New Franken :—Christian 
 Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, language, orthography, penmanship, 
 Bible History and United States history. St. Mary’s School, South 
 Kaukauna:—Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, language, arithmetic, 
 orthography, geography, penmanship, grammar and album of kinder¬ 
 garten work. 
 
 The Dominican Sisters (Sinsinawa) presented work from St. Mary’s 
 School, Appleton: —Three volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geog¬ 
 raphy, orthography, object lessons, science, grammar, history, compo¬ 
 sitions, penmanship, physical geography and algebra. St. Peter’s 
 School, Oshkosh: —Two volumes: Spelling, Christian Doctrine, ortho¬ 
 graphy, language, object lessons, geography, penmanship, kindergarten 
 work, arithmetic, grammar, United States history, Bible History, physio¬ 
 logy, natural philosophy and map drawing. Dominican Sisters (Racine) 
 Holy Cross School, New Kaukauna:—Two volumes: Arithmetic, 
 orthography, Christian Doctrine, object lessons, United States history, 
 letter writing, physiology, geography, penmanship and civil government. 
 St. Mary’s School, Oshkosh:—Three volumes: Christian Doctrine, 
 orthography, arithmetic, geography, penmanship, letter writing, German 
 and English translations and albums of freehand drawing. Holy 
 Guardian Angels’ School, Sturgeon Bay:—One volume: Christian 
 Doctrine, grammar, arithmetic, geography, United States history, ques¬ 
 tions on physics, freehand drawing, language lessons, map drawing. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Agnes (Fond du Lac) contributed work from Holy 
 Angels’ School, Buchanan:—Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, spell 
 ing, arithmetic, grammar, geography, history, freehand drawing and 
 orthography. St. Luke’s School, Two Rivers :—One volume: Ortho¬ 
 graphy, Christian Doctrine, language, letter writing, grammar, arith¬ 
 metic, United States history, penmanship and book-keeping. St John's 
 School, Woodville: —One volume: Christian Doctrine, orthography 
 United States history, geography, arithmetic, drawing, civics, physi¬ 
 ology, penmanship and letter writing. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Joseph were represented by exhibits a3 follows: — 
 St. Peter’s School, Oconto:—Christian Doctrine, orthography, arithmetic, 
 penmanship, letter writing, grammar, United States history, German and 
 
 141 
 
English translations, albums of freehand drawing. St. Joseph’s Indian 
 Industrial School, Keshena Reservation (Menominee Tribe), AY is., 
 Female Department:—Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, geography, 
 arithmetic, grammar, orthography, language, map drawing, specimens 
 of Jinear drawing. Shoes made by Indian boys. Needle-work, 
 crocheting, plain sewing by Indian girls. Photographs. Miniature 
 engine boiler by Indian boy, Gabriel Tucker. Crayons of Grover 
 Cleveland and George Washington. Sacred Heart School, Shawano, 
 Wis.: —One volume: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, geog¬ 
 raphy, Bible History, algebra, botany, United States history, civics, 
 compositions, rhetoric, geometry, natural philosophy, physiology, free¬ 
 hand drawing and map drawings. 
 
 The Sisters of the Incarnate Word sent work from one school, 
 namely :—St. Joseph’s School, West De Pere, Wis.:—Three volumes: 
 Christian Doctrine, orthography, arithmetic, penmanship, map drawing, 
 language lessons, geography, Bible History, grammar, United States 
 history, physics, etymology, general history, letter writing, physical 
 geography, literature, album of music and freehand drawing. 
 
 Descriptions and illustrations of the Green Bay exhibits, will be 
 found on page 20. 
 
 The Diocese of La Crosse was represented by the work of three reli¬ 
 gious orders. 
 
 The Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration contributed displays 
 from seven schools in the city of La Crosse, viz.: St. Joseph’s Cathedral 
 School, La Crosse, Wis. :—Four volumes: Christian Doctrine, lan¬ 
 guage, grammar, compositions, arithmetic, writing, geography and 
 United States history. Holy Cross School:—One volume drawing, two 
 volumes: Christian Doctrine, Bible History, language, grammar, trans¬ 
 lations, compositions, United States history, geography, physiology and 
 penmanship. Holy Trinity School : —One volume drawing, two vol¬ 
 umes : Christian Doctrine, Bible History, grammar, language, composi¬ 
 tions, translations; arithmetic, penmanship, geography and United States 
 history. St. James’ School:—One volume: Christian Doctrine, Bible 
 History, grammar, arithmetic, language, compositions, United States 
 history, physiology, civil government, book-keeping, commercial law and 
 algebra. St. John’s School: —One volume drawing, two volumes: Arith¬ 
 metic, book-keeping, civil government, commercial law, geography, pen¬ 
 manship, physiology, United States history, Bible History, compositions 
 and translations. St. Mary’s School:—One volume drawing, two vol¬ 
 umes : Christian Doctrine, Bible History, spelling, language, grammar, 
 compositions, arithmetic, writing, geography and United States history. 
 St. Wenceslaus’ School: —Two volumes : Christian Doctrine, Bible His¬ 
 tory, spelling, language, grammar, translations, arithmetic, geography, 
 United States history,penmanship, compositions, grammar, German and 
 one volume drawing. St. Michael and St. Ann’s Orphanage :—Two 
 volumes class work and one volume drawing. St. Agnes’ School, Ash¬ 
 land, Wis.:— One volume drawing, three volumes : Christian Doctrine, 
 Bible History, spelling, language, grammar, translations, rhetoric, liter¬ 
 ature, compositions, penmanship, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, United 
 States history, physiology, botany, zoology and general history. Christ’s 
 School, Bayfield, Wis.:—One volume map drawing, two volumes : Pen¬ 
 manship, compositions, language, arithmetic, catechism, grammar, geog¬ 
 raphy, Bible History and United States history. St. Mary’s School, 
 Fountain City, Wis. :■—One volume drawing, two volumes : Arithmetic, 
 geography, compositions, grammar, language, Christian Doctrine, United 
 States history, physiology, civil government, book-keeping, Bible History 
 and penmanship. St. Patrick’s School, Hudson :—Two volumes class 
 work, one volume drawing. St. Mary’s School, Neillsville: —One volume 
 freehand drawing, two volumes: Catechism, Bible History, language, 
 grammar, compositions, translations, arithmetic, penmanship, geography 
 and United States history. St. Mary’s School, St. Mary’s Ridge, Wis.:— 
 One volume drawing, two volumes: Christian Doctrine, Bible History, 
 compositions, translations, arithmetic, United States history, language, 
 grammar, geography, physiology and penmanship. St. Aloysius’ 
 School, Sauk City, Wis.:—One volume drawing,twO-volumes: Arithme¬ 
 tic, compositions, drawing, geography, grammar, spelling, United States 
 history, arithmetic, catechism, German and Bible History. St. Pat¬ 
 rick’s School, Sparta, Wis.:—Two volumes class work. 
 
 The School Sisters of Notre Dame presented the following extensive 
 displays:—St. Mary’s Institute, Prairie du Chien: One framed view of 
 St. Mary’s Institute and environs. Six albums examination papers 
 (class ’92), three herbariums, three albums examination papers (class 
 
 ’94), ten albums (intermediate A): Bible History, grammar, composi¬ 
 tions, rhetoric, arithmetic, algebra, book-keeping, geography, United 
 States history and physiology. One album (intermediate B) examina¬ 
 tion papers, two albums (preparatory) examination papers, one album 
 (primary) examination papers, three albums shorthand, one book “On 
 the Prairie,” ten albums music, one album biographical sketches, eleven 
 albums art work, ninety booklets: Essays, studies and poems, one 
 painted motto and thirty oil paintings. Notre Dame School, Chippewa 
 Falls, Wis.:—One historical chart, one geological chart, one landscape, 
 one mechanical drawing, one volume kindergarten work, four volumes 
 class work; primary grades: Bible stories, language, arithmetic, geog¬ 
 raphy, science, drawing; two volumes grammar, catechism, Bible 
 History, language and arithmetic, geography, United States history, 
 civil government, physiology, compositions,.science lessons; one volume 
 class work; high school: Church History,mensuration, algebra, physics, 
 astronomy, literature, physical geography, general history, essays, me¬ 
 chanical drawing; one volume freehand drawing, from all grades; one 
 map drawing, one volume music, photographs of pupils, history of Notre 
 Dame School, ten volumes class work. St. Charles’ Borromeo School:-— 
 Four volumes: Christian Doctrine and grammar, English and German, 
 compositions, arithmetic, geography, United States history, book-keep¬ 
 ing, map and freehand drawing. St. Gabriel’s School, Prairie du Chien, 
 Wis.:—Three volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, language, geog¬ 
 raphy, grammar, compositions, natural science, United States history, 
 algebra, physiology, penmanship, one volume book-keeping and one 
 volume drawing. St. Mary’s School, Marshfield, Wis.:—One volume 
 freehand drawing, two volumes: Christian Doctrine, penmanship, lan¬ 
 guage, arithmetic, geography, grammar, composition, orthography, 
 translations and United States history. St. Francis’ School, Superior 
 City, Wis.:—Two volumes class work. Our Lady of Lourdes’ School, 
 Standfold, Wis.:—One volume of class work. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Joseph sent two displays from Seat of Wisdom 
 School, New Richmond:—Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, 
 geography, United States history, Bible History, philosophy, spelling, 
 grammar, composition, penmanship, algebra and rhetoric. 
 
 Descriptions and illustrations of the La Crosse diocesan exhibit will 
 be found on page 22. 
 
 Oje (Exhibit of ttje Dominican Sisters. 
 
 In alcove No. 4, represented in our illustration, were the exhibits of 
 the Dominican Sisters of the following dioceses: St. Paul, Milwaukee, 
 Nesqually, Nashville and Grand Rapids; also the exhibits of the Sisters 
 of Notre Dame (Cincinnati Community) of the Dioceses of Boston, Cin¬ 
 cinnati and Springfield. These displays will now be considered, in 
 connection with this illustration, since there was only one of these 
 dioceses that presented an exhibit, and that, of Milwaukee, has been 
 already commented upon. 
 
 Bethlehem Academy, Faribault, Minn., in charge of Dominican 
 Sisters (Sinsinawa, Wis.), was represented by carefully written, well ex¬ 
 pressed and thoroughly correct papers on the academic branches, 
 including Christian Doctrine, arithmetic and algebra, grammar and 
 composition, United States, English and Irish history and rhetoric and 
 literature, also book-keeping. The tasty binding, the pretty, graceful 
 decorations in pen-work, adorning each paper, the thoroughness of the 
 methods displayed, the logical arrangement and the graceful expression 
 of the information given on each subject, all combined to render the 
 work, in some degree, worthy of the elegant and eloquent introduction 
 the Rev. pastor had inscribed in this volume. 
 
 From Villa Maria Academy, Frontenac, Minn., in charge of the 
 Ursuline Sisters, was sent a volume of the school journal, a number of 
 photographs of the institution and its surroundings and a beautiful col¬ 
 lection of carefully and skillfully preserved botanical specimens. 
 
 The Holy Rosary Parochial School in Minneapolis, in charge of the 
 Dominican Sisters (SinsinawaTVYis.), contributed four large, handsomely 
 bound volumes, filled with work worthy of high commendation. The grad¬ 
 ing of the school was shown to be excellent, so orderly and gradual was 
 the upward tendency of the papers, from those produced by the primary 
 classes to those of the graduates in the high school department. Each 
 grade had contributed drawings which were bound in among the class 
 exercises and written examinations. Each paper was prettily decorated 
 
 142 
 
those on literature being preceded by a portrait of the author under 
 consideration. The methods used in arithmetic and grammar were the 
 best in vogue. The problems in algebra and the demonstrations in 
 geometry were pleasing, not only to the judgment, but also to the sight, 
 they were so carefully arranged and so prettily written. In fact, the 
 penmanship was excellent all through the four volumes, that of the 
 pupils hi the high school department being really beautiful. 
 
 St. Mary’s Assumption School, in St. Paul, contributed two volumes 
 of such beautiful work as we were accustomed to see from pupils of the 
 School Sisters of Notre Dame. The contents of these volumes may he 
 included in the comments made on the Notre Dame collective exhibit, 
 
 From Seattle, in the far-away Diocese of Nesqually, Washington, 
 came a very worthy exhibit of parochial school work, prepared by the 
 pupils of the Sacred Heart School, under the direction of a small com¬ 
 munity of Dominican Sisters, originally from New York. 
 
 Eight volumes, handsomely bound, presented class exercises and 
 written examinations from the common school and high school grades. 
 Each grade had attained the average required by competent and exact¬ 
 ing teachers; each paper was a proof of the diligence of the pupils and 
 of the excellent methods pursued in the school. Christian Doctrine was 
 given in a clear, concise style suited to its forcible expression; numbers, 
 from the little ones, with arithmetic and algebra from the higher grades, 
 displayed the best of methods, as to statement and analysis; language, 
 from the primary grades and grammar from the sixth, seventh and 
 eighth grades, were a guarantee for the excellence of the compositions 
 contributed by the advanced classes. Object lessons from the wee 
 observers of nature and botany, zoology and physics, from the higher 
 grades, manifested an intelligent study of science and of its application to 
 familiar things in life. United States history lost none of its interest, 
 as reproduced by the pens of these thoughtful pupils, nor did physiology 
 become a mere statement of dry facts, but a discourse on the value of 
 health and a manifestation of the laws upon which its preservation 
 depends. The penmanship was pretty and correct, the drawings and 
 the work in water colors were attractive and quite artistic. 
 
 In almost the same latitude as the school just mentioned, but in a 
 widely different longitude is the location of the Dominican Convent 
 whose exhibit rested on the same table with those from the Dominicans 
 in the Archdiocese of St. Paul and in the Diocese of Nesqually. 
 
 From St. Alphonsus’ Dominican School, in Grand Rapids, Michigan 
 there were volumes of very pleasing work, prettily written and carefully 
 expressed, also most methodically arranged. The clear, concise style of 
 expression found in all the papers, and the careful arrangement of prob¬ 
 lems and their solutions found in the mathematical exercises, were 
 learned from none but well practiced teachers. 
 
 The pretty penmanship rendered each paper attractive and easy to 
 read ; catechism, with its brief questions and answers, was reverently and 
 correctly presented; geometry and book-keeping rivaled each other in 
 their charming appearance; the one with its beautifully drawn figures 
 and excellent demonstrations, the other with its regular columns of pret¬ 
 tily written digits and its careful ruling. Literature, geology, physics and 
 commercial law were each treated of in a thorough and practical way 
 that showed efficient training in the proper method of acquiring an ex¬ 
 tensive knowledge of these difficult subjects. Some interesting papers 
 on music were presented, also a collection of very well written essays on 
 various practical subjects. 
 
 The Sacred Heart Dominican School, Mt. Pleasant, Mich., was repre¬ 
 sented by one volume of papers on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, lan¬ 
 guage and United States history; it contained also specimens of very 
 pretty penmanship and a number of very pleasing pencil drawings. The 
 compositions were strong and good in sentiment and correct in expres¬ 
 sion. The class exercises and other papers, whether they referred rev¬ 
 erently to the mysteries of religion, presented neatly arranged solutions 
 of problems, or treated of history and geography, were, each and all, sat¬ 
 isfactory evidence of the excellent work done in the school. 
 
 The choice of subjects in literature, and their skillful treatment by 
 the youthful critics, displayed judgment and good taste. Geometry, 
 with its clear, logical demonstrations and orderly figures, constituted a 
 very praiseworthy set of papers, as did also geology and physiology. 
 
 St. Francis’ Dominican School, in Traverse City, Michigan, contri¬ 
 buted one volume of school work from the second to the tenth grades 
 inclusive. 
 
 The correct and well-written primary work made a most favorable 
 
 impression, and prepared the experienced reader for the excellent papers 
 presented by the higher grades. Each subject was treated of with exact¬ 
 ness as to fact and to expression, also with regard for the latest and 
 best methods. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Dominican School, in Saginaw, Mich., contributed three 
 volumes of creditable examination papers and class exercises. Bible 
 History was given with the perfect ease that comes of perfect knowledge; 
 the book-keeping was as business-like in appearance and results as 
 could be desired ; arithmetic, with its methodically arranged problems 
 and solutions, and grammar, with its excellent definitions and the appli¬ 
 cation of them, in parsing and analysis, were surpassed only by the 
 rhetoric, the literature, the physics and the physiology, from the higher 
 grades of the same school. 
 
 St. Mary’s Dominican School, Clarksville, Tenn., presented six hand¬ 
 somely bound volumes of commendable school work, from the primary 
 and intermediate grades. The subjects treated of were Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, from all grades, numbers, language, reading and spelling, from the 
 well-trained primary classes, and arithmetic from the bright intermedi¬ 
 ates. The nicely written, well composed and thoroughly original com¬ 
 positions gave proofs of the careful attention given language and gram¬ 
 mar. The beauty of the penmanship rendered all the papers attractive. 
 
 Oje (Exhibits of tt?c Sisters of Hotrc Dame be Icamur. 
 
 The Sisters of Notre Dame of Namur originated in Belgium. Marie 
 Rose Julia Billiart, a native of Picardy, who was bom in 1751, was the 
 founder of this Sisterhood. From her sixteenth year, she suffered from 
 a variety of severe trials, loss of fortune and of health being chief 
 among them. In 1794, she, a child of the people, was joined by Marie 
 Louisa de Bourbon, the daughter of a Viscount, and together they 
 became the cornerstone of a magnificent spiritual edifice. They began 
 their life-work by instructing orphans, and, in 1805, having made their 
 religious vows, an increase of God’s blessing seemed to come upon 
 them, for, before the end of the year, they numbered thirty-seven in 
 their infant community. 
 
 The founder had died in 1816, and the community was governed by 
 Mother Ignatia, when Bishop Purcell, in 1839, while visiting in Namur, 
 made her acquaintance, and requested that a colony of the Sisters of 
 Notre Dame de Namur should take up their abode in his diocese. In 
 that same year, his wish was gratified, and after a month’s voy¬ 
 age on the ocean, the Sisters, eight in number, reached New York City, 
 whence they proceeded to Cincinnati, where they were heartily wel¬ 
 comed, and where they have since prospered steadily. 
 
 In 1848, the Jesuit Fathers of St. Mary’s Church, in Boston, intro¬ 
 duced them to that city where they increased greatly in numbers and 
 whence they spread to neighboring towns. A community of these 
 religious made a foundation in Oregon, in 1844, which was transferred, 
 in 1851, to California, where they now have many flourishing schools. 
 There are twelve hundred of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur 
 now laboring in the cause of education in the United States. 
 
 The Academy of Notre Dame, Boston, contributed to the exhibit five 
 volumes of class work and examination papers. The branches treated of 
 were Christian Doctrine, botany and literature, also specimens of pen¬ 
 manship and of drawing. The Christian Doctrine papers were on the 
 following subjects : “ The Ecclesiastical Year,” “A General View of the 
 Feasts and Fasts,” “ The Observance of Advent,” ‘‘The Lenten Season,” 
 “The Paschal-Tide,” “The Principal Figures of the Blessed Virgin,” 
 “The Blessed Virgin Figured by Eve, by the Rainbow, by the Tower of 
 David, by the Lily and the Rose,” “Information Regarding the Principal 
 Scapulars : Our Lady of Mt. Carmel,” etc. “ The Bible: A Catalogue of 
 Its Books, and Explanations of Parts of Its Contents”; “Condition of 
 Man: Before the Fall and After the Fall.” The written examination in 
 Christian Doctrine required the discussion of subjects from catechism, 
 Bible and Church History. 
 
 Those from the last named were : “ The Temporal Power of the 
 Popes; How it Was Gained, Kept and Lost,” “The Reformation, Its 
 Causes, Leaders and Effects,” “ The War of the Investitures,” “The 
 General Councils,” “The History of Palestine.” These difficult sub¬ 
 jects and living questions were handled with reverence, with intelligence 
 and with good judgment. The papers were as excellent logically, as 
 grammatically. 
 
 143 
 
The literature consisted of “An Anthology of Classical English Writ¬ 
 ings,” of “Original Poems and Essays these were written on thirteen 
 different subjects. There were several long, dignified and thoughtful 
 papers on such subjects as : “The Children’s Opinion of Books that They 
 Have Read.” Biographical sketches under the title “ Honored Names,” 
 “Points of the Compass,” “ American Literature, Its Writers, Periods 
 and Influence.” The compositions were without a peer in the educa¬ 
 tional exhibit. They presented every quality that renders such work 
 admirable. 
 
 In botany, three subjects were treated of, vis.: “ Divisions of Plants,” 
 “Kinds of Plants” and “Flowers.” Each subject was profusely and 
 beautifully illustrated. 
 
 The illustrations and decorations of each and every paper in this ex¬ 
 hibit were superb. In the display from this one academy there were one 
 hundred and thirty specimens of drawing, freehand, object and geom¬ 
 etric, also illustrations of the eight principal rules of perspective. This 
 generous drill in the use of the pencil proved its value, when papers 
 were to be prepared for the great Fair. For nearly every lesson in his¬ 
 tory, geography, literature and science was accompanied by a full page 
 illustration, to say nothing of dainty borders, quaint corner-pieces and 
 elaborate headings. 
 
 The parish school work was just as richly illustrated and beautifully 
 decorated as the work from the academies, and though some of these 
 schools sent no specimens of the ordinary pencil work, the various illus¬ 
 trations of the examination papers proved their pupils to be most skill¬ 
 ful in this particular. Too much cannot be said in praise of the 
 
 exquisite pen sketches that were scattered through the various books. 
 The needle-work display from Notre Dame Academy included plain 
 sewing, tatting, embroidery and lace making—one hundred and fifteen 
 pieces in all. The plain sewing comprised four varieties of stitching, 
 running, back-stitching, hemming and top-sewing. The specimens illus¬ 
 trate Flat seam, French double, antique,'hemmed open and double, 
 gathering and whipping, also button-holes in linen and dress material; 
 the correct sewing on of tape, string and loop at the corner and the 
 middle of hems; binding properly; hemming slits and strengthening 
 them with gussets; sewing on piping; herring-boning, fixing whalebones; 
 in fact, everything connected with dress-making was exemplified. 
 
 The embroidery stitches used in preparing this display were:—The 
 outline or stem stitch, the briar, feather, coral and satin stitches; the 
 Queen Anne and weaving stitches; the bullion, the birdseye and the 
 Kensington filling-in; beading, loop and knot, ladder, button-hole, 
 scallop, twisted, seed, border, cat and herring-bone stitches; the Persian, 
 the single briar, the half-Kensington, the Roman and the Leviathan 
 stitches. There were also samples of outline and salon foundation, 
 darned in Roman floss; table mats of Java canvas in grant embroidery 
 silk; samples of darned or embroidered net and of netted inserting. 
 The samples of tatting were:—Plain edge, two shuttle edge; ring, fringe, 
 wheel, rosette, vandyke patterns; also insertion and edging. The lace 
 patterns displayed were:—Renaissance, double-twisted stitch, double- 
 twisted baf and plain button-hole stitch, also Russian stitch and column 
 insertion; Chester stitch, plain and wheel branches, cone patterns and 
 net work. 
 
 @lledirc Exhibits of tl?e s^rcbdiocese of go^ton. 
 
 Summary of Icotre Dame (Exhibits. 
 
 We will now quote the Notre Dame exhibits from Massachusetts, as 
 they are catalogued, and make our comments general, for there was a 
 similarity of excellent features among them that renders it needless to 
 describe each in detail. 
 
 St. Patrick’s Academy, Lowell, Mass., contributed two volumes of 
 needle-work; one volume of class work which contained:—Christian 
 Doctrine, English composition, Spanish translations, French transla¬ 
 tions, German poems and Latin translations; another volume of class 
 work contained papers on geology, chemistry, botany, mathematics, 
 geometry, trigonometry and commercial forms. The needle-work con¬ 
 sisted of samples of various stitches and of various patterns attached to 
 the pages of two very large books. 
 
 The pupils of this institution showed themselves to be accomplished 
 linguists, so far at least, as written exercises were concerned. Accom¬ 
 plishments had not caused a neglect of solid attainments, however, for 
 the work in mathematics was that of thorough scholars, and the sciences 
 mentioned above were treated of in a manner that indicated careful 
 study, the beautifully drawn illustrations evincing a thorough under¬ 
 standing of principles and laws. 
 
 From Notre Dame Academy, Highlands, Mass., there was one vol¬ 
 ume of American and English literature, admirable for its mechanical 
 and its intellectual features, and one volume of zoology, astronomy 
 and chemistry, also specimens of composition. The opportunity 
 that the natural sciences give for a beautiful exposition of facts 
 and laws was not neglected. The compositions were praiseworthy in 
 every particular. Prominent in the display was the work from fifteen 
 parochial schools, three of them in the Diocese of Springfield, the others 
 in the Diocese of Boston. 
 
 The Sacred Heart School, Springfield, Mass., sent to the exhibit one 
 volume of choice specimens of skillful needle-work and one volume of 
 admirable school work concerning the following subjects: Catechism 
 and Bible History, arithmetic, algebra and book-keeping; United States 
 and English history, geography, grammar, spelling, zoology, astro¬ 
 nomy and botany, also literature. 
 
 St. John’s School, Worcester, Mass., sent one volume of very pretty 
 drawings and one volume of excellent class work, as follows:—Christian 
 Doctrine, arithmetic, language, grammar, United States history, geogra¬ 
 phy and compositions. 
 
 St. John’s High School, in the same city, sent one volume of 
 genuine high school work; there was nothing superficial about the 
 papers that had been chosen to bear evidence as to the attainments of 
 St. John’s high school pupils. Church History, United States and 
 English history, arithmetic and algebra, physical geography and astro¬ 
 nomy, book-keeping, map-drawing and architectural drawing were each 
 presented with a most pleasing thoroughness of knowledge and grace¬ 
 fulness of expression. 
 
 St. John’s School, Boston, Mass., presented a volume of beautiful 
 specimens of needle-work of varied stitches and patterns; a volume of 
 charming drawings; and a volume of class exercises in Christian Doc¬ 
 trine and Sacred History, in arithmetic, grammar, geography, United 
 States history, literature and composition; there were also specimens 
 of exquisite penmanship. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, Boston, was represented by one album of needle¬ 
 work, two volumes of excellent drawings and by two volumes of 
 school work that reflected honor on all concerned in its preparation. 
 These books contained papers on Christian Doctrine, Sacred History, 
 grammar, geography, botany, literature and algebra, also specimens of 
 penmanship, of compositions and of business letters. 
 
 From East Boston, came the exhibit of the Holy Redeemer High 
 School, which consisted of one volume of information regarding litera¬ 
 ture, astronomy, philosophy, mineralogy, botany, history, algebra, 
 civil government, book-keeping and music. Each paper was replete 
 with excellent features. The Holy Redeemer School, the Assumption 
 School and the Sacred Heart School, of East Boston, united in the 
 following exhibit:—Two volumes of papers on Christian Doctrine and 
 Bible History, grammar, geography and United States history, language 
 and composition, zoology and botany, also book-keeping. There was 
 an additional volume filled with skillfully executed specimens of 
 needle-work. A unique piece was a map of the United States in cross- 
 stitch embroidery. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, Lawrence, Mass., was honored in its exhibit of 
 model examination papers in which were discussed, with delightful 
 accuracy and perfect thoroughness, the various branches of the grammar 
 and high school courses. The able demonstration of the most import¬ 
 ant principles of mathematics; the skillful solution of algebraic problems, 
 the intelligent statements of the facts of United States history and 
 geography, the wide grasp of the causes of the phenomena of astronomy 
 and natural philosophy; the broad knowledge of the principles of 
 
 144 
 
language and grammar; the unerring certainty in book-keeping; the 
 graceful exposition of the beauties of music and of literature; the 
 practical application of this general knowledge in the writing of compo¬ 
 sitions, the collection of poems unusually fine for young lady students to 
 produce, all contributed to make this a most inspiring display. Nor 
 were more serious matters neglected, as the exact and most satisfactory 
 answers in catechism proved. The whole was an excellent exposition 
 of the “Catholic system.” 
 
 St. Patrick’s School, Lowell, Mass., reflected not a little of the light 
 of St. Patrick’s Academy, in the same city and parish. It certainly 
 made a favorable impression to find that, in such studies as were 
 common to the courses of both institutions, the parochial school pupils 
 had received the same instructions as the students at the academy, and 
 were equally well able to discuss them. The four volumes of specimens 
 of needle-work from this school were found to contain just such elabo¬ 
 rate patterns and exact stitches as those already described in minute 
 detail when comments were made on the academy display. The 
 volume of school work might have been placed beside those from the 
 academy, and have suffered nothing from the contrast. The subjects 
 were largely the sameArithmetic and algebra; language and gram¬ 
 mar; history and geography; astronomy, literature and composition. 
 
 The highlv creditable exhibit of parochial school work from St. 
 Mary’s School, Lynn, Mass., comprised three large, handsomely bound 
 volumes, two of which contained admirable papers on arithmetic and 
 book-keeping, botany and physiology, geology and conchology, litera¬ 
 ture and composition, also music. The third contained papers, just 
 as praiseworthy, on United States, English and Sacred History; on 
 grammar, geography and zoology, also specimens of drawing and of 
 essays. 
 
 A very interesting and helpful exhibit was sent from St. James’ 
 School, Salem, Mass. It included “Methods in Teaching Geography,” 
 “Topical Synopsis of Geography,” and a volume of “Geography Out¬ 
 lined.” 
 
 St. Joseph’s School, Sommerville, Mass., sent a most worthy con¬ 
 tribution to the collection of Notre Dame work. It consisted of a 
 volume of beautiful specimens of drawing; a volume of science lessons 
 from the little ones ; two volumes from the advanced classes. These 
 last presented papers on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, algebra, 
 language, grammar, geography, natural history, natural science, litera¬ 
 ture and book-keeping, also music. There were also, in this display, 
 thirteen specimens of sewing and needle-work. 
 
 An exceedingly fine collection of high school work came from St. 
 Joseph’s School, Waltham, Mass. This included Church and United 
 States history, algebra and book-keeping, astronomy and natural 
 philosophy, English and American literature, botany and composition. 
 The grammar grades contributed a volume of catechism and Bible 
 History, arithmetic and geography, grammar and compositions, lan¬ 
 guage, spelling and United States history. 
 
 St. Peter and St. Paul’s School, South Boston, contributed a 
 volume of Christian Doctrine, history, literature, astronomy, algebra, 
 book-keeping, botany, arithmetic, object lessons and physiology. A 
 beautifully prepared exhibit of excellent school work. 
 
 St. Mary’s, Cambridgeport, Mass., presented a volume of papers on 
 Christian Doctrine, history, science, rhetoric, astronomy, algebra, 
 arithmetic, book-keeping, literature, grammar and geography, also 
 specimens of compositions. Each paper was a model of excellence. 
 The parish school of East Lowell contributed a volume of pretty spe¬ 
 cimens of needle-work. 
 
 So excellent was the work of all these schools, it would be a pleasure, 
 as well as a valuable and suggestive lesson, to study it in detail. Since 
 space will not admit of so extended a notice, and since, as we remarked 
 before, the excellent features were common to the displays of all the 
 schools, to take a detailed view of each branch of study will do the sub¬ 
 ject justice. 
 
 Christian Doctrine, under the headings “Catechism,” “ Church His¬ 
 tory” and “ Evidences of Christianity,” was treated of, not in the easy, 
 mechanical, technical style, but in essays, to write which required thor¬ 
 ough and extended knowledge of the subjects assigned. The choice of 
 subjects is an indication of the teacher’s estimate of her pupils’ ability. 
 The following themes tell their own stories, which were not marred but 
 rather enhanced by the essays produced in discussing them. They 
 were: “The Ten Persecutions,” “The Conversions of the Barbarians,” 
 
 “ The Greek and Latin Doctors of the Church,” “The difference between 
 Fathers of the Church and Doctors of the Church,” “The Pontificate of 
 Gregory VII,” “An Outline of the Centuries of the Christian Era,” 
 “The Great Saints of the Church,” “The Pontificate of Pius IX,” “ God, 
 the Alpha and Omega,” “ Law, Human and Divine,” “ Traditions,” 
 
 “ Monasticism,” “Titles Conferred by the Holy See,” “The Church and 
 the Progress,” “ The Sacred Vessels,” “Christian Emperors and Kings,” 
 “The Parables and their Application,” “The Inquisition and Its De¬ 
 fence,” “ Our Divine Lord Prefigured,” “Our Blessed Lady Prefigured.” 
 These are a few of the many important subjects that were treated of with 
 a clearness and beauty of diction, a depth of thought and a thorough¬ 
 ness of knowledge that rendered them worthy of highest praise. 
 
 The brain-work and handiwork of these schools made a most impres¬ 
 sive display, regarding which most favorable comments were made 
 through the press. A correspondent of the Boston Pilot referred to the 
 exhibit in the following terms : “The subjects of topics were left entirely 
 to the discretion of those in charge of each school. The wisdom of this 
 course was manifested in the varied and interesting examples of work 
 that filled booth No. 4. The same subject was thus presented in a 
 pleasing variety of aspects. In many instances the papers were illus¬ 
 trated with charming drawings in pen and ink, in others they were 
 accompanied by pictures executed in soft and delicate coloring.” 
 
 To continue our personal impressions of the work, we will refer to the 
 features common to the papers on history, grammar, rhetoric, geography 
 and mathematics. 
 
 General history was presented in accordance with the outline, or 
 synoptic system, each topic the subject of a clearly expressed paragraph, 
 illustrated with a map or some other suitable drawing. Some of the 
 subjects were : “Careers of Great Emperors,” “ The Wise Man of All 
 Ages,” “Celebrated Conquests,” “Each Nation’s Greatest Rulers,” 
 “Generals,” “Brief History of Each European Nation, with Map of 
 Each,” “The Decisive Battles of All Times,” “ The Social and Moral 
 Factors of Various Historical Periods.” United States history was 
 treated of under the usual headings, “Epochs and Wars.” 
 
 The literature papers presented “The Classics of All Nations,” “ Life 
 and Works of Various English and American Authors,” “Chief Writers 
 of Various Centuries,” “ Ages and Periods of English and American Lit¬ 
 erature,” “Novelists’ (English and American) Biographical Sketch and 
 Estimate of Works” “Specimens of Literary Criticism” (on twenty-five 
 books and several poems), “Outlines of Study of Various Authors,” 
 “Watchwords From” (specially mentioned authors), “Diagrams and 
 Quotations,” “Analytical Studies,” “ Critical Studies.” 
 
 The grammar papers presented definitions, rules and applications, 
 diagrams of parsing and analysis, business notes and letters, and social 
 correspondence. 
 
 The knowledge of rhetoric was shown in compositions ; some of the 
 subjects of which follow: “With the Vikings,” “ A Bit of Driftwood,” 
 “Ocean Decades” (poem), translations from Spanish, French and Latin, 
 “Too Speedily Won,” “ Lights Across the Water,” “ Clusters of Ameri¬ 
 can, Irish and Spanish Compositions,” “The Christian Gentleman, and 
 the Social Apostolate.” 
 
 Geography was outlined and illustrated with maps and drawings. 
 The natural and physical sciences were treated of in the same way, and 
 giving, as they did, such a fine opportunity for illustration, these papers 
 were elaborately decorated with pencil and pencil drawings. Mathe¬ 
 matics, algebra, arithmetic, geometry and trigonometry, were presented 
 according to the very best methods. 
 
 Illustrations: Some of the pen and pencil sketches were as follows : 
 Full page plan of “ Waltham, the City of Watches”; full page etching, 
 “ The First Shoe Factory in Lynn ” ; full page etching, “ A Modern Shoe 
 Factory”; two full page etchings, “Liberty Enlightening the World” and 
 “St. Mary’s School, Lynn, Mass.” India ink etching of “ Cedarmere,” 
 “ Elmwood” and “ Longfellow’s Home.” 
 
 Drawing comprised one hundred and thirty specimens of freehand 
 and perspective from five different schools. The needle-work in¬ 
 cluded :—I. One hundred and twenty pieces of plain sewing, em¬ 
 broidery, crochet and knitting, comprising forty inner and outer 
 garments, illustrating the various stitches mentioned when com¬ 
 menting on similar work from Academy of Notre Dame; eleven 
 pieces of Mexican work ; forty-three pieces of lace; toilet set, doilies, 
 tidies; stockings, mittens, socks; ten pieces of linen and silk embroidery; 
 feather-stitching, hair-pin and scalloping. II. Ninety-five pieces, as 
 
 143 
 
above. III. Eighteen pieces plain sewing and wool crochet, illustrating 
 all the stitches ; twelve pieces of filochet, patterns darned in net, with 
 silk and linen, hem-stitching and painting on bolting cloth ; point lace 
 in various patterns and stitches, wrought into collars and handkerchiefs ; 
 sixteen pieces of embroidery with silk and chenille on velvet, silk, linen 
 and muslin. IV. Twenty-six pieces similar to those mentioned in the 
 third group. V. Sixty-eight pieces of the same style of work as that 
 of Academy from Notre Dame. VI. Thirteen large pieces of work. 
 All the classes in the school competed, and not more than two pieces 
 were chosen from each class. The work displayed at the Fair comprised 
 a priest’s surplice and a girl’s outfit. These illustrate all varieties of 
 stitches in plain sewing, several kinds of lace making, knitting and 
 crocheting. 
 
 There can have been but little idleness among the pupils of the Sis¬ 
 ters of Notre Dame of Massachusetts, otherwise they could not have ac¬ 
 complished so much needle-work and so many pieces of drawing, 
 besides their elegant grade work. 
 
 The work of St. Joseph’s School, Waltham, elicited much gracious 
 comment and opened the eyes of those who criticise “The Catholic 
 System.” The penmanship of the pupils of this school attracted the 
 gaze at once, and the substance of that which was written, particularly 
 regarding literature, held the attention in closest bonds until all the 
 papers had been read. 
 
 The pen and ink drawings from St. Mary’s, Lynn, were perhaps the 
 most beautiful and most skillful in the display. There was nothing to 
 compare with them outside the Chicago exhibits. The best of this pen 
 work appeared in the papers on botany and natural history. The display 
 from the Notre Dame schools in East Boston presented class work that 
 was faultless in style and framed, as it were, in exquisitely colored 
 illuminations, worthy almost of the monks of old. 
 
 Everything in the exhibit of the Massachusetts Sisters of Notre 
 Dame fades, however, before one of its own contributions that arrived 
 late. Those who visited the Catholic Educational Exhibit before Sep¬ 
 tember, of the Columbian year, and did not return to it, failed to see 
 the gem of the entire exhibit. That was a collection of six volumes, in 
 size about 12x18 inches and each about an inch thick, richly bound in 
 morocco, the covers ornamented heavily with gilt, the edges of the 
 leaves also gilt. “All the beauty of the king’s daughter” was within, 
 however, for little thought was given to the binding after the merest 
 glance had been obtained of the contents. These priceless volumes 
 presented the life and explorations of Columbus in unique splendor of 
 pen-printing and illuminated illustrations. The several title pages were 
 beautiful beyond description, a luxuriant profusion of artistic ornament¬ 
 ation executed with pen and brush in gold and in the rarest of coloring, 
 after designs that were marvels of intricate gracefulness. Each chapter 
 of the great discoverer’s life was printed with the pen, after a special 
 style of ornamental lettering, and was the work of an individual pupil. 
 Each chapter had a special style of heading, and a special pattern for 
 the decorated borders and corners of its pages. Beyond all its other 
 beauties though, was the indescribably exquisite full-page illustration 
 (scenes from the life of Columbus), in illuminated work, that accom¬ 
 panied each chapter. Those who saw the rich and exceedingly lovely 
 altar cards in the Philadelphia exhibit, or the illuminated psalms and 
 canticles in the San' Francisco exhibit may form a faint idea of the 
 appearance of a full-page picture of “The Birth-Place of Columbus,” 
 “Columbus Before the Spanish Monarchs,” “Columbus at La Rabida,” 
 “Columbus in Sight of the New Land,” “Columbus in Chains” and all 
 the rest with which we are so familiar in art, here produced in mediaeval 
 illumination ! Our illustrationtgives an idea of some of the designs, but 
 what shall give an image to the mind of the reader of the glowing col¬ 
 oring? It is hopeless; the work must be seen to be appreciated in the 
 slightest degree. It is not enthusiasm that inspires these comments; 
 it is simple justice. 
 
 The writer, when examining these most beautiful volumes, expressed, 
 to one standing near, her doubt that the pupils had executed all that 
 lovely work, or had even accomplished the pen-printing alone. A lady 
 approached, and gave the information (she had overheard the remark) 
 that she was the mother of one of the pupils who had taken part in 
 the production of this magnificent work, and had watched them per¬ 
 forming part of it,—could, in fact, vouch for its being the authentic 
 result of pupils’ efforts. The penmanship was really wonderful, but in 
 such writing was she accustomed to receive letters from her daughter. 
 
 We turn reluctantly from the memory of these handsome objects, 
 but we must pass on to respond to others’ claims on our attention. 
 
 John Gilmary Shea tells us that the first considerable body of Catho¬ 
 lics who entered New England were two thousand Acadians, torn 
 from their homes and landed on the coast of Massachusetts, in 1755, to 
 be scattered through the colony without priest or altar. 
 
 On the arrival of d’Estaing’s fleet at Boston, in 1778, the services 
 of the Catholic Church were offered for the first time openly in Massa¬ 
 chusetts. At the close of the Revolution, a better feeling existed in 
 New England regarding Catholics, because of the aid given by France, 
 a Catholic power. 
 
 A little congregation of Frenchmen, with a few Spaniards and thirty 
 Irishmen formed the first Catholic parish in Boston, Father Claude de 
 la Potherie conducting services for them in an old Huguenot church to 
 which was given the name of Holy Cross, a name ever since sacred in 
 Boston. In 1799, a church of that title was erected and solemnly dedi¬ 
 cated by Bishop Carroll, oii September 29th, 1808. 
 
 When the vast See of Baltimore was divided, Father Cheverus was 
 appointed the first bishop of Boston which included all New England. 
 When Bishop Cheverus was chosen for higher dignities in the church in 
 France, he was succeeded by Bishop Fenwick, who administered the 
 diocese until his death in 1S46, when he was followed by Bishop Fitz¬ 
 patrick. 
 
 The history of the Diocese of Boston is full of thrilling incidents 
 which we have not the space to recount here, but in few places has the 
 church had so great a struggle to survive, but obstacles only strengthen 
 her and opposition is her assurance of success. The Diocese of Boston 
 has now one hundred and seventy-six churches, with four hundred and 
 seventeen priests and a Catholic population of fi ve hundred and seventy- 
 five thousand. 
 
 MOST REV. JOHN JOSEPH WILLIAMS, D.D. 
 
 Most Rev. John Joseph Williams, D. D., was born in Boston, Mass., April 22d, 
 1822. He studied in his native city, during his boyhood days, at a time when 
 that city was thought to be the center of all educational forces, the only city in 
 the Union, in fact, that appreciated learning and cultivated its higher phases. 
 Leaving all pleasantries aside, Boston was indeed at that time the paradise of 
 the studiously inclined, and such waB the youthful John Joseph, hence he was 
 well prepared to begin, in 1833, his course at college, though he must have found 
 the Catholic atmosphere of Montreal very different from the air of bigotry and 
 prejudice that he had been accustomed to breathe in Boston which was in those 
 days bitterly opposed to everything Catholic. He graduated from the Montreal 
 
college in 1841, and then crossed the ocean in pursuit of the knowledge and 
 sacred discipline that should fit him for the high calling to which he felt himself 
 drawn. 
 
 Having followed a course of theology in the Sulpician Seminary of Paris, 
 France, he was ordained there in 1845, and returned to America to fulfill the 
 noble duties of a priest in a new land. He was appointed to the cathedral in 
 Boston, as an assistant, until 1855, when he was appointed rector. Two years 
 later, he was assigned to the pastorate of the old St. James’ church, on Albany 
 St., where he zealously labored and made fast friends, until 18G6, in which year, 
 on January 9th, he was notified that he had been chosen to be coadjutor to 
 Bishop Fitzpatrick, as titular bishop of Tripoli. Even before his consecration, 
 which took place on March 11th, ho had succeeded to the See of Boston by the 
 death of his superior. 
 
 The feeble health of Bishop Fitzpatrick had caused the postponement of 
 many excellent measures which the new bishop took immediately in hand and 
 pushed through to an admirable success. Everything received an impetus from 
 
 'Pjc ©iocese of p^astjoille, 'Jena. 
 
 In our illustration of alcove 77, we see the exhibits of the Christian 
 Brothers’ College in Memphis, Tenn., Diocese of Nashville. This dis¬ 
 play was especially interesting to visitors at the Fair, because it came 
 from an institution where Brother Maurelian had labored so long and 
 so successfully, before he became famous as an organizer of educational 
 exhibits. 
 
 This institution has three departments :—Collegiate, Commercial and 
 Preparatory. The collegiate was represented by work from its senior, 
 junior, sophomore, freshman and intermediate classes. The primary 
 class of the preparatory department filled 'two volumes with papers on 
 catechism, geography and arithmetic. Here was the cornerstone of 
 
 
 
 ___ 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 k 
 
 f 
 
 m t 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM; CHRISTIAN BROTHERS* COLLEGE, MEMPHIS, TENN. (ALCOVE NO. 77.) 
 
 his youthful energy. Religious communities were introduced into the diocese 
 schools, convents, hospitals and orphanages were built and put on an exceed¬ 
 ingly active footing. 
 
 So rapidly did everything grow towards a high spiritual advancement, the 
 See of Boston soon became too large for one bishop to attend its wants and keep 
 it on the upward path, hence the new Sees of Springfield and Providence were 
 created from a portion of the See of Boston, in the years 1870 and 1872 respect¬ 
 ively, and on February 12th, 1875, Boston became a metropolitan see and Arch¬ 
 bishop WilliamB received the Pallium from the venerable hands of the beloved 
 prelate of New York, Archbishop McCloskey. 
 
 Archbishop Williams has been the liberal patron of education, and many edu¬ 
 cational institutions have been established in his diocese. The most important 
 of these is the Theological Seminary of St. John, in Boston, in charge of the 
 Sulpicians. Archbishop Williams has ever been one of the watchful shepherds 
 who, in quiet retirement, guides and protects, by pray<£g and praise, the flock of 
 his church. 
 
 the educational edifice, as reared in this institution; here was perfection, 
 as far as the attainments of the child extended; it was primary work, 
 but it was perfect work of its kind. It was succeeded by work from the 
 first preparatory class in one volume of examinations in catechism, 
 geography, grammar, Bible History, United States history and one 
 volume of class work. Next came one volume of examinations from 
 the second preparatory classes. It was evident that there had been a 
 definite aim in view, when these exercises were written. It was truly 
 preparatory work, the first story of a structure intended to tower high 
 above the results of mistaken theories regarding educational archi¬ 
 tecture. That we should climb, as the following statement of classes 
 and studies required, was in the natural order of things, since we desired 
 to trace the footsteps of the young collegians in their upward movement 
 
 14.7 
 
through the educational structure that had been planned for them. 
 Intermediate class, three volumes of examinations in spelling, catechism, 
 history, geography, compositions and map drawing. Freshman class, 
 four volumes of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, composition, writing, 
 physical geography and miscellaneous class work. Sophomore class, 
 five volumes of examinations in Christian Doctrine, algebra, geometry, 
 trigonometry, natural philosophy, rhetoric, history, book-keeping and 
 
 COLLECTION OP PICTURES FROM ASHE ART SCHOOL, MEMPHIS, TEf 
 
 modern history. Junior class, twelve volumes of trigonometry survey¬ 
 ing, algebra, compositions, chemistry, natural philosophy, rhetoric, 
 Latin, Greek, plane and spherical trigonometry, English literature, 
 examination papers on Christian Doctrine, rhetoric, geometry, trigono¬ 
 metry, weekly readings and examinations and answers to questions in 
 literary reading. Senior class, twelve volumes of Latin, Greek, chemistry, 
 astronomy, logic, algebra, analytical geometry, calculus, English litera¬ 
 ture, examination papers (in surveying and navigation), political 
 
 economy, evidences of religion, Church History, compositions and 
 poems (from memory), readings, papers on Macbeth, questions on 
 reading, illustrated work on the natural sciences and book-keeping. 
 
 There were no mistakes in the plan, and those who had followed it, 
 in building up their intellectual structures, were happy in the results; 
 their parents and friends had reason to be proud and gratified, as they 
 viewed in this display, the educational edifice their sons had helped to 
 
 erect. The penmanship 
 always legible and usual¬ 
 ly correct and beautiful, 
 the work in mathematics 
 demonstrated with so 
 much clearness, the facts 
 in history so forcibly 
 stated, the literature 
 showing such elevated 
 taste, the principles of 
 natural and of physical 
 science so well illustrated, 
 the drawings and demon¬ 
 strations in geometry and 
 trigonometry so picture¬ 
 like,—all contributed to 
 make this collection of 
 class papers exceedingly 
 satisfactory to the ex¬ 
 aminer, and most credit¬ 
 able to all concerned in 
 their preparation. An¬ 
 swers to questions in 
 literary reading and the 
 illustrated work on the 
 natural sciences were par¬ 
 ticularly suggestive and 
 worthy of imitation. In 
 the list for the senior 
 class, note the union of 
 solidity and refinement, 
 the combination of re¬ 
 ligion and citizenship. 
 
 The commercial class 
 recei ved a most practical 
 training, as was proved 
 by the seventeen volumes 
 of examination papers in 
 Christian Doctrine, gram¬ 
 mar, civil government, 
 book-keeping, rhetoric, 
 mensuration, commercial 
 correspondence and type¬ 
 writing ; ornamental pen¬ 
 manship, examination in 
 orthography. 
 
 In addition to the 
 above was a miscellane¬ 
 ous display as follows :— 
 Two volumes of photo¬ 
 graphic views, showing 
 building, classes and pu¬ 
 pils: one photograph of 
 students, one relief map 
 of Tennessee, forty cray¬ 
 on drawings, one hun¬ 
 dred and fifty mechanical 
 and architectural drawings, one show-case containing the following 
 articles: One volume, work of Rev. R. P. Petro Wautier, S. J., printed 
 in 1633. One volume Bible for the blind, one volume abridgment of the 
 Christian Doctrine, in the Sioux (Dakota) language, by Mgr. Ravoux, of 
 St. Paul, Minn.; type-setting and printing was also done by the author 
 in 1S46. One volume Syntagma Juris Vniversi, printed in 1609. One 
 volume Imitation of Christ, printed in 1699. One volume, polyglot 
 edition, Imitation of Christ in eight languages. One volume, work on 
 
 (exterior op alcove no. 43.) 
 
climates of the United States and Canada, by C. F. Volney, 1803. One 
 volume: Paradisus Aniime Christiana 1 , printed in 1675. One volume 
 Annulus Memorialis, printed in 1694. One Bible in Latin and German, 
 with annotations, in Latin, Hebrew and Greek, printed in 1751. One 
 volume Trubner’s literature of aboriginal American languages. One vol¬ 
 ume, containing prayers of St. Nersetis, printed in thirty-six languages 
 from the Island of St. Laxanrus ; gift of George Arnold, Jr., to Brother 
 Maurelian, president of the Christian Brothers’ College, Memphis, Term. 
 One case of imitation precious stones, imported from Europe and used 
 for class instruction. (Consult our illustration of alcove 77 for the 
 objects mentioned above.) 
 
 When passing through the main aisle of Brother Maurelian’s depart- 
 
 tured Cotton, Miss Liengfield ; Corn Panel, Miss M. L. Ashe j Corn Panel, 
 Mrs. E. M. Brown; “Good Luck” (old Negro woman in rags), Miss 
 Madge Rogers; “Contentment” (Negro boy eating apples), Miss Annie 
 Rhea; Portrait of Col. J. B. Ashe (in Continental uniform), Miss Ashe; 
 Vase of Chrysanthemums, Miss M. L. Ashe; Vase of Magnolias, Miss 
 Annie Rhea; Wine and Grapes, Miss Minnie Brown; Panel Cotton 
 Growing. Miss M. L. Ashe; panel “A Yard of Tennessee Cloth,” Mrs. M. 
 Chandler. (All the above in pastel.) “ Head of a Young Girl,” etching 
 on silk, Miss A. A. Ashe; “ Head of an Old Woman,” from life, Miss M. 
 L. Ashe; “Basket of Grapes,” Mrs. Hunt; “Flowers,” Miss Hunt; 
 “ Watermelon ” (oil), Mrs. N. Chandler; one landscape,Miss A. A. Ashe ; 
 “A Study in Pink” (oil), M. L. Ashe; “ Aunt Rachel,” M. L. Ashe. 
 
 
 
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 ■ LifjS 
 
 
 
 
 E53 
 
 1 f 
 
 
 i x&tb. 
 
 __ -r 1 ;"*”Y 1 
 '*'.1 I 
 
 EXHIBITS OF SISTERS OF MERCY, GRASS VALLEY AND EUREKA, DIOCESE OF SACRAMENTO; ST. BERNARD’S ACADEMY, ST. JOSEPH’S AND ST. PATRICK’S 
 
 SCHOOLS, NASHVILLE. (ALCOVE NO. 59.) f 
 
 ment of the educational exhibit, either in a northerly or southerly direc¬ 
 tion, the visitor was attracted by the many beautiful objects appearing 
 on the outside wall of some of the booths. Among these, much attention 
 was given the collection of pictures shown in our illustration of the ex¬ 
 terior of alcove 43. This group came from the Ashe Art School of Mem¬ 
 phis, Tenn., where pupils are taught under the direction of Miss M. L. 
 Ashe, who is the principal. The subjects portrayed were of a local 
 character, hence the pictures, aside from their artistic merit, even, were 
 interesting to persons unacquainted with the southern scenery and eli¬ 
 cited many kindly comments. The subjects were as followsCotton 
 Panel, Blooms, Balls and Matured Cotton, Miss Annie Rhea; Cotton 
 Panel with Matured Cotton, Mrs. E. M. Brown; Cotton Panel with Ma- 
 
 The space allotted the Chicago Catholic schools was much too lim¬ 
 ited ; all the exhibits were crowded and two of them, that of Our 
 Lady’s Institute, Longwood, Ill., and that of the Holy Angels’ School of 
 Chicago were accorded, through the kindly courtesy of Brother Maure¬ 
 lian, space among the displays of the general exhibit. 
 
 Our illustration of alcove 58 presents the greater part of the exhibit 
 from the Institute’ of Our Lady, and the representation of alcove. 56 
 shows the exhibits from the Holy Angels’ School. Both these displays 
 have been commented upon, with the other Chicago exhibits ; we will 
 now dwell upon the display made by the pupils of St. Patrick’s School, 
 Memphis, Tenn., which also appeared in alcove 56. 
 
 St. Patrick’s School, in charge of the Sisters of Charity, (Nazareth, 
 
 149 
 
Ky.,)macle the following extensive and admirable exhibit: Ten volumes 
 of Christian Doctrine, orthography, arithmetic, geography, Bible History, 
 grammar, United States history, algebra, ancient history, rhetoric, litera¬ 
 ture, civil government, geometry, mythology, map drawing, three oil 
 paintings, crayon drawings (figures and ornaments). 
 
 The papers constituting the above collection of bound volumes 
 ranked high in all desirable features. Each branch of study was pre¬ 
 sented in accordance with the best methods, and the various papers gave 
 tokens of the thorough knowledge and the well trained faculties in pos¬ 
 session of those who prepared them. 
 
 The beautifully drawn maps were a promise of excellent papers on 
 geography and history, a promise well fulfilled. The grammar, rhetoric 
 and literature papers were a guarantee that compositions, letters and 
 conversations were intelligent, thoughtful and correct. The properly 
 stated problems in arithmetic and algebra, and the well demonstrated 
 theorems in geometry, gave evidence of carefully trained reasoning 
 faculties. 
 
 That the Christian Doctrine was well treated is a matter of course ; 
 that being first, highest and best, in the mind of all religious teachers 
 and of their pupils, it draws down upon the other studies the light of the 
 Eternal Spirit, which smoothes away difficulties otherwise insuperable. 
 We have not a doubt that much of the brilliant success attained by the 
 various displays had its origin in unfailing fidelity to the acquirement 
 of a thorough knowledge of Christian Doctrine. 
 
 In alcove 59 appeared the exhibits of one academy and two parish 
 schools of Nashville, Tenn., and two academic displays from the Dio¬ 
 cese of Sacramento, California, all prepared under the direction of the 
 Sisters of Mercy. 
 
 St. Bernard’s Academy, Nashville, Tenn., was represented by two 
 volumes of Christian Doctrine, orthography, United States history, 
 mensuration, grammar, natural philosophy, biography, book-keeping 
 and rhetoric. The Christian Doctrine was presented in very attractive 
 manner. The method used in teaching orthography could not fail to 
 make not only good spellers but composers careful in choice of words. 
 Natural philosophy was preserved from being a dry abstraction by the 
 practical application of its principles. History was made doubly inter¬ 
 esting and useful, by the special study of biography. 
 
 St. Joseph’s School, Nashville, Tenn., contributed to this display 
 seven volumes: Christian Doctrine, orthography, grammar, arithmetic, 
 geography, algebra, modern history, Bible History and penmanship, 
 and St. Patrick’s School presented forty-nine albums of spelling, gram¬ 
 mar, geography, catechism, arithmetic, history, letter writing, map 
 drawing and algebra. 
 
 Grammar, so difficult to make interesting, was in this case attractive 
 to the reader, and must have been pleasing to those who prepared it. 
 Arithmetic and algebra were made a discipline not only for the intel¬ 
 lect but for the taste and the sense of order and regularity. Letter 
 writing had been a specialty, evidently, and the specimens showed the 
 pupils to be in possession of an ability that will be a never-failing 
 benefit in their future lives. To be able to write a correct and pleasing 
 letter is no small attainment. Each of the papers presented had praise¬ 
 worthy features. 
 
 '©iocese of gacramento, gal. 
 
 The Diocese of Sacramento had no special exhibit, hence the work 
 of the Sisters of Mercy and of the Christian Brothers, the only teachers 
 in the diocese who prepared any, appeared, the former in alcove 59, and 
 the latter with the collective exhibit of the Brotherhood. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Convent, Eureka, California, made, as will be seen by 
 referring to our illustration, a very pretty wall display which comprised 
 eight small wall maps, one historical map, one model drawing, one 
 crayon drawing, one painting (a few traces from MSS. of the Ancient 
 Abbey of Cluney, France, founded A. D. 810, by St. Bruno and 
 finally destroyed by the French Revolution. These MSS. were wrought 
 by the hands of monks who were probably contemporaries of Colum¬ 
 bus) and two framed maps. The small maps are at the left of the 
 alcove, near the front; the painting is on the right hand wall ; the his¬ 
 torical chart or map here referred to is the large framed piece at the 
 
 head of the alcove and gives a brief history of Mother Catherine McAu- 
 ley’s life and labors. 
 
 Mt. St. Mary’s Academy, Grass Valley, California, Diocese of Sacra¬ 
 mento, made the following exhibit, viz.: —Thirty-eight albums of Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, grammar, United States history, orthography, geogra¬ 
 phy, spelling, book-keeping, compositions, algebra, general history, vocal 
 music, freehand drawing, map drawing, oil painting, photographs, 
 pastels, fancy hair-work, embroidered scarfs and specimens of botany- 
 The facts of geography and history were particularly attractive, as stated 
 and arranged by St. Mary’s pupils, while their orthography, penman¬ 
 ship and composition were all that could be desired by the most exact¬ 
 ing teacher. Arithmetic, book-keeping and algebra showed that young 
 ladies are as capable of considerable mathematical drill as their brothers. 
 Specimens of freehand drawing and of map drawing, executed with 
 much skill, appeared on the walls of the alcove. At the right, notice, in 
 our illustration, the oil paintings, and on each side of the head of the 
 alcove are the two pastels; between them, hung the large piece of hair- 
 work representing a harp. All the fancy work on the right wall and 
 table was contributed by St. Mary’s; very pretty, tasteful and rich, 
 each object showed a skillful use of the needle that is not the least 
 important of a young lady’s attainments. 
 
 St. Patrick’s Orphan Asylum, Grass Valley, Cal., Diocese of Sacra¬ 
 mento, presented one volume of spelling, arithmetic, letter writing, 
 object drawing, photographs, The letters were models, and the object 
 drawing very promising. The spelling was perfect and the arithmetic 
 admirably presented. 
 
 The contents of alcove 59, reflected additional honor on the Sisters 
 of Mercy as successful teachers, and detracted, in no degree whatever, 
 from the credit gained by them in various exhibits already described. 
 
 IRt. IRev. Sebastian JS^tne. 
 
 In connection with the exhibits from Nashville, we give a portrait of Rt. 
 Rev. Sebastian Byrne who, though he had not a diocesan display, took a most 
 active interest in the Catholic Educational Exhibit, and, as Bishop Rademacher’s 
 successor,furthered, with earnestness and energy, the plans of his predecessor in 
 behalf of the successful issue of Brother Maurelian’s great undertaking 
 
 RT. REV. SEBASTIAN BYRNE, D.D. 
 
 ISO 
 
Xlje s^Kl^cliocege o! ©ubuque. 
 
 Of Irish birth, John Hennessy was inspired with Irish zeal, and in his eyes 
 no destiny could be higher than to aid in keeping fresh in the hearts of mankind 
 the faith of his forefathers ; that was his vocation, that the sacred call of God. 
 In response to the voice of the Most High, Father Hennessy began his mis¬ 
 sionary labors in the Diocese of St. Louis, in 1830. He was soon after appointed 
 pastor of the church of St. John the Baptist in New Madrid, and, some years 
 later, of St. Peter's, in Gravois, Mo. As professor of dogmatic theology and Holy 
 Scripture, he did excellent work at the theological seminary at Carondelet and, 
 in 1857, he became president of the institution, being by learning and experience 
 admirably fitted for the position, as the flourishing affairs of the seminary sub¬ 
 sequently proved. Devoted to his duties, and of that quiet, reserved nature 
 which is never distracted from the matter in hand, his efforts were followed by a 
 notable success. 
 
 When his term of office had expired at the seminary, he was called to the 
 cathedral of St. Louis, and labored there until some time before the close of the 
 Civil War when he was appointed pastor of St. Joseph's Church in the city of St. 
 Joseph which became, shortly after, an episcopal city; but in the meantime, 
 Father Hennessy had been elected Bishop of Dubuque, and was consecrated on 
 September 30th, in 1866. His diocese, comprising as it did at that time the 
 whole state of Iowa, was a very important field, rapidly increasing the number 
 of its Catholic population, which then exceeded one hundred thousand souls; 
 the churches numbered seventy-nine and the priests sixty. 
 
 One of the earliest of his charitable deeds was the founding of the Mercy 
 
 MOST REV. JOHN HENNESSY, O.T). 
 
 Hospital at Davenport. It had been one of his most ardent wishes to establish 
 a college, but it was not until 1873 that he had an opportunity to gratify that 
 desire, then St. Joseph's College was opened in Dubuque and has proved emi¬ 
 nently successful. 
 
 In the same year, St. Malachy's Priory was founded at Creston, in Union Co. 
 by Father Augustine Burns, of the ancient order of St. Benedict. This was the 
 first English speaking Benedictine Community in the United States. In the 
 year 1881, the southern part of the state was erected into the Diocese of Daven¬ 
 port ; thus the Diocese of Dubuque was greatly reduced in size, but in popula¬ 
 tion it was more than equal to its original importance. 
 
 The beautiful Cathedral of St. Raphael was constructed in 1884, and twenty- 
 six churches added to the number already in the diocese; other notable diocesan 
 improvements were the establishment of the Marine and the Mercy Hospitals, 
 the erection of an orphan asylum for children of German parentage; the intro¬ 
 duction of the Visitation and Presentation Nuns, also the Franciscan Sisters. 
 
 Bishop Hennessy was one of the Fathers of the Third Plenary Council of 
 Baltimore in 1884, and in 1893, he was elevated to the archiepiscopacy. The 
 Archdiocese of Dubuque boasts two hundred and fifteen priests, two hundred 
 
 and fifty churches, ninety chapels, one seminary, one college, eight academies, 
 two orphanages, three hospitals, one asylum, and one hundred parochial schools 
 with an attendance of thirteen thousand pupils. 
 
 I n 1833, the city of Dubuque had its birthday. The Catholics of 
 the town, and the region about it, were visited by Father McMahon 
 in 1834, and by Father P. Fitzmaurice in 1835, hut it was one in the 
 white robe of St. Dominic that made the first permanent abode for 
 religion, and that was Rev. Samuel Mazzuchelli who, in 1836, built St. 
 Raphael’s Church destined to give way to a cathedral of which no one 
 even dreamed at that time. The zealous and saintly Dominican acted 
 as missionary, architect and collector, rejoiced to give all his own 
 means towards the expense of the structure; the balance, which 
 amounted to five thousand dollars, was contributed by the handful of 
 Catholics in the immediate vicinity aided by Father Mazzuchelli’s 
 generosity. 
 
 When Anthony Leclaire, a devout Catholic, founded Davenport in 
 1836, the learned and active Dominican was again ready, with his help¬ 
 ful abilities, mental and material, and laid the cornerstone of St. 
 Anthony’s Church, a modest structure formed of the first bricks made 
 in the locality. All the vast region from Missouri northward to Min¬ 
 nesota, was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of St. Louis, but in 
 1837, when the Council met at Baltimore, he proposed that the diocese 
 be diminished; this was done by erecting the Diocese of Dubuque. 
 Rt. Rev. Mathew Loras, a native of Lyons, France, and for a long 
 period a faithful laborer in the Diocese of Mobile, was chosen the first 
 Bishop of Dubuque. He took possession of his See, on April 21st, 
 1839, entering his cathedral, St'. Raphael’s Church, in company with 
 Rev. Father Mazzuchelli, and two French gentlemen, who had accom¬ 
 panied him from France. 
 
 Under the impulse that an energetic head always gives to things, 
 the diocese seemed to wake up and take on a new form; churches 
 sprung up on every side, in the various towns, whether large or small; 
 academies opened their doors to the youth of the state, and day schools 
 were established wherever it was practicable. With the foresight of 
 enlightened piety and prudence, the Bishop secured, in various parts 
 of the state, the lands that might prove needful for charitable and edu¬ 
 cational purposes, and in time there arose convents and academies, 
 where so recently there had been a wilderness. In 1849, a community 
 of Trappist monks -established themselves in the diocese, and a New 
 Melleray arose in the midst of the farm-homes of that part of Iowa, a 
 few miles from Dubuque; a church served by Trappist priests accom¬ 
 modated the neighboring Catholics and, in time, a free school was 
 opened. 
 
 Bishop Loras was wearing himself out with the activity of an 
 ardent mind and the friction of a zeal that could never be satisfied with 
 what it had accomplished. Having lived to see his new cathedral 
 finished and dedicated, he felt that not much longer would he be able 
 to labor among the people who loved him so sincerely, hence he asked 
 for a coadjutor and received, for his assistant in his important duties, 
 the Rt. Rev. Clement Smyth, founder and prior of the Trappist monas¬ 
 tery of New Melleray. 
 
 The venerable Bishop Loras died of paralysis, Feb. 18th, 1858; 
 thus he closed twenty years of unselfish, unwearied effort for the 
 immortal happiness of others, and left after him a most enviable 
 record of a well-spent life. 
 
 Bishop Smyth, taken from his beloved solitude and from the severe 
 routine of his monastery, found honors far more tedious than mortifica¬ 
 tions, and the prayer and labor of the monastery far less burdensome 
 than the responsibilities of a bishop. An extremely kind-hearted man 
 was Bishop Smyth; to relieve the poor and to afford shelter for the 
 orphan was his dearest delight, and to such offices did he devote him¬ 
 self. In 1866 Bishop Smyth died, profoundly lamented by all who 
 knew him. 
 
 This brings us to the consecration of Rt. Rev. John Hennessy of 
 whose life as Bishop of Dubuque we have already told. 
 
 At the present time, 1895, the Archdiocese of Dubuque has two 
 hundred and nine churches and two hundred and thirty-two priests. 
 
 1B1 
 
There are twelve thousand children attending the parochial schools, in 
 charge of Sisters of Mercy, of Charity, of the Visitation, of the Presenta¬ 
 tion, of St. Francis, P. A., and of Christian Charity. The diocesan 
 exhibit from Dubuque, Iowa, was in charge of Rev. M. A. Cooney, 
 president of St. Joseph’s College, and Rev. R. Slattery, who had been 
 appointed by His Grace as Actuary for the Diocesan Committee. 
 
 On entering the alcoves (35 and 37) where this exhibit appeared, 
 the first object to meet and to hold the eye, was an excellent portrait 
 of AfHibishop Ilennessv, the contribution of some devoted convent 
 
 pupil- 
 
 St. Joseph’s College, in charge of secular priests, contributed three 
 volumes, the contents of which were as follows: Trigonometry, algebra 
 
 teachers. History, which affords the enemies of religion so many 
 weapons, was properly treated, and the students were evidently masters 
 of all disputed points. The Latin class work was fully up to what would 
 be expected from a college for ecclesiastical students. 
 
 The Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, a community 
 founded in 1833, by Very Rev. T. J. Donohoe, V. G., has grown, as it 
 were, with the diocese, and advanced with it, step by step. 
 
 This Sisterhood presented exhibits from three schools in this city, 
 and from several in other parts of the diocese. St. Joseph’s Academy 
 (Dubuque) contributed four volumes of Christian Doctrine, map draw¬ 
 ing, geography, geology, drawing, relief exercises, word building and 
 orthography. 
 
 EXHIRITS OF FTFTY FOUR IXSTTTUTrOXS FROM THE ARCHDIOCESE OF DUBUQUE. (ALCOVES XO. 35 AND 37.) 
 
 book-keeping, arithmetic, mental and moral philosophy, Shakespeare 
 and English literature, English grammar, ancient and modern history, 
 Latin and ancient geography. 
 
 The papers on mathematics were equal to the best in the exhibit at 
 large; the demonstrations clearly expressed and the operations orderly 
 in arrangement. The book-keeping showed good penmanship and 
 business-like habits. Mental and moral philosophy, so important in 
 their bearing on the higher life of the soul, were ably handled ; their 
 •teachings were presented in a clear, forcible style that bore weight, and 
 was at once persuasive and convincing. The papers on Shakespeare 
 and on English literature were especially interesting, and the very man¬ 
 ner in which the subjects were presented showed the refining influence 
 of such studies when pursued under the wise guidance of religious 
 
 St. Mary’s Parochial School prepared three volumes of arithmetic, 
 spelling, geography, letter writing, map drawing and language. St. 
 Raphael’s Parochial School sent four volumes of compositions of draw¬ 
 ings, of exercises in music and of papers on Christian Doctrine, cate¬ 
 chism and geography. 
 
 The work from diocesan schools outside of Dubuque and in charge 
 of these Sisters, were as follows: From the Sacred Heart Academy, 
 Ackley, seven volumes of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, spelling, dicta¬ 
 tion, modern and United States history, physiology and geometry, also 
 specimens of drawing, of map drawing and of kindergarten work; from 
 St. Mary’s School, Clinton, six volumes of Christian Doctrine, geometry, 
 arithmetic, rhetoric, ancient history, also specimens of composition, 
 map drawing, mechanical drawing and kindergarten work. In addition 
 
 182 
 
to these volumes, there, were three albums of paper-folding, one album 
 of map drawing and one volume of book-keeping; from St. Martin’s 
 School, Cascade, two volumes of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geogra¬ 
 phy, epistolary correspondence, physiology, United States history and 
 language, also specimens of penmanship; from St. Mary’s School, Sioux 
 City, a collection of photographs of school buildings, class room studio, 
 chemical apparatus and pupils. From St. James School, LeMars, one 
 volume of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, grammar, spell¬ 
 ing, reading and map drawing; from St. Mary’s School, McCregor, two 
 mounted charts, grammar, geography, map drawing, physiology, his¬ 
 tory. and drawing; from Our Lady of Angels’ Seminary, Lyons, two 
 volumes: Christian Doctrine, astronomy, geometry, chemistry, geology, 
 algebra, physiology, botany, music, philosophy, peacock worked on silk, 
 and celluloid painting; two small panels in pastel; one large picture of 
 the Nativity in crayon; one picture of the Infant Redeemer in silk, 
 framed; one large pastel painting of two angels’ heads ; one oil painting 
 scene on the Rhine. 
 
 Those who have read our comments on the school work of the Sis¬ 
 ters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, as exhibited in the Chicago 
 department, will be prepared for expressions of satisfaction and admira¬ 
 tion, since it. is the congregation, not the individual, that secures success 
 and enjoys the glory thereof, in religious life and labor. 
 
 Having won high commendation in one diocese, the same religious 
 congregation, or order, is sure to win similar encomiums in another, 
 where it may be laboring in the persons of some of its members. Du¬ 
 buque being the cradle of this community of Sisters, its diocesan exhibit 
 was sure to receive the honor of their best work. 
 
 Of the three volumes contributed by St. Joseph’s Academy of Du¬ 
 buque, the first was prettily dedicated to the parents of the pupils 
 whose written work constituted its contents. The authors of this big 
 book were the wee folks of the kindergarten department and of the 
 primary grades. Their papers illustrated the Spencerian system of pen¬ 
 manship and the Pollard or Synthetic method of reading. The diacrit¬ 
 ical marks were as correctly placed, by these small students, in spell¬ 
 ing such words as they knew, as could have been done by a dignified 
 graduate. The volume was remarkable for its neatness and order, so 
 difficult to secure from excited little ones, especially when desirous of 
 doing something extremely well. 
 
 The exercises of the intermediate department were bound together 
 in a volume dedicated to Very Rev. R. Ryan, V. Ct. This collection of 
 papers manifested the methods of the teachers, as well as the acquire¬ 
 ments of the pupils, and both were excellent. Illustrations drawn in 
 accordance with the Krusi method brightened the pages of Christian 
 Doctrine, history and composition, and made the subjects clearer. 
 
 The highest in rank and value was, of course, the volume containing 
 the academic course. Algebra and trigonometry, with their beautiful 
 demonstrations of problems and theorems, were suitably illustrated 
 with pen drawings, as were also the well written papers on history, 
 geography and biography. 
 
 A variety of maps, elegantly drawn and intelligently designed, 
 illustrated the principles of astronomy and geology ; another collection 
 showed the isothermal lines, the political divisions of the earth’s surface, 
 the distribution of vegetation and of animals. Every biographical 
 sketch or composition, as well as every lesson in history was illustrated. 
 One composition that had “ Copper ” for its subject was accompanied 
 by a drawing of a copper mine; another on “ Country Stores ” presented 
 a picture on the interior and exterior of the shop in question. The 
 volume containing this work was as interesting as a story book. 
 
 A relief map that was made by one of the classes to assist them in 
 learning physical geography, may be seen in the illustration of alcoves 
 35 and 37. It was remarkably well executed, and suited admirably 
 the purpose for which it was constructed; various degrees of shading 
 indicating the fertility of the soil, the comparative height of mountains, 
 and other physical conditions. A book of charcoal drawings contained 
 specimens of great taste and showed much talent. 
 
 The exhibit from St. Mary’s, in Clinton, merits special attention. 
 Not only did the work show careful and patient training on the part of 
 the-Sisters in charge of the school, but it showed an aptness on the 
 part of the pupils that must have been gratifying to all. The exhibit 
 had-been classified and handsomely bound into several large volumes, 
 and one of its pleasing features worthy of mention was the cleanliness 
 of the work throughout, despite the fact that it had been subject to 
 
 much handling while in course of preparation. A careful review of 
 the several hundred pages embraced in the exhibit failed to disclose a 
 blot or blemish, which fact seemed the more remarkable when it is 
 taken into consideration that a considerable portion of the exhibit was 
 the work of children between the ages of eight and ten years. 
 
 The work of the primarv department comprised pictures, lessons, 
 sentences, spelling and definitions, catechism, language, picture study, 
 color lessons, writing and language lessons. In this exhibit much taste 
 and good judgment was displayed in the arrangement of the picture 
 and color lessons, while the writing, though bearing unmistakable evi¬ 
 dence of child work, had a uniformity in attempt at carefulness which 
 was pleasing and noteworthy. The unsoiled pages not only added 
 much to the attractiveness of the work of this department, but showed 
 conclusively that the rules of cleanliness had been carefully followed. 
 
 Much could be said in detail concerning the double entry book¬ 
 keeping, the many beautiful wall maps, large and small, the examina¬ 
 tion papers of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth grades in history, 
 geography, arithmetic, Bible History, etc., with the beautiful and 
 artistic title pages; but space forbids going into .too great detail where 
 so many institutions are to be considered. Further notice will be 
 limited to a large-sized volume containing some two hundred pages 
 which was given up exclusively to miscellaneous matters. The volume 
 had handsomely designed title pages. The work comprised biographi¬ 
 cal sketches of the presidents of the United States and American 
 authors, compositions, artistic pen work, drawings, and many other in¬ 
 teresting features. Much of the work was delicately executed with 
 colored inks, adding pleasingly to its attractiveness and making it a 
 work of art highly’- flattering to the skill of the pupils. 
 
 Not only was the exhibit a credit to the teachers and pupils of St. 
 Mary’s school, but it was a credit to the city of Clinton and the educa¬ 
 tional advancement of the great state of Iowa, which the work so ably 
 represented. 
 
 The work of the various parochial schools in charge of this Sister¬ 
 hood bore the impress of their ability and acquirements as teachers, 
 and left nothing to be desired. 
 
 The exhibits contributed by the Presentation Sisters were as 
 follows: From the Presentation Convent. Dubuque, three volumes of 
 Christian Doctrine, grammar, map drawing, letter writing, spelling, 
 arithmetic, kindergarten work, natural science; book-keeping, stenogra¬ 
 phy and typewriting; Sacred Heart School, Dubuque, two volumes of 
 drawing, history, book-keeping, Christian Doctrine, map drawing and 
 grammar; St. Joseph’s School, Farley, one-volume of algebra, arithme¬ 
 tic, book-keeping, history, geography, civil government, United States 
 history, physiology and spelling; Sacred Heart Convent, Waukon, two 
 volumes of arithmetic, geometry, algebra, book-keeping, grammar, 
 geography, literature, history and drawing; St. Joseph’s School, Key 
 West, which sent one volume of arithmetic, geography, grammar, his¬ 
 tory and Christian Doctrine. 
 
 The Presentation Sisters originated in Ireland, and old country 
 methods of thoroughness and precision, in the preparation of tasks, are 
 traditional with them. Certainly these characteristics marked the 
 work displayed by them in the above exhibits, and impressed most 
 favorably those who examined it. 
 
 From the Visitation Academy, in charge of the Sisters of the Visita¬ 
 tion, Dubuque, came fourteen pictures, six pieces of plain sewing, ten 
 maps, four volumes: Christian Doctrine-,- arithmetic, literature, physi¬ 
 ology and rhetoric. The class exercises were excellent in every particu¬ 
 lar; the pictures graced the walls of* alcoves 35 and 37 and may be 
 readily recognized in the illustration, as-but few wall pieces, aside from 
 these, were contributed. The name- of “Visitation Sisters” is always 
 associated, in our mind, with the fame of the Visitation Academy, 
 Georgetown, D. C., which is the alma mater of some of America’s most 
 distinguished daughters. 
 
 The Franciscan Sisters, a German community having their Mother 
 House in the suburbs of Dubuque, took part in the diocesan display, 
 and sent work from one academy and several parochial schools, as 
 here mentioned :—St. Francis’ Academy, Mason City, two maps of the 
 United States, large, framed pieces, executed in relief, and hung on the 
 left wall of the alcove (see illustration) ; St. Mary’s School, Alton, la., 
 one volume of arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, language, penmanship, 
 history, book-keeping, letter writing and music; St. Patrick’s School, 
 Clinton, one volume of Christian Doctrine, letter writing, arithmetic, 
 
 153 
 
photographs, dictations, geography and grammar; Sacred Heart School, 
 Dubuque, ten volumes of Christian Doctrine, history, geography, arith¬ 
 metic, compositions, penmanship, grammar and catechism ; St. Francis 
 Xavier’s School, Dyersville, four volumes of kindergarten work, Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, geography, United States history and map drawing; 
 knitted scarf, paper mat and crochet tidy; St. Mary’s School, Remsen, 
 one volume Bible History, Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, kindergarten 
 work and German exercises; St. Mary’s German School, Dubuque, 
 twelve volumes kindergarten work, geography, grammar, Christian 
 Doctrine, orthography, compositions, map drawing, mechanical draw¬ 
 ing, translations, letter writing. 
 
 The Parochial School at Granville sent two charts of kindergarten 
 work, and papers on Christian Doctrine, orthography, geography and 
 map drawing. St. Mary’s, Stacyville, one volume compositions, arith¬ 
 metic, grammar, hygiene, geography; the Parochial School at Rock 
 Valley, twenty-five albums of arithmetic, geography, history, physiol¬ 
 ogy and composition. 
 
 German pupils are almost invariably good penmen, even when 
 writing our language rather than their own, hence the appearance 
 of their papers was always attractive, and the above were particularly 
 so; indeed the entire exhibit was instructive, interesting and creditable, 
 showing honest effort on both sides, and the consequent success of the 
 pupils. 
 
 The Sisters of Mercy meet us here, as in almost every diocesan ex¬ 
 hibit, and here, as elsewhere, their pupils’ work is stamped with the 
 characteristic traits that we have learned to recognize. A certain 
 pretty way of doing the work, a union of the useful and the beautiful is 
 always noticeable. 
 
 We found their contributions to be work from: St. Joseph’s Acad¬ 
 emy, De Witt, one volume of astronomy, geography, geometry, phy¬ 
 sical geography, grammar and Church History; St. Joseph’s Acad¬ 
 emy, Cedar Rapids, seven volumes of drawing, Christian Doctrine, 
 geography, United States history, catechism, language, arithmetic 
 and kindergarten work; one table cover (white silk and gold span¬ 
 gles); kindergarten work; Immaculate Conception Academy, Decorah, 
 one volume of map drawing, spelling, mechanical drawing, kinder¬ 
 garten work, geography, map drawing, book-keeping, Christian Doc¬ 
 trine and arithmetic; Our Lady of Lourdes’ School, Ft. Dodge, two 
 volumes of arithmetic, grammar, Christian Doctrine, astronomy, geog¬ 
 raphy and map drawing; St. Xavier’s School, Manchester, one vol¬ 
 ume of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, map and mechanical 
 drawing and letter writing. 
 
 Comments are needless, we have made them on so many exhibits 
 prepared under the direction of the Sisters of Mercy that there re¬ 
 mains nothing new to be stated that would be sufficiently kind. The 
 display from Cedar Rapids, since the Mother House is located there, 
 may be taken as a type. Each of the branch schools sent a volume of 
 excellent papers on primary and grammar grade studies. Beside these 
 admirable books, there were five volumes from St. Joseph’s Academy, 
 referred to above as the Mother House. These collections of written 
 work comprised the branches of the full academic course. Drawings 
 illustrated all the practical work in mathematics and physics. The 
 various topics in geography and history were supplemented with maps 
 drawn in colored inks. In history these maps were numerous, because 
 each pupil discussed a distinct historical question, or subject, and illus¬ 
 trated it with a map. On these maps, small colored flags indicated the 
 sites of battles and of victories. 
 
 Two volumes of kindergarten work and a wall display of the same 
 made an excellent showing. An additional volume contained pen- 
 portraits of men famous in civil, literary and religious circles. The 
 frontispiece of this book was a delicate compliment to His Grace, the 
 Archbishop of Dubuque, whose portrait, in pen-work, it presented. 
 
 A handsome specimen of needle-work was a table-spread of cream- 
 tinted art sateen, upon which an elaborate border of scrolls and of corn¬ 
 ucopias, filled with flowers, was embroidered in silk, gold bullion and 
 gilt spangles, fastened with iridescent beads. 
 
 Among the art specimens from the Mercy School in De Witt, was 
 one representing a corner in a beautiful music room, and displaying 
 the musical instruments. This school also exhibited a -volume of 
 drawings that were not only pretty and skillful, but interesting because 
 the contents of the volume were arranged to show the gradation of 
 the method of teaching object drawing as pursued in this institution. 
 
 The Mercy Sisters’ Academy in Decorah, already mentioned, merits 
 special notice. Four departments were represented by the work, the 
 primary, intermediate, grammar" grades and the graduate class. 
 The Christian Doctrine papers dwelt upon the Principal Mysteries 
 and the Commandments. The advanced classes discussed subjects 
 from the Old and the New Testament. The kindergarten work con¬ 
 sisted of paper folding and had accomplished well all that it is intended 
 for in the training of the child to neatness and order, also a knowledge 
 of color. In arithmetic, the primary classes illustrated the Grube 
 method of numbers. The primary geography consisted of quaint 
 drawings of the schoolroom and its surroundings. The reading and 
 spelling were in accordance with the Synthetic system. 
 
 The intermediate work was admirably graded and just as admirably 
 executed; the work in arithmetic and the papers on grammar and 
 geography were models for pupils of that age and grade. 
 
 The maps drawn by the grammar grades were not only samples of 
 pretty work, but were made useful in the course of the geography and 
 history lessons. When the subject in geography required it, maps 
 of townships and of counties were given as drawn by the pupils from 
 memory. The compositions were descriptive and the letters were of 
 the friendship style. The problems in measurement were all illus¬ 
 trated with drawings. 
 
 The exhibits'of the grammar department were admirably graded 
 and carefully prepared. The arithmetic which showed problems in 
 percentage and interest was methodical and accurate; the grammar 
 class presented formal and informal letters and notes, also letters of 
 friendship ; their geography papers were models, the descriptions being 
 prettily enlivened by maps of the grand divisions, both political and 
 physical, also of the various groups of our states and of the principal 
 European countries. 
 
 Phvsiology was treated of in a most practical manner, and the 
 papers' on anatomy were illustrated with drawings of the heart, lungs 
 and brain. The United States history sketches were accompanied by 
 maps indicating the routes of navigators, and presenting the various 
 colonial possessions. The most important campaigns of the Revolution 
 and of the Civil War were shown in well drawn maps. 
 
 The graduating class presented most excellent work in algebra, 
 simple, quadratic and cubical equations being solved with statements 
 and demonstrations portraying a picture of method and beautiful 
 arrangement. Sturm’s theorem was demonstrated and Horner’s 
 method illustrated with utmost accuracy and in elegant figuring. 
 
 The facts of ancient and modern history were presented in elegant 
 literary style and accompanied by maps of celebrated localities, also 
 plans of famous cities; the best piece of work, in this connection, was 
 the map of the routes of Hannibal in the Punic Wars. 
 
 Light was treated of in the papers on physics and was illustrated 
 with drawings of the various kinds of lenses. In treating of astro¬ 
 nomical subjects, the eclipses were illustrated with drawings of 
 superior skill in shading. 
 
 American literature was gracefully and intelligently described and 
 quoted. The commercial department presented some excellent speci¬ 
 mens of business forms and of book-keeping entries. 
 
 All the grades presented specimens of drawing, the primary draw¬ 
 ing lines in various positions and combining them into forms of 
 familiar objects bounded by the straight line. The grammar grades 
 gave some fine samples of shading. The senior classes had produced 
 sketches of the human form, and pictures containing human figures 
 and animals; of these the best were “The Newfoundland and the 
 Arabian Steed” and “The Temperance Party.” There were also several 
 fine fruit pieces and a number of very pretty flower pieces in water 
 color. 
 
 This exhibit, which even the reader, much less the writer, must 
 admit was of a high grade of excellence, may be taken as a type of the 
 displays prepared by pupils of the Sisters of Mercy for this diocesan 
 exhibit. 
 
 The greater number of schools that contributed to the diocesan dis¬ 
 play were in charge of the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration 
 whose Mother House is in La Crosse. These schools and their exhibits 
 were as follows: 
 
 St. Francis’ School, Balltown, two volumes: Christian Doctrine, 
 geography, language, German, grammar, arithmetic and drawing; St. 
 Joseph’s School, Bellevue, two volumes: Christian Doctrine, arith- 
 
metic, United States history, compositions, letter writing, grammar, 
 hygiene, business forms and physiology; St. Bernard’s School, Breda, 
 One volume map drawing; two volumes: Christian Doctrine, Bible 
 History, arithmetic, language, grammar, dictation, translations, phono¬ 
 graphy, compositions, physiology, United States history, geography and 
 business forms; St. Anthony’s School, Carroll, two volumes: Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, commercial exercises, letter writ¬ 
 ing, mechanical drawing and United States history; St. Joseph’s 
 School, two volumes: Mechanical drawing, arithmetic, Christian 
 Doctrine, phonography, geography, United States history and epistol¬ 
 ary correspondence ; SS. Peter and Paul’s School, two volumes: Cate¬ 
 chism, Christian Doctrine, Bible History, grammar, physiology, com- 
 
 Christian Doctrine, German, geography, history, arithmetic, paraphras¬ 
 ing, compositions, translations, United States history, epistolary corre¬ 
 spondence, book-keeping and grammar; Immaculate Conception School, 
 Lansing, three volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, Sacred History, 
 essays, phonography, language, paraphrasing, epistolary correspond¬ 
 ence, penmanship, business forms, civil government, book-keeping, 
 United States history, physiology, map and mechanical drawing; St. 
 Lucas’ School, St. Lucas, one volume: German exercises, compositions, 
 translations, dictations and geography; Holy Trinity School, Luxemburg, 
 two volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, German exercises, United 
 States history and Church History; Sacred Heart School, Mt. Carmel, 
 two volumes: German exercises, Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geog- 
 
 MIDDLE AISLE RUNNING NORTH AND SOUTH, SHOWING EXTERIOR OP ALCOVES 31 TO 43, AND SISTERS BAPTISTA LINTON’S HISTORICAL CHARTS. 
 
 positions and geography; Immaculate Conception School, Haverhill, 
 one volume: German exercises,geography, catechism, mechanical draw¬ 
 ing, arithmetic and Christian Doctrine; Immaculate Conception School, 
 Willey, one volume : Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, essays, 
 translations, paraphrasing, penmanship and mechanical drawing; St. 
 Mary’s School, Cascade, five volumes: History, Christian Doctrine, 
 compositions, grammar, book-keeping, penmanship, arithmetic, United 
 States history and physiology. Crochetrwork, drawn-work on hand¬ 
 kerchief, two splashers, two wreaths of paper flowers, one fascinator, 
 two lamp mats, eight tidies, patch-work, child’s apron, crochet hood, 
 table covers, two wall pockets, child’s cape, crochet tidy, child’s 
 dress, baby dress and quilt; St. Mary’s School, Festina, two volumes : 
 
 raphy, grammar, compositions, paraphrasing, penmanship and drawing ; 
 St. Boniface’s School, New Vienna, one fascinator, one apron, one suit 
 of boy’s clothes, two pairs mittens, three pairs socks. Four volumes : 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, spelling, maps and United 
 States history; SS. Peter and Paul’s School, Sherrill’s Mound, three 
 volumes: Letters, Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, history, 
 German translations, business forms, civil government and botany; 
 Sacred Heart School, Templeton, one volume of German exercises, 
 drawing and arithmetic. 
 
 In so extensive a display as this of the Franciscan Sisters of the 
 Perpetual Adoration, there was ample opportunity for manifesting all 
 the characteristics of school work properly executed, and in this case the 
 
 lse 
 
opportunity"was not wasted. The Christian Doctrine papers could not 
 have been better, language, grammar and geography had been thor¬ 
 oughly learned and were fearlessly reproduced in each pupil’s best 
 style. Arithmetic was presented hi a methodical and scholarly manner 
 worthy of the training the pupils had received. The specimens of map 
 drawing and of composition gave evidence of painstaking effort to 
 attain the best possible results. The exercises in phonography and the 
 specimens of business forms promised good and useful results. Physi¬ 
 ology had been made a practical study, not a mere text-book affair, nor 
 a mere exercise of the memory. One of the best features of this collec¬ 
 tion of class work, was the epistolary correspondence displayed by 
 several institutions. Few things taught in the schools are of so much 
 importance as this, and "Hate specimens were invariably good in all par¬ 
 ticulars. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, in Cascade, and St. Boniface’s, in New Vienna, con¬ 
 tributed the greater number of the pieces of fancy work and plain 
 sewing displayed in the illustration of alcoves 35 and 37. The wreaths 
 of paper flowers and the beautiful table covers from St. Mary’s are very 
 distinct in the picture, so also are the elegant banners presented by the 
 pupils of St. Joseph’s School in LeMars, in charge of the Sisters of 
 Christian Charity. 
 
 Among the schools pf the Dubuque Diocese, besides those already 
 mentioned, was one in charge of the Sisters of Christian Charity, a 
 community located in LeMars. This school (St. Joseph’s) presented 
 an exhibit that comprised three volumes containing German exercises, 
 geography, arithmetic, United States history, map drawing and Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, also four plush banners. These may be seen in our illus¬ 
 tration. 
 
 The School Sisters of Notre Dame were also represented in the 
 Dubuque display by an exhibit from St, Donatus’ School, St. Donatus- 
 town, which presented six volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, 
 composition, physiology, map drawing, geography and language. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, at Cedar Creek, was in charge of Miss Anna 
 Kloth, herself a parochial school graduate. Her pupils presented a very 
 neat and creditable volume containing excellent papers on catechism, 
 geography, German, spelling, composition, arithmetic and drawing. 
 
 In the same alcove with the work from the Diocese of Dubuque 
 were the following worthy exhibits from the Diocese of Davenport: 
 
 St. Francis’ Academy, Council Bluffs, in charge of the Sisters 
 Charity, B. V. M., sent one. pastel crayon, Angelic Tribute to St. 
 Cecilia, one original crayon portrait of young girl and one landscape in 
 water colors. 
 
 The tribute to St. Cecilia was in pastel, a copy of the picture called 
 “The Modern St. Cecilia. The figure was life-size, the hair and com¬ 
 plexion fair, the mantel blue, the style of dress was Roman. It was 
 very pretty and very skillfully executed. Other exhibits were as fol- 
 lows: — St. Mary’s School, Ft, Madison, in charge of Sisters of St. 
 Francis of P. A., presented one volume of Bible History, penmanship, 
 language, arithmetic, geography, United States history, catechism, Ger¬ 
 man and one center-piece. St. Mary’s School, West Point, in charge of 
 Sisters of St. Francis of P. A., presented two volumes of Christian 
 Doctrine, Bible History, orthography, arithmetic, language lessons, 
 grammar, geography, United States history, letter writing, penmanship 
 and English and German translations. 
 
 The papers presented in these volumes were worthy of sincere com¬ 
 mendation for their many admirable features. 
 
 The exterior view of the alcoves containing the exhibits from Du¬ 
 buque and other dioceses, shows us Linton’s maps or “ Historical and 
 Genealogical Charts.” These were On exhibition, in the Catholic Educa¬ 
 tional Exhibit, and among the displays of the state schools, in the de¬ 
 partment of the Liberal Arts Building widely separated from that where 
 the Catholic displays were arranged. We saw them first in the former 
 position, and we were immediately attracted by them, their superior 
 merit was so evident; what then was our pleasure, when meeting with 
 a set of them in the Catholic department, to discover that which was 
 concealed or at least ignored regarding them, in their former connection, 
 that they were the production of the learning, skill and industry of a 
 Visitation Nun. 
 
 These charts, as our illustration shows, were five in number, and 
 constituted one of the most-interesting and original of the normal exhi¬ 
 bits presented to the Catholic display. They are published by D. 
 Appleton & Co. 
 
 The system illustrated by them is that of teaching history by 
 means of large square maps divided off into squares representing cen¬ 
 turies of time ; each large square is subdivided into a hundred smaller 
 squares. These smaller spaces are of various colors, to indicate nation¬ 
 ality, and events in history, such as battles, discoveries, accessions to 
 thrones, etc., are indicated by various symbols, such as crowns, circles, 
 crosses, diamonds, in the color of the required nationality. The series 
 representing the history of our own country has for its last entry, in the 
 accession corner of the small square standing for the World’s Fair year, 
 the portrait of a familiar face, and one glance shows that it chronicles 
 the inauguration of President Grover Cleveland. 
 
 Linton’s maps attracted much attention and intei'est. \Y e were grati¬ 
 fied that one of our religious teachers had invented an educational aid 
 so superior and so useful. It was fitting that the venerable Georgetown 
 Convent should have the honor reflected by this unique production. 
 
 'X&z ^iocose of 
 
 The vast Diocese of Baltimore, as it existed in colonial days, was 
 gradually subdivided into smaller ecclesiastical districts ; the Diocese of 
 Natchez was one of these. The states of Mississippi and Alabama were 
 both included in the Diocese of Baltimore; the latter had, at that time, 
 no white settlers of our faith, but the former had its Catholic history 
 dating from the days of Father Marquette and Joliet who ended their 
 voyage of discovery at a point on the border of that state. 
 
 In 1700, French missionaries began their labors of love and sacrifice 
 among the Indians of the Natchez tribe, and from that date till 1787, at 
 intervals of a few years, band after band of French Jesuits visited the 
 region preaching Christianity to its savage inhabitants. 
 
 In 1787, four priests from the Irish college in Rome made for 
 themselves a permanent habitation, where the city of Natchez now 
 stands, and built a church where the Indians assembled for divine wor¬ 
 ship. The soil had been watered with the blood of martyrs, during the 
 massacre of the French, in 1728, and proved the more fertile for that 
 blessed reason. 
 
 As the reign passed from French to Spanish, and from Spanish to 
 American jurisdiction, the fortunes of the mission were varied, and not 
 always prosperous, until, in 1837, the state of Mississippi was created a 
 bishopric, the See being placed at Natchez, and Rev. John Mary 
 Chanche being consecrated the first bishop. 
 
 From that time, affairs assumed a brighter appearance, and in 1842, 
 the cornerstone of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Sorrows was laid by 
 Bishop Chanche. 
 
 His was a brilliant mind inclined to profound study, for which it 
 was fitted by a learned education; his was a fine and imposing person¬ 
 ality adapted to shine amid social or religious ceremonials, yet he buried 
 himself in this desolate region, and labored there, in obscurity, with all 
 the zeal and earnestness that could have animated him in some grand 
 center of civilization and culture. “There were (spiritual) giants in 
 those days,” and he was one of them. In the midst of his laudable 
 activities, he died in 1852, and was succeeded in 1853, by Rt. Rev. 
 James Oliver Van de Velde, whose zealous services were shortened in 
 1855 by yellow fever. 
 
 Then he came who is now the venerated Archbishop of Cincinnati, 
 and grand was the record that Bishop Elder left after him in the Dio¬ 
 cese of Natchez. Himself a brilliant scholar, he spent much time and 
 energy in'the establishment of educational institutions, having invited to 
 his diocese the Brothers of the Sacred Heart, the Sisters of Charity, 
 Sisters of St. Joseph, School Sisters of Notre Dame, Sisters of Mercy and 
 the Sisters of Nazareth to take charge of them. He had spiritual juris¬ 
 diction over forty-one churches, thirty-two priests, and a catholic pop¬ 
 ulation of more than twelve thousand, at the time of his appointment to 
 a higher and a larger field. 
 
 Bishop Elder was succeeded, in 1881, by Rt. Rev. Francis Janssens 
 who, on being transferred to the Archbishopric of New Orleans, in 1888, 
 was succeeded by Rt. Rev. Thomas Heslin. 
 
 The Diocese of Natchez now numbers sixty-one churches, eighteen 
 chapels and fifty-one stations, served by twenty-seven priests. The 
 catholic population is seventeen thousand five hundred and ten. 
 
 180 
 
Rt.. Rev. Thomas Heslin, fifth bishop of Natchez, was born in April, 1847, in 
 the parish of Killoe, County Longford, Ireland. His parents were Patrick 
 Heslin and Catherine Hughes who occupied and worked a small tenant farm 
 where the little Thomas learned habits of iudustry and integrity, such as are 
 peculiar to country life, rather than to existence in towns. At the age of five 
 the lad began his school life, and the early start was an advantage which he 
 appreciated in later years. Not every child could profit from attendance 
 at school while yet an infant, but he was confirmed at the age of seven, from 
 which we may judge that he was unusually precocious. 
 
 While quite young he was sent to Granard and to Moyne to study the 
 classics. When he was only sixteen years old, his destiny, or rather the special 
 providence of God met him in the person of Archbishop Odin of New Orleans, 
 who having gone to Ireland in search of vocations to the priesthood, induced 
 Thomas Heslin to exile himself from his beloved country for the love of souls 
 and to join the Archbishop in his labors in the vast American diocese of New 
 
 RT. REV. THOMAS HESLIN, D.D. 
 
 Orleans On his arrival on this side of the ocean, the youth entered the seminary 
 at Boulingy, where he studied philosophy, theology and other branches com¬ 
 pleting them while still too young to be ordained. During the years 1867-69, he 
 taught a class at the Jefferson College and a parochial school at Carrollton. In 
 September, 1869, he was ordained by Bishop Quinlan, of Mobile, and, for a short 
 time, fulfilled the duties of assistant at the cathedral of New Orleans. He was 
 one year assistant at St. Vincent de Paul's and three years at St. Patrick's, after 
 which in 1873. he was appointed pastor of St. Michael's, where he remained until 
 nominated for the See of Natchez, in 1889. He was consecrated in the St. Louis 
 Cathedral, New Orleans, by Archbishop Janssens. The diocese was a new and 
 large district, but his energies were equal to the needs which he perceived and 
 realized fully, and which he proceeded to supply without delay. The Diocese of 
 Natchez comprises the whole State of Mississippi. Its priesthood is entirely 
 secular, but religious, both male and female, labor in the cause of education. 
 
 Prominent among the Catholic, population are the Choctaw Indians 
 in whose behalf Bishop Heslin has made zealous efforts, establishing 
 for them several chapels and securing for their education and training 
 the services of the Sisters of Mercy. 
 
 Bishop Heslin celebrated the Silver Jubilee of his priesthood Sep¬ 
 tember 18, 1894. We know him as an active promoter of Catholic 
 schools. Every parish in his diocese must have its school, if it be 
 possible to support it, even though it may require some sacrifice. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Francis, from Philadelphia, have a large school 
 of colored children. The Sisters of Charity, the Sisters of St. Joseph, 
 Sisters of Mercy, School Sisters of Notre Dame, Sisters Marianites of 
 the Holy Cross and Sisters of Perpetual Adoration are all in the educa¬ 
 tional field, so also are the Brothers of the Sacred Heart. May 
 success attend the efforts of the holy laborers and their good Bishop! 
 
 At the Columbian Exposition, the Diocese of Natchez was repre¬ 
 sented by a diocesan exhibit that added to the better features ot the 
 Catholic Educational exhibit some very admirable specimens of school 
 work. For instance, the varied displays from St. Stanislaus’ Com¬ 
 mercial School at Bay St. Louis, and St. Aloysius’ Commercial College 
 at Vicksburg, both in charge of the Brothers of the Sacred Heart, and 
 those from the institutions in charge of Sisters of Mercy, Sisters of St. 
 Joseph, Sisters of St. Francis and School Sisters of Notre Dame. 
 
 St. Stanislaus’ Commercial School was established during the 
 administration of Bishop Elder, and was the object of his special inter¬ 
 est. The exhibit from this institution comprised .specimens of work 
 in the ordinary branches of a high school, and included exercises in 
 the business course, also specimens of art. Four volumes of examina¬ 
 tions and exercises gave evidence of a thorough acquirement ot the 
 common school branches upon which the higher course had been safely 
 based, as was proved by the contents of four other volumes comprising 
 high school work. 
 
 The arrangement of the work, and the methods by which it had 
 been executed were equally admirable in both sets of books. Two 
 volumes of book-keeping presented the theory of accounts in elegant 
 practice. One volume of trigonometry and of surveying, with the 
 prettily drawn figures required for the demonstrations of theorems and 
 problems was very attractive to lovers of mathematics. Two volumes 
 of rhetoric, physics, and the three lower branches of mathematics, con¬ 
 tained papers in which smoothness of diction, clearness of reasoning 
 and excellence of method prevailed. There were two volumes of fine 
 specimens of penmanship, and three albums of beautiful pieces in orna¬ 
 mental pen-work. 
 
 The three volumes of linear drawings, also the one of architectural 
 drawings, crayon pictures and pen sketches presented a collection of care¬ 
 fully prepared and truly artistic pieces. A chart of the diocese, a chart 
 of Bay St. Louis and environs and a plan of the college property showed 
 much skill, and were not the least interesting of the contents of the vol¬ 
 ume in which they appeared. 
 
 St. Aloysius’ Commercial College of Vicksburg is another of the in¬ 
 stitutions that gratified Bishop Elder’s desire for the education of the 
 youth of the diocese. Its exhibit did not lessen the impression made 
 by St. Stanislaus’ in favor of the Brothers of the Sacred' Heart, but gave 
 to it an additional strength, for the various volumes and albums were 
 filled with work the least worthy of which would have reflected honor on 
 the institution. Eleven albums contained methodical work in algebra ; 
 ten were devoted to history, physics and geometry; nine to mathe¬ 
 matics; seventeen to book-keeping; twenty-three to history, geography 
 and grammar; sixteen to rhetoric and civil government; sixteen to ex¬ 
 amination papers; four to Christian Doctrine and Bible History ; fifteen 
 to Christian Doctrine and catechism; one to arithmetic and grammar 
 and one to phonography. Besides the work already mentioned, there 
 were eighty-six miscellaneous exercises, on the various studies of the 
 course, also a large number of free-hand drawings and many mechanical 
 drawings. 
 
 The specimens of pen-work and of ornamental penmanship were ad¬ 
 mirable. Some of these, with mounted maps filled the wall space. The 
 Brothers of the Sacred Heart received much honor on account of their 
 parish school exhibits, particularly that of the Cathedral School of 
 Natchez which consisted of thirty-nine albums of book-keeping ; seven 
 of geometry; one of algebra; five of arithmetic ; thirty-four of home 
 exercises ; twenty-three containing compositions; seven of trigonometry ; 
 eight of history; twenty containing examination papers; sixty-two 
 albums displaying specimens of freehand drawing, specimens of plain 
 and of ornamental penmanship. One picture in pastel was contributed 
 to the wall display. 
 
 The female department of this school is in charge of the Sisters of 
 Charity of Emmittsburg, Md. It contributed to the display eleven 
 volumes of excellent papers on arithmetic, literature, geometry and 
 algebra. 
 
 In the cathedral parish, there is also, St. Francis’ School for colored 
 children who, under the direction of their teachers, the Sisters of St. 
 Francis, prepared, with excellent results, three volumes of papers on 
 arithmetic, grammar and map drawing. 
 
 Another institution for the education of colored children is con¬ 
 ducted by the Sisters of St. Joseph, under the patronage of St. Rose. 
 The dusky little ones sent one volume of work in catechism, geogra- 
 
 1S7 
 
phy, grammar, spelling, arithmetic, penmanship and map drawing. 
 This school is located in Bay St. Louis. The Sisters of St. Joseph have, 
 in that town, another institution, St. Joseph’s Academy, for white 
 children, who sent to the display one volume containing their written 
 ideas of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, algebra, botany, biographical 
 sketches, history, natural history, physiology, astronomy and physics, 
 alsp their essays and compositions, all of which were prettily written, 
 neatly arranged and thoroughly correct. 
 
 In Chatawa, the School Sisters of Notre Dame conduct St. Mary’s 
 Institute which was represented at the great exhibit by two volumes of 
 papers devoted to Christian Doctrine and Church History, language and 
 arithmetic, geography and United States history, penmanship and com- 
 
 The same may be justly stated regarding the work from St. Aloy- 
 sius’ Academy, in Meridian, and from St. Francis Xavier’s Academy, in 
 Vicksburg; the former contributed three and the latter seven volumes 
 containing exercises and examinations on catechism, arithmetic, algebra, 
 grammar, rhetoric, geometry, ancient history, mental philosophy, 
 physics, astronomy, book-keeping and original essays, from the former 
 and, from the latter, papers on literature, mythology, chemistry, geol- 
 ogy, physics, familiar science, ancient and modern history, arithmetic, 
 geography, grammar, book-keeping and catechism, also an original 
 poem, illustrated, specimens of drawing and exercises in music. 
 
 From four day schools, in charge of the Sisters of Mercy, were sent 
 some volumes of praiseworthy work. The Maris Stella School, in 
 
 _ j'j 
 
 Ifp7 
 
 
 if; j| 
 
 11 
 
 U j 
 
 
 
 EXHIBITS PROM ACADEMIES, PARISH SCHOOLS, INDIAN AND COLORED SCI 
 
 position. Well expressed and carefully written, the facts stated in each 
 paper were given with an air of assurance as to their correctness, and 
 in a detailed and orderly fashion very pleasing to the reader. 
 
 The Sisters of Mercy were represented by displays from three acade¬ 
 mies and four day schools. 
 
 St. Rose of Lima’s Academy located in Greenville, presented three 
 volumes containing papers on catechism, arithmetic, grammar, geog¬ 
 raphy, algebra, ancient history, mythology, physical geography, botany, 
 physics, physiology, astronomy, biographical sketches and compositions. 
 
 It was evident that the pupils had vied with each other, in their 
 endeavor to reflect honor on their school, by work neatly and correctly 
 prepared; the result of the graceful struggle was manifest in sets of 
 papers among which it was difficult, if not impossible to choose. 
 
 IOOLS OF THE DIOCESES OP NATCHEZ AND DENVER. (ALCOVE NO. 15.) 
 
 Biloxi, presented fourteen volumes; St. Joseph’s School, in Jackson, one 
 volume; St. Joseph’s School, in Pass Christian, one volume; Holy Ros¬ 
 ary Indian School, in Tucker, one volume. 
 
 The first set was a collection of papers on Christian Doctrine, gram¬ 
 mar, geography, astronomy, physics, history, rhetoric and arithmetic; 
 the second collection was on catechism, Church History, geometry, rhe¬ 
 toric, algebra, physiology, ancient history, grammar, biography, myth¬ 
 ology, arithmetic, physics, botany and geography; the third, on cate¬ 
 chism, Church History, grammar, arithmetic, spelling, geography, phys¬ 
 ics and United States history; the fourth, on catechism, arithmetic, 
 spelling and geography. The school in Biloxi contributed a crayon 
 picture to the wall-decorations. 
 
 The examination .papers of the entire exhibit from Natchez showed 
 
 1S8 
 
that southern intellect is by no means inferior, nor has an enervating 
 climate been permitted to make it dull. However great the temptation 
 to indolence, it had been conquered evidently, or the papers had not 
 been characterized by so many of the very best features. 
 
 The beautiful demonstrations in all the branches of mathematics, 
 the elegant pen-work, the careful drawing, the general excellence of all 
 the work bespoke attentive and energetic pupils. The efforts of the 
 Indian children were especially interesting. 
 
 Our illustration of alcove 83 gives a vivid picture of the greater part 
 of' the Natchez exhibits. So Avell were the separate displays arranged, 
 and so carefully were they designated by printed cards, the reader will 
 require no aid from us in distinguishing the objects contributed by cer¬ 
 tain schools. 
 
 The illustration of alcove 45 likewise reproduces parts of this exhi¬ 
 bit, particularly the objects from the colored and the Indian schools. 
 
 TJlje 'Bioccge of ©cocci'. 
 
 In alcove 45 was arranged also the diocesan exhibit from Denver, 
 Colorado. 
 
 Colorado, the Centennial State, is younger as a diocese than as a 
 fully authorized part of the Union. In 1868, it was established as a 
 Vicariate-Apostolic, under the spiritual jurisdiction of Rt. Rev. Joseph 
 Macheboeuf, Bishop of Epiphania, in parti bus in/idelium. 
 
 Colorado, east of the Rocky Mountains, and north of the Arkansas 
 River, is a portion of the territory which, it is claimed, once formed a 
 part of ancient Louisiana, and thus was within the limits of the original 
 diocese of that name. In the Spanish part, there were three churches, 
 with dependent chapels. The number of miners drawn to the more 
 northerly part by the discovery there of rich mines, originated Denver, 
 Central City and other towns, which were served, spiritually, by clergy 
 from the Diocese of Santa Fe, until the population having greatly in¬ 
 creased, the territory became, in 1876, a state, and, ten years later, in 
 1887, a diocese. 
 
 At the close of 1878, the Catholic population was estimated at 
 twenty thousand. There were thirty-three churches and chapels in use, 
 and eight in progress of erection. Twenty-one priests constituted the 
 
 BIGHT REV NICHOLAS MATZ, D.D. 
 
 devoted band engaged in serving souls, under immense difficulties, in 
 this new region. 
 
 When it was still a Vicariate, the Bisters of Loretto established an 
 academy in the city of Denver. Somewhat later, the Sisters of St. 
 Joseph erected a similar institution in Central City, and the Sisters of 
 Charity founded a school in Trinidad, also a “Home for Invalids” in 
 Denver, to which city so many persons resort, in hope of regaining lost 
 health. 
 
 Now the Diocese of Denver, which still includes the entire state of 
 Colorado, has ninety-two churches and seventy-eight priests, eight 
 academies, one college and nineteen parochial schools. The Catholic 
 population is about sixty thousand. When raised to the dignity of a 
 diocese, it was placed in charge of Rt. Rev. Nicholas Matz. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Nicholas Matz was born at Munster, in Alsace-Lorraine, April 6th, 
 1850. In his fifteenth year he entered the preparatory seminary at Finstigen, 
 and began his classical course. Deeming this country to be in greater need of 
 zealous priests than his native land, where vocations to the priesthood are so 
 common, he entered into voluntary exile, and took up his abode in the United 
 States. In 1868, he entered St. Mary's Seminary, at Cincinnati, Ohio, with the 
 intention of studying for western missions. 
 
 Having expressed his wish to labor for souls in the wild new territories, 
 Bishop Macheboeuf accepted him for the service of the church in Colorado, of 
 which the Bishop was then Vicar-Apostolic. The ardent student was ordained 
 a priest in Denver, in 1874, on Trinity Sunday, and spent three years at the 
 cathedral in that city, little thinking that it would one day be his own diocesan 
 church. From Denver he went to Georgetown, Col., having been appointed 
 pastor of that place. There he built a church, a school and an hospital; a great 
 work for one's first year in the pastorate. Evidently his superiors thought so, 
 for in 1885, he was promoted to the charge of St. Anne's church in East Denver, 
 where he labored with zeal and success, until he was recalled to the cathedral 
 as coadjutor, in 1887. 
 
 When Bishop Macheboeuf died, in 1889, Bishop Matz was appointed his 
 successor, and entered upon his duties with the same zeal and earnestness 
 that distinguished him as a pastor. 
 
 Besides the religious already mentioned, as having begun their 
 labors in the Vicariate, the Diocese of Denver has now the services of 
 Benedictine, Jesuit, Franciscan and Dominican Fathers, Sisters of St. 
 Francis, of St. Joseph, of St. Benedict, of St. Dominie, of Mercy, of 
 Charity and of Loretto. 
 
 When it was proposed to have a diocesan exhibit, to represen 
 Denver at the Columbian Exposition, Bishop Matz appointed a com¬ 
 mittee of clergymen to arrange matters connected therewith, and to 
 bring it to a successful close. 
 
 The members of the committee were Rev. .1. P. Carrigan, Rev. J. T. 
 Murphy, O. P., and Rev. Win. O. Ryan who spared no effort to render 
 the exhibit a fair representation of the diocesan schools. 
 
 The Jesuit Fathers were honored by choice contributions from the 
 Sacred Heart College of Denver. These comprised papers on the various 
 collegiate studies ; those on the several branches of mathematics were re¬ 
 markable for clear and concise statements of problems which were 
 solved or demonstrated with a brief directness that preserved them from 
 the neglect of readers impatient to be off to newer and more wonderful 
 scenes than those of an educational exhibit. History, United States, 
 ancient and modern, was treated of in that broad, impartial tone that 
 delights the intelligent reader whatever may be his belief. Mental 
 philosophy is a part of the Catholic student’s armor, and the manner 
 in which these pupils handled it, proved them to lie well acquainted 
 with its highest use. 
 
 A thorough knowledge of physics and of chemistry had been 
 acquired, after the approved methods of experiment and investigation. 
 
 The compositions which showed depth and originality of thought 
 were written in a very pleasing style, simple, yet forcible. 
 
 The book-keeping and the other business branches were presented in 
 a manner that argued well for the future commercial success of the 
 writers. Grammatical analysis, geography and Latin completed the list 
 of admirably arranged and carefully written papers. Copies of “ The 
 Highlander,” the college journal, displayed much line work in English 
 composition. • 
 
 Although the Sisters of Loretto had a collective exhibit from the in¬ 
 stitutions of their Order, the work from their schools in the Diocese of 
 Denver appeared in alcove 45, with the rest of the diocesan exhibit. 
 Their beautiful contribution to the wall display, “ Easter Dawn,” an oil- 
 painting handsomely framed, can be distinguished in our illustration of 
 alcove 45, which represents the labels on various objects so clearly, as to 
 render further reference to them unnecessary. 
 
The Benedictine Sisters, the Sisters of Charity, of Mercy and of St. 
 Joseph were also represented by some lovely pieces of art, which hear 
 the names of the institutions where the work was accomplished. The 
 display of china-painting from Loretto Academy was large and exqui¬ 
 sitely beautiful. 
 
 Of bound work, Loretto Academy in Denver contributed one large 
 volume containing papers on grammar, geography, physical geography, 
 literature, physiology, arithmetic, history and orthography. St. Mary’s 
 Academy also presented one volume on a slightly different list of 
 studies, Christian Doctrine, orthography, history, grammar, arithmetic, 
 geography, book-keeping, geology, natural philosophy, mythology and 
 botany. A royal folio of crayons and paintings contained some beauti¬ 
 ful work; many of the pieces were remarkable for the taste and 
 skill they displayed. Seven cards and four tables of kindergarten work 
 spoke for the industry of the wee ones. Eight cards, illustrating the ■ 
 various positions of the hands on the key board of piano or organ, 
 promised to be very helpful to pupils learning music. Three charts 
 relating to geography and four books of pictorial designs completed 
 St. Mary’s list of admirable work. 
 
 Loretto Academy, in Colorado Springs, presented two volumes of 
 Christian Doctrine, spelling, reading, grammar, arithmetic, algebra, 
 geography, physiology, ancient and modern history, physical geogra¬ 
 phy, rhetoric and composition. 
 
 From the Sacred Heart School of the Loretto Sisters, in Conejos, Col., 
 there was exhibited a unique stole, tapestried by little children, with 
 zephyr and beads. 
 
 The written work of the pupils of the Loretto Sisters was remarka¬ 
 ble for good penmanship, proper expression of thought, and an in¬ 
 variable correctness of statement. The common school branches were, if 
 there was any difference, more carefully presented than those of the 
 academic course. When this is the case there will be no lack of 
 thoroughness in the higher grades; the foundation is secure, the super¬ 
 structure, if one is erected, will be stable. 
 
 Cannon City was so fortunate as to be represented by Benedictine 
 work. Mt. St. Scholastica’s Academy, true to the traditions of an order 
 engaged for several hundred years in the sacred employment of teaching, 
 presented work second to none with which it was compared, in the close 
 competition of a small alcove devoted to an entire diocese. Christian 
 Doctrine had flowed from the youthful pens with reverent accuracy; 
 arithmetic, algebra and geometry had arranged themselves in obedience 
 to good reasoning powers and methodical habits ; a knowledge of physi¬ 
 ology and physics had been acquired by experiment and investigation, 
 the papers on these subjects were correspondingly thorough ; literature 
 and composition had been related as cause and effect, the result was 
 most pleasing; book-keeping and phonography, as aids in bread win¬ 
 ning, had been carefully practiced. The freehand drawing was admirable, 
 in its subjects and in its skillful execution. 
 
 To the parochial school exhibit, from the Diocese of Denver, the Sis¬ 
 ters of Charity (Mother House, Leavenworth, Kansas,) contributed work 
 from their schools in the city of Denver and in Leadville, Col. The 
 former, Annunciation School, sent one volume of orderly and correct 
 papers on arithmetic, geography, orthography, penmanship, Christian 
 Doctrine and Bible History. The latter, St. Mary’s School, sent one 
 volume of well-written and well-expressed papers on Christian Doctrine, 
 history, arithmetic, geography, grammar, algebra, book-keeping, litera¬ 
 ture, physics and Church History. 
 
 These religious presented also a volume of work from Mt. St. Vin¬ 
 cent’s Orphan Asylum, in Denver City. This contained the orphans’ 
 carefully prepared examination papers and class exercises on Christian 
 Doctrine, United States history, geography, arithmetic, orthography and 
 object lessons, also specimens of map drawing and of freehand drawing. 
 
 The quality of the work from these three institutions merited earnest 
 commendation. 
 
 The Sisters of Charity (Mother House at Mt. St. Joseph, Ohio) con¬ 
 tributed work from two schools in the city of Denver and from one in 
 Pueblo. The Sacred Heart School (Denver) sent three volumes of 
 admirable papers on Christian Doctrine, Bible History, grammar, geog¬ 
 raphy, algebra, physiology, United States and general history, and 
 geometry, also specimens of penmanship, business forms, letter writing 
 and freehand drawing. The Immaculate Conception School (Denver) 
 sent three volumes of carefully written and correctly expressed matter 
 reproduced from thoroughly acquired information regarding Christian 
 
 Doctrine, arithmetic, geograpny, history, orthography, grammar, physi¬ 
 ology, book-keeping and music, also excellent specimens ot penmanship, 
 map drawing, letter writing and freehand drawing. St. Patrick’s School 
 (Pueblo) was very creditably represented by one volume of exercises on 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, orthography, United States history and 
 vocal music, also specimens of excellent penmanship, of skillful pen 
 sketches, of attractive freehand, object and map drawing. Hie charac¬ 
 ter of the work from these three schools was likewise very satisfactory, 
 the result of earnest endeavor. 
 
 The Sisters of Mercy presented exhibits from one “Home” and from 
 two parochial schools. 
 
 St. Catherine’s Home (Denver) affords a pleasant abiding place for 
 women and girls engaged in business pursuits, or employed as clerks, 
 typewriters, etc. The inmates have the advantage of attending a night 
 school in the institution and of receiving lessons in art, in music and in 
 needle-work of all kinds. 
 
 The night school did not prepare an exhibit, but the kindergarten 
 department, attached to the “Home,” sent some beautiful specimens of 
 their peculiar work. St. Joseph’s School (Denver) presented one vol¬ 
 ume of excellent papers on Bible History, grammar, arithmetic, ortho¬ 
 graphy and United States history, also specimens ot freehand drawing. 
 
 St. Columba’s School (Durango, Col. ) was represented by a volume 
 of praiseworthy exercises on Christian Doctrine, book-keeping, algebra, 
 arithmetic, geography, grammar, history, orthography, physiology, 
 botany, natural philosophy and music. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Joseph were represented by work from two parish 
 schools in Denver and one in Georgetown, Col. St. Leo’s School (Den¬ 
 ver) sent one volume of unsurpassed papers on Christian Doctrine, geo¬ 
 graphy, language lessons, arithmetic, grammar, United States, natural and 
 Bible History, also beautiful specimens of penmanship and of freehand, 
 object and map drawing. St. Patrick’s School was honored by its volume 
 of work on Christian Doctrine, Bible History, arithmetic, grammar, 
 geography and United States, general and natural history, also 
 admirable specimens of penmanship, letter writing and freehand, 
 object and map drawing. The School of Our Lady of Lourdes in 
 Georgetown, Col., sent praiseworthy work on Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic, algebra, geography, grammar, United States history, book¬ 
 keeping, physiology and object lessons, also excellent specimens of 
 penmanship, composition and letter writing. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Dominic (Mother House, Sinsinawa, Wis.,) sent, 
 from St. Dominic’s School, in the Highlands, near Denver, a volume of 
 neatly written, orderly papers giving a correct reproduction of the 
 pupils’ thorough information regarding Christian Doctrine, Church 
 History, arithmetic, algebra, book-keeping, grammar, geography, litera¬ 
 ture and physics. 
 
 Most 'Rev. John 3G. Salpointe, E>.H>. 
 
 The second Archbishop of Santa Fe is a native of France, in which sunny 
 land he was born February 22d, 1825. After a boyhood spent in the shelter of a 
 home, the atmosphere of which was devoutly Catholic, he pursued his classical 
 course in the preparatory seminary of Agen, in the department of Creuse and in 
 that of Clermont in Puy de Dome. 
 
 At the seminary of Clermont Ferrand, he devoted his energies to the thor¬ 
 ough acquirement of the theological course; having succeeded with honor, he 
 was ordained priest December 21st, 1851. 
 
 Three years engaged in parish duties and five in the labors of teacher in the 
 seminary of Clermont gave the varied experience and the profound learning 
 which were to be of such great use to him when he should leave La Belle 
 France for the wilds of the new world. Parish duties would mean a very differ¬ 
 ent thing in his new home, and for the attainment of learning there would be no 
 opportunity, even did the desire for it survive the effects of the arduous labors 
 of a missionary priest in a new land. 
 
 The 4th of August, 1859, was his last day in France ; he severed the sacred 
 ties that bound him to home and fatherland to take up the burden of life in New 
 Mexico, the scene of his early labors in America. Here he spent seven years, 
 the value of which only God could reckon, so filled were they with those hidden 
 deeds of Christian heroism that one's fellowmen fail to see, but which escape 
 not the gaze of Him who sees all things. Then, in 1866, Father Salpointe was 
 sent by Rt. Rev. Bishop Lamy, to be Vicar-General of Arizona ; three years later, 
 that territory was made a Vicariate-Apostolic. Very Rev. Dr. Salpointe, 
 having been appointed Bishop of Doryla, on the 25th of September, 1868, and 
 consecrated at Clermont, the beloved home of his school life, in June, 1869, took 
 charge of the wide region which comprised all of Arizona, the southern part 
 of New Mexico, and the county of El Paso in Texas. 
 
 160 
 
MOST REV. JOHN R. SALPOINTE, D.D. 
 
 The building of churches received his earliest attention, for, at the time of 
 his elevation to the episcopate, there were churches only at Tucson, at St. 
 Xavier del Bac and at Las Cruces. 
 
 His zeal was inflamed by the danger that threatened the faith of the Catholic 
 Indians, as well as that of the Spanish settlers, by the action of the United 
 States government, in assigning Protestant ministers to the charge of missions 
 that had been wholly Catholic. His earnest endeavors were successful, and his 
 next step was to introduce into the Vicariate the Sisters of St. Joseph who es¬ 
 tablished day schools and hospitals and the Sisters of Mercy and of Loretto who 
 opened academies. 
 
 The Vicar-Apostolic continued his labors with unwearied zeal, until, in 1884, 
 he numbered a flock of one hundred Catholic Indians and thirty thousand 
 white Catholics, for whose service there were sixteen priests and eighteen 
 churches, also fifteen chapels and six parochial schools. On the 8th of June 
 1884, Pope Leo XIII., transferred Bishop Salpointe to Santa Fe, making him 
 coadjutor to Archbishop Lamy, whom he succeeded, July 18, 1885. 
 
 The Archdiocese of Santa Fe now has a Catholic population (white) 110,000 ; 
 (Indians) 18,000; with fifty-three priests to attend thirty-three churches and 
 two hundred and eighty-eight chapels and stations. 
 
 The Jesuit Fathers have a house in Albuquerque ; the Christian Brothers 
 have three schools, and the Sisters of Mercy, of Loretto, and of Charity have 
 various educational and charitable institutions. In most of the country mis¬ 
 sions, the population being entirely Catholic, the schools are taught by Catho¬ 
 lic lay teachers. 
 
 If one wishes to be edified, let him consult the Catholic directory, turning 
 to the pages bearing the statistics of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe, let him note 
 how many places each priest must attend, and let him consider what it means 
 in the way of suffering and of self-sacrifice. 
 
 IRiflbt IRev. p. X. Gbapelle, S).H>, 
 
 Archbishop Chapelle was born in the south of France, land of song and of 
 the precious vine, in 1844, but left it at too early an age to experience the deeper 
 sense of exile that would have weighed down his heart some years later. A 
 youth of seventeen, America seemed to him, doubtless, a land of promise, where 
 his brightest dreams would be realized, for what boy born in Southern France 
 has failed i:o have dreams, rich and glowing ? 
 
 One of his uncles was leaving France to become a missionary in Hayti, 
 here was an opportunity that French ardor did not let go to waste ; thus the 
 youth found his way to the new world and entering, soon after his arrival, the 
 Seminary of St. Mary at Baltimore, completed, in that famous old institu¬ 
 tion, his philosophical and theological course. 
 
 While he was yet a seminarian, his reverend uncle died, leaving him free to 
 choose his future field of action, hence he became affiliated with the Archdiocese 
 of Baltimore, and being too young for ordination went, to St. Charles College to 
 
 teach. At the end of two years in 1865, he was ordained a priest and appointed 
 to take charge of the missions in Montgomery County. 
 
 During the time he was thus employed, he passed the required examination, 
 and received, in 1868, from the faculty of St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, the 
 degree of Doctor of Divinity. He was successively assistant at St. John's 
 and pastor at St. Joseph's churches, Baltimore. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Boyle, the popular pastor of St. Mathew's Church in Washington, 
 D. C., having died in 1882, Dr. Chapelle was appointed his successor, and con¬ 
 tinued to have charge of St. Mathew's parish until he was appointed by Leo 
 XIII. Aug. 2.1891, coadjutor to Archbishop Salpointe, of Santa Fe, with right of 
 
 During his pastorate at St. Mathew's, he filled several important positions, 
 such as president of the Theological Conferences of Baltimore ; president of the 
 Washington Conferences ; ecclesiastical superior of the Visitation Nuns of Balti¬ 
 more. of Georgetown and of Washington ; vice-president of the Indian Bureau, 
 in Washington ; a member of the board of directors for the Catholic University 
 at Washington ; a member, too, of the board that prepared the decrees for the 
 last Plenary Council of Baltimore, and, finally, secretary of one of the most im¬ 
 portant committees of that council. 
 
 His consecration as titular Bishop of Arabissus took place in the cathedral of 
 Baltimore. His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons officiating, assisted by Archbishop 
 Salpointe of Santa Fe, Bishop Kain of Wheeling (then), and Bishop Keane of the 
 Catholic University. 
 
 We have given a summary of the diocesan institutions at the close of the 
 biographical sketch of Archbishop Salpointe. 
 
 TIk ©ioeesw of Manchester, H. 
 
 Bishop Bradley was born in Ireland, in 1846, on February 25th, called in that 
 land of faith and devotion “Lady Day, "or Feast of the Annunciation. Mr. 
 Bradley, the Bishop's father, having died while the family were still quite young, 
 the mother turning with bright hopes to the United States, that home of the 
 oppressed or, as in this case, the sorrowful, came with that courage that God 
 seems to confer as a special gift on widowed mothers, to the strange but hospita¬ 
 ble country, and made her home in Manchester, N. H. 
 
 Here, with the fidelity of the true Catholic mother, she raised her family ; 
 here her son one day to be such a comfort and such an honor to her, attended 
 the Catholic schools and laid the foundation in both school and home of his 
 future career. Having completed his classical studies at the Holy Cross College, 
 Worcester, Mass., he made his theological course at St. Joseph's Seminary, Troy, 
 N. Y., and was there ordained June 3, 1871, by Rt. Rev. Bernard McQuaid, of 
 Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Bishop Bacon, of Portland, Maine, summond Father Bradley to the cathe¬ 
 dral ; this was his first charge, and long and faithfully did he work at it. For 
 
 RIGHT REV. T>. L. CHAPELLE, D.D. 
 
 161 
 
Mercy, Sisters of the Holy Names, Sis 
 Sisters, Sisters of Providence, Gray N 
 are sixty-four parochial schools wit 
 The Catholic population is 85,000. 
 
 The history of the Diocese of Man 
 has been short. 
 
 Rev. William McDonald is called 
 State of New Hampshire, having bin 
 but there were earlier edifices than th: 
 a church in 1823, and in 1833 anothe 
 not a resident priest in the State, unt 
 aid, so the title given him is merited. 
 
 3ar s, he was rector of the cathedral, chancellor of the diocese 
 Thus he served Bishop Bacon in the declining 
 the early days of his episcopate. 
 
 ‘ ' without a pastor, Bishop Healey of 
 important place, and thus the good 
 to become his cathedral. This was 
 
 nine successivi 
 
 and councilor to the Bishop, 
 days, and Bishop Healey ‘ 
 
 St. Joseph's Church, Manchester, being 
 Portland sent 
 priest 
 
 brief as its existence 
 
 jrated in his own church, 
 Most Rev. 
 
 . Rev. Louis 
 justine, Pla. 
 most eloquent sermon, and 
 the sanctuary of 
 i priest 
 
 The presence of so many distin- 
 
 e Father of Catholicity” in the 
 ihurch at Manchester, in 1847; 
 ,r Rev. Virgil H. Barber erected 
 s built at Dover, yet there was 
 ie pastorate of Father McDon- 
 
 in 1830; four years later. Father Bradle; 
 and became Bishop of Manchester, a ne 
 
 J. J. Williams of Boston was the officia.—„ t , - 
 
 de Goesbriand, of Burlington, Vt., and Rt. Rev. J. Moore, of St. Ai 
 Rt. Rev. Bishop Healey preached on the occasion a u. 
 the event was made still further illustrious by the pn 
 three bishops since deceased, besides four who are still living, and 
 who has since been consecrated bishop. 
 
 DIOCESES MANCHESTE 
 
 SIOUX FALI S BENEDICTINES. 
 
 53, htoceses of Manchester and sioux falls, etc. 
 
 EXTERTOR AND INTERIOR VIEW: 
 
 the high esteem in which Bishop Bradley was held 
 This high regard of his co-laborers he has never for- 
 rree. A clerical friend has said of him “ He does the 
 
 v .’addition to that of a bishop, and in all the phases of 
 
 found to excel even the most devoted of his priests. - ’ This is 
 ; it honors those who are so generous as to give it, and him 
 
 guished personages shows 
 while yet a simple priest, 
 feited in the slightest de< 
 work of a parish priest in 
 self-sacrifice he is ‘ 
 their own verdict 
 who merits it. 
 
 Manchester has been a diocesi 
 ing that time the Catholic faith ha 
 ot the life and progress of the ptat 
 
 In this diocese there are fift; 
 seven priests. The thirty-seven 
 are in charge of the Benedictir 
 Christian Brothers, the Brothers 
 
 n and the priests eighteen, 
 and taking the lead in all 
 the consecration of Bishop 
 ere thirty-seven, the priests 
 ree thousand five hundred, 
 l. The large manufacturing 
 
towns contained many Catholic operatives and they, with the many Cath¬ 
 olic farmers, made up good sized congregations. The progress has been 
 steady and satisfactory, reaching the numbers quoted at the close of our 
 biographical sketch of Rt. Rev. D. M. Bradley. 
 
 The pretty little diocesan exhibit that appeared in alcove 88 comprised 
 contributions from the Brothers of the Sacred Heart, the Brothers of 
 the Christian Schools, the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, 
 Sisters of the Holy Cross and Sisters of Mercy. 
 
 The Brothers of the Sacred Heart were represented by work from St. 
 Augustine’s Academy, Manchester, comprising two volumes of composi¬ 
 tions ; specimens of penmanship, of letter writing and of book-keeping ; 
 one hundred and thirty-three pamphlets containing papers on Christian 
 
 The Christian Brothers added, in this display, another leaf to the 
 profusion of laurels they Avon in every educational competition at the 
 Fair. Their exceedingly line contribution to the Manchester exhibit 
 was as follows : From St. Joseph’s High School, the cathedral school of 
 Manchester, eighty-three albums of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, ortho¬ 
 graphy, United States history, general history, compositions, literature, 
 algebra, geometry, penmanship, rhetoric, physics, physiology, phil¬ 
 osophy, Latin and French translations, mensuration, typeAvriting, draw¬ 
 ing, book-keeping, business correspondence, debates and one album 
 of photographs of the school, of students and buildings. This Avas high 
 school Avork avcII worthy of the name. Method and execution, system 
 and operation faultless ; Avork almost perfect. 
 
 Doctrine, geography, algebra, arithmetic, samples of map drawing and 
 of freehand drawing ; twenty-one albums of linear drawing and one map 
 of the city of Manchester ; by Avork from St. Aloysius’ Academy, male 
 department, Nashua, comprising two volumes of grammar, orthography, 
 arithmetic, geography, specimens of letter writing and of penmanship, 
 also miscellaneous class exercises. 
 
 The work Avas excellent throughout; the map of Manchester being 
 especially well drawn, though all the maps were commendable and the 
 many drawings were quite skillful, above the ordinary, in fact, for stu¬ 
 dents’ work. 
 
 The class exercises were praiseworthy in all particulars, and the 
 penmanship uniformly pleasing. The Brothers of ‘the Sacred Heart 
 scored another victory in this small but choice exhibit. 
 
 The Sisters of Jesus and Mary Avere here introduced ; we have not 
 met them frequently, hence their small, but really excellent exhibit 
 Avas noted Avith special interest and gave special satisfaction. It com¬ 
 prised from the Academy of Jesu Marie, Manchester, four volumes of 
 Christian Doctrine, orthography, arithmetic, book-keeping, business 
 forms, grammar and dictations (French), two pieces ornamental pen- 
 work. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Benedict presented the customary beautiful pen¬ 
 manship, neat arrangement and good methods in the following: From 
 St. Raphael’s School, Manchester, fourteen volumes of Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, arithmetic, Bible History, orthography, Sacred History, language, 
 grammar and geography. 
 
 The Sisters of the Holy Cross, in charge of the female department of 
 
St. Aloysius’ Academy, Nashua, were honored by the very excellent 
 features of the following display, in preparing which the students had, 
 evidently, vied with each other in attaining perfection: Thirty-two 
 albums of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, orthography, geography, gram¬ 
 mar, United States history, book-keeping, drawing, penmanship, compo¬ 
 sitions, literature and Sacred History. 
 
 The Sisters of Mercy, with their usual success in presenting an 
 attractive array of work, did their best for the Manchester display and 
 exhibited exercises from several schools of high standing, to judge from 
 the papers that appeared in their volumes, which were contributed by 
 two academies, four schools and one orphanage. The list shows the 
 following arrangement from live institutions in Manchester: Mt. St. 
 Mary’s Academy, nine volumes of Christian Doctrine, history, litera¬ 
 ture, grammar, geography, arithmetic, French and Latin translations, 
 geometry, algebra, book-keeping, natural science, rhetoric, compositions, 
 school journal, Church History, geology, chemistry, astronomy, 
 physics, botany, Bible History and United States history. One 
 volume of Mt. St. Mary’s record. St. Mary’s Day Academy, one vol¬ 
 ume examination papers, one volume written exercises, one volume 
 phonography and typewriting, book-keeping and business forms, one 
 volume ancient, modern and United States history (topical recitations), 
 one volume composition, two volumes English literature, nineteen speci¬ 
 mens phonography, typewriting and penmanship. St. Joseph’s Cathe¬ 
 dral School, female department, six volumes of Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, arithmetic, orthography, geography, United States history, 
 Church and Bible History, letter writing, compositions and penman¬ 
 ship. St. Agnes’ School, four volumes of Christian Doctrine, Church, 
 Bible, and United States history, arithmetic, grammar, letter writing, 
 language and geography. St. Patrick’s Orphanage, one volume: Spe¬ 
 cimens of penmanship, map drawing and freehand drawing. 
 
 The work from the orphanage, as far as it extended, had been just as 
 carefully prepared as that from academies, and the homeless students 
 had been just as kindly and carefully taught as those of means and 
 happy homes. 
 
 From other parts of the Diocese, the Sisters of Mercy sent work as 
 follows -.—From School of the Sacred Heart. Nashua, five albums of 
 Christian Doctrine, United States history, Bible History, physiology, 
 physical geography, algebra, phonography, typewriting, orthography, 
 arithmetic, geography and kindergarten work. From St. Joseph s School, 
 Keene, three volumes : Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, language, ortho¬ 
 graphy, Bible History, United States history, geography, grammar and 
 compositions. 
 
 This work was, throughout, such as we have always found con¬ 
 tributed by the Sisters of Mercy; all the pretty, dainty features were 
 there and the thoroughness also. 
 
 /ifcost 1Rev\ tTbomas TL. <3race. 
 
 Archbishop Grace was born in Charleston, S. C., on the 16th of November, 
 1814. In his very childhood he manifested a love for the things of God, par¬ 
 ticularly those pertaining to divine service, hence he commenced his studies 
 with a view to the sacred ministry at the early age of fifteen, entering, for that 
 purpose, the seminary in his native city, but the following year found him in the 
 Dominican Convent of St. Rose, in Kentucky. There, habited in the white robe 
 of a Dominican novice, he spent years in retirement, prayer and study, after 
 which he was sent to Rome, and for seven years pursued a most thorough theo¬ 
 logical course at the Minerva, the celebrated Dominican Convent. 
 
 The five years succeeding his ordination, which had taken place December 
 21st, 1809, were spent in Rome, after which he returned to America, and was en¬ 
 gaged in missionary duties in Kentucky and in Tennessee for many years. In 
 Memphis, which was the chief field of his earlier labors, he built St. Peter's 
 Church, founded the convent of St. Agnes for a community of Dominican Sis¬ 
 ters, and established an orphan asylum. For thirteen years he had been their 
 pastor and their beloved friend, hence, when Father Grace was chosen to fill the 
 See of St. Paul, the people of Memphis felt the occasion to be one of deep 
 sorrow to them, though bringing merited honor and trust to him. He was 
 consecrated in the cathedral of St. Louis by Archbishop Kenrick. July 24, 1859, 
 and two days later, accompanied by clerical friends, he set out, by steamer, for 
 his distant See. 
 
 The labors and responsibilities the Diocese of St. Paul then presented were 
 immense, only a brave heart and a zealous soul could have faced them with the 
 determination to endure, if not able to conquer. 
 
 In 1875, Northern Minnesota was set off as a vicariate, and in that same year 
 Rt. Rev. John Ireland was, at Bishop Grace's earnest request, appointed co¬ 
 
 adjutor. In 1879, Dakota, which had formed part of the DioceBe of St. Paul 
 was made a vicariate. . 
 
 Bishop Grace celebrated, in 1884, his episcopal silver jubilee, the city of St. 
 Paul giving an enthusiastic ovation. At that time, the diocese boasted one hun¬ 
 dred and fifty-three priests, more than two hundred churches, besides hospitals, 
 asylums, academies and schools. After his jubilee, the venerable prelate resigned 
 his charge into the hands of his beloved spiritual son, Bishop Ireland, and became 
 himself the titular Bishop of Mennith. After St. Paul became an Archbishopric, 
 Most Rev. John Ireland petitioned the Holy See to confer upon his venerated 
 predecessor the title of Archbishop, a request with which the Holy 1' ather 
 gladly and graciously complied. Archbishop Grace now spends his time at St. 
 Thomas’ Seminary, the Benjamin of his advanced years. 
 
 /Iftost IRev. 3 obn IfrelanD, 
 
 The third bishop and first archbishop of St. Paul, Mt. Rev. John Ireland, was 
 born at Burnchurch, County Kilkenny, Ireland, September 11, 1838, and came to 
 America with his parents when he was eleven years old. 
 
 After a temporary residence at Burlington, Vermont, and Chicago, Ill., his 
 father, Richard Ireland, settled in St. Paul and became a builder. The boy was 
 sent to the cathedral school where he made rapid progress, and soon attracted 
 the keen gaze of Dr. Cretin, who speedily discerned that this lad, with no 
 thought but to be head of his class and winner in the next game of marbles, had 
 a future before him of more than ordinary promise. Discovering the talented 
 boy to have a vocation for the priesthood, the Bishop sent him to Meximeux, 
 France, where he completed his course at the Preparatory Seminary, which gave 
 him the right of admission to the Grand Seminary at Hyeres to take the theo¬ 
 logical course. Having accomplished this difficult task with honor to himself, 
 and to the satisfaction of his preceptors, he returned to America in 1861, and 
 was ordained in the St. Paul Cathedral, by Bishop Grace, on the 21st of Decem¬ 
 ber of that same year. 
 
 His first charge was an unusual one for a newly-ordained priest ; he was 
 sent to the front, as chaplain of the Fifth Minnesota regiment, and fulfilled the 
 trying duties with unflinching courage and fortitude, for fifteen months. Hav¬ 
 ing won the admiration and reverence of even the most prejudiced of his associ¬ 
 ates, his health compelled him to resign the heavy labors of the battle-field and 
 the camp, hence he was recalled to St. Paul and became pastor of the cathedral. 
 In this capacity, his singular gifts and qualities made him at once a man of note, 
 one whose career became daily of wider interest, until his appointment to the 
 vicariate of Nebraska aroused Bishop Grace's alarm, at the thought of losing so 
 valuable a priest from his diocese. 
 
 Hastening to Rome, Bishop Grace succeeded in having Father Ireland ap¬ 
 pointed coadjutor to the Bishop of St. Paul, and as such the bishop-elect was 
 consecrated on December 21,1875, the fourteenth anniversary of his ordination. 
 
 MOST REV. JOHN IRELAND, D.D. 
 
 164 
 
Ab parish priest he had taken most active interest in the emigration of Irish 
 Catholics to the State of Minnesota ; after his consecration as bishop, he re¬ 
 doubled his efforts to establish Catholic colonies in Minnesota, and to redeem 
 our people from the folly of settling in the crowded tenement houses of the sea¬ 
 board cities. As an advocate of temperance, his efforts have been most successful, 
 and it is said of the city of St. Paul that there are exceedingly few, if any. Irish 
 names over the doors of saloons, and that whole streets are lined with the com¬ 
 fortable homes of Irish Catholics. 
 
 Archbishop Ireland has been, for several years, the president of the State 
 Historical Society of Minnesota, a token of the universal esteem in which he is 
 held by those opposed to him in belief, but who are impressed by his earnest¬ 
 ness of purpose. On returning from the Plenary Council of Baltimore, in 1884, 
 he presided in New York, over a meeting to organize a Catholic Historical 
 Society for the United States. His interest in the establishment of the 
 Catholic University of Washington was of the warmest and most efficient. In 
 1888, the pallium was conferred upon Dr. Ireland, St. Paul having been 
 made, some time previous, a Metropolitan See. 
 
 Though new dioceses have been set off from the original Diocese of St. Paul, 
 the archdiocese still possesses one hundred and ninety-eight churches and 
 one hundred and eighty-four priests. There are, within its limits, thirteen 
 chapels and thirty-one stations, the catholic population being two hundred 
 thousand, and the schools including colleges, academies and industrial institu¬ 
 tions, as well as parochial schools, number ninety, with an attendance of two 
 thousand eight hundred pupils. 
 
 'Ebe ^iocese of gioux Falls. 
 
 The Diocese of Sioux Falls comprises the State of South Dakota, and 
 was established in 1889, by Leo XIII., with Rt. Rev. Martin Marty, 
 D.D., as its first bishop. 
 
 Martin Marty was born in Schwyz, Switzerland, Jan. 12. 1834. He studied in 
 the colleges of Switzerland and Austria, with the intention, it is said, of be¬ 
 coming a medical doctor ; however that may be, he later went through a course 
 of theology and was ordained to the priesthood on September 14, 1856. He 
 came to the United States to assist in the founding of a new Benedictine abbey 
 and college and went to join Bishop de Saint Palais of Vincennes, who stood in 
 need of German priests. He arrived at Vincennes in 1860; after consultation 
 with his bishop he purchased 7,000 acres of land in Spencer county, Indiana, 
 and immediately set to work to invite immigration from Germany and Austria. 
 Through his efforts Spencer and Dubois counties, Ind., were settled almost ex¬ 
 clusively by German Roman Catholics. He built many churches, and in 1865 he 
 erected St. Meinrad's priory and was made its first superior. In 1870, Pope Pius 
 IX. raised St. Meinrad's to the rank of an abbey and appointed Father Marty a 
 
 RT. REV. MARTIN MARTY, D.D. 
 
 mitered abbot; but he resigned his office a few years later and went to Dakota 
 to devote himself to the conversion of the Indians. He studied the languages 
 of the aborigines and especially that of the Sioux and became master of sev¬ 
 eral dialects. He returned to St. Meinrad’s and wrote a grammar of the Sioux, 
 and also a dictionary with which he educated a number of priests and twelve 
 Sisters of Charity, and took them to Dakota. Father Marty obtained great in¬ 
 fluence over the Indians and was in the camp of Sitting Bull at a time when it 
 was fatal for a white man to be among the Indians, but he had no fear, and was 
 thus enabled to extend much protection to the settlers. The federal govern¬ 
 ment gave him much authority, recognizing his valuable aid and services. In 
 1879 Dakota was formed into an apostolic-vicariate and Dr. Marty was conse¬ 
 crated Bishop on February 1st, 1880. 
 
 When he went to Dakota, the Catholic church had hardly an existence in the 
 territory, hence all its institutions are of his creation, and there are now over 
 one hundred churches, one hundred and twenty stations and eight missions, 
 which alone contain thirty thousand Indians. The agricultural school at 
 Standing Rock is among his charges,, and there upward of eighty boys are 
 instructed each year. Bishop Marty is a man of great literary attainments and 
 has written several books of great merit. He is considered an authority on all 
 matters pertaining to Indian affairs, and will be much missed in his former field 
 for he is now Bishop of St. Cloud. Minnesota, however, gains a most valuable 
 acquisition to her citizens and her churchmen. 
 
 In the same alcove (53) was placed the work of eastern and of western 
 schools, those of Manchester, just commented upon, and those of Sioux 
 Falls, in far-away Dakota. 
 
 The class work differed but little from that of eastern pupils and the 
 needle-work not at all, if we except a few samples of bead-work. 
 
 The Ursuline Sisters were represented by the following schools:— 
 St. Rose’s Academy, in Sioux Falls, five volumes of Bible History, 
 compositions, geography, grammar, biographies, music, free-hand 
 drawing, arithmetic, algebra, geography, physiology and map draw¬ 
 ing ; St. Michael’s School, three volumes of Christian Doctrine, or¬ 
 thography, penmanship, arithmetic, letter writing, grammar, geogra¬ 
 phy, history, biography, Church History and map drawing; St. Law¬ 
 rence’s School, in Millbank, one volume of orthography, arithmetic, 
 letter writing, geography, Christian Doctrine, Sacred History, United 
 States history, grammar, object drawing, needle-work, specimens of 
 crochet work and two velvet cushions. 
 
 Aside from the general excellence of all these papers, the biogra¬ 
 phies showed special care and interest; the drawing had, evidently, been 
 a pleasure, and the letter writing a great improvement ; all the branches 
 of history were well handled and mathematics made a good showing. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Agnes and the Franciscan Sisters were each repre¬ 
 sented by the exhibit from one school; the former from Holy Family 
 School, Mitchell, two volumes of freehand drawing, grammar, arithme¬ 
 tic, book-keeping, algebra, Church History and United States history; 
 the latter from Sacred Heart Indian School, Pine Ridge, one album 
 letter writing, one album penmanship, specimens of plain needle-work, 
 knitting, crochet work, weaving, bead-work, embroidery, tidy, socks, 
 collars, child’s dress, velvet cushion and child’s sacque. 
 
 The Benedictine Sisters had, as usual, succeeded in making their 
 students good penmen, hence the work from their schools was beautiful 
 to the eye, even before the judgment had discovered other excellencies, 
 and they were as many as they were gratifying. The following list will 
 suggest them to the experienced teacher : From Immaculate Conception 
 Indian Mission, Stephan, two albums of spelling, arithmetic, letter writ¬ 
 ing and map drawing, one embroidered cushion; St. Martin’s School, 
 Sturgis, one volume of arithmetic, letter writing, geography, grammar, 
 penmanship and needle-work. Sacred Heart School. Yankton, five 
 books of geography, United States history, grammar, Christian Doctrine, 
 orthography, arithmetic and letter writing. 
 
 We all admire pretty penmanship, correct spelling, graceful diction 
 and good methods; these features were prominent in the above work. 
 
 When looking at our illustration of alcove 53, the reader will notice 
 that on the exterior wall of that alcove are several beautiful objects that 
 did not belong to the interior. The handsome vestment or Chasuble, 
 at the right, came from the Benedictine Academy of the Immaculate 
 Conception, Ferdinand, Indiana. Below the vestment are five pieces of 
 art intended to illustrate natural science; these were contributed by the 
 Sisters of Mercy of Pittsburg. On the left exterior wall, were five pieces 
 presented by the Brothers of Mary, who did not have room in five 
 alcoves for all their beautiful work. 
 
 The interior of alcove 53 was devoted—the left hand side to the Dio¬ 
 cese of Manchester; the rear wall and desk and a little of the right to 
 Sioux Falls ; the right wall and desk to the Benedictine display from 
 
Holy Angels’ Academy and from St. Paul’s School, Birmingham. Dio¬ 
 cese of Mobile, and the Benedictine display from St. Mary’s Academy, 
 Nauvoo, Diocese of Peoria, Ill. 
 
 The contributions from Holy Angels’ and from St. Paul’s Schools 
 have been commented upon in connection with the illustration of Mo¬ 
 bile exhibits. From St. Mary’s Benedictine Academy, Nauvoo, Ill., 
 Diocese of Peoria, came four volumes of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, 
 algebra, German translations, orthography, French translations, Latin, 
 botany, descriptive astronomy, grammar, photographs, specimens of free¬ 
 hand and map drawing. The papers in this collection were truly com¬ 
 mendable for neatness, order and method ; even more for accuracy and 
 thoroughness. 
 
 '©iocese of Mobile. 
 
 ‘•Every Catholic should contribute generously and cheerfully for a work 
 which, if properly supported, must result in great and far-reaching benefits to 
 the Church in the United States. To my mind it is impossible to exaggerate 
 the good that may come to the Church through a successful educational 
 
 This sentence is quoted from a letter of Rt. Rev. J. O Sullivan, D.D., 
 
 GOLD BULLION AND LACE WORK, VISITATION ACADEMY, MOBILE, ALA. 
 
 Bishop of Mobile, to Brother Maurelian, informing him that the schools of that 
 diocese would unite with the exhibits of Religious Teaching Orders. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Jeremiah O'Sullivan, fourth bishop of Mobile, was born at Kanturk, 
 County Cork, Ireland, about the year 1844, and while a student resolved to 
 become a priest. With this purpose in view, and a heart filled with zeal and 
 great expectations, he exiled himself from Erin at the early age of nine¬ 
 teen, and came to America to pursue his studies preparatory to ordin¬ 
 ation. After spending busy months in St. Charles' College, he passed to 
 the higher course of St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore. He was ordained by Arch¬ 
 bishop Spalding in June, 1868, and stationed for a time at Barnesville, Md. 
 For nine years he was pastor at Westernport, Md., where he erected a church 
 also a convent for the Sisters of St. Joseph. From this field, where he had 
 labored so long and so well, he was summoned to St. Peter's Church, Washing¬ 
 ton City, Md., where his zeal and devotedness made him deservedly popular and 
 widely known. He was consecrated for the See of Mobile in September, 1885, 
 and under his care the diocese has greatly increased in the number of churches, 
 priests and religious teachers. 
 
 From the far south, from the very coast of the great Gulf, came a 
 number of excellent exhibits. The Diocese of Mobile was represented 
 in the collective display of the Sisters of Loretto, who sent a very ex¬ 
 tensive, rich and handsome array of objects from St. Mary’s Academy, 
 Montgomery, Ala.; of the Sisters of Charity of Emmitsburg, Md., and 
 of the Brothers of the Sacred Heart, and the displays from her institu¬ 
 tions may be found described under; the several headings here men¬ 
 tioned. The Benedictine and {.he Visitation Nuns of the Diocese 
 of Mobile contributed to the Catholic Edu¬ 
 cational Exhibit as follows:—From the Aca¬ 
 demy of the Visitation, Summerville, in charge 
 of Sisters of the Visitation, two volumes 
 of Christian Doctrine, Sacred History, arithme¬ 
 tic, algebra, geometry; one volume United 
 States history, freehand drawing, one album 
 theory of music, water color, crayon, pastel 
 paintings, photographs and penmanship, gold 
 embroidery, embroidery in gold and silver bul¬ 
 lion, chenille embroidery, and specimens of 
 point-lace, Spanish drawn-work, silk embroid¬ 
 ery, linen embroidery, plain needle-work by 
 children under twelve years of age. From Holy 
 Angels’ Academy, Birmingham, in charge of 
 Benedictine Sisters, three volumes of Christian 
 Doctrine, Church History, penmanship, com¬ 
 positions, history, arithmetic, grammar, busi¬ 
 ness forms’, chemistry, astronomy, dictation, 
 music, language, United States history, geogra¬ 
 phy and map drawing. From St. Paul’s 
 School, in charge of Benedictine Sisters, one 
 volume of Sacred History, compositions, astro¬ 
 nomy, dictations, letters, geography, arithmetic, 
 language and spelling. 
 
 The Christian Doctrine was rendered in¬ 
 teresting, as well as important, and the Church 
 History was most intelligently handled. The 
 penmanship was good ; the compositions were 
 well expressed; nicely written and full of 
 thought; the papers on the various grammar 
 school branches compared favorably with the 
 best in the exhibit at large. The sciences had 
 been taught and learned in a practical way that 
 rendered a knowledge of them useful, as well 
 as agreeable. The papers on music, from both 
 institutions, were of a high grade, both as 
 to the science and art of music, and as to the 
 polished diction in which the facts were stated. 
 The crayon, pastel and water color paintings 
 from the Visitation Academy were deserving of 
 high commendation. 
 
 In alcoves 81 and 83 appeared exhibits so 
 rich, varied and commendable that every visi¬ 
 tor to the educational department paused to 
 look at them, and then wonder what manner 
 of men they might be who had succeeded in 
 winning from mere school boys such beauti- 
 (alcove no. 38.) ful and satisfactory work. 
 
 106 
 
Cfye Brothers of ttjc Sacreb fjeart. 
 
 The Institute of the Brothers of the Sacred Heart originated in 
 Lyons, France, in 1820. As is ever the case with the mighty works of 
 God, its beginning was humble; the Divine Master so loves to confound 
 the strong and to elevate the weak. There was no preconceived plan ; 
 circumstances, divinely bent and molded, conformed to the well-being 
 of the new community, secured its continued existence and increased 
 its prosperity, until, in a few short years a band of noble men, united 
 in the observance of one common la\v or “rule,” spread over France for 
 the care of youth, and for the salvation of their souls. 
 
 The life of Father Andr4 Coindre, the founder of the institute, was 
 
 voted to a special purpose for the attainment of which they were to 
 sacrifice everything that the flesh craves and in which it takes delight. 
 
 In 1846, Bishop Portier of Mobile requested the Superior of the In¬ 
 stitute to send a band of his brethren to labor in America. 
 
 On Jan. 13, 1847, five Brothers landed in Mobile, Ala., and took 
 charge of the Orphan Asylum. A novitiate was opened in the follow¬ 
 ing year, and numbers of pious young men entered it. The numbers 
 increasing, a more suitable location was desirable, and, circumstances 
 having prepared the way, the novitiate was transferred to White Sul¬ 
 phur, Ky., in 1868, but this point was abandoned, in 1870, giving the 
 community a permanent home in St. Joseph’s Institute, in the suburbs 
 of Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 j' 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 •V. 
 
 Ujk 
 
 
 
 
 US] 
 
 [HH| 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 50 
 
 1 15P 
 
 
 ■■L', 
 
 
 
 
 H' ' HI 
 
 EXHIBITS OF THE SCHOOLS OF THE BROTHE1 
 
 full of holy, delightful incidents, but we have not space for their rela¬ 
 tion here; suffice it to state that, in 1820, he induced a young man of 
 excellent parts to join him in teaching orphans. A few months later, 
 another young man offered to help in the good work, and, within one 
 year, the little community numbered eleven members. They made a 
 spiritual retreat in September, 1821, and Father Coindre himself in¬ 
 structed them and formed them to the peculiar spirit, requirements and 
 vocation of the new institute. Having conducted them to the sanctuary 
 of Our Lady of Fourviere, he celebrated mass there for them, and con¬ 
 secrated them in a very special and fervent way to the Blessed Virgin. 
 That was, in truth, the birthday of the Institute of the Brothers of the 
 Sacred Heart. With the rule of St. Augustine and the constitutions 
 of St. Ignatius, they began their labors as a fully organized body de- 
 
 OF THE SACRED HEART. (ALCOVE NO. 81.) 
 
 In time, however, the house in Indianapolis became a Normal Insti¬ 
 tute for the community and the novices were transferred to Arthabaska- 
 ville, Canada, where it now flourishes. 
 
 The Brothers have schools in several of the southern dioceses, Mo¬ 
 bile, New Orleans, Natchez and Savannah, also in the Diocese of Man¬ 
 chester and several in Canada. 
 
 The community in America numbers two hundred and ten professed 
 religious, and fifty novices. More than five thousand children attend 
 their schools and colleges in the United States. In .France, there are one 
 thousand Brothers teaching more than twenty-five thousand children. 
 
 Because Mobile was the cradle of the Institute, we have introduced 
 the subject of its exhibit in connection with the sketch and portrait of 
 Bishop O’Sullivan, who did not have a diocesan exhibit, yet merits 
 
 167 
 
special mention for his very special interest in the educational exhibit, 
 and his efforts to inspire enthusiasm in the hearts ot his religious teach¬ 
 ers who had been called upon to join in the collective exhibits of their 
 respective orders, and thus rendered it impossible for him to have a 
 diocesan display. 
 
 \\'e have illustrated the beautiful scenes presented in alcove 81 and 
 . 83, where the work of schools from seven dioceses was arrayed. 
 
 In commenting upon the diocesan exhibit of Natchez, we referred to 
 the extensive displays from the Cathedral School of Natchez and from 
 St. Stanislaus’ College, Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, both in charge of the 
 Brothers of the Sacred Heart. 
 
 Since the objects in these two collections' were of unusual merit, 
 beauty and value, we must beg the reader to turn back to the Diocese 
 of Natchez, and review our comments. 
 
 In addition to the work mentioned above, there were the following 
 exhibits: From the Diocese of New Orleans, St. Joseph’s Institute, Don- 
 aldsonville, six volumes : Penmanship, compositions, algebra, trigonom¬ 
 etry, arithmetic, grammar and photographs. St. Aloysius! Institute, 
 New Orleans, nine volumes of penmanship, examination papers, letter 
 writing, rhetoric, algebra, arithmetic, grammar, book-keeping, history, 
 geometry, French, Spanish, compositions, geography, map drawing, 
 Bible History and essays. Thibodeaux College, Thibodeaux, five vol¬ 
 umes of compositions, physics, algebra, phonography, book-keeping, 
 penmanship, French exercises, arithmetic, orthography, geography, map 
 drawing, trigonometry, surveying, one album linear and freehand draw¬ 
 ing and photographs. St. Aloysius’ Commercial College, Diocese of 
 Vicksburg, eleven albums algebra, ten albums history, physics and 
 geometry, nine albums mathematics, seventeen albums book-keeping, 
 twenty-three albums history, geography, grammar, sixteen albums rhe¬ 
 toric and civil government, sixteen albums of examination papers, four 
 albums Christian Doctrine and Bible History, fifteen albums Christian 
 Doctrine, one album phonography, one album arithmetic and grammar, 
 eighty-six miscellaneous exercises in the different studies, freehand, map 
 and mechanical drawing, pen-work, ornamental writing, photographs, 
 catalogue of college (framed). St. Patrick’s School, Augusta, Ga., Dio¬ 
 cese of Savannah, three volumes of penmanship, business forms,book¬ 
 keeping, grammar, arithmetic, examination papers, algebra, geometry, 
 United States history, letter writing, pen-work and catalogue of school. 
 St. John’s School, Indianapolis, Ind., Diocese of Vincennes, one volume 
 book-keeping and business forms and one volume graded penmanship ; 
 photographs. St. Patrick’s School, five volumes of business forms, 
 letter writing, arithmetic, geography, algebra, geometry, United States 
 history, pen-work and catalogue of the school. Cathedral School, Mo¬ 
 bile, Ala., Diocese of Mobile, two volumes of penmanship, compositions, 
 arithmetic, book-keeping and photographs. St. Vincent’s School, five 
 albums of map drawing, book-keeping, literature, penmanship, arithme¬ 
 tic, letter writing and exercises on miscellaneous studies. St. Vincent’s 
 Academy, Mobile, Ala., one framed specimen of writing, one framed 
 photograph and drawing. 
 
 When turning back to the Diocese of Natchez, the reader will do 
 well to look, also, for the exhibit from the Diocese of Manchester to 
 which the Brothers of the Sacred Heart contributed displays from St. 
 Augustine’s Academy, Manchester, and from St. Aloysius’ School, 
 Nashua, N. II. 
 
 The twenty volumes from various localities in the Diocese of New 
 Orleans contained most admirable papers on the branches mentioned i:i 
 the lists. In looking them over one felt that the venerable Archdiocese 
 and the city of revered catholic memories was fittingly represented by 
 such work, and had reason to be proud of it. How orderly and meth¬ 
 odical the exercises in mathematics, how faultless the neatly written 
 compositions, what a thorough knowledge of grammar and rhetoric they 
 showed ; how clear and systematic the pages of book-keeping and the 
 specimens of business forms — every subject had been treated of in a 
 creditable manner, and every task requiring skillful handling had been 
 executed with utmost care. 
 
 The excellent exercises in French and Spanish were full of promise 
 of future proficiency and delightful usefulness. 
 
 The Vicksburg display being in pamphlets made a brilliant appear¬ 
 ance, and individualized the work, each pupil being represented by his 
 own set of albums. This exhibit was of an exceedingly meritorious 
 character from first to last, and as the list shows, it was very com¬ 
 prehensive; all the branches of a thorough college course were re¬ 
 
 presented, most worthily, too; and it was a pleasure to the experi¬ 
 enced teacher to turn the leaves of those neat albums, and to discover, 
 on every page, the perfection of excellent work. W e might with full and 
 perfect justice repeat the above expressions in commenting upon the 
 work from the Dioceses of Vincennes, Savannah and Mobile. 
 
 Cfye (£olloctioe (Exhibits of tfje Brothers of BTary. 
 
 The Society of Mary was founded at Bordeaux, France, on the 2d 
 of October, in 1817, by the Very Rev. William Joseph Chaminade, Mis¬ 
 sionary Apostolic and Honorary Canon of the Metropolitan Church of 
 Bordeaux. In 1860, the Mother House, or seat of general administra¬ 
 tion, was transferred from Bordeaux to Paris, hence the distinctive name 
 of the Institute, “Society of Mary of Paris.” 
 
 The original community comprised seven members, with Auguste 
 Pinier as Superior. They adopted no special habit, but sought com¬ 
 plete retirement from the knowledge of the world, not calling each other 
 “ Brother ” even, lest it should make them remarkable, and using the 
 simple title of “ Monsieur, ” when addressing' each other. The symbol 
 of their consecration to the religious life was a gold ring, the only out¬ 
 ward token of their dignity. 
 
 There are priests and brothers in the association, having for their 
 aim personal sanctification and the education of youth. From its 
 humble beginning, the Institute, like the mustard seed, Deo favente, has 
 grown, developed and spread far and wide its noble branches. Father 
 Currier tells us in his “ History of Religious Orders,” to which we are 
 indebted for the sketches we have given throughout this publication, 
 that the Society has taken deepest root in Alsace. 
 
 The Brothers of Mary, as they are modestly called, were introduced 
 into the United States in 1849, and in December of the same year, took 
 charge of the Holy Trinity School, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 The Superior of the American branch was, at that time, the Vener¬ 
 able Father Leo Meyer. In March, 1850, he purchased a property in 
 the vicinity of Dayton, Ohio, where he established the Central House for 
 America, opened a college known as St. Mary’s Institute, and met with 
 such success that very soon the Brothers had charge of thirty-five 
 schools in nine dioceses, and were to be found even in Winnipeg, Can¬ 
 ada, also in charge of three flourishing institutions in the Sandwich 
 
 VERY R1CV. WILLIAM JOSErH CHAMINADE. 
 
 168 
 
Islands, St. Louis’ College in Honolulu being the most prominent. 
 The American Province claims three hundred members, nearly all 
 of whom are engaged in teaching, with what signal success their exhi¬ 
 bits at the World’s Fair testified. 
 
 We have had occasion already to refer to samples of this work, in 
 describing the San Francisco exhibit, to which the Brothers of Mary, 
 located in that city and in charge of St. Joseph’s Grammar School, con¬ 
 tributed an exceedingly handsome display. This was remarkable, prin¬ 
 cipally for the relief maps regarding which there were so many lauda¬ 
 tory remarks, though, in truth, the entire exhibit from St. Joseph’s mer¬ 
 ited the highest commendations. 
 
 The Brotherhood contributed, likewise, to the Diocesan exhibits of 
 
 were nineteen volumes of grammar, rhetoric, composition, literature, 
 United States history, map drawing, geography, commercial law, busi¬ 
 ness forms; of student’s work: Arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigon¬ 
 ometry, physics, chemistry (actual laboratory work), three volumes 
 book-keeping (actual business practice), one volume typewriting, two 
 volumes of phonography, three volumes of penmanship, one volume 
 pen drawing, one volume color studies, four volumes freehand drawing, 
 one volume landscapes, seventeen large architectural drawings (actual 
 measurement), twenty large crayon drawings, six water colors from still 
 life, five crayon drawings from cast, twenty-two water-color studies, one 
 large linear drawing (lavis). The normal work comprised ten draw¬ 
 ings ; “ Our Father ” and “ In Memoriam ”: pen drawings by members 
 
 Pittsburg, Chicago, Cleveland, Covington, New Orleans. New York and 
 San Francisco, and their contributions have been described in connec¬ 
 tion with the displays from those cities. 
 
 In their collective exhibit, as it appeared in alcoves 89, 91, 93, 95 
 and 55, there were contributions from the Dioceses ot Cincinnati, San 
 Antonio, Baltimore and Columbus, in our country ; from Canada and 
 from the Sandwich Islands, outside of the United States. 
 
 In alcoves 89 and 91 (see illustrations) were the extensive displays 
 from St. Mary’s Institute and Convent (Normal Department), Dayton, 
 Ohio, Diocese of Cincinnati. This being the Central House in the 
 United States, the work was especially representative, showing char¬ 
 acteristics to be recognized in each collection ot work that was pre¬ 
 pared under the Brothers’ direction. From St. Mary’s Institute, there 
 
 of the faculty ; set of catalogues ; set of photographs : Buildings, classes, 
 laboratories, societies, sodalities, etc., by members of the faculty; a 
 grand course of linear drawing. From the Preparatory Normal School 
 of St. Mary’s Convent came normal work that included sixty-two speci¬ 
 mens of floral environs with description, seventy specimens of penman¬ 
 ship, thirty pen drawings, fifty crayon outlines from the cast, thirty-two 
 crayon drawings from the flat, eight crayon drawings from the object, 
 thirty-one crayon drawings from the cast, six crayons from relief, three 
 pastel drawings, five charcoal drawings, six water colors from still life, 
 six water-color studies (copied), six etchings, fifteen specimens of auto¬ 
 matic pen-work, three topographical maps (actual surveys), four archi¬ 
 tectural drawings (actual measurement), twenty-seven mechanical meas¬ 
 urement, four architectural drawings (actual measurement), three 
 
mechanical drawings' (lavis), two architectural drawings perspective 
 (actual measurement), orders of architecture Constructed from scale, 
 seven gothic constructions, one relief map of St. Mary’s Institute grounds 
 (actual surveys). Students’ work: Three volumes Christian Doctrine, 
 three volumes Bible History and Church History, six volumes English 
 and German compositions and commercial law, six volumes English and 
 
 surveys made by the pupils), three volumes linear drawing (actual 
 measurement), five volumes freehand drawing, six volumes penmanship, 
 ' pen drawing (original and copied), one volume conventional drawings 
 from flower forms (in original designs), one volume isometrical 
 drawings and parallel perspective, one volume angular perspective, 
 one volume repertory of music performed by the faculty and pupils 
 
 :ROT HER 
 
 (Ijf qotaii I — vlclj hlCt/cr 
 >i» Itjou uuiwot S(|iitni! 
 
 ARTISTIC PEN-WORK WITH TRIBUTE TO BROTHER MAURELIAN FROM THE BROTHERS OF MARY, DAYTON, O. 
 
 German dictations, exercises and grammar, one volume rhetoric and 
 literature, one volume United States history, ancient history and gen¬ 
 eral geography, one volume mediaeval history, five volumes book-keep¬ 
 ing (actual business practice), three volumes physics, one volume chem¬ 
 istry, nine volumes arithmetic, geography and geometry, one volume 
 trigonometry, one volume surveying and leveling (comprising actual 
 
 of the preparatory normal school, examination papers on the principles 
 of music, original compositions, melodies written from memory, one 
 volume sepia painting, one ecclesiastical map of the United States, 
 normal work by members of the faculty and specimens of blue printing. 
 
 What can any one’s comments add to the impression made by that 
 magnificent list? The students’ work is the harmonious outcome of 
 
 170 
 
the splendid array of normal work. When teachers are thus competent, 
 pupils must learn, in spite of themselves; study will be made attrac¬ 
 tive and to learn will be one of life’s sweetest delights. Ah, those mathe¬ 
 matical exercises! Those problems in arithmetic and algebra, those 
 demonstrations in geometry and trigonometry—how beautifully they 
 were written out, according to a systematic arrangement that left one no 
 freedom as to whether he would understand or not. 
 
 The business forms of every variety, the results of actual, business 
 practice, were a joy to those possessed of the commercial spirit, or of 
 business instincts. How great the array of art specimens;—who shall 
 measure the extent of their refining influence, or gauge the power of 
 beauty and usefulness their creation has given to those who produced 
 
 Besides St. Mary’s Institute, the Brothers of Mary have charge of 
 the Holy Trinity and the Emmanuel parish schools in Dayton. The 
 former presented one volume of grammar, three volumes of German 
 and English compositions, one volume penmanship, one volume maps, 
 five volumes freehand drawing, one volume linear drawing. The latter 
 sent one volume English and German compositions, letter writing, 
 three volumes arithmetic and mensuration, one volume map drawing, 
 two volumes freehand drawing, one hundred specimens freehand 
 drawing, one volume language, four copy books specimens of class 
 work, six copy books specimens of penmanship. It was particularly 
 pleasing to see such beautiful specimens of drawing coming from parish 
 schools. 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 * 1 
 
 
 , I 
 
 Or 
 
 EXHIBITS OF PREPARATORY NORMAL INSTITUTE, DAYTON, O. (ALCOVE NO. 5)1.) 
 
 them ancl who have acquired the skill to multiply them. The pen- 
 work in both displays, the normal and the students’, was indescribably 
 beautiful. As a sample of it, we give a reproduction of the testimonial 
 sent from this house to Brother Maurelian, as a token of regard and of 
 gratitude for his interest in the exhibits of the Brothers of Mary. 
 This exquisite piece has a double significance to enhance its value; its 
 perfection as a specimen of ornamental pen-work, and its indication of 
 a spirit of generous disregard of rivalry and of a desire to give honor 
 where honor is due, though the donors and the recipient are of differ¬ 
 ent religious congregations. 
 
 Note the nature of the contributions from both departments, remem¬ 
 bering that each was as near perfection as human effort can bring such 
 work. 
 
 From the Diocese of Baltimore were sent the following excellent 
 exhibits: St. Martin’s Academy presented three volumes of spelling, 
 penmanship, dictations, letters and compositions; one volume map 
 drawing; two volumes typewriting; eighteen charts of drawing, fifty- 
 seven volumes book-keeping, sixteen volumes compositions. St. James’ 
 School, twelve albums of English and German grammar, spelling, 
 English and German compositions, translations, English and German 
 penmanship, arithmetic, business forms, five volumes elementary draw¬ 
 ing and eighty-three specimens freehand drawing. St. Michael’s 
 School, twelve volumes of arithmetic, business forms, English and 
 German composition, English and German language lessons, English 
 and German spelling, English and German penmanship, English and 
 German dictations. 
 
 171 
 
Here again were beautiful drawings from the pupils of a parochial 
 school, and everything else was in keeping with it, particularly the 
 penmanship and the double lessons in language, German and English. 
 
 The Chicago displays have been described under that heading,, and 
 in connection with St. Michael’s School and St. Francis’ School lor 
 boys, so also have the four exhibits from Cleveland and those from Cov¬ 
 ington and New Orleans. Cincinnati was represented by contributions 
 from St. Mary’s and St. Joseph’s parochial schools. The former 
 made a fine showing of bound work, ten volumes in all, compris¬ 
 ing English and German grammar, compositions, letter writing, 
 translations, dictations, practical arithmetic, United States history, 
 mensuration, intellectual arithmetic, geography, algebra, penmanship, 
 
 Ohio was still further represented by a contribution from Holy Cross 
 School, Columbus, Ohio, Diocese of Columbus. Two volumes of lan¬ 
 guage, grammar, one volume orthography, one volume geography, two 
 volumes United States history, two volumes maps, five volumes free¬ 
 hand drawing, Christian Doctrine, one volume autobiographies of 
 pupils. The autobiographies of the pupils were exceedingly well in¬ 
 vented and very nicely expressed. 
 
 The admirable display of relief maps sent from the Diocese of San 
 Francisco have been described elsewhere. 
 
 The fifty specimens of large crayon drawings, also the extensive dis¬ 
 play of class work from St. Alphonsus’ School, New Orleans, and the rich 
 and varied exhibits from St. John’s and Our Lady of Sorrows, in New 
 
 EXHIBITS OF ST. MARY’S COLLEGE, SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, AND ST. 
 
 and four volumes freehand drawing. The latter sent one volume 
 Christian Doctrine, five volumes of English and German compositions, 
 letters, three volumes English and German dictations, one volume busi¬ 
 ness letters, two volumes general class work, one volume United States 
 history, geography, four volumes freehand drawing, one volume linear 
 drawing, map drawing ; thirty specimens large crayon drawings and 
 sixty specimens of English and German penmanship. 
 
 The compositions and the letters were most praiseworthy, as was 
 also the general class work. The sixty specimens of penmanship were 
 given in an attractive and ornamental style which made them almost as 
 beautiful as the crayon drawings of which there was such a large num¬ 
 ber, all skillfully executed. 
 
 LOUIS’ COLLEGE, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANliS. (ALCOVE NO. 93.) 
 
 York, will be noted in connection with the diocesan exhibits from those 
 cities. St. Michael’s of Pittsburg and St. Mary’s of Allegheny will be 
 found noted with the display from the Diocese of Pittsburg. 
 
 The most interesting feature of this collective exhibit was the work 
 from the Hawaiian Islands representing: St. Mary’s School, Hilo, one 
 volume of penmanship, pen drawing, one volume general class work, 
 twelve specimens freehand drawing, ten maps of the Hawaiian Islands, 
 and from St. Louis’ College, Honolulu, five volumes of compositions, 
 arithmetic, algebra and trigonometry, two volumes freehand drawing, 
 one volume geography, one volume map drawing, one volume penman¬ 
 ship, twenty pen drawings, two large water-color scenes. Normal work, 
 one large oil painting (“Burning of Lake Kilauea.”) Catholic Mission, 
 
Wailuku, one volume of class work and elementary drawing, one vol¬ 
 ume penmanship, twenty-five specimens freehand drawing and one 
 photograph of professors and pupils. 
 
 There was a great charm about those papers written in a clime and 
 under a sky so different from ours. The school work did not differ 
 much, however, as to method and production. The ten maps of the 
 Hawaiian Islands were a delightful study for the visitor to alcove 93, 
 so too were the scenes painted in water colors and the crayon drawings 
 and pictures in pen-work, subjects savoring of an atmosphere new to 
 him. 
 
 The oil painting of “The Burning Lake of Kilauea” was a remarka¬ 
 ble piece, its glowing hues attracting the gaze and its weird character- 
 
 ship. St. Mary’s College, normal work, one set of photographs of build¬ 
 ings, classes, societies and picnic views, by a member of the faculty. 
 Ten volumes language, orthography, composition, letter writing, gram¬ 
 mar, United States history, geography, arithmetic, penmanship, litera¬ 
 ture, algebra, geometry, book-keeping, trigonometry, chemistry, 
 physics, physiology. One volume penmanship, one volume book¬ 
 keeping, five volumes object drawing, map drawing, physical geography, 
 one volume linear drawing (actual measurement), one volume short¬ 
 hand, one volume typewriting and one set of photographs. 
 
 In all these exhibits, mathematical exercises were presented in the 
 clearest and most systematic of ways; the natural and physical sciences 
 were beautifully illustrated; the language lessons, from the primary 
 
 ftt 
 
 "2 IF 
 
 
 i 11 a# 
 
 
 figiyt 
 
 ■ ill 
 I II 
 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM PARISH SCHOOLS IN VARIOUS 
 
 istics holding the attention rapt. Our illustration of the alcove where 
 this picture hung reproduces it with forcible reality. 
 
 In the same compartment with some of the Hawaiian work was 
 the interesting exhibit from St. Mary’s School, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 
 Canada, one volume grammar, one volume dictation, one volume com¬ 
 positions, two volumes arithmetic, three volumes penmanship, thirty- 
 five specimens of linear drawing and one volume freehand drawing. 
 Many visitors were pleased to examine these papers and drawings, in 
 order to judge of the boasted Canada schools, nor did they disappoint 
 anyone, but held their own beside Uncle Sam and all the others. 
 
 In the same alcove (93) with the Honolulu contributions were two 
 from the Diocese and city of San Antonio, Texas, viz.: - San Fernando 
 School, one volume general class work, English and Spanish penman- 
 
 PARTS OP THE UNITED STATES. (ALCOVE NO. 95.) 
 
 dictation exercises to rhetoric, and from prose to poetry, were admira¬ 
 bly conducted; history and geography were presented in accordance 
 with the best methods, and literature was given the prominence it 
 deserves while being kept within the bounds its proper use demands. 
 The oil paintings, pen-work and drawings made a most beautiful dis¬ 
 play, as may be seen, with some degree of accuracy, from our illustra¬ 
 tions. 
 
 ttbe JBisbop of San Sntonto, fleras. 
 
 Rt. Rev. J. C. Neraz, second bishop of San Antonio, was born on the 12th 
 of January, 1828, at Ause, in the' Department of the Rhone, France. Having 
 acquired the rudiments of his education near his home, he entered the diocesan 
 seminary of St. Jodard, but followed his philosophical course at Alix, a branch 
 
 i7a 
 
of the great Seminary of Ly¬ 
 ons, and completed his theology 
 with the Sulpicians at Lyons. 
 
 His zealous soul was attrac¬ 
 ted by the devoted life of the 
 missionary priest, hence he 
 came to the United States in 
 1852, and was ordained sub¬ 
 deacon by Bishop Odin, on the 
 28th of September, receiving 
 the holy order of the priest¬ 
 hood on the 19th of March in 
 the following year. At that 
 time the parish of Nacog¬ 
 doches, in Eastern Texas, com¬ 
 prised all the northeastern part 
 of the state as far as the Red 
 River; this was the charge 
 given to the young priest, and 
 there he labored for ten years, 
 with an ardor such as is un¬ 
 known in our day because there 
 is no call for it, Being trans¬ 
 ferred to Liberty County in 
 1864, he worked there in the 
 southern part of the state with all the zeal that had distinguished him from 
 the first, and at the end of two years he was transferred to San Antonio, but 
 in September of that year went to Laredo, where he completed a convent that 
 had been commenced before his arrival and built the present church. 
 
 In 1873, he was recalled to San Antonio to become pastor of St. Fernando's 
 
 Church, and when San Antonio was erected into a diocese, he became the 
 Vicar-General to Bishop Pellicer. When that venerable prelate died, Father 
 Neraz succeeded him being consecrated on May the 8th, and being in time for 
 the Third Council of Baltimore in 1884. 
 
 The diocese has now sixty-three priests and seventy-one churches, with a 
 Catholic population of sixty-five thousand. Bishop Neraz took a very warm 
 and efficient interest in the Catholic Educational Exhibit for which reason we 
 wish td honor him in this publication. 
 
 Cfje (Exhibits of tlje Sisters of Gravity of Hazard!?. 
 
 We give a very distinct and admirable illustration of alcove No. 54 
 in which was arranged the display from the institutions located in 
 Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and in charge of the Sisters of Charity of Naz¬ 
 areth. 
 
 “Pine Bluff was,” as one of its own citizens stated, “very fortunate 
 in being represented by work from such splendid institutions as the 
 Annunciation Academy and the Colored Industrial School.” 
 
 Pine Bluff is in the Diocese of Little Rock, Ark., and the Sisters in 
 charge of its Catholic schools are from the Diocese of Louisville, Ky. 
 
 The Annunciation Academy presented to the exhibit eight volumes 
 of class exercises and examinations, also numerous specimens of art. 
 
 The Christian Doctrine papers were replete with evidences of a 
 thorough mastery of the subject, so far as pupils are permitted to handle 
 it. The algebra, arithmetic and geometry papers were models of 
 
 an 
 
 RT. REV. J. C. N.iREZ. O.P. 
 
 
 
 EXHIEU' OF BROTHERS OF MARY, PARISH SCHOOLS FROM VARIOUS PARTS OF THE UNITED STATES, WINNIPEG, AND HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. (ALCOVE NO. 55.) 
 
 174 
 
mathematical clearness and good order, while the language exercises, 
 object lessons, grammar and rhetoric were, evidently, the well pre¬ 
 pared basis of intelligent conversations and of the excellent composi¬ 
 tions. History, literature and mythology were treated of in a man¬ 
 ner that proved them to have been for the pupils the source of the 
 many profound and many bright ideas we found expressed in the 
 essays and other literary exercises. The display included the follow¬ 
 ing collection: — One volume essays, one volume book-keeping, one 
 volume freehand drawing and map drawing, nine volumes Christian 
 Doctrine, geography, grammar, United States history, orthography, 
 modern and ancient history, arithmetic, algebra, typewriting steno¬ 
 graphy, natural philosophy, geology, chemistry, mythology, botany, 
 rhetoric, logic, astronomy, five albums specimens of botany, one chart 
 
 crystal pearl paintings were almost alone in their beauty, only two 
 other exhibits showed anything of the kind. 
 
 Some of the specimens of embroidery, of which there was such an 
 elegant array, are visible in the picture of alcove 54, but one needed to 
 handle the pieces of needle-work to fully appreciate their loveliness. 
 
 Of the schools for Indian children (in charge of Catholic religious 
 teachers) there were eight represented in the Educational Exhibit, 
 viz. .-—Several in the Diocese of Sioux Falls, one in each of these places, 
 in Bernalillo, N. M., in Ranselaer, Ind., in Tucker, Miss., in Harbor 
 Springs, Mich., and in Keshena Reservation, Wis. 
 
 Among the schools for colored children were: St. Joseph’s, St. Augus¬ 
 tine, Fla. ; St. Peter Claver’s, Lexington, Ky.; St. Rose’s Bay, St. Louis, 
 Miss.; St. Joseph’s, Natchez, Miss., and St. Benedict’s, Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM ANNUNCIATION ACADEMY, AND COLORED INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL OF PINE BLUFF. TAUGHT BY SISTERS OF CHARITY OF NAZARETH. (ALCOVE NO. 54.) 
 
 studies and names of pupils, twenty-two plain drawings and three 
 crayon drawings, seventeen oil paintings, one Polish painting, three 
 crystal pearl paintings, one pastel, thirty-nine specimens of embroid¬ 
 ery, one chart of Pine Bluff and environs and one catalogue of academy. 
 
 The commercial branches, book-keeping, typewriting and stenogra 
 phy had been carefully taught, the pupils were well equipped for busi¬ 
 ness situations. 
 
 The natural and physical sciences were presented in very good style, 
 with excellent illustrations, the botanical, of which there was a large 
 collection, were especially well preserved and classified. 
 
 The reader can form some idea from our illustration of the crayon 
 pictures and the many oil paintings presented in this display. The 
 
 “ The most remarkable of the schools for colored children,” says the 
 Final Report , “ was the Colored Industrial Institute of Pine Bluff, Ark. 
 There was no exhibition of work from colored children at the World’s 
 Fair to compare with it.” 
 
 The following array of exhibits, varied and comprehensive, distin¬ 
 guished also for educational features not to be surpassed by the work 
 of white children] does credit alike to the Rev. Pastor and to the Sis¬ 
 ters of Nazareth, under whose supervision the display was prepared. It 
 comprised two volumes arithmetic, two volumes geography : two vol¬ 
 umes United States history, grammar and popular science, one volume 
 map drawing, one volume book-keeping and one volume orthography. 
 Sixty-five specimens of industrial work, viz.: ten specimens of dress- 
 
 173 
 

 ' - ; k 
 
 ■ r V ' £m 
 
 fck.- • _-_ | 
 
 TfT. REV. JOHN J. HOGAN, D.T). 
 
 making, six boys’ wear, four men’s wear, five drawn work, four knitted, 
 work, seven crochet work, three darning, four embroidery, twenty-two 
 plain sewing; two geographical maps, one photo of Bishop Fitzgerald, 
 one photo of directors, one Scott's album with 100 photographs of 
 churches, schools and clergy of Arkansas, and illustrated description of 
 Nazareth, the Mother House of the Sisters of Charity, three hundred 
 catalogues, twenty ‘‘Historical Sketch” of the Catholic Church in 
 Arkansas, from 1541 to 1892, one chart of studies and names of pupils. 
 
 ^iocese of K ansa S ©itf. 
 
 John J. Hogan was born in County Limerick, Ireland, on May 10th, 1829. 
 From his home in the Parish of Bruff he was sent to the Holy Cross School in a 
 neighboring village, when he was only five years of age. Having reached his 
 tenth year in good health and with a visible taste for study, he was supplied with 
 a private tutor in his father's house, and there acquired his rudiments in Latin, 
 French and Greek. Then he was given four years in certain classical schools, 
 after which he came to America, entered a theological seminary in the Diocese of 
 St. Louis, Mo., and was ordained priest in April, 1852. 
 
 From Old Mines, his first mission, where he had spent a year and a half, he 
 was transferred to Potosi, where he was pastor. The year 1854 found him fulfill¬ 
 ing in St. Louis, at St. John's Church, the duties of an assistant to the pastor, 
 of chaplain to the male orphan asylum and of confessor to the Sisters. 
 
 A new parish having been organized and given into his care, he erected a new 
 church, under the patronage of St. Matthew, and soon after constructed suitable 
 buildings for a parochial school. 
 
 Leaving his well organized parish, the work of his best years and greatest 
 activity, he went cheerfully to a wide district of country in the northwestern 
 part of Missouri, which being without priest or altar, required the services of 
 one animated by the most fervent zeal. The fruits of his resolute piety were soon 
 visible in the missions founded by him at Martinsburg, Mexico, Sturgeon, 
 Allen, Macon City. Brookfield, Chillieothe and Cameron. 
 
 The only defeat that his zeal met was caused by the Civil War. He had un¬ 
 dertaken to establish a settlement in southern Missouri on the borders of Ark¬ 
 ansas, but the spot was in the pathway of the conflicting armies which trampled 
 out the existence of his village, scattering its peaceful inhabitants. 
 
 When, in 1868, Pope Pius IX. erected the new See of St. Joseph in MisLDiiri, 
 Father Hogan was appointed its first Bishop. His consecration, at the hands of 
 Archbishop Kenrick, took place on September 13th, 1868. The ceremony in 
 which Rt. Rev. J. B. Miege and Rt. Rev. P. A. Feehan were the assisting 
 bishops was performed in St. John's Church, St. Louis ; the eloquent sermon 
 preached on the occasion was delivered by Rt. Rev. J. Hennessy of Dubuque. 
 
 At this time, Bishop Hogan's diocese contained only four thousand Catholics, 
 eleven churches and nine priests, with only two religious orders, the Ladies of 
 
 the Sacred Heart and the Brothers of the Christian Schools, to establish edu¬ 
 cational institutions. 
 
 The zeal and earnestness of the Bishop gave a new impetus to the current of 
 Catholic affairs ; the number of priests increased, new churches arose, several 
 other religious orders entered the diocese. In 1880, when Bishop Hogan was 
 transferred to the newly erected Diocese of Kansas City, though still retaining 
 the administration of the Diocese of St. Joseph, the progress of the latter 
 was marked by its having thirty churches, twenty-six priests, and schools in 
 charge of Benedictines and Franciscans (both monks and nuns), of Sisters of 
 Charity, of Sisters of St. Joseph and Sisters of Perpetual Adoration, while the 
 former diocese boasted forty-two churches, thirty priests and a Catholic popu¬ 
 lation of twelve thousand. Bishop Hogan has always been remarkable for his 
 zeal for the Catholic education of the little ones of his flock. 
 
 The Diocese of Kansas City, Mo., enjoys the services of the Do¬ 
 minican, Jesuit, Redemptorist and Vincentian priests, of Sisters 
 of St. Benedict, of St. Dominic, of St. Joseph, of Charity, of Provi¬ 
 dence, of Good Shepherd, of Mercy, of Loretto, of the Incarnate Word, 
 of the Precious Blood, of St. Francis, of the Little Sisters of the Poor and 
 of the Christian Brothers. 
 
 Its churches number seventy and its priests sixty-one; in its Catho¬ 
 lic institutions are educated a yearly average of four thousand four 
 hundred and eighty-seven pupils. This diocese was represented at the 
 V orld’s Fair by exhibits from three academies and commercial schools 
 and three parish schools, whose exhibits were as follows: Sacred 
 Heart Academy, Sisters of Providence, two volumes: Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, music, arithmetic, geography, history, orthography and gram¬ 
 mar. St. Teresa’s Academy, Sisters of St. Joseph, three volumes: 
 Christian Doctrine, geometry, logic, botany, book-keeping, chemistry, 
 geology, physiology, original drafts of quarterly examinations. An¬ 
 nunciation School, Sisters of Charity, B. V. M„, one volume: Maps, 
 sketches, mensuration, arithmetic and diagramming sentences. St, Jo¬ 
 seph’s Cathedral, Christian Brothers, two volumes : Christian Docti’ine, 
 Bible History, five volumes book-keeping, four volumes penmanship, 
 one volume grammar, one volume each: Commercial law, composi¬ 
 tions, mensuration, algebra, map drawing, United States history, and 
 mathematics. St. Patrick’s School, Sisters of Loretto, four volumes: 
 Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, United States history, geo- 
 graphy, letterwriting, compositions, general history, physics, geology, 
 physiology, astronomy, specimens of penmanship and business forms. 
 St, Vincent’s School, Sedalia, Mo., Sisters of Divine Providence, two 
 books of essays. 
 
 MT. REV. FfiANCIS JANSSENS, D.D. 
 
"pi)e s^rcbflioce§e of (f)rleans, 
 
 ‘j i v 
 
 I HE early history of the Church in Louisiana is full of strange 
 p | incidents; discord, dissension and strife darken its pages. 
 These unhappy conditions, united with political disturbances, caused 
 by the transference of Louisiana from one European power to 
 another, created a state of affairs without parallel in the history of the 
 Church in America. 
 
 Not having space for the recital of the long story of misfortune and 
 struggle, we pass over the administrations of Bishop Pefialver, of Vicar- 
 General Olivier, of Bishop Dubourg, of Bishop Rosati and of Bishop 
 Neckere. 
 
 The Rt. Rev. Antoine Blanc had been recommended by Bishop 
 Neckere as a suitable occupant of the office of coadjutor, but he de¬ 
 clined to receive the appointment, even returning the official notifica¬ 
 tion to the Pope; however, his reluctance was overcome and, on Bishop 
 Neckero’s death, he was consecrated for the vacant See on Nov. 22, 
 1835. 
 
 Full of energy, tempered by a prudent zeal, he continued the 
 spiritual restoration begun by Bishop Dubourg. Thousands ap¬ 
 proached the sacraments, which had been almost totally neglected. 
 
 At this time, Louisiana belonged to the United States and had begun 
 to enjoy that political tranquility which contributes to religious, as well 
 as to civil progress. A diocesan synod, in 1844, gave a new impetus to 
 religious affairs; the number of churches and of priests increased, and 
 the evil results of dissensions were effaced. 
 
 In response to the recommendation of the Seventh Council of Balti¬ 
 more, New Orleans was created an Archiepiscopal See, on July 19,1850. 
 The meeting of the provincial council, in 1856, composed of the Arch¬ 
 bishop of New Orleans and his four suffragan bishops, was an imposing 
 evidence of the great change for the better which had been inaugurated 
 by the earnest and holy metropolitan who had convened the assembly. 
 
 Archbishop Blanc having been crippled by some accident attendant 
 upon one of his apostolic journeys, died suddenly at his residence, in 
 New Orleans, June 20, 1860. Faithfully had he labored ; unflinchingly 
 had he met every difficulty and with a strong hand had he put down 
 strife and upheld authority and justice. His generous self-devotion 
 was rewarded by an abundant harvest wherever he had scattered 
 seed. “The Diocese of New Orleans at that time,” says John Gilmary 
 O’Shea, “comprised only that part of Louisiana south of the thirty- 
 first degree, yet there were nearly a hundred priests and, outside 
 the city of New Orleans, there were fifty churches and chapels, the 
 city having twenty-one churches.” 
 
 To aid the secular clergy, there were Jesuits, Redemptorists, Lazar- 
 ists and priests of the Holy Cross. Schools and academies flourished 
 under the care of the Ursulines, the Ladies of the Sacred Heart, the 
 School Sisters of Notre Dame, Sisters of Charity, of Mt. Carmel, and of 
 Holy Cross. 
 
 Archbishop Blanc was succeeded by Bishop Odin of Galveston, 
 Texas, who evinced in his new field the same zeal and energy that he 
 had shown in the former one. In the midst of his wise improvements, 
 came the Civil War, to make desolate the land that had seemed so pro¬ 
 mising. Louisiana became the scene of many a battle, many an en¬ 
 gagement on land and water, and her people were given over to other 
 thoughts than those of piety and prayer and to other plans than those 
 of religious progress. The Catholic clergy and the members of religious 
 communities were not found wanting in the State’s dire hour of need, 
 the wounded and the dying could testify to that. 
 
 When peace came, the labor of restoration began; the Archbishop 
 made gigantic efforts to re-establish religious institutions and also to 
 create new ones, such as schools for the freedmen, so ignorant, but 
 waiting so eagerly to be taught. 
 
 Having gone to Rome to attend the Vatican Council, Archbishop 
 Odin never returned. From Rome, he had gone to visit Ambierle, his 
 native place in France, and there, his health failing, he remained until 
 his death, which took place soon after, on May 25,1870. In the mean¬ 
 time, Rt. Rev. N. Perche had been consecrated co-adjutor, and now suc¬ 
 ceeded to the vacant See. The Archdiocese was visited, in 1878, by 
 that fatal epidemic, the Yellow Fever, which gave occasion for the exer¬ 
 cise of the noblest heroism, on the part of the clergy and the religious 
 
 women of the church. Many laid down their lives for the afflicted 
 creatures who had been forsaken by their nearest relatives. 
 
 The Archdiocese owes to Most Rev. N. Perche, the presence within 
 its limits of the contemplative community of Carmelite Nuns, and the 
 foundation of two colleges, the Thibodeaux and St. Mary’s. 
 
 Archbishop Perche’s energy, sound judgment and learned eloquence 
 caused Leo XIII. to call him “ a second Bossuet.” His kindness of 
 heart and other generous qualities made his people as fond, as they 
 were proud of him, hence his death, on December 27, 1883, was the oc¬ 
 casion of profound grief throughout the extensive Archdiocese, not 
 only among the clergy who knew him intimately, but among the people, 
 even those who had seldom seen him. 
 
 Archbishop Leray succeeded to the burdensome honor of governing 
 the church of New Orleans, and of directing the many important affairs 
 of the extensive Archdiocese. He was one of the most highly esteemed 
 of the Prelates who assembled for the Third Plenary Council of Balti¬ 
 more. 
 
 In 1887, Archbishop Leray, his health failing seriously, went to 
 Europe to regain it. Having visited Rome for the purpose of having an 
 audience with His Holiness, he then went to his native place in France, 
 where he died in September of that year (1887), surrounded by his 
 kindred and by the friends of his youth. 
 
 The following year, August 1888, Rt. Rev. Francis Janssens, Bishop 
 of Natchez, was promoted to the Archiepiscopal See of New Orleans. 
 
 The success of “ The Catholic Winter School ” has turned the eyes 
 of all interested persons in the direction of New Orleans. It is fitting 
 that the venerable city that had a resident bishop ten years before the 
 establishment of the first episcopal See in the United States, should 
 wear the coronal of educational honors. 
 
 ©be Hrcbbfsbop of mew ©cleans. 
 
 Mt. Rev. Francis Janssens, fourth Bishop of Natchez and fifth Archbishop 
 of New Orleans, was born in Tilburg. North Brabant, Holland, on the 17th of 
 October, 1843. The influence of his boyhood's surroundings, we may well be¬ 
 lieve, had much to do with shaping his after life, though he very early sought an 
 American atmosphere. 
 
 After he had finished his classical course, he entered the episcopal seminary 
 of Bois-le-Duc, but having a desire to devote himself to service of souls in 
 America, he obtained entrance into the American College at Louvain, where 
 he remained, until the time for his ordination arrived. He received the Order 
 of Priesthood in Ghent, 21st of December, 1867. 
 
 His opportunity for reaching his chosen field of labor reached him in the 
 person of Bishop McGill, of Richmond, U. S. A., who while visiting Louvain, 
 during the year preceding Father Janssens' ordination, made so eloquent a plea 
 for his needy American diocese as to touch the heart of the young seminarian 
 who, animated with courage and zeal, offered his services. They were gladly 
 and graciously accepted, and he began his labors in the Diocese of Richmond in 
 September. 1868, with an earnestness that soon caused him to be regarded as a 
 most energetic priest of remarkable ability, full of resources and ready to meet 
 every demand on strength and judgment. 
 
 That his abilities were not merely recognized but made use of to their utmost 
 limit, it is needless to state, for the American church has not, even yet, become 
 a field of leisure, and, in those days, the man who could, did accomplish Hercu¬ 
 lean tasks. After being assistant priest at the Richmond cathedral for two years, 
 Father Janssens became its rector, attending, also, four churches, in neighbor¬ 
 ing towns, and fulfilling the arduous duties of secretary to the Bishop and chan¬ 
 cellor of the diocese. In all these capacities, he won the good-will and affec¬ 
 tionate regard of the many and diverse persons with whom they brought him in 
 contact. 
 
 When Bishop Gibbons was appointed co-adjutor to the Archbishop of Balti¬ 
 more, Father Janssens, being at the time Vicar-General of the Diocese of Rich¬ 
 mond, became its administrator, until the consecration of Bishop Keane, and was 
 retained by him in the office of Vicar-General and the position of rector of the 
 cathedral. 
 
 On the appointment of Rt. Rev. Wm. H. Elder as co adjutor to Archbishop 
 Purcell of Cincinnati, Very Rev. Francis Janssens was chosen to fill the See of 
 Natchez, thus left vacant. His consecration, at the hands of Archbishop Gib¬ 
 bons, assisted by Bishop Becker of Wilmington and Bishop Keane of Richmond, 
 took place in St. Peter's Cathedral at Richmond, on May 1st, 1881, Bishop Elder 
 preaching the sermon on the occasion. 
 
 The ceremony will be long remembered as the grandest ever witnessed in 
 Richmond. The address of the newly-consecrated Bishop to the members of the 
 hierarchy and to his fellow clergymen, was pronounced one of the most touching 
 
 177 
 
Cfyc Diocesan (Exhibit of Hein ©deans. 
 
 and eloquent ever delivered on such an occasion. His expressions of gratitudo 
 for the kindness and cordial support afforded him, by his co-laborers and by his 
 superiors, were an honor to him who uttered them and to those who merited 
 them. 
 
 He reached Natchez, on May 7th, after which he visited all parts of his dio¬ 
 cese, making himself thoroughly acquainted with its resources and its needs that 
 he might develop the former and relieve the latter. This onerous duty fulfilled, 
 he made a visit to his native land ; returned, with his arms full of sheaves, to the 
 home he had left with his strong young hands empty, but willing ; returned to 
 be joyously welcomed by his fellow-townsmen, and rapturously received by the 
 mother he had left for God's service. His happy sojourn among his dear ones 
 was brought to a close with the same devotedness that had taken him from the 
 home circle at first, and, after a visit to Rome, he returned to America to take 
 permanent possession of his diocese. 
 
 We have referred elsewhere to the progress of religion in the Diocese of 
 
 Natchez, suffice it to state that one of the Bishop's dearest plans was realized, 
 in 1884, in the erection of the Mission of the Holy Rosary for the Choctaw 
 Indians. 
 
 In 1888, Bishop Janssens was transferred to the See of New Orleans, as the 
 successor of Archbishop Leray. 
 
 In this important field he has charge of one hundred and ninty-nine priests 
 and a Catholic population of three hundred thousand. There are one hundred 
 and forty-eight churches, forty-one chapels and fifteen stations in the Archdio¬ 
 cese, also one hundred and fifty-five educational and charitable institutions, the 
 total number of children under Catholic tuition and training being eighteen 
 thousand one hundred and fifty-nine. 
 
 Having viewed the result of his labors elsewhere, it is needless to dwell on 
 the good Archbishop Janssens has effected during his eight years sojourn in 
 New Orleans. A man of such noble abilities, animated by such ardent zeal, 
 must leave the impress of his genius and piety on all persons and things with 
 which he comes in contact. 
 
 The Diocesan Exhibit of New Orleans comprised displays prepared 
 by the pupils of four religious orders of men, viz.: - the Jesuit Fathers, 
 the Brothers of Mary, the Brothers of the Sacred Heart and the Chris¬ 
 tian Brothers, also by six orders of religious women: — the School Sis¬ 
 ters of Notre Dame, the Dominican Sisters, the IJrsuline Nuns, the 
 Sisters of Charity, the Sisters of Mercy and the Sisters of St. Joseph. 
 
 Alcove 22 was exceedingly attractive, after the tasteful arrangement 
 of its beautiful contents had displayed, to full advantage, their educa¬ 
 tional and aesthetic characteristics. 
 
 The incomparable methods and the great learning of the Jesuit 
 
 Fathers appeared on every page of the volume of class work presented 
 by the College of the Immaculate Conception, New Orleans. The sub¬ 
 jects so ably treated of were philosophy, electricity, Greek, Latin, 
 geometry and algebra. Letter writing was illustrated with several very 
 superior specimens of epistolary style. 
 
 From St. Joseph’s Commercial Academy, New Orleans, there was an 
 exhibit in all particulars worthy of the Christian Brothers, whose 
 pupils had filled twenty-one volumes with unsurpassed papers on men¬ 
 suration, arithmetic, book-keeping, catechism and grammar. There 
 were also specimens of note and letter writing, of typewriting, of pen¬ 
 manship and of drawing. A collection of monthly examination 
 papers displayed excellent scholarship on the part of those who 
 wrote them. 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM COLLEGES, ACADEMIES, AND SELECT SCHOOLS, ARCHDIOCESE OF NEW ORLEANS. (ALCOVE NO. 22.) 
 
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 178 
 
An admirable treatment of history, an accurate presentation of diffi¬ 
 cult work in the four departments of mathematics, and excellent 
 methods in language distinguished the volumes contributed by the 
 pupils of the Brothers of the Sacred Heart, viz .:—From St. Aloysius’ 
 Institute, New Orleans, which sent nine volumes of penmanship, letters, 
 rhetoric, algebra, arithmetic, grammar, book-keeping, history, geome¬ 
 try, French, analysis, dictations, United States history, geography, map 
 drawing, Bible History and Spanish; from St. Joseph’s Institute, Don- 
 aldsonville, which presented six volumes of penmanship, compositions, 
 algebra, trigonometry, arithmetic, grammar and photographs; also 
 from Thibodeaux College, Thibodeaux, which contributed five volumes: 
 Compositions, physics, algebra, phonography, book-keeping, French 
 exercises, penmanship, arithmetic, orthography, geography, map draw¬ 
 ing, trigonometry, surveying, linear drawing, freehand drawing and 
 photographs. 
 
 Besides specimens of class work which was unsurpassed in excel¬ 
 lence, the Brothers of Mary presented some very meritorious specimens 
 of art from St. Alphonsus’ Male School, New Orleans. This exhibit 
 comprised one volume: Programs of studies and time tables, photo¬ 
 graphic view of New Orleans, with compositions by pupils of high 
 school class, book-keeping, Christian Doctrine, literature, universal 
 history, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, phonography, physics, com¬ 
 mercial law, five volumes class work, sixty-five copy-books, fifty large 
 crayon drawings, six albums drawing, one volume drawings, six linear 
 drawings, one set photographs school and pupils. From St. Simeon’s 
 School, New Orleans, in charge of the Sisters of Charity, came thirteen 
 volumes of penmanship, geography, arithmetic, literature, botany, 
 rhetoric, physiology, history, compositions, music and one volume 
 drawing and photographs. These papers were all worthy of much 
 praise, and gave evidence of the careful training the pupils had re¬ 
 ceived. 
 
 Ursuline Academy, Usuline Sisters, New Orleans, contributed twenty 
 volumes: English, character sketches, French translations, composi¬ 
 tions, penmanship, practical arithmetic, algebra, miscellaneous lessons. 
 One volume book-keeping, two volumes drawing, one framed needle¬ 
 work, three hand-painted plates, one frame wax work, two framed pho¬ 
 tographs and one crayon. 
 
 The exhibit of the Ursuline Convent was one of those which at¬ 
 tracted special attention from all lovers of fine art and delicate needle¬ 
 work, as well as from those who take particular interest in the higher 
 education of youth. Simple, yet truly artistic, each article of the 
 exhibit bears the stamp of highly finished work, and reflects great 
 credit on the skill and patience of both pupils and teachers. 
 
 One neatly bound volume of “Specimens of Penmanship” is a little 
 treasure in itself, containing extracts from different authors, written in 
 every imaginable style of penmanship, each page being beautifully 
 ornamented and all with the pen alone. 
 
 “Literary Exercises by the pupils of the Ursuline Ladies.” This 
 volume, as its name implies, contains a selection of compositions and 
 letters from the pupils of the various grades. The subjects are well 
 chosen and most ably treated. They tell of the great attention given 
 this most useful art and how efficient the method by which it is taught. 
 The essay on “Clouds” deserves special mention. The subject is 
 poetically treated, but at the same time shows deep and thorough 
 knowledge of science, and the many beautiful selections brought in 
 from various authors to verify assertions show the writer is certainly 
 well read. “Sketch of the Life of Columbus,” is a perfect pen-picture 
 of our renowned hei’o. “A Fond and Grateful Tribute to the Memory 
 of Geo. Washington,” the diction of this essay is truly admirable. 
 The choice, figurative language used, casts a most pleasing charm 
 over the many worthy tributes the author pays the “Father of our 
 Country.” We would gladly comment on the other essays and 
 letters contained in this valuable volume, but space will not permit, 
 so we must be content to give them only an honorable mention. 
 
 Another volume of “Literary Essays and Letters,” beautifully 
 worded in the French language, proves with what jealous pride this 
 institute maintains its title of being a “French Institute.” It is a fact 
 worthy of note that among other advantages which this convent offers, 
 the following peculiar one arises from the system of teaching adopted, 
 viz.: The French and English languages both receive equal attention, 
 being taught not only by theory but by practice. The recreation hours 
 are alternately superintended by American and French Religious; and 
 
 during these hours, the pupils are required to converse in the language 
 of the Sister who presides. Consequently the young ladies who observe 
 this point of their rule, and follow the course of grammar and literature 
 adopted in the establishment, acquire a thorough knowledge of both 
 languages and speak them with fluency and elegance. 
 
 Want of space deprives us here also of commenting upon the 
 many ably treated subjects, and we must again content ourselves by 
 giving them an honorable mention. 
 
 “ Exercises in Mathematics.” This volume contains specimens of 
 book-keeping, arithmetic, algebra and geometry. The examples in 
 arithmetic and algebra are taken from Thomson’s Practical Series of 
 Mathematics. The work is notably neat and the analysis in each prob¬ 
 lem is given in clear concise and logical language. A complete set of 
 book-keeping comprising journal, ledger and cash-book, with the trial 
 balance for each month, deserves much praise for legibility of writing, 
 neatness of ruling, and practical business method of work. The work 
 proves that the young ladies who have so thoroughly mastered this 
 most useful science, can confidently take charge of any set of books 
 in any kind of business. 
 
 “ The Scholastic Curriculum ” is a beautifully finished piece of 
 framed pen-work, done by a member of the institute. It gives in clear, 
 round hand ornamental writing the various branches taught and text 
 books used. We happily learned from it, that though this institute 
 was established nearly two hundred years ago, its books, teachings and 
 methods are “ up-to date ” in every point. 
 
 An album containing specimens of drawing and painting on parch¬ 
 ment, rice paper, celluloid, etc., deserves particular notice, the painting 
 especially, on account of the decliate coloring and graceful touches. 
 This art receives much attention here, there being, among the members 
 of the institute, a number of distinguished artists. Two beautiful 
 crayon “ Landscapes,” drew well merited applause from connoisseurs 
 in this line. A volume entitled: “ The Primary Course of Drawing,” 
 displays much talent in the youthful artist, as well as the thorough¬ 
 ness of the method adopted by the convent. The “ Map Drawings,” 
 particularly, attracted much attention on account of the neatness and 
 delicacy of the work; there being none of this heaviness and over¬ 
 loading which so often mars the beauty of such work. Three beauti¬ 
 fully painted “Porcelain Plates” are but another proof of the per¬ 
 fection to which painting is brought in the Ursuline Convent. Un¬ 
 fortunately, they were stolen at the close of the Exposition and 
 the young artist had to resign herself to paint three more so as to 
 complete the set. 
 
 “Needle Work.” The beautiful and artistic specimens of needle and 
 fancy work won much deserved praise from all who saw them. Among 
 the many articles worthy of note were: A child’s white lawn dress, 
 hand made. The neatness and evenness of the countless tiny tucks 
 in the ruffles and yoke, the perfect finish of the whole, reflected 
 much credit on the patient young Miss of fifteen who accomplished 
 this task. The charming effects produced in the form of a mignar- 
 dise and a lace table-cloth would call forth admiration even from 
 those who disdain this humble and “ out-of-date ” sort of work. 
 A box containing five handsomely embroidered handkerchiefs prove 
 with what skill the pupils are taught to ply the needle; nothing is 
 neglected to give them an education both useful and polished. 
 A heron of embossed plush on a velvet background and a handsome 
 felt piano cover, also with hand painted embossed chenille and plush 
 flowers and leaves, deserve particular mention as the work is simply 
 exquisite, the delicate blending of the various shades being rarely 
 done with such perfection. This line of work has drawn particular 
 notice upon the institute, and from various parts up North and West 
 the Nuns have received orders for the execution of similar work. 
 
 “ Frames.” The magnificent frame of wax fruit, and the one of 
 artificial flowers so delicately wrought from the finest bolting-cloth, 
 were much admired. So closely has the young lad)' imitated nature 
 in her productions that it would be difficult to distinguish her 
 fruits and flowers from nature’s own. “Views of the Ursuline Convent, 
 N. 0.,” were photographed bv one of the Sisters. This album gives a 
 clear view of the antique building and spacious grounds. It shows 
 the pupils at work in the various departments and at play in the 
 recreation grounds. Judging from these views, the convent is most 
 picturesquely situated and the institution is in every respect a model 
 school. 
 
 179 
 
“Diplomas? of Honor.” The committee of judges on the Catholic 
 Educational Exhibit at the World’s Fair. Chicago, awarded the institu¬ 
 tion a diploma of honor for art, class and needle work. This diploma 
 is of the highest grade, conferred by the Most Rev. Archbishop. The 
 secular executive committee for the same exhibit, awarded a diploma 
 and medal for meritorious work in English and French, and for many 
 beautiful specimens of fancy work. 
 
 In the course of one of the addresses, delivered during the session 
 of “ The Winter School,” the interesting statement was made that the 
 Ursuline Academy of New Orleans was established sixty years before 
 the foundation of any other convent in the United States. 
 
 The School Sisters of Notre Dame were represented in this diocesan 
 exhibit by the following displays:—St. Joseph’s Orphanage, New 
 Orleans, one volume of language, penmanship, arithmetic, catechism 
 and grammar. St. Mary’s Assumption Male School, one volume of 
 Christian Doctrine, Bible History, penmanship, language, geography, 
 arithmetic, United States history, grammar, etc. St. Mary’s Assumption 
 School, female department, two volumes of penmanship, compositions, 
 arithmetic, book-keeping, catechism, typewriting, notes, drawing, pen¬ 
 manship, spelling. One plush drapery and one box needle-work. 
 
 It is needless to refer especially to this work, for it merits the com¬ 
 mendation that has been everywhere accorded the exhibits of this com¬ 
 munity. The same excellent methods, producing everywhere the same 
 admirable results, are deserving of the same kindly comments. 
 
 Three very pleasing displays came from the pupils of the Sisters of 
 St. Joseph; they were catalogued as follows: St. Joseph’s Academy, 
 New Orleans, forty albums : Language, analysis, punctuation, corre¬ 
 spondence, essays, compositions, arithmetic, epistolary correspondence, 
 grammar, synonyms, bills, dictations, United States history. In French 
 —grammar, essays, letters, compositions, photographs and seventeen 
 copy books. St. Joseph’s Convent, Charenton, sixteen volumes: Com¬ 
 positions, analyses, letters, poetry, arithmetic, French, grammar, dic¬ 
 tations, parsing, notes, geography zoology, botany, penmanship, rhe¬ 
 toric and six copy-books. St. Joseph’s Academy, Baton Rouge, thirty- 
 four volumes: Geography, grammar, geometry, French translations, 
 physics, map drawing, compositions, history, letters, algebra, astronomy, 
 book-keeping, arithmetic, copy books and two books of maps. 
 
 Tbe essays in French and the epistolary correspondence in English 
 were the admirable result of the excellent methods in grammar and 
 rhetoric, as was shown in the papers on these branches. 
 
 The sciences and history had been so thoroughly learned, as to have 
 become a part of the pupils, thought, aiding them very considerably 
 in the invention of their essays and compositions. Letter writing was 
 the special and most admirable feature of these exhibits. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Academy, Charenton, La., in charge of the Sisters of 
 St. Joseph, presented collections of class exercises and examination 
 papers prettily written in purple ink with headings and special topics 
 pen-printed in purple. The varied style of the letters used in pen¬ 
 printing the title pages added greatly to their beauty. The ability to 
 trace these handsome letters is a valuable accomplishment giving to 
 one who possesses it the power to prepare elegant cards of invitation, 
 program and menus. 
 
 This pretty work of southern pupils comprised the efforts of mem¬ 
 bers of seven academic classes. The columns of French words which 
 constituted the exercise in spelling were surprisingly free from errors. 
 English spelling is sufficiently difficult, but the silent letters that enter 
 so largely into the formation of French words makes a spelling exercise 
 in that language something to dread. Analysing and parsing were 
 given in both French and English. In one volume, we found ancient 
 history and natural science, both given in very excellent French. 
 
 Under the heading “The Greatest Things on Earth,” the pupils 
 gave the information they possessed regarding the highest mountain, 
 the largest lake, the most important city, etc. The geography papers 
 were illustrated with maps in colors. The problems in arithmetic were 
 very systematically arranged, and all together these sets of papers re¬ 
 flected no little glory on the Sisters of St. Joseph in the far South. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Academy, New Orleans, in charge of the Sisters of St. 
 Joseph, contributed forty albums: Language, analysis, punctuation, 
 correspondence, essays, compositions, arithmetic, epistolary correspond¬ 
 ence, grammar, synonyms, bills, dictations, United States history. In 
 French:—grammar, essays, letters, compositions; photographs and 
 seventeen copy-books. 
 
 The exhibit of this academy consisted of a fine collection of large 
 volumes and five plush albums, containing class work and pen draw¬ 
 ings, and of sixty-five penmanship books of the Spencerian system. 
 This work of school girls from the age of seven to seventeen, reflected 
 great credit upon them and upon their teachers. 
 
 Some of the volumes were devoted exclusively to grammar; one 
 pupil began where the other finished, so that every exercise in that study, 
 commencing with the simple parts of speech, through versification, was 
 clearly and masterly treated. Analysis according to the logical method, 
 fftid. according to the method of diagramming, had separate volumes. 
 Punctuation was also represented by separate volumes, which contained 
 many original examples and some selections from celebrated orators and 
 poets. Every mark of punctuation was explained, and the proper rule 
 applied. 
 
 Rhetoric was treated from cover to cover, and the volumes devoted 
 to it elicited great admiration, particularly those which were written by 
 the graduates, and which explained and exemplified the figures. To 
 the many beautiful and original examples were added quotations from 
 classical writers, thus proving that the fair young graduates not only 
 understood the figures of rhetoric, but w'ere conversant with literature, 
 each selection being followed by the name of its author. This was 
 further proved by the volumes which clearly showed that the graduates 
 of St. Joseph’s Academy knew and felt that “the pen is mightier than the 
 sword.” Their “Gleanings from the Field of Poetry” which formed an 
 exercise in their plush albums, showed great delicacy of taste and ability 
 in choosing from so vast a field. 
 
 Sacred History, ancient history, modern history, the history of our 
 own country, were all treated, and formed volumes of great merit. 
 
 Geography, also, had its due in several volumes, and the numerous 
 cuts and maps which they contained, formed an instructive and inter¬ 
 esting feature. 
 
 Arithmetic, algebra, and geometry had a large number of volumes. 
 Problems under every rule were not only worked, but thoroughly ex¬ 
 plained, thus proving that these studies generally considered dry and 
 difficult by school girls, had peculiar charms for the pupils of St. 
 Joseph’s Academy. 
 
 The volumes devoted to epistolary correspondence were very inter¬ 
 esting, as they contained notes and letters of every description in the 
 business as well as in the social line, and every one was followed by an 
 answer. 
 
 Besides the volumes already mentioned, there were others that con¬ 
 tained miscellaneous exercises in English and in French. The mas¬ 
 terly manner in which these were treated, proved that a. thorough educa¬ 
 tion in both languages can be acquired under the direction of the Sisters 
 of St. Joseph. This was further proved by the beautiful French 
 essays in the plush albums of two of the young ladies, who graduated 
 in the French as well as in the English course of studies prescribed 
 by the institute. 
 
 The essays in both languages were numerous and beautiful. We 
 regret that a few notes containing some, of the subjects of these essays, 
 were lost; the list given below will, however, we trust, be sufficient 
 to prove the literary ability of the pupils. “All is Fleeting as the 
 Autumn Leaves,” Joan of Arc, Jefferson Davis, Cheery People, “Meet¬ 
 ings and Partings,” “Home and Childhood,” The Influence of a 
 Mother, The Widow of Naim, The Name of the Discoverer of Our 
 Country, The American Soldier, Solomon and the Bees, A Visit to the 
 New Orleans Cemeteries, Why I Love my Guardian Angel, A Bundle 
 of Old Letters, Our Presidents, “ Make Hay While the Sun Shines,” 
 “Look Before You Leap,” “A Rolling Stone Gathers no Moss,” “Do 
 Unto Others as You Wish Them to do Unto You,” “Forgive and 
 You Shall be Forgiven,” Pressed Leaves, Parallel between Socrates 
 and Seneca, Parallel between Fenelon and Saint Vincent of Paul; 
 Pius IX., Leo XIII., The American Flag, The Name of Washington, 
 Henry Clay. 
 
 The albums of the graduates began with an affectionate dedication 
 to their parents, then followed beautiful essays, historical enigmas, a 
 few pages quoting the toasts of some of our great statesmen, a few 
 pages explaining the derivation of the names of the days of the 
 week and the names of the months of the year, some poetical selec¬ 
 tions under the title of “ Gleanings from the Field of Poetry,’ ’ maps, 
 treatises on natural history, botany, physics and astronomy. The cuts 
 illustrating the four last, were numerous and were all pen-work ; every 
 
 iso 
 
illustration was not only an example of tile beautiful but of the curious, 
 for few persons could understand how the simple pen could do such ar¬ 
 tistic work. The maps, also, were exceptionally beautiful and proved the 
 skill of pupils and teachers. No professional chart-maker could have 
 been more correct; no artist could have surpassed the delicate coloring. 
 
 The essays of the graduates were superior in style and sentiment. 
 Piety and patriotism characterized the thoughts of the fair composers. 
 The following are a few of the subjects treated: “ Our Country Ages 
 Ago,” Columbus Still Lives.” “Washington and his Inauguration,” 
 “The Father of Our Country Still Lives,” “Old Virginia,” “An Ad¬ 
 dress to Columbia on the Occasion of Her Fourth Centennial,” “ Our 
 Liberty Bell,” “Our Heroes and Our Republic,” “Killing Time,” 
 “Music in Nature.” 
 
 The contents of the albums were written with purple and with gold 
 ink. The titles were presented in every variety of fancy writing, amidst 
 vines and flowers which were most delicately shaded. 
 
 The graduates had besides plush albums, separate volumes contain¬ 
 ing higher mathematics, historical, rhetorical and literary exercises, thus 
 showing that they did not cast aside the useful for the ornamental. 
 
 Great praise is due the Sisters of St. Joseph and their pupils, for 
 the success of this exhibit. 
 
 In the five displays prepared under the direction of the Sisters of 
 Mercy, Ave found the system and gradation peculiar to the work pre¬ 
 sented by them from their many schools. The papers in these displays 
 Avere Avorthv of the usual commendations for neatness, order and thor¬ 
 oughness. It Avas difficult to choose betAveen the history and the 
 science papers, both were so well expressed, so orderly and so accurate. 
 
 The work to Avhich Ave here refer was catalogued as folloAvs: — St. 
 Alphonsus’ Convent, Ncav Orleans, ten volumes: Christian Doctrine, 
 Church History, philosophy, astronomy, rhetoric, physical geography, 
 physiology, grammar, United States history, general history, arithmetic, 
 algebra, Sacred History, compositions, geography, reading, calligraphy, 
 English and Roman history, map draAving, three framed maps and 
 framed photographs. Notre Dame de Bon Secours School, New Orleans, 
 three A'olumes: Christian Doctrine, philosophy, orthography, reading, 
 geography, grammar, United States history, written exercises, penman¬ 
 ship, drawing, arithmetic, reading, translations, astronomy, rhetoric, 
 literature, civil government, physical geography, compositions, algebra, 
 ancient history, modern history, physiology, etiquette. One A'olume 
 drawing and one frame of photographs. St. Alphonsus’ School, New 
 Orleans, one volume : Arithmetic, catechism, spelling, geography, dic¬ 
 tations, grammar. One volume drawing and four framed maps. St. 
 Michael’s School, New Orleans, one volume: Catechism, Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, geography, United States history, Bible History, compositions, 
 grammar, book-keeping, general history, astronomy, algebra, philoso¬ 
 phy, rhetoric and one A'olume drawing. St. Philip’s School, Ncav 
 Orleans, male department, one volume: Christian Doctrine, arithme¬ 
 tic, history, philosophy, physiology, geography and dictations. Fe¬ 
 male department, one A'olume: Christian Doctrine, grammar, history, 
 physiology, philosophy and geography. St. Joseph’s Academy, Jean¬ 
 nette, tAvo‘ volumes: Catechism, reading, spelling, geography, United 
 States history, Bible History, grammar, rhetoric, astronomy, philoso¬ 
 phy, literature, algebra, mythology, physiology; one volume charcoal 
 drawings. St. Martin’s School, St. MartinsAille, two volumes: Christian 
 Doctrine, history, etymology, mythology, French, United States history, 
 rhetoric, grammar, book-keeping, arithmetic, algebra, astronomy, physi¬ 
 cal geography, history, botany, literature and fancy work. 
 
 The framed maps from St. Alphonsus’ Academy and St. Alphonsus’ 
 School, were much admired. The fancy work from St. Martin’s was 
 pronounced to be very pretty and tasty. The bound work from all 
 these schools merited high commendation. An experienced educator 
 who examined the work from St. Alphonsus’ Academy, expressed great 
 admiration for its many excellent features. The illustrations, executed 
 with pen and pencil, Avere like engravings. 
 
 One of the most extensive exhibits displayed under the honored 
 title, “Diocesan Exhibit of Ncav Orleans,” Avas that prepared under the 
 direction of the Dominican Sisters. It Avas catalogued as follows:— 
 Dominican Academy (Dryades St.), seven volumes book-keeping; 
 one volume each, arithmetic, geometry, trigonometry, compositions, 
 letter writing; one A'olume physics and geographical sketches. Domin¬ 
 ican Academy (St. Charles Ave.), thirteen A-olumes book-keeping; 
 three volumes arithmetic, one A'olume, each, trigonometry, algebra, 
 
 French translations, questions and annotations; two volumes essays; 
 five volumes drawing; fifteen crayons; seven paintings; four framed 
 photographs and one volume magazine published by the pupils. One 
 volume geometry ; two volumes algebra ; one volume character studies 
 from Shakespeare’s “Lear,” “Macbeth,” and “Julius Cresar ”; one volume 
 questions and annotations “Hamlet,” “Lear," and “Julius Ctesar”• one 
 volume of the magazine “Salve Regina ,” published and printed by the 
 pupils ; one volume of “Elocution as an Art,” arranged for colleges and 
 academies by a member of the Dominican Order ; one volume of cata¬ 
 logues of the academy, four albums object and cast drawing, two albums 
 freehand drawing, six studies from casts, three drawings from busts, two 
 enameline landscapes, photography, four cabinet photographs enlarged 
 and finished in crayon, seven southern views enlarged and finished 
 in India ink. 
 
 The Avork from the senior department consisted of several A'olumes 
 of geometry and trigonometry Avith problems and solutions beautifully 
 worked, rendering the books objects of considerable interest in this 
 respect, apart from their intrinsic merit. Subjoined to the text prob¬ 
 lems Avere several that Avere practical and original, also a number that 
 illustrated the use of contracted methods and ingenious applications of 
 principles. 
 
 The advanced steps of arithmetic and algebra were also most 
 creditably handled as the numerous A'olumes containing papers on 
 these subjects testified. Astronomical and geographical globe exercises 
 Avith accompanying pen illustrations formed a considerable item, and 
 Avere very interesting. 
 
 The book-keeping section comprising Folsom’s, Mayhew’s and 
 Soule’s systems in every professional form, contained numerous sets of 
 legally written commercial account books — leaving one to infer that the 
 young students Avere masters of their subject. 
 
 There were albums on Church History, Biblical Studies, natural 
 science, metaphysics, astronomy, physiology, chemistry, geology, botany 
 (herbariums), zoology, English, French and American literature, history, 
 hygiene, civil government, etc., Avhose clear, concise, intelligent treat¬ 
 ment of these subjects rendered each book a complete summary of facts 
 pertaining to the subject therein discussed. The charts, diagrams, 
 sketches and illustrations were all presented in pen-Avork eA-incing rare 
 skill. Every style of ornamental penmanship Avas displayed in the 
 A'arious volumes and albums, appearing in the titles, headings, chap¬ 
 ters, sections, etc., all of which Avere most beautifully executed. The 
 literary table comprised many volumes which contained a profusion of 
 able papers, the original production of the students of the academy, and 
 presented in the form of compositions, essays, criticisms, poems, etc. 
 
 The poetical classics,—particularly Shakespeare’s works, formed a 
 striking feature of this exhibit, the critical analyses, annotations, dia¬ 
 lectical dissections and grammatical and rhetorical renderings being 
 numerous and very skillfully written. The philosophy of pauses and 
 inflections, as affecting the literal interpretation, was presented in a 
 manner that constituted ample proof that the students “bury them¬ 
 selves in the hidden beauties” of the more profound thinkers and 
 Avriters among English authors. 
 
 A monthly, the “Salve Regina,” edited and printed by the pupils, is 
 an embodiment of culture, refinement and elegance in the higher paths 
 of education. This appeared in the exhibit in bound A'olumes, and 
 gained much honor for the institution. The many poetical dramas,— 
 separate publications, that held a place among other literary produc¬ 
 tions in this exhibit, afforded a convincing proof of the proficiency 
 attained by the students in this difficult art. 
 
 A treatise, “Elocution as an Art,” ranks among the most satisfactory 
 AA'orks of its kind; it won special notice at the Fair on account of its 
 unique, yet practical mode of treating this subject. 
 
 The French and German translations were clear and exact. The 
 drafting, or plan-making was faithful to artistic and scientific princi¬ 
 ples. The original productions in music from teachers and pupils 
 evinced much skill and good taste. Examination papers, “Theory and 
 Harmony,” also pieces transposed and modulation presented, showed a 
 true love for music and excellent talents for its study. 
 
 The art department contained a. complete illustration of all the 
 Avork of the advanced grades:—Still life, subjects in oils, (framed) a 
 “Kitchen Outing,” “Pineapples,” “Peaches,” a “Drum,” etc. The 
 enamel painting on glass—the high lights in mother-of-pearl relief— 
 Avas particularly attractive. Studies in black and white, from casts: 
 
 181 
 
“Ariadne,” “Columbus,” “Diana,” displayed many fine features, the 
 productions of cultivated talent. Studies from the antique were 
 difficult but well executed. The subjects in water colors, the 
 pastel studies, the relief maps, the crayon, sepia and water color 
 drawings, and linear drawings were all commented upon in the kind¬ 
 est terms, by competent judges. Four albums of still life subjects were 
 a delight to the examiner of its beauties. One album of geometrical 
 figures gave an artistic touch to dull mathematics. A complete book of 
 freehand delineations from oval to features in every position had its 
 place in the art display and added to its glory. The charcoal studies 
 and the crayon pictures froth enlarging of photographs, all pupils’ work, 
 were beautifully finished. 
 
 Several sets of Krone’s freehand drawing books showed the gradual 
 advancement of the art pupils. One transparent plush painting in rare 
 designs was one of the more difficult, yet very beautiful styles of 
 artistic work. Photography:—“Southern Scenes,” “Plantation,” “Char¬ 
 coal Schooner on Teche,” “The American Rhine,” all pupils’ work, 
 indicated the possession of a valuable means of earning one’s living. 
 Photographs of academy, chapel, convent grounds, art room, library, 
 etc., gave an excellent idea of the institution where this fine exhibit was 
 prepared. The “Dark Room” work was executed by the students them¬ 
 selves unaided by teachers. 
 
 The needle-work department contributed fancy and plain needle 
 work of every kind, including dressmaking, Mexican work, point lace 
 high art, embroidery and vestment making, etc. There were several 
 miscellaneous exhibits such as specimens of hair work, in the form of 
 jewelry, flowers and various designs. The wax work in form of 
 fruits, flowers, mottos, and designs was very attractive. In addition to 
 the above, there was glass staining, leather work and specimens of 
 
 designs in rocks. The tapestry presented very large and beautifully 
 blended designs. The flowers in cloth and paper were faithful copies 
 of nature, only needing perfume to make them seem perfectly natural. 
 
 The various volumes were very handsomely bound; on each rich 
 leather cover was stamped, in gilt, the escutcheon of the Dominican 
 Order, and a picture of the academy which presented the work. 
 
 The albums containing specimens of art were expensively bound 
 in plush, and the many pictures that adorned the walls of the alcove 
 were all handsomely framed. 
 
 In making displays at the Columbian Exposition, the Dominican 
 Sisters of San Rafael, Cal., of Racine, Wis., of Chicago, Ill., and of New 
 Orleans, prove that six hundred years . existence, as a teaching order, 
 has given them the grand traditions without the rust of great age, and 
 that like the church her religious orders are venerable, but never de- 
 crepid, possessing the wisdom of age, and the energy and progressive¬ 
 ness of youth. 
 
 There are no comparisons to be made ; each school did its best for 
 the good cause. In fact, in this, as in the case of each diocesan exhibit, 
 one’s pleasure in examining it arose chiefly from the fact that all the 
 teaching orders presented good work; that whereas one institution 
 might display a little more ornamental work than another, there was no 
 rivalry, no great difference in favor of one group of teachers rather than 
 another, when it came to the requirements of grade work. All proved 
 themselves competent, all showed that they were “up to the times” 
 in methods, and in ways and means invented by themselves, if cir¬ 
 cumstances did not furnish them otherwise. . 
 
 All who were especially interested in the New Orleans exhibit had 
 reason to be gratified by the diversified merits which made it so truly a 
 marked success. 
 
 We here present an illustration of the unique art embroidery exe¬ 
 cuted by the skillful needle of Miss M. G. Caldwell, first foundress of 
 the Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C. 
 
 The handsome vestment was exhibited, as here represented, unfin¬ 
 ished, because Miss Caldwell was prevented, by a serious illness, from 
 
 completing the beautiful work before the opening of the exposition. 
 Several samples of elegant laces and rich embroideries were also con¬ 
 tributed by this gifted lady and were the work of her own hands exe¬ 
 cuted after patterns of her own designing. 
 
^pie A^fiiocess of glpladdplpa, 
 
 I N 1806, Rt. Rev. John Carroll, Bishop of Baltimore, sent a petition 
 to Rome entreating that four new sees might be founded, viz. :— 
 New York, Philadelphia, Boston and Bardstown. Pius VII. acceded 
 to the request, and appointed to the Diocese of Philadelphia the zealous, 
 Irish Franciscan, Father Michael Egan, who was consecrated, October 
 28th, 1810, in St. Peter’s Cathedral, Baltimore, by Bishop Carroll. 
 
 Bishop Egan governed his diocese with zeal and piety and though 
 his unfortunate want of firmness left certain evils uncorrected, they 
 were temporal matters, which, though distressing at the time, left no 
 moral ills after them. 
 
 In 1814, he invited the Sisters of Charity to his diocese, and some¬ 
 what later in the same year requested the Sisters of St. Joseph to take 
 charge of an orphan asylum, but before either they, or the Sisters of 
 Charity were established as he had intended, death claimed him. 
 
 The diocese thus left vacant proved difficult to fill; four clergymen 
 of excellent abilities and remarkable virtue were successively appointed 
 but declined to accept the heavily burdened dignity. Finally, in 1820, 
 after the vacancy had continued six years, Very Rev. Henry Conwell, 
 Vicar-General of the Diocese of Armagh, Ireland, accepted the dreaded 
 position, ignorant, no doubt, of the difficulties attending it. 
 
 A venerable priest seventy-three years of age, he was indeed holy 
 and wise, but did not fully realize what awaited him of heavy cares and 
 bitter trials. After his consecration, in London, by Bishop Poynter, he 
 fearlessly embarked for America, where he soon learned how serious a 
 charge he had assumed. His administration was saddened by dissen¬ 
 sions that need not be dwelt upon here ; these unpleasant affairs were 
 terminated under the firm and prudent government of Bishop Kenrick, 
 who was appointed coadjutor to Bishop Conwell, in 1830, and adminis¬ 
 tered the affairs of the diocese for twelve years. 
 
 Bishop Conwell, at the advanced age of ninety-four, overwhelmed 
 with infirmities, and struck with blindness, ended the long life, during 
 which he had supported, with courageous resignation, the heaviest 
 trials, and was succeeded by Bishop Kenrick, so well acquainted with 
 the needs of the diocese and so successful in supplying them. 
 
 In a letter to the Prefect of the Propaganda, the zealous churchman 
 presents a clear view of the condition of the diocese, at the time of his 
 succession to its burdens, and gives the information that the Catholic 
 population in his care consists largely of Germans and Irish, with a 
 somewhat smaller number of French. 
 
 Philadelphia contained, in 1834, twenty-five thousand Catholics, 
 having five Catholic churches, each served by two priests. How 
 greatly have things changed, since two priests averaged five thousand 
 souls as their charge. The interior of the diocese was not so well pro¬ 
 vided with religious aids, owing to the fact that the number of mis¬ 
 sionaries was small, there being only five parishes with permanent pas¬ 
 tors and having mass every Sunday. Several other places had mass 
 but three times, twice or once in a month. A number of towns, with 
 well built churches, were yet without pastors, so few were the laborers 
 in the Master’s harvest fields. “Some of the missionaries needed the 
 gift of tongues and health of iron,” wrote the Bishop. The priests of 
 the diocese were of nine different nationalities, Russian, German, 
 French, Belgian, Livonian. Portuguese, Irish, English and American 
 born. 
 
 The Jesuit Fathers had, in 1787, within this diocese, three churches, 
 in which confirmation was administered, in one year, to twelve hundred 
 children and adults, from which fact it would seem that the congrega¬ 
 tions were large and devout. 
 
 The period from 1834 to 1844 was marked by the anti-Catholic dis¬ 
 turbances, with the history of which our well informed readers are so 
 familiar as to render it unnecessary to refer to it further in this brief 
 sketch. 
 
 Under the able and vigilant administration of Bishop Kenrick, 
 educational and charitable religious establishments appeared rapidly 
 in all parts of the diocese. In 1838, the Seminary of St. Charles Bor- 
 romeo, at Philadelphia, was incorporated by the legislature of Pennsyl¬ 
 vania, and in 1842, the Hermits of St. Augustine opened a college at 
 Villanova, but the mobs had disposed of the good Fathers’ church and 
 
 library in Philadelphia which deranged their plans for the prosperity of 
 the college, until 1846, when they had the happiness of resuming their 
 college exercises. They now have a beautiful church and an extensive 
 monastery at Villanova. 
 
 St. Joseph’s College, in Philadelphia, opened by the Jesuits, in 1851, 
 and St. Joseph’s College, in Susquehanna County, established by Rev. J. 
 V. O’Reilly, in 1852, had excellent opportunities for the education of 
 boys and young men, but, until the administration of Bishop Kenrick, 
 the provisions for the education and training of girls were very inade¬ 
 quate. Six religious communities of women responded to the Bishop’s 
 invitation to establish themselves in his diocese and devote themselves 
 to works of mercy, while the Ladies of the Sacred Heart opened board¬ 
 ing schools for the young ladies. The Sisters of St. Joseph and the 
 Visitation Nuns soon followed, opening academies, day schools and 
 asylums. In 1849, a community of Sisters of the Good Shepherd es¬ 
 tablished one of their havens of grace and repentance in Philadelphia. 
 
 In 1843 the Redemptorist Fathers, had built in Philadelphia, St. 
 Peter’s Church for Germans; to it were attached schools for German 
 boys, and not long after the School Sisters of Notre Dame arrived from 
 Bavaria in Europe, there were established in this parish and in other 
 parts of the diocese, schools for girls of German parentage. 
 
 When Bishop Kenrick was called, in 1851, to become the Arch¬ 
 bishop of Baltimore, he left to his successor in Philadelphia, Rt. Rev. J. 
 N. Neumann, a most peaceful and prosperous diocese. 
 
 Bishop Neumann devoted himself especially to the development of 
 Catholic schools; there were two in Philadelphia at the beginning of his 
 administration ; when he died, eight yearn later, there were nearly one 
 hundred in Philadelphia alone. 
 
 He made a visit to Rome in 1854, ana was present on the occasion 
 of the. proclamation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. On 
 his return to his diocese, he devoted himself with redoubled zeal to the 
 welfare of his people. In the midst of his earnest labors, while return¬ 
 ing to his residence from some errand of charity, he dropped dead on 
 the street, January 5, 1860. 
 
 He was succeeded by his coadjutor, Rt. Rev. James Frederick 
 Wood, a native of Philadelphia, who had been consecrated in 1857. 
 
 In 1868, the Holy See divided the diocese, establishing Philadelphia 
 as an archdiocese, with the dioceses of Allegheny, Erie, Harrisburg, 
 Pittsburg and Scranton as Suffragan Sees. 
 
 Archbishop Wood continued with admirable energy and zeal all the 
 good works begun by his predecessors, and, in 1883, departed in peace 
 and joy, to his eternal reward. 
 
 Archbishop Ryan, a sketch of whose life follows this brief history of 
 his diocese, succeeded Archbishop Wood, to the joy of priests and peo¬ 
 ple of Philadelphia. 
 
 The highly esteemed and universally admired subject of this sketch was born 
 in Thurles, County of Tipperary, Ireland, in 1831. At an early age, he lost his 
 father, but his mother, with that loving heroism that seems a second nature in 
 the Irish matron, when widowed and left responsible for the rearing and the 
 educating of a family, placed him in the school of the Christian Brothers at 
 Thurles. She watched his progress with a vigilance that would have ensured 
 the success of a student far less anxious, on his own part, to make the best use 
 of his opportunities than the young Patrick John who loved study and would 
 have learned under the most discouraging circumstances. With the Christian 
 Brothers for teachers, with such a mother for monitor and guide, a talented boy 
 could not but make rapid strides in the pathways of learning and virtue, hence we 
 are not surprised to read that our student outstripped his companions and made 
 his way to a high place in class and in college society. 
 
 How proudly must his heart have throbbed when he was selected to deliver an 
 address to O'Connell in his prison! Ah, it makes one quite envious to think of 
 it! What higher reward could an Irish lad of that period demand in return for 
 the severest application to the sternest tasks ? Not the richest gold medal in 
 the United Kingdom, conferred by the highest noble of the realm, could have 
 equaled that unique honor in value. 
 
 Even before this occurrence, in fact, before he came to Dublin to take his 
 classical course, he had felt an attraction which soon became an aim, to the life 
 of the priest. For this he labored, with unfailing earnestness, and chose America 
 for his field, chose that free land where the harvest was so great and the laborers 
 so few. With this idea dominating all others, he entered Carlon College, to 
 study for the Diocese of St. Louis, to which he had offered himself. 
 
 His brilliancy in philosophical discussion, his solid acquirements in the knowl- 
 
 183 
 
MT. REV. PATRICK JOHN RYAN, I).T>. 
 
 edge of theology, his wide information regarding canon law, united with more than 
 ordinary literary abilities and a thrilling eloquence of expression, opened for him 
 the pages of some of the standard periodicals most difficult to reach. The essays 
 he was thus caused to produce were of more than local influence and fame, 
 bringing him in contact with the best intellects of his day and country, and 
 affording him a most desirable opportunity to, at least, touch the souls he so 
 longed to save. After receiving deacon's orders in the old country, he came to 
 St. Louis: this was in 1832, when he was yet too young to be ordained priest. 
 The interval between his arrival in St. Louis and his ordination there, in 1853- 
 was spent in the seminary at Carondelet. but as soon as he possessed the powers 
 of the priest, he was called upon to exercise them as assistant at the Cathedral, 
 and, not long after, he was appointed pastor of the church of St. John the 
 Evangelist. Some years later, he was called to fill the responsible office of 
 Vicar-General of the St Louis Diocese. 
 
 In the early years of his priesthood, Father P. J. Ryan accompanied his 
 Bishop to Rome, where he was invited to preach the Lenten sermons, in one of 
 the great churches of the eternal city. Having responded graciously to the 
 request, he won the highest admiration of all who heard him, so elegant was his 
 diction, so eloquent his delivery, not to speak of the profound and varied knowl¬ 
 edge upon which both were based. 
 
 In 1872, on February 15, he was appointed Bishop of Tricomia, that he might 
 act as co-adjuior to the Archbishop of St. Louis. 
 
 On April 14, of the same year, he was consecrated and, soon after, took up rhe 
 duties of co adjutor which he continued to fulfill, with satisfaction to his 
 superior, and honor to himself, for twelve years, earning, in the meantime great 
 fame for his learning, eloquence and ability. 
 
 In 1884, Bishop Ryan was transferred to the Archdiocese of Philadelphia ; 
 so brilliant was the reputation that had preceded him, he received on his arrival 
 in the “Quaker City” an ovation unparalleled in the history of our country. He 
 has never given the friends of that day occasion to regret their enthusiastic 
 greeting. 
 
 At the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore, in 1884, Archbishop Ryan preached 
 the opening sermon on “The Church and Her Councils,” expressing himself with 
 even more than his usual magnificent eloquence and exerting even more than his 
 ordinary magnetic charm of manner. 
 
 His interest in the Catholic Educational Exhibit was of such a character as 
 to entitle him to the highest distinction in this publication. 
 
 Cfye (Exhibit from tfye Ctrctjbioccse of Plplabclpfjia. 
 
 The Diocesan Committee appointed by His Grace of Philadelphia 
 included the following well-known, scholarly and energetic clergymen, 
 viz.: —Rev. R. Kinahan, Rev. J. J. Elcock, Rev. Jno. Shanahan. Rev. 
 Thos. Barry, Rev. PI. Lane, Rev. G. Borneman, Rev. E. Hiltermann, 
 
 Rev. H. Strommel, Rev. Thos. Mullen, Rev. P. F. Sullivan, Rev. P J. 
 Daily and Rev. J. F. Laughlin. These reverend gentlemen, animated 
 with zeal for the glory of Catholic education, as a system, and for the 
 honor of the schools of their diocese, spared neither time nor strength 
 in making preparations for the grand test of competency and attainment. 
 
 This was, par excellence, a parochial school exhibit; only two col¬ 
 leges and three academies presented work of their grade, all the rest of 
 the extensive display, occupying six alcoves, came from parochial 
 schools. That was what lover3 of Catholic institutions desired, that 
 the parochial system might be vindicated ; Catholic colleges and acade¬ 
 mies had always been admired and patronized by non-Catholics, but 
 for those institutions the best teachers were supposed to be reserved, 
 while it was believed that the parish schools were consigned to incom¬ 
 petent and even stupidly ignorant individuals, without any sort of 
 pedagogical training. 
 
 “The class work, consisting of a series of written examinations of 
 seventy-three parish schools- (counting male and female schools sepa¬ 
 rately) was contained in eighty-nine large bound volumes, and included 
 work from the twelve established grades. There were forty-seven vol¬ 
 umes of grammar grade work, thirty-one volumes of secondary grade 
 work and eleven volumes of primary grade work. The pupils’ examin¬ 
 ations represent the following branches : Christian Doctrine, Church 
 History, spelling, penmanship, grammar, letter writing, etymology, 
 homonyms, Bible History, ancient and United States history, geogra¬ 
 phy, compositions, globe studies, mensuration, arithmetic, freehand, 
 crayon, and map drawing, algebra, book-keeping, chemistry, geometry 
 and trigonometry (plane and spherical). As the work of the different 
 schools was bound in the same volumes and according to grade, it was 
 found impossible to catalogue the Avork of each school in detail, and, for 
 this reason, merely the names of the city’s schools and teachers can be 
 given.” 
 
 The above extract is taken from the official revised catalogue of the 
 Catholic Educational Exhibit, and explains Avhy our method of review¬ 
 ing the Philadelphia display differs from that Avhich Ave have pursued 
 in treating of other diocesan exhibits. Heretofore, the schools of a dio¬ 
 cese and their displays have been noticed separately, according to the 
 religious teaching body in charge of them. Such a plan cannot be 
 followed in this case, because the Avork of the various schools Avas 
 bound together according to grade and to subject, a single volume rep¬ 
 resenting many religious orders, hence Ave give a summary of the 
 parochial schools in care of the several teaching orders, and comment up¬ 
 on the exhibit as a whole. The colleges, academies and high schools wi 11 
 be found specially noticed, as the separate binding of their Avork per¬ 
 mits. 
 
 Ten religious orders, seven female and three male, Avere represented 
 in the Philadelphia exhibit. Each pupil contributed, according to 
 grade, a set of papers on the subjects enumerated above, in the extract 
 from the catalogue. These papers manifested the best features of the 
 most excellent methods in vogue. 
 
 The schools are summarized in the folloAvlng list: 
 
 In the Philadelphia Diocesan Exhibit, the Sisters of Christian 
 Charity Avere represented by Avork from the school, “Our Lady Help 
 of Christians,” in Philadelphia, St. Joseph’s in East Mauch Chunk, 
 St. John the Baptist’s, Pottsville, and St. Paul’s in Reading. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Francis sent Avork from Philadelphia representing 
 All Saints’ School, St. Alphonsus’, St. Mary’s of the Assumption, St. 
 Bonaventure’s, St. Elizabeth’s, and St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi’s. From 
 other tOAvns, St. Mauritius’, Ashland; Blessed Sacrament School, Bally; 
 Our Lady of Mt. Carmel School, DoylestoAvn. 
 
 The Sisters of the Holy Child presented displays from the female 
 department of schools in Philadelphia as follows: The Visitation 
 School, the Assumption School, St. Edward’s, St. James’, St. Agatha’s 
 and St. Michael’s, in Chester. 
 
 The Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary sent contributions 
 from the Annunciation School, St. Dominic’s, St. Francis Xavier’s, St. 
 Theresa’s, the Gesu, St. Joachim’s, St. John the Baptist’s and St. Paul's, 
 all in Philadelphia; also from the Immaculate Heart of Mary School, 
 Chester; St. Mark’s, Bristol; Immaculate Conception, Mauch Chunk; 
 St. Patrick’s, Morristown; St. Mary’s, Phcenixville; St. Stephen’s, Port 
 Carbon; St. Agnes’, West Chester; St. Gertrude’s, West Conshohocken; 
 St. Charles Borromeo’s, Kellyville. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Joseph Avere represented by displays from the fol. 
 
lowing schools :—In Philadelphia, the female department of the Cathe¬ 
 dral School, St. Ann’s, St. Bridget’s, St. Charles Borromeo’s, St. 
 Joseph’s, the Immaculate Conception, St. Mary’s, the Nativity School, 
 of St. Michael’s, Our Mother of Sorrows’, Our Mother of Consolation, 
 St. Patrick’s, St. Philip Neri’s, St. Stephen’s, St. Vincent de Paul’s and 
 St. Patrick’s in Pottsville. 
 
 The Sisters of Mercy presented work from two schools, St. Mala- 
 chy’s, in Philadelphia, and the School of Our Lady of Good Counsel, in 
 Bryn Mawr. 
 
 The School Sisters of Notre Dame sent displays from the Holy 
 Trinity School, St. Bonifacius’ and St. Peter’s in Philadelphia, also 
 from St. Vincent’s in Tacony. 
 
 schools as follows: St. Agatha’s School, Philadelphia, one album each : 
 Algebra and mensuration. Two albums each: Catechism, history, 
 arithmetic, geography and grammar. St. Ann’s School, one album 
 architectural drawing and maps, one volume lettering and elements of 
 drawing, one volume object and ornamental drawing, six volumes 
 botanical specimens, two class registers, specimens of monthly and 
 weekly reports, one photograph album, twenty-six albums class work : 
 Christian Doctrine, Church and Bible History, orthography, grammar, 
 profane history, mathematical, physical and political geography, arith¬ 
 metic, algebra, mensuration, composition, geometry, phonography, 
 botany, book-keeping and twenty-five copy books of penmanship. 
 Cathedral School, nineteen albums: Linear and ornamental drawing, 
 
 
 r ‘ ill 
 
 If _ 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 ARCHDIOCESE OF PHILADELPHIA. VIEW OF THE EXTERIOR OF ALCOVES NO. 15 AND 16. 
 
 The secular teachers of Catholic schools took a lively interest in the 
 educational exhibit, presenting displays from the male department of 
 St. James’, St. John the Evangelist’s, St. Philip Neri’s and the Visita¬ 
 tion Schools in Philadelphia, also St. Mathews’ in Conshohocken. This 
 last named school contributed a volume of general class work of unsur¬ 
 passed excellence, a volume of problems in plane trigonometry admira¬ 
 bly solved and presented, the demonstration of fourteen problems in 
 spherical trigonometry, worthy of special commendation, also seven 
 geometrical diagrams, framed, showing a wide mathematical informa¬ 
 tion, and no mean skill in drawing. 
 
 The Franciscan Brothers presented work from the male department 
 of St. Vincent de Paul’s School, in Philadelphia. 
 
 The Christian Brothers were represented by displays from parochial 
 
 book-keeping, catechism, penmanship, grammar, compositions, mensur¬ 
 ation, history, arithmetic, geography, algebra, dictations, business forms, 
 phonography, typewriting, spelling and botany. St. Charles’School, 
 One allium each : Compositions, penmanship, dictation, Sacred History, 
 letter writing, spelling, bills and receipts, and book-keeping, two vol¬ 
 umes United States history; three albums each: Geography, Christian 
 Doctrine, mensuration and arithmetic; four volumes grammar; two 
 volumes penmanship and sixty sheets drawing. St. Michael’s School, 
 one album each : Catechism, United States history, Bible History, alge¬ 
 bra, mensuration, arithmetic, geography, spelling, book-keeping, bills 
 and receipts, phonography, drawing, fifty home exercises, fifty copy 
 .books and one pastel painting. Our Mother of Sorrows’ School, one 
 album each: Writing, dictation, algebra, Church History and geogra- 
 
 189 
 
phy; two albums each: Catechism, history, grammar and arith¬ 
 metic. St. Patrick’s School, one album each: Mensuration, alge¬ 
 bra, arithmetic, book-keeping, history, grammar, dictation and cate 
 chism. St. Paul’s School, one album each : Spelling, geography and 
 history. Two albums each : Grammar, mensuration and specimens 
 of penmanship. Three albums arithmetic. Two bound volumes, speci¬ 
 mens of penmanship, twenty miscellaneous exercise copy books and 
 thirty-eight model copies. St. Peter’s School, one ; volume mensuration, 
 two volumes arithmetic and book-keeping, one volume grammar, one 
 volume geography, one volume bills of sale, one volume translations, 
 three volumes linear drawing, one volume mechanical drawing, three 
 volumes architectural drawing, three volumes ornamental drawing, one 
 
 Did one accustomed to haunt the Catholic Educational department 
 desire a bit of information, a moment’s gentlemanly service, or an 
 hour’s loan of a chair? that individual never failed to secure from 
 the custodian of the Philadelphia display the thing desired. The refer¬ 
 ence to a chair recalls a grateful remembrance of the fact that the 
 Philadelphia alcoves were exceptionally well furnished, in the way of 
 comfortable, high-backed, cane-seated chairs. The occupancy of one of 
 these was no small boon, when one had been traveling miles, in passing 
 from object to object and from alcove to alcove, in an admiring tension 
 of mind and body. 
 
 The day that our systematic plan of procedure brought us to alcoves 
 15 and 16, for the purpose of examining the Philadelphia exhibits, we 
 
 ARCHDIOCESE OF PHILADELPHIA. EXHIBITS FROM ST. PETER’S AND OTHER SCHOOLS. (ALCOVE NO. 75.) 
 
 volume map drawing, thirty-three mounted maps, two albums water 
 colors and pastel painting. One volume pen-and-ink sketches, one vol¬ 
 ume specimens of writing (English and German), six class registers, one 
 collection minerals, one collection of woods, one collection leather, one 
 collection grains, seeds and spices. 
 
 These collections were formed of contributions made by the stu¬ 
 dents in whom a search for them awakened a deeper interest than 
 would have been otherwise felt. 
 
 Our illustration of the exterior of alcoves 15 and 16 will recall to 
 World’s Fair visitors that pleasant corner the passing of which was 
 made so agreeable, not only by the attractive appearance of the ex¬ 
 hibits within those alcoves, but by the courteous kindness of the gen¬ 
 tleman in charge of them. 
 
 discovered the full value of those chairs, and determined, then and 
 there, that did the opportunity ever present itself, we would pay them 
 a just tribute of praise, with the hope that every alcove devoted to our 
 next educational exhibit will be supplied with similar furniture. 
 
 Seated (what a luxury it was!) beside the long, handsome table that 
 occupied the central space of alcove 15, we feasted our eyes, for a time, 
 on the volumes before us, ere opening them, the binding was so tasteful, 
 so pleasing, in its significant combination of blue and white. The 
 books being large and thick, and eighty-nine in number, the array of 
 harmonious coloring was really worthy of the admiration it excited, 
 and justified the exclamation so frequently heard, “Oh, what pretty 
 books!” But the beauty of a book is in its contents, not its cover, 
 though a handsome cover is not to be scorned, so we carefully turned 
 
the leaves of these eighty-nine witnesses in the trial of Philadelphia’s 
 Catholic parochial schools, and closely scanned the pages for evidences 
 of success. These were many and so clearly apparent as to appeal to 
 even a prejudiced eye. The legible penmanship; the orderly arrange¬ 
 ment of headings, and of question and answer; the concisely expressed 
 statement of facts; the approved methods in arithmetic and grammar; 
 the combination of geographical and historical studies, illustrated with 
 maps; all these evidences of successful and properly conducted educa¬ 
 tional effort were visible, and while the grading differed from that of 
 many diocesan exhibits, notably that of Chicago, its requirements had 
 been faithfully met by teachers and pupils, and this we understand to 
 be considered success in all systems of schools. There is a wide differ¬ 
 ence of opinion among teachers of state schools, as well as of parochial 
 schools, as to courses of study best adapted to their purpose. The suc¬ 
 cess of a class, or of an individual pupil, is properly judged then from 
 fidelity to the course followed in a special locality, independent of the 
 question whether the course be the best that could be devised. 
 
 The class work of the Philadelphia parochial schools as presented 
 in these eighty-nine volumes was then a credit to the archdiocese in 
 particular and an honor to the Catholic educational system in general. 
 In excellence of method and in practical results, the work was not sur¬ 
 passed by that from any other diocese. The comments made 
 by the press were most gratifying, and must have served as in¬ 
 centives to increased exertions on the part of pastors, teachers and 
 pupils. 
 
 The plan of binding together all the papers of a certain grade re¬ 
 garding a certain subject, enabled those who desired it to compare the 
 methods of the several teaching orders. At one time, this might have 
 been a sad trial to those whose advantages were inferior, but in this 
 case, no one suffered from the comparison of the work of one school 
 with that of another. 
 
 The Sisters of Christian Charity, a community of recent origin, had 
 their work beside that of the Franciscans, an order six centuries old. 
 
 The last page of work from the pupils of the Sisters of the Immacu¬ 
 late Heart, or of the Holy Child, was perhaps opposite the first page of 
 the papers prepared by pupils of School Sisters of Notre Dame, or of 
 Mercy, or of St. Joseph, yet there were no violent contrasts, no wide 
 differences; the test was severe, but it refuted the assertion that the 
 Catholic schools have no system. Here were teachers living under 
 seven different rules, having distinct customs, habits and traditions, 
 resulting, logically, in distinct ideas, since the points of view were 
 various, and vet there was a remarkable harmony throughout these 
 volumes. If this be not “system,” it is something even better. 
 
 The list of exhibits given on a preceding page, enumerates the 
 objects constituting the handsome and scholarly displays contributed 
 by the Christian Brothers’ Philadelphia schools; these included, as was 
 customary with the Brothers, fine collections of drawings of every 
 variety, and numerous specimens for object lessons. 
 
 These displays, from the male departments of nine large parochial 
 schools appeared, with the exhibit from St. Peter’s School, in alcove 
 75, illustrated on page 186. 
 
 In this picture are reproduced the choice wall decorations, including 
 maps, charts and drawings of every variety. On the tables are dis¬ 
 played volumes of class work and written examinations, also albums of 
 pencil and charcoal drawings of a highly meritorious character. 
 
 The work from St. Peter’s School was typical, hence comments on 
 that display will serve to represent all the work from this group of 
 schools, in charge of the Christian Brothers. The course of instruction 
 and the method of following it, which produced such results as were 
 seen in the volumes from these schools, merits high commendation. 
 “The penmanship of boys, ranging from twelve to fifteen years of age, 
 was,” to quote an educational authority, “surprisingly near perfection, 
 differing but little from the copper plate copy.” Not only the 
 name but the age of the pupil was attached to each piece of work, and 
 the youthful ness of the students who had prepared such papers on 
 common school, high school and business college subjects was the 
 touch-stone of remarkable, even surprising success. 
 
 Among the best penmanship exhibits, serving also the purpose of 
 evidence in another direction, were the business forms: promissory notes, 
 bill and invoice headings, checks, receipts, cash books, etc. One of 
 the truly superior pieces was a map of the ocean currents of our globe, 
 drawn by a boy only fourteen years of age. 
 
 Parties w'ho saw the lads at work, preparing their maps for the ex¬ 
 hibit, expressed to us the pleasure they experienced in watching the 
 swift and skillful handling of compass and dividers, of pencils and pens, 
 of brushes and colors, as the proper proportions were found and repro¬ 
 duced. “A map of the colonies, showing the various routes of the 
 British army during the Revolution” was worthy, in printing and in 
 coloring, of a regular map factory. 
 
 Specimens of typewriting, of stenography, of business forms and of 
 book-keeping in all its branches, ivere many and of superior excellence. 
 As the work of boys thirteen and fourteen years of age, these evidences 
 of unusual advancement could not be too highly praised. 
 
 The mechanical and architectural drawings, pencil and crayon work, 
 pen and ink sketches, pictures in pastel and in water colors were so 
 skillfully executed, the shading so accurate, the strokes of the pen so 
 expressive, the coloring so dainty, so delicate, that true talent, as well 
 as unwearied painstaking, was clearly manifested. Talent that had 
 achieved so much, at so early an age. bore a rich promise of future 
 success, such as emblazons men’s names on the tablets of fame. 
 
 The drawings were remarkable for correctness and finish ; the archi¬ 
 tectural were especially worthy of notice, and seemed the works of ex¬ 
 perienced draughtsmen rather than of boys in then' “teens.” Some of 
 the specimens of drawing and of penmanship, not the least worthy 
 either, were the productions of a lad with only his left hand to depend 
 upon,—a skillful member, doing well its part to supply the loss of its 
 brother, usually supposed to be indispensable, though we know that one 
 may lose both hands, and yet be an active artist. In one exhibit, from 
 an orphan asylum, we saw pictures that had been painted in oil by a 
 little girl without either hand to aid her. 
 
 The boys’ department of St. Peter’s School comprises four hundred 
 and fifty pupils, ranging from eight to fourteen years of age, divided in¬ 
 to six classes each having an individual teacher responsible for the 
 instruction and training of its members. The girls, from six to four¬ 
 teen years of age, number six hundred and fifty, and are taught by the 
 School Sisters of Notre Dame. 
 
 In addition to their excellent class exercises and written examina¬ 
 tions, the girls exhibited their handiwork in sewing, crocheting, stitch¬ 
 ing, knitting and embroidery. Among the objects resulting from the 
 industry of St. Peter’s school girls were silk table scarfs, lambrequins, 
 table cloths, piano covers, cushions, embroidered upholstery for furni¬ 
 ture, curtains, scarfs, slippers and pillow shams. 
 
 The exhibits from St. Peter’s School and the other Philadelphia 
 schools of the Christian Brothers were displayed in alcove 75, of which 
 we give an illustration. 
 
 The following schools, having been unintentionally omitted from the 
 notice of the Pittsburg Diocese, are inserted here with the archdiocesan 
 displays:—St. Michael’s School, Pittsburg, Pa., Diocese of Pittsburg, 
 female department, Sisters of St. Francis, eighteen volumes: Christian 
 Doctrine, arithmetic, penmanship, drawing, orthography, history* 
 English and German compositions, forty-eight crayon drawings, eight 
 maps, twelve architectural and mechanical drawings, four volumes arith¬ 
 metic, geography, compositions, two charts writing. St. Michael’s 
 School, male department, Brothers of Mary, eighteen volumes: Arith¬ 
 metic, Christian Doctrine, penmanship, drawing, orthography, history, 
 English and German compositions, forty-eight crayon drawings, ten 
 maps, twenty-one architectural and mechanical drawings, five volumes: 
 arithmetic, geography and compositions. St. Augustine’s School, Sis¬ 
 ters of St. Francis, six volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, dicta¬ 
 tion, history, geography and penmanship. 
 
 The work from both departments of St. Michael’s School was char¬ 
 acterized by many excellent features that made a favorable impression 
 on all who examined, understandingly, the orderly, well written papers 
 on the subjects mentioned above. Forty-eight crayon drawings from 
 each'department would have made a fine display, even without the 
 many well executed mechanical and architectural pieces. The pretty 
 maps were a pleasing addition to the wall display. 
 
 The six volumes from St. Augustine’s School contained man)' very 
 creditable examinations and some really excellent class exercises. 
 
 The displays contributed by the academies of the Archdiocese of 
 Philadelphia were as follows:—From the Academy of Notre Dame, 
 in charge of Sisters of Notre Dame, from Cincinnati, Ohio, were sent 
 three volumes, theory of music; one volume, musical compositions bv 
 pupils; one volume, music compiled and arranged by Sisters of Notre 
 
 187 
 
Darnel The pupils of the Academy of the Holy Child .Jesus, Sharon 
 Hill, in charge of Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus, presented seven 
 oil paintings, seven pastel drawings, two pen sketches, seven water 
 colors, one volume of scenes from Shakespeare, one volume of drawings, 
 one volume of illuminated work on silk, four illuminated altar cards, 
 also as specimens of rich embroidery, a cope, a burse, a stole, a 
 throw, and three altar veils. The pupils of the Academy of the 
 Immaculate Heart, West Chester, in charge of Sisters of the Im¬ 
 maculate Heart, contributed one embroidered quilt and one em¬ 
 broidered throw, also hand-painted china comprising twelve plates 
 and a platter. 
 
 The following colleges were represented by displays:—Viilanova 
 
 chemistry and essay writing. Sophomore class, one volume quarter!} 7 
 examination papers: Christian Doctrine, history, rhetoric, English 
 literature, mathematics, physics, Latin, Greek, French and Ger¬ 
 man. Freshman class, one volume quarterly examination papers: 
 Christian Doctrine, history, English literature, rhetoric, mathematics, 
 physics, book-keeping, Latin, Greek, French, German and essay writing. 
 Preparatory department, first class, one volume quarterly examination 
 papers : Catechism, spelling, arithmetic, algebra, mensuration, geome¬ 
 try, English grammar, compositions, geography, history, book-keeping, 
 writing, Latin and German. Second class, one volume quarterly ex¬ 
 amination papers: Catechism, spelling, arithmetic, English grammar, 
 compositions, geography, history, writing, Latin and German. Third 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM THE ARCHDIOCESE OF PHILADELPHIA. (ALCOVES 15 AND 16.) 
 
 College, Viilanova, in charge of Augustinian Fathers, sent six photo¬ 
 graphs of students and class rooms. The Roman Catholic High 
 School, Philadelphia, taught by secular teachers, contributed twenty- 
 four original designs, twenty mechanical drawings, thirty-five pieces 
 modeling in clay, seventy-six wood carvings, seventy-two pieces 
 carpentry, twenty-five of wood work (pattern-making) and fifty-two 
 sets book-keeping. La Salle College, Philadelphia, in charge of 
 the Christian Brothers, college department, senior class, presented 
 one volume quarterly examination papers: Evidences of Religion, 
 metaphysics, mathematics, philosophy of history, English literature, 
 civics, Latin, Greek, French and German. Junior class, one volume 
 quarterly examination papers: Evidences of Religion, logic, English 
 literature, history, mathematics, Latin, Greek, French, German, 
 
 class, one volume quarterly examination papers : Catechism, spelling, 
 arithmetic, English grammar, compositions, geography, United States 
 history and writing. Fourth class, one volume : Catechism, spelling, 
 arithmetic, English grammar, geography, United States history, compo¬ 
 sitions and writing. Art, three oil paintings (framed), six pastel draw¬ 
 ings (framed), five water-color drawings (framed), five volumes pen-and- 
 ink object drawing, one album problems in straight lines and applica¬ 
 tions, one album problems on curved lines and applications, one album 
 principles of projections, one album projection of solids on auxiliary 
 planes, one album penetrations and developments, one album principles 
 of perspective, two albums (forty-two) water-color drawings. 
 
 The charitable institutions represented were:—The Catholic Home, 
 Philadelpha, in charge of Sisters of St. Joseph, which sent photographs 
 
of classes and children, specimens of sewing and two albums composi¬ 
 tions. St. Francis’ Industrial School, Eddington, in charge of the 
 Christian Brothers, which contributed specimens of plumbing, carpen¬ 
 try, forging and stone cutting, also one album each: Compositions, 
 language lessons, algebra, geography, history, two albums each of 
 ornamental drawing, spelling, grammar, and catechism, three albums 
 each of penmanship, and arithmetic, and seven albums linear drawing. 
 
 The wide scope of the Do La Salle College exhibit rendered it one 
 of marked attractions to those interested in the education of boys and 
 youths. Here was exemplified a full course of language work from a 
 small boy’s first composition on dogs to the college graduate’s thesis on 
 some profound question of the day. The whole range of mathematical 
 studies was shown, in masterly style, likewise that of the natural and 
 
 papers presented graphic indications of the nature and value of the 
 characteristic commercial products of each region whose boundaries had 
 been traced or described. 
 
 The system of gradation, as may be seen by referring to the list of 
 exhibits from this institution, is of a character to ensure thoroughness 
 in the common branches, while the pupil is acquiring a more cul¬ 
 tured knowledge in the pursuit of higher studies. 
 
 The classical and the modern languages had been taught these 
 students after some extremely practical method, to judge from their 
 exercise books; there were no evidences of either superficiality or of 
 okl-tbgyism. The philosophy of history and of literature has a place in 
 the course, and was discussed, with ability, in the papers exhibited by 
 the senior class. 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM LA SALLE COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA, AND AMMENDALE NORMAL INSTITUTE, AMMENDALE, ARCHDIOCESE OF BALTIMORE. (ALCOVE !),.) 
 
 physical sciences which play so important a part in our era as to make 
 a knowledge of them almost indispensable. “A little knowledge is a 
 dangerous thing” applies with tremendous force to a slight acquaint¬ 
 ance with the sciences which are so inspiring, so elevating, if taught by 
 a Christian teacher. 
 
 History and geography, with their maps and illustrations, figured in 
 this exhibit, as related and interdependent studies. Man’s history and 
 nature’s history, as affected by a certain locality, or a locality’s im¬ 
 provement as effected by the united efforts of man and nature,—such 
 are the facts arrived at by the proper adjustment of geographical and 
 historical studies, such were the facts presented in the papers under 
 consideration. In the work of the less advanced grades the geography 
 
 It was one of the best features of the higher work, in the exhibits 
 made by the pupils of the Brothers of St. Francis’, the Brothers of 
 Mary, the Brothers of the Holy Cross and the Christian Brothers that 
 the philosophy of things was always sought and was always kept in 
 view. 
 
 The art display from the La Salle College was very pleasing. The 
 dainty pastel and water-color pictures, as well as the fine oil paintings, 
 fourteen framed pieces in all, adorned the wall of alcove 97, and at¬ 
 tracted many a critical but admiring gaze from hurried visitors, while 
 those of more leisure enjoyed an additional pleasure from turning the 
 leaves of the numerous albums filled with specimens of drawing of every 
 style and in every department of that charming branch of art. The 
 
 
hours spent in alcove 97 were fully repaid by the information gained 
 regarding educational methods and systems. 
 
 The handsomely embroidered quilt and picture throw, visible in our 
 illustrations of alcoves 15 and 16, came from the Academy of the Im¬ 
 maculate Heart, and were prepared under the direction of the Sisters of 
 the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Still more beautiful, and of course 
 still more artistic, were the pieces of china elaborately decorated with 
 exquisite paintings, by pupils of this institution. 
 
 The Academy of the Holy Child, located at Sharon Hill, was repre¬ 
 sented by seven oil paintings and seven pastel drawings that merited 
 the attention and commendation they received, while the dainty water 
 colors and pretty pen-sketches pleased a different and perhaps more 
 refined taste. 
 
 Only one in a hundred, perhaps, experienced the rare pleasure of ex¬ 
 amining the beautiful volume, “Scenes from Shakespeare,” presented in 
 this display. Each of these “Scenes” was a little masterpiece of grace¬ 
 fulness in outline, and of exquisiteness in coloring. The other contri¬ 
 butions decorated with the brush or the needle, were a cope, a burse, 
 a stole, an embroidered picture throw, and three altar veils; these were 
 rich and beautiful, and highly praised, but more admirable and far 
 more eagerly scanned were the paintings on silk and on doe-skin. The 
 crown of this exhibit, however, was the illuminated work on the set 
 of altar cards, that hung just below the portrait of His Grace of Phila¬ 
 delphia, and may be clearly distinguished there, in our illustration of 
 alcove 15. 
 
 To those who are acquainted with this rare style of decoration, it 
 will be sufficient to state that these cards were surrounded by wide 
 margins covered with artistic mediaeval designs wrought out, as to 
 coloring and execution, in accordance with the principles of the highest 
 order of this department of art. Their rich, yet delicate beauty, and 
 the great rarity of such work rendered these cards one of the most 
 highly prized offerings from Philadelphia’s Catholic schools. 
 
 The musical exhibit, from Notre Dame Academy, showed the pos¬ 
 session of remarkable talent, and, in two or three instances, of genius 
 on the pari of the students and the religious who contributed the 
 original compositions. The following detailed description will no 
 doubt, interest teachers of music. 
 
 The three volumes of “ Theory of Music ” sent to the Catholic edu¬ 
 cational exhibit from the convent of Notre Dame, West Eittenhouse 
 Square, Philadelphia, were an exposition of the efforts made each year 
 by the faculty to impart a thorough knowledge of the art and science 
 of music. At the academy the wish to learn any instrument must 
 perforce be followed by a second: to join one of the general vocal 
 classes; to do so is compulsory. These classes meet three times a 
 week, pupils being ranked according to capacity, for receiving a 
 musical education, and much of their time is devoted to theory. 
 All ways and means for its development, instruments, charts and 
 black-boards are brought into requisition. Each pupil has her music 
 catechism (compiled at the convent), and her “ Theory Blank,” for 
 writing notes and taking notes. As there are respective teachers 
 for respective classes, the entire course is covered every year. The 
 soundness of the knowledge gained is tested by semi-annual examina¬ 
 tions. 
 
 The volumes contained a page or more—according to number in the 
 grades,—of the examinations made by pupils of 1892, so arranged as to 
 embody the whole course. The juvenile writers who had reached any 
 age, limited by eight and sixteen years, introduced themselves to their 
 kind readers from out the group of photos that preceded the questions 
 of each grade. The answers were illustrated where possible, with pen- 
 sketches. 
 
 The preparatory class explained the rudiments in part: the staff 
 notes and their values, rests and clefs. The first grade continued, with 
 their knowledge of time, accent, signatures, meaning of words referring to 
 movement, touch, etc. The second grade told of the formation of scales, 
 the relation of keys, of phrasing, and a little of the history of music. 
 Intervals, chords, modulation, counterpoint and rhythm were among 
 the subjects treated by third and fourth grades. 
 
 This method of combining theory with “Practising”, and the lines fol¬ 
 lowed in so doing, are common to all institutions of Notre Dame 
 (Mother House at Namur, Belgium). 
 
 (Exhibit of 2Tit. St. 3oscpfj Ctcabcmy, (Efjcstmit f)ill. 
 
 The Academy of Mt. St. Joseph, Chestnut Hill, whose exhibit was 
 included in that of the Diocese of Philadelphia, made a most creditable 
 display, illustrating the whole line of study as laid down in its curricu¬ 
 lum. The volumes of examination papers, essays, music, etc., were 
 bound in black morocco—a style more serviceable, though less attrac¬ 
 tive, exteriorly, than that used by some other exhibiting institutions. 
 When these volumes were taken up, however, by visitors really inter¬ 
 ested in educational work, they were not readily laid down, the con- 
 tentsbeing found most helpful, owing to the hints as to methods, etc., 
 that accompanied the actual specimens of class work. 
 
 The following is the list given of the articles exhibited : I. History 
 of Mt. St. Joseph (one volume, quarto), giving an epitome of the history 
 of the congregation, especially its educational work, from its foundation 
 in Puy, in 1650, up to the date of the Exposition. (2) Illustrated annual 
 catalogues of the academy giving views of buildings, etc., full curriculum 
 and lists of pupils. (3) Full explanation of the course of reading and 
 methods of composition employed in each grade. This part of the 
 volume was especially interesting, as the results of the system were laid 
 open to inspection in the essays and work of the grades. (4) List of 
 graduates from 1859 to 1892. List of exhibits at Chicago World’s Fair. 
 
 II. “Echoes from Auld Lang Syne,”—Large quarto volume of two 
 hundred pages of Salutatories, Valedictories, Dramas and Verses by 
 former pupils of Mt. St. Joseph. 
 
 III. Literary college course, being a volume of essays and examin¬ 
 ation exercises in literature; general and special, by several of the pupils 
 who had taken the Boston Home College Course and had been awarded 
 its diploma. 
 
 IV. to IX. Six volumes of class exercises by pupils of each grade as 
 follows : Elementary, junior A and B, academic A, B, C, and sub-gradu¬ 
 ates. These volumes contained specimens of examination papers of all 
 the studies pursued in each class, and illustrated both the teachers’ 
 methods and the pupils’ work. 
 
 X. to XI. Two large quarto volumes, each of about two hundred 
 pages, contained pupils’ exercises from the third grade of the music 
 course up to the tenth grade, the last named being exercises in counter¬ 
 point, harmony and musical composition. 
 
 XII. A quarto volume of exercises in Latin, German and French 
 illustrated the course pursued in the study of languages. 
 
 XIII. to XVI. Aset of four quarto volumes of essays which pre¬ 
 sented reviews and criticisms of books, also verses and poems, illustra¬ 
 tive of the course of composition pursued in the academy. 
 
 XVII. was an album of views of grounds, buildings, rooms and 
 classes of Mt. St. Joseph Academy. 
 
 In the department of botany, there were exhibited one large box 
 portfolio containing, in sheets 28 by 22 inches, exquisite specimens of 
 rare ferns—two of each showing the upper and under side of the fern; 
 with each was given full description. Seventeen double sheets bore the 
 dried specimens of leaves of various trees, with an explicit account of 
 each. Twelve sheets bore about sixty specimens of flowers,—all artist¬ 
 ically arranged and enclosed in cases for convenient use. 
 
 To illustrate geography, there were besides the examination papers 
 contained in the bound volumes, nineteen large maps 20 by 18 in 
 size, and painted in water colors; these were encased in a folio for pre¬ 
 servation. A relief map of the United States, 36 by 22 inches, mounted, 
 and a geological map of the United States, 36 by 22 inches, also mounted, 
 adorned the wall of the alcove. A folio containing about twenty spe¬ 
 cimens of ornamental text, scrolls, and other varieties of penmanship, 
 interested visitors greatly. 
 
 The display of drawing included one album of first grade drawing; 
 one folio of nineteen specimens of second and fourth grades, and six 
 sheets of fifth grade, also one large folio of twelve specimens of draw¬ 
 ings in perspective and from objects. Pictures composed from im¬ 
 aginary grouping of objects; also designs conceived for ornaments, for 
 wall paper, for oil cloth, and for friezes. Finally, one folio of drawings 
 in elementary grades, also designs with pantograph, and other interest¬ 
 ing specimens. 
 
 The exhibit of needle-work presented a large box folio, containing 
 specimens of sewing from the first grade up to the work of the gradu¬ 
 ates. There were specimens of darning, patching and stocking-making, 
 
 190 
 
also about forty specimens, in miniature, arranged in fancy boxes, of 
 every variety of fancy-work : —embroidery, bullion, silk, chenille, etc., 
 lace making, crochet, applique and knitting. * Besides the compositions 
 bound in the volumes, there were nineteen essays bound in card-board 
 covers and illustrated by the pupils who had composed them. 
 
 In addition to the specimens of drawing, there were exhibited as 
 part of the course in art:—A tripartite picture having in the center 
 panel, a picture of St. Joseph and the Child Jesus, with a list in each of 
 the side panels giving the dates of foundation of the Congregation of St. 
 Joseph, its first houses in France, and the foundations dependent on 
 Mt. St. Joseph Convent, Chestnut Hill. This piece is very distinct in 
 our illustration of alcoves 15 and 16. The crayon portrait of Archbishop 
 
 the parochial schools; six boxes of sewing from the Catholic Home for 
 Girls, Philadelphia; two volumes of compositions on house-work, cook¬ 
 ing and kindergarten subjects, from the inmates of the Catholic Home 
 and one album of views from the Catholic Home showing the building, 
 the rooms, the surroundings, the children at school, the sewing, bak¬ 
 ing, laundry work and other employments. 
 
 The Sisters from this Mother House presented exhibits from the fol¬ 
 lowing schools in the Archdiocese of Baltimore: St. Mary’s Star of 
 the Sea, Baltimore, St. Peter’s, Westernport, Md., and St. Mary’s, 
 Lonaeoning, Md., each of these contributed one volume of exercises 
 in all the studies of the various grades, also one folio of drawing. 
 
 From New Jersey also there were contributions from the schools in 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM THE ARCHDIOCESE OF PHILADELPHIA. (ALCOVES NOS. 15 AND 16.) 
 
 Ryan came from this institution. The other pictures were, “Falls of 
 the Wissahiekon,” Convent Grounds, in pastel, Entrance to Convent 
 Grounds, Mt. St. Joseph, in oil, and two friezes, one in carnations, the 
 other in pansies, both are distinctly visible in our illustration. They 
 were arranged, drawn and colored from nature by pupils of the art 
 course. 
 
 Besides the papers and other parochial school work of the diocese, 
 this community of Sisters exhibited, with their academic display, the 
 following parochial exhibits: Two volumes essays, history, minutes of 
 St. Catharine’s Reading Circle attached to the Cathedral Parochial 
 School, Philadelphia; three volumes giving specimens of children’s 
 work from each parochial school grade in Philadelphia; a large box 
 folio, containing about one hundred specimens of sewing, as taught in 
 
 charge of members of this community. These were numerous maps 
 drawn, colored and arranged in a folio by pupils of Our Lady’s 
 School, Orange Valley, N. J., of the School of Our Lady Star of 
 the Sea, Bayonne, N. J., and St. John’s School, Newark, N. J. One 
 folio of sixteen historical, geographical and geological maps, repre¬ 
 senting the State ol New Jersey, was sent by the School of Our 
 Lady, Orange Valley. The boys of this institution presented a folio 
 of large mechanical drawings and designs. 
 
 We were particularly impressed by the originality that pervaded this 
 exhibit; old facts and worn out educational I'equireinents were pre¬ 
 sented in a new way, and there w r as nothing either musty or dry about 
 its methods. 
 
 The Roman Catholic High School of Philadelphia presented the 
 
handsome array of clay modelling and wood carving shown at the left 
 of alcoves 15 and 16, as they are represented in our illustration. There 
 are but few Catholic High Schools in our country, and they, being in 
 charge of religious communities, have more the character of colleges and 
 academies, hence the history of the institution under consideration 
 will prove particularly interesting to our readers, and may inspire some 
 other wealthy Catholic gentlemen to leave a portion of their possess¬ 
 ions for so worthy a purpose, when they depart this life. 
 
 Thomas E. Cahill, the founder of the Roman Catholic High School, 
 or, as it is often called, the Cahill High School of Philadelphia, was the 
 son of Thomas Cahill, a native of county Louth, Ireland, who came to 
 America in 1817, and of Maria Elliott, daughter of one of the oldest 
 
 Cleveland was then Vicar-General of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia; 
 to Father Horstmann, Mr. Cahill confided his plans, looking to him for 
 advice. Death overtook the zealous heart before its generous schemes 
 were realized, but in his will were made ample provisions for the school 
 which bears his name. 
 
 “The cost of the lot and building, which is generally considered to 
 be the best and most imposing of its kind in the United States, was 
 about $230,000, while the yearly income of interest from the money in¬ 
 vested for its endowment, amounts at the present time to about $30,000. 
 Begun in 1886, its solemn dedication, on Sept. 5, 1890, by Archbishop 
 Ryan, in the presence of a distinguished audience, representative of 
 every walk in Church and State, marked an epoch in the history of 
 
 EXTERIOR VIEW OF EXHIBITS FROM ST. FRANCIS’ INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, EDDINOTON, PA. ARCHDIOCESE OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 colonial families of Delaware. Reverses of fortune having reduced his Catholic education in America. The exercises were memorable by 
 
 father to poverty, the boy Thomas had to work his own way to success, reason of the Archbishop’s eloquent and pertinent exposition of the 
 
 and this he did, with true Irish-American pluck, becoming the pos- attitude of the Catholic Church towards Christian education.” It is 
 
 sessor of great wealth, before he had reached his prime. To the world with regret that we omit a detailed description of the exterior and 
 
 Mr. Cahill was merely a repetition of the shrewd and resourceftil busi- interior of this magnificent edifice. 
 
 ness man ; but under the personality and exalted character that men “ Since its opening the High School has been under the able direc- 
 
 admired was a deep religious basis. Nor was his religion of the nomi- tion of the Rev. Nevin F. Fisher, a man whose wide scholastic attain- 
 
 nal kind, so deplorably common now-a-days. He was a man of con vie- ments and progressive educational theories discount his comparative 
 
 tion, and his life was a courageous expression of his belief. To him youth. With him is associated a corps of fifteen professors, and ten as- 
 
 Catholicity was more than a word. Its practices, zealously followed, sistant instructors, all with heart and soul in their work, and drawn 
 
 were the beacons of his career. from all quarters of the country, ability and experience being their 
 
 To found a school for the higher education of Catholic boys not able chief recommendations. Of them, at least one, Professor J. Liberty 
 
 to attend college became the dream of his life. The present Bishop of Tadd, of the manual training department, is a man of national lame, 
 
 192 
 
and the only one, in his particular work, who received an award and a 
 medal at the World’s Fair.” 
 
 Those desirous of knowing more about this noble institution will do 
 well to apply to the editor of Donnhoe's Magazine for the article, by 
 Patrick J. Coleman, titled “A Roman Catholic High School.” We are 
 indebted to it for the historical portion of this notice. 
 
 The list, on a preceding page, of the contributions made by this 
 High School to the educational exhibit looks brief, requiring but an in¬ 
 stant for its reading, and yet how much of intelligent, persevering labor 
 it indicates. “Twenty-four original designs”; hours, weeks and months 
 of severe application, mental and manual, had been necessary to bring 
 the students to the point of original designing of the simplest; these 
 
 existence and continued prosperity to the generosity of the Misses 
 Drexel, in honor of whose father it bears the title “ St. Francis’ School.” 
 
 Francis Martin Drexel, a Philadelphia banker, was born in Dorn- 
 birn, Austrian Tyrol, April 7, 1792, and died June 5, 1863. At the 
 age of twelve years, he was sent to study Italian and fine arts in 
 a Catholic institution near Turin. On his return to his home, in 
 1809, he found his country invaded by the French, and, being only 
 a boy, to escape conscription, he went to Switzerland, and subsequently 
 to Paris. When twenty years of age, he returned to the Tyrol, incog¬ 
 nito, and finding conscription still in force, went to Berne to continue 
 his study of painting. In 1817, he sailed for the United States, and on 
 his arrival there, settled in Philadelphia. After a few years, he went to 
 
 elaborately beautiful figures are the creations of well-trained minds 
 and the productions of skillful hands. Thirty-five pieces of modelling 
 in clay and seventy-six specimens of wood-carving, besides seventy-two 
 pieces of carpentry, was the handsome presentation that stood witness 
 in favor of the talent, skill and industry of Philadelphia’s Catholic 
 High School boys. 
 
 A careful study of our illustration will be amply repaid by the 
 pleasure it will afford any one interested in the training of youthful 
 heads and hands to the ready conception and execution of those de¬ 
 signs that win honorable success in the industrial pursuits of life. 
 
 On account of its intrinsic value, and because of the history of the 
 institution that presented it, the exhibit from St. Francis’ Industrial 
 School was accorded much special attention. This institution owes its 
 
 Peru and Chili, employing his time and well cultivated talent in paint¬ 
 ing portraits, among others that of General Bolivar with whom he 
 contracted a warm friendship. 
 
 After visiting South America twice and Mexico once, Mr. Drexel 
 settled permanently in Philadelphia, where he founded the banking 
 house of Drexel & Co., in 1837, one of the largest enterprises of the kind 
 in the United States. 
 
 His son, Antony Joseph, is now head of the Philadelphia house, 
 having been identified with the business since his thirteenth year. He 
 is zealous in promoting science and art, particularly music, and contrib¬ 
 utes largely to philanthropic and educational interests. 
 
 Another son, Joseph Wilhelm, who died in New York, in 1888, held 
 in that city, during his latter years, many positions of trust, con* 
 
nected with education and philanthropy. Among the last named in¬ 
 terests that claimed his special care and attention, was a two hundred 
 acre farm, near New York, where persons without work are lodged, 
 clothed, fed and taught agriculture, until employment is secured for 
 them. 
 
 This gentleman owned a large tract of land in Maryland which had 
 been divided into lots, having dwellings, mills, etc., built on them. 
 These lots are sold to poor persons at cost. About seven thousand 
 acres in Michigan are destined for a similar purpose. 
 
 With the influences of such relatives about them, it is not surprising 
 that the Misses Drexel should be animated with zealous generosity 
 towards the needy and afflicted. In 1886, they purchased two hun¬ 
 dred and twenty acres of land at Eddington, Bucks Co., Pa., on the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad and established there ay industrial school for 
 Catholic boys. It is the exhibit of this institution that now claims our 
 attention, but, no doubt, our readers will find a brief history of the 
 school interesting and profitable. Learning what has been done by 
 these noble minded ladies, some other wealthy Catholic may be in- 
 inspired “ to go and do likewise.” 
 
 In July, 1886, ground was broken for the laying of the foundation 
 of “ St. Francis’ Industrial School,” and the erection ot the main build¬ 
 ing was immediately commenced; the cornerstone was laid amid im¬ 
 pressive ceremonies, in November, of that year, by Most Rev. 1*. John 
 Ryan, Archbishop of Philadelphia. 
 
 The principal buildings being ready for occupation, in July, 1888, 
 on the 19th of that month, they were blessed by the Archbishop, and 
 formally dedicated to God’s honor and glory, through services to His 
 poor. 
 
 On this occasion, the school was opened by the installation of one 
 hundred and ninety-three boys from St. John’s Asylum, Philadelphia, 
 and seven from St. Vincent’s Asylum, Tacony. 
 
 Manual training became the distinctive feature of the curriculum 
 into which one improvement after another was introduced. Music, 
 that humanizing, elevating element of refined education, was given an 
 important place, and a brass band with twenty-six pieces, was organ¬ 
 ized, a professor being engaged to train the young musicians. A class 
 in carpentry, comprising eighteen pupils, one in blacksmithing, with 
 seventy-two pupils, another in plumbing, with the same number of 
 pupils, and one in stonecutting, with eighteen -members, were formed 
 at various periods within the first four years of the school’s existence. 
 The earnestness and alacrity with which the boys gave themselves to 
 mechanical work, from the first, had induced their patrons to make 
 these successive developments in the training department of the insti¬ 
 tution. 
 
 The courses of manual training occupy four years. When twelve 
 years of age, a pupil is allowed to begin his manual training, by enter¬ 
 ing the work shops, and to continue to learn and to practice his chosen 
 trade, until he graduates from the school. 
 
 The reader will notice, in our illustration of alcove 99, samples of 
 the industrial work of St. Francis’ School as they appeared at the 
 Columbian Exposition. There are the pictured specimens of plumb¬ 
 ing, carpentry, forging and stonecutting. In reality, they were very 
 solid evidences of a carefully trained skill in molding, carving, engrav¬ 
 ing, pattern making, lithography, stonecutting, smithing and joinery. 
 
 On the tables rested the albums filled with the work of well guided 
 pens, pencils and charcoal points. Drawing is the basis of manual 
 dexterity, expanding the mind and training the eye. 
 
 There are two leading divisions in the course for drawing:—free¬ 
 hand and ornamental, mechanical and architectural. The specimens 
 from each of these departments were numerous and must have begotten, 
 in those who executed the work, a cultivated taste, an appreciation of 
 the refined and a love for the beautiful. 
 
 The collections of pictures included conventional designs, either 
 copied or drawn from memory and original designs conceived by the 
 more advanced pupils. 
 
 The architectural specimens implied the use and proper care of 
 technical tools and instruments; the careful study of the geometric 
 principles, and the ability to execute geometric tracing. They included 
 studies of the shape and proportional size.of typical solids ; orthographic 
 and isometric projections, sections and intersections, with surface devel¬ 
 opments ; they likewise displayed conventional methods and techni¬ 
 calities according to the best and latest methods. Typical forms, 
 
 processes Olid principles of building and construction, also tile eiemento 
 of planning, of design and of sanitary conditions were presented m a 
 thoroughly practical manner. 
 
 The contents of the various albums were freehand drawings, draw¬ 
 ings from casts, geometrical tracing, linear drawings, designing (tor 
 carpets, wall-paper and oil-cloth), perspective drawing, stenciling and 
 lettering, also water color and pastel sketches. Exercises in original 
 work being required during the entire course, many specimens ot it 
 were given in the various collections. 
 
 The fresco painting could not be conveniently exhibited, of course 
 but the patterns and stencils were displayed, so also the fancy letter¬ 
 ing for sign painting. The specimens of modelling included heads ot 
 animals, human busts, and work in relief. 
 
 The specimens of stone-work showed the method of “surface finish,” 
 accomplished by the block being “rubbed, tooled, brush-hammered, 
 tooth chiseled and random pointed.” Samples were also presented 
 showing how to cut and chamfer simple moldings, return moldings, 
 raised and sunken panels. The examples of wood work illustrated 
 mitering, mortising, tenoning and dovetailing, also wood turning, scroll 
 work and carving. 
 
 Besides the trades suggested by these varied exhibits, the boys are 
 taught horticulture and agriculture, tailoring and shoemaking, stone- 
 masonry and bricklaying. Printing, though not taught at the time ot 
 the World’s Fair, was soon to have been introduced as a feature of 
 the curriculum, hence we may suppose that it is now numbered among 
 the trades in which St. Francis’ pupils have the opportunity to become 
 proficient. No doubt they fully appreciate all that has been done for 
 them by the foundress and benefactress of St. Francis’ Industrial 
 School, the generous, high-souled Mrs. L. D. Morrell, nee Miss Drexel. 
 
 Ctmerican Catholic Historical Society, pfjilabelpfyia, pa. 
 
 The exhibits of this society, as presented in our two illustrations of 
 alcove 40, are summarized in the following list:—Autographic Letter of 
 Thomas Burke of North Carolina. Autographic Letter of iEdanus 
 Burke of South Carolina. Manuscript Documents of Charles Carroll, 
 1st and 2d. Bishop Carroll’s Funeral Oration on Washington (with 
 Autographic Letters of both). Autograph Letter of Charles Carroll. 
 Autograph Letter of Bishop F. P. Kenrick. American Museum, Vol¬ 
 ume I, 1787. De La Porteric’s Boston Pastoral, 1799. M. Carey’s 
 History of Yellow Fever, 1793. Carroll’s Address to Catholics, 1784. 
 United States Catholic Miscellany, Volume 2,1824. Pious Guide, George¬ 
 town, 1792. Huby’s Spiritual Retreat, Philadelphia, 1792. Houdet’s Mor¬ 
 ality, Philadelphia, 1796. Unerring Authority, Lloyd, Philadelphia, 1789. 
 England’s Conversion and Reformation, Antwerp, 1725. England’s 
 Conversion and Reformation, Lancaster, Pa., 1813. Lingard’s England, 
 1st American Edition, Volume I, 1827. Butler’s Lives, 1st American 
 Edition, Volume I, 1822. Lloyd’s System of Shorthand, 1819. Silhou¬ 
 ette and Home of Thomas Lloyd. Original Seal of Maryland. Prayer- 
 Book owned by Captain Maguire, 1790. Cross made from first altar 
 erected in Pennsylvania. Three Medals on Board. Pectoral Cross ot 
 Archbishop Hughes. Pectoral Cross of Bishop Chanche. Pectoral 
 Cross of Bishop Gartland. Pectoral Cross of Bishop Van de Velde. 
 Seal and Chain of Bishop M. O’Connor. Thomas (i Kempis (in Ger¬ 
 man), Germantown, 1793. Pise’s History of Church, Volume 1, Balti¬ 
 more, 1827. Alexandria Controversy, Georgetown, 1817. O’Gallagher 
 on Penance, New York, 1815. Brosius’Answer (German), Lancaster, 
 1796. Bishop Fenwick’s Webbe’s Masses. Sacred Concert at St, Augus¬ 
 tine’s, 1810. Devotions for Catholic Blind, Philadelphia. Pastorine’s 
 History of Church, 1st American Edition, 1807. Laity’s Directory, 
 New York, 1822. United States Catholic Directory for 1833. Two 
 Church Music Books, 1787 and 1791. The Metropolitan, Baltimore, 
 1830. Catholic Christian Instructed, Philadelphia, 1786. Carey’s 
 Douay Bible, 1790. Prospectus announcing same. Carey’s New Testa¬ 
 ment, 1805. The Jesuit, Volume I, Boston, 1829. Catholic Herald, 
 Volume I, Philadelphia, 1833. Ring of Bishop M. O’Connor. Book Plate 
 of Charles Carroll, Sr. Signature of Lionel Brittin. Father Farmers 
 Reliquary. Miniature of Rev. S. S. Cooper. Father Mathew’s Auto¬ 
 graph. Archbishop Wood’s Catechism and Ordination. Autograph of 
 
 194 
 
Judge Gaston of North Carolina. Catalogue of Bishop Conwell’s Library 
 (Manuscript). Goshenhoppen Register. Bishop McGill’s Faith the 
 Victory, Richmond, 1865. Box No. 2: Bishops Egan and Conwell’s 
 Mitre, Bishop Neumann’s Mitre, Gallitzin Letter (framed), Loretto 
 Mission (Kentucky), Picture of Archbishop Carroll, 1812, Old Panel 
 from St. Inigo’s, Md. 
 
 The value of some of the above objects may not be at once apparent 
 to our readers, but a little reflection will enlighten them. The auto¬ 
 graph letters and their writers, for example, the one precious because of 
 the renown of the other, as those of Thos. Burke, an early Catholic settler 
 of North Carolina, and of iEdanus Burke who settled in South Carolina 
 at the time of the Revolution, and was remarkable for his great learning. 
 
 the synonym for all that is grand and noble in a churchman, is like¬ 
 wise a household word among true Catholics, so we need not here intro¬ 
 duce it to our readers. 
 
 “The pastoral letter of Mgr. De La Porteric, 1799,” is of interest, 
 because its author, Rev. Claude de La Potheric, gathered, after the Revo¬ 
 lution, in an old Huguenot church of Boston, that city’s first congrega¬ 
 tion, consisting of Frenchmen, Spaniards and Irishmen. On the 
 same spot, years afterwards, was built the beautiful and stately Cathe¬ 
 dral of the Holy Cross. 
 
 Thomas Lloyd, some of whose hooks were exhibited, was a resident 
 of Philadelphia in the latter part of the eighteenth and the early part 
 of the nineteenth centuries. He was the author of several excellent 
 
 EXHIBITS KROM THE AMERICAN CATHOLIC HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA. (ALCOVE NO. 40.) 
 
 Shortly before the war, Catholics, only because of their faith, had been 
 tarred and feathered, and exiled from the colony of South Carolina. 
 When it was found that the so-called Romanists were ready to lay 
 down their lives for liberty and that no soldiers were braver or won a 
 higher record in the fight for independence than the despised Irishmen, 
 the south was opened to them, though they had so recently been con¬ 
 sidered criminals, worthy of ignominious treatment and death. 
 
 It is needless to dwell on the memory of the members ot the Carroll 
 family; all are familiar with their noble characters and highly honora¬ 
 ble careers. Equally well known is the history of the Kenricks, of Irish 
 birth and education, both prelates of the Church in America, one in 
 Philadelphia and the other in St. Louis. Archbishop Hughes’ name, 
 
 controversial works, and the inventor of a system of shorthand writing. 
 A silhouette of him and a picture of his house that were exhibited were 
 quite interesting to those who knew him to have been a learned Catho¬ 
 lic of colonial days. 
 
 Rev. M. Brosius, a young German priest, was tutor to the renowned 
 Father Prince Gallitzin, before he became possessed of the first title. 
 Father Ferdinand Farmer, S. J., this name so changed and interpreted 
 from Steinmeyer in German, was born in Suabia, and became a Jesuit, 
 in Landsperge, making his vows in 1751. He desired to be sent to 
 China, but instead was appointed as missionary to Maryland, in 1752. 
 To him, New York City is indebted for its first fully organized Catholic 
 congregation, and Philadelphia for its first Catholic, mission, 
 
“A miniature of Rev. S. S. Cooper.” This clergyman was a con¬ 
 vert to the Catholic church, having been attracted to her ibid during 
 an illness at Paris, France. After several years of study, he was 
 baptized in Philadelphia, in 1807, and some years later, became a 
 priest. It was he who aided, with his fortune, the foundation of the 
 convent at Emmittsburg, where Mother Seton established the American 
 Sisters of Charity. His life was blest with many noble successes, all 
 of a spiritual nature, such as the conversion of Mr. Strobel, American 
 consul at Bordeaux, France, who became a priest in the Diocese of 
 Philadelphia. His benefactor, Father Cooper, remained in Bordeaux, 
 and died there, in 1843, reduced almost to indigence by his inex¬ 
 haustible charities. Having dwelt, to some length, upon the career of 
 
 a Brief Ctccount of tfje Origin anb progress of tfye CTmerican 
 Catholic historical Society. 
 
 This association, whose exhibit we have just described, was founded 
 in the city of Philadelphia, in 1883, by a number of learned ecclesiastics 
 and laymen, under the direction of the Most Reverend Ordinary of the 
 Archdiocese of Philadelphia. 
 
 In a letter of December, 1885, to His Holiness, Leo XIII., it is 
 stated that the aim of the society is to search out and gather together 
 all kinds of records relating to the origin, spread and progress of the 
 Catholic faith in the United States and other parts of North America, 
 
 'fi'iriwr "Tvrfi— 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 W-s y' 1 
 
 8 * r i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM THE AMERICAN CATHOLIC HISTORICAL, SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA. (.ALCOVE NO. 40 ) 
 
 Prince Gallitzin, when giving the history of the Diocese of Pittsburg, we 
 will not here repeat the information there given. 
 
 There is no need to explain why Father Mathew’s autograph is 
 considered a precious relic, all are acquainted with his grand career. 
 
 “Pise’s History of the Church, etc.,” is mentioned in the list. Dr. 
 Pise had a gifted pen which he devoted, early in the century, to reli¬ 
 gious topics. .When Bishop Dubois’ handsome, three-story brick 
 college burned to ashes, a few days after it was completed, it was Dr. 
 Pise who commemorated that deplorable occurrence in verse which 
 was published that same year in the Metropolitan magazine. The 
 poem was greatly admired for its tender pathos. The other personages 
 referred to in the list are so well known as to render special mention of 
 their careers wholly unnecessary. 
 
 so as to awaken among Catholics and non-Catholics an interest in the 
 history of the faith. 
 
 The benediction of the Holy Father, which the society had en¬ 
 treated, was granted it, and it has as far as possible proved itself 
 worthy of this encouragement during this, the first decade of its ex¬ 
 istence. 
 
 'Phe official body in control of the affairs of the society 'comprises a 
 president, first vice-president, second vice-president, treasurer, recording 
 secretary, corresponding secretary and librarian, also a board of man¬ 
 agers, including nine members. 
 
 The first official report was published in 1887, under the title 
 “Records of the Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia, Vol. T.— 
 1884-1886.” Such a volume was issued every two years, until 1893, 
 
 196 
 
in which year the “Record’* was published quarterly, and has con¬ 
 tinued to be so issued each year since. This circumstance alone shows 
 a marked advancement, and promises a steady progress for the future. 
 This quarterly publication is a veritable mine of interesting informa¬ 
 tion relating to the history of the church in the United States and 
 other parts of North America. 
 
 \Ye cannot do better, in our effort to make our readers acquainted 
 with this worthy association, than to quote from the address of a 
 chairman of a meeting held on March 31st, 1891. “It is our ambition 
 (and we intend to work for this in season and out of season) to estab¬ 
 lish here a great central library of reference, so that if an author or a 
 student wishes to learn any particular fact concerning the Catholic 
 
 of the church in the “New World”; additions ate made to these valuable 
 collections, by purchase, by the donations of generous patrons and by 
 the wills of departed benefactors. Documents and letters apparently 
 of little value often serve to clear up important points; such objects 
 are guarded with special care, by reason of their possibilities, while 
 books are gathered for their certainties. 
 
 In the cabinet of curios are preserved all sorts of relics, jiolitical, 
 warlike, and religious. A unique feature of this museum is a collec¬ 
 tion of figures, about eighteen inches tall, dressed so as to show the 
 garb peculiar to each religious order, male and female, recognized by 
 the church. 
 
 The papers, pamphlets, letters and documents exhibited by the 
 
 rr. joh.n’s and st. Vincent’s schools, Baltimore, archdiocese ok Baltimore. 
 S SCHOOL OF NEWARK, N. .1., DIOCESE OF NEWARK. (ALCOVE NO. 97.) 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM CHRISTIAN BROTHERS’ SCHOOLS. S 
 INSTITUTE AND ST. PATRICK 1 
 
 history of this country, he may come to us with the full assurance that 
 if it can be found anywhere, it will be found in the library of the 
 American Catholic Historical Society.” Early in the present year 
 (1896), the Catholic Historical Society took formal possession of their 
 new home, a handsome edifice erected especially for the society and 
 therefore adapted perfectly to its purposes. 
 
 Here a brilliant reception was accorded Cardinal Satolli, soon after 
 “the red hat” had been conferred upon him,by His Holiness, Leo XIII. 
 The splendid concourse of illustrious guests, the presence of distin¬ 
 guished churchmen and celebrated laymen, and the eloquent addresses 
 delivered, rendered the occasion one forever memorable, a fitting in¬ 
 auguration of a new and more brilliant era in the society’s history. 
 
 The possessions of the library comprise works touching on the history 
 
 society, at the Columbian Exposition, were displayed in three elegant 
 cabinets of metal and glass, and made a fine appearance, attracting 
 the eager attention of those interested in historical and antiquarian 
 studies. 
 
 It is needless to dwell further on the aims and labors of this society, 
 their importance is manifest, and it is to lie hoped that, within another 
 decade, the metropolis of each state may boast the existence, within its 
 limits, of such an association. 
 
 Christian Brothers in tl?c Diocese of Ttemark. 
 
 As regards the government of the Order of Christian Brothers, Balti¬ 
 more, Philadelphia and Newark belong to the Province of Baltimore, 
 
 197 
 
hence we place the exhibit! from the Diocese of Newark next to those 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 All the exhibits from Newark, except two, came from schools 
 in charge of the Christian Brothers and were as follows: St. Patrick’s 
 Cathedral School, Newark, N. J., which contributed one volume stere¬ 
 ography (by Brother Donatian, P. S. C.), seven volumes linear and me¬ 
 chanical drawing, four volumes architectural and mechanical drawing, 
 one volume colored maps, two volumes penmanship, one volume 
 mathematics, five volumes class work (first class), six volumes freehand 
 drawing (first class), one volume penmanship, two volumes class work 
 (second class), one volume penmanship (second class), four volumes 
 class work (second class), one volume class work (third and fourth class), 
 one volume of monthly examination reports, weekly reports and testi¬ 
 monials of merit, one volume school register, one album varieties of 
 cloth, collected by Maurice J. Allen; three charts illustrating twenty- 
 one parts of an incandescent lamp, collected by George W. Delaney, 
 Jr.; two charts illustrating the process of rubber manufacture, collected 
 by Matthew Walsh; three charts horology, collected by L. O. Shikluna, 
 John Walsh and Matthew Sullivan; one chart illustrating the manu¬ 
 facture of buttons from ivory nut, collected by Gregory Morrissey; one 
 chart illustrating uses of tool steel, collected by Charles Norton; four 
 charts food products, collected by Manus T. O’Donnell and John Y. 
 Hanrahan; two charts illustrating process of tanning and the finished 
 leather, collected by Francis N. Smith and Samuel J. Harrison; one 
 chart “ Oil Paints,” collected by Charles Shaffery; one relief map of the 
 United States (framed), eight relief maps. Catholic Institute, Jersey 
 City, N. J., presented three architectural designs (framed), one volume 
 linear drawing, one volume map drawing, one volume double-entry 
 book-keeping, two volumes each: Grammar, dictation, arithmetic, his¬ 
 tory and orthography. One volume homophonous words, one volume 
 phonographic exercises,.one volume business correspondence and mer¬ 
 cantile forms, two volumes specimen sheets of penmanship, three vol¬ 
 umes freehand drawing, one volume mensuration, one volume geograph¬ 
 ical exercises and ono volume grammatical exercises. St. .John’s 
 School, Paterson, N. J., made an exhibit consisting of one album each : 
 Dictation, arithmetic, typewriting, phonography, language exercises, 
 
 examination papers, compositions, geography, paraphrasing, dictations, 
 development of history, monthly examination reports, large maps, 
 linear drawing, business forms, mechanical drawing. Two albums 
 each : Ornamental drawing, specimen copies, three double show-cases 
 containing object lessons on silk, cloth, cotton, jute, flax, plush and 
 wood. The Institute of the Holy Angels, in charge of the school 
 Sisters of Notre Dame, was mentioned in connection with their collec¬ 
 tive exhibit. 
 
 Our Lady of the Valley School, Orange Valley, N. J., is in charge 
 of the Sisters of St. Joseph, and sent three albums of pretty drawings 
 and one album of excellent maps. 
 
 The exhibit from St. Patrick’s Cathedral School merits great praise; 
 it was a really magnificent display, illustrating the very best methods to 
 pursue in teaching boys. Each volume and every paper, whether a 
 class exercise, or a monthly examination, manifested a wide-awake air 
 of attentiveness, the practice of keen observation and an unfailing ap¬ 
 preciation of the value of rightly directed effort. 
 
 Any experienced person who reads the above summary of the objects 
 exhibited by the institution under consideration, knows that school life 
 was full of interest and was never dull, where the pupils were engaged 
 in making collections such as those mentioned in this list. One who saw 
 the exhibit, as did the writer, realized fully the value of the interest, 
 and consequent activity, awakened by the looking for, and the “arrang¬ 
 ing of twenty-one parts of an incandescent lamp ”; by preparing charts 
 “illustrating the manufacture of rubber”; of ivory, from the ivory- 
 nut; of cloth, from cotton and wool; of tools, from iron and steel; of 
 leather, from hides; and of oil paints from lead and other substances. 
 Nine handsome relief maps were also a part of the work accomplished 
 by these “go-ahead ” students. 
 
 St. John’s School of Paterson also presented a remarkable exhibit, 
 replete with instruction for the observer of it, and making an impression 
 of excellence upon the dullest mind. Every object presented features 
 worthy of admiration for their scholarly characteristics. Here again 
 had interest been aroused by the collection of specimens for object les¬ 
 sons, and each bit of cotton, wool, flax, hemp and silk represented a 
 positive benefit to the collector. 
 
 THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, AT WASHINGTON, 1). C.—MCMAHON HALL AND END VIEW OF DIVINITY HALL WITH VIEW OF CHAPEL. 
 
jke (®atl?olk 'gnicergit^ of s/^msrica. 
 
 -''T'MIE Catholic University of America was decreed by the Third 
 Plenary Council of Baltimore on the 6th of December, 1884. 
 The Council appointed a committee of seventeen trustees to at¬ 
 tend to its practical organization. This board of directors submitted 
 their plan to our Holy Father Pope Leo XIII., who gave it his solemn 
 approval on Easter Sunday, April 10, 1887, by a Brief bearing that 
 date, and addressed to the Most Reverend Archbishop of Baltimore, 
 whom he established as Chancellor of the university. 
 
 The Divinity Hall of the new institution was dedicated, and the 
 Faculty of Theology inaugurated on the 14th of November, 1889. 
 During six years the university consisted only of the School of The¬ 
 ology, in which postgraduate courses in Scripture, Dogmatic Theology, 
 
 California have entered as its pioneer students. But the various philo¬ 
 sophical, scientific and literary courses are recognized to be of inestima¬ 
 ble advantage to ecclesiastics also, and they are accordingly frequented 
 by a large number of the students prosecuting divinity studies as their 
 primary occupation. It is delightful to behold the eagerness with 
 which all these talented young men, who have stood among the fore¬ 
 most in primary and secondary education, are now vieing with each 
 other in their desire to profit to the utmost by the splendid opportuni¬ 
 ties offered by the university in the various lines of the highest uni¬ 
 versity education. And it is equally delightful to behold the enthusi¬ 
 asm with which the body of thirty professors, already assembled in the 
 institution, devote their energies to the magnificent work of laying 
 
 THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, AT 
 
 Moral Theology, Canon Law, Ecclesiastical History, Philosophy and 
 Literature were given to the picked ecclesiastical students of all the 
 dioceses of the country. 
 
 On the 1st of October, 1895, two other faculties were added to the 
 Faculty of Theology, namely, the Faculty of Philosophy and the 
 Faculty of the Social Sciences; each faculty comprising several depart¬ 
 ments, and each department being subdivided into several courses. 
 The Faculty of Philosophy comprises the following departments: Phil¬ 
 osophy proper, letters, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology; the 
 Faculty of the Social Sciences comprises departments of ethics and 
 sociology, economics, political science and law. These new faculties 
 are meant primarily for the lay students of the whole country, and the 
 best graduates of our principal Catholic colleges from New England to 
 
 WASHINGTON, I), c.—VIEW OF MCMAHON HALL. 
 
 broad and deep the foundation of the Church’s central and chief insti¬ 
 tution of highest Christian education in America. 
 
 Three of our religious orders, namely, the Paulists, the Marists, and 
 the Congregation of the Holy Cross, recognizing the incomparable ad¬ 
 vantages here to be obtained, have already established affiliated colleges 
 in connection with the university. Thus the institution is, as its glori¬ 
 ous founder, Leo XI11.. desired that it should be, a center of unity for 
 all elements of the Church throughout the country, a central fountain 
 from which the influences of Catholic learning and Catholic energy are 
 to be diffused throughout the land. 
 
 Students in the School of Divinity are admitted upon the recom¬ 
 mendation of their respective bishops, it being required that they 
 should have gone through the elementary courses of philosophy and 
 
 199 
 
theology before entering. Students in the Schools of Philosophy and 
 the Social Sciences, if they aspire to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 
 must have taken the degree of A. B. before entering; or if they have 
 been so situated that this was impracticable, then they must stand their 
 examination for the degree soon after entering the university. Those 
 aiming at the degrees in law are admitted on the same terms as in the 
 university law schools of the country. Students in the School of Tech¬ 
 nology must have made the elementary courses of mathematics and the 
 physical sciences preparing for higher studies in the various lines of 
 engineering. The annual tuition fee, admitting to all departments of 
 study, is 8100. Board and lodging can be obtained in the immediate 
 neighborhood of the university for 825 a month. Fuller information 
 can be obtained by applying to the rector of the university. 
 
 When the university took part in the splendid exhibit of Catholic 
 education during the World’s Columbian Exposition, it had only the 
 School of Divinity at work and could only give promise of the depart¬ 
 ments for the laity soon to be opened. When next the Church presents 
 to our country an exhibit of the kind, the university will be able to 
 show the great plan of Leo XIII. in large part realized, and worthy to be 
 the fitting crown of the whole system of Christian education in America. 
 
 John J. Keane was born at Ballyshannon, County Donegal, Ireland, on the 
 12th of September, 1839, and came to the United States when he was Beven 
 years of age. After finishing his classical course at St. Charles’ College, ho 
 entered St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, to complete his theological course and 
 was ordained a priest in 1866. 
 
 As assistant at St. Patrick's Church, he spent twelve years in Washington, 
 D. C., fulfilling his duties with such rare and edifying zeal and self-sacrifice that 
 he was selected, in 1878, to fill the See of Richmond. The growth of religion in 
 Virginia was remarkably slow ; from the time when the first Catholic altar 
 erected in our country was dedicated in that state, by devoted sons of St. 
 Dominic, to the elevation of Bishop Keane to the episcopate, the progress had 
 been scarcely visible, but in 1885, after seven years of labor on the part of the 
 zealous bishop, the Diocese of Richmond contained thirty-five churches, with 
 twenty-seven priests, four academies, thirty-two parochial schools and two 
 thousand pupils. 
 
 Bishop Keane was translated, in 1888, to the See of Ajasso, and became the 
 rector of the Catholic University of America. In this position of trust and 
 great responsibility, his life and deeds have been before the world as an open 
 book where all have been able to read a noble lesson in the active service of God 
 and souls. 
 
 RT. REV. JOHN J. KEANE, RECTOR OF THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY, 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 (X Complete Summary of ttje (Exhibits from tf?e prouince of Item 
 Ijork. 
 
 When Father Jogues, S. J., of most glorious memory, as mis¬ 
 sionary and martyr, first visited New Amsterdam, he found there two 
 Catholics, a Portuguese woman and an Irishman whose confessions he 
 heard. This was the first administration of a sacrament in New York 
 City which now contains eighty-four Catholic churches and forty-seven 
 chapels. 
 
 During the administration of the Catholic governor, Col. Thos. 
 Dougan, beginning in 1683, the number of Catholics in the Province 
 of New York must have increased considerably, but, as John Gilmary 
 Shea says, “If we may rely on the census, there were, in 1696, only 
 seven Catholic families in New York, and they suffered unceasing per¬ 
 secution.” Colonial history tells, indeed, a sad stoiy of the difficulties 
 that beset the Catholic church in the Province of New York, in the 
 early part of the eighteenth century. 
 
 Father Farmer and Father Whelan were associated with the early 
 course of the church in New York, so also was Father Nugent, an 
 Irish Franciscan, but his story is a sad one. 
 
 In 1787, the parish of New York was committed, by Bishop Carroll, 
 to the care of Father O’Brien, a Dublin Dominican. The edifice in 
 which he officiated was, for twenty-three years, the only church in what 
 is now the Empire City of our nation, a city, too, that is largely Cath¬ 
 olic. The history of St. Peter’s venerable old church and of its zealous 
 pastor is known to the greater number of our readers, so, too, is the story 
 of the saintly negro, Peter Toussaint, who gave Father O’Brien such 
 efficient aid, when the yellow fever epidemic was raging with such 
 uncontrolable fury. The subsequent career of this remarkable man 
 won for him so great regard, that, when he lay dead, a bystander was 
 heard to say “Here indeed is God’s image carved in ebony.” 
 
 Aid of another sort, but very welcome to the zealous pastor, was 
 afforded him by a former fellow student, the Archbishop of Mexico. 
 This enabled him to meet his money obligations of a more pressing 
 nature, and to erect New York’s first parochial school which was 
 opened in St. Peter’s parish, in the year 1800. How rapid has been 
 the progress of Catholic education during this century! Proofs of its 
 advancement, as to material structure, were given at the World’s Fair, 
 in a chart which presented pictures of the Catholic school buildings of 
 New York, and as to the imperishable structures of the trained and 
 educated intellect, they were vouched for by the numberless beautiful 
 educational exhibits which will be found summarized at the close of 
 this sketch and described in the preceding pages. 
 
 The Trappists were the first religious to establish themselves in 
 New York, where there are now eight different orders of religious men 
 and twenty orders of religious women. 
 
 New York was, of course, in the one original Diocese, that of Bal¬ 
 timore, but the Church grew rapidly, and in 1814, Father John Con¬ 
 nolly, of the Order of St. Dominic, was consecrated and became the 
 first Bishop of New York. In time, other dioceses were erected, making 
 that of New York include less space, while immigration increased its 
 Catholic inhabitants, so that when Rt. Rev. John Dubois, the second 
 bishop of New York departed this life, his successor was an archbishop, 
 the Most Itev. John Hughes, whom we feel like calling “The Great.” 
 He was, in turn, succeeded by Cardinal McCloskey, and then by His 
 Grace, Archbishop Corrigan. 
 
 When Archbishop Hughes was consecrated, the Province of New 
 York included the Dioceses of Brooklyn, Albany, Rochester, Buffalo, 
 Syracuse and New York; besides these, it now includes, Trenton, 
 Ogdensburg and Newark. 
 
 Of these, Buffalo, Brooklyn and New York had diocesan exhibits at 
 tbe World’s Fair. Many of the displays from Buffalo and Brooklyn 
 dioceses are commented upon on pages 28 and 30 ; we here give a sum¬ 
 mary of the exhibits as catalogued. 
 
 THE DIOCESE OF BUFFALO. 
 
 The Diocese of Buffalo exhibited displays contributed by fourteen 
 religious orders. 
 
 The Lazarist Fathers presented, from the Niagara University, work 
 that has been fully described on page 28. 
 
 The Jesuit Fathers of St. Canisius’ College, Buffalo, presented seven 
 
albums: Christian Doctrine, Bible History, letter writing, analysis, 
 essays, Latin, German, mathematics, history, compositions, geography, 
 Greek, algebra, Greek translations, philosophy; one album of drama 
 “ Columbus ” ; one album photographs, ten drawings. 
 
 The Gray Nuns of Holy Angels’ Academy, Buffalo, presented eigh¬ 
 teen volumes: Typewriting, stenography, catechism, physical geogra¬ 
 phy, analysis, ancient history, lessons in English, arithmetic, book¬ 
 keeping, physics and astronomy ; one hundred and fifty specimens of 
 botany; thirty-three pieces of embroidery; one eagle embroidered in 
 gold, and a 3et of photographs. 
 
 Holy Angels’ Parochial School contributed eleven volumes of pen¬ 
 manship, grammar, United States history, map drawing and composi¬ 
 tions. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Joseph were brilliantly and extensively repre¬ 
 sented by the following array of work from Buffalo: From Mt. St. 
 Joseph’s Academy, two volumes: History notes, catechism, geography, 
 dictation, arithmetic, orthography, German, drawing, fancy work, pho¬ 
 tographic views and one volume of maps. St. Boniface’s School, one 
 volume: Grammar, geography, German, arithmetic and drawing. St. 
 Francis Xavier’s School, two volumes: German compositions, map 
 drawing, geography, grammar and arithmetic. Immaculate Conception 
 School, five volumes: Penmanship, arithmetic, spelling, catechism, geog¬ 
 raphy, analysis, map drawing, history, music, physics, algebra and phy¬ 
 siology. St, John the Baptist’s School, one volume: Spelling, map draw¬ 
 ing, arithmetic and geography. St. Louis’ School, Female Department: 
 Six volumes : Examination papers, penmanship, drawing, music, arith¬ 
 metic, geography and compositions. St. Vincent’s School, one volume: 
 Geography, map drawing, grammar, arithmetic, spelling, United States 
 history, mechanical drawing and German. Mt. St. Vincent’s Academy, 
 one volume: History, catechism, geography, dictation,arithmetic,ortho¬ 
 graphy, German, drawing, fancy work, photographic views ; one volume 
 maps. St. John the Baptist School, Alden, one volume: Arithmetic, 
 geography, letters, grammar, German and German letters. St. Joseph’s 
 School, Buffalo Plains, one volume : American history, arithmetic, cate¬ 
 chism, grammar, geography, spelling and compositions. St. Mary’s 
 School, Dunkirk, three volumes: German, penmanship, map drawing, 
 United States history, Christian Doctrine, linear drawing, dictation and 
 language. St. George’s School, one volume: Map drawing, geogra¬ 
 phy, penmanship, grammar and translations. St. Mary’s Orphan 
 Asylum, one volume: Grammar, arithmetic, geography, needle¬ 
 work, music, map and linear drawing. St. Mary’s School, New 
 Oregon, one volume : Spelling, grammar, letters, arithmetic, geography, 
 compositions, drawing and music. St. Patrick’s School, Salamanca, 
 one volume: Photographs, geography, algebra, notes, book-keeping, 
 geometry, arithmetic, grammar, history, spelling, music, drawing, cate¬ 
 chism. Sacred Heart School, Suspension Bridge, one volume: Map 
 drawing, physiology, geography, catechism. Our Lady of Victory, West 
 Seneca, one volume : Arithmetic, grammar, maps, linear drawing, and 
 spelling. St. Joseph’s Boy’s Orphan Asylum, one volume : Arithmetic, 
 spelling, geography, catechism, grammar, history and drawing. St. 
 John’s Protectory and Orphan Asylum, Girl's Department: Four volumes : 
 History, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, essays, grammar, spelling, geog¬ 
 raphy and four specimens of needle-work comprising quilts and 
 mgs." Le Couteulx St. Mary’s Deaf Mute Institution, Buffalo, seven 
 volumes: “ Le Couteulx Leader”; two volumes: Arithmetic, geo¬ 
 graphy, grammar, history, map drawing, also three photographic 
 views, one oil painting, ten water colors, one specimen wood carv¬ 
 ing, and one specimen chair caning. 
 
 The Ladies of the Sacred Heart of Mary presented exhibits from in¬ 
 stitutions in Buffalo as follows : Mt. St. Mary’s Academy, ten oil paint¬ 
 ings, seventy-seven volumes and five albums: Grammar, book-keeping, 
 history, geography, physiology, essays, maps and illustrated stories. 
 St. Anthony’s School (Italian), twenty-one albums: Christian Doctrine, 
 arithmetic, spelling, letter writing, geography, Sacred History, drawing 
 and penmanship. School of Our Lady of Mercy, ten volumes : Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, history, arithmetic and analysis. St. Nicholas’ School, 
 two volumes: Analysis, map drawing, grammar, geography and United 
 States history. St. Joseph’s Cathedral School, Female Department: Fifty- 
 two albums: Spelling, map drawing, arithmetic, history, grammar, 
 geography and catechism. St. Mary’s School, Lancaster, nine volumes : 
 Arithmetic, geography, map drawing, analysis, Christian Doctrine and 
 United States history. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Francis were represented by the contributions of 
 the following institutions in Buffalo :—Sacred Heart High School, four 
 volumes fancy work, eleven samples of drawing, seventeen paintings, 
 thirty-eight volumes: Rhetoric, literature, history, book-keeping, 
 Church History, maps, arithmetic, harmony, German grammar, Ger¬ 
 man compositions, elementary drawing, spelling and kindergarten 
 work. Needle-work: one altar lace in filet, one tidy, one canvas tidy, 
 one tray cloth, one nightgown, one baby dress, one green table cover, 
 one neutral tint (in oak frame), one large oil painting, one large oil 
 painting (landscape), one map of New York, one pair silk mittens, 
 one Japanese basket, one lamp shade, one photograph bag, two fancy 
 wheels, one fancy toaster, three watch pockets and two needle-cases. 
 St. Agnes’ School, two volumes: Arithmetic, grammar, geography, map 
 drawing, penmanship and one album examination papers. St. Ann’s 
 School, fourteen volumes: Business letters, grammar, geography, Ger¬ 
 man, verse changed to prose, spelling, history, language, arithmetic, 
 Christian Doctrine, analysis, parsing and map drawing. St. Michael’s 
 School, nine volumes: Map drawing, arithmetic, compositions, gram¬ 
 mar, spelling and penmanship. St. Patrick’s School, seven volumes: 
 Geography, spelling, grammar, physiology, arithmetic, letter writing, 
 United States history, compositions and penmanship. Sacred Heart 
 School (Seneca St.), six volumes: Penmanship, business forms, draw¬ 
 ings, compositions, geography, map drawing, one picture reward of 
 merit, one carved ivory cross and three alliums examination papers. 
 Seven Dolors’ School, two specimens penmanship, six volumes : Gram¬ 
 mar, arithmetic, translation, drawing, geography, map drawing, com¬ 
 mercial and business forms, and three albums examination papers, one 
 oil painting (peacock), four crayon drawings, four silk throws, one 
 silk toilet, two bobbinet tidies, twenty-two other tidies, three aprons, 
 two worsted jackets, one pair worsted boots, one plush box, one glass 
 box, one pair silk mittens, one chatelaine bag, one Japanese basket, 
 one photograph bag, two fancy bags, four fancy wheels, one fancy 
 toaster, one fancy basket, three watch pockets and two needle-cases. 
 German Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, five volumes : Arithmetic, 
 geography, map drawing, grammar, translations, drawing and com¬ 
 positions. Three celluloid whisk holders, two aprons, one each of the 
 following: Picture, painting on doe-skin, oil painting, celluloid paper 
 holder, lavender silk throw, bolting silk cushion, handkerchief case, 
 silk bonnet, work basket, embroidered shawl, spider duster, paper 
 holder, shopping bag, velvet handkerchief case, bobbinet throw, pair of 
 mittens, pink dress, towel rack and silk throw. St. Agnes’ School, 
 East Buffalo, two volumes : Penmanship, grammar, geography, arith¬ 
 metic, map drawing and one album examination papers. St. Eliz¬ 
 abeth’s Academy, Allegany, six volumes : Stenography, mathematics, 
 drawing, book-keeping, penmanship, English literature, three oil 
 paintings, one water-color painting, one series of object and ornamental 
 drawing, two needle-work pictures, one veil embroidered in gold, one 
 preaching stole, and alb (lace). Fourteen Holy Helpers’ School, Gar- 
 denville, two volumes : Letters, arithmetic, grammar, map drawing 
 and geography. SS. Peter and Paul’s School, Hamburg, fifteen vol¬ 
 umes : Map drawing, Christian Doctrine, painting, geography, gram¬ 
 mar, arithmetic, caligraphy, German exercises, mechanical drawing, 
 German translations and one album examination papers. 
 
 The School Sisters of Notre Dame, of Buffalo, sent work from St. 
 Mary’s School, seven volumes: Grammar, penmanship, l nited States 
 history, mechanical drawing, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, compo¬ 
 sitions, dictations, geography, spelling, grammar and book-keeping; 
 four pictures in needle-work, one bracket of leather flowers, one wax 
 cross and roses. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Mary presented exhibits from four institutions in 
 Lockport, N. Y., viz,: St.John’s School, one volume: Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, geography, arithmetic, grammar, spelling, mensuration and draw¬ 
 ing. St. Patrick’s School, one volume: History, arithmetic, algebra, 
 history of Columbus, grammar, analysis, Christian Doctrine, drawing 
 and kindergarten work, and St. Mary’s School, one volume: Catechism, 
 arithmetic, geography, grammar, spelling and business forms. St. 
 Joseph’s Academy, one book of essays, one book needle-work, one hand- 
 painted fire screen, one oil painting, one photograph (St. Joseph’s 
 Academy), framed; two pieces hand-made lace, two cushions (raised 
 painting), and specimens of needle-work, also from four in Elmira, viz.: 
 St. John’s School, one volume: Spelling, business letters, Christian 
 Doctrine, geography and arithmetic. SS. Peter and Paul’s School, 
 
 201 
 
three volumes : Arithmetic, history, geography, map drawing, analysis, 
 grammar and letters. St. Mary’s School, one volume: Arithmetic, 
 Christian Doctrine, map drawing, compositions, geography and analy¬ 
 sis. Academy of Our Lady of Angels, one book of essays, two volumes 
 class work, one volume drawings, one pen-painting (lyre bird), five 
 framed drawings. 
 
 The Sisters of Mercy contributed work from St. Stephen’s School, 
 Buffalo, one volume: Catechism, arithmetic, geography, grammar, 
 letter writing and spelling. Female Department of St. Bridget’s School, 
 three volumes : Penmanship, grammar, geography, arithmetic and com¬ 
 positions. SS.Peter and Paul’s School, Jamestown, one volume: Gram¬ 
 mar, arithmetic, geography and language. St. Mary’s School, Niagara 
 Falls, three volumes: Church History, compositions, rhetoric, algebra, 
 physiology, physical geography, United States history, book-keeping, 
 civil government, history of New York, Christian Doctrine and drawing. 
 St. Mary’s School, Olean, one volume: Christian Doctrine, Sacred His¬ 
 tory, algebra, geometry, physiology, geography, grammar, map drawing, 
 natural philosophy, book-keeping and kindergarten work. Sacred 
 Heart School, Owego, one volume: Christian Doctrine, grammar, arith¬ 
 metic, geography, history, and map drawing. 
 
 The Sisters of Charity (Emmittsburg) were represented by a display 
 from St. Vincent’s Orphanage and Industrial School, BuffaloOne 
 Isabella gown, one empire nightgown, one child’s linen lawn dress 
 (made by hand), one child’s embroidered silk dress, two aprons for 
 children (crocheted bibs, trimmed with gold and pink ribbon), one 
 velvet embroidered card-case, one velvet embroidered broom case, one 
 dining-room table center-piece (embroidered in silk gloss), one 
 center-piece (embroidered violets), one set doilies, photographs of 
 building, school-room, bake-room and kitchen. Six volumes: Arith¬ 
 metic, geography, grammar, Christian Doctrine, history and physiology. 
 
 The Christian Brothers contributed work from St. Joseph’s Cathedral 
 School, Buffalo, Male Department: Fifty-three volumes: Mensuration, 
 arithmetic, penmanship, Christian Doctrine, orthography, grammar, geog¬ 
 raphy, composition, business forms, bills, book-keeping, letters, home ex¬ 
 ercises, typewriting and phonography. Five volumes: Ornament;)], 
 linear and map drawing. Ten drawings (framed). Male Department 
 of St. Louis’ School, Buffalo: Thirty-one volumes: Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, Bible History, German, English and German grammar, transla¬ 
 tions, arithmetic, geography, United States history, physiology and 
 penmanship. Male Department of St. Bridget’s School: Thirty-three 
 albums: Book-keeping, arithmetic, mensuration, penmanship, draw¬ 
 ing, business forms, typewriting, letter writing, history and reports, also 
 four photographs. 
 
 The Brothers of the Holy Cross displayed the work of the Male 
 Department of St. John’s Protectory and Orphan Asylum, consisting of 
 four books of electrotyping and typesetting and two large electrotype 
 plates. Also specimens of class work in bound volumes: Arithmetic, 
 history, grammar, essays, geography and Christian Doctrine. 
 
 For comments on the Buffalo exhibits, and views of them, the 
 reader will please consult the text on page 27, and the illustrations on 
 that and succeeding pages. 
 
 THE DIOCESE OF BROOKLYN. 
 
 The Diocese of Brooklyn was represented at the World’s Fair by 
 nine religious orders whose exhibits are here summarized:— 
 
 The Lazarist Fathers, St. John the Baptist’s College, Brooklyn : 
 One volume of Christian Doctrine, French translations, Latin, Greek, 
 astronomy, geometry, rhetoric and compositions. 
 
 The Christian Brothers, St. James’ Commercial School, Male Depart¬ 
 ment, presented twenty-eight volumes of examination papers, nineteen 
 volumes of typewriting, six volumes of shorthand, three volumes 
 business letters, four volumes penmanship and drawing, one volume 
 shorthand, arithmetic and literature; eleven volumes: Algebra, 
 arithmetic, geometry, catechism, grammar (shorthand); four volumes 
 arithmetic (shorthand); three volumes geometry, three volumes 
 algebra, arithmetic and mensuration (shorthand and transcription), 
 one volume photographs. 
 
 The Franciscan Brothers, St. Francis’ College, Brooklyn, eight vol¬ 
 umes : Geography, Christian Doctrine, grammar, arithmetic, physi¬ 
 ology, rhetoric, algebra, Greek, geometry, Latin, history, philosophy 
 and astronomy. Sacred Heart Institute, Male Department: Seven 
 volumes: Catechism, geography, writing, spelling, arithmetic, United 
 
 States history, typewriting, phonography, grammar, physiology, men¬ 
 suration, compositions, civics, algebra, history, book-keeping and English 
 literature. St. Leonard's Academy, three volumes: Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, arithmetic, geography, grammar, German, mensuration, algebra, 
 orthography, compositions, stenography, penmanship, book-keeping and 
 typewriting. St. Anthony’s School, Male Department: Two volumes: 
 Geography, grammar, civics, catechism, spelling, compositions, language, 
 arithmetic, phonography, typewriting, history, civics, physiology, al¬ 
 gebra and physical geography. St. Ann’s School, Male Department: 
 Three volumes: Writing, arithmetic, catechism, geography, spelling, 
 map drawing, United States history, book-keeping, algebra, business 
 forms, and grammar. Assumption School, Male Department: One 
 volume : Christian Doctrine, United States history, spelling, grammar, 
 typewriting, arithmetic, book-keeping, compositions and geography. 
 St. Charles’ School, Male Department: Two volumes: Geography, 
 grammar, spelling, arithmetic, catechism, penmanship, United States 
 history, civics, book-keeping, algebra, mensuration, typewriting, and 
 map drawing. St. John the Evangelist’s School, Male Department: 
 Two volumes : Spelling, penmanship, arithmetic, language, catechism, 
 geography, typewriting, civics, phonography, geometry, algebra, book¬ 
 keeping, compositions, grammar, United States history and map draw¬ 
 ing. St. Joseph’s School, Male Department: Three volumes: Geog¬ 
 raphy, map drawing, United States history, catechism, spelling, gram¬ 
 mar, algebra, civics, arithmetic, compositions, typewriting, physiology, 
 book-keeping, Bible History and natural history. St. John’s School, 
 Male Department: Two volumes : Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geog¬ 
 raphy, grammar and United States history. St. Francis de Sales’ 
 School, Male Department: One volume: Spelling, grammar, United 
 Sbites history, catechism and geography. St. Peter’s School, Male 
 Department : Two volumes : Christian Doctrine, geography, grammar, 
 civics, geometry, book-keeping, arithmetic, compositions, United States 
 history and drawing. St. Patrick’s School, Male Department: Ten 
 volumes: Grammar, mechanical drawing, algebra, United States 
 history, Church History, arithmetic, spelling, compositions, geography, 
 penmanship, geometry, dictations, shorthand, catechism, book-keeping, 
 civil government, typewriting, mensuration and commercial law. St. 
 Paul’s School, Male Department: Two volumes: Catechism, geog¬ 
 raphy, arithmetic, United States history and grammar. Our Lady of 
 Mercy School, Male Department: Three volumes : Typewriting, spell¬ 
 ing, catechism, geography, arithmetic, writing, grammar, United States 
 history, map drawing. St. Mary Star of the Sea School, Male De¬ 
 partment : Two volumes: United States history, arithmetic, cate¬ 
 chism, grammar, geograph}', book-keeping, dictations, spelling, business 
 forms and compositions. Visitation School, Male Department: Two 
 volumes: Grammar, United States history, geography, arithmetic, 
 spelling, catechism and Bible History. St. Vincent de Paul’s School, 
 Male Department: Two volumes : Language, grammar, spelling, Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, mechanical drawing, typewriting, penmanship, phono¬ 
 graphy, book-keeping, letter writing, map drawing, arithmetic and geog¬ 
 raphy. 
 
 The Sisters of the Visitation sent Avork from two institutions in the 
 city of Brooklyn:—Visitation Convent, five paintings, original work 
 and an herbaria. Visitation Academy, four volumes and two albums : 
 Christian Doctrine, rhetoric, chemistry, composition, letters, penman¬ 
 ship, physiology, French, German, Latin, music, astronomy, algebra, 
 physics and literature, also a large album of paintings and drawings. 
 
 The Sisters of the Sacred Heart presented work from Brooklyn :— 
 Academy of the Sacred Heart, one volume: Arithmetic, grammar, 
 United States history, French history, Sacred History and etymology. 
 
 The Sisters of Mercy were represented by the folloAving exhibits 
 from schools located in Brooklyn:—Sacred Heart Institute, Female 
 Department: Three volumes: Geography, catechism, United States 
 history, grammar, spelling, arithmetic, language, writing, algebra and 
 emes. Industrial School of Mercy: Samples of silk lace, needle- 
 Avork, crochet jacket, one pair shoes, tweh'e samples on card, crocheting 
 and buttonhole making, embroidery on muslin, one dressing gown, 
 two baby dresses (embroidered), three doilies and tAvo handkerchiefs. 
 Lace-Avork, drawn-work and crochet-Avork. 
 
 Several of the Brooklyn schools were taught, at the time of the 
 World’s Fair, by secular teachers; tAA'O of them presented exhibits as 
 follows:—Holy Trinity School, Male Department: Three volumes : Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, Avriting, compositions (German and English), grammar, 
 
(German and English), arithmetic, United States history, typewriting, 
 geography, natural history, drawing, and translations. St. Mala- 
 chy’s School, Male Department: One volume: Business forms, 
 arithmetic, algebra, Bible History, spelling, geography, United States 
 history, grammar, compositions and catechism. 
 
 The Sisters of Charity from Mt. St. Vincent on the Hudson sent 
 contributions from the following schools located in Brooklyn:—St. 
 Charles’*School, Female Department: One volume: Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, algebra, arithmetic,' history, grammar, civics, geography, compo¬ 
 sitions and business forms. St. Paul’s School, Female Department: One 
 volume: Christian Doctrine, Bible and Church History, geography, 
 grammar, civics, map drawing and physiology. St. Stephen’s School, 
 Male Department: Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, geography, 
 grammar, arithmetic, United States history, civics, compositions, physi¬ 
 ology, algebra, astronomy and natural philosophy. Female Department: 
 One volume : Business forms, catechism, civics, United States history, 
 geography, physiology, algebra, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, 
 Grammar, and crocheting. St. Mary’s Star of the Sea School, Female 
 Department: Four volumes : Arithmetic, catechism, geography, spell¬ 
 ing, physiology, astronomy, book-keeping, French, algebra, mensuration 
 and civics. St. Paul’s Industrial School, five volumes: Catechism, 
 Bible History, arithmetic, algebra, United States history, civics, gram¬ 
 mar, geography and map drawing. Samples of lace-work, needle-work, 
 crochet jacket, one pair shoes, thirteen samples of card embroidery, 
 crocheting, muslin button-hole making, one dressing gown, two baby 
 dresses (embroidered), two dressing sacques (embroidered), three 
 doilies, two handkerchiefs, one peacock embroidered, two oil paintings 
 on plaques, and one volume photographs. 
 
 The Sisters of Christian Charity (Wilkesbarre, Pa.) were represented 
 by an exhibit from St. Benedict’s School, one volume: Translations, 
 geography, arithmetic, and catechism. 
 
 The Sisters of Charity (Congress St., Brooklyn) presented work 
 from St. Peter’s School, Female Department: One volume: Rhetoric, 
 Evangeline, algebra, mensuration, arithmetic, grammar, United States 
 history, civics, map drawing, geography and catechism. The School 
 of the Assumption of the B. V. M., Female Department: One volume: 
 Grammar, Christian Doctrine, Church History, orthography, questions 
 on reading, geography, United States history, letter writing, civics, 
 compositions, astronomy, book-keeping, algebra, geometry and physi¬ 
 ology. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Dominic contributed work from several institu¬ 
 tions located in the city of Brooklyn, their exhibits were as follows: — 
 All Saints School, Male Department: One volume : Catechism, arith¬ 
 metic. compositions and German penmanship. Female Department: 
 Two volumes : Catechism, arithmetic, geography, compositions (Ger¬ 
 man and English), United States history, grammar and penmanship. 
 St. Bernard’s School, two volumes: Geography, grammar, spelling, 
 arithmetic. United States history, Bible History, composition, 
 and drawing. Holy Family School, one volume: Penmanship, 
 Bible History, United States history, arithmetic, compositions, 
 geography, translations, letter writing, book-keeping, grammar and 
 drawing. Holy Trinity School, Female Department: Three volumes: 
 Christian Doctrine, Bible History, English and German grammar, trans¬ 
 lations, compositions (English and German), United States history, 
 geography, natural history, maps, writing, drawing, mensuration, spell- 
 higlind one volume kindergarten. St. Leonard’s of Pt. Maurice School, 
 Male Department: Two volumes: Geography, grammar, arithmetic, 
 German, United States history, letter writing, catechism, Bible History 
 and kindergarten. Female Department: Two volumes: Catechism, 
 arithmetic, United States history, grammar, geography, Bible History, 
 compositions, translations and letter writing. St. Michael’s School, 
 Male Department: Two volumes: Catechism, geometry, arithmetic, 
 geography, United States history, spelling, language and compositions. 
 Female Department: Two volumes: Catechism, geography, grammar, 
 spelling,, physiology, arithmetic, paraphrasing, United States history, 
 map drawing, and kindergarten. St. Nicholas’ School, Male Depart¬ 
 ment: One volume: Letter writing, compositions, catechism, arithme¬ 
 tic, Bilile History and spelling. Female Department: One volume : 
 Arithmetic, catechism, Bible History, grammar and geography. Sor¬ 
 rowful Mother School, one volume: Catechism, Bible History, writing, 
 compositions, history, letter writing, natural history, United States his¬ 
 tory, geography, map drawing, grammar, translations and kindergarten. 
 
 Holy Trinity Orphan Asylum, one volume: Christian Doctrine, arith¬ 
 metic, English grammar, geography, United States history, Bible His¬ 
 tory, German penmanship, compositions and translations. St. Fidelis’ 
 School, College Point, one volume: Language, grammar, arithmetic, 
 spelling, geography, United States history and compositions. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Joseph (St. Joseph’s Convent, Flushing, N. Y.,) 
 were even more extensively represented in the Brooklyn Diocesan ex¬ 
 hibit than in that of Buffalo; twenty-two of their schools contributed 
 to the latter and twenty-five to the former. The displays from the 
 Brooklyn institutions were as follows:—St. Joseph’s Academy, forty- 
 six mechanical drawings, twelve paintings, six essays, one volume 
 class work, one volume photographs. St. Joseph’s Novitiate, one vol¬ 
 ume centennial dramas, one pastel portrait of Bishop McDonnell. Na¬ 
 tivity Academy, Male Department: One volume: Catechism, arithmetic, 
 book-keeping, history, drawing, typewriting and map drawing. Female 
 Department: Two volumes: Grammar, catechism, map drawing, arith¬ 
 metic, book-keeping, drawing, dictation, algebra, geometry, composi¬ 
 tions, physiology, typewriting and geography. Nativity Institute, 
 two volumes: Map drawing, algebra, mechanical drawing, composi¬ 
 tions. St. Thomas Aquinas’ Academy, two volumes: Christian 
 Doctrine, map drawing, spelling, definitions, compositions, gram¬ 
 mar, geography, civil government, natural philosophy, literature, phy¬ 
 siology, arithmetic, algebra, German and French translation. St. 
 Agnes’ Seminary, two volumes: Geography, map drawing, letter 
 writing, grammar, language, arithmetic, book-keeping, general history, 
 autographs, business forms, French, physiology, Christian Doctrine. 
 United States history, thirteen examination papers, six paintings, fifteen 
 specimens of needle-work and crocheting. St. Ann’s School, Female 
 Department: Four volumes: Arithmetic, civil government, geography, 
 spelling, map drawing, United States history, compositions, grammar, 
 critical reading, algebra, history, catechism and business forms. St- 
 Anthony’s School, Female Department: Five volumes : Catechism, his¬ 
 tory, arithmetic, spelling, grammar, geography, United States history, 
 literature, hygiene, geometry, algebra and compositions. St. Francis 
 de Sales’ School, Female Department: Two volumes: Spelling, cate¬ 
 chism, arithmetic, grammar. United States history, geography, civics, 
 algebra and composition. Holy Cross School, one volume : Christian 
 Doctrine, map drawing, arithmetic, writing, grammar, United States his¬ 
 tory, geography, and letter writing. St. John’s School, Female Depart¬ 
 ment: Two volumes: Christian Doctrine, geography, United States his¬ 
 tory, Church History, map drawing, civics, physiology, literature and 
 compositions. St. John the Evangelist’s School, Female Department: 
 Nine volumes: Arithmetic, geography, grammar, United States history, 
 dictation, map drawing, Bible History, music, language and business 
 forms. St. James’ School, Female Department: Eight volumes : Chris¬ 
 tian Doctrine, definitions, spelling, geography, arithmetic, language, 
 drawing, writing, business forms, grammar, United States history, 
 algebra, map drawing, Sacred History, civics, English literature, 
 compositions and natural philosophy. St. Joseph’s School, Female 
 Department: Two volumes: Catechism, spelling, algebra, arithmetic, 
 geography, grammar, United States history, literature, geometry, rhe¬ 
 toric, philosophy, physiology, writing, compositions, business forms, 
 drawing and needle-work. St. Malachy’s School, Female Department: 
 One volume: Catechism, Bible History, spelling, geography, United 
 States history, grammar, algebra, compositions and Bible History. Our 
 Lady of Good Counsel School, Male Department: One volume: Business 
 forms, catechism, arithmetic, United States history, algebra, map draw¬ 
 ing, civics, grammar, geography and spelling. Female Department: Two 
 volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, history, algebra, geography, 
 grammar, civics, spelling and drawing. Our Lady of Peace School, five 
 volumes: Map drawing, geography, Christian Doctrine, book-keeping, 
 arithmetic and spelling. Our Lady Star of the Sea School, one volume : 
 Catechism, spelling, geography, grammar, United States history, arith¬ 
 metic and letter writing. Our Lady of Mercy School, Female Depart¬ 
 ment : Two volumes : Catechism, spelling, grammar, composition, alge¬ 
 bra, United States history, arithmetic, geography, map drawing. SS. 
 Peter and Paul’s School, Male Department: Two volumes: Christian 
 Doctrine, geography, grammar, United States history, arithmetic, spell¬ 
 ing, Bible History. Female Department: Two volumes: Compositions, 
 history, spelling, book-keeping, grammar, geography, Christian Doctrine, 
 business forms, map drawing, Bible History, and algebra. St. Patrick’s 
 School, Female Department: Two volumes: Arithmetic, dictations, geog- 
 
raphy, grammar, United States history, spelling, Church History, lan¬ 
 guage, algebra, Christian Doctrine, map drawing, writing and composi¬ 
 tions. St. Teresa’s School, Male Department : One volume : Book-keep¬ 
 ing, map drawing, compositions, geography, spelling, algebra, arithmetic, 
 history, Christian Doctrine, grammar. Female Department: Two 
 volumes: Compositions, grammar, geography, spelling, arithmetic, me¬ 
 chanical drawing, Christian Doctrine, book-keeping, United States his¬ 
 tory and algebra. St. Vincent de Paul’s School, Female Department: 
 Two volumes : Compositions, grammar. Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, 
 
 civics, United States history, algebra, geography, spelling, photographs. 
 The Visitation School, Female Department: Four volumes, catechism, 
 spelling, arithmetic, geography, compositions, grammar, United States 
 history, algebra, civics, business forms and drawing. St. John’s Home, 
 three volumes: Arithmetic, catechism, language, spelling, compositions, 
 drawing and two volumes kindergarten. St. Malachy’s Home, one 
 volume: Catechism, United States history, geography, grammar, dicta¬ 
 tions, arithmetic, business forms, letter writing, Bible History and 
 compositions. 
 
 Ttye s^rcfycliocese of York. 
 
 (Resumed from page IS.) 
 
 F IFTY years ago one college, one or two academies, and a few those who held the responsibility of allairs. When a share of the 
 
 parochial schools, held in basements of churches, constituted public funds was refused him, the lion-hearted Archbishop Hughes 
 
 the educational resources of the Catholics of New York. Their means uttered the mandate that has echoed in Catholic hearts ever since, and 
 
 were limited, their advantages small, but, believing that religion and caused to spring up in all directions, the parochial schools of the nation, 
 
 learning should go hand in hand,they were ready to make any sacrifice “ Go,” commanded their indomitable prelate, “go and build your own 
 
 necessary to secure for their children the benefits of a truly Catholic schools; raise arguments of stone, with the cross on top; raise argu- 
 
 education and training. A lively faith and the spirit of sacrifice haye ments in the shape of the best educated and most moral citizens of the 
 
 accomplished all the great religious deeds of the world; in New Republic, and the day will come when you will force recognition.” 
 
 York these powers lost nothing for want of earnestness on the part of Fifty years of progress have passed. since then, and glorious is their 
 
 EXTERIOR VIEW OF ALCOVES NO. 5 TO 14, EXHIBITS OF THE ARCHDIOCESE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 204 
 
record, as manifested at the Columbian Exposition. One of the features 
 of the New York exhibit was a picture showing the growth of Catholic 
 education in that diocese, from three school buildings to one hundred 
 and sixty-eight, in fifty years. The picture or chart gave, in colors, a 
 fair representation of each Catholic institution then existing in the great 
 metropolis. An accompanying list gave the names of all the schools of 
 the Archdiocese, with a number attached indicating the position of each 
 school in the picture, so that it might be recognized at once. Around 
 the border of this illustration, were quotations from the Doctors of the 
 Church, from the Popes, and from our most eminent prelates, regarding 
 the necessity of Christian Education. 
 
 Including the schools taught by the Sisters of Charity, especially 
 
 charge of the Christian Brothers, and each presented an exhibit of 
 such bewildering variety and of such superior excellence as to make 
 it hopeless to attempt a just or full description. To merely name the 
 subjects treated of would fill many pages of this publication. 
 
 The Christian Brothers in the United States have their schools di¬ 
 vided into five provincial districts, named and governed, at the time of 
 the Columbian Exposition, as follows: New York, two provincials, 
 Brother Justin and Brother Quintinian; St. Louis, Brother Paulian; 
 San Francisco, Brother Bettelin; Baltimore, Brother Romuald. 
 
 The Baltimore Province includes the schools in the Archdioceses of 
 Baltimore and Philadelphia and in the Diocese of Newark. 
 
 The Province of San Francisco includes the Archdiocese of San 
 
 EXHIBITS OF THE ACADEMY OF THE HOLY ROSARY, ST. JEROME’S ACADEMY AND SCHOOL, ST. NICHOLAS’ SCHOOL, ST. VINCENT FERRER’S, AND ST. 
 
 Stephen’s school, (alcove no. 5.) 
 
 mentioned in connection with St. Vincent’s on the Hudson, New York 
 City exhibited work from the schools of the Christian Brothers, of the 
 Ursuline Sisters, of the School Sisters of Notre Dame, of the Dom¬ 
 inican Sisters, of the Brothers of Mary and of the Franciscan Sisters. 
 
 Manhattan College, with its three departments, preparatory, business, 
 and scientific, De La Salle Institute and De La Salle Academy, also the 
 parochial schools at the Cathedral, at St. Brigid’s Church, at St. Alphon- 
 sus’, at St. Gabriel’s, at the Holy Innocents, at the Immaculate 
 Conception, at St. James’, at St. Joseph’s, at St. Mary’s, at St. Nicholas’, 
 at St. Patrick’s, at St. Peter’s, at St. Theresa’s, at St. Patrick’s in New¬ 
 burgh, and at St. Mary’s in Yonkers, also St. Joseph’s Normal School at 
 Amawalk, and the Sacred Heart Academy at Westchester, all are in 
 
 Francisco and the Diocese of Sacramento. The Province of St. Louis 
 includes the schools of the Archdioceses of St. Louis, New Orleans, 
 St. Paul and Chicago; the Dioceses of St. Joseph, Kansas City and 
 Nashville. The Province of New York includes the Archdiocese of New 
 York, the Dioceses of Albany, Syracuse, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Springfield, 
 Providence, Manchester, Burlington, Cleveland and Halifax. 
 
 The magnificent, collective exhibit made up of contributions from all 
 these schools, was too extensive to be represented in these pages in its 
 total magnitude, hence the subject has been divided, and important 
 portions of the great whole have been described in various parts of this 
 publication. There remain, of the Christian Brothers’ school exhibits 
 yet to be noticed, those from institutions located in New York City, 
 
 20 s 
 
in Albany, Burlington, Providence, Chicopee, Jersey City, Newark, Pat¬ 
 erson, Troy, Amawalk, Utica and Yonkers, also Halifax. 
 
 Each of these displays will be described as we meet with them, in 
 making our retrospective visits to the various alcoves, where New York 
 contributions were arranged for the inspection of the delighted public. 
 
 1 he Ursuline Sisters, the Sisters of Charity, the Dominican Sisters 
 and the Christian Brothers had exhibits from seven schools grouped in 
 the same alcove. 
 
 We will now visit alcove No. 5, in the New York Department; 
 though it is very bright and pretty, with its array of exhibits of varied 
 style and appearance, yet is it not “a wee, sma’” spot for the educa¬ 
 tional productions of two academies and five large parochial schools ? 
 
 umes: Arithmetic, algebra, book-keeping, geometry, diagrams, cate¬ 
 chism, dictation, grammar, English compositions, map drawing, Ger¬ 
 man composition, geography, German penmanship, music, five 
 framed photographs, two paintings on glass, two pictures. Kinder¬ 
 garten work, stenography and typewriting. Three knitted capes, one 
 knitted sacque, two pair slippers, one velvet photograph case, one silk 
 and wool hood, one silk neck-tie, one crochet cap, one pair crochet 
 leggins, two lace tidies, one linen handkerchief, two celluloid calendars, 
 two celluloid cases. St. Vincent Ferrer’s School, Dominican Sisters, 
 teachers, eighteen volumes: Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, 
 grammar, United States history, mechanical drawing, freehand draw¬ 
 ing, language, composition, dictations. 
 
 EXHIBITS OB’ ST. BRIGID’S, ST. PBTEK'S, AND ST. JOSEPH'S SCHOOLS. (ALCOVE NO. 6.) 
 
 “Not enough space” was the cry, on every side. By the wise manage¬ 
 ment of the leading spirit, each of these little retreats had its space 
 multiplied many fold, its walls and tables bearing the greater part of 
 the burden of things pretty and profound. Here we find exhibits from : 
 St. Jerome’s Academy, Ursuline Nuns, teachers, contribution: Two vol¬ 
 umes of arithmetic, grammar, spelling, Christian Doctrine, reading, 
 penmanship and map drawing. St. Jerome’s School, Ursuline Nuns, 
 teachers, eight volumes: Spelling, reading, writing, arithmetic, geogra¬ 
 phy, United States history and Christian Doctrine. St. Stephen’s 
 School, Sisters of Charity, teachers, eight volumes: Book-keeping, 
 drawing, algebra, arithmetic, geography, geometry, grammar, composi¬ 
 tion, United States history, Christian Doctrine and spelling. Academy 
 of the Holy Rosary, Sisters of St. Dominic, teachers, thirty-seven vol- 
 
 St. Jerome was honored in being patron of such worthy institu¬ 
 tions, as those mentioned above. 
 
 The fancy needle-work, so neat, pretty.and tasty had been, to the 
 young producers of its usefulness and beauty, more than mere training 
 of eye, hand and taste, it had been likewise a discipline of the will, an 
 exercise in obedience, and other lovely virtues. 
 
 The specimens of penmanship and of map drawing presented by St. 
 Jerome’s pupils of both school and .academy, were beautifully executed, 
 and the various papers were carefully and correctly prepared. 
 
 From St. Stephen’s there was admirable work in history and geogra¬ 
 phy, also excellent demonstrations in mathematics. 
 
 The extensive exhibit of thirty-seven volumes from the Holy Rosary 
 Academy spoke well for the energy of the teachers and the industry of 
 
the pupils. The clearly written, well expressed and correctly stated 
 contents of these volumes bore as many evidences of the proficiency of 
 pupils and ability of teachers as those books had pages. The same 
 may. with equal justice, be said of the eighteen volumes from the 
 School of St. Vincent Ferrer. This institution has a fine reputation 
 which its exhibit supported and enhanced. 
 
 In this alcove (No. 5) was exhibited also the displays from: St. 
 Nicholas’ School, female department, Dominican Sisters, teachers, con¬ 
 tribution: twelve volumes of German and English grammar, composi¬ 
 tions, United States history, geography, German and English penman¬ 
 ship, German dictation, catechism, map drawing, mechanical drawings, 
 book of kindergarten work. Two framed photographs, one apron, one 
 
 been the drill, persistent the training, in accordance with good methods, 
 before such papers were produced, such pictures presented, such handi¬ 
 work accomplished by either boys or girls. Such an exhibit stands for 
 a hundred-fold more of merit, labor and success than even so excellent 
 a public appearance reveals. This is more exactly the fact when stated 
 of boys’ than of girls’ work, as all will agree who have taught the 
 former, either alone or classed with girls. 
 
 Between two and three hundred volumes of elegantly written and 
 correctly expressed class work, a large number of albums, filled with 
 beautifully drawn pictures, maps and charts, and many other objects 
 of educational value were presented to the gaze of interested visitors in 
 alcove 6, as shown in our illustration. This extensive exhibit was 
 
 EXHIBITS OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION SCHOOL (E. 14th ST.), IMMACULATE CONCEPTION SCHOOL (lolsT ST.), ST. ALPHONSUS’ SCHOOL, ST. LAWRENCE 
 SCHOOL, AND ST. MARY’S SCHOOL, POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. (ALCOVE NO. 7.) 
 
 knitted cape, lace throw, one satin cushion, one satin hand-bag, one lace 
 tidy, one crochet tidy, one pair shoes, one pair boots, one pair satin slip¬ 
 pers, one drawn throw, one gingham apron. St. Nicholas’ School, male 
 department, taught by Christian Brothers, contribution: six volumes of 
 grammar, religious instructions, Bible History, arithmetic, algebra, pen¬ 
 manship, geography. Two volumes each, class work and book-keeping. 
 Three volumes each, linear drawing and freehand drawing. Four vol¬ 
 umes, arithmetic. Eight volumes each: German and English penman¬ 
 ship and freehand drawing. Three large framed drawings. 
 
 These displays were worthy of the zealous and experienced teachers 
 who directed their preparation, but such results were not attained sud¬ 
 denly, or just for a particular occasion. Long and patient must have 
 
 contributed by four of New York’s parochial schools, in charge of the 
 Christian Brothers St. Brigid’s School, which sent thirty-one volumes 
 book-keeping, fifty-two volumes “Home Exercises”: Grammar, inven¬ 
 tion, punctuation, arithmetic, algebra, mensuration and compositions, 
 forty-seven volumes penmanship, nineteen volumes penmanship and 
 business forms, thirty-two volumes freehand drawing, eight volumes 
 linear drawing, four volumes map drawing, one volume pen-work, 
 twenty-seven volumes printing (old English, marking, French and 
 round hand), one album photographs, one album showing improvement 
 in writing. St. Joseph’s School, which contributed one volume each 
 of Christian Doctrine, geograph.® two volumes each of grammar, map 
 and linear drawing, six volumes mathematics and book-keeping, four- 
 
 207 
 
teen volumes freehand drawing, sixteen volumes penmanship and one 
 album photographs of pupils. St. Peter’s School, which contributed 
 ten volumes book-keeping, twelve volumes penmanship, seventeen 
 volumes ornamental drawing, five volumes geography, two volumes 
 Christian Doctrine, twelve single pieces linear drawing, eight pieces 
 ornamental drawing, seven volumes arithmetic, twenty-one copy books 
 grammar, eighteen volumes compositions, twenty-four .volumes mathe¬ 
 matics, four large wall maps, one volume linear drawing (from object). 
 St. Teresa’s School, which sent twenty-eight volumes grammar, twenty- 
 seven volumes arithmetic, seventeen volumes algebra, sixteen volumes 
 Christian Doctrine, ten volumes orthography, seventeen volumes pen¬ 
 manship, four volumes geography, five volumes map drawing, three 
 volumes drawing and one volume history. 
 
 five crayon pictures, dogs, harps, flowers and birds; three oil paintings, 
 scenes from nature, and one painted velvet banner. The illustrations 
 in natural and physical sciences, also the history maps were well exe¬ 
 cuted, and quite attractive. The banner was rich and elegant, bearing 
 colored ribbons for the thirteen original colonies, gold stars lor the 
 states and an eagle painted. 
 
 St. Brigid’s School, female department, Sisters of Charity, New York 
 City, contributed five volumes of drawing, four volumes specimens 
 sewing, eighteen volumes spelling, penmanship, language, grammar, 
 compositions, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, geography, United States 
 history and dictations. 
 
 St. Joseph’s School, Le Roy street, Sisters of Charity, teachers, pre¬ 
 sented four volumes of papers on theUcpmmon school studies, and one 
 
 EXHIBITS OF ST. .TAMER’. ST. MARY’S, AND ST. PATRICK’S SCHOOLS, NEWBURGH, AND ST. MARY’S ACADEMY. (ALCOVE NO. 8.) 
 
 The reader will note the mention of “Home Exercises”; these were 
 in pamphlet form, and contained the unaided efforts of the pupils, in 
 performing assigned tasks, in the various branches of study. These 
 neat, orderly little volumes were among the best tests of scholarship 
 that were exhibited. Such papers were common in all the New York 
 exhibits, prepared under the direction of the Christian Brothers. The 
 personal productions of the students, these pamphlets were the best 
 evidence it was possible to give of either deficiency or proficiency. 
 
 St. Brigid’s School, female department, taught by Sisters of Charity, 
 had an exhibit of ten volumes : Arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, gram¬ 
 mar, reading, United States history, writing, language, physiology, 
 physics, astronomy, and drawing. On the wall were two framed maps, 
 
 volume of kindergarten work, besides four volumes of arithmetic, book¬ 
 keeping, geography, history, Christian Doctrine and Bible History. 
 
 St. Peter’s School, female department, Sisters of Charity, six volumes: 
 Music, United States history, geometry, algebra, Christian Doctrine, 
 catechism, arithmetic and dictation. 
 
 St. Stephen’s School has teachers of the same Order; the pupils con¬ 
 tributed eight volumes of work similar to that from St. Peter’s School. 
 
 St. Theresa’s School, female department, taught by the Ursuline 
 Nuns, presented twenty-three volumes of common school and high 
 school work, displaying the excellent methods of the teachers in a most 
 creditable manner. These volumes contained papers on language, 
 arithmetic, numbers, catechism, geography, United States history, Eng- 
 
 208 
 
lish history, grammar, algebra, also specimens of map and freehand 
 drawing. 
 
 All these displays were remarkable for the excellent methods which 
 the pupils had been trained to practice. Evidently the training had 
 been vigorous, and good educational practices had been persistently 
 demanded, until the use of them had become a second nature. This was 
 particularly true of the exercises in mathematics. 
 
 Our footsteps bring us now, in imagination, to alcove 7, where the 
 Catholic educational system of New York City and Diocese was still 
 further manifested in the displays from : The Immaculate Conception 
 School (East 14th street), male department, Christian Brothers, 
 teachers. This institution contributed one volume each, of maps,’'pen¬ 
 manship (contrast pages), ornamental drawing, dictation exercises, 
 United States history, practical geometry, orthography. Two volumes 
 of explanations of Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, grammar, penman¬ 
 ship. Five volumes each: Business letters and wall maps. Eighteen 
 volumes exercises: catechism, arithmetic, algebra and mensuration. 
 Thirty-three volumes of geography, seventeen volumes of book-keeping, 
 two framed pictures, two charts geometrical figures and two large draw¬ 
 ings of ships. The Immaculate Conception School, female department, 
 Sisters of Charity, teachers, presented twenty-four volumes of algebra, 
 grammar, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, geography, United States his¬ 
 tory, catechism, English history, composition and penmanship. The 
 Immaculate Conception School (East 151st street), Christian Brothers, 
 teachers, contributed one volume graphic scrap book, one volume pic¬ 
 torial scrap book, one volume specimen penmanship, one set relief 
 maps, one chart of monthly lessons, one volume souvenir album, one 
 volume “ Deutsche Sprachlehre, ” one volume specimen pages of book¬ 
 keeping, one copy of business forms, two volumes botanical specimens, 
 five volumes penmanship copies, five volumes writing (competitions), 
 forty-four volumes freehand drawing, one hundred writing copies and 
 five sets “ home work. ” St. Alphonsus’ School, Christian Brothers, 
 teachers, exhibited two volumes book-keeping, one volume mechanical 
 drawing, one volume Christian Doctrine, three volumes penmanship, 
 one volume history, one volume spelling, and sixteen volumes exercise 
 work : Geography, letter writing, grammar, arithmetic. St. Lawrence’s 
 School, Sisters of Charity, teachers, displayed six volumes: Beading, 
 writing, spelling, grammar, geography, United States history, compo¬ 
 sition and Christian Doctrine. St. Mary’s School, Poughkeepsie, Sisters 
 of Charity, teachers, sent one volume: Arithmetic, geography,grammar, 
 seventeen maps, four cards of specimens of drawing, two cards kinder¬ 
 garten work. 
 
 “ Contrast pages” in penmanship was a good idea, and served an 
 excellent purpose. The dictation exercises were made to serve more 
 than one purpose, as that of learning to spell, that of acquiring a good 
 literary taste, that of increasing the pupil’s vocabulary and that of 
 practice in penmanship. “ Explanations of Christian Doctrine ” de¬ 
 veloped the pupil’s knowledge of sacred subjects, as no mere question 
 and answer could ever have accomplished. The well written business 
 letters ; the clear, systematic book-keeping, and the exact methods used 
 in presenting mathematical solutions, secured for the boys’ schools 
 mentioned above the attention and praise of all intelligent visitors to 
 alcove 7. The girls were not inferior in solid attainments, but gave 
 most pleasure by the daintier exhibits peculiar to their taste and skill. 
 
 The variety of objects displayed by the boys of the two schools of 
 the Immaculate Conception was very pleasing; the botanical specimens, 
 the handsome wall maps, the beautifully correct geometrical charts, 
 and the drawings of stately ships contributed greatly to the attractive¬ 
 ness of the general display. The seventeen maps from the school in 
 Poughkeepsie made a very handsome appearance. 
 
 St. James’ Parochial School, New York City, in charge of the 
 Christian Brothers, is a worthy exponent of the progress made by Catho¬ 
 lic day schools during the past decade. Its exhibit at the Columbian 
 Exposition was worthy of the high reputation of the institution. It 
 presented one volume each, of colored maps, linear drawing, geomet¬ 
 rical drawing, plane and spherical geometry, lessons in English, two vol¬ 
 umes each, of stone and iron work, solid, plane, and spherical geometry, 
 literature and composition, business forms, four volumes each, of mensu¬ 
 ration, geometry, commercial correspondence, analysis, business forms, 
 arithmetic and algebra, also nine volumes penmanship. The female de¬ 
 partment, Sisters of Charity,teachers, presented four volumes of penman¬ 
 ship, arithmetic, drawing, sewing, grammar, geography, Christian 
 
 Doctrine, algebra, music, composition and book-keeping, also a framed 
 flag of- the United States made by the pupils. Both departments were 
 honorably represented, and won a high place in public esteem. 
 
 St: Mary’s School, male department, in charge of the Christian Broth¬ 
 ers, contributed one volume each: Linear drawing, phonography, geom¬ 
 etry,' algebra. Two volumes of Christian Doctrine and history. Four 
 volumes each: Class work and geography. Nine volumes each, of book¬ 
 keeping and grammar. Eighteen volumes each, freehand drawing and 
 arithmetic. Female department, in charge of the Sisters of Charity, sent 
 eleven volumes of paper weaving, catechism, grammar, arithmetic, spell¬ 
 ing, dictations and compositions. 
 
 Four schools of Newburgh were represented in alcove 8, namely, St. 
 Patrick’s School, in charge of the Christian Brothers, which sent thirteen 
 cabinets for object lessons, five books, linear drawing, nineteen books or¬ 
 namental drawing, twenty-two compositions on object-lesson cabinets, 
 fourteen bound copies miscellaneous work, fifty-four sets book-keeping, 
 single and double entry, two hundred thirteen writing copies, five copy 
 books mensuration, seven copy books grammar, six copy books algebra, 
 twenty .copy books arithmetic, forty copy books “Home Exercises ” and 
 seventeen class copy books. The female department, in charge of Sisters 
 of Charity, contributed twenty-four copy books: Book-keeping, pen¬ 
 manship, geography, Christian Doctrine, geometry, civil government, 
 history, grammar, literature and specimens of sewing. St. Mary’s 
 School, taught by Dominican Sisters, sent one volume: Compo¬ 
 sitions, grammar, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, geography, spelling and 
 penmanship. St. Mary’s Academy, senior division, Sisters of Charity, 
 teachers, presented five volumes of essays, mathematics, Church History, 
 literature, rhetoric, United States history, geography, astronomy, physics, 
 physiology. Middle and junior division: Five volumes of Christian 
 Doctrine, Bible History, arithmetic, geography, grammar, and drawing. 
 St. Patrick’s Boys’ School, of Newburgh, had an extensive, live, wide¬ 
 awake exhibit; an attractive feature comprised nine shallow glass-cov¬ 
 ered cases on the wall, containing various collections made by the pupils, 
 each case belonging to an individual boy, and filled by him with speci¬ 
 mens of wool, cotton, silk, woods, flax, colors, seeds, stones, ores, metals, 
 etc., with locality and other items of interest connected with the collec¬ 
 tion printed with pen on the lining of the case. A collection of steel 
 implements, of great variety and considerable value, one might suppose, 
 was the remarkable display made by one boy of a mechanical turn of 
 mind. 
 
 Newburgh was admirably represented by the displays from its paro¬ 
 chial schools and its academy. Each set of papers was a patent of no¬ 
 bility, as it were, in the aristocracy of schools. 
 
 St. Patrick’s School, male department, Mulberry St., New York, in 
 charge of the Christian Brothers, sent one volume each of book-keeping, 
 grammar, catechism and mensuration. Two volumes each of arithmetic, 
 linear ftnd ornamental drawing. Four volumes penmanship. The female 
 department, Sisters of Charity, teachers, presented six volumes of his¬ 
 tory, composition, grammar, arithmetic, penmanship, geometry and 
 book-keeping. 
 
 The Cathedral School, New York City, in charge of the Christian 
 Brothers, contributed six volumes of penmanship, seventeen volumes of 
 book-keeping, four volumes of “home work ” and “class work, ” four vol¬ 
 umes of geometry, algebra, history, Christian Doctrine, geography, Eng¬ 
 lish compositions and Bible History, four volumes monthly examination 
 papers, four volumes of contrast pages penmanship, eight relief maps 
 (plaster), a collection of large drawings, seven large maps (mounted), 
 crayon portrait of Most Rev. Archbishop Corrigan, twenty-six volumes 
 drawing, map of New York and vicinity (papier mache), one volume 
 fancy pen-work, one volume Gray’s Elegy (illustrated). Female depart¬ 
 ment, Sisters of Charity, teachers, presented seventeen volumes of sew¬ 
 ing and weaving, drawing and weaving, interlacing, piece-work and 
 pasting, map drawing, mechanical drawing, Bible History, Christian 
 Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, astronomy, grammar, language, pen¬ 
 manship, fifteen doll dresses, five sacques and thirty-four specimens em¬ 
 broidery, photographs of pupils. 
 
 St. Patrick’s Schools mentioned above were truly honored and made 
 memorable by the great merit of their exhibits. 
 
 The girls of the Cathedral School would bave been justified in 
 being proud, had they overheard the pleasant remarks that were made 
 regarding their exhibit, every feature of which was, in some degree, 
 praiseworthy. 
 
 209 
 
From the pretty kindergarten work to the thorough demonstra- York. These we wili now summarize, before entering into details ra¬ 
 tions in mathematics and the elaborate development of the natural garding the rich exhibit from Mount St. Vincent on the Hudson:— 
 
 sciences, there was a wide range of well-graded information, and an Roman Catholic Male Orphan Asylum, Westchester, collection of pho- 
 
 exceedingly satisfactory attainment of practical results in the common tographs showing Asylum, cadet corps and new Trade School. St. Ann’s 
 
 and more useful branches. The specimens of embroidery and of sewing School, Nyack, seven copy books: Arithmetic, geography, grammar, 
 
 were a credit to dainty fingers so skillful in the use of pen and pencil, as catechism, dictations, history, spelling, numbers, writing, compositions, 
 
 well as the needle. and drawing. St. Peter’s School, Haverstraw, one volume: Composi- 
 
 The boys of the Cathedral School made a brave showing of most tion, grammar, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, and sewing. St. Joseph s 
 attractive school work. Under the shadow of their handsome School, Kingston, one volume: Arithmetic, geography, grammar, phy- 
 
 crayon portrait of Archbishop Corrigan were arranged their many siology, spelling, United States history, catechism. St. Peter’s School, 
 
 large volumes filled with such papers as delight the eye and give joy to New Brighton, one volume : Arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, spelling, 
 
 the heart of the true teacher. “Home Work” and “Class Work” rested geography, and grammar. St. Mary’s School, Rondout, three volumes: 
 
 EXHIBITS OF THE CATHEDRAL SCHOOL, AND ST. PATRICK’S SCHOOL. (ALCOVE NO. 9.) 
 
 in neat pamphlet form side by side, a positive and undeniable proof of 
 the independent proficiency of the pupils. 
 
 The eight relief maps, made of plaster, and the seven large mounted 
 maps, drawn in colors, were scientific triumphs of skillful art, worthy 
 of technical workmanship. The map of “New York City and Vicinity,” 
 in papier mache, would have made this display memorable, had the 
 other remarkable maps been absent. 
 
 The ornamented pen-work and the beautifully pen-printed and pen- 
 illustrated copy of Gray’s Elegy gave a finishing touch of gentlemanly 
 refinement to the strong and vigorous character of this display. 
 
 Besides the parochial school exhibits already described, as appear¬ 
 ing in alcoves 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. the Sisters of Charity presented displays 
 from several other parish schools located outside of the city of New 
 
 Catechism, language, arithmetic, geography, spelling. United States 
 history, grammar, Christian Doctrine. St. Peter’s School, Rosendale, 
 two volumes: Christian Doctrine, Church Histoiy, United States his¬ 
 tory, geography, spelling, grammar, arithmetic, penmanship, map 
 drawing. St. Mary’s School, Saugerties, two volumes: Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, spelling, grammar, history, arithmetic, language, drawing, and 
 numbers. St. Augustine’s School, Sing Sing, five volumes: Church 
 History, Christian Doctrine, dictation, arithmetic, grammar, United 
 States history, penmanship, reading, composition, maps, and drawing. 
 
 The following schools, also taught by Sisters of Charity, are located 
 in New York City:—St. Mary’s School, female department, eleven 
 volumes: Weaving, catechism, grammar, arithmetic, spelling, dicta¬ 
 tions, compositions. St. Monica’s School, fifteen volumes : Map draw 
 
 210 
 
ings, Christian Doctrine, history, grammar, civil government, geogra¬ 
 phy, book-keeping, and United States history. St. Paul’s Academy, 
 three volumes • Ohristiau Doctrine, arithmetic, geography, civil govern¬ 
 ment, English history, astronomy, philosophy, grammar, orthography, 
 compositions, literature, and drawing. St. Paul’s School, two volumes : 
 Penmanship, arithmetic, language, geography, grammar, catechism, 
 Bible History and United States history. Holy Cross School, three 
 volumes: Reading, language, arithmetic, penmanship, composition, and 
 music. 
 
 Last, but by no means least, we present the exhibit from Mt. St. 
 Vincent on the Hudson, eighty-two volumes: Bible History, algebra, 
 arithmetic, geography, astronomy, Latin, Greek, German, logic, essays, 
 
 burg, and the rule adopted was that of St. Vincent de Paul, with cer¬ 
 tain modifications suitable to this country. 
 
 On July 18th, 1813, eighteen Sisters, including Mother Seton, made 
 their vows. The following year, the Sisters obtained an establishment 
 in Philadelphia and in New York. The latter community was made 
 independent, and its Mother House established at Mt. St. Vincent on 
 the Hudson. It is the exhibit of this institution that we are about to 
 consider. A display rich and varied, comprising eighty-two volumes 
 of papers on Bible History, algebra, arithmetic, geography, astronomy, 
 physics, history, rhetoric, domestic economy, logic, German, Greek, 
 Latin, and Christian Doctrine. Each of these volumes was the work of 
 one grade on a single subject; they were distinguished by covers of differ- 
 
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 || 
 
 
 
 
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 lii.i 
 
 
 | ? jHn 
 
 
 
 
 l i&Xi! Ia 
 
 
 fed! 
 
 
 EXHIBITS OP MOUNT ST. VINCENT’S ACADEMY-ON-HUDSON. (ALCOVE NO. 10.) 
 
 physics, rhetoric. Two copy books domestic economy, history. Twenty- 
 seven copy books music, Christian Doctrine, and geography. Twenty- 
 eight copy books book-keeping, forty charts natural science, illustrated, 
 twelve articles Honiton and point lace, ten oil paintings, five crayon 
 pictures, two paintings in moist colors, nine panel photographic views 
 of Mt. St. Vincent and pupils, four unframed crayons, one case twelve 
 pieces hand-made undergarments. 
 
 S IbistocB of tbe Sisters of GbarttB in tbe TUniteb States. 
 
 Eliza Ann Bayley, or Mrs. Seton, still better known as Mother 
 Seton, a convert to the Catholic Church, founded the Sisters of Charity 
 in the United States. The first convent was established at Emmitts- 
 
 ent colors, the graduates having their’s bound in white, the seniors in 
 brown, the juniors in blue linen ; on each cover was an ornamental scroll 
 bearing the name of the study treated of, and of the grade discussing it. 
 
 Mathematics was equally well treated of by all the grades, but senior 
 “Class B” excelled in geometry, the figures being exquisitely drawn and 
 the demonstrations exact and clear. The diagrams and outlines 
 for grammar were like pictures. “Ideas and Judgment” were ably 
 discussed by the logic class whose conversion of propositions was skill¬ 
 ful indeed, as was their illustration of the opposition of propositions, 
 and their discussion of the nature and use of the syllogism. “Evi¬ 
 dences of Religion,” that delightful application of logic to the study of 
 religion, was presented by each pupil writing a paper on a particular 
 subject suggested by this noble study. Each young lady maintained, 
 
with much unfeminine skill, the point at issue in her special argument, 
 and aided very efficiently in rendering the volume interesting, as well as in 
 making it a proof of her careful instruction. The papers on the natural 
 and on the physical sciences were written by the graduates and the sub- 
 graduates; the subjects treated of were as various as the number of 
 pupils discussing them ; these papers presented many beautifully drawn 
 colored illustrations to brighten the mass of solid information given by 
 the youthful scientists. The sciences should rank next to Christian 
 Doctrine in the course of study for an academy or a college, for they 
 tend to turn the mind to God, impressing it with a veneration for His 
 almighty power. History and literature keep us in contact with man¬ 
 kind, science brings us in awe and humility to the feet of the Almighty 
 Creator. Such being our sentiment toward science, it was particularly 
 gratifying to find in every academic or collegiate exhibit, well written 
 essays on scientific subjects^ It should, indeed, be the rule of every 
 institution, a rule never to be dispensed with, that every pupil in an 
 academy, high school, or college shall study science, beginning with the 
 object lessons given in the primary department, and including the 
 experiments in chemistry deemed by the young ladies of our day a 
 pleasant pastime. The persistency with which illustrations have been 
 mentioned in the descriptions of exhibits, is not due to a love of idle 
 show, but to a conviction that, that which the pupil can illustrate with 
 a suitable drawing, that thing or that principle, the pupil understands. 
 Hence, when we beheld, in St. Vincent’s volumes, so many handsome 
 pen-drawings, to make clear the. difficult subjects in astronomy and 
 physics, we concluded that the pretty, ornamental work was founded 
 on a thorough knowledge, and such was the conclusion regarding each 
 exhibit that honored the Columbian Exposition, for, without exception 
 almost, this proof of thorough knowledge is given on almost every page 
 of almost every volume. The illustrations made objects of such beauty 
 and value of the volumes in \yhich they occurred, that it was a pity 
 they were not preserved, after the Fair, in some museum or library. 
 Even at this date, it is not too late for the rich, the wise and the influen¬ 
 tial to warmly advocate the formation of a Catholic Memorial Library, 
 wherein would be displayed, for all time, the best of the Columbian 
 educational work. When the glory of 1893 shall have passed away, and 
 critics, now silenced, shall have regained their breath and their speech, 
 then shall we need to refer them to evidences of superior educational 
 ability on the part of our parochial school teachers, then shall we rejoice 
 that a Catholic Memorial Library exists to which murmurers may be 
 fearlessly referred. 
 
 Begging pardon of dear St. Vincent’s for this long digression, we 
 return to the consideration of its exhibit. In one of its volumes was 
 “A Course of English Reading” showing an excellent method of teach¬ 
 ing literature; in this case, Ruskin’s “Modern Painters” had been read, 
 test questions had been presented by the teacher, and these the pupil 
 had answered in writing, making a charming set of papers. In a 
 similar way had been treated “Philosophy of Literature” by the late 
 lamented Brother Azarias, also Giles’ “Human Life in Shakespeare,” 
 Spencer’s “Philosophy of Style,” and “Characteristics of Shakespearian 
 Personages.” The papers on literature consisted of questions and 
 answers on “Macbeth,” and “Idylls of the King.” An essay on “A 
 Day at the Court of Queen Elizabeth,” and another on “Celebrated 
 Letter Writers” showed much general knowledge of literary characters 
 and events. Geographical and historical subjects were outlined by the 
 brace system and illustrated by pen-drawn maps, in accordance with 
 recently accepted methods. The volumes on music contained twenty- 
 seven exercises of serious work, without ornamentation but of an ex¬ 
 cellent character. 
 
 St. Vincent’s wall display was rich and varied. Next to the oil 
 portrait of Mother Seton, true woman and noble religious, ranked q 
 piece of tapestry painting representing two figures of classic dignity 
 and beauty, Music and Art. Three other pieces of tapestry rivaled this 
 one, the subjects were “A Child with Wild Flowers,” a Scriptural or 
 oriental scene, and “The Orphan Fisher Lad.” Besides these tapestry 
 pieces, ten oil paintings, five crayon pictures, two pictures in moist 
 colors, all framed, and four unframed crayons constituted the art dis¬ 
 play. These were all large and very beautiful, the variety of subjects 
 adding much to their charm, there being animals, birds, flowers, boys 
 and girls, landscapes and marine scenes, saints and madonnas. Besides 
 the specimens of art there was an extensive display on the wall of maps 
 and charts, eight of the former represented sections of the United States 
 
 and of Europe in needle-work ; in addition to these were ten small maps 
 in pen-work, four large ones in colored crayons, and sixteen charts 
 illustrating natural philosophy. These charts were an unique exhibit, 
 the rainbow, the microphone, the process of electroplating, the principles 
 of mirrors and lenses, the action of a search-light on a ship, the ap¬ 
 pearance of the Solar Spectrum, the production ol virtual images, and 
 numerous other principles and definitions were made clear by figures 
 painted in moist colors on white linen. On each chart were pen-printed 
 in black the explanations of the figures. Several of these really beauti¬ 
 ful charts were mounted and hung on the wall of the alcove; the 
 greater number of them were ingeniously suspended from brass rods 
 revolving around a central support. Chemistry and physical geography 
 were illustrated in the same way. Each class room in the science depart¬ 
 ment of every academy should have such a collection of charts, the 
 work of its own pupils. This one display presented forty of these 
 charts; such admirable activity needs no comment. 
 
 The needle-work presented by St. Vincent’s well trained pupils 
 consisted of twelve pieces of plain sewing, ladies’ underwear exquis¬ 
 itely finished, and twelve specimens of Honiton and of point lace of 
 very beautiful patterns and fine quality. 
 
 Among the pieces of framed-work Avas a chart giving the conjuga¬ 
 tion of a verb from the “Universal Language,” an interesting contribu¬ 
 tion, well executed, but not tempting enough to cause the examiner “to 
 go and do likewise.” The bound work comprised the usual papers on 
 academic studies, in eighty-two volumes. Patience, energy, skill and 
 wide information were manifested in these exercises. Here were the 
 foundation and the solid superstructure of the intellectual edifice, where¬ 
 upon and wherein the ornamental parts existed and depended. It had 
 been designed by the wisdom of Mother Church; the contract for 
 erection had been in the hands of teachers of rare ability; the work 
 had been executed by the willing hands and earnest minds of talented 
 pupils ; the structure could not have been other than sound and beauti¬ 
 ful and perfectly adapted to the purpose for which it had been constructed. 
 
 In St. Vincent’s collective exhibit were bound volumes from St. 
 Gabriel’s, St. Mary’s and St. Paul’s Academies, New York City, from the 
 parish schools, St. Charles’, St. Mary’s, St. Paid’s, St. Stephen’s of 
 Brooklyn ; St. Simeon’s of New Orleans; St. Augustine’s, St. Brigid’s, St. 
 Gabriel’s, Holy Cross, Immaculate Conception, St. James’, St. Joseph’s, 
 St. Lawrence’s, St. Mary’s, St. Monica’s, St. Peter’s and St. Stephen’s of 
 New York City ; St. Peter’s of ILaverstraw, St. Joseph’s of Kingston ; St. 
 Peter’s of New Brighton ; St. Patrick’s of Newburg; St. Ann’s of Nyack; 
 St. Mary’s of Poughkeepsie; St. Mary’s of Rondout, St. Peter’s of Ros- 
 endale; St. Mary’s of Saugerties, and St. Augustine’s of Sing Sing; from 
 the Industrial Schools, St. Paul’s and St. John’s, also from the Male 
 Orphan Asylum and the New York Protectory. The exhibit from the 
 last named institution has been described already and commented upon 
 in the early part of this publication. The other schools presented from 
 three to fifteen volumes each of examination papers and class exercises 
 on the grammar grade and high school studies. 
 
 These volumes proved the efficiency of the teachers under whose 
 direction they had been prepared, and that the best methods recom¬ 
 mended by modern educators had been followed, not merely in the 
 preparation of the exhibit, but at all times, and in all the schools named. 
 The parochial school exhibits are summarized on a preceding page. 
 
 Among the parish schools mentioned as taking part in St. Vincent’s 
 display, St. Simeon’s, the Immaculate Conception, St. Mary’s, St. Mon¬ 
 ica’s and St. Patrick’s took the lead in the number of volumes contri¬ 
 buted, each sending more than ten, and St. Brigid’s excelled in variety 
 of objects, presenting, besides papers on high school studies, two framed 
 maps, one large album of drawings, five crayon pictures, three oil- 
 paintings, and a handsomely painted velvet banner. The pictures rep¬ 
 resented flowers, harps, birds and dogs; the oil paintings were admirably 
 executed landscapes ; the banner was particularly rich and elegant, the 
 original colonies represented by colored ribbons, the states by gol d stars 
 and the National escutcheon painted. The Holy Cross School exhibited 
 only three volumes, but each was about the size of a Webster’s Unabridged, 
 each subject being outlined, topically by the brace system, and profusely, 
 as well as elegantly, illustrated with pen drawings in black and white, 
 and in colors. The science papers from St. Brigid’s were illustrated in 
 like manner, and the history papers were accompanied by skillfully 
 drawn maps. 
 
 When the Fair was progressing, the New York papers commented at 
 
 212 
 
great length on the various educational exhibits from the New York 
 Diocese. These, in mentioning Mt. St. Vincent’s, referred, with special 
 praise, to the students’ admirable work in Greek and Latin. Those who 
 are interested in this institution, will enjoy a volume published by Apple- 
 ton, and titled “ A Descriptive and Historic Sketch of the Academy of 
 Mt. St. Vincent on the Hudson, 1847.” 
 
 Christian ^Brothers’ Erbibits. 
 
 La Salle Academy, New York City, in charge of the Christian 
 Brothers, presented three volumes Christian Doctrine, eleven volumes 
 
 phonography, natural philosophy. One volume, phonography, one 
 volume, typewriting, one volume, arithmetic, one volume, dictation, 
 one album, photographs, forty-four large drawings (geographical, orna¬ 
 mental and mechanical), one scrap book. St. Gabriel’s Academy, New 
 York, in charge of the Sisters of Charity, twenty-four volumes : Gram¬ 
 mar, geography, orthography. United States history, natural philosophy, 
 geometry, algebra, physiology, catechism, astronomy, French, English 
 history, penmanship, rhetoric, drawing and book-keeping. St. Gabriel’s 
 School, New York, male department, in charge of Christian Brothers, 
 seventeen volumes, book-keeping; four volumes, English grammar ; ten 
 volumes, “ Home Workfour volumes, geometry; three volumes, men¬ 
 suration; two volumes, geography; four volumes, arithmetic; four 
 
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 ted 
 
 
 EXHIBITS OF LA SALLE, SACRED HEART, AND ST. GABRIEL’S ACADEMIES, AND ST. GABRIEL’S SCHOOL. (ALCOVE NO. 11.) 
 
 drawing, thirteen volumes class work, seven volumes book-keeping, 
 three volumes graded stenography, four volumes graded lessors in 
 typewriting, four volumes business forms, stenography and typewriting, 
 four volumes lessons in letter writing, four volumes civil government, four 
 volumes stenographic notes and transcripts of addresses and lectures, 
 two volumes typewritten recreations. Sacred Heart Academy, West¬ 
 chester, in charge of Christian Brothers, contributed forty-eight albums, 
 linear drawing; three albums,freehand drawing; ten volumes, map draw¬ 
 ing ; three small volumes, freehand drawing .; four volumes, plane geom¬ 
 etry ; eight volumes, solid geometry; eleven volumes, physics; eight 
 volumes, algebra; eleven volumes, Latin; three volumes,book-keeping; 
 two volumes, trigonometry; five volumes: Christian Doctrine, English 
 grammar, French, trigonometry, German, arithmetic, mensuration, 
 
 volumes, compositions; five volumes, history ; four volumes, algebra ; two 
 volumes,Christian Doctrine; eight volumes, drawing ; nine large mounted 
 maps, and crayon portrait of Monsignor Farley. St. Gabriel’s School, 
 female department, in charge of the Sisters of Charity,eleven volumes: 
 Grammar, geography, United States history, penmanship, spelling, draw¬ 
 ing and book-keeping. 
 
 Too much cannot be said in commendation of the above exhi¬ 
 bits for their thoroughness and good method. La Salle Academy 
 (44-50 E. 2d street, New York City) is another institution 
 taught by the Christian Brothers; it had an exhibit of sixty-six 
 volumes of work equal to that already described, and worthy 
 of great praise. The Sacred Heart Academy. Westchester, N. Y.. also 
 under the Christian Brothers care, had an exhibit similar to that of De 
 
 213 
 
La Salle Institute (Central Park), up to the times, in every partic¬ 
 ular that is important according to a teacher’s idea. 
 
 The following parish schools, taught by the Christian Brothers, had 
 exhibits at the Columbian Exposition, which have been summarized on 
 preceding pages. The male department of the Cathedral School, New 
 York City; the male department of St. Alphonsus’ School; male depart¬ 
 ment of St, Brigid’s School; male department of St. Gabriel’s ; male 
 department of Holy Innocents’; male department of Immaculate Con¬ 
 ception (East Fourteenth street and East One Hundred and Fifty-First 
 street); male department, St. James’; male department of St. Joseph’s; 
 male department of St. Mary’s; male deparment of St. Nicholas’; male 
 department of St. Patrick’s; male department of St. Peter’s; male 
 department of St. Theresa’s ; male department of St. Patrick’s, New¬ 
 burgh, N. Y., male department of St. Mary’s, Yonkers, N. Y., male de¬ 
 partment of the Catholic Protectory, Westchester, N. Y. 
 
 These exhibits comprised altogether one hundred and fifty volumes of 
 penmanship ; one hundred and seventy sets of book-keeping ; two hun¬ 
 dred and fifty volumes of various branches of mathematics; a corre¬ 
 sponding number of volumes of geography, grammar, history, composi¬ 
 tion, English and American literature, and Christian Doctrine. The 
 last named studies were presented in volumes of “Home Work,” “Class 
 Work,” “Examination Papers,” “Prize Essays,” and “Test Work,” 
 each and all were admirable in order, correctness of detail, and 
 lucidity of illustration and demonstration. The folios of drawing dis¬ 
 played by the schools were almost numberless, and their contents so 
 delightful to look at as to tempt one to linger for days, when one had 
 only a few short hours to devote to them. In each exhibit of the 
 Christian Brothers may be seen relief maps, some of plaster, some of 
 paper pulp or of putty, and others of papier mache, all prepared by the 
 pupils; a difficult, but very profitable labor, since nothing else so im¬ 
 presses geographical facts on the memory. 
 
 The boys of St. Gabriel’s, also mentioned elsewhere, had on the wall 
 nine large mounted maps, and a crayon protrait of Monsignor Farley. 
 The boys of Immaculate Conception School (East Fourteenth street), dis¬ 
 played on the wall two framed pictures, two charts of geometrical figures, 
 and two large drawings of ships. The last were truly elegant. The 
 boys of St. Nicholas’ had their wall space adorned with three large 
 framed drawings, and those of De La Salle Academy had an unique 
 wall decoration, a set of twelve, or more charts, 10x14. representing 
 animals and birds by means of a multitude of blue stars, zeros, and 
 question marks on a white ground. 
 
 The emulation that is awakened where there are so many schools 
 comparatively near to each other, is truly beneficial, but were the New 
 York parochial schools to challenge each other to an intellectual combat, 
 it is difficult to surmise, even with the memory of the World’s Fair work 
 fresh in the mind, which school w'ould excel. Such an earnest en¬ 
 deavor to do their best animated the pupils of the Columbian year, that 
 all were about equal in the results they attained. 
 
 Manhattan College, New York City, in charge of the Christian 
 Brothers, presented a very extensive display:—Natural Theology: Syn¬ 
 optic analysis and examination papers. Evidences of religion : notes, 
 developments and examination papers. Apologetic : notes, doctrinal 
 notes, sacraments, decalogue, hierarchy, etc., in synoptic form. Philoso¬ 
 phy: synoptic outline and examination papers. Logic: summaries of 
 lessons with illustrations. Philosophy of literature : essays and examina¬ 
 tion papers. Philosophy of history: essays and examination papers. 
 Political economy and civil government: essays. Literature : English 
 and American, notes and biographical sketches of authors with extracts 
 (illustrated). Criticism: essays on subject of the hour, topical analysis 
 of ancient and modern history, examination papers. Latin trans¬ 
 lations—Grover Cleveland’s Inaugural Address, ’93; History of 
 England; extracts from Lingard; Most Rev. Archbishop Cor¬ 
 rigan’s Pastoral Letter, 1889; Aristotle and the Christian Church 
 (Bro. Azarias); Meters of Horace. Translation—Extracts from 
 Quintilian, Horace, Mark Antony’s Oration and DeBello 
 Gallico. Prose composition: exercises, Scansion, Virgil. Latin syn¬ 
 tax, synopsis with examples. Prize examination papers. Greek trans¬ 
 lations—extracts from Plato; extracts from Homer’s Iliad; extracts 
 from Lucian, with exercises in syntax; extracts from Homer, scanned 
 and translated with notes; extracts from Anabasis. Prose composition: 
 exercises, examination papers. French translations—Grover C leveland s 
 Inaugural Address, ’93; Life of Firmin Sue, extracts with critical 
 
 notes; sentences illustrating rules of grammar; French-English and 
 English-French exercises, notes on grammar with exercises. 
 
 Natural Sciences and Mathematics. Geology: Notes and illustra¬ 
 tions, examination papers. Astronomy: notes and illustrations, exami¬ 
 nation papers. Chemistry: chart containing specimens prepared by 
 students, notes, and photographic illustrations. Physics : notes and pen 
 illustrations. Physiology: synopsis of lectures and pen and crayon 
 illustrations by the students. Analytical geometry : examination papers 
 and class work. Conic sections: examination papers and class 
 work. Surveying and navigation : problems with diagrams, notes and 
 illustrations. Trigonometry: class work, problems with diagrams. 
 Geometry: problems with demonstrations. Algebra: class work, prob¬ 
 lems. Drawing: crayon work, landscape and figure drawing, applica¬ 
 tions of projections, specimens of work from Croton Aqueduct, models 
 and plans of cottages. 
 
 Business Department. Religion: Notes and analysis of lessons, 
 lectures. English : essays on business, commerce, historical subjects, 
 and letters. Penmanship (class work) : English, plain and round hand. 
 Business calculations: exercises in counting-house work, class exercises. 
 Book-keeping: double entry sets, law (commercial and constitutional); 
 notes of lectures given by professor. Phonography: exercises in ele¬ 
 mentary study, correspondence, and amanuensis work. Typewriting: 
 elementary exercises, business letters, transcription of phonographic 
 notes, office work. 
 
 Preparatory Department. Religion: Essays on doctrinal subjects. 
 Penmanship: class work, business letters, etc. English grammar: 
 analysis and parsing, syntax, common errors corrected, extracts from 
 standard authors, examination papers. History : ancient and modern, 
 synopsis of lessons, developments and illustrations by pupils. Geogra¬ 
 phy : United States of America, reproduction of maps, pen and crayon 
 work, notes. Geometry : demonstrations of theorems in plane geometry. 
 Civil government: forms of government, rights of citizens, etc. Latin: 
 elementary studies, translations from Cajsar and Ovid, Scansion, exami¬ 
 nation papers. Greek: elementary studies, translations in English. 
 Arithmetic: solutions of problems, decimal system. Business opera¬ 
 tions: book-keeping, double entry. Algebra: solution of problems, etc. 
 Photographs of buildings, classes, study hall, museum, campus, clubs, 
 etc. 
 
 The above exhibit was so extensile that the mere outline of the 
 objects it comprised takes considerable space, but it was so important, 
 so interesting, and we spent so much time examining it that we cannot 
 refrain from making a few comments. 
 
 A volume of “Synoptic Analysis of Natural Theology” is delightful 
 to peep into, even if its depths be too great for the feminine mind. 
 The preface of this volume informs us “The following synopses are in¬ 
 tended as a review of Natural Theology, and the text is in English to fit 
 the students to meet, in their mother tongue, the objections that are 
 daily raised against the fundamental principles of not only Christianity, 
 but of reason.” Wise Christian Brothers ! worthy guardians of Amer¬ 
 ican youth ! God will not fail to prosper them. 
 
 Well worthy of careful perusal and copious quotation were “The Ex¬ 
 amination Papers: Evidences of Religion, Notes on Religious Subjects, 
 Apologetic Essays, Doctrinal Notes on the Sacraments, Decalogue 
 Creed, Hierarchy, etc.” Is there nothing but religion taught in 
 this school ? asks an impatient reader. In a certain sense, no ; for re¬ 
 ligion enters into all branches, when they are taught by a Christian 
 teacher, but in your sense, friend, yes; only look at these “Synoptic 
 Outlines of Philosophy,” these examination papers on logic, with sum¬ 
 maries and illustrations of the daily lessons; and these volumes of 
 “ Philosophy of History,” “Philosophy of Literature,” of “Political 
 Economy,” of “Government.” After delving in this gold mine of phil¬ 
 osophy you can never truthfully assert that Catholic students are not 
 permitted the use of their reason. In what other schools will you find 
 vouths, in their teens, philosophizing in this profound and varied 
 
 style? . . 
 
 Look at these “Essays on English and American Literature, with 
 
 their interesting notes and charming biographical sketches, their illus¬ 
 trated extracts from celebrated works, and their judicious criticisms on 
 the same. Will you now persist that Catholics are kept in ignorance ? 
 These extracts are from Spencer, Carlyle, Ruskin, and even Huxley. 
 The well instructed Catholic is the most fearless of readers ; having “a 
 reason for the faith that is in him,” he dares to tread, uprightly, where 
 
 214 
 
less steady footsteps would waver. “Kept in ignorance ?” These 
 “Essays on the Topics of the Hour” do not look like it; here are dis¬ 
 cussed the “Labor Question,” “The School Question,” “The Silver 
 Bill," and the hundred and one absorbing subjects that engage, in our 
 day, the ablest minds and most skillful pens. These school boys are 
 not supposed to have added anything to the world’s general information 
 by treating of these subjects, but they have been thereby taught to 
 think and to form opinions of their own 
 
 A very attractive collection of papers are on English literature, with 
 braces and topics, each topic beautifully treated, and very elegantly il¬ 
 lustrated with pen drawings of authors and of scenes from their lives, or 
 their works. 
 
 The exercises in “ Phonography and Type-writing” are made to kill 
 two handsome birds with one stone, since historical information and re¬ 
 fined literary taste as well as knowledge of the above branches must re¬ 
 sult from using the speeches of great American authors and statesmen 
 for transcription in phonography or as an exercise in type-writing. 
 Celebrated speeches thus used give the pupil command of language, 
 cultivate his literary taste, and enlarge his political views. 
 
 Some of the speeches reported, as it were, are Lord Randolph Church¬ 
 ill’s, “The Christian Brothers,” “Douglas’Reply to Lincoln,” “Grover 
 Cleveland’s Inaugural Address, ’93,” and “Archbishop Corrigan’s Letter 
 of ’89.” 
 
 “Business Forms,” and “Business Letters,” in various modern lan¬ 
 guages, need no comment, the terms themselves express their impor¬ 
 tance, and practical nature. “ Specimens of Ordinary Monthly Examin¬ 
 ations”’ presented in paper covers, give admirable evidence of the pro¬ 
 ficiency of pupils and efficiency of teachers. 
 
 In the volumes of grade work the best methods of teaching the sev¬ 
 eral branches are displayed;—such as the topical method of teaching 
 history, each topic accompanied by a small, pen-drawn, colored map; 
 literature, always presenting a biographical sketch of author assigned, 
 extracts from his works written from memory, familiar quotations given, 
 criticisms on principal works, and comments on his character as a man 
 and as an author; mathematics, invariably sound in statement, and clear 
 in demonstration. 
 
 The volumes of Latin and Greek present the usual exercises and 
 translations for the lower grades, and for the higher, the “Meters of 
 Horace,” “Translations,” “Extracts from Quintilian and Horace,” 
 “Mark Antony’s Oration,” “De Bello Gallico,” prose composition, vari¬ 
 ous grammatical exercises, scanning Virgil, Latin syntax, synopsis with 
 examples, Greek translations:—“Extracts from Plato,” from “Homer’s 
 Iliad,” and from “Lucian.” Exercises in Greek syntax, extracts from 
 Homer scanned and translated with notes. The above were prize exam¬ 
 ination papers, and it must have been difficult to award a prize where all 
 were so excellent. 
 
 The French-English and the English-French exercises in grammar, 
 syntax, translations, notes and original compositions, were worthy of the 
 school that could present such fine work in the classical languages. 
 
 The “Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics ” contributed 
 to the exhibit, “Geology, Notes and Illustrations;” “Astronomy, Notes 
 and Illustrations;” “Chemistry, with Chart Containing Specimens Pre¬ 
 pared by Pupils, also Notes and Photographic Illustrations;” “Physics, 
 Notes and Pen Illustrations; ” “Physiology, Synopsis of Lectures, with 
 Pen and Crayon Illustrations;” “Analytical Geometry, Conic Sections;” 
 each of these sciences was also presented in a set of examination papers, 
 and in exercises of daily class work. 
 
 The Department of Higher Mathematics displayed “Surveying and 
 Navigation Problems, with Diagrams, Notes and Illustrations”; “Trigo¬ 
 nometry, Class work, and Problems, with Diagrams; Geometry, Prob¬ 
 lems with Demonstrations ; Algebra, Problems Illustrated.” The Busi¬ 
 ness Department presented, “Lectures of Professors on Business ” repro¬ 
 duced by pupils; “Original Essays of Pupils on Business, Commerce, and 
 History of Business; Business Calculations; Exercises in Counting- 
 house Work; Book-keeping; Commercial and Constitutional Law; 
 Phonography, Type-writing, . Correspondence and Amanuensis Work, 
 Business Letters and Office Work.” 
 
 The Preparatory Department contributed a large number of papers 
 on the common school branches, always carefully taught, developed and 
 illustrated ; also elementary work in French, Latin and Greek. 
 
 Drawing in this, as in all schools in charge of the Christian Brothers, 
 had received special attention, as was shown by the exhibits of pen-work, 
 
 crayon work, landscape and figure work drawing, applications of projec¬ 
 tions and specimens of perspective drawings. 
 
 On the wall of the booth containing this exhibit were nine mechanical 
 drawings and six architectural; the latter were three frame buildings 
 and three cottages,—the plans of the floors and the front elevation 
 given; the former were the “Reservoir at Piticus Dam”; “Central Park 
 Gate House”; “Cross section of roadway for double track embank¬ 
 ment”; “Cross section of roadway for double track rock cutting”; 
 “Design for single track tunnel”; “Box culvert, verticle section, end 
 view and plan”; “Double track rock cutting”; “New Croton Dam”; 
 “Croton Gate House”; “Piticus Dam”, “Section of Croton Aqueduct.” 
 
 Besides the above, there were on the wall four large crayon studies, 
 and in a folio are numerous pencil drawings from the antique. 
 
 The De La Salle Institute (Central Park, South) is also under the 
 care of the Christian Brothers. The exhibit comprised fourteen vol¬ 
 umes evidences of religion; eleven volumes Latin translation; one 
 volume Latin examination papers; five volumes of Greek exercises; 
 six volumes English grammar ; two volumes American literature ; two 
 volumes American literature examination papers; one volume compo¬ 
 sitions; thirty-nine essays on various subjects; five volumes rhetoric; 
 six volumes arithmetic ; four volumes algebra; seven volumes ge¬ 
 ometry; two volumes mensuration ; three volumes analytical geometry; 
 five volumes trigonometry; two volumes geography; two volumes sur¬ 
 veying; one volume engineering examination papers; three volumes 
 chemistry; two volumes mechanics; one volume astronomy; three vol¬ 
 umes natural philosophy; two volumes physics and collection of orig¬ 
 inal drawings of surveying and engineering ; two volumes business forms 
 and book-keeping; two volumes phonography; fifteen volumes type¬ 
 writing; seven volumes penmanship; seven volumes dictationj three 
 volumes lettets; three volumes business letters; nine volumes of linear 
 and freehand drawing; photographs of graduates, building, classes, 
 lecture hall, cadets, museum, pupils, etc.; one volume of developments 
 of solids, by one of the professors. 
 
 The'“Developments of Solids,” cylinders, pyramids, cones, etc., as 
 presented in drawing in India inks, in the various displays of the 
 Christian Brothers’ schools were something marvelous ; miracles of mazy 
 lines, like fine hairs, each a wonder of correctness in the purpose at¬ 
 tained by its devious windings, and its puzzling intersection with other 
 lines. Some remarkable examples of this mathematical drawing was 
 to be seen on the outside walls of the booths occupied by the exhibits 
 of the Christian Brothers’ schools in France. 
 
 The displays of the De La Salle Institute, as here enumerated, 
 presented, in geometry and trigonometry, most excellent drawings, for 
 purposes of demonstration ; for instance, a problem regarding two ships 
 of war, certain distance and angles being given, to find certain other 
 distances, also of a ship and a headland, certain angles given to find a 
 distance—in both the problems enter two beautiful drawings, to 
 illustrate the work. The surveying papers were likewise embellished 
 with drawings. The examination papers in natural philosophy treated 
 of electricity, of levers, of gravity, and of equilibrium of liquids, and each 
 subject was made clear by several exquisite drawings, particularly true 
 with electricity. Astronomy had every difficult point illustrated with a 
 drawing, and the volume of papers on mensuration was a work of art, so 
 many and so beautiful were the practical drawings. Here again we met 
 with the wonderful geometrical drawings showing developments of 
 solids. 
 
 The wall pieces of this exhibit were mechanical drawings of “Bridge 
 Constructions,” four different kinds of bridges being shown, also the 
 mechanism of the “Broadway Cable Railway,” and drawings of the 
 “Howe Truss,” the “Burr Truss,” the “Linville Truss,” two “Plate 
 Girders,” and one “Bridge Details.” We hope our readers know what 
 such drawings are like that they may give full credit to the youths in 
 their teens who executed them in colored lines of such exquisite cor¬ 
 rectness. 
 
 The following schools are located in New York City. Their exhibits 
 were displayed, at some distance from the others, in a booth which was 
 called the “New York Annex.” St. Francis of Assissi’s, Franciscan 
 Sisters, teachers, contributed one volume of Christian Doctrine, pen¬ 
 manship, geography, spelling, arithmetic, history, grammar, map draw¬ 
 ing and German. Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, secular teachers in charge, 
 sent six portfolios of spelling, geography, grammar, catechism, arith¬ 
 metic and kindergarten work. Our Lady of Sorrows’ School, Brothers of 
 
 21s 
 
Mary, teachers, presented four volumes of arithmetic, English and Ger¬ 
 man grammar and composition, English and German dictation, transla¬ 
 tions, writing. St. John the Baptist School, male department, Brothers 
 of Mary, teachers, contributed four volumes of German and English 
 grammar and translation, German and English dictation and composi¬ 
 tion, German and English writing. Female department, Dominican Sis¬ 
 ters, teachers, sent four volumes of arithmetic, geography, catechism, 
 language lessons, history, Bible History, composition and grammar. 
 
 The Franciscan Sisters’ pupils presented some very neat and pretty 
 work in the volume from St. Francis Assissi’s School. 
 
 The Brothers of Mary met, in the above exhibits, with their custom¬ 
 ary success. 
 
 taught by School Sisters of Notre Dame, which contributed four vol¬ 
 umes of specimens of arithmetic, book-keeping, geography, history, 
 Christian Doctrine and Bible History. 
 
 In the same alcove appeared the display from Holy Innocents’ 
 School, male department, New York City, taught by Christian Brothers 
 and presenting twelve copy books geography, thirteen copy books 
 arithmetic, eleven copy books grammar, eight copy books catechism, 
 ten copy books history, eleven copy books spelling and dictation, 
 twenty-two copy books penmanship and three copy books class work. 
 
 From New York City, there were several other displays that appeared 
 together in the same alcove; these are here enumerated. St. Agnes’ 
 School presented framed photographs of school building. Assumption 
 
 
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 I-1— 1 ip 
 
 EXHIBITS OF MANHATTAN COLLEGE, AND DE LA SALLE INSTITUTE, CENTRAL PARK, SOUTH. (ALCOVE NO. 12.) 
 
 Our Lady of Mt. Carmel suffered no slight on the part of the work 
 offered in her name; it was in every way commendable. 
 
 Gbe Dominican Schools. 
 
 We have commented elsewhere on the Dominican work from New 
 York; St. John the Baptist’s School cast no shade on the brightness 
 reflected from the other exhibits bearing the Dominican name, rather, 
 the contrary. The same may be truly stated regarding the following:— 
 St. Joseph’s School (127th Street), New York City, taught by Dominican 
 Sisters, which presented eight volumes of grammar, composition, geog¬ 
 raphy, United States history, Christian Doctrine, spelling, arithmetic, 
 book-keeping. St. Joseph’s School (87th Street), New York City, 
 
 School, School Sisters of Notre Dame, teachers, sent five volumes of 
 composition, history, geography, arithmetic, German, orthography, 
 grammar, and Christian Doctrine. Institution of Mercy, in charge of 
 the Sisters of Mercy, sent two pairs crochet lace curtains, one cotton 
 crochet curtain, one satin cushion cover (crochet), two satin table covers 
 and one bolster cover. 
 
 The Academy of the Holy Rosary, in charge of the Sisters of St. 
 Dominic, made a fine display comprising thirty seven volumes of arith¬ 
 metic, algebra, book-keeping, geometry, diagrams, catechism, dictation? 
 grammar, English compositions, map drawing, German compositions, 
 geography, German penmanship, music, book-keeping. Five framed 
 photographs, two paintings on glass, two pictures. Kindergarten work, 
 stenography and typewriting. Three knitted capes, one knitted sacque, 
 
 213 
 
two pair slippers, one velvet photograph case, one silk and wool hood, 
 one silk neck-tie, one crochet cap, one pair crochet leggins, two lace 
 tidies, one linen handkerchief, two celluloid calendars, two celluloid 
 cases. 
 
 The Convent of Holy Rosary, where a community of Sisters of St. 
 Dominic have their Mother House, contributed eighteen volumes of 
 Christian Doctrine, history, arithmetic, reading, compositions, book¬ 
 keeping, grammar, geography, spelling, language, kindergarten work, 
 sixteen photographs of grades, two felt table-scarfs, nine undergarments, 
 nine gingham dresses, one child’s dress (drawn-work), six throws, three 
 worked splashers, thirty-five needle-books, cushions, toys, etc., one pair 
 crochet slippers, four hemstitched handkerchiefs. 
 
 collection of drawings, illustrating the Christian Brothers’ system, 
 thirty-eight volumes of drawings by the students. Display of text 
 books: spelling (three), grammar (two), commercial law and book¬ 
 keeping (three), reading (seven), arithmetic (five), mensuration, 
 hints on teaching, notes on teaching, hymn book, roll books, monthly ex¬ 
 amination register and many volumes of other educational publications. 
 A series of drawing books (linear and freehand), twelve books, includ¬ 
 ing two for the teacher. Six boxes of botanical specimens. A col¬ 
 lection of woods, a chart on grammar, a chart on geography, testi¬ 
 monials for school work, phonographic chart for simultaneous teaching, 
 relief maps of New York, Philadelphia, Washington and Niagara Falls, 
 one volume for the development of solids. 
 
 : NEW YORK ANNEX.” EXHIBITS OF ACADEMIES AND PARISH SCHOOLS, ARCHDIOCESE OF NEW YORK. (ALCOVE NO. 76.) 
 
 These were extensive and handsome exhibits. The great number 
 of volumes, filled with papers of a character to win praise from the most 
 indifferent, gave proof of an indefatigable energy and industry, such as 
 brings success in any department of life. The painting on glass and on 
 celluloid, so pretty and so dainty, indicated a chaste taste, and the 
 needle-work, so varied in kind and in material, betokened the posses¬ 
 sion of an enviable skill in wielding the needle. A glance at alcove 
 76, as represented in our illustration, will discover many of the 
 objects mentioned as part of this Dominican display. 
 
 St. Mary’s School, Yonkers, N. Y., male department, Christian 
 Brothers, teachers, presented four volumes drawing, thirty-four copy 
 books: specimens of penmanship, arithmetic, Christian Doctrine, 
 grammar and geography. St. Joseph’s Normal College, Amawalk, 
 
 The volumes of normal work, displaying in full the Christian 
 Brothers’ educational systems and methods, and a series of charts for 
 grammar, geography and phonography, also the Christian Brothers’ 
 system of drawing, were the noble features of this display. Teachers 
 are strongly recommended to apply to Reverend Brother Maurelian lor 
 information regarding the above system of drawing, and for a set of the 
 books, also for copies of “Educational Methods of Blessed De La Salle,” 
 and “Management of Christian Schools,” both admirable works. In 
 this exhibit which comprised eighty-two volumes, there were several 
 excellent relief maps, those of New York, Washington, D. C., Niagara 
 Falls and vicinity, and of Philadelphia being the most notable. 
 
 The purpose of this exhibit was to show how the Christian Brothers 
 are trained to become such excellent teachers, hence it was one ot the 
 
 
most interesting and most important of the many displays made by 
 this grand educational body. 
 
 Looking at the illustration of alcove 102, we see on the wall at the 
 head of the compartment, the framed picture from Be La Salle Insti¬ 
 tute. Troy, and on the side walls, a number of unframed pieces from 
 the same school. 
 
 The glass-covered cabinets, at the head of the alcove, were from St. 
 Joseph’s School, Chicopee, Mass.; the contents illustrated the process of 
 
 EXHIBITS OF ST. JOSEPH’S NORMAL COLLEGE. AMAWALK, N. Y. (ALCOVE NO. 78.) 
 
 silk culture, from the egg of the silk-worm to the spools and bobbins 
 full of the lovely, flossy, silken thread; specimens showing the course 
 of transformation from cocoon to fabric were in evidence, as collected, 
 labeled and placed by the students. In a neighboring cabinet was an 
 exhibit of cotton, from seed to woven cloth ; another display showed 
 “How paper is made”; every step of the work was illustrated. 
 
 The gathering of such collections was to the students a far more 
 effective way of learning the facts concerned, than any mere study of 
 
 books, however extensive or profound it might be, could have afforded 
 them. 
 
 The books, albums and pamphlets to be seen resting on the alcove 
 tables, were full of surprises for persons who had, up to that time, re¬ 
 garded Catholic education as an affair of religious superstition and sci¬ 
 entific superficiality. Students able to produce such results in mathe¬ 
 matics could not be superficial. Students able to express, in elegant 
 diction, such grave ideas and serious emotions were not shallow. 
 
 As for superstition,—a few 
 minutes spent in examining the 
 exercises in logic, and in the var¬ 
 ious chapters of intellectual phil¬ 
 osophy, as presented by these 
 pupils, dispelled the idea that 
 they could be guilty of anything 
 so illogical, so unphilosophical as 
 superstition. 
 
 Their literary studies were 
 varied and profound, nor were 
 they confined to Catholic au¬ 
 thors ; the standard works of Eng¬ 
 lish and American literature were 
 found to have been commented 
 upon, in a clear and intelligent 
 manner by these youth so well 
 trained, yet not tyrannically re¬ 
 strained. 
 
 In alcove 102 appeared the 
 following choice exhibits, replete 
 with attractive features for the 
 sight-seer, and full of interest for 
 the observant and thoughtful stu¬ 
 dent. The institutions that pre¬ 
 sented these exhibits are all in 
 charge of the Christian Brothers; 
 the displays were as follows: Do 
 La Salle Institute, Troy, N. Y., 
 Diocese of Albany, contributed 
 eight volumes book-keeping, 
 three volumes and thirteen copy 
 books English grammar, four 
 volumes and one hundred and 
 four copy books phonography, 
 eight volumes and thirty-four 
 copy books arithmetic, two vol¬ 
 umes geography, two volumes 
 and four copy books trigonom¬ 
 etry and surveying, seven vol¬ 
 umes and eighteen copy books 
 algebra, two volumes geometry 
 and mensuration, two volumes 
 examination papers, eight vol¬ 
 umes compositions, one volume 
 physics and chemistry, one vol¬ 
 ume and five copy books rhetoric, 
 fourteen copy books German, one 
 volume physiology, three volumes 
 essays, two copy books mensura¬ 
 tion, five volumes penmanship, 
 eighteen copy books commercial 
 law, two copy books Macaulay’s 
 Essay on Dryden (phonogra¬ 
 phy), twelve copy hooks notes on 
 Balmes’ Criterion, five copy 
 nooks notes on Hamlet, one copy book civil government (phonogra¬ 
 phy), two albums contrast pages writing, sixteen large volumes draw¬ 
 ing (linear and freehand), nineteen drawings (framed), fifty large 
 drawings (architectural, mechanical, ornamental and figures), one 
 album business forms and photographs. This institution had a dis¬ 
 play with the New York State exhibit. Male Orphan Asylum, Trov : 
 sixteen volumes: Drawing, arithmetic, writing, dictation, map model¬ 
 ing, lreehand drawing, catechism, map drawing and photographs. One 
 

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volume contrast pages writing. St. Joseph’s School, Chicopee, Mass., 
 Diocese of Springfield : Twenty one volumes book-keeping, thirty-six 
 volumes specimen sheets of penmanship, one hundred penmanship copy 
 books, twelve volumes class work various branches, two volumes speci¬ 
 mens of typewriting, one volume compositions, eight volumes freehand 
 and linear drawing, four volumes maps, large album photographs of 
 schools, church and surroundings, teachers, graduates, sodalities, chancel 
 choir, military company, classes, two cabinets silk culture, product of 
 silk-worm from egg of moth to the finished articles; two cabinets cotton, 
 from seed of plant to the finest grade of cloth; one cabinet of speci¬ 
 mens showing how paper is made. St. Joseph’s Academy, Burlington, 
 N. H., Diocese of Burlington: Eleven albums examination papers: 
 
 to algebra, Sacred History, grammar and geology. Four albums class 
 debates, three albums specimens, trigonometry and surveying. La Salle 
 Academy, Halifax, N. S., Diocese of Halifax : One album photographs, 
 three volumes geometry, three volumes grammatical analysis, three vol¬ 
 umes phonography, ten volumes letters, six volumes invoices and letters, 
 four volumes home exercises, eight volumes writing, eighteen volumes 
 arithmetic, twenty-four volumes drawing (primary grade), eleven vol¬ 
 umes writing (primary grade), thirty-three copy books book-keeping, 
 eight sheets of drawing and one map. Cathedral School, Albany, N. Y., 
 Diocese of Albany: Two volumes book keeping, four volumes penman¬ 
 ship, one volume examination papers, four volumes home exercises, one 
 portfolio of crayon, linear and water-color drawings, portfolios, charts, 
 
 EXHIBITS OP ACADEMIES ANP PARISH SCHOOLS OF THE CHRISTIAN BROTHERS, 
 
 Penmanship, grammar, arithmetic, dictation, letter writing, com¬ 
 position, commercial law, Christian Doctrine, seventy-two copy 
 books miscellaneous subjects, one album monthly bulletins, one 
 album drawing and twenty-three copy books of penmanship. 
 
 La Salle Academy, Providence, R. I., Diocese of Providence: Eight 
 copy books graded exercises, eight copy books each Latin and 
 English essays with phonography, one album each: Christian Doctrine, 
 photographs and sketches, twelve copy hooks French (first class), seven 
 copy books Greek, fourteen copy books French (second class), eleveri'copy 
 books English essays, seventeen copy books Christian Doctrine, thirty 
 copy books translations, Latin, French, nine copy books shorthand (ver¬ 
 batim reports), ten copy books reports of cases (Supreme Court), phon¬ 
 ography and typewriting, thirty-two copy books phonography applied 
 
 DIOCESE OF ALBANY, SPRINGFIELD, AND HALIFAX. (ALCOVE NO. 102.) 
 
 phonography charts, and one “Ecce Homo” (crayon). St. John’s 
 School: Two volumes class work. 
 
 The students who prepared the above exhibit from La Salle Institute, 
 Troy, may be called educated, certainly, in the very best sense of the 
 word. Here is depth of thought, here is broadness of view, here is true 
 culture. To have viewed these exhibits was to be convinced that those 
 who were able to produce such results were possessed of talents and ac 
 quirements that are priceless. 
 
 Some idea may be gained of the “nineteen framed drawings” by 
 looking at our illustration of alcove 102. Such work in the classical 
 and in the modern languages as that accomplished by the students of 
 La Salle Academy of Providence, R. I., forms the basis of literary cul¬ 
 ture, as the debates and the studies in applied mathematics lay the 
 
EXHIBITS OF CHRISTIAN BROTHERS’ ACADEMY, ALBANY, N. Y., AND OF ST. VINCENTS 7 INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, UTICA. (ALCOVE NO. 104.) 
 
 exercises in trigonometry, seven volumes penmanship, two volumes 
 language, one volume German penmanship, three volumes examination 
 papers, live volumes home exercises, four volumes kindergarten work, 
 and several specimens of modeling in clay. 
 
 The photographs of the members of the “Cadet Battalion” were well 
 worth looking at, for very brave and handsome were the youthful heroes- 
 to-be in their gay uniforms. Every volume, every paper, merited com¬ 
 mendation for its superior scholarship. The excellent specimens of 
 clay modeling, from the kindergarten department are visible, at the 
 left side of the back ground, in the illustration. 
 
 for himself. The wood carving was very good and the twelve panels of 
 pyrography, or fire-drawing, were not only pretty, but very interesting, 
 for the designs were often very intricate and elaborate, though traced 
 only with a sharp steel instrument intensely heated. 
 
 The samples of stocking weaving and knitting that were sent from 
 this industrial school were manufactured by boys, and the making of 
 them is a useful trade, the knowledge of which may yet afford these 
 youths a livelihood, hence the importance attached to their appearance 
 in the exhibit. 
 
 foundation for more solid attainments. “Discussions on Macaulay’s 
 Essays” and “Notes on Balmes’ Criterion” are not found on the pro¬ 
 grams of superficial educators. 
 
 In alcove 104, were placed the exhibits of another group of Chris¬ 
 tian Brothers’ Schools:—The Christian Brothers’ Academy, Albany, N. 
 Y., Diocese of Albany, presented the following display: Four volumes of 
 linear drawing, one volume ornamental drawing, one photographic 
 album of cadet battalion, two volumes typewriting and phonography, 
 one volume English compositions, one volume Latin and English, one 
 volume mathematics, one volume trigonometry, one volume practical 
 
 St. Vincent’s Industrial School, Utica, N. Y., Diocese of Syracuse, in 
 charge of Christian Brothers, sent the following exhibit: Eight volumes 
 class work: Christian Doctrine, penmanship, composition, history, 
 grammar, one volume letter writing, one crayon portrait, forty-six 
 crayon drawings (framed), twenty-six plaster casts, two frames photo¬ 
 graphs, fifty-one pieces wood carving, twelve panels in pyrography, six¬ 
 teen drawings from photo-etchings, one chart illustrating the stocking 
 industry, samples of stockings made by pupils. 
 
 The illustration shows the crayon drawings and the plaster casts so 
 plainly as to render any comments unnecessary, the reader can judge 
 
 221 
 
'['be (Kristian grotbcr§ and the Columbian Exposition. 
 
 I (s\ X page 24 of this publication, will be found an account of the 
 origin of the great teaching Order, the Brothers of the Christian 
 Schools ; of its progress the most eloquent pages might be transcribed 
 without doing the subject full justice. 
 
 “Rome was not built in a day;” such educational perfection in sys¬ 
 tem, in methods, in attainment of results, as the various exhibits of the 
 Christian Brothers’ schools manifested, did not come into existence sud¬ 
 denly. Energetic effort and indefatigable perseverance were the forces 
 brought to bear upon a thousand obstacles and difficulties, ere a system 
 was formed which should embrace the needs of institutions of such va¬ 
 ried character, from the simple primary school, with its very intricate 
 difficulties, to the grand university, with the simple directness of its 
 mighty demands. Many a bitter disappointment sank valiant hearts, 
 ere the system developed methods proportioned to the tasks involved in 
 the double training of mind and soul. 
 
 The character of the results attained was amply manifested in the 
 European and American Collective Exhibits of the Christian Brothers, 
 at the Columbian Exposition. The European displays filled the wall 
 and desk .space of eleven alcoves, and comprised work from France, 
 England, Belgium, Switzerland, Isle of Mauritius, and Spain, including 
 the exhibits of more than one hundred schools. The American display 
 occupied fourteen alcoves, comprising exhibits from twenty dioceses, 
 
 including the work of over one hundred schools. These were classified 
 as normal schools, institutes, preparatory institutes, colleges, academies, 
 halls, high schools, commercial schools, colleges and academies, gram¬ 
 mar schools and parochial schools. It is needless to particularize in 
 regard to the character of the exhibits presented by these schools, they 
 have been fully and minutely described. All true children of the 
 Church who took a pride in the Catholic exhibit, and are still gratified 
 when they recall its noble triumphs, owe a debt of gratitude to the 
 Christian Brothers. 
 
 Very few persons realize the number and the magnitude of the sacri¬ 
 fices made by those who brought the Catholic exhibits into existence. 
 It required the intellectual and physical efforts of skilled educators, 
 much time and very much money. Many dioceses were in evidence with 
 superb exhibits from nearly every one of their schools, and their finan¬ 
 cial contributions were very liberal. It is noteworthy, however, that 
 out of a total of 1337 schools of every description represented in the 
 Catholic exhibits, 1308 of these schools or ninety-seven and seven- 
 tenths per cent, were in charge of the various Religious Teaching Orders. 
 It is but simple justice to the Christian Brothers to jp$ce on record the 
 fact that, in addition to the sacrifices enumerated above, they contributed 
 the services of six members of the Order, during various periods of time, 
 without any financial compensation to their institutions for their time 
 and services, in the interest of all the schools ex¬ 
 hibiting. Thus is was that Brother Maurelian, 
 secretary and manager, devoted three years to the 
 work of preparation, installing and winding up of 
 this work; Brother Quintinian of New York gave 
 eight months of time from his important duties; 
 Brother Eliphus of Philadelphia and Brother Am- 
 ian of Santa Fe, each four months, and Brothers 
 Stephen and Gregory of New York three months 
 each. In this way did the Brothers gratuitously 
 serve the Church and all the schools represented by 
 exhibits. 
 
 Those who are under the impression that the 
 World’s Fair was “a big investment” for the 
 Christian Brothers are greatly mistaken. Nor are 
 all the Brothers’ sacrifices mentioned here; there 
 are others, of time and money, made by Brother 
 Maurelian, for the benefit of certain religious com¬ 
 munities, during a crisis in the affairs of this publi¬ 
 cation. The writer has had opportunity to know 
 that for his efforts in behalf of the various Teaching 
 Orders, Brother Maurelian has received no return of 
 any sort. 
 
 His interest, his care and labor, his vigilance 
 and prudent foresight surrounded, bounded and 
 permeated each and every exhibit, making each 
 alone, and all combined—a success, a lasting ad¬ 
 vertisement for various institutions, an unfading 
 glory for Catholic education. The latter brings its 
 own reward; the former should bring him some 
 substantial acknowledgment of services rendered, 
 and endless benefits conferred. 
 
 BROTHER MAURELIAN, SECRETARY AND MANAGER OF CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITS 
 REVIEWING CORRESPONDENCE IN HIS PRIVATE OFFICE AT THE WORLD’S FAIR. 
 
'Jhe foreign Exhibits of 'flje gljristian grotljcrs. 
 
 On page 26 of this publication we have given a description of one 
 of the foreign exhibits of the Christian Brothers, here we will continue 
 the subject. In the illustration of alcove 115, will be seen the exhibits 
 from the Christian Brothers’ Professional School for training skilled 
 mechanics, and known as the Ecole De La Salle, of Lyons and Douai, 
 France. 
 
 The former was represented by class work as well as mechanical 
 specimens; the latter presented samples of work in wood and iron. 
 Even to'the reader unable to read the French, the various books of 
 
 Church. Twelve books contained drawings from objects and made us 
 wonder why a certain critic, who wrote for the press a wholesale com- 
 demnation of the art shown in the Catholic exhibit, did not chance to 
 see these books, and hundreds similar to them, that appeared in the 
 various alcoves of the entire exhibit. Not more than one dozen speci¬ 
 mens of drawing were from the flat, or from copies, yet these were 
 taken as a type of the pencil w'ork contributed by Catholic schools. 
 In truth the immense majority of specimens offered were drawn from 
 objects. There was not an exhibit of any pretensions that did not have 
 in its portfolios numberless drawings from casts of various parts of 
 the human figure. One who can draw from casts can draw from any 
 sort of object, we take it. Again, in a multitude of drawing books, con- 
 
 EXHIBTT OF THE CHRISTIAN BROTHERS’ PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS FOR TRAINING SKILLED MECHANICS, KNOWN AS ECOLE DE 
 
 DOUAI, FRANCE. (ALCOVE NO. 115.) 
 
 SALLE,” OF LYONS AND 
 
 exercises would have been interesting, by reason of the order and 
 neatness of arrangement and the pretty, foreign penmanship. 
 
 The Ecole De La Salle, Lyons, sent the following collection of school 
 work and specimens of mechanical skill, viz .:—Eight copy books cate¬ 
 chism, twelve copy books sketches from objects, thirty-four cards ot 
 iron forging, one machine for piercing, one small cannon, four volumes 
 drawings, two copy books conference on hygiene, eighteen copy books 
 sketches of machines, six sheets of machine drawing “Timed,” one vol¬ 
 ume architectural drawing, one volume descriptive geometry. 
 
 We found, in the eight books of catechism, just such questions and 
 answers as had been read in hundreds of similar books, in the exhibits 
 of our own land ; a lesson, a veritable object lesson, on the unity ot the 
 
 tributed by parochial schools, we found proofs that the pupils had been 
 taught by the use of blocks and shells, also that various pieces repre¬ 
 sented numerous objects classed as “still life.” One swallow would 
 indeed make a tropical summer for such a critic as made the unauthor¬ 
 ized statements quoted above. But let us cross the ocean again, or rather 
 let us turn our attention again to the glimpse of French education 
 brought over the ocean to us, by the Christian Brothers of Ecole De La 
 Salle. The list mentions thirty-four cards of iron forging; these are visi¬ 
 ble on the left wall of the alcove, where may be seen parts of guns and of 
 scientific instruments, also a machine for piercing holes in metals, and 
 a small cannon; these were the heaviest pieces in the display. Resting 
 on the floor and secured so as to remain open, while the photographer 
 
 
 223 
 
six copy books stenography, sixteen copy books map drawing and St. 
 Ambrose’s sent twenty-four copy books catechism, one copy book litera¬ 
 ture, twenty-two copy books geography, seventeen copy books writing, 
 three copy books stenography, fourteen copy books book-keeping, seven 
 copy books natural history, four copy books geology, seven copy books 
 chemistry, nine copy books physics. 
 
 The beautiful unity of the Church made these catechism papers, 
 though written in elegant, Parisian French, as familiar to the mind, as 
 our little green covered pamphlet, that always looks so battered -from 
 frequent use. 
 
 The compositions, showing choice sentiments and polished diction, 
 were on subjects less strange than the language, for “there is nothing- 
 new under the sun.” hence the youthful student in France thinks in 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM PROFESSIONAL ART AND BOARDING SCHOOLS OF ST. PIERRE AND ST. LUKE, LILLI-BEAUVAIS AND OTHER CITIES. (ALCOVE NO. 108.) 
 
 mortising, of cabinets, of doors, of windows, and of stair building. 
 These appear at the left side of the alcove, and in all directions are 
 scattered the pieces of iron work, such as rulers, compasses, calipers, 
 iron turning, pulleys, wrenches and vises. The interest of these objects 
 rested in the fact that they were the work of boys, not of men, and in 
 the sense that our religious teachers are starting out on the right path 
 towards the successful and useful training of our young men to become 
 independent bread winners. 
 
 Besides St. Nicholas’ School of Trades, treated of in the early part of 
 this publication, six schools located in Paris, France, were represented 
 in the Christian Brothers’ exhibit. St. Clothilde’s sent one volume 
 catechism, twenty copy books composition, seventy copy books writing, 
 
 much the same manner as his contemporary in America, and reflects on 
 much the same sort of subjects. The sciences, physics, geology, natural 
 histoiy and chemistry were presented in a style that gave the papers 
 high rank as educational productions, for the French have a peculiar 
 talent for scientific studies. Stenography is, evidently, with them, as 
 with us, a bread-winning pursuit, and a knowledge of it is acquired for 
 practical purposes. 
 
 From St. Denis came fifteen books of language lessons and one 
 album containing papers on geography. From St. Joseph’s were sent 
 three sets of class work, selected from the best, and presented as speci¬ 
 mens of the ordinary methods and results of the school tasks. St. 
 Sulpice, as befitted its name, and fame, sent a volume on catechism 
 
 224 
 
models for all who teach Sacred Science. St. Germain L’Auxerrois sent 
 (strange that our critic did not see them) ten books of freehand draw¬ 
 ing and one volume of ornamental drawing. The former included a 
 great variety of subjects and the latter displayed countless designs for 
 decorative purposes; pretty, graceful designs, as might be expected 
 from such lovers of the beautiful as the French are known to be. 
 
 From Bergues came one volume of drawings, perspective, reliefs and 
 plans; all illustrating difficult principles. Volumes of exceedingly beau¬ 
 tiful ornamental designs, fourteen books in all, were contributed by the 
 schools of Issy-sur-Seine, Igny (Seine-et-Oise) and Alais; class work, 
 lessons in agriculture, map drawing and botanical specimens, five 
 volumes altogether, were sent from Laurac, and Privas (Ardeche). 
 From Arbois (Jura) came one volume of ornamental, two volumes of 
 mechanical and two volumes of linear drawings. Beaune (Cote D’Or.) 
 was represented by an exhibit comprising five books of general class 
 work, sixteen books of arithmetic, twenty-one hooks of map drawing, 
 forty specimens of penmanship, and one chart on the Phylloxera. 
 “ The Phylloxera,” dear reader, is an insect that does great damage to 
 the grape vines in Europe, and must, of course, have special interest 
 for people so extensively engaged in the cultivation of the vine as are 
 the French. 
 
 The Brothers’ School at Chatillon sur-Seine, also Cote D’Or, pre¬ 
 sented excellent class work, and some very good drawings. 
 
 The school at Gray (Haute Saone) contributed a volume of pen 
 sketches and water color pictures, both of great merit; and so very 
 pretty as to make one reluctant to turn away from them. Indeed it 
 was a genuine pleasure to look them over, and to dwell on their beau¬ 
 tiful colors and graceful designs. 
 
 This institution sent also two volumes of history and geography; few 
 subjects made the foreign students seem farther away than these, for 
 points of interest to them are of little or no interest to us, and those that 
 seem of supreme importance to us are almost unknown to them. This 
 collection contained a number of pictures not only reproduced but, what 
 is much more difficult, enlarged, yet they were otherwise faithful to the 
 originals. 
 
 From Ormans (Doubs) was sent a volume of maps that displayed 
 exceedingly fine work. From Neufchatel (Switzerland) were sent two 
 volumes of drawings, among which there were many very handsome 
 pieces. From Bedarieux were sent four books of freehand sketches which 
 were admirable for their correct outlines; there were among them fin¬ 
 ished drawings in which the skillful shading made a most notable im¬ 
 provement. 
 
 In our illustration of alcove 108 will be seen the exhibits from the 
 Christian Brothers’ schools in Beauvais and Lille. In the former town 
 they have an agricultural school, a boarding school and the school “De 
 La Madeleine.” From the first came the following display which is in 
 perfect harmony with the character of the school, and with its purpose 
 in training students : Fourteen copy books, elements of style, one vol¬ 
 ume of writing, one hundred and fifty-seven copy books of writing, nine 
 sets book-keeping, ten copy books of pedagogy, forty-one copy books 
 map drawing, eleven copy books horticulture, one volume plans (build¬ 
 ings and agricultural machines), twenty annals of the agronomical sta¬ 
 tion, one volume results of agricultural labor from 1855 till 1892, twenty- 
 one copy books catechism, one hundred and ten copy books language les¬ 
 sons, one volume composition, thirty-eight copy books composition, 
 eleven copy books geometry, eighty copy books mathematics, eighty copy 
 books arithmetic, twenty-four copy books notes on lessons in reading. 
 
 This institution, with its agronomical station, is practically a great 
 training and experimental school for the French government to which it 
 is responsible and to which it is obliged to make formal reports, at stated 
 periods. Here machinery is made and agricultural experiments are 
 tried, in the service of the government, and for the benefit of the nation. 
 
 The staff' of officers required at the agronomical station will give the 
 reader some idea of the magnitude of the work accomplished there. 
 Under the guidance of the general director, the following officials keep 
 the educational machinery in motion an expert chemical analyst, an 
 experimental agriculturist, a rural economist and accountant, an expert 
 in zootomy, a veterinary surgeon, a professor of arboriculture and horti¬ 
 culture, an agricultural geologist, professors of physics and chemistry, of 
 mathematics, of zoology, of rural jurisprudence, of agriculture and mete¬ 
 orology, and an expert botanist. Under such an efficient corps of in¬ 
 structors, it is not surprising that magnificent results are attained. 
 
 Among the more notable of the exhibits named above were the set of 
 books on “The Elements of Style,” the “Volume of Results in Agricul¬ 
 ture, etc.,” and the papers on “Pedagogy,” all of which were exceedingly 
 interesting and helpful. The penmanship differs from ours in being fine 
 and small, but it is very accurate and pretty. Horticulture and agri¬ 
 culture were treated of extensively, from an experienced point of view, 
 and with broad information. “The Annals of the Agronomical Station” 
 teemed with instruction based on facts arrived at by practical experi¬ 
 ence. 
 
 Besides the work already mentioned, the Agricultural School con¬ 
 tributed a “Collection of Scientific Researches in Agriculture, Horticul¬ 
 ture, Pedagogy and other subjects,” also plans for buildings,'and de¬ 
 signs for agricultural machinery. The boarding school sent advanced 
 class work beautifully written and perfectly accurate. School “De La 
 Madeleine” presented excellent class work, admirable drawings and ele¬ 
 gant penmanship. 
 
 From Lille came the following extensive and exceedingly interesting 
 exhibit: St. Pierre’s School sent one volume catechism, one volume 
 {esthetics, one volume photographs of buildings and classes, two copy 
 books notes of lessons on preparing patterns for silk weaving, one volume 
 outline drawing, two volumes patterns for silk weaving, one volume tapes¬ 
 try and weaving patterns, one volume figure study (preparatory for en¬ 
 graving), one volume studies of heads (for expression), one volume dec¬ 
 orative painting, one volume studies in shading, one volume studies in 
 ornamental drawing, one volume studies of extremities and heads, eight 
 volumes linear drawing. St. Luke’s School sent two volumes prepara¬ 
 tory drawings, one volume illuminated drawings, five volumes archi¬ 
 tectural drawings, one volume patterns and decorative painting, one vol¬ 
 ume drawings for sculpture and iron work. The Commercial School 
 was represented by one volume showing the course in linear drawing. 
 
 That catechism received full justice goes without telling, as the 
 French idiom puts it, but the papers on “/Esthetics” were eagerly 
 scanned by interested visitors, that they might learn how this much 
 abused subject was regarded by the Brothers and the students under 
 their influence. To those who are ignorant of the versatility of the 
 Church, it is a surprise that Catholic students should have advanced 
 ideas on such a subject. 
 
 The patterns for silk weaving and for tapestry were enough to turn 
 the heads of the fashionable dames who patronize that branch of trade 
 so extensively. The outline drawing, the studies of facial expression, 
 the studies in shading, the decorative painting—all were admirable. 
 The iron work was pronounced by competent judges to be exceedingly 
 skillful in every particular. 
 
 One of these schools in Lille presented to the exhibit several vol¬ 
 umes of original designs in illuminated work, and of copied illumin¬ 
 ations ; both were exquisitely beautiful in coloring and design, and ex¬ 
 ceedingly skillful in execution. 
 
 Our illustration gives a slight idea of some of the drawings. It would 
 really, be worth one’s while to procure and use a reading glass of good 
 magnifying power when looking at the picture of the walls of alcove 106. 
 Were not Beauvais and Lille honorably represented by this exhibit of 
 beautiful handiwork ? Only a bigot could either overlook or deny the fact. 
 It happens, however, that the supply of bigots is quite equal to the most 
 exorbitant demands of prejudice, and they were all alert at the time of 
 the Columbian Exposition. Broad-minded, great-hearted men, like Dr. 
 Peabody, could be just in their judgments and fearless in expressing 
 them, so much was not to be expected of the narrow intellect and the 
 shallow heart of the bigoted critic. 
 
 The Brothers’ Schools in Compiegne (Oise), in Gua-a-Aubin (Avey- 
 ron) and in Rennes (lie and Vilaine) joined in the exhibit, the first 
 sending specimens of a high grade of class work, maps and drawings; 
 the second plans, maps and drawings ; the last sent maps that were not 
 excelled by any in the exhibit. 
 
 The schools in the following piaces, viz. Bezier. Cette, Pezenas 
 (Herault), Montpellier, Carcassonne (Aude), and Perpignan (Pyrenees 
 Orient) contributed exhibits as here enumerated. First. Fifty copy 
 books, dictation (elementary course), forty-two copy books dictation 
 (superior course), two hundred and forty-nine copy books arithmetic, 
 thirty-eight copy books algebra, thirty-nine copy books geometry, 
 thirty-three copy books map drawing, one hundred and forty-three copy 
 books language lessons, twenty-four copy books records of daily 
 lessons, fifty-one copy books style, one hundred and thirty-five copy 
 
 223 
 
books writing, thirteen volumes herbaria collected and arranged by 
 students, two volumes surveying, four collections of minerals and shells, 
 five volumes geometrical drawings, four volumes ornamental drawing, 
 one volume sketches and finished drawings, ten copy books linear draw¬ 
 ing and five copy books surveying. Second. Sixty-eight copy books 
 dictation, eighty-one copy books language lessons, one hundred and 
 fifty-eight copy books writing, twenty-two copy books lettering, one vol¬ 
 ume ornamental drawing. Third. Twenty-eight copy books dictation, 
 fifty-three copy hooks language lessons, nineteen copy books lettering, 
 one volume linear drawing. Fourth. One hundred fifteen copy books 
 dictation, forty-six copy books language lessons, thirty copy books alge¬ 
 bra, forty-two copy books arithmetic, one hundred copy books writing, 
 
 in mathematics, and the very finely arranged and classified botanical 
 specimens collected in thirteen volumes. The third, fourth and fifth 
 were remarkable for their dictation exercises, language lessons and dis¬ 
 cussions of literary style. The sixth presented beautiful papers on 
 some of the natural sciences, and did ample justice to every subject 
 mentioned. 
 
 Another magnificent display comprised work from the Christian 
 Brothers’ Schools in Dijon, St. Laurent (Salanque), Bordeaux, Agen, 
 Marmande, Havre, Rouen, Chartres, Cambrai, St. Arnand Les Eaux 
 (Nord), Cham berry, La Motte, Annecy and St. Roche, (the last three 
 are in Savoy.) The exhibits contributed by these institutions were im¬ 
 pressive as to quantity, when we consider the trouble and expense of 
 
 one volume geometrical drawing. Fifth. Filty-eight copy books dic¬ 
 tation, one hundred fifty-two copy books language lessons, one hundred 
 and five copy books mathematics, eleven copy books style, twenty copy 
 books maps, sixty-four copy books linear drawing, five volumes linear 
 and ornamental drawing. Sixth. Seventy-four copy books dictation, 
 twelve copy, books lexicology and style, eighteen copy books style, 
 sixty-nine copy books language lessons, fifteen copy books algebra, 
 twenty-three copy books geometry, nineteen copy books arithmetic, 
 eighteen copy books book-keeping, six copy books natural history, 
 fifty-two copy books writing, seventeen copy books geography, twelve 
 copy books history, six copy books physics, six copy books chemistry, 
 one copy book surveying, two volumes linear drawing. 
 
 The chief feature of the first display was the exceedingly good work 
 
 sending them across the ocean, and as to quality, when we remember 
 that they came from “La Belle France,” eldest daughter of the 
 Church, a land especially dear to the Virgin Mother of our Redeemer, 
 and therefore of special interest to all devout Catholics. We found it a 
 delightful experience to handle the objects in these foreign displays, and 
 to trace in the various papers the strong spirit of profound faith and 
 the ardent enthusiasm of true patriotism. 
 
 The contributions from the above localities are here enumerated: 
 The first sent twelve volumes of class work, one'album of surveying 
 one album on vines of Burgundy, one volume photographs, two vol¬ 
 umes maps, three volumes linear drawing, one volume ornamental, one 
 volume relief, one volume washings, one volume sketches, one volume 
 miscellaneous, sixty-seven copy books freehand sketches of objects, four 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM SCHOOLS OF THK CHRISTIAN BROTHERS IN FRANCK AND SPAIN. (ALCOVE NO. 106.) 
 
historical maps “Campaigns of Napoleon.” The second sent nineteen 
 copy books dictation, twenty-five copy books language lessons, one vol¬ 
 ume linear drawing. Third. From the schools of St. Paul, St. Eulalia 
 Sacred Heart. St. Julian, John Baptist de La Salle, Notre Dame, St.’ 
 Martial, St. Bruno, St. Ferdinand, St. Charles, St. Nicholas, St. Seurin 
 and Central High School there came one volume history, four volumes 
 agriculture, one copy book stenography, two copy books arithmetic, one 
 collection showing wines, vines, soil and shells found along the basin of 
 the Gironde, one chart showing region of wines, and geological formation 
 of the basin, two collections of woods, one volume applied botany, four 
 volumes agriculture and botany, two volumes ornamental drawing, one 
 volume perspective drawing, one volume relief drawing, one volume 
 
 one volume architectural drawing‘and plans, fifty copy books linear 
 drawing. Sixth. From the schools:' St. Michael, Notre Dame, St. 
 Maria, which sent two volumes ornamental drawing, four volumes 
 linear drawing, one volume mechanical drawing, five copy books orna¬ 
 mental drawing, fifty-nine copy books daily exercises, thirty-one speci¬ 
 mens of writing, seventy copy books business forms, thirty-five copy 
 books map drawing, one volume maps, ten charts showing imports of 
 the City of Havre. Seventh. Ninety-six copy books daily exercises, 
 nine copy books book-keeping, seventy-four copy books writing, nineteen 
 copy books arithmetic, three volumes examination papers, three vol¬ 
 umes geometrical drawings, eight volumes ornamental drawings. 
 Eighth. Two volumes geometrical drawing, two volumes architectural 
 
 
 EXHIBITS FROM PROFESSIONAL AND DEAF MUTE SCHOOLS OF ST. ETIENNE (LOIRE) FRANCE, 
 
 (ALCOVE NO. 110.) 
 
 AND FROM OTHER SCHOOLS IN FRANCE AND SPAIN. 
 
 relief and landscape drawing, three volumes machine drawing, 
 one volume projections and industrial drawing, one volume sketches of 
 archaeological ornaments, one volume wines and vines of Gironde, one 
 volume heads and landscapes, one volume industrial drawings, one 
 volume portraits and landscapes, one volume pen drawings, one volume 
 heads after the antique, one monograph of royal bed (Renaissance), three 
 volumes freehand drawings, two volumes linear drawings and washings, 
 seven volumes linear drawings for monthly competition, six volumes 
 ornamental drawings for monthly competition, one volume linear draw¬ 
 ing (four years’ course), eight copy books freehand sketches, thirty-two 
 copy books linear drawing, one album calligraphy. Fourth. Two vol¬ 
 umes ornamental drawing. Filth. One volume ornamental drawing, 
 
 drawing, one volume ornamental drawing. Ninth. Two volumes maps, 
 four volumes linear drawing, one volume ornamental drawing. Tenth. 
 Eleven copy books arithmetic, one copy book of stenography (system of 
 Duploye by Bro. Bajule), six volumes stenography applied to other 
 lessons, eight volumes stenography, one volume maps, three albums 
 drawings, one album drawings of scroll work cut out with pen-knife. 
 Eleventh. Fifteen copy books catechism, ninety-six copy books daily 
 exercises, sixty-seven copy books writing, twelve copy books map¬ 
 drawing, two volumes colored drawings, five volumes linear drawings. 
 Twelfth. One volume catechism, twenty-three copy books Sacred His¬ 
 tory, sixty-one copy books language lessons, eighty-two copy books 
 arithmetic, two copy books geometry, one copy book descriptive geom- 
 
etry, one volume specimens writing, two volumes ornamental writing, 
 twenty-one copy books writing, eight copy books German, forty copy 
 books Italian, ninety copy books writing, one copy book civics, fifty-two 
 copy books map drawing, one volume miscellaneous, one volume linear 
 drawing, one volume linear and washings, one volume ornamental. 
 Thirteenth. Thirty-three copy books catechism, twenty-three copybooks 
 Sacred History. The School of Martin D’Ainay sent to the exhibit 
 specimens of grafting. 
 
 Of the first collection, the “Vines of Burgundy” and the “Cam¬ 
 paigns of Napoleon” were the most interesting, though the maps and 
 drawings were exceedingly well executed. The language lessons, in 
 the second, as in all the dhristian Brothers’ exhibits, were very practical 
 and suitable; the exercises showed the results, not only of careful 
 teaching, but of patient drill', which is really nine tenths of the cause of 
 success in training pupils to a proper use of language, and to the ac¬ 
 quirement of a rich vocabulary. 
 
 The work from Bordeaux, in which thirteen sehoms were represented 
 as shown by the third part of the above list, was remarkable for its 
 practical nature and for the insight it gave into the character of some of 
 the bread-winning employments of France. Though ours is an agricul¬ 
 tural country, how our young men would sneer were agriculture made 
 a subject of special study in our schools and colleges ! In this exhibit 
 we found books devoted to agriculture written by the students, these 
 included applied botany and the culture of the vine, the latter being one 
 of the chief industries of France. Even the unqualified enumeration 
 of the objects displayed shows the reader the practical character of the 
 education given in the Christian Brothers’ Schools in France, much 
 more was this evident to one who examined the books and made ac¬ 
 quaintance with their contents. The specimens of art presented in the 
 Bordeaux display were of a high order. 
 
 Rouen, the sixth in the list, was represented by work from “ The 
 Brothers’ High School,” and from several elementary schools. The 
 former presented advanced .class work, of admirable quality, also geom¬ 
 etrical and ornamental drawings. The latter sent class work and orna¬ 
 mental drawings. Look at the walls of alcove 110, in the manner ad¬ 
 vised for 106, an additional pleasure will be experienced and a thrill of 
 satisfaction, also, that there exist Catholic institutions where such beau¬ 
 tiful and such useful work is accomplished. The monograph for a royal 
 bed, after the style of the Renaissance, may be seen on the wall of 
 alcove 106, as presented in our illustration. The monthly competitions 
 in linear and in ornamental drawing were particularly interesting, as 
 showing the real workings of the school. 
 
 Having noticed the handsome drawings from casts that grace the 
 left hand wall of alcove 109, one wonders, with some indignation, why 
 “our critic” failed to notice them ; but, for that matter, there were draw¬ 
 ings from casts in every academic display and in many of those from 
 parochial schools, though not of so high a grade of work as these on 
 which we are now commenting. The drawings of the fourth and fifth 
 collections were worthy of their place in this exhibit; the business 
 forms in the sixth, and the book-keeping in the seventh, were examples 
 of first-class work; the specimens of art in the eighth and ninth were 
 similar in style and merit to those on which we hare already com¬ 
 mented; stenography in the tenth, the colored drawings in the eleventh, 
 the exercises in German and in Italian in the twelfth, and the Sacred 
 History papers, in the thirteenth display, were admirable, each in its 
 own peculiar fashion. The specimens of grafting were interesting to 
 any one having a knowledge of botany, and must have been extremely 
 so to persons engaged in cultivating the vine. 
 
 In alcove 110 , appeared, among others, the exhibit from the Pro¬ 
 fessional School of the Christian Brothers in St. Etienne (Loire), which 
 comprised the following specimens of class work: One album compo¬ 
 sitions, one album geometry, one album arithmetic, one album algebra, 
 one album writing, five copy books book-keeping, two copy hooks notes 
 on lessons on silk weaving, four patterns for silk weaving, four copy 
 books on metallurgy, two volumes linear drawing, one volume descrip- 
 
 tive geometry. .... 
 
 The department for deaf-mutes attached to this institution con- 
 tributed an exhibit that was the work of the teachers, not of the pupils : 
 —Three volumes of method for teaching deaf-mutes; four objects to be 
 used in teaching them, and five books to aid in communicating know¬ 
 ledge to these unfortunates. The photographs of the establishments, 
 of the class of deaf-mutes, and of the diplomas are visible in the illustra¬ 
 
 tion of alcove 110. The lessons on silk weaving and the patterns for it 
 attracted the attention at once, and held it, till all relating to the sub- 
 ject had been examined. 
 
 This institution at St. Etienne really had four schooxs represented in 
 the exhibit: Its boarding school, of the grade of a scientific high 
 school, its school of mines and metallurgy, its professional school for 
 the scientific training of skilled mechanics, and its school ior the deaf- 
 mutes. In the third, youths receive scientific instruction and manual 
 training, both of which are continued for one year after the student has 
 finished the course and is engaged in the labor of his chosen avoca¬ 
 tion. This is accomplished by means of a night school. 
 
 In the school for deaf-mutes, the pupils are taught to use the voice, 
 also the practice of lip reading, so that if a person merely whispers, 
 or simply makes the movement with the lips, the pupil will repeat, in 
 a loud voice, that which was said, whispered, or indicated. This 
 method is in many particulars original with the Brothers who have had 
 charge of the school for many years. In October, 1894, these deaf- 
 mutes were brought to the Exposition at Lyons, where they gave a 
 public exhibition, in the presence of judges and a concourse of visitors. 
 Their attainments were unanimously declared to be remarkable, and 
 their teachers worthy of highest commendation, in token ot which a 
 first class, large gold medal and a diploma of honor were awarded the 
 institution. 
 
 Besides the common branches, the deaf-mutes were taught type¬ 
 writing, printing, lithography, shoe-making, book binding and tailor¬ 
 ing. These students say their night and morning prayers in unison, in 
 a loud voice, and they read aloud. When we pause to consider the 
 patient drill and skillful training it required to bring about such mar¬ 
 velous results we are lost in amazed admiration. 
 
 The system of instruction adopted in this institution and in the 
 schools at Bourg (Ais) and Besancon (Doubs) was carefully noted by 
 many persons interested in the education of deaf-mutes. 
 
 Another fine display of work, prepared under the direction of the 
 Christian Brothers, came from the following localities, in France: Nantes, 
 Angers, Moulins, Commentry, Fourchambault, Landivisiau, Mezieres, 
 Charleville, Nancy, Troyes, St. Omer (Pas De Calais), Hazebrouck, and 
 St. Aubant (Toulouse). These schools presented exhibits as enumerated 
 below: First. One volume projections, two volumes linear drawings, 
 one volume washings, pictures. Second. One volume linear drawings. 
 Third. Four copy books dictation, five copy books style, fourteen copy, 
 books mathematics, one volume artistic penmanship, thirty-six copy 
 books map drawing, fourteen copy books freehand sketches, one volume 
 ornamental drawing, one volume linear drawing. Fourth. One volume 
 writing, two volumes maps, four volumes linear drawing, one volume 
 mechanical drawing and washing, one volume mechanical drawing and 
 plans, one volume freehand sketches from objects. Fifth. Six volumes 
 sketches from objects, one volume linear drawing. Sixth. Sixteen copy 
 books Celtic language. Seventh. One volume ornamental drawing, one 
 volume geometrical drawing. Eighth. One volume ornamental draw¬ 
 ing, one volume linear drawing. Ninth. One volume ornamental draw¬ 
 ing, two volumes geometrical drawing, ten studies stone arches, etc., 
 eighteen specimens of clay modeling. Tenth. One volume relief draw¬ 
 ings, one volume ornamental drawings, one volume freehand sketches, 
 one hundred and twenty-nine copy books sketches, thirteen copy books 
 linear drawing. ' Eleventh. Twelve volumes ornamental drawing, one 
 volume construction, one volume projections, shades and perspective, one 
 volume architectural and mechanical, one volume divers subjects, two 
 volumes geometrical tracings and applications, one volume projections, 
 one volume bridges and plans, one volume descriptive geometry, one 
 volume washings in colors. Twelfth. Eleven volumes ornamental draw¬ 
 ings, one volume linear drawings. Thirteenth. Thirteen volumes linear 
 and ornamental drawings. 
 
 We find in these lists the expression, volumes of “projections ” and 
 specimens of “projections,” in other words “projections of buildings.” 
 These specimens included some really wonderful pen and pencil work ; 
 “the projections of the various parts of large stately structures were 
 shown on large sheets of paper in many of the portfolios. On the out¬ 
 side wall of one of the alcoves, was an example of development of 
 solids. Its remarkable interlacing of lines, producing regular and 
 symmetrical figures, attracted the attention of every thoughtful 
 person who passed through that aisle; it was a wonderful piece of pen- 
 work executed by one of the Brothers. It illustrated profound mathe- 
 
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matical principles, being in this case, the development of the prism. 
 A volume of “washings” is an expression which may puzzle some of 
 our readers ; these “washings” were pictures painted in a peculiar way ; 
 frequently, the “washing ” is done with some metal, as gold or silver, 
 liquefied... The artistic penmanship mentioned in the third list was ex¬ 
 ceedingly beautiful. 
 
 The Celtic language, in which were the exercises referred to in the 
 sixth list, rivals the Italian in its musical cadences and its sweet ac¬ 
 cent. The clay modeling, presented in the ninth, the plans for bridges, 
 in the eleventh, and the “washings” in colors were all exceedingly at¬ 
 tractive, as were also the specimens of drawing given by each school; 
 many of them are reproduced in our illustrations. 
 
 These professional schools, whose exhibits we have enumerated, em- 
 
 and exact models in wood show how well the young apprentice had 
 mastered the details of the work he had in hand. Always were the 
 drawings and the actual production of the piece of work shown con¬ 
 jointly ; theoretical and practical knowledge went hand in hand; exact 
 drawings of every detail connected with a piece of work were first made, 
 and the pupil was theoretically familiar with every feature of his task 
 before it materialized into the numerous specimens of a superior charac¬ 
 ter that were placed on exhibition. 
 
 The value of drawing as an aid to the architect, the engineer and 
 the skilled mechanic was plainly recognized throughout the whole range 
 of the Christian Brothers’ exhibits. These schools of France, Belgium, 
 England and Spain displayed, in the various alcoves devoted to then- 
 exhibits, one thousand and eight separate sheets of students’ drawings, 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 EXHIBITS OF DRAWINGS AND DESIGNS FROM CHRISTIAN BROTHERS’ SCHOOLS OF FRANCE AND SPAIN. (ALCOVE NO. 109.) 
 
 brace the general features of our American manual training schools 
 with additional features resulting from a more extended experience and 
 a much longer existence marked by steady improvement and untiring 
 advancement. The Christian Brothers in charge of these institutions 
 aim at giving more than an elementary training in the various crafts; 
 the pupil who completes the superior course in any of these schools 
 takes rank at once with the skilled artisans engaged in the leading 
 mechanical and industrial avocations. 
 
 Let the reader look at the objects shown in our illustrations, it will 
 be found that whether it be the welding of a ring, the fitting of a joint, 
 the adjustment of an eccentric, or the forming of some complicated 
 piece of difficult mechanism, the carefully executed sectional drawings 
 
 four hundred and nineteen copy books containing pupils’ drawings, 
 one hundred and forty-eight volumes of students’ drawings, and four 
 large folios of students’ patterns for tapestry, weaving, etc. Aside from 
 these, there were thirty large maps and eleven charts requiring great 
 skill with the pencil. 
 
 The specimens of brass work, six in number, were large, massive 
 and elaborately decorated; they were described and illustrated when 
 mention was made of the exhibit from St. Nicholas’ Trades School ol 
 Paris. Specimens of wood work and furniture, forty-two in number, 
 and specimens of iron work, machines, instruments, etc., seventy-nine 
 in all, were sent from several of the other foreign schools, as our lists 
 and our illustrations show. 
 
 280 
 
PLASTER CASTS, MODELS IX ZINC AND WOOD TO AID IN TEACHING DESIGN, DRAWING AND CONSTRUCTION. (ALCOVE NO. 113.) 
 
 dried ” for the occasion,—not at all! The greater number of the books 
 presented merely the plain, every-day dictation exercises, with the cor¬ 
 rections marked in red ink, as is the custom of the teachers to do- 
 
 Specimens of the synopses, analyses and outlines, according to 
 which the students habitually prepare their recitations, were given, 
 thus affording the reader an opportunity to judge of the methods as 
 well as to witness their results. 
 
 In alcove 110, among the hooks from the French schools, were two 
 volumes of original work that received much notice and were the ob¬ 
 jects of glowing praise; a professor of many years’ experience in college 
 work, asserted that he regarded these volumes as superior to any¬ 
 thing displayed in the entire educational exhibit of the World’s Fair. 
 
 volume miscellaneous work. Third. One hundred and twenty-two 
 specimen sheets of writing, fifty-two copy books book-keeping, one 
 volume ornamental drawing, one volume linear drawing. Fourth. 
 Five copy books dictation, twelve copy books arithmetic. Fifth. Ten 
 copy hooks class work, one copy book commercial operations, one copy 
 book freehand drawing, one copy book linear drawing, one volume map 
 drawing, five maps, and seven mounted drawings. In open contrast to 
 the lists of French exhibits, these Spanish lists sound quite American. 
 
 The impression that the exhibit was American was dispelled, how¬ 
 ever, as soon as the books were opened, and the eye caught the stately 
 Spanish language in which their contents were expressed. The world 
 is small, after all; here were exercises in book-keeping, in the various 
 
 “There was no denying the silent evidence of those thousands of copy 
 books and hundreds of volumes (filled with class work), in addition to 
 the hundreds of specimens of talented handiwork.” It is not pos¬ 
 sible that only a few bright students did all that work; there were five 
 thousand and eighty-six copy books and seventy-nine large volumes 
 containing papers that covered the entire scope of a liberal education. 
 Mathematics, literature and history; the natural, physical, exact and 
 sacred sciences; religion and pedagogy; fancy pen work and draw¬ 
 ing, agriculture and horticulture—nothing was omitted, and noth¬ 
 ing was poorly done, for out of the work of hundreds of students 
 only the most creditable was chosen. Yet what a grand and im¬ 
 pressive showing, as to the numbers of pieces and hooks and volumes, 
 only, “the most creditable” made! Nor \vn this material “ cut and 
 
 These books comprised original work by the pupils, in which each had 
 invented or had combined, to the best of his ability, beautiful and elab¬ 
 orate designs in drawing ; these he had then offered to the Director of 
 the school, as a token of respect and affection. The sentiment that 
 prompted the work and the exquisite style of its execution combined to 
 render it highly commendable, as well as unique. 
 
 Thirteen schools in Spain contributed to the foreign exhibit of 
 the Christian Brothers; several of these institutions are located 
 in Cobreces (Santander), Castro, Urdiales, Duestro-Bilbao, Yerez 
 and Valladolid. Their contributions were: First. Twenty-seven 
 copy books book-keeping, three copy books commercial calcula¬ 
 tions, three copy books surveying, two large maps. Second. Five 
 copy books language lessons, eight copy books book-keeping, one 
 
branches of mathematics, in language lessons, and in other class work, 
 yet the language in which they were written constituted the only differ¬ 
 ence between these Spanish papers and those in the Christian Brothers’ 
 collective American exhibit. 
 
 In addition to the above, Spain was represented by specimens of 
 class work, drawings, maps, printing and book binding from “The Broth¬ 
 ers’ School,” Anaz, (Santander); “The Brothers’ School,” Cadix; The 
 Brothers’ School,” Lorca (Murcie); College of Our Lady de Las 
 Maravillas, School of Santa Susana; School of St. Sebastian and the 
 Orphanage of the Sacred Heart, Madrid; “The Brothers’ Boarding 
 School” and Santa Espina Institute, Valladolid. 
 
 There was not even the difference in language to be found in the 
 four books on cyclones that were sent from Curepipe, in the isle of 
 Mauritius. 
 
 From Tooting College, London, came a display consisting of objects 
 well known to us and papers on subjects more familiar; it comprised 
 one volume differential and integral calculus, giving solution ot every 
 problem in Todhunter’s Calculus, one volume problems in conic sec¬ 
 tions, one volume mechanics, optics and hydrostatics, one volume notes 
 on chemistry, fourteen copy books notes on fifty lectures on electricity, 
 three copy books optics (illustrations), four copy books hydrostatics, 
 four copy books heat, seven copies notes on chemistry (printed), 
 six copies of the Josephian, an annual of the Old Boys’ Society 
 (printed), matriculation examination of the London University in 
 mechanics, algebra, arithmetic, and geometry, intermediate B. A. 
 examination (London University) in mathematics, also six photographs 
 of grounds, buildings, etc. 
 
 Here we had specimens of work in the highest department of mathe¬ 
 matics, differential and integral calculus; the problems in conic sections 
 also constitute a very difficult task, but it was well performed and the 
 result, as presented in figures, was decidedly impressive. The notes on 
 electricity were exceedingly comprehensive; all our modern uses of the 
 mysterious force received due attention, and promises were made of 
 greater things to be done in the future. Optics (illustrated) was made 
 the subject of a most important set of papers, in which the science 
 was admirably developed, and its principles accurately applied to hu¬ 
 man comfort and necessity. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Industrial School, Manchester, England, sent an excel¬ 
 lent exhibit comprising six specimens of wood carving, with original 
 sketches, two specimens (small) cabinet making, eighteen photographs 
 of boys and buildings. With this we close the notice of the foreign dis¬ 
 plays which reflected so much honor on the Christian Brothers, on 
 France, Spain, England and the Church. 
 
 There were several special or individual exhibits of importance that 
 accompanied the exhibits from the schools of the Christian Brothers 
 in Europe. 
 
 Among these was “ An Album of Caligraphy; a Complete S 3 7 stem of 
 Methods Used by the Brothers of the Christian Schools in Teaching 
 WritingJ This admirable exemplification of an exceedingly excellent 
 system was presented by Brother Leobert, Bordeaux, France. 
 
 The system has, since the World’s Fair, been introduced into the 
 American Schools of the Christian Brothers, and the copy books based 
 on its requirements are in the market, within reach of any teachers 
 who have the good sense to use them. 
 
 Brother Alexis of Carlsbourg, Belgium, exhibited a set of school maps, 
 a set of copy books showing methods for teaching map drawing, a relief 
 map of the Province of Belgium, a relief map for instructing children in 
 elements of geography, a submersible relief map, a set of wall maps, also 
 atlases, text books, globes, hypsometrical casts and relief maps for teach¬ 
 ing geography. Brother Arille, Rheims, France, exhibited three vol¬ 
 umes : Original methods for teaching drawing and design, perspective, 
 decorative, geometric, mechanical and architectural. 
 
 These were very interesting and truly valuable exhibits. The work 
 of experienced teachers of superior intelligence and ability could not be 
 otherwise. 
 
 The reader will see, in our illustration of alcove 113, the sets of 
 plaster casts and the models in wood and zinc prepared for the pupils 
 of the Christians Brothers at their school in Paris, France. These are 
 intended as aids in drawing. 
 
 In this same display were charts for illustrating descriptive geometry, 
 for teaching crayon work, and for giving instruction in linear drawing. 
 
 In addition to these useful, yet beautiful objects, and the very skill¬ 
 ful and suggestive charts, there was a set of admirable text books that 
 had been compiled and arranged by the Christian Brothers. 
 
 (pe Canadian Exhibit of Educational W/orks. 
 
 W HEN all the world, barbarian, semi-barbarian and civilized, 
 was responding with hearty good-will to the invitation of the 
 government of the United States to join in the celebration of the four 
 hundredth anniversary of the discovery of our great country, Canada 
 was not behind in showing her interest in the matter, and her appreci¬ 
 ation of the fact that her claim to share in the great event was a broad 
 and deep one, based upon the very continent itself. 
 
 Feeling that there can be no better evidence of a nation’s greatness 
 and prosperity than its educational progress, Canada resolved to present 
 an exhibit of the work of her schools. The Catholic portion of that 
 display we propose to review in this publication, for the gratification of 
 our readers and as a tribute to Canada’s admirable system of education. 
 
 As soon as it was known that the government of the Provinces of 
 Ontario and Quebec had accepted the invitation of the sister country, 
 measures were taken to ensure the success of the educational part of 
 the exhibit. 
 
 Cardinal Taschereau’s approval was sought and obtained, thus 
 patriotism and religious zeal united to inspire earnest efforts towards 
 the worthy attainment of the proposed aim. 
 
 In the Diocese of Montreal, meetings of teachers were convoked by 
 the zealous and scholarly Archbishop. At these assemblies a \Vide 
 difference of opinion existed, as to the advisability of undertaking the 
 arduous task of preparing, in so short a time, the proper displays. 
 However, the exhibit was decided upon, and the various teaching 
 bodies were left free to take part or not, as their superiors deemed best. 
 All grew enthusiastic and went to work with so good a will that, in 
 eight short months, Canada had an exhibit of school work ready that 
 was inferior to none and excelled many. The whole arrangement of 
 the Catholic department of the Quebec exhibit, with all the attendant 
 
 labors, were placed under the supervision of the Rev. Canon Bruchesi, 
 who was highly commended for his admirable success. 
 
 We read, in the official report of the Quebec exhibit, that eighty- 
 two boxes, containing the various displays from three hundred schools, 
 were shipped from Montreal to Chicago; an exhibit far too extensive 
 for the space that had been allotted it; but, after some urgent talk on 
 the part of those in charge of it, 1,700 ft. of space were assigned to it. 
 Even then, it was greatly crowded. The Christian Brothers gave much 
 efficient assistance to Canon Bruchesi in arranging the various articles 
 to the best advantage; the limited space made this an affair of no little 
 tact and skill. The decorations were purposely plain, the contributions 
 being sufficiently ornamental to render the space extremely attractive 
 to visitors of taste and culture. It was said, by competent judges, that 
 Canada received more glory from her educational exhibit than from 
 all her other displays united. 
 
 The various contributions were so arranged as to show to the best 
 advantage the whole system of education, from primary department to 
 high school grades, also the classes of colleges and academies. The 
 methods according to which these grades, classes and departments had 
 been taught and trained were made manifest by the various volumes of 
 examination papers and class exercises, charts and maps presented for 
 inspection. That the Canada Catholic schools answered the require¬ 
 ments of our modern notions of a practical education was admitted by 
 all who examined the work they had contributed to the exhibit. 
 
 As regards the Province of Quebec, the religious orders that partici¬ 
 pated in securing this verdict were the Brothers of the Christian 
 Schools, of Mary, of the Sacred Heart, of the Holy Cross, of St. Viateur, 
 and of the Christian Doctrine; the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, of the 
 Holy Cross, of the Holy Names, of the Presentation, of the Precious 
 
Blood, of St. Ann, of Notra Dame, of Charity, the Umiline Nuns and 
 the Gray Nuns. 
 
 The Brothers of the Christian schools were represented by an ex¬ 
 tensive display of work from thirty-five schools in the Province under 
 consideration. These institutions are graded as followsElementary 
 (primary) course, intermediate course (grammar grades), and the 
 superior course, corresponding with the high school grades in the 
 United States. In addition to these, there is the special course designed 
 for the instruction of the pupils ot more advanced age and attainments. 
 
 Before forwarding their exhibits to Chicago, the Christian Brothers 
 displayed them in the parlors of their celebrated institution, Mt. St. 
 Louis College, Montreal. We cannot do better than to reproduce for our 
 readers the accounts of this exhibit as given by the Canadian press: 
 
 “Here we are confronted with a mass of work performed by the 
 pupils of different schools, selected from some thirty-two houses, chosen 
 
 this continent or in Europe. As we proceeded along the table we found 
 maps drawn for different purposes; samples of designs in building; ex¬ 
 amples of perspective, of shading and coloring; architectural models; 
 drawings of steam engines, and other inventions, used for the purpose of 
 illustrating principles in the natural sciences. Side by side with these 
 were the copy books containing the exercises in mathematics: algebra, 
 geometry, trigonometry, conic sections, geometry applied to astronomy 
 and all the higher branches. These were the papers of the monthly or 
 quarterly examinations of the pupils; they afforded a very exact idea of 
 what these young boys were able to do and what the Brothers are able 
 to teach. They were all copied by the students and were illustrated with 
 pen and ink examples of the different theorems or problems, as well as 
 by sketches of scenery and of buildings according to the requirements of 
 the subject. 
 
 “ These were followed by a most interesting branch; one which is of 
 
 VIEW OF ALCOVE SHOWING CANADIAN CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 
 
 from the exercises of the most advanced of some ten thousand students, 
 and arranged in admirable order, yet so immense in bulk and so 
 minute in detail that a person is at a loss to know how to condense a 
 fair account of the whole exhibit. Leaving for the last, the work of 
 Mount St. Louis College, which is by far the most attractive, we will 
 just enter the large hall to the right and commence at hap-hazard with 
 the material upon the extensive tables before us. 
 
 “ Taking up the first neatly bound copy book we find it is filled with 
 simple strokes and ‘pot-hooks and hangers,’ by the child just learning 
 to hold his pen. From this we proceed to first attempts at making 
 figures, and so on, step by step through the primary classes, the ele¬ 
 mentary, the intermediate, the higher, and, finally, the academic courses. 
 Each subject taught in each particular class was illustrated. The course 
 being purely commercial, it stands to reason that mathematics, book¬ 
 keeping, penmanship, drawing and architecture play the principal 
 parts in the curriculum. The penmanship from all the schools was of 
 the highest order; in fact, we doubt if it could be surpassed either on 
 
 the utmost importance, that is, commercial correspondence. Practical 
 book-keeping was accompanied by exercises in shorthand in English and 
 French. The samples herein displayed were of very great importance.” 
 
 Said the Chicago Evening Post :—“One of the most interesting and 
 complete educational exhibits to be seen at Jackson Park is that of the 
 Province of Quebec, which is in charge of Brother Andrew, of the 
 Christian Brothers. Two sections in the gallery of the Manufactures 
 Building are devoted to showing the work of the parochial schools in 
 this part of Canada, and one division represents the different stages of 
 scholastic training in the Protestant institutions of the Province. 
 Naturally the best schools are those controlled by the Church, the 
 population being largely Catholic, and for this reason the course of 
 study and the high degree of excellence acquired by students is far 
 beyond the expectations of those not familiar with educational work in 
 Canada. Accordingly the exhibit is full of interest and instruction to 
 the average visitor who wanders into Brother Andrew’s department. 
 
 “The display begins with the lowest grade, with speciipens of work 
 
 233 
 
done by the pupils, from the time they enter school until they are 
 turned out thorough scholars, fitted to take their position in society. 
 The course of study is divided into four grades, beginning with the 
 elementary and ending with the superior class. After that come the 
 higher studies, special courses, normal schools, colleges, etc. The course 
 includes all branches, known to the educational world, but if the pupils 
 excel in any one thing, judging from the exhibit, it is in penmanship 
 and drawing. The course of instruction makes a special point of these 
 two necessary acquirements of the student, and the result is most grati¬ 
 fying to the instructors. Particular attention is also given to commer¬ 
 cial law, business forms and the like, that fit the young for practical 
 life. 
 
 “There is no system of education that, in our electric age, deserves 
 more attention than that which prepares the young man to enter the 
 great arena of commerce and there to wrestle with the world for a living. 
 In no institutions in the world is a better commercial course given than 
 in those of the Christian Brothers, and of these we can proudly say that 
 the branches of the order in Canada are keeping pace with the advance 
 of the age and the requirements of the times. The examples of 
 book-keeping and all its accompanying acquirements would do credit 
 to the o-raduates of the first commercial establishments of the continent. 
 Turning from this branch we find some very excellent samples of pro¬ 
 gressive drawing. The Brothers have methods of their own whereby 
 they teach these subjects. We find the steady progress illustrated, from 
 the tracing of a line, free-handed or with instrument, up to the ac¬ 
 complishment of ornamental drawing. Here and there, scattered 
 through these exhibits, are samples of oil painting and the beautiful 
 designs of altars and other ecclesiastical architecture from the pencils of 
 the students. There are some designs for engrossing and illuminating 
 that certainly are worthy of careful examination. Above all these we 
 find hanging upon the walls drawings illustrative of designs in stone¬ 
 cutting, in papering, tapestry and such like branches. This brings us, 
 after a very superficial and'hurried examination, to the end of the first 
 room. Thence we cross to the still more elaborate and attractive hall 
 full of work. In this we find the productions of the members of the 
 De La Salle Penman’s Club, of Quebec, an organization composed en¬ 
 tirely of pupils from the Christian Brothers, and whose work is unsur¬ 
 passed on either this side or the other of the Atlantic. In fact we 
 doubt if the chefs-ffcewvre produced by Mr. Drouin or Mr. Arcafid care 
 possibly be excelled. The work from this club is so elaborate, so at¬ 
 tractive and so extensive that we dare not attempt a mere enumeration 
 of it, much less a criticism of its merits. Suffice to say that we are 
 ready to stake the reputation of Canada for model penmanship upon 
 the samples to be found along the walls of that parlor. 
 
 “This room, however, was particularly reserved for the works of the 
 pupils in the higher grades at the Mount St. Louis Institute. As we 
 entered, we met Rev. Brother Stephen, the able director of that mag¬ 
 nificent college, and while congratulating him upon the fine collection 
 from all the houses of the province, we were almost tempted to tell him 
 that Mount St. Louis towered sublimely above all the rest. But fear¬ 
 ing to touch a too sensitive point and perhaps to be suspected of flattery, 
 we refrained and simply thanked him for his kindness and reserved our 
 remarks for a moment when the pen could trace them and the feeling of 
 embarrassment would be avoided.” So much for the comments of the 
 press. 
 
 On the wall we beheld a sample of work executed by one of the 
 Brothers. It was the“ Roll of Honor” of the Institute, a model of the 
 kind in arrangement, inscription of names and chaste ornamentation. It 
 was a most beautiful specimen of pen-work. On the four corners were 
 representations of art, science, commerce and industry effected with 
 drawings of their various symbols, such as the implements of the 
 artist; the instruments of the scientist; the ships and engines used in 
 commerce; for industry, all the new inventions that have revolu¬ 
 tionized agriculture. At the top of this unique “Roll of Honor” was 
 a picture of Montreal, as seen from the St. Lawrence River, and at the 
 bottom, was a perfect representation of the Mount St. Louis Institute 
 
 To keep within the space allowed us, we are forced to omit mention 
 of a multitude of very impressive exhibits, for there is one of great im¬ 
 portance in our eyes which we must not fail to notice. This is the 
 business department which has been brought to such a degree of per¬ 
 fection that we doubt if it can be surpassed anywhere outside the great 
 banking institutions of the commercial world. 
 
 This department is based upon a regular system of trade, carried on 
 with the regularity of the most important commercial institutions. 
 
 A certain amount of capital is assigned each student at the beginning 
 of the year; this he is supposed to invest in a retail mercantile business. 
 At the same time a bank is established, also two or more wholesale 
 Canadian houses and a few European firms of large stock. With what¬ 
 ever capital the student begins the year he is obliged to fight it out. 
 Numberless chances of investment are caused to arise, and various com¬ 
 mercial disasters illustrated, as tests of the student’s business insight in 
 taking advantage of the one and in escaping the effects of the other. It 
 is a complete commercial world, as near perfection as anything can be 
 that is an imitation. 
 
 The students make their own checks, drafts and other business paper. 
 Their bills of exchange, their Custom House receipts, their bills of lad¬ 
 ing, and all other documents that would be required in the various 
 transactions of the commercial world are made by the student and their 
 use learned by actual practice. 
 
 If ever a commercial training were complete, decidedly it must be 
 that of the pupil who has gone through such a course as is given at 
 Mount St. Louis College. For such a remarkable exhibit, we owe 
 much gratitude to the Brothers of the Christian Schools. 
 
 In connection with the practice of architectural drawing, the study of 
 projections has been thoroughly made and well applied.. The subject 
 was illustrated by iron rods bound together by metallic wire, one set for 
 arithmetic and another for geometry and for space. 
 
 From another source, we gather the following comments on the exhib¬ 
 its of the Christian Brothers. “The most notable feature of the Canadian 
 educational exhibit is the magnificent pen-work of the pupils of the 
 Christian Brothers. In their commercial academy of Quebec and their 
 boarding school of Mount St. Louis, Montreal, writing is raised to the 
 dignity of a fine art. In no other educational exhibit at the World’s 
 Fair was it even equaled.” 
 
 Ten or twelve years ago a number of their old pupils formed them¬ 
 selves into a penmen’s club. These gentlemen have displays in Quebec’s 
 Educational Department. The training that developed these artists, 
 and many others whose works were displayed in this exhibit, is what the 
 Christian Brothers give their pupils in Canada. The same care was notice¬ 
 able in all their class work. French, English, mathematics, drawing 
 from simple linear to freehand, from projection to tinted mechanical and 
 architectural work, in fact in every branch they teach. Verily, their dis¬ 
 play was the crowning glory of the schools and colleges for boys in the 
 Catholic Province of Quebec. 
 
 Both the drawing and the penmanship of the pupils of the Commer¬ 
 cial Academy received frequent notice in the papers and the commenda¬ 
 tion of experienced educators. A distinguished visitor who had seen sim¬ 
 ilar exhibits at Paris and at London gave the palm of merit to the Can¬ 
 adian display. There were multitudes of blanks filled with thorough, 
 correct and exquisitely written class exercises and monthly examination 
 papers. Each paper and exercise was beautifully and appropriately il¬ 
 lustrated with pen-drawings of superior merit. 
 
 Thirty-five institutions were represented by one hundred and fifty 
 albums of admirable pen and pencil work, charts, maps and pictures, 
 also by three thousand exercise books filled with the sound information 
 the students were able to give regarding the almost countless subjects 
 that form part of a modern curriculum, such, in the brief, was the re¬ 
 cord of the Canadian Christian Brothers at the World’s Fair. In de¬ 
 tail, it would fill volumes of description. All the departments of draw¬ 
 ing: linear, architectural, mechanical, perspective and map drawing, 
 were richly, profusely and artistically illustrated. Stenography, type¬ 
 writing, book-keeping, telegraphy and all sorts of business forms be¬ 
 spoke the practical nature of the training received by the students of 
 these most successful teachers. Nor were the nlore delicate and dainty 
 features of educational work absent. Literature and the muses had 
 been cultivated to a delightful degree of perfection. The religious and 
 patriotic subjects of the compositions showed the ordinary drift of the 
 students’ thoughts, and added much to the general impressiveness of 
 the productions. 
 
 From the Academy of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, Quebec ; 
 from the Institute and College of Joliette, in charge of the Clerics of St. 
 Viateur ; from the various institutions in care of the Brothers of Mary, 
 and the Brothers of the Sacred Heart, there were extensive, comprehen¬ 
 sive and most worthy exhibits, showing work from each department, 
 
 234 
 
from primary to collegiate, and representing each study included in the 
 curriculum of each school. 
 
 We would be glad to give a list of the exhibits contributed by each 
 of these great orders, but such lists are not available ; even the catalogue 
 does not give the items but generalizes instead. The remarkable feat¬ 
 ures, of the exhibits from the male institutions were the excellent pen¬ 
 manship, the very superior work in mathematics, the practical nature of 
 the business training, and the culture that is lent to the plainest pursuit 
 by an artistic and literary course. Grammatical and logical analysis, 
 written out by the students, showed the basis on which their excellent 
 compositions were constructed ; while drawings, of such various styles 
 and rare merit, also the work of the brush and the colors, either oil or 
 water, accounted for a part of the refinement of thought and expression 
 that permeated all the original work of the mind and the pen, as pre¬ 
 sented by the pupils of the religious orders mentioned above. 
 
 Our personal examination of the Canada exhibits lead to the discov¬ 
 ery of many most admirable features in the work from the boys’ schools. 
 The irreproachable penmanship, the clearly demonstrated and artisti¬ 
 cally illustrated work in the various branches of mathematics, the correct 
 drawing and tasteful illumination of colored maps, the practical plans 
 for the construction of buildings, from cottages to court houses, the intel¬ 
 ligent treatment of literary and historical subjects and the philosophical 
 inquiry into all disputed questions of importance, the excellent presenta¬ 
 tion of all sorts of business forms and the reverent exposition of religious 
 difficulties that arise in history and in science,—these things impressed 
 us with a high and firmly founded esteem for the system of education 
 under which these students had been trained. 
 
 A part of the educational work which was displayed partook of a 
 semi-post-graduate character. An association exists which is called the 
 De La Salle Circle. Its members are persons who have been pupils in 
 the schools and who continue their work voluntarily in their several 
 communities after their regular school course is ended. They study 
 in the evenings, and are engaged in various kinds of business dur¬ 
 ing the day. The ornamental pen-work which adorned the Avails of 
 the Quebec section Avas largely the work of these former pupils. 
 
 THE SISTERS OF ST. ANN, CONVENT OF LACHINE. 
 
 Standing in the front entrance of the Convent of Lachine, situated 
 in a small village an hour’s ride from Montreal, one looks upon the 
 magnificent scenery of the St. Lawrence River and the far-famed Rapids 
 of Lachine. The grand structure with its cupolas and spires, gray 
 battlements and thick Avails, is the Mother House of the Sisters of St. 
 Ann and their principal boarding school. 
 
 It Avas the ever to be remembered, and forever dearly beloved Mgr. 
 Bourget Avho founded the Order of the Sisters of Saint Ann. In his wis¬ 
 dom, he beheld and understood the requirements of his rapidly in¬ 
 creasing diocese, and he knew that there Avas room and Avork for an 
 Order such as the one he contemplated. His desires Avere soon fulfilled, 
 for in the person of Miss Durocher, of Vaudreuil, the energetic and de¬ 
 voted foundress of such a community Avas discovered, and she co¬ 
 operating, Avith all her heart, in the work of the venerable prelate, and 
 placing her confidence in the all-ruling Providence that guides the 
 destinies of our young country, placed her life at the feet of the pro¬ 
 tectress of our province—the good Saint Ann—and assuming an hum¬ 
 ble, a rigidly simple garb, went forth upon her mission of beneficence. 
 Only a year ago did that noble lady leave the scene of this world’s 
 struggle, and in her eighty-third year, under the icy clutch of la grippe 
 she departed, leaving behind her a community fully established, Avith 
 twenty branches in this province, twenty-four in the United States, ten 
 in British Columbia, and three in far-off, frozen Alaska. Yes, up there, 
 in the region of the northern sea ; off beneath the prismatic fringes of 
 the Aurora Borealis, in the foot-steps of the pioneer Jesuits, the Sisters 
 of Saint Ann have gone to set up their abode. In tlie land of the 
 seal and the Avalrus, Avhere ice-bergs chill the air and the fur-clad sav¬ 
 age ekes out his dreary life, these nuns have carried the torch of edu¬ 
 cation, lit at the flaming furnace of Catholic faith, and with its bicker¬ 
 ings they illumine the darkness that the clouds of ignorance have flung 
 upon that distant region. 
 
 But Ave wander from our subject. It is the Convent at Lachine 
 that is the object of our article, and the exhibit prepared for the 
 World’s Fair that has caused us to take up our pen. As Avith other 
 homes of Catholic education, it is somewhat difficult to knoAV how or 
 
 where to commence. Yet the Sisters of St. Ann have certainly a sys¬ 
 tem the most easily understood that Ave have yet met with, and so 
 exact and complete Avas their collection that it reduced a report almost 
 to a mere enumeration. 
 
 With the exception of samples in caligraphy and map drawing from 
 other branches of the Order, all the exhibits Avere the production of some 
 of the tAvo hundred and seventeen pupils in the institutions at Lachine. 
 On each copy presented were to be found the different percentages 
 gained by the pupil Avho did the work. On opening the copy books, 
 we found in each the program of the class. Thus the course could 
 be followed from the preparatory, through the six years of stud}', end¬ 
 ing with tAvo years of superior or graduating classes—making in all 
 eight years of study apart from the preparatory. The preparatory class 
 presented three copy books on each subject in the curriculum; from 
 all the other classes there Avere six copy books on each subject. 
 
 All the exhibits were duplicated in French and in English. For 
 the sake of brevity Ave will folloAV the English course alone, it corres¬ 
 ponded exactly Avith the French course. The corrections Avere made in 
 red ink upon the margin. One young lady, Avhose copy book Avas some¬ 
 what illuminated Avith red ink corrections, remarked to her teacher 
 that she Avas proud of her faults, because her pages looked more at- 
 tractive and would otherwise neA'er have been noticed. A philosophical 
 AA r ay of looking at the subject; yet Ave must remember that the great Sir 
 Walter Scott, who has immortalized his oavia land and added wonder¬ 
 fully to the glory of English literature, never presented a composition 
 to his teacher that did not appear later, cut up Avith hieroglyphics of 
 corrections. In the back of the copies of the elementary classes were 
 several illustrations of Avhat the pupils could do in the way of linear 
 drawing. 
 
 In glancing over the AA’hole exhibit, Ave found that it represented 
 three courses: 1st, the elementary, for children of six to ten years; 2d, 
 the intermediate, for girls of ten to fifteen yearn ; 3d, the superior, for 
 young ladies of fifteen to eighteen or upwards. We need not folloAV the 
 details of the system; suffice it to say that it is peculiar to the Sisters 
 of St. Ann, and that it is as complete as can be desired. One immense 
 book contained samples of sewing and of fancy needle-work. They 
 AA'ere about six or eight inches in size and consequently occupied very 
 little space, Avhile giving a perfect idea of Avhat the pupils could do. On 
 opening this book, Ave met with plain stitches by the little ones; then 
 these plain stitches applied in the making of miniature samples ol 
 underAvear; then more difficult stitches and the application of them. 
 By degrees we reached the knitting; the simplest and most elementary 
 followed by a gradation of more difficult attempts. After these came 
 the darning, patching, mending; all of which Avere near perfection. 
 The older pupils presented specimens of crocheting, cutting patterns, 
 embroidery and lace work. A piece of skillful needle-Avork Avas the 
 darning of a tear in broadcloth, with the aid of a hair, instead 
 of thread. An unique and much admired piece Avas a bedspread 
 executed in the finest of knitting, and surrounded by Roman em¬ 
 broidery. There were fantastic samples of crazy-work, some very 
 good pieces of tatting and specimens of difficult raised embroidery. 
 
 The pupils of the superior course presented a very scientific array of 
 botanical specimens, the flora of Canada, arranged and classified after 
 the most approved methods and with a carefully cultivated taste. 
 HoAveA-er, these young ladies Avere not de\’oted to the lighter studies 
 only; they also displayed excellent AA’ork in book-keeping, both in 
 French and English. The common branches Avere as carefully presented 
 as the most shoAvy sciences, for these pupils had received not only a cul¬ 
 tured but a thoroughly practical education. 
 
 In a collection of large books, similar to those containing the fancy 
 Avork, Avere the specimens of draAving; the gradation was admirable, 
 leading from the single line to the highest point in linear drawing ; this 
 was followed by perspective and shading to Avhich succeeded the appli¬ 
 cation of principles to the drawing of many objects from nature, leaves, 
 flowers, birds and fishes, also sketches of beasts and of parts of the hu¬ 
 man body, hands and feet, ears and eyes, ant} at last, the face with its 
 complex expressions. 
 
 The paintings, in water colors or oil, folk-wed the same gradation. 
 Two large landscapes in oil attracted much attention. 
 
 An unusual contribution Avas presented by the chaplain of the insti¬ 
 tution ; this was a collection of copy books in Avhich the pupils had Avrit- 
 ten reproductions of the catechetical instructions given them, daily and 
 
 233 
 
weekly, by the Rev. Father in charge of their souls. These condensed 
 reviews formed a collection that made a very attractive feature of the 
 display. 
 
 “Columns would be required, ” says one who examined this exhibit, 
 “to do even simple justice to the work the pupils of the Lachine Con¬ 
 vent have furnished.” 
 
 Our own observation of the work from St. Ann’s made us acquainted 
 with the following facts ; that each subject was treated of in both En¬ 
 glish and French, that there were twelve blanks for each class, six of 
 each language and for six years of the course; twenty-four blanks for 
 two years of the superior course, that is, the eight years from the pri¬ 
 mary. Each blank of two hundred pages contained a complete set of 
 papers presenting the studies of that part of the course in proper suc¬ 
 cession. Writing is continued through the whole ten years of the com¬ 
 plete course, this accounts for the exceedingly beautiful penmanship that 
 
 dred to two hundred plants, supplied by several institutions of the 
 Order. The descriptions and classifications were carefully recorded and 
 were scientifically accurate. 
 
 The albums of needle-work revealed specimens of every kind, from 
 simple worsted work to the finest lace patterns and edgings on silk and 
 satin. Prettier than the fancy work even, was the exquisitely fine 
 darning of three tears; it was more useful too, no doubt, though, as a 
 beautifier of home, fancy work has its value. 
 
 We are informed that the pupils of St. Ann’s are carefully trained 
 in the culinary art, spending an hour of each day in the kitchen. 
 
 As we turn now from this to another exhibit, we are reminded of 
 the manner in which St. Ann’s pupils closed their blanks :—“ Good 
 bye, little book, I hope that you may fall into the hands of indulgent 
 judges. ” Similar sentiments were found at the close of each pupil’s 
 set of written papers. 
 
 VIEW OF ALCOVE SHOWING CANADIAN CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 
 
 appeared in all the blanks, but more particularly in those of the grad¬ 
 uates. 
 
 ‘ The Child’s Journal of Accounts” was a title on certain blanks 
 that told a story of early instruction in the science of accounts given by 
 these eminently practical teachers. Later in the course, we found 
 books titled “A Resume of Accounts, ” a sensible review made just be¬ 
 fore the pupils go forth to the world where it will be necessary perhaps 
 for them to take care of themselves, and to administer whatever small 
 means they may command. 
 
 Besides the regular studies of the course, there were thirty-two 
 blanks filled with specimens of linear, perspective and architectural 
 drawings. In addition to these, there were between twenty-five and 
 thirty crayon pictures, as many more in 'stump drawing and embossed 
 work. The copies of round casts were not lacking in merit, while the 
 twenty pictures in water colors were full of promise; three or more oil 
 paintings, two of still-life, were commended for good coloring. The 
 prettiest contributions were three herbariums containing from one hun- 
 
 SISTERS OF NOTRE DAME DE MONTREAL, VILLA MARIA. 
 
 In 1653 the venerable Marguerite Bourgeoys came to Canada under 
 the protection of Governor de Maisonneuve, the founder of Montreal. 
 During four years she went about instructing the Indian children and 
 the little ones of the few white families. In 1657 Governor Maison¬ 
 neuve gave her a shed, or forsaken stable, adjoining his house, and in 
 that lonely abode, so like the home in Bethlehem, the venerable and 
 energetic woman commenced the work of instruction, giving birth as it 
 were, to the light of Christian truth in the soul of many a dusky child 
 of the forest. Among the superb specimens of art that distinguished the 
 display of this community, was a chart made by one of the Sisters and 
 showing this historic “shed,” the mustard seed of a great Order’s origin. 
 In winter the devoted foundress taught in the “shed,” in summer she 
 and her primitive school gathered under the trees and made of “God’s 
 first temple” a vast and beautiful schoolroom. 
 
 In 1658 she founded the Order, which she called the Congregation of 
 
 236 
 
Our Lady, by associating with her, in the glorious work, a handful of the 
 devoted daughters of the pioneer settlers. In those days Alexander VII 
 was on the throne of St. Peter; Mgr. Laval de Montmorenci was first 
 Bishop of the colony, and the renowned Father Olier assumed the pro¬ 
 tection of the newly-founded Order. 
 
 Since then, time has marched two centuries and a third, and civiliza¬ 
 tion and Christianity have kept pace with it. We cannot enter into a 
 detailed history of the Order, for such would include the story of two 
 hundred and fifty years’ progress in Canada. Let us leap the expanse 
 of many years, and stand for a moment at the door of Monklands, the 
 residence of our Canadian governors of half a century ago. Upon the 
 slopes that undulate and swell into the beautiful western lake side of 
 Mount Royal, stand two magnificent structures, the Villa Maria Con¬ 
 vent and the Mother House of the Congregation of Notre Dame. What 
 a wondrous change! Yonder, as we look down upon the glorious land¬ 
 scape, are scenes once haunted, in the days of primeval wildness, by 
 the Indian children, and frequented by Marguerite Bourgeoys and her 
 companions; here beside us is a glorious institution with its bright 
 spires and gray walls, the outcome of much labor and sacrifice. 
 
 Villa Maria is the Mother House of over one hundred institutions of 
 female education, all under the direction of the Sisters of the Congrega¬ 
 tion of Notre Dame, and scattered over Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, 
 New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and the States of Maine, Ver¬ 
 mont, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York and Illinois. In these are 
 to be found about 24,336 pupils. From thirteen of these houses, in 
 Canada, came the splendid exhibit which was sent to Chicago. 
 
 The work consisted of samples of what the pupils in different Cana¬ 
 dian convents, under the direction of the Congregation of Notre Dame, 
 had performed in the ordinary course of their classes. It was wonder¬ 
 ful how compactly so much had been arranged, and apparently the task 
 of choosing samples had been no easy one, for certainly there was an 
 embaras de richesscs. 
 
 In the first place there were samples of the daily work prepared in a 
 number of small copy books conveniently united and fastened to the 
 desk with slight steel chains. 
 
 The whole curriculum, in these as in the larger volumes, was repre¬ 
 sented. From the child of seven years, writing a letter, to the graduate 
 penning an essay on some scientific subject, each class, grade and 
 establishment was represented. We might remark that the Sisters 
 follow, in their system, no cast-iron rules ; they accommodate the stud¬ 
 ies to the requirements of the locality, the province or country in which 
 each particular house is situated, and they follow, as much as possible, 
 the trend of modern ideas, and the necessity of the age. 
 
 Of the large volumes there were thirteen in all. They contained the 
 classified work of the pupils, as above mentioned. In the preface to 
 each volume, we found different marks, in red ink, made by the teachers. 
 These correspond with the similar marks throughout the book. One 
 denotes faulty construction, another bad spelling, a third omissions, and 
 so on. Thus the compositions remained to be examined exactly as they 
 had been written, giving an idea of the pupil’s progress and knowledge, 
 as well as of the teacher’s capacity in correcting. These composi¬ 
 tions represented all the subjects taught by the community; a few of 
 which are general mathematics, geometry, algebra, trigonometry, astron¬ 
 omy, chemistry, physics, hygiene, philosophy, zoology, botany, miner¬ 
 alogy, geology, stenography, typewriting, Latin, German, French and 
 English literature, rhetoric, moral philosophy, domestic economy and 
 many other branches, more or less the off-shoots of the above. There 
 were also samples of freehand drawing, pen and ink sketches of birds, 
 fishes, etc., illustrating essays on these subjects. 
 
 Turning from these admirable specimens of intellectual tasks, we 
 found before us the plain sewing and fancy work from these institu¬ 
 tions. Here were articles of wearing apparel made from pure Canadian 
 wool shorn from sheep kept by the Sisters, wool carded and spun by 
 hand, in the convent in the olden way. Of such material was the cloth¬ 
 ing of the community in former days; for this occasion it had been 
 manufactured into many ornamental and delicately beautiful objects. 
 The samples of crocheting and knitting were varied and beautiful. There 
 was an exquisite piece of hair work, one that certainly surpassed anything 
 we had seen for many a day. Hair work is somewhat antiquated in our 
 time, but as poor Keats says: “A thing of beauty is a joy forever.” More 
 especially were we attracted by the plain sewing. There was one set— 
 a complete suit, for a girl of twelve years,—every stitch of which had 
 
 been done by hand. The tucks in the robe were so fine that the stitches 
 were almost microscopic. 
 
 A set of vestments of great beauty, as to both painting and embroid¬ 
 ery, were the contribution of a very aged Sister of the community. These 
 were so exquisitely ornamented as to challenge the admiration of the se¬ 
 verest critic. Another venerable religious, in her eighty-fourth year, was 
 at the time the “Fair work” went on, making a carpet of rags which 
 presented, in delicate coloring and deftly woven patterns, a mass of 
 flowers, bouquets of roses and fruit clusters that vied with a mosaic. 
 
 The space being so extremely limited, the Sisters of Notre Dame 
 conceived the plan of making a complete art exhibit, carefully graded, 
 by presenting the various specimens in a huge album, a volume of 
 noble proportions and most lovely contents. The several houses de¬ 
 pendent upon Villa Maria were all represented on the pages of this 
 “gallery.” Each sample was accompanied by the rule illustrated. The 
 theory was expressed by the teachers; the application of theory or 
 principle, was the pupil’s. The collection began with freehand draw¬ 
 ing, then drawing with instruments, followed by perspective shading, up 
 to crayon, water colors and oil. The last three commence with copying 
 engravings, reliefs, still life and animate life in nature. 
 
 Flowers, fruits, foliage, landscape, animal life, human features, from 
 nature and from imagination, thus does the series run. In this way 
 did the great volume teach, in a very thorough and condensed manner, 
 the methods these illustrious instructors practice in this department 
 of education. 
 
 The Sisters of Notre Dame have 25,000 children attending their 
 schools ; from the work of that number were chosen tfie 2,000 samples 
 that were exhibited. These specimens illustrated well the system of in¬ 
 struction adopted by the Order and showed equally well the merit of the 
 pupils whose papers had been selected for display. Each every-day 
 copy book bore the name, age and grade of the owner, and the several 
 books belonging to a particular class had covers of the same color, three 
 distinct courses distinguished by the color of the cover of the blanks. 
 The indexes, title pages and headings in ornamental printing or writing 
 and decorated with colors were very pretty and effective. The com¬ 
 bination of the useful and the beautiful was everywhere presented, an 
 example copied from the great Creator. To secure the safety of the 
 smaller books, they were attached to each other by small chains. Cer¬ 
 tain sets of papers that excelled the others were called “ Blanks of 
 Honor”; these are preserved at the institution to be shown to future 
 generations, as samples of work sent to the “great Fair, ” which will yet 
 be counted with the myths of improbable history! 
 
 The three branches of mathematics usually studied by girls tvere 
 solved or demonstrated after the best methods. The work in Latin, 
 French and Spanish was delightful, so prettily written, so correctly 
 rendered, so polished in expression. The theory of music was well 
 presented, also some original exercises of considerable worth. The 
 religious information shown In the papers on Christian Doctrine was 
 broad, practical, and somewhat deep. As deep, in fact, as could be rev¬ 
 erently handled by young persons. 
 
 The girls of our day are expected to know so many more things 
 than their mothers. In addition to all the other branches supposed to 
 comprise a young lady’s course, are book-keeping, stenography and 
 typewriting. Among the pieces of needle-work that we particularly 
 admired were an infant’s suit of clothing, specimens of knitting and 
 embroidery, and a white satin cushion with a bouquet of roses em¬ 
 broidered on it in exquisitely shaded colors. 
 
 The large album of art specimens referred to, in the comments we 
 quoted from the press, we found to be about 29x21 inches in size and to 
 contain about one hundred pages and three hundred drawings, in black 
 and white and in colors. Methodically divided, its preparation had 
 been not only a pastime but a serious science. On the margins of its 
 pages was written a complete course, borrowed from the best authors, 
 and giving the principles of linear drawing, also the theory of colors, of 
 light and of shade. Those who contributed to this volume were ama¬ 
 teurs, not artists, hence severe criticisms would be out of place; all 
 that was to be expected from them was the development of taste and 
 the cultivation of a love of the beautiful, united with moderate skill in 
 handling the brush. 
 
 THE URSULINE NUNS OF QUEBEC. 
 
 The Ursuline Convent in Quebec is the Mother House of the Ursu- 
 
 <287 
 
lines of Canada. In their exhibit, dominating all the other pictures, 
 was the oil portrait of Mother Mary Incarnation, presiding, as it were, 
 over the work of her beloved children. 
 
 In an immense frame were twenty-two photographs of various de¬ 
 partments of the convent, an exceedingly interesting picture. A mag¬ 
 nificently decorated and skillfully constructed chart (mounted) 
 represented a, planisphere with most admirable correctness. This was 
 the work of one of the oldest members of the community. 
 
 On all sides were oil paintings in frames, paintings on glass, and on 
 silk cushions, whereon it seemed that a harvest of flowers had been flung. 
 On the tables were arranged specimens of the finest and most useful 
 needle-work, the articles ranging from sacred vestments of white silk, 
 embroidered with golden and silken threads, by the religious and the 
 older pupils, to sets of dolls’ clothes, made by the little ones of seven, 
 ten and twelve years of age. Embroidery on silk, on linen and on mus¬ 
 lin, had been presented by many of the older pupils, while knitting had 
 been the useful pastime of pupils of all ages. 
 
 The many blank books were filled with admirable class work; on 
 every page of these was discernible that moral and intellectual culture 
 that is so desirable in union with thoroughness and depth of thought. 
 The historical tablets showing the chief points of the history of the 
 Church in Canada were suggestive and well presented. The compo¬ 
 sitions were written in both English and French. A magnificent her¬ 
 barium was a mute but eloquent testimony in favor of the patient and 
 methodical labor that both teachers and pupils expend upon any ed¬ 
 ucational work of value. 
 
 The Ursulines of Stanstead, of Quebec, of Three Rivers and of Our 
 Lady of Lake St. John, were represented in this display ; the branch 
 houses in a manner more humble than the Mother House, it may be, 
 but in a way equally excellent. The industrial exhibit from the insti¬ 
 tution at Lake St. John included specimens of spinning and weaving. 
 One sample was a table cover made of cloth, which the pupils had woven 
 and for which they had spun the thread. From the spinning of the 
 thread to the making of the most delicate and dainty of laces is quite a 
 range of industrial training. 
 
 In the exhibit of theUrsuline Sisters’ institutions there was work the 
 value and importance of which it was not possible to estimate including, 
 as it did, the intellectual and the industrial, under the direction of reli¬ 
 gion. 
 
 PRESENTATION NUNS AT ST. HYAC1NTHE. 
 
 At the gracious invitation of the Sisters of the Presentation, two 
 Dishops, several clergymen and his Honor the mayor of St. Hyacinthe, 
 also a number of the citizens assembled at the convent to inspect the 
 school work that was to be sent by this community to the World’s Fair. 
 Here they beheld an impressive array of beautiful and of practical spec¬ 
 imens of educational work prepared by the pupils of this academy and 
 by those of several branch houses of the community. Truly magnificent 
 work was displayed, comprising samples from each department and from 
 each class. The usual list of studies, with an unusual degree of perfec¬ 
 tion in their acquirement, was shown. Large volumes were filled with 
 papers remarkable for irreproachable penmanship and for contents well 
 expressed, full of correct information and given with a faultless diction. 
 The geographical, drawing was especially commendable; the needle-work 
 simply marvelous ; there were specimens of darning exhibited that could 
 scarcely be distinguished from the texture of the fabric. 
 
 This exhibit was a magnificent defense of the training given at con¬ 
 vents, so often criticised as unfitting girls for household duties, or as 
 educating them above their standing in the social scale, and making 
 them intellectually superior at the expense of their manual skill. Here 
 we had a number of young ladies who had prepared an incomparably 
 excellent exhibit of intellectual work of every kind and all degrees of 
 difficulty, who yet were able to knit and darn, to sew and “cut and fit.” 
 In fact, this display must have done much to silence the critics who say 
 convent training is superficial and unpractical. 
 
 SISTERS OF THE HOLY CROSS AT ST. LAURENT. 
 
 The Sisters of the Holy Cross, having their Mother House at St. 
 Laurent, presented to the public in the parlors of this their chief insti¬ 
 tution, the exhibit that they intended to forward to the Columbia n Ex¬ 
 position. The initiative spirit awakened by the bishops and the 
 impulse given by the energetic measures of the Very Rev. Canon 
 
 Bruchesi met with a cordial response on the part of the Sisters of the 
 Holy Cross. 
 
 For a long time the demand for practical education was justified, 
 but it is no longer necessary, for our convent schools are nothing, if not 
 thoroughly practical. This was made evident in such displays as the 
 one from St. Laurent. The blank books and other works were replete 
 with proofs of the advancement our schools have made in all that per¬ 
 tains to a desirable education. At a glance, we perceived the gradual 
 progress brought about by a gradation wisely based upon nature’s own 
 plan of growth. Step by step, the improvement is made, so that com¬ 
 plete thoroughness is possible, as the pupil advances from the elementary 
 to the superior course. Again, the children are simultaneously familiarized 
 with the English and the French languages. We found it very inter¬ 
 esting to compare the English and the French compositions, from the 
 simple reproductions of the little ones to the original productions of the 
 more advanced pupils. In fact, we were favorably impressed by the 
 entire work; the literary essays, the studies on the globe, the problems 
 in practical arithmetic, as presented by the intermediate grades, being 
 a promise of efficient work in the superior course. This promise was 
 never broken, for we found volumes filled with delightful papers on sci¬ 
 ence, history and literature, while the work in the higher mathematics 
 proved the possession of mental faculties not dismayed by the pro¬ 
 founder studies, though capable of producing the most elegant literary 
 papers. 
 
 The compositions of the ladies who contributed to this exhibit were 
 commented upon by the Canadian press {Da Monde) in the highest 
 terms, so also their works of art. The essays were said to be clear and 
 elegant in diction, varied and deep in thought; the expression and sen¬ 
 timent were both in perfect harmony with the subjects under treatment. 
 The linear and perspective drawings, the pictures in pastel, water 
 colors, crayon and oil were admirable specimens of amateur work. 
 The penmanship of many styles were so beautiful, yet varied, as to 
 please all tastes and to awaken appreciation of the individuality shown 
 in the various copies. Typewriting and stenography were there in 
 their perfection and book-keeping also, placing in the young ladies’ 
 hands public and domestic powers of no little importance. The book¬ 
 keeping presented by the pupils at St. Laurent received the approba¬ 
 tion of an employe in a well-known bank. This was a well merited, 
 though unusual compliment. 
 
 The fancy work and the plain sewing that appeared in this exhibit 
 were useful, artistic and beautiful. Clothing of all kinds had been made 
 by these handy young people. Such work removes the prejudice 
 against convent education. 
 
 The crowning glory of this display was its botanical exhibit which 
 consisted of a herbarium of twenty volumes containing more than 
 eighteen hundred plants, pressed and classified. Each specimen was 
 fully described. It was a gigantic labor, one to daunt the boldest lover 
 of nature and her loveliest kingdom, but it was perfectly executed. 
 The indefatigable energy that had been exerted in the preparation of 
 this magnificent herbarium was extended to all the departments of 
 learning and discipline. What wonder then that success followed and 
 that these Sisters were congratulated by the public press, on the results 
 of their system? 
 
 SISTERS OF THE HOLY NAMES AT SILLERY. 
 
 The Sisters of Jesus and Mary have their Mother House at Sillery, 
 and there they displayed the work destined for the exhibit at Chicago. 
 There the representatives of the Canadian press examined it, making it 
 afterwards the subject of the most appreciative comments. 
 
 A series of volumes containing the papers of individual pupils and 
 giving evidence of their proficiency in the various branches of the 
 course received great praise for elegance of diction, correctness of state¬ 
 ment and clearness of thought. 
 
 The history of the Order and of the institution was given in one of 
 the blanks; the history of the methods of these teachers and of the 
 results of those methods was to be read in the various papers of the 
 pupils, whether class exercises or examinations. The verdict of the 
 press and that of Chicago judges agreed:—“The methods and 
 results are remarkable, practical, successful.” The typewriting and 
 stenography were particularly well executed ; the fancy work and 
 the plain needle-work were equal to the best in other exhibits. Among 
 the Canadian institutions, Sillery may justly claim a high rank. 
 
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SISTERS OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD, AT QUEBEC. 
 
 We found in the work displayed by the Good Shepherd Sisters 
 many features that redound to the honor of that worthy institute. In 
 the literary compositions there was that note of French gayety, intelli¬ 
 gence and spirituality that contrasts so well with the more somber 
 style of tl;§ English language, when expressing the samp ideas. “Our 
 system of education,” say the various exhibits, as clearly as it they 
 talked, “tends to develop the natural aptitude of the child, giving di¬ 
 rection to the national talents, indeed, but never seeking to constrain 
 the individuality of the pupil.” 
 
 An examination of the work of the school children of the Sisters of 
 the Good Shepherd verified, before our very eyes, the truth of their 
 program, as given in one of the blanks:—“The method we have adopted 
 is to make study easy and agreeable to the pupils, cultivating at the 
 same time the heart and the intellect. Furthermore, our method 
 rejects the undue use of the memory, at the expense of the judgment, 
 in the preparation of lessons. History is learned principally by con • 
 versation.” Grammar, arithmetic, book-keeping, mensuration, algebra, 
 history, the natural and physical sciences were all treated of in these 
 blanks, and had evidently been taught in accordance with the best 
 methods in vogue. The study of English was made of great import¬ 
 ance, for a pupil who has taken a complete course in English and in 
 book-keeping is sure to secure a good position. 
 
 Here, as in all the convent displays, were specimens of the skill ac¬ 
 quired in the use of the needle. Complete outfits for both boys and 
 girls, the work of the pupils, were exhibited. In this institution one 
 may become a practical stenographer or an accomplished artist; there 
 were displayed magnificent paintings, in oil, among them, “The Holy 
 Family ” and the “ The Samaritan, ” copied from masterpieces, also 
 some beautiful china painting. The gem of this exhibit was “The 
 Book of Merit” written by hand and containing specimens of the 
 literary and artistic work of the pupils at the Mother House and at the 
 several branch houses. This was indeed a very precious collection, not 
 only for the intrinsic value of the specimens, but as a souvenir of pupils 
 and teachers, also as a proof of the skill of both. The exhibit made 
 by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd was indeed a grand success, re¬ 
 flecting much glory upon their name as teachers. 
 
 THE DEAF-MUTES IN THE CANADIAN EXHIBIT. 
 
 In dwelling on the department of public instruction of Quebec, as 
 represented at the Columbian Exposition, we cannot refrain from notic¬ 
 ing, in a very special manner, what our “sister country” is doing for 
 deaf-mutes and for the blind. From Catholic France, from institutions 
 in care of the Christian Brothers, an Order in the Roman Catholic 
 Church, came the most remarkable exhibits of methods of teaching 
 those deprived of their full number of senses. Spain, too, was well 
 represented in this particular; not so England and Italy. 
 
 The United States had one exhibit of the kind marked by great 
 merit; the absence of work from Washington Heights, N. V, and from 
 Hartford, Conn., was regrettable in the extreme. St. Mary’s Institute, ot 
 Buffalo, made a very beautiful and very complete exhibit of numbers 
 of the tasks, labors and exercises of its pupils, choosing those that best 
 illustrated the excellent methods pursued in training these afflicted 
 students. This school is in charge of Sisters. 
 
 The Institute of St. Joseph, of New York, which has three houses or 
 schools outside of New York City, viz.: Worcester, Fordham and Brook¬ 
 lyn, had an extensive exhibit at Chicago; this establishment was 
 founded by a French lady and is in charge of a number of Catholic 
 ladies united in a charitable association. The exhibits from these insti¬ 
 tutions were presented in such a manner as to show, to full advantage, 
 the system of instruction in general and the particular methods used 
 in special cases. 
 
 Two Catholic establishments for the instruction of deaf-mutes were 
 represented in the Canada exposition. That of Mile-End, in charge of 
 the Clerics of St. Viateur, and that of Montreal, in charge of the 
 Sisters of Providence. 
 
 At Mile-End, the Clerics of St. Viateur follow both the intuitive and 
 the oral method, and show in the copy books exhibited the yearly re¬ 
 sults of both forms of instruction. A program inscribed in the class 
 books indicates hqw much time is devoted to each subject studied. 
 One thing is certain: the methods pursued in the Province of Quebec 
 
 have been singularly successful. Success is the just recompense of those 
 who have devoted themselves to the difficult labor of instructing un¬ 
 fortunates deprived of the power to speak. Thanks to the method of 
 1’ Abbe de L’Epee, thanks to the oral method and the reading from 
 books, these pupils can almost speak and almost hear. The Clerics of 
 St. Viateur employ twenty-three professors to teach one hundred and 
 fifty pupils. Teachers and pupils are to be congratulated on the re¬ 
 sults that have followed their earnest endeavor. 
 
 THE SISTERS OF PROVIDENCE AND THE DEAF-MUTES. 
 
 A collection of copy books showed not only the acquirements of the 
 pupils but the methods whereby they had been instructed. These 
 books contained a full and detailed exposition of the information 
 possessed by these afflicted pupils regarding the common branches. 
 Two kinds of instruction were given, the classical and the industrial; 
 the distinction and the benefit are evident. The specimens of work that 
 were displayed proved that, when sent forth from her convent school, 
 the deaf-mute will find herself fully equipped to meet the world and to 
 earn her living in it. 
 
 Besides the common studies of the ordinary course, drawing, writ¬ 
 ing, knitting, embroidery and plain sewing are taught, and, so skillful 
 does the pupil become, mending is done that cannot be detected by the 
 sharpest gaze. In fancy work, by which one may earn a living, these 
 pupils excel. The specimens of needle-work included complete suits ot 
 clothing, millinery, dressmaking, and every variety of embroidery. 
 Embroidered church vestments were displayed that could not be sur¬ 
 passed in delicacy of taste and neatness of finish. There were samples 
 of work in silk and ribbons that would not have disgraced the show 
 window of a fashionable milliner’s shop. 
 
 There were several specimens of wax work that were very dainty and 
 attractive; such work, where there is an ability to cover natural flowers 
 with wax to preserve them, is exceedingly profitable. 
 
 To the Sisters of Providence the Province of Quebec owes no small 
 debt of gratitude for this very interesting and impressive exhibit. It 
 comprised twenty-nine volumes of written work, seven large albums of 
 needle-work, ninety samples of knitting and crocheting, seven oil paint¬ 
 ings (framed), an embroidered stole and an embroidered altar veil. 
 
 THE GRAY NUNS AT THE ASYLUM FOR THE BLIND. 
 
 At Nazareth, in the Province of Quebec, is the Asylum for the Blind 
 in charge of the Gray Nuns; its inmates were aware of the proposed 
 World’s Fair and did their part towards its educational success. “We 
 have only a few things to display,” said the good Sister in charge of the 
 work, as exhibited before being sent to Chicago. 
 
 Only a few things ? yes; but such things! Not of much value in 
 themselves perhaps, but how superlatively rich, if we consider the cir¬ 
 cumstances under which they were made. Any of us would willingly 
 give medals and certificates of merit to the one who knit, in the midst 
 of darkness more profound than night, a pair of those coarse socks, or 
 “turned the heel” of those fine stockings, of which there were so many 
 pairs exhibited. 
 
 What is the value of a hundred lace or silken trifles made by one 
 who can see, compared with the simplest object constructed by one in 
 perpetual darkness? Such prodigies as were presented in this exhibit! 
 Stockings made by hand or by machine; cloth woven with due regard 
 to the colors ; chairs caned, furniture upholstered, glass-ware manufac¬ 
 tured, and confectionery made in all sorts of fantastic shapes and of 
 multitudinous colors; carriages, horses, chairs,—multitudes of candy 
 objects made with a perfect harmony of colors, and that by beings with 
 no idea of color other than that a substance of one color feels differently 
 from one of another color. A piece of lace worked from an original 
 design by a blind girl of thirteen years was remarkable. The copy 
 books presented exercises as neatly and prettily written and as intel¬ 
 ligently expressed as those prepared by persons in possession of sight. 
 More, not only had the blind filled these books with written matter, but 
 they had also bound the books and were able to bind any sort of a book, 
 without making a mistake in the color of the cover. 
 
 “What did they write about?” Why, they wrote their extensive 
 knowledge of the common branches and, in addition to that, the inform¬ 
 ation they possessed regarding the natural and physical sciences, also 
 history and literature, and that in both the French and the English 
 
 5240 
 
courses. What a surprise it was to open a volume and find it con¬ 
 tained literary criticisms and original poems written on the type-writer 
 by blind persons! Moreover, there was a copy book full of musical 
 compositions, by a young pianist, the sightless author of a cradle-song, 
 a nocturne, and a pretty piece named “Souvenirs and Regrets.” An¬ 
 other pupil had put to music that beautiful poem, “That Broken 
 Vase.” These musical compositions were the work of girls from eleven 
 to sixteen years of age. The typewriting referred to above had not a 
 fault in either printing or in spelling and the poetry was full of religious 
 sentiment. 
 
 What a grand work these Sisters are doing ! Doing it as none but 
 religious can, for while training the pupils to do without physical eyes, 
 the Sisters do not neglect to open the eyes of their souls to the sight of 
 things eternal. 
 
 The educational exhibit of the Province of Quebec was in charge of 
 two gentlemen who made their department a very attractive one. 
 These devoted teachers were Brother Andrew, of Montreal, and Brother 
 Pelerinus, of Quebec. Under the liberal and enlightened policy of 
 Archbishop Fabre, of Montreal, the educational work of his important 
 field has long been given special attention. This is more particularly 
 the case in reference to the schools for the young, while the institutions 
 for the more advanced have also been given constant supervision and 
 encouragement. Archbishop Fabre is a prelate greatly honored by his 
 people, and one to whom they naturally look for guidance and direction 
 in regard to so important a matter as education. Cardinal Taschereau, 
 of Quebec, has been very zealous also, and his name is associated with 
 all educational movements in his jurisdiction. 
 
 In all the schools represented in the section, English and French are 
 taught equally. In the higher grades, all living languages are taught, 
 and the classics, Latin and Greek, as a matter of course. 
 
 'The business colleges give much attention to their special lines, as was 
 evinced in all their exhibits. The specimens of drawing, linear penetra¬ 
 tion, projection, architectural, freehand, and shadow “bosse,” are par¬ 
 ticularly fine. The “relief geographical charts” were studies in them¬ 
 selves. These were made under the instruction of Brother Pelerinus, 
 to whose courtesy visitors to the “Province of Quebec” are much in¬ 
 debted. A clever model of a landscape made in “ relief,” and so ar¬ 
 ranged with silken threads as to be an object lesson to surveyors in 
 taking levels, etc., was especially worthy of attention. It was the 
 work of Brother Orestus. 
 
 If the “ lien is mightier than the sword,” we shall need to be on our 
 guard perpetually against our northern neighbors. Good penmanship, 
 whether suffering from the advent of stenography and typewriting, or 
 what not, threatens with us to become one of the lost arts; but it is cer¬ 
 tainly not so in the Province of Quebec, so exceedingly fine are the 
 specimens of writing shown from the different schools and convents. 
 The delegates from the French government, who visited the Fair, 
 took home many samples of them with which to compile a memorial 
 volume—such as was formed of samples of American school methods in 
 France, after the Centennial at Philadelphia. The pen and ink work of 
 the ‘Cercle La Salle” of Quebec is most commendable. An address, 
 with “ encadrement,” from the pen of M. Montminy, was a work of art, 
 as were also an aquarelle medallion and a memorial panel representing 
 the great discoverer under the protection of the bright-faced Genius of 
 Religion. All were the work of the same illustrious artist and were 
 very properly kept under a glass cover. 
 
 The Hon. Joseph A. Chapleau permitted his two commissions, one of 
 Secretary of State, the other of his Lieutenant-Governorship, done by M. 
 Arcand, of the Cercle La Salle, to be hung in the outer corridor. 
 
 Besides the finesse of M. Arcand’s illustrative work, the affixed au¬ 
 tographs of “Stanley of Preston ” and “ Sir John Thompson ” lend pos¬ 
 sibly a trifle more interest to the valuable documents which bore the 
 huge scarlet seal of “Victoria Regina.” 
 
 One of the characteristics of the Quebec exhibit was the correction of 
 mistakes with red ink on the margin of copy books and papers. Sev¬ 
 eral tables were loaded with interesting productions from the various 
 
 schools. . ...... 
 
 The institutions taught by lay teachers arranged their exhibits in 
 the opposite part of the alcove. These were the Pi#technique School, 
 the Sherbrooke College, the Little Seminary, and Laval Normal School. 
 The latter took the lead, and was the most important of the secular 
 schools. 
 
 'Ebe prociiKc of ©ntario. 
 
 That portion of the court devoted to the exhibit made by the gov¬ 
 ernment of Ontario amply repaid examination. It illustrated in a 
 splendid manner, the system of education peculiar to the Province. 
 First was shown the work done in the kindergartens, primary and 
 public schools, then that of the pupils in the various high schools and 
 collegiate institutes. The government model schools had exhibits of 
 pupils’ work which came in for much praise. In the department de¬ 
 voted to the higher educational institutions, there were specimens of 
 work done in the mechanics’ institutes, art schools, technical schools, 
 and the institutions devoted to the instruction of deaf-mutes and the 
 blind. In addition to the samples of manual and intellectual work, 
 there were also the text books used and the mechanical appliances util¬ 
 ized in the various technical schools. Photographs of the large universi¬ 
 ties of the Province and of prominent Canadians adorned the walls, 
 while a special alcove was devoted to exhibiting the results of industry 
 on the part of students in ladies’ colleges and seminaries. There 
 was also a splendid showing of work from the pupils of the separate 
 Roman Catholic schools of the Province. This interesting exhibit was 
 in charge of Dr. S. P. May, of Toronto, and of John Dearness, public 
 school inspector for the County of Middlesex. 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC FREE SCHOOLS OF THE PROVINCE OF 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 The Roman Catholic free schools of the Province of Ontario num¬ 
 bered, in 1892, two hundred and eighty-nine, with six hundred and 
 thirty-nine teachers paid from a legislative grant of $18,248. These 
 schools, under the inspection of James F. White and Cornelius Dona- 
 van, M. A., took part in the Canadian educational exhibit. 
 
 The following institutions are conducted by the Christian Brothers : 
 —De La Salle Institute, St. Helena’s, St. Michael’s, St. Patrick’s, and 
 St. Paul’s Schools of Toronto, also the principal Roman Catholic sepa¬ 
 rate schools in Hamilton, Kingston, Renfrew and St. Catherine's. 
 
 From these institutions were sent to the exhibit, ten bound vol¬ 
 umes of class exercises and examination papers on the following sub¬ 
 jects:—Arithmetic, algebra, book-keeping, business forms, composition, 
 geography, mensuration, penmanship, phonography, ornamental pen¬ 
 manship, grammar, history, English history, commercial forms, litera¬ 
 ture, and Christian Doctrine. Ten portfolios, containing specimens of 
 map drawing, of mechanical, linear, architectural and perspective 
 drawing, were displayed, also twenty-five collections, of framed pieces. 
 The last named comprised specimens of freehand drawings, portraits 
 enlarged from photographs, shading from the “flat,” ornamental pen¬ 
 manship, mounted mathematical demonstrations, map drawing, geo¬ 
 metrical and industrial designs, model drawing, maps of England, 
 Ireland, Wales, North and South America, drawings of flowers, speci¬ 
 mens of composition, of book-keeping, of analysis, and of pictures of 
 various familiar objects. 
 
 Such is the enumeration of the exhibits made by the Christian 
 Brothers’ Schools in the Province of Ontario, except the De La Salle 
 Institute, of the City of Toronto, which presented a display that ex¬ 
 celled, in the number and importance of its objects, all the others taken 
 together. 
 
 This institute has been under the control of the Roman Catholic 
 Separate School Board of Trustees since 1881. The course of studies is 
 based upon the curriculum of high schools and collegiate institutes, 
 as shown by the exhibits; particular attention is given to commercial 
 subjects and to mechanical drawing. Four hundred students attend 
 this school and are taught by thirteen teachers, under the guidance of a 
 principal. The exhibit sent by this institution comprised an album 
 containing an account of the closing exercises, specimens of programs, 
 prize lists, diplomas, press notices, weekly records, monthly testimonials, 
 used from 1882 to 1892, and names of graduates; also four collections of 
 various sets of specimen papers showing class work in Christian Doc¬ 
 trine, composition, geography, grammar, history, arithmetic, algebra, 
 mensuration, geometry, phonography, commercial forms, the class work 
 of Forms I and II. 
 
 A second collection of specimens showed the class work of Forms III 
 and IV, in Christian Doctrine, rhetoric, composition, geography, history, 
 mensuration, algebra, and arithmetic. Specimens of commercial work, 
 phonography, typewriting (plain and ornamental), commercial corres- 
 
 g41 
 
poiidence and book-keeping from the Forms III and IV. These papers 
 were models of accuracy, order and good penmanship. Admirable in 
 every particular, each paper was an honor to the school, the teacher and 
 the pupil. 
 
 On eight revolving frames were displayed a great variety of artistic 
 productions and of scientific charts and maps. No. 1 of these frames 
 presented to view specimens of freehand drawing, geometrical and linear, 
 architectural and ornamental, crayon drawings from nature, figure 
 drawing and outlines from the flat. Frame No. 2 presented specimens 
 of shading, of exercises in water color, of lettering, of pen and ink work, 
 of projection relieved with water color, and of the various styles of 
 drawing. No. 3 showed specimens of projection, penetration, water color, 
 applied architecture, and joinery. Nos. 4 and 5 displayed samples of 
 shadow shading, tinted; architectural drawings in wash ; applied me¬ 
 chanics, water color; shadows from casts and crayon drawings. Nos. 0, 7 
 and 8 presented examples of construction, of descriptive geometry, of 
 shadows, of perspective drawing applied, reversed ana enlarged; water 
 color, and joinery; architectural, mechanical, perspective and linear 
 drawing, pen and ink work, water color, pastel painting, landscape 
 drawing in lead pencil, crayon drawing and carpentry; shading from 
 the flat, outline drawing from casts, outline drawing from the flat, 
 shading from flat and from casts, and models for rolls of honor. 
 
 These revolving frames consisted of a central post or support of hand¬ 
 some wood from which radiated dainty brass rods attached to the up¬ 
 right by means of brass rings; from the rods were hung the various 
 specimens drawn on paper or linen especially prepared for the purpose. 
 
 In twelve large frames, for use on the wall space, were collections of 
 specimens as follows:—Descriptive geometry, intersection of solids, 
 double square threaded screw; architectural drawing of the elevation of 
 a fountain; horizontal machine drawing, valve gearing and link motion 
 illustrated in water colors ; architectural drawing, a perspective of a 
 groined vaulted arch ; amplification, reversal, shadows, and reflection, 
 water colors; perspective of a basket—amplification, reversal, etc.; a 
 vertical blowing machine, Wolf’s System, parallel motion; carpentry, 
 joinery ; front and side elevation of fountain, of quarry wheel; perspec¬ 
 tive of a cross—amplification, transportation, shadows, illustrated with 
 water colors. 
 
 Specimens of modeling in clay, the plaster cast of the statue of 
 Blessed De La Salle being the most important, completed this very ex¬ 
 tensive and exceedingly worthy exhibit. 
 
 The Sisters of St. Joseph were in the first rank, as to the number of 
 schools making exhibits, and as to the number of objects presented by 
 each institution. Contributions made by this Order came from five Cana- 
 ilian dioceses, viz.: Hamilton, London, Ottawa, Toronto and Peter¬ 
 borough. The schools were St. Joseph’s, Sacred Heart, St. Lawrence, 
 St. Patrick’s, St. Thomas’, and St. Vincent’s of Hamilton; St. Joseph’s, 
 St. Mary’s and St. Peter’s in London; St. Catherine’s and St. Mary’s in 
 St. Catherine. Each building was represented by a photograph, on 
 which was written the cost of erection. The contribution from each 
 school comprised one bound volume and one portfolio, the former con¬ 
 taining the examination papers and the class exercises, the latter the 
 maps, the charts, the penmanship specimens, the drawings and the 
 book-keeping; certain separate work in pamphlet form appeared in 
 each collection and all presented work mounted in frames. These 
 framed collections numbered thirty-six and presented specimens in free¬ 
 hand drawing and industrial designs ; drawings of flowers, pen and ink 
 sketches, various designs, maps of British Isles, Dominion of Canada 
 and Province of Ontario, map of North and South America, and of 
 Ireland ; paper-cutting and sewing, also silk work on perforated paper; 
 specimens of ornamental penmanship and ornamental designs in 
 drawing. 
 
 The School Sisters of Notre Dame sent work from Berlin, Walkerton, 
 Waterloo, Mil dm ay and St. Clements, in the Diocese of Hamilton. 
 Their exhibit was arranged in the same manner as those already de¬ 
 scribed, that is, in bound volumes and portfolios, also in frames. 
 
 The Sisters of Loretto were represented by displays from the City of 
 Hamilton. From the City of St. Thomas, from the Sacred Heart 
 Orphanage in Toronto, from St. Mary’s, St. Paul’s, both in Toronto, from 
 St. Mary’s, VaukleekHill and St. Agatha’s, in Wilmot,were sent exhibits 
 prepared under the direction of the Sisters of various orders. 
 
 The Sacred Heart School, City of London, the Central Ward School 
 
 of Cornwall, the Catholic School of Formosa, the Catholic School of Port 
 Colborne, the Catholic School of Orillia, the Catholic School of Thorold, 
 and the Catholic Schools of Waterloo and Wilmot were in charge of sec¬ 
 ular teachers of ability who aided their pupils to prepare exhibits replete 
 with excellent features. 
 
 The beautiful work from these Catholic schools being displayed 
 in the midst of that from the non-Catholie institutions was put to a 
 severe test, but one that it bore well and from which it suffered noth¬ 
 ing. Religion was greatly glorified by both Canadian exhibits. 
 
 Thus closes our description of the beautiful exhibits from the Catho¬ 
 lic institutions of the United States and of Canada, but where or when 
 will their influence cease? The chapter of their history, as great intel¬ 
 lectual forces and mighty moral powers, will not close in many a rich 
 and fruitful year. Generations yet unborn will bless those whose gen¬ 
 erous and zealous exertions brought about the grand intellectual and 
 religious triumph called the Catholic Educational Exhibit at the 
 Columbian Exposition. 
 
 1Rev>. Cbavtnc Paul /P. IBrucbesi, E>.E>. 
 
 Rev. Chavine Paul M. Bruch&i was born at Montreal, Oct. 29,1855. He 
 received his degree as D.D. at College Romaine and in time became Canon of the 
 Cathedral of Montreal. At the time of the Columbian Exposition the governor 
 of Quebec named him commissioner and charged him with the organization and 
 direction of the exhibits of the Catholic Schools of the Province. He was ex¬ 
 tensively aided by some of the Brothers of the Christian schools, particularly by 
 Brother Pelerinus. 
 
 While credit, full and ample, must be given to the bodies of teachers-male 
 and female—who have so ably carried out the program of their various institu¬ 
 tions, we must not omit to mention the name of Rev. Canon Bruchesi, the emi¬ 
 nent litterateur, ripe scholar and energetic worker, to whose effort is greatly due 
 the success of this exhibit and the admirable manner in which it has been placed 
 before the world. He has performed a most meritorious and patriotic work, 
 which redounds, not only to the credit of the country, but also to his own 
 honor and that of the church whose faithful minister he is. 
 
 Hrcbbisbop Xangevin, 2).S). 
 
 The Hon. Monsieur Langevin, member of an ancient Canadian family, having 
 distinguished himself as a pupil at St. Hyacinth, became a notary and married a 
 lady who was a pupil of the Ladies of the Sacred Heart. 
 
 Such is the brief account we have been able to glean regarding the parents of 
 one who became distinguished in the Church in Canada. Archbishop Langevin 
 was born on Aug. 23d, 1855, at St. Isadora, parish of La Plaire, in the Province 
 of Quebec. 
 
 He received his early education at an elementary school, in his native town ; 
 there also he prepared his classical course; just after making his first com¬ 
 munion, he entered the college at Montreal, where he remained eight years. His 
 extreme piety turned his heart and desires toward the noble vocation of the priest¬ 
 hood, and, so successful was he in attaining the goal of his worthy ambition, he 
 was given the soutanne in 1875, and charged with teaching Latin. In 1877, he 
 went to the Grand Seminary, where he remained only one year, ill health re¬ 
 quiring him to rest for a time. In 1879, he returned to the College of Montreal 
 as monitor. After fulfilling, for a time, the duties of monitor at St. Maria Col¬ 
 lege, he was, in 1880, given, in the Grand Seminary, Holy Orders to deaconship 
 inclusively. Archbishop Fabre was the celebrant on the occasion and for him 
 the newly ordained deacon fulfilled, for awhile, the offices of private secretary. 
 Finally, the young cleric requested admission to the novitiate of the Oblates of 
 Mary Immaculate at Lachine ; this was granted him and he was there formed 
 to the religious life. On the 25th of July, 1882, he made his religious vows and 
 on the 30th of the same month he was ordained a priest by Mgr. Fabre, in the 
 convent chapel. 
 
 During the next ten years, he was successively assistant priest at St. Peter's 
 Church in Montreal, professor in the college at Ottawa and director of the 
 Grand Seminary of Montreal, also sub-dean of the faculty of theo;Ogy, and pro¬ 
 fessor of moral theology and sacred eloquence. He was for two years, the chaplain 
 at the convent of the Ladies of the Sacred Heart in Ottawa and assistant chaplain 
 to the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, in the same city. In fact, he passed the 
 greater part of his life in Ottawa and had with the Archbishop the most cordial 
 relations. The year 1893 found him the coadjutor of Archbishop of St. Boniface, 
 who had asked for him, at intervals, for ten years, but death ended their pleasant 
 companionship in less than a year, and the coadjutor became the successor, 
 
gummartf of Exhibits. 
 
 NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS EXHIBITING FROM ARCHDIOCESES: 
 
 Baltimore, 35 ; Boston, 23 ; Chicago, 7G: Cincinnati, 13 ; Dubuque. 55 ; Mil¬ 
 waukee. 21 ; New Orleans, 21; New York. 75; Philadelphia, 83; San Francisco, 
 68 ; Sante Fe, 9 ; St. Louis, 11; St. Paul, 5. 
 
 DIOCESES: 
 
 Albany, 6; Alton, 7; Belleville, 3; Boise, 1; Brooklyn, 80; Buffalo, 59; Bur¬ 
 lington, 1 ; Cleveland, 70 ; Columbus, 5 ; Covington, 29 ; Dallas, 3 : Davenport 3 ■ 
 Denver, 19 ; Detroit, 6 ; Fort Wayne, 61: Galveston, 7 ; Grand Rapids. 8 ; Green 
 Bay. 17 : Harrisburg, 1; Helena. 1 ; Jamestown. 1 ; Kansas City (Mo.), 6; La 
 Crosse, 25 : Lincoln, 1 : Little Rock. 2 ; Louisville, 7: Manchester, il ; Marquette 
 1; Mobile, 8 ; Monterey and Los Angeles. 2; Nashville, 7 ; Natchez, 15 ; Natchi¬ 
 toches, 3; Nesqually, 1 ; Newark, 5; Ogdensburg, 1; Omaha. 3; Peoria, 10; 
 Pittsburgh. 60 ; Providence, 1: Richmond, 5; Sacramento. 5 ; San Antonio 15- 
 Savannah, 1 ; Sioux Falls, 8 ; Springfield, 6 : St. Augustine, 2; St. Joseph 3; 
 Syracuse, 1 ; Vincennes, 47 ; Wheeling, 1; Winona, 2. 
 
 VICARIATES APOSTOLIC: 
 
 Arizona, 2 ; North Carolina, 7. 
 
 RELIGIOUS ORDERS OF MEN : 
 
 Augustinians, l ; Brothers of the Christian Schools : France, 93 ; Spain 13- 
 Belgium, 1 ; England, 2 ; Isle of Mauritius, 1 ; Switzerland, 1 : United States of 
 America, 90. Brothers of Mary : United States, 26; Hawaiian Islands. 3 ; U j n - 
 nipeg 1. Brothers of the Sacred Heart, 14 ; Benedictine Fathers, 6 ; Capuchin 
 Fathers. 1; Franciscan Brothers, 18; Holy Cross (Congreg.), (i: Holy Ghost 
 Fathers, 2; Jesuit Fathers, 8; Lazarist Fathers, 2; Precious Blood Fathers 1- 
 St. Viateur (Congreg.), 2. 
 
 Diocesan Clergy, 4. 
 
 RELIGIOUS ORDERS OF WOMEN : 
 
 Benedictine Nuns, 18. 
 
 Charity, Emmittsburg (Sisters of), 26 ; Charity, R. V. M (Sisters of), 26 • 
 Charity, Greensburg (Sisters of). 13 ; Charity (Mt. St. Vincent, Sisters of) 35- 
 Charity, Mt. St. Joseph. Ohio (Sisters of),7 ; Charity, Leavenworth. Kansas (Sis¬ 
 ters of). 3; Charity, Nazareth, Kentucky (Sisters of), 12; Christian Chari tv 
 Wilkes Barre, Pa. (Sisters of), 8. 
 
 Divine Providence, Castroville, Texas (Sisters of), 29 ; Dominican Nuns, 66 • 
 Franciscan Sisters, 62; Good Shepherd (Sisters of the), 3; Gray Nuns 1 ■ Holy 
 Cross (Sisters of the), 19: Holy Family (Sisters of the), 1: Holy Names (Sisters 
 of the), 8 ; Holy Child Jesus (Sisters of the), 7 : Humility of Mary (Sisters of) 3 • 
 Immaculate Heart of Mary (Sisters), 19 ; Incarnate Word (Sisters), 1. ' ’ 
 
 Loretto (Sisters), Kentucky, 28 ; Mercy (Sisters), 94. 
 
 Notre Dame (School Sisters). Milwaukee and Baltimore, 96: Notre Dame 
 (Congregation of Montreal). 6; Notre Dame de Namur (Sisters), 9 ; Notre Dame 
 (Sisters), Cincinnati. 22; Notre Dame (Sisters), Cleveland. 27. 
 
 Precious Blood (Sisters). 20: Presentation Nuns, 10; Polish Felician Sisters 
 (Detroit), 2; Poor Handmaids of Christ (Sisters), 3. 
 
 Providence (Sisters), Vigo Co.. Ind., 45 ; Sacred Heart (Religious), 2; Sacred 
 Heart I Ladies), 1 ; Sacred Heart of Mary (Ladies), 8 ; St. Agnes (Sisters). 12 ; St 
 Francis (Sisters), Greensburgh, 9; St. Francis (Sisters) Joliet, 8 : St. Francis 
 (Sisters), Oldenburg. Ind, 26 ; St. Francis of Perpetual Adoration (Sisters), 38 ■ 
 St, Francis (Sisters), Rochester, 1 ; St. Joseph (Sisters), 109 ; St. Mary (Sisters)’ 
 4; Ursuline Nuns, 36; Visitation Nuns, 6. 
 
 Lay Teachers (men and women), 29. 
 
 Location of Exhibits. 
 
 (See Diagrams, page 8.) 
 
 DIOCESAN EXHIBITS. 
 
 Covington.. 
 Denver .... 
 Detroit .... 
 Dubuque... 
 Fort Wayne 
 Green Bay. 
 La Cr 
 
 .Nos. 18, 20 
 
 .Nos. 29, 30, 32. 34 
 72, 73, 74 86, 87. 88 
 
 .Nos 31,33 
 
 .No. 36 
 
 .No. 45 
 
 .No. 39 
 35, 37 
 
 . .No: 
 
 ...No 38 
 ... .Nos. 24.26 
 
 .No. 43 
 
 .. No. 53 
 Nos. 1. 2, 3, 4 
 
 Manchester ... 
 
 Milwaukee. 
 
 Natchez .. 
 
 New York.Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,’io, 11.12,13, 14 76* 78 
 
 New Orleans... No 22 
 
 Philadelphia.Nos.’ 15,16, 40, 75,99, 103 
 
 Pittsburgh.i\j 08 . 47i 49 51 
 
 San Francisco.Nos. 17,19, 21. 23, 25, 27. 28 
 
 Sioux Falls...No. 53 
 
 RELIGIOUS TEACHING ORDER EXHIBITS : 
 
 Benedictine Fathers. No 53 
 
 Brothers of Mary .Nos. 89 91.93 95 55 
 
 Brothers of the Sacred Heart .. Nos'. 81, 83 
 
 Brothers of the Christian Schools. 
 
 _ .; • .Nos. 75, 77, 79, 95, 96, 97,’ 98. 99. 100,102. 203,104 
 
 Brothers of the Christian Schools (Spain. France, England and Belgium) 
 
 • ..Nos. 105,106,107,108,109, 110, 111. 112,113, 114. 115 
 
 Benedictine Sisters . No 53 
 
 Congregation De Notre Dame (Diocese of Boston). No. 4 
 
 Congregation De Notre Dame (Diocese of Sacramento).No. 66 
 
 Gray Nuns. No 5 
 
 School Sisters of Notre Dame.Nos. 1, 2, 3 4. 58. 60 
 
 Sisters of Charity (B. V. M.) .’. . No! 59 
 
 Sisters of Charity (Emmittsburg).No . 52 
 
 Sisters of Charity (Nazareth) ... Nns. 54. 56 
 
 Sisters of Divine Providence..No! G6 
 
 Sisters of Loretto .. Nos. 62. 64 
 
 Sisters of Mercy.Nos. 56. 57. 59 
 
 Sisters of Providence (Vigo Co.)..".. No! 65 
 
 Sisters of St. Dominic . . " 1 
 
 Sisters of St Francis. .... . V No. 6' 
 
 Sisters of St. Joseph.!......!..!!.!.!!!!.!..!. No! (1 
 
 Sisters of The Precious Blood. ..No 5' 
 
 Ursuline Nuns .No 6; 
 
 Visitation Nuns.....’'.'.' * ....’.'’.’'.'.'.'.''' ’ ’''''' ’'' No. 31 
 
 INDIVIDUAL EXHIBITS : 
 
 Catholic University of America. Washington. D. C. 
 
 Catholic Archives of America, From Notre Dame University. 
 American Catholic Historical Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Catholic Text Books. 
 
 Columbian Library of Catholic Authors . 
 
 League of the Sacred Heart. ..." ’ 
 
 Miss M. L. Ashe's Art School, Memphis Tenn. 
 
 Papal College Josephinum. Columbus. Ohio .. 
 
 University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. 
 
 . No. 92 
 
 . No. 44 
 
 .No. 40 
 
 . No. 42 
 
 . No 41 
 
 .No 42 
 
 .No. 43 
 
 .. Nos. 80. 82. 84 
 . Nos. 44, 46, 48, 50 
 
 243 
 
Miscellaneous. 
 
 Comments and Statements. 
 
 A SUMMARY OP SPECIAL EXHIBITS. 
 
 American Catholic Historical Society, Pa.—Historical church relics and 
 publications. Bishop's Memorial Hall, Notre Dame, Ind.—Valuable church and 
 historical documents, relics, portraits and publications. Rev. J. C. Breitkopf, 
 pastor St. Joseph's Church, Omaha, Neb.—Sent from his school in charge of the 
 Sisters of the Precious Blood, a weather map, the work of the pupils. This map 
 was unfortunately delayed in transit, and was not delivered by the express com¬ 
 pany until seven months after the close of the exposition, Brother Arille, Rheims, 
 France—Original methods for teaching drawing and design, perspective, decora¬ 
 tive, etc. Brother Alexis, Carlsbourg, Bplgiunv-rSet of text books, wall maps, 
 atlases, globes, submersible and surface relief maps for teaching geography. 
 Brother Leobert, Bordeaux, Prance —AIb1lSfh,of caligraphy, complete system of 
 methods used by the Brothers of the Christian schools in teaching writing. 
 Miss Mary Gwendolin Caldwell, New York City, first foundress of the Catholic 
 University of America—Artistic embroidery. Rev. J. J. Carroll, pastor of St. 
 Thomas' Church, Hyde Park, Chicago -Manuscript translation, into the Irish 
 language, of letter from Our Holy Father, Pope Leo XIII, dated July 20,1892. 
 Catholic Reference Library of America, Notre Dame, Ind. First volumes of 
 Catholic periodicals and newspapers published in the United States, rare books, 
 etc. Catholic Total Abstinence Union of Philadelphia, Pa.—Historical chart of 
 the Union, pamphlets and portrait of Father Matthew. Christian Brothers of 
 New York City, 59th Street -Album of developments of solids, by which each one 
 can be constructed in a few moments, also formulas for finding surface and solid 
 contents. Christian Brothers' College,Memphis, Tenn.—A work by the Rev.R. P. 
 Petro Wautier, S. J., printed 1633. A Bible for the blind, also an abridgment of 
 the Christian Doctrine, in the Sioux (Dakota) language, by Mgr. Ravoux, of St. 
 Paul, Minn., type setting and printing was also done by the author, 1846. Syn¬ 
 tagma Juris Universi, printed 1609; polyglot edition Imitation of Christ, in eight 
 languages; Trubner's Literature of Aboriginal American Languages; Prayers of 
 St. Nersetis printed in thirty-six languages at the island of St. Lazarus. Colum¬ 
 bian Library of Catholic Authors—Contributed by authors and publishers in the 
 United States, England, Ireland, Scotland and Canada. De La Salle Normal 
 Manual or Management of Christian Schools -Revised edition of the first Normal 
 Manual or Hand-Book for Teachers ever written, and of which ble33ed De La 
 Salle, founder of the Brothers of the Christian schools was the author in 1694. 
 A hand-book for educators, to found, organize and manage schools; a guide in 
 methods of teaching, developing character, etc. To this is added a treatise 
 edited in 1785, “The Twelve Virtue! of a Good Master,” a real treasure for all 
 teachers. Most Reverend William Henry Elder, D. D., Archbishop of Cincin¬ 
 nati—Exhibit of rare manuscript on vellum, once the property of the great 
 Chancellor, Sir Thomas More. This manuscript is evidently the work of the 
 monks of the fourteenth century. Rev. A. E. M. Dawson, Ottawa, Ontario, 
 Canada—Ossian's epic poems, translated into Latin by Rev. Alexander Mc¬ 
 Donald. Rev. A. De Paradis, Coal City, Ill.—Illuminated and illustrated vol¬ 
 ume “Magnificat,” in 150 languages, with poetic selections, etc. Holy Family 
 Church, Cahokia, Ill—Old church bell cast in 1776,14 inches high and 44 inches 
 ; n circumference, gift of the king of France, and first bell used west of the 
 Alleghany Mountains. League of the Sacred Heart, Jesuit Fathers, Philadel¬ 
 phia. Pa.—Diplomas, badges, charts, almanacs, devotional pictures, circulars, 
 publications for the promotion of religion, morality and education. St. Jerome's 
 Catholic Total Abstinence Benevolent and Literary Society of Holyoke, Mass.— 
 Illustrations of buildings, meeting halls, reading rooms, library and billiard 
 rooms, gymnasium, bath rooms, parlor, Spiritual Director, officers, guards, drum 
 corps and baseball team. Rev. N. H. Nosbisch, Ottawa, Ohio-Two volumes, the 
 work of St. John Chrysostom, printed 1633. Papal Josephinum College, Colum¬ 
 bus, Ohio -Rare and valuable historical maps, documents and publications of 
 the 16th and 17th centuries. Rare books, etc. F. S. C. Procure, New York City, 
 N. Y.—Brothers of the Christian Schools. Set of drawing books for teaching 
 linear, mechanical and freehand crayon drawing, with hand-books for teacher. 
 Set of books for teaching writing—system of the Brothers. Procure Generale, 
 Paris, France—Brothers of the Christian Schools. Sets of drawing books, 
 plaster models, models in wood, zinc and card-board and charts for instruction 
 in linear, geometrical, perspective and decorative drawing. John V. Sullivan, 
 Memphis, Tenn.—Register of Daily Cash Balances and Maturities. 
 
 Text-books were exhibited by the following publishers and organizations: 
 Benziger Bros.—Chicago, Cincinnati and New York. Brothers of the Christian 
 Schools —F. S. C. Procure, New York. Brothers of the Christian Schools — 
 Procure Generale, Paris, France. Catholic Publication Society—New York, N. Y. 
 Jesuit Fathers-Santa Clara College, Santa Clara, Cal. John Murphy & 
 Co.—Baltimore, Md. P. O'Shea—New York, N. Y. Pernin’s Shorthand Insti¬ 
 tute—Detroit, Mich. W. H. Sadlier & Co.—New York City, N. Y. E. Steiger 
 & Co —New York City, N. Y. Visitation Convent, Georgetown, D. C.- Linton’s 
 Historical and Genealogical Charts with Teachers’ Hand-book. Theodore Sydney 
 Vaughn, Chicago, III. Epic Poem on Columbus, in ten cantos,-written for the 
 World’s Columbian Exposition. Mrs. M. T. Ward, Louisville, Ky.—Oil Painting, 
 ‘•St- Augustine in Ecstacy;” brought from Rome by United States Minister 
 Cass, over fifty years ago. Loretto Academy, Loretto, Ky.—Manuscript (108 
 pages closely written) in Latin and French collection'of well-authenticated facts 
 from 1802 to 1814, showing the vacillating spirit of Napoleon Bonaparte, by Rev. 
 Charles Nerinkz. 
 
 Of the fourteen Archdioceses, sixty-eight Dioceses and four Vicariates- 
 Apostolic, making a total of eighty-three Ecclesiastical Divisions in the Uni¬ 
 ted States, there were represented in the Catholic Educational Exhibit: Thir¬ 
 teen Archdioceses, fifty-two Dioceses and two Vicariates-Apostoiic, or a total 
 of sixty-seven Dioceses and Vicariates-Apostoiic. Of Religious Orders of Men, 
 there were represented thirteen, and of the Sisterhoods, forty-six Orders or Con¬ 
 gregations. The Diocesan Clergy and Lay Teachers were likewise represented. 
 
 COMPLETE SUMMARY OF EXHIBITS. 
 
 The Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C., 1.—Ecclesiastical 
 seminaries, 6.—Normal colleges, or institutions for the training of teachers, 28- 
 Universities, with departments of theology, law, medicine, scientific and classical 
 courses, 2.—Colleges, with complete classical and scientific courses, holding 
 charters, from legislatures, etc., 23.—Commercial colleges, 26.—Professional art 
 schools, 4.—Collegiate institutes, high schools, academies and commercial 
 schools, 207.—Agricultural schools, 4. Professional schools for the training of 
 skilled mechanics. 4. Mining school, 1.—Special schools for art, kindergarten, 
 technical training and deaf mutes, 22.—Parish schools, 961.— Industrial schools, 
 28—Orphanages, 12. -Institutes for Indian and Colored children, 8.—Special 
 and Individual exhibits, 39. Total number of exhibits, 1,376. 
 
 The exhibits were represented by countries as follows: United States of 
 America, 1,258—Belgium, 1.—England, 2,-Canada, 3. France, 93 Hawaiian 
 Islands, 3.—Isle of Mauritius, 1.—Nova Scotia, 1.—Spain, 13.—Switzerland, 1. 
 
 Installation and Bare of exhibits. 
 
 The installation of so many and extensive exhibits was no easy task. The 
 construction of the booths, requiring about 14,000 square feet (gross) of lumber 
 was in itself considerable work, and in which the contractors were delayed by 
 carpenters' strikes, difficulty in securing mill-work, lumber, etc. Those only whc 
 were engaged in the actual work of installation, can realize all the hardships 
 endured by exhibitors for want of transportation facilities by which they were 
 obliged to walk several miles each day from the termini of unfinished street car 
 lines to the Liberal Arts Building through mud, slush, rain, snow, high winds 
 bitter cold, etc. Then there were tedious delays in the arrival of exhibits anc 
 many formalities, such as are usually required at World's Fairs for the transac¬ 
 tion of business, and all of which cost valuable time and much money. 
 
 As the construction of the booths cost a very large sum, it was decided not 
 to drape any of the alcoves, except in cases where a Diocese, religious order oi 
 exhibitor would request to have it done, and supply funds for this purpose. Tc 
 protect exhibits from dust, etc., and the needle-work, paintings, etc., from strong 
 sunlight, the tops of the booths had to be covered with sheeting. Later on. 
 some”exhibitors, at extra expense, placed elegant canopies over their booths 
 which added to their attractiveness. There were at one time fifty-five persons 
 employed in the work of unpacking and mounting exhibits, and the number of 
 attendants caring for the exhibits during the World's Fair was never less that: 
 seventeen or eighteen, although that number of attendants was not apparent, 
 owing to the great extent of the exhibit. 
 
 Nor was it a trifling responsibility to assume charge of so many valuable ex¬ 
 hibits ; for instance, a single shipment from Bishop’s Memorial Hall, Notre 
 Dame, Ind., was insured in transit for §20,000. Had it been lost or destroyed it 
 could not have been replaced for §100,000, and this amount of money would have 
 been no compensation for the historical value of this exhibit. 
 
 One show-case, five feet by three, with contents of embroidery, needle and 
 lacework, was insured for §2,000. A small case containing Irish point lace was 
 valued at §600, and a set of thirteen pieces of hand-painted china was valued at 
 an equal amount. From the foregoing may be inferred the care and anxiety 
 attending the guardianship of so many and of such valuable exhibits. Very 
 fortunately but few articles were lost by theft. Several volumes of musical 
 compositions and school work were missed by a few schools after the exhibits 
 had been returned. 
 
 There were no means of knowing in advance the exact number of the differ¬ 
 ent classes of exhibits, nor could any one form an idea as to how many schools 
 and institutions would exhibit, or how much and what kind of material would 
 come. Under these circumstances, it is apparent how difficult it was to deter¬ 
 mine upon the amount of space which should be assigned to each of the exhi¬ 
 bits that took part in the Catholic Educational Exhibit, and which numbered 
 twenty Diocesan exhibits, eleven collective exhibits of religious teach¬ 
 ing orders, twelve groups of exhibits from various religious orders, and about 
 thirty special exhibits. The best plan of allotment seemed to be the assign¬ 
 ment of an approximate portion of space, based upon information already re¬ 
 ceived, and subject to revision. The allotments were made in alphabetical order, 
 beginning with the Archdioceses, then Dioceses, Religious Teaching Orders, 
 Special and Individual Exhibits. This order was followed as far as practicable. 
 The size or extent of an exhibit, in some instances, forbade this course. It soon 
 became apparent that the space originally asked for would barely have sufficed to 
 display the work effectually and judiciously. The plan on which the booths 
 were erected gave about 65,000 square feet of wall surface and desk room. Not 
 only was every foot of this utilized, but the alcoves of many collective exhibits 
 were over-crowded and really, some of them would have required double and 
 
 244 
 
even four times the space allotted. Those that were over-crowded were the 
 Dioceses of Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Brooklyn, Cleveland, Dubuque, 
 Green Bay and Philadelphia ; also the exhibits of the Sisters of Charity, Em 
 mittsburg; Sisters of Providence, Vigo County ; Sisters of St. Francis, Olden 
 burg; Sisters of Loretto, Kentucky; Sisters of St. Joseph,Sisters of Notre Daiue 
 and Brothers of the Christian Schools of the United States and Europe. 
 
 (Joltwibian Library of gatljolic Authors. 
 
 An appeal was made to Catholic authors and publishers to contri¬ 
 bute to the establishment of a complete library of Catholic authors in 
 print in the English language. 
 
 The time was too limited to complete the collection. About three 
 thousand volumes were contributed. Eight hundred and fifty-five 
 authors whose names are known are represented in this library. Of 
 three hundred and thirty-nine volumes the names of authors or transla¬ 
 tors are unknown. 
 
 The Jesuit Fathers of London, Rev. H. .T. Coleridge and Rev. John 
 Morris, sent one hundred and twenty-eight volumes of which the Jesuit 
 Fathers are the authors. 
 
 There are in this collection a number of French, Latin, German, Span¬ 
 ish and Italian books. There are two hundred and twenty-five auto¬ 
 graph letters from authors and publishers, the result of correspondence 
 concerning the Columbian Library. Many of the volumes were con¬ 
 tributed by authors. The following publishers deserve credit for gener¬ 
 ously contributing their publications: 
 
 W. H. Allen & Co., London, Eng.; Appleton & Co., New York City ; Art & 
 
 Book Co., London, Eng.; Benziger Bros., New York and Chicago ; Brown & 
 Nolan, Dublin, Ireland ; Catholic Publication Society, New York ; W. J. Cahill, 
 London, Eng.; Robert Clark & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; F. De Richmont, Water- 
 town, N. Y.; P. F. Fletcher, London, Eng.; M. H. Gill & Son, Dublin, Ir.; I. J. 
 Griffin, Philadelphia, Pa.; St. Anselm's Society, London, Eng.; Burns & Oates, 
 London, Eng.; Blackwood & Sons, London, Eng.; Straker & Sons, White- 
 friars, Eng.; John Hodges, London, Eng.; P. F. Cunningham & Sons, Philadel¬ 
 phia, Pa.; McMillan & Co., New York and London ; Catholic Truth Society, St. 
 Paul, Minn.; Catholic Truth Society, London, Eng.; Patrick Fox, St. Louis, Mo.; 
 Harper & Sons, New York; Hoffmann Bros., Milwaukee, Wis.; B. Herder, St. 
 Louis, Mo.; J. S. Hyland, Chicago, Ill.; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.; H. 
 L. Kilner& Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; Lee & Shepherd, Boston, Mass.; McGrath & 
 Sons, Philadelphia, Pa.; J. B. McDevitt, Dublin, Ireland ; McClurg & Co., Chi¬ 
 cago, Ill.; Frank P. Murphy, Baltimore, Md.; David Nutt, London, Eng.; P. 
 O'Shea, New York ; Rev. John E. O'Brien, Cambridge, Mass.; F. Pustet & Co., 
 New York ; Porter & Coates, Philadelphia, Pa.; Sealy, Byrnes & Walker, London, 
 Eng.; D. & J. Sadlier, New York; Sullivan Bros., Dublin, Ireland; C. L. 
 Webster & Co., New York ; Frederick Warne & Co,, London, Eng.; and Denis 
 Lane, London, Eng. 
 
 The following magazines were sent in sets or parts of sets : “ St. Joseph's Ad¬ 
 vocate,’’ “Georgetown College Journal,” “ The Records,” “Quarterly Bulletin,” 
 and “Researches of the American Catholic Historical Society,” “Der Armen 
 Seelen Freund,” “Messenger of the Sacred Heart,” “The Dublin Review,” “St. 
 Josephs,” “ The Marygold,” “The Rosary.” “ St. Franziskus Bote,” “Poor Souls’ 
 Advocate,” “The Month,” “Annals of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart,” “The 
 Little Bee,” “Ave Maria,” “Notre Dame Scholastic,” “Sacred Heart Review,” 
 “Annals of St. Joseph,” “ Catholic Reading Circle Review,” “ The Owl,” “Catho¬ 
 lic Youth's Magazine,” “Catholic Family Annual,” “Pilgrim of Our Lady of 
 Lourdes.” 
 
 The Columbian Library of Catholic Authors has been placed with the 
 “ Catholic Historical Collections of America,” at Notre Dame, Ind.,and 
 
 VIEW OF COLUMBIAN LIBRARY OF CATHOLIC AUTHORS. (ALCOVE NO. 41.) 
 
 245 
 
will form part of the Catholic Reference Library of America.” The 
 original idea of a complete collection of Catholic authors will thus be 
 carried out, as there are already in this Reference Library at Notre Dame 
 thousands of rare volumes of which copies could not be secured during 
 the brief period of the World’s Columbian Exposition. Chicago, 1893. 
 
 'Ebe (gattyolk gebool Question. 
 
 Bishop Spalding, of Peoria, to whose intelligent and zealous care the 
 Catholic Church in America is indebted beyond measure for what lie 
 has accomplished for Christian education and for a great variety of 
 other Catholic interests, wrote of “The Catholic School Question” in 
 1892. with a view to the approaching Columbian Exposition, as 
 follows :— 
 
 “‘Whatever we wish to see introduced into the life of a nation,' says William 
 von Humboldt, ‘must first be introduced into its schools.' Now, what Catholics 
 wish to see introduced into the national life, first of all. is true religious faith 
 and practice. Religion is God's presence in the soul, it is the revelation of life's 
 goodness; it is the fountain of hope and joy; it is the impulse to a noble 
 activity in which we are conscious that failure itself means success. In happy 
 days, it is light and perfume; and when the waters of life are bitter it draws 
 them heavenward, and again they are sweet. Through it the sense of duty 
 duty to ourselves, to others and to God—is awakened ; and the caring for duty is 
 the vital principle in the creation of character. Hence to introduce true reli¬ 
 gious faith and practice into the national life is to introduce that which is more 
 important than material prosperity or intellectual activity ; for religion is not 
 merely the manifestation of our kinship with God, of the divine and imperish¬ 
 able nature of the soul; it is the only air in which morality thrives, in which 
 virtue becomes fervent, and goodness kindles with beauty's glow Conduct 
 rests upon a firm basis only when we believe in the infinite and godlike nature 
 of the good; in a universe of moral ends in which the right is also forever the 
 best. 
 
 No school, therefore, is good which attempts to educate the body, or the 
 mind, or the conscience without the aid of religion, for man is not a patchwork 
 of parts, but a something whole and organic, which springs from God, and 
 which can be developed into harmonious completeness only through vital union 
 with the Author and End of its being. 
 
 Hence the church does not and cannot consent to the exclusion of religion 
 from any educational process. As we live and move and have our being in God. 
 the moral and intellectual atmosphere we breathe, should be fragrant with the 
 aroma of religious faith ; and the inspiration of goodness and duty, which comes 
 chiefly in early years, and is imparted with most power by a voice made persua¬ 
 sive by an open and enlightened mind, should be received in the school-room as 
 well as in the home and in the house of worship. To forbid the teacher who 
 holds the child’s attention during those years when aspiration is purest, when 
 conscience speaks most clearly, when reverence is most natural, when belief in 
 the heroic and godlike is most spontaneous, to appeal to his pupil's religious 
 nature, and thereby to strive to awaken in them a keener sense of the divine, a 
 more living consciousness of the sacredness and worth of life, is to repress in 
 him precisely that form of activity' which is most salutary and most helpful from 
 an educational point of view. What is education worth if the spiritual side of 
 our nature be permitted to lie dormant? if the sense of modesty and purity, of 
 single-mindedness and reverence, of faithfulness and diligence, of obedience and 
 love, be not called forth ? What kind of education can bo given by the teacher 
 who may not speak of the evil of sin, of the harm wrought by vanity, jealousy, 
 envy, cowardice, hatred, and vulgarity of thought and word? If he be forbid-, 
 den to enter the inner life of man, how shall his soul ever be brought into contact 
 with the souls of his pupils ? He becomes a machine, and his living personality, 
 in which consists his power to educate, is condemned to inaction. 
 
 When our common school system was finally organized as exclusively secular, 
 nothing was left for Catholics to do but to build and maintain schools of their 
 own, in which the will, the heart, and the conscience, as well as the intellect, 
 should be educated. If Catholic children have a right to a Catholic education it fol¬ 
 lows that the duty devolves upon Catholics to provide the means whereby it may¬ 
 be received; and the Catholics of the United States have accepted the task thus 
 imposed with a spirit of generous self-sacrifice which is above all praise. They 
 have built three thousand and five hundred parochial schools, in which seven 
 hundred thousand Catholic children now receive a Christian education. They 
 have also established and maintained a large number of universities, seminaries, 
 colleges, academies, reformatories, and asylums, in which religious influence is 
 made to interpenetrate all the processes of nurture and training. The develop¬ 
 ment of this Catholic educational system is carried on from year to year with in¬ 
 creasing zeal and energy. The beginnings were difficult; progress is now com¬ 
 paratively easy. What has been done shows us not only what we have still to do, 
 but gives confidence that we shall be able to do it. The people take an interest 
 in the work not less earnest than that of the bishops and priests, while the teach¬ 
 ing orders make almost superhuman efforts to meet the ever-growing demands for 
 their services. The indispensable need of religious schools, which thirty or forty 
 years ago was proclaimed by but a few, is now conceded by all Catholics. The 
 Utterances of Pius IX. and Leo XIII. on this subject have no uncertain sound; 
 
 and the bishops of the Catholic world, in pastorals and in councils, have raised 
 their voices, in unison with that of the visible head of the church, to proclaim the 
 vital importance, whether from a religious ora social point of view, of thoroughly 
 Christian schools. They declare that a purely secular education is a bad edu¬ 
 cation, that if our civilization is to remain Christian, our schools must recognize 
 the principles of Christianity. In the third Baltimore Council, held in 1884, the 
 zeal of the American hierarchy in the cause of Catholic education glowed with 
 greater warmth than in any previous assemblage of our bishops. The eighty 
 prelates gathered in this national council decree that a parochial school shall 
 exist close to every Catholic Church, and that no ordinary difficulties shall be 
 considered as an excuse for its non-existence. A pastor's serious neglect to 
 build a school is declared to be sufficient cause for his removal; and they affirm 
 that it is a bishop's duty to provide schools which shall be Catholic, not in name 
 alone, but which shall be thoroughly efficient. As a means to this end, they 
 would have the pastor consider himself the principal of his school. He should 
 watch over it and make it the object of his special care and devotion. To equip 
 priests more fully for this office, the bishops urge that a course of pedagogics be 
 made paid of the curriculum of theological seminaries- 
 
 Our school system is an organic part of our ecclesiastical constitution. It 
 rests upon principles as wide as human nature, as immortal as Truth. We can¬ 
 not if we would, we would not if we could, recede from the stand we have taken. 
 We hold that the common school system is radically defective, though we have 
 no disposition to interfere with those to whom it commends itself. We concede 
 to others, as we demand for ourselves, religious and educational freedom. Our 
 convictions on this point are unalterable ; and since here there is question of 
 vital, temporal and eternal interests, there can be no compromise which conflicts 
 with the principle ®f religious education. 
 
 The Catholic Church is irrevocably committed to the doctrine that education 
 is essentially religious, that purely secular schools give instruction but do not 
 properly educate. The commemoration of the discovery of America, by hold¬ 
 ing an exposition which will attract the attention and awaken the interest of 
 the entire world, offers an opportunity such as we cannot hope to have again in 
 our day, or in that of our children, to give public evidence of the work we are 
 doing. In the four hundred years which have flown by since the stars of heaven 
 first saw reflected from these shores the white man's face, beside his white sail, 
 there has been no such occasion for such an advertisement, and when the fifth 
 centenary shall be here there will be no need, we may confidently trust, of special 
 efforts to commend and uphold the cause of religious education. Catholics 
 assuredly have a right to a prominent place in this great celebration. Juan 
 Perez, Isabella and Columbus, to whose lofty views and generous courage the 
 discovery of America is chiefly due, were not only devout Catholics, but they 
 were upheld and strengthened in their great undertaking by religious zeal and 
 enthusiasm. Their faith was an essential element in the success of their enter¬ 
 prise. There should be no desire to ignore or obscure this fact, even on the 
 part of the foes of the church, and it is a duty which Catholics owe to the honor 
 of the name they bear to see that the part which their religion played in open¬ 
 ing to the Christian nations a new hemisphere, thereby extending and quicken¬ 
 ing the forces of civilization through the whole world, shall not be misunderstood 
 or passed over in silence at this time, when the eyes of all men turn to 
 America to behold the marvels which have been wrought here by strong hearts 
 and awakened minds.” * * * “There can be little doubt that many are 
 opposed to the Catholic school system from the fact that they have never given 
 serious attention to the principles upon which it rests, or to the ends which it 
 aims to reach. It is the fashion to praise education, and hence all declare them¬ 
 selves favorable to it; but those who love it enough to make it a matter of 
 thoughtful and persevering meditation are, like the lovers of Truth, but few. 
 But those who do not read seriously, or think deeply, may be got to open their 
 eyes and look, and what they see may arouse interest and lead to investigation. 
 Opinion rules the world, and the Catholic Exhibit offers a means to help mold 
 opinion on the subject of education, which in importance is second to no other ; 
 and in an age in which the tendency is to take the school from the control of the 
 church, to place it under that of the state in such a way as to weaken its reli¬ 
 gious character, nothing which may assist in directing opinion to true views 
 upon this subject may be neglected by those who believe that education is 
 essentially religious. 
 
 The exhibit will help also to enlighten and stimulate teachers, by diffusing 
 among them a more real and practical knowledge of the various educational 
 methods and appliances. It will arouse a new interest in pedagogics as a science 
 and an art. We may easily become victims of the fallacy that a school is Catho¬ 
 lic because this adjective is affixed to its name, or because in it prayers are said 
 and catechism is taught. A poor school cannot exert a wholesome influence of 
 any kind. Idle, inattentive, listless, and unpunctual children will not become 
 religious, however much they are made to pray and recite catechism. In a truly 
 religious character self-respect, truthfulness, a love of thoroughness and excel¬ 
 lence, a disinterested ambition, are as important as a devotional spirit. Where- 
 the natural virtues are lacking, the supernatural have no proper soil in which to 
 grow. A right school system does not necessarily make a good school. * * * ” 
 Other prelates have spoken strongly and clearly on the Catholic 
 school question; among them we may notably mention Archbishops 
 Corrigan, Ryan, Feehan, ILennessy and Riordan and Bishops Keane, 
 Maes, Messmer, Ryan and others. There are a great number of letters 
 in Brother Maurelian’s possession from archbishops, bishops, clergy, 
 religious and lay teachers and from Catholic as well as non-Catholic 
 citizens who have expressed their appreciation of the excellence, and of 
 
 346 
 
the superior merits of the Catholic Educational Exhibits in strong and 
 fervent language. Congratulations are freely offered in these letters, 
 and expressions of high hopes for the future, since in the past so much 
 has been accomplished, in the face of untold disadvantages, opposition, 
 lack of material aid and, in many instances, a want of co operation and 
 of encouraging aid from quarters where it would naturally be looked for 
 and expected. The success of the exhibit has been to many a Catholic 
 educator a source of sweet joy and the realization of fond hopes. 
 
 Piwfographic Uicws 
 
 To perpetuate the memory of the Catholic Educational Exhibit an 
 order was given to photograph every part of it. Owing to the breakage 
 of several negatives, some important views will unfortunately be missed; 
 one hundred and twenty-eight views, eight by ten inches each, have 
 been secured. The credit of developing the beautiful photographs re¬ 
 produced in half-tone in this publication belongs to Mrs. W. E. Rotherv, 
 ner Miss S. E. (larrity. 
 
 Beautiful albums of complete sets of photographic views were com¬ 
 piled and presented as follows: by the Columbus Club of Chicago to 
 Rope Leo XIII; by the Catholic institutions of learning of the United 
 States to Bishop Spalding, President; by the Diocesan Board of Chicago 
 to Archbishop Feehan ; by the Christian Brothers of Baltimore to Car¬ 
 dinal Gibbons; by the Christian Brothers of the United States to 
 Brother Joseph, Superior General at Paris, and by the Christian 
 Brothers of New York and St. Louis Districts to Brothers Justin and 
 Paulian, Provincials. 
 
 • A very beautiful album of the Catholic Educational Exhibit at the World's 
 Pair was sent by express to Pope Leo XIII. by the Columbus Club of Chicago. 
 The album contains one hundred and twenty photographic views of the various 
 portious of the Catholic Educational Exhibit, taken and prepared under the 
 supervis'on of Brother Maurelian, the busy and efficient secretary and manager 
 of the exhibit, and the cost was defrayed, we are informed, by members of the 
 Columbus Club. 
 
 “The gentlemen who generously bore the expense of the album of photo¬ 
 graphs to the Holy Father in the name of the Columbus Club are : William 
 
 A. Amberg. Patrick T. Barry, David F. Bremner, Michael J. Carboy, John S. 
 Cooke. William P. Henneberry, James J. Kelly, Dr. J. B. Murphy, and Daniel 
 
 B. Scully 
 
 “The album is a triumph of the photographer's art, its contents being as 
 faithful pictures of the Catholic Educational Exhibit as could be made. It is 
 bound in white, the color of the Pope's costume, the leather being of the finest 
 morocco, and lined with white gros-grain watered silk. It is locked with two 
 gold bolts, fourteen carats fine, which are exquisitely formed and chased. All 
 the printing is in gold, and the letter-press description or explanation of each 
 picture is also written in gold. On the front, beautifully embossed in gold, is 
 this inscription : 
 
 Catholic Educational Exhibit. 
 
 World's Columbian Exposition. 1893. 
 
 His Holiness, Pope Leo XIII." 
 
 {—Chicago Inter Ocean.) 
 
 “Brother Maurelian. secretary and manager of the Catholic Educational Ex¬ 
 hibit, in June. 1894. after his return from San Francisco, went to Peoria to pay 
 his respects to Bishop Spalding, who had returned from Rome, Sicily and other 
 points of interest in Europe. The Brother presented the Bishop with a beauti¬ 
 ful album of photographic views of the Catholic Educational Exhibit, bound 
 in purp'e silk. On the cover were printed in gold the words: “Compliments of 
 the Catholic Educational Institutions of the United States." Bishop Spalding 
 whs pleased to receive this handsome souvenir of the Catholic Educational Ex¬ 
 hibit of the World's Columbian Exposition. While in Rome. Bishop Spalding 
 presented Pope Leo XIII. with the magnificent album, a gift of the Columbus 
 Club of Chicago. The Pope examined the album with great interest, and re¬ 
 ceived this gift of the most prominent Catholic gentlemen in Chicago from the 
 h inds of Bishop Spalding with evident pleasure. He gave directions to his at¬ 
 tendants as to the placing and earing of this valuable work. 
 
 “The Holy Father is in admiration of what was accomplished at the World's 
 Fair, and realizes how great is the zeal and intelligence of those in whose hands 
 rest the Catholic educational interests in this country." [The NeicWorld.) 
 
 A complete set of photographic views were also furnished Dr. S. H. 
 Peabody, chief Liberal Arts, the National Commission at Washington, 
 and the Field Columbian Museum, Chicago. 
 
 Che Officials of the “World's Columbian Exposition and the 
 national Commission.’’ 
 
 It is hut simple justice to the officials of the National Commission 
 and of the World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893, to testify to 
 the high order of intelligence, broad-mindedness and executive ability, 
 which brought to a successful issue the grandest achievement of its kind 
 in history—the World’s Columbian Exposition. The prompt attention 
 and unvarying courtesy which on all occasions marked the dealings of 
 these gentlemen towards exhibitors are among the most pleasing recol¬ 
 lections of the great Columbian Fair. The managers of the Catholic 
 Exhibit have expressed their sincere thanks to the distinguished gentle¬ 
 men with whom they have had business relations, and the names of 
 such officials as can now be called to mind, are here recorded ; 
 
 Harlow N. Higginbotham, president; George R. Davis, director-general: Dr. 
 Selim H. Peabody, chief Liberal Arts ; T. W. Palmer, president National Com¬ 
 mission ; John T. Dickinson, secretary National Commission ; Hon. John Boyd 
 Thacher, chief Bureau Awards ; Halsey C. Ives chief Fine Arts ; James Allison, 
 chief Manufactures Department; G. H. Wilson, secretary Bureau of Music: 
 CharlesC. Bonney, president Congress Auxiliary ; Moses P. Handy, chief Bureau 
 Publicity, etc.; William G. Curtis, chief Latin-American Bureau ; Walker Fearn, 
 chief Foreign Department; J. J. Hastings, postmaster; A. F. Seeberger, trea¬ 
 surer ; Thomas B. Bryan, commissioner-at-large : James W. Ellsworth, chairman 
 Liberal Arts : Lyman J. Gage, chairman Executive Committee ; E. C. Culp, sec¬ 
 retary on Ceremonies; Ferd. W. Peek, vice-president; F. J. V. Skiff, chief of 
 Mines and Mining; Eben Brewer. NF.IDawson, Joseph Hurst, J. P. Holland Sam 
 V. Steele, R. A. Rogers, Hon. J. W. Hoyt, J. C. McGibbons and James Y. George. 
 
 Awards to Catholic Exhibits. 
 
 dbcdals anO diplomas from TJllorlh’e fait- Committee. 
 
 The National Committee of Awards, of which Hon. John Boyd Thacher was 
 chairman, studied the systems of awards in preceding expositions and carefully 
 examined the jurisprudence relating thereto. It was learned from witnesses and 
 experts in World's Fair matters, that the jury system was of a very unsatis¬ 
 factory nature. Under the jury system a disappointed exhibitor could never 
 fix the responsibility of the refusal of an award on any individual. Another 
 objection to this system of awards was found in its graded prizes and without 
 giving any reason for the class of award given. 
 
 In view of carrying out the intent of the Act of Congress, the Committee on 
 Awards determined first, that the reports should disclose specific points of ex¬ 
 cellence presented by each exhibit; second, in order that some responsible 
 human personality might be fixed upon, they determined that one man —a com¬ 
 petent expert—should make the preliminary examination of a particular ex¬ 
 hibit, so that in the end he could swear, over his own signature, that he had 
 seen, handled and critically examined the exhibit which was placed in his 
 charge. To inspire confidence in the exhibitors the committee adopted the plan 
 settling upon one man, who should be the greatest possible authority and the 
 foremost expert in a certain line, to make the preliminary examination of certain 
 exhibits To secure competent judges letters were written to twenty-six 
 hundred different journals and technical periodicals, requesting them to recom¬ 
 mend experts in their special lines. There were in all between six hundred and 
 seven hundred judges, selected from among the most competent persons in all 
 parts of the world. 
 
 An award to an institution means a medal and a diploma. Where several 
 schools were grouped in one award, there will be a medal for the group and a 
 diploma is to be issued on which will be engrossed the names of all schools in¬ 
 cluded in the group. In this list, the institutions having been grouped will be 
 known by having “D" before their names. It is significant that the vast ma¬ 
 jority of these awards were given on reports of judges who were non-Catholic 
 educators from public or private schools, colleges or universities—gentlemen and 
 ladies of national reputation. 
 
 It is to be regretted that some very excellent and important exhibits were 
 over looked in the matter of awards. This was partially due to the absence of 
 complete lists and catalogued matter, wh'ch a majority of the schools failed to 
 furnish and without which it was impossible for the Bureau of Awards to issue 
 full instructions to the judges. Another cause was the very short time within 
 which such a vast amount of work had to be done. 
 
 Description of XUovlD’s ffair flbcOal anO Diploma. 
 
 The Columbian Fair medal is of bronze, three inches in diameter. On one 
 side is Columbus, the great discoverer, in the act of setting foot on American 
 soil, with an inscription Christopher Columbus, Oct. 12, 1192. On the reverse 
 side are the Santa Maria ship, two flaming torches, a globe, an angel with a 
 trumpet and another with tablet and stylus. In the center of the medal is a 
 panel with the inscription “World's Columbian Exposition in commemoration 
 of the four hundredth anniversary of the landing of Columbus, 1492—1892." 
 There is another panel for the successful exhibitor's name. The medal is a per¬ 
 fect specimen of art in bronze; it is hung in a panel of crimson velvet, so that 
 it can be swung both ways to show the obverse and reverse sides. It is encased 
 in a glittering box of aluminum. 
 
 The Diploma is a very large steel engraving, 18 by 24 inches and printed on a 
 sheet of parchment 28 by 36 inches. Mr. W. H. Low of the Bureau of Engrav¬ 
 ing and Printing complimented Mr. Charles Schleeht, the engraver of New York, 
 by saying, that in his opinion, it was “the best plate which had been executed by 
 an American engraver." From every jioint G f view, it is the most elaborate, 
 artistic and excellent diploma ever issued by a World's Fair. The Diploma 
 must be seen to appreciate its beauty and its perfection. 
 
 The total number of Medals and Diplomas decreed to Institutions in the 
 Catholic Educational Exhibit by the Bureau of Awards, is 621. Of these 552 
 were for the schools of the United States. 68 to the Christian Brothers of Europe, 
 and one to the Brothers of Mary in the Hawaiian islands. If to the 621 Medals 
 and Diplomas we add the 412 schools that were grouped and mentioned in the 
 Diplomas we find a grand total of 1033 Catholic schools that were honored at the 
 World's Columbian Exposition. Chicago, 1893. 
 
 Alabama.— Birmingham: Holy Angels’ Academy. Mobile: Visitation Academy. Holy 
 Angels’ Academy and St. Vincent's School. 
 
 
 247 
 
Arkansas.— Hue Bluff: Annunciation Academy and Colored Industrial School. 
 California.— Alameda; Notre Dame Academy. Berkeley: (d) Presentation Normal 
 School, and(d) St. Joseph’s School. Eureka: St. Joseph’s Convent and Sisters of Mercy. 
 Grass Valley: Mount St. Mary’s Academy. Martinez: Normal Institute. Marysville: 
 College of Notre Dame. Oakland: St. Mary's College.—Convent of Our L uly of the Sacred 
 Heart.—Our Lady of Lourdes Academy.—Our Lady of Lourdes Kindergarten.—St. 
 Anthony’s School.—St. Francis de Sales Male School.—St. Francis de Sales Female School.— 
 St Joseph's Adademy.—St. Joseph's Institute.—St. Joseph’s School.—St.L iwrence School.— 
 St. Mary's Male School.—St. Mary’s Female School. Redwood City: Notre Dame School. 
 Rio Vista: St. Gertrude’s Academy. Sacramento: Sacramento Institute. San Francisco: 
 Archdiocese of San Francisco—sixty-seven school exhibits. Sacred Heart College.—St Ig¬ 
 natius College.—Notre Dame College.—Sacred Heart Academy.—Immaculate Conception 
 Academy.—Our Lady of Mercy Academy.—Presentation Convent, St. Francis Parish.— 
 Sacred Heart Presentation Convent.—St. Rose’s Academy.—Children’s Day Home.—Roman 
 Catholic Orphan Asylum.—St. Boniface’s School.—St. Brendan's Kindergarten.—St. 
 Bridget's School.—St. Francis Male School.—St. Francis Female School.—St. Francis 
 Technical School.—St. Francis Kindergarten. -St. Joseph’s Male School.—St. Joseph's 
 Female School.—St. Joseph’s Kindergarten.—St Joseph's Orphan Asylum.—St. Mary's 
 Cathedral School.-St. Patrick's School.—St. Peter's Male School.—St. Peter’s Female 
 School.—St. Rose’s School.—St. Rose’s Kindergarten.—St. Vincent’s School.-San Jose: 
 Notre Dame College.—St. Aloysius’ School.—St. Joseph’s School. San Rafael: Dominican 
 College.—St. Rafael's School.—St. Rafael’s Kindergarten. Santa Clara: Santa Clara 
 College.—Our Lady of Angels’ Academy. Stockton: St. Mary’s College.—St. Agnes' 
 Academy.—St. Agnes' Kindergarten.—St. Joseph’s Kindergarten. Tcmescal: Sacred Heart 
 School. Vallejo: St. Vincent’s School.—St. Vincent’s Kindergarten. 
 
 Colorado.— Denver: Diocese of Denver—Nineteen school exhibits. Sacred Heart Col¬ 
 lege.—St. Mary's Academy.—Sacred Heart School.—(d) Annunciation School.—(d) Loretto 
 Academy.—(d) Immaculate Conception School.—(d) St.Catharine’s School.—(d) St. Dominic's 
 School.—(d) St. Joseph's School.—(d) St. Leo’s School.—(d) St. Patrick's School.—Mt. St. 
 Vincent’s Orphanage. Duranyo: (d) St. Columbia’s School. Canon City: Mt. St. Scho- 
 lastica's Academy. Colorado Springs: Loretto Academy. Georgetown: (d) Our Lady of 
 Lourdes School. Leadvttlc: (d) St. Mary’s School. Pueblo: St. Patrick’s School. 
 
 District of Colombia.— Washington: St. John's College. Georgetown: Sister Bap- 
 tista Linton's Historical Charts, Visitation Convent. 
 
 Florida —St. Augustine: St. Augustine’s Academy. 
 
 Idaho.— Lewistown: St. Aloysius’ Academy. 
 
 Illinois.— Aurora: (d) St. Nicholas' School. Belleville: St. Luke's School.—St. Peter’s 
 School. Bourhonnais: Notre Dame Academy. Chicago: Archdiocese of Chicago-seveniy- 
 iive school exhibits. St.Benedict and Scholastica’s Academy.—Eliza Allen Starr Art School. 
 — House of the Good Shepherd. -Industrial School of the Good Shepherd.—Holy Angels’ 
 Academy —Ephpheta School.—Josephinum Academy.—Mount Carmel Academy.—Si .Fran¬ 
 cis Xavier Academy.—St. Patrick’s Commercial Academy.—St. Patrick's Academy.—St. 
 Vincent's Academy.—Theodore Sidney Vaughn Columbian Epic.—id) Annunciation 
 School.—All Saints’ Male School.—All Saints’ Female School.—Holy Family School.—Holy 
 Name Male School.—Holy Name Fomale School.—Nativity School.—(d) Our Lady of Sor¬ 
 rows School.—Notre Dame de Chicago School.—Sacred Heart School.—St. Agnes School.— 
 St. Aloysius’ School.—St. Aloysius' Female School.—St. Bridget's Male School.—St. Bridget's 
 Female School.—St. Columbkill’s Male School.—St. Columba’s Female School.—St. Eliza¬ 
 beth’s School.—St. Francis of Assisi's Male School-—St. Francis of Assisi’s Female School.— 
 (d) St. George's School.—(d) St. Gabriel’s School.—(d) Immaculate Conception School.—St. 
 James’ School —(d) St. Joseph’s Orphan Asylum.— (d) St. Joseph’s Providence Asylum.—(d) 
 St. Jarlath’s School.—St. Malacliy’s School.—St. Michael's Male and Female Schools.—St. 
 Patrick's School (So. Chic.)—St. Patrick’s Female School.—St. Paul’s School.—St. Philip's 
 School.—St. Pius'Male School.—St. Pius’ Femalo School.—St. Procopius’ School—St.Terosa’s 
 School.—St. Thomas' School.—St. Vincent's Infant Asylum.—St. Wenceslaus School. 
 Freeport: (d) St. Joseph’s School. Feehanoille: St. Mary’s Training School. Joliet: St. 
 Francis Academy.—St. John Baptist's School. Kankakee: St. Viateur’s College.—St. 
 Joseph's Seminary. LaSalle: St. Vincent’s School. Longwood: Institute of Our Lady 
 of the Sacred Heart. Peoria: Catholic Educational Exhibit of the United States. Rt. 
 Rev. .1. L. Spalding. Bishop of Peoria, President—1,258 educational exhibits. Our Lady of 
 the Sacred Heart Academy.—St. Mary's School.—(d) St. Patrick’s School.—St. Joseph’s 
 School. Quincy: St. Mary’s Institute. Rockford: (d) St. James' School. St. Anne: St. 
 Anne’s School. Wilmette: St. Joseph's School. 
 
 Indiana.— Ferdinand: Benedictine Sisters. Fort Wayne: Dioceseof Fort Wayne—sev¬ 
 enty school exhibits. Si. Augustine’s Academy.—St. Joseph’s Cathedral School.— (d) St. 
 Mary's School.—(d) St. Peter’s School. Indianapolis: Brothersof the Sacred Heart—fifteen 
 school exhibits. St. James' School.—St. Patrick’s School.—(d) Sacred Heart School.—(d) St. 
 Brigid’s School. - (d) St. John’s School.—(d) St. Joseph’s School.—(d) St. John’s Academy and 
 (d) St. Mary’s School. Jasper: Jasper Col lege. Logansyiort: (d) St. Joseph’s School. Law- 
 reneehurg: (d) St. Lawrence School. Morris: (d) St. Anthony's School. New Albany: St. 
 Mary's School. New Alsace: St Paul’s School. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 
 Bishop’s Memorial Hall, (d) Catholic Reference Library of America. Oldenburg: Sisters 
 of Sti Francis—twenty-one school exhibits. Immaculate Conception Academy.-Holy 
 Family School. Rushvillc: Immaculate Conception School. Shelbyoille: (d) St. Joseph’s 
 School. St. Mary's, Vigo Co.: Sisters of Providence—f rty school exhibits. St. Mary's In¬ 
 stitute. St. Mcinrad: St. Meinrad Collego. St. Peter: (d) St. Peter's School. Tcne 
 Haute: St. Joseph’sSchool. Vincennes: St. Rose's Academy. Washington: (d) St. Sim¬ 
 eon’s Academy. Wendell: St. Wendell's School. Yorkvillc: (d) St. Martin’s School. 
 
 Iowa.— Ackley: (d) Sacred Heart Academy. Bellevue: St. Joseph’s School. Cascade: 
 St. Mary’s School. Carroll: St. Anthony’s School.—St. Joseph’s School.—Sts. Peter & Paul 
 School, Cedar Rapids: St. Joseph’s Academy.— St. Josop 's School. Clinton: St. Mary’s 
 School.—St. Patrick's School. Council Bluffs: St. Francis Academy. De Witt: St. 
 Joseph's Academy. Dubuque: Archdiocese of Dubuque—fifty-live school exhibits. St. 
 Joseph’s College.—St. Joseph’s Academy.—Visitation Academy.—Sacred Heart School.— 
 St. Mary’s School.—St. Mary's German School.—St. Raphael’s School. DyersvlUc: (d) St. 
 Francis Xavier's School. Lansing: Immaculate Conception School. Luxembourg: Holy 
 Trinity School. Lyons: Our Lady of Angels’ Seminary. New Vienna: St. Boniface 
 School. Shcmll: Sts. Peter and Paul School. Waukon: (d) Sacred Heart Convent. 
 Willy: Immaculate Conception School. 
 
 Kentucky.— Cold Springs: St. John’s Orphanage. Covington: Diocese of Covington, 
 -twenty-nine school exhibits. La Salette Academy.—Notre Dame Academy.—St. Wal- 
 burga’s Academy.—St. Augustine’s School.—(d) St. Aloysius’ School.—(d) St. Mary's Cathe¬ 
 dral School.—Mother of God School.—St. John’s School.—St. Joseph's Male School.—(d) St. 
 Patrick's School. Elizabethtown: (d) St. Mary’s Academy. Frankfort: St. Joseph’s and St. 
 Aloysius’ Schools. Lebanon: (d) St. Augustine’s Academy. Lexington: St. Catharine's 
 Academy, Loretto: Sisters of Loretto—twenty-eight school exhibits. Loretto Academy. 
 —Loretto Convent. Louisville: (d) St. Benedict’s Academy. Maysvitlc: Visitation Acad¬ 
 emy. Newport: Immaculato Conception Academy.—Immaculate Conception School.—St. 
 Stephen's School. Paris: St. Mary's School. St. John's, Hardin Co.: (d) Bethlehem 
 Academy. 
 
 Louisiana.— Baton Rouge: St. Joseph’s Academy. Charenton: St. Joseph’s Convent. 
 Donaldsonvillc: St. Joseph's Insti.ute. New Orleans: Archdiocese of New Orleans—twen¬ 
 ty-two school exhibits. Immaculate Conception College.—Dominican Academies.—St. 
 Joseph’s Academy. -Ursuline AcatUmy.—St. Simeon's Select School.—St. Aloysius' insti¬ 
 tute.—St. Joseph's Commercial School.—St. Mary's Assumption School.—(d) St. Aloysius’ 
 Male School.—St. Aloysius' Female School. Notre Datuo de Bou Secours School.—St. 
 Joseph's Orphauago. Thibodeaux: Thibodeaux Collego. 
 
 Maryland.— Ammcndale: Ammcnda'o Normal Institute. Baltimore: Calvert Hall 
 College.—institute of Notre Dame.—St. Ann’s School.—St. Alphonsus’ Male School. -St. 
 Alphonsus’ Female School—Immaculate Conception Male School.-Immaculate Concep¬ 
 tion Female School .—St. James' Male School.—St. James’ Female School.—St. John’s Male 
 School — (d) St. John’s Female School.—St. Michael’s Scliool.-(d) St. Martin’s Academy and 
 School.—(d) St,. Vincent’s Male ScIko].— (d) St. Vincent’s Female School.—John Murphy & 
 Co. Embhi: School Sisters of Notre Dame. Conventof Notre Dame. Emmittshury: Sis- 
 tersot Charity—twenty-eight school exhibits. St Joseph's Academy.—(d) St. Euphemia's 
 School. Ellicott City: Rock Hill College. Govanstowu: Notre Dame of Maryland. 
 
 Massachusetts.— Boston: Notre Dame Academy.-(d) St. Mary's School.—(d) St. John’s 
 School.—(d) Sacred Heart School. Chicopee: St Joseph's School. East Boston: (d) Our 
 Holy Redeemer High School— (d) Assumption School. Canton: St. John’s School. Hol¬ 
 yoke: Catholic Total Abstinence, B. and L. Union. Lawrence: (d) St. Mary's School. 
 Lowell: (d) St. Patrick’s Academy.—St. Patrick’s School. Lynn: St. Mary's School. Mal¬ 
 den: Immaculate Conception School. Roxbury: Notre Dame Academy.—Our Lady of 
 Perpetual Help School. Salem: (d) St. James’ School. Sommerville: (d) St. Joseph’s 
 School. Springfield: (d) Sacred Heart School. Waltham: St. Joseph’sSchool. Worcester: 
 d) St. John’s High School.—St. John’s School. 
 
 Michigan.— Detroit: Diocese of Detroit—six school exhibits. St. Joseph’s Commercial 
 School.—St. Mary’s Institute.—Perniu’s Shorthand Institut-. Grand Rapids: St. James’ 
 School.—(d) St. Mary's School. Harbor Springs: (d) Indian Industrial School. Saginaiv: 
 (d) St. Andrew’s School. 
 
 Minnesota —St. Paul: Cretin High School. Faribault: (d) Bethlehem Academy. Min¬ 
 neapolis: (d) Holy Rosary School. 
 
 Missouri.— Arcadia: (d) Arcadia College. Cape Girardeau: (d) St. Vincent's Academy. 
 Carondelet: St. Joseph’s Academy. Florissant: Loretto Academy.—Convent of Loretto. 
 Glencoe: Normal Institute of the Christian Brothers. Kansas City: Cathedral Commer¬ 
 cial School.—St. Patrick’s School. O'Fallon: Sisters of the Precious Blood—twenty 
 school exhibits. St. Mary’s Institute. St. Louis: Christian Brothers’ College.—St. Eliza¬ 
 beth’s Institute.—Loretto Academy.—Ursuline Academy.—St. Alphonsus' School.—(d) St. 
 Aloysius’School.—St. Bridget’s Male School.—St. Bridget’s Female School.—Holy Name 
 School.—(d). St. John’s School.—St. Kevin’s School.—St. Lawrence's Male School.—(d) St. 
 Lawrence’s Female School.—St. Malachy's School.—(d' St. Patrick's School.—St. Vincent 
 and Annunciation Schools.—(d) St. Vincent’s Female School.—Ursuline Day School. St. 
 Joseph: St. Joseph Commercial College.—St. Patrick’s School. 
 
 Mississippi.— Bay St. Louis: St. Stanislaus’Commercial College. Chatawa: (d)St. 
 Mary’s Institute. Greenville: (d) St. Rose of Lima Academy. Meridian: (d) St. Aloysius' 
 Academy. Natchez: Diocese of Natchez—fifteen school exhibits. Cathedral School.—St. 
 Joseph’s School.—St. Francis (colored) School. Vicksburg: St. Aloysius’ Commercial Col¬ 
 lege.—St. Francis Xavier’s Academy. 
 
 Montana.— St. Defer: St. Peter’s Mission School of the Ursulines. 
 
 New Hampshire.— Keene: (d) St. Joseph’s School. Manchester: Diocese of Manches¬ 
 ter-fourteen school exhibits. St. Joseph's High School.—St. Augustine’s Academy.—St. 
 Mary's Day Academy.—Mount St. Mary's Academy.—(d) St. Agnes' School.—(d) Si. Joseph's 
 Cathedral Female School.—(d) St. Raphael's School.—(d) St. Patrick's Orphanage. Nashua : 
 —(d) Sacred Heart School.—St. Aloysius School. Portsmouth: (d) Immaculate Conception 
 School. 
 
 New Jersey.— Fort Lee: Holy Angels’ Institute. Jersey City: Catholic Institute. 
 Newark: St. Patrick's School. Paterson: St. John’s School. 
 
 New Mexico .—Las Cruces: (d) Visitation Academy. Las Vegas: (d) Immaculate Con¬ 
 ception Academy. Mora: Annunciation Academy. Santa Fc: Our Lady of Light 
 Academy. Socorro: Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Academy. Tans: St.'Michael’s School. 
 
 New York.— Albany: Christian Brothers’ Academy. Aldcn: (d)St. John the Baptist’s 
 School. Allegany: St. Elizabeth's Academy. Amawalk: St. Joseph’s Normal College— 
 Christian Brothers Text Books. Normal Manual and Dra wing Books. Brooklyn: Diocese 
 of Brooklyn—eighty school exhibits. St. John's College.—St. Frauds’ College.—Si. Agues’ 
 Seminary.—St. James’ Commercial Academy.—St. Joseph’s Academy.—St. Leonard's 
 Academy.—St. Patrick’s Academy.—St. Theresa's Academy—St. Thomas Aquinas’ 
 Academy.—St. Vincent de Paul Academy—(d) Industrial School of Mercy.—Nativity 
 Academy.—Nativity Institute.—Sacred Heart Institute.—Visitation Academy.—Visitation 
 Convent.—All Saints' School.—Assumption School.- (d) Holy Family School.—Holy Trinity 
 School.—(d) Holy Trinity Orphan Asylum—(d) Mary Starof the Sea School.—Our Lady of 
 Good Counsel School.—Our Lady of Mercy School.—(d) Our Lady Starof the Sea School — 
 (cl) Sorrowful Mother School.—St. Anne’s Male and Female School.—<d) St. Anthony’s Male 
 and Female School—(d) St. Benedict’s School.—(d) St. Charles’ Male and Female School- 
 id) St. Francis de Sales’ School.—St. John the Evangelist’s School.—(d) St. John’s Male and 
 Female School.—(d) St. John’s Home School.—(d) St. Joseph’s Male and Female School.— 
 (d) St. Leonard’s School.—(cl) St. Malachy’s School.-(d) St. Malachy’s Home.—(I) St. 
 Michael's School.—(d) St. Nicholas’ School.—St. Paul’s Male and Female School.—St. Paul’s 
 Industrial School —Sts. Peter and Paul School.—(d) St. Peter’s Male and Female School.— 
 St. Stephen’s School.—Visitation School. Buffalo: Diocese of Buffalo—fifty-nine school 
 exhibits. Canisius College.—Holy Angels’ Academy—Mt. St. Joseph’s Academy.—Sacred 
 Heart High School.—St. Mary's Academy.—German Catholic Orphan Asylum.—Le Cou- 
 teulx, St. Mary’s Deaf Mute Institute.—(d) Our Lady of Mercy School.—Sacred Heart 
 School.—Seven Dolors’ School.—(d) St. Agnes' School.—St. Ann’s School.—(d) St. Anthony's 
 School.—(d) St. Boniface’s School.—(d) St. Bridget's Female School—St. Bridget’s Male 
 School.—(d) St. Francis Xavier’s School.—(d) St. John the Baptist's School.—St. Joseph’s 
 Cathedral Male School.—<d) St. Joseph's Cathedral Female School.—St. Louis Male School. 
 — (d) St. Louis Female School.—St. Mary’s School.—(d) St. Nicholas’ School.—(d)-St. Patrick's 
 School.—(d) St.. Stephen's School.—St. Vincent's Orphanage and Industrial School. Buffalo 
 Plains: (d) St. Joseph's School. Dunkirk: (d) St. George’s School.—d) St. Mary's School.— 
 St. Mary’s Orphan Asylum. East Buffalo: (d) St. Agnes’ School. Elmira: Our Lady of 
 Angels’ Seminary.—Sts. Peter and Paul School.—(d) St. John’s School.—(d) St. Mary’s School. 
 Flushing: St. Joseph’s Academy. Gardenville: Fourteen Holy Helpers. Hamburg: Sts. 
 Peter and Paul School. Hnverstraw: (d) St. Peter’s School. Jamestown : Sts. Peter and 
 Paul School. Kingston: (d) St. Joseph’s School. Lancaster: (d) St. Mary’s School. Locft- 
 port: (d) St. Joseph’s Academy.—(d) St. John's School.-(d) St. Mary’s School.—(d) St. 
 Patrick’s School. New Brighton: (d) St. Peter’s School. Newburgh: St. Patrick's Male 
 and Female School. New Oregon: (d) St. Mary's School. New York: Archdiocese 
 of New York—seventy-five school exhibits. Brothers of the Christian Schools of the 
 United States—ninety-two school exhibits. De La Salle Institute.—Manhattan College.— 
 Mt. St. Vincent's Acaderuy-on-Hudson.—Holy Rosary Academy.—La Salle Academy.— 
 St. Brigid’s Academy.—St. Gabriel’s Academy.—(d) St. Jerome’s Academy.—St. Mary’s 
 Academy.—(d) St. Paul's Academy.—Holy Rosary Convent. Institution of Mercy, Miss 
 M. G. Caldwell.—(d) Assumption School.—Cathedral Male School.—Cathedral Female 
 School.—Holy Cross Female School.—Holy Innocents' School.—Immaculate Conception 
 Male School (151st St.).-Immaculate Conception Male School.—Immaculate Conception 
 Female School.—(d) Our Lady of Sorrows School.—St. Alphonsus’ Male School.—id) St. 
 Augustine’s School.—St. Brigid’s Male School.—St. Brigid's Female School.—St. Gabriel’s 
 Male School.—St. Gabriel’s Femalo School.—St. James’ Male School.—St. James' Female 
 School.—Sr. Jerome’s School.—(cl) St. John Baptist’s Male School.-(d) St. John Baptist’s 
 Female School.—St. Joseph’s Male School.—(d) St. Joseph's Schoil (87th St.).—id) St. 
 Joseph’s School (127th St.).—St. Lawrence School.—St. Mary’s Male School.—St. Mary’s 
 Female School.—(d) St. Monica’s School.—St. Nicholas’ Male School.—St. Nicholas’ Female 
 School.—(d) St. Paul’s School.—St. Peter's Male School.—St. Peter’s Female School.—St. 
 Patrick's Male and Female Schools.—St. Stephen's School.—St. Theresa’s Male School — 
 St. Theresa’s Fomale School.—St. Vincent Ferrer’s School.—P. O'Shea. Win. H. Sadlier, 
 
 248 
 
E. Steiger & Co., Benziger Brothers and Catholic Publication Society. Niagara: Niagara 
 University. Niagara Falls: (d) St. Mary’s School. Nyaclc (d) St. Ann’s School. Oydens- 
 burg: St. Mary’s Academy. Olcan: <cl) St. Mary’s School. Oswego: (d) Sacred Heart 
 School. Poughkeepsie: (d) St. Mary’s School. Handout: (d) St. Mary’s School. Rosendale: 
 (d) St Peter's School. Saugerties: St. Mary’s School. Sing Sing: St. Augustine’s School. 
 Suspension Bridge: (d) Sacred Heart School. Troy: La Salle Institute-Catholic Male 
 Orphan Asylum. Utica: St. Vincent’s Industrial School. Vcrplanck: (d) St. Patrlc 's 
 School. West Chester: Sacred Heart Academy.—New York Catholic Protectory (Male 
 Department).—New York Catholic Protectory (Female Department). West Seneca: Our 
 Lady of Victory School.—St. John's Protectory and Orphanage, l'onkers: St. Mary’s 
 Male School. 
 
 North Dakota. —Grand Forks: St. Bernard's Ursuline Convent. 
 
 Ohio .—Canton: St. John's School.—St. Peter’s School. Cleveland: Diocese of Cleve¬ 
 land-seventy school exhibits. St. Ignatius College. -Notre Dame Academy—Ursuline 
 College—(d) Holy Name School.—Our Lady of Lourdes School.-St. Augustine's School.— 
 id) St. Adalbert's School.—st. Bridget's School.—id) St. Column's School.—(d) St. Francis 
 School.—St. John’s Cathedral Male and Female School.-(d) St. Joseph’s School.—(d) St. 
 Malachy’s School.—(d) St. Mary’s Male and Female (Assumption) Schools.—(d) St. Mich¬ 
 ael’s School.-St. Patrick’s Male and Female Schools.-(d) St. Peter’s School. Columbus: 
 Papal College Josefthinum.—Classical Institute. Historical Department and Industrial 
 School.—Holy Cross Male School. Cincinnati: Sisters of Notre Dame.—St. Joseph's Male 
 School.—(d) St. Bonaventure School.—St. Mary’s School.—St. Michael's School. Dayton: 
 Brothers of Mary—thirty school exhibits. St. Mary’s lustiiute.—St. Mary’s Preparatory 
 Normal School.—(d) Emmanuel Male School.—Holy Trinity Male School. Defiance: Our 
 Lady of Perpetual Help School. Fremont : St. Joseph’s School. Cation: (d) St. Patrick’s 
 School. Lima: St. Itose of Lima School. Mt. SI. Joseph: St. Bridget's School. Sandusky. 
 Sts. Peter and Paul School. SedamsviUn: Mary of Help School. Tiffin: Ursuline Con¬ 
 vent.-St. Joseph's School. Toledo: Ursuline Convent of the Sacred Heart..—St. Francis 
 de Sales Male School.—St. Francis de Sales Female School. St. Mury's School. Villa 
 Angela: Ursuline Academy. Youngstown: Immaculate Conception School.—St Co- 
 lumba's School. 
 
 Pennsylvania.— Allegheny. St. Benedict's Academy—St. Andrew’s School.—id) St. 
 Joseph's School.—St. Mary’s Male School.—(d) St. Mary’s Female School.—(d) St. Peter’s 
 School. Altoona: St. John's Convent School. Beatty. St. Vincent’s Ecclesiastical Sem¬ 
 inary.—St. Vincent’s College—St. Xavier's Academy. Braddock: (d)St. Thomas School. 
 Butler: Sts. Peter and Paul School. Charticr: (d) St. Francis de Sales School. Connells- 
 ville: (d) Immaculate Conception School. Consholiocken: St. Matthew’s School. Ebens- 
 burg: Mt. Gallitzin Academy. Eddington: St. Francis Industrial School. Gallitzin: (d) 
 Borough School. Greensburg: St. Joseph’s Academy. Herman: St. Fidelis College. 
 Johnstown: id) St. Columba*s School.—(d) St. John's School.—(d) St. Mary’s School. La- 
 trohe: Holy Family School. Lorctto: Mt. Aloysius’ Academy. Mt. Oliver: (d) St. Joseph's 
 School. Philadelphia: Archdiocese of Philadelphia—eighty school exhibits. Primary 
 grades, secondary grades and grammar grades. American Catholic Historical Society — 
 League of the Sacred Heart—Catholic Total Abstinence Union.—La Salle College.—St. 
 Joseph's Academy.—Homan Catholic High School.—Cathedral Male School.—Our Mother of 
 Sorrow’s Male School.—St. Agatha's Male School.—St. Ann’s Male School.—St. Charles’ Male 
 School—St. Michael’s Male School.—St. Paul's Male School.—(d) St. Patrick’s Male School. 
 —St. Peter’s Male School. Pittsburg: Diocese of Pittsburg—sixty school exhibits. Holy 
 Ghost College.—St. Mary's Academy.—Ursuline Convent.—Holy Cross School.—Sacred 
 Heart School.—St. Agnes’ School.—St. Augustine’s School.—St. Bridget’s School.—(d) St. 
 Benedict’s Colored School.—(d) St. George's School.—(d) St. James' Scho .l.—(d) St. John the 
 Baptist's School.—(d) St. John's School.—(d) St. Joseph’s School.—(d) St. Kieran’s School.— 
 (d) St. Malachy’s School.—St. Michael’s Male and Female School.—(d) St. Mary’s School.— 
 (d) St. Mary’s of Mercy School.—St. Patrick’s School.—St. Paul's Male School.—<di St. 
 Paul's Female School.—St. Peter’s School.—Sts. Peter and Paul School. Sharon Hilt: 
 Academy of the Holy Child Jesus. Sharpsburg: St. Joseph's School.—(d) St. Mary’s 
 School. Tunnel Hill: Tunnel Hill School. Turtle Creek: (d) St. Colman’s School. Tyrone: 
 (d) St. Matthew’s School. Villa Maria: Sisters of tho Humility of Mary. Wilkinsburg: 
 (d) St. James School. 
 
 Rhode Island.— Providence: La Salle Academy. 
 
 South Dakota.— Milbank: (d) St. Lawrence School. Mitchell: (d) Holy Family School. 
 Pine Ridge: id) Holy Rosary School. Sioux Falls: Diocese of Sioux Falls-eight school 
 exhibits. Catholic Indian Mission.—St. Martin’s School.-(d) St. Michael’s School.—id) St. 
 Rose Academy.—Ursuline Nuns. Stephen: Immaculate Conception Indian Mission. 
 Yankton: (d) Sacred Heart School. 
 
 Tennessee.— Clarksville: (d) St. Mary’s School. Memphis: Christian Brothers’College.— 
 St. Patrick’s School.—Ashe Art School. Nashville: (d) St. Bernard’s Academy.—(d) St. Jos¬ 
 eph’s School.—(d) St. Patrick’s School. 
 
 Texas.— Castrovillc: Sisters of Divine Providence—twenty-nine school exhibits. Acad¬ 
 emy of Divine Providence. Clarksville: (d) St. Joseph’s Convent. Jefferson: «]) S. Mary’s 
 Convent. San Antonio: St. Mary's College. 
 
 Vermont.— Burlington: St. Joseph's Academy. 
 
 Virginia.— Norfolk: (d) St. Mary’s School. Portsmouth: (d) St. Joseph's School. 
 Richmond: St. Joseph’s Academy.—(d) St. Joseph’s Orphan Asylum.—(d) St. Patrick's 
 School. 
 
 Washington.— Seattle: Sacred Heart School. 
 
 Wisconsin.— Ashland: (d) St. Agnes' School. Appleton: St. Joseph's School.—St. 
 Mary’s School. Bayfield: (d) Christ’s School. Bay Settlement: Holy Cross School.—St. 
 Francis Convent. Chippewa Falls: (d> Notre Dame Parish School. Fountain City: (d) 
 St. Mary's School. Green Bay: Diocese of Green Bay—forty-seven school exhibits. Ca¬ 
 thedral School.—St. John’s School.—(d) St. Joseph’s Orphan Asylum. Grand Rapids: 
 Sts. Peter and Paul School. Keshcna Reservation: St. Joseph's Male and Female In¬ 
 dian School. La Crosse: Diocese of La Crosse—twenty-live school exhibits, (d) Holy 
 Cross School.—(d) Holy Trinity School.— d) St. James School.—(d) St. John’s School.- 
 St. Joseph's Cathedral School.—(d) St. Mary's School.—(d) St. Wenceslaus School. Little 
 Chute: District School. Maple Grove: St. Patrick’s School. Mcnasha: St. Patrick's 
 School. Marinette: St. Mary’s Institute.—Academy of Lourdes. Milwaukee: Archdio¬ 
 cese of Milwaukee—twenty-one school exhibits. School Sisters of Notre Dame—ninety- 
 six school exhibits. Notre Dame Convent.—St. Mary's Select School.—Holy Trinity 
 School.—(d) St. Anthony's School.-(d) St. Francis School.—(d) St. Joseph's School.-(d) 
 St. Josaphat’s School. Mineral Point: (d) St. Mary's School. Oconto: St. Peter’s School. 
 Portage: St. Mary's School. Prairie Du Chien: St. Mary’s Institute. Racine: St. Cath¬ 
 arine's Academy and Parish School. Sauk City, (d) St. Aloysius School. Shawano: Sacred 
 Heart School. Sparta: (d) St. Patrick’s School. Steven’s Point: (d) St. Peter's School.— 
 (d) St. Stephen's School. St. Mary's Ridge: (d) St. Mary's School. South Kaukauna: (d> St. 
 Mary's School. Sturgeon Bay: (d) Holy Guardian Angels’ School. Two Rivers: (d) St. Luke's 
 School. Wausau: (d) St. Mary’s School. West Depcre: (d) St. Joseph's School. Wouduillc: 
 (d) St. John’s School. 
 
 AWARDS TO CHRISTIAN BROTHERS’ SCHOOLS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 
 
 Belgium. — Carlsbourg: Brother Alexis. 
 
 England.— London: TootirigfCollege. Manchester: St. Joseph's Industrial School. 
 
 France.— Arbois: Brothers’School. Alais: Brothers’School. Beaune {Cote D'or): School 
 of La Madaleine. Beauvais (Oisci: Brothers'Boarding School and Brothers’ Agricultural 
 School. Bedarieux ( Herault ): (d) Brothers’ School. Beryues: Brothers' School. Beziers 
 ( Heraull ): Brothers’ School. Bordeaux: Brothers' Boardi 11 r School.—Brothers’ Central 
 School.—Brother Leobert, and St. Paul, St. Eulalia. Sacred Heart, St. Julian, Notre Dame, 
 
 St. Martial. St. Bruno. St.. Ferdinand, St. Charles. St. Nicholas and St. Scurin's Schools). 
 Cambrai: Brothers'School. Carcassonne {Aude): Brothers’ School. Charleville: Brothers’ 
 School. Chamberry (Savoy): Brothers'School. Chartres: Brothers School. Cette {Herault i: 
 Brothers'School. Dijon: Brothers’ School. De La Roche (Haute Savoy): (d) Brothers’School. 
 Douai: Brothers' School of Mechanic Arts. Fourvhambault: Brothers' School. Gray 
 (Haute Saone): Brothers’School. Havre: Notre Dame. St. Mary's and St. Michael’s Schools. 
 Hazcbrouk: Brothers’ School. La Motte (Savoy): Brothers’ School. Landivlscau (Finistere): 
 (d) Brothers’School. Laurac: Brothers’School. Lille: St. Luke's School, and St. Peter’s 
 Science and Art School. Lyons: De La Salle School for Mechanics. Marmandc: Brothers’ 
 School. Metiers: Brothers' School. Montpellier: Brothers’ School. Moulin: Brothers' 
 School. Nancy. Brothers’School. Nantes: Brothers'School. Ormans (Daubs): Brothers’ 
 School. Paris: Most Honored Brother Joseph. Superior General—over two hundred 
 school exhibits from Europe and America. Brothers of the Christian Schools—one 
 hundred school exhibits from Belgium, England. France, Spain, Switzerland and Isle of 
 Mauritius. Brothers’Procure Generale—live exhibits of appliances for teaching Science 
 and Art. St. Ambrose School.—St. Clotilde School.—(d) St. Denis of R. S. School.—(d) St. 
 Germain L’ftuxerois.—(d) St. Joseph’s Commercial School.—St. Nicholas’ Professional 
 Trades School. Issy-sur-Scinc: St. Nicholas' School. Igny-Scine-et-Uisc: St. Nicholas’ 
 School.—(d) St. Suipice School. Perpignan: Brothers'School. Privas (Ardechc): (d) Bro¬ 
 thers'School. Rlieims: Brother Arille. Rouen: Brothers’ Commercial School. St. Amund, 
 Les Eaux(Nord): Brothers’School. St. Etienne (Loire): Brothers’Select and Professional 
 School of Mines.—Brothers’ Deaf-Mute Industrial Institute. St. Laurant (Saturnine.): 
 Brothers'School. St. Martin D'Alnay: Brothers’ School. St. Omer (Pas-dc-Calais): Bro¬ 
 thers’School. Toulouse (St. Auban): Brothers’ School. Troyes: Brothers’School. 
 
 Spain.— Anas {Santander): Brothers’School. Castro (Urdialcs): Brothers' Boarding 
 School. Cobreces (Santander): Brothers’ School. Ducsto (Bilbao): Brothers' School. 
 Madrid: College of Nuestra Senora de las Maravillas.—(d) Santa Suzana School. —td) St. 
 Sebastian School.—(d)Orphanage and Industrial School of the Sacred Heart. Valladolid: 
 Santa Espina School.—Brothers' School. 
 
 Nova Scotia.—H alifax: (d) La Salle Academy. 
 
 BROTHERS OF MARY. 
 
 Hawaiian Islands -Honolulu: St. Louis College. Wailuku: (d, Catholic Mission 
 School. Hilo: (d) St. Mary’s School. 
 
 Awards by the Arcbbisbops of tbe United States. 
 
 TResoluticns acopteD bg tbe Brcbblsbops at tbeic /Meeting In Chicago, 
 September 14,1893. 
 
 The Archbishops of the United States of America, assembled in 
 Chicago, September 14, 1893, hereby express their appreciation of the 
 zeal of those who have responded to their invitation of July, 1890, to 
 unite in the National Catholic Educational Exhibit at the World’s 
 Columbian Exposition. 
 
 They cheerfully indorse the sentiment universally expressed as to 
 the high merit of all kinds of work from institutions of every grade 
 ranging from the kindergarten to the university and ecclesiastical sem¬ 
 inary. 
 
 In recognition of the services rendered the great cause of Catholic 
 Education by those who have in any way contributed to this magnifi¬ 
 cent exhibit, 
 
 Resolved, That we acknowledge the services of our beloved brother, Right 
 Reverend John Lancaster Spalding, to the Catholic Church in theUnited States, 
 in baviDg consented to assume the responsibility of President of the Catholic 
 Educational Exhibit, and in having guided this undertaking to a successful 
 issue by his wisdom, prudence and skill. 
 
 Resolved, That we express our sense of the value of the labors of Brother 
 Maurelian, secretary and manager, in the difficult work of directing the prepa¬ 
 ration and installation of the exhibits, and that we tender him our sincere thanks 
 for his services in behalf of Catholic Education. 
 
 Resolved, That we express our heartfelt pleasure and high appreciation of 
 the earnest efforts of our prelates, clergy, the religious of the various brother¬ 
 hoods and sisterhoods, secular educators, Catholic authors and publishers and 
 the laity in general, who have made this exhibit possible by their co-operation. 
 
 Resolved, That graded certificates of award be issued to institutions having 
 exhibits according to the extent and merit of each, and that fac-similes of the 
 signatures of His Holiness Pope Leo XIII., of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons, 
 and of Bishop Spalding be eDgraved on the certificates, and that they be coun¬ 
 tersigned by the secretary. 
 
 Resolved, That Right Reverend Bishop Spalding, president, be requested to 
 appoint a committee on awards to carry out the intent of the foregoing resolution. 
 
 Resolved, That we offer our grateful acknowledgments to the World’s Fair 
 Officials for their uniform kindness and courtesy to our representatives at the 
 World's Columbian Exposition. 
 
 Resolved, That these resolutions be spread on the minutes, and that they be 
 duly made known to all interested. 
 
 The Archbishops of the United States of America. 
 
 + P. W. Riordan, Archbishop of San Francisco, 
 Chairman Committee on Resolutions, Catholic Educational Exhibit. 
 Chicago, September 14,1893. 
 
 By direction of the Archbishops, a copy of the above resolutions was sent to 
 each of the following persons: Right Rev. J. L. Spalding; H. N. Higginbotham, 
 President; Director-General Davis ; Dr. Selim H. Peabody, Chief Liberal Arts; 
 John Boyd Thacher, Chief Bureau Awards, and Brother‘Maurelian. 
 
 To guard against misapprehension that could arise in some minds 
 on the subject of issuing Diplomas independent of those decreed by the 
 Bureau of Awards of the World’s Fair, Brother Maurelian, secretary and 
 
 249 
 
manager, explained the object of the Most Reverend Archbishops and 
 received in reply the following note from the Hon. J. W. Hoyt, repre¬ 
 sentative of the Bureau of Awards. 
 
 World's Columbian Exposition, Bureau ok Awards, ) 
 Administration Building, Jackson Park, s 
 
 Chicago, III., September 11,1893. ) 
 
 My Dear Brother Maurelian: Please understand that the Committee is 
 entirely in harmony with the wishes of their Graces, the Archbishops, and that 
 they desire me to extend to yourself as their representative, aB well as to them, 
 thanks for the courtesy implied by your mission. Humbly, but most sincerely, 
 
 Your friend and brother, 
 
 John W. Hoyt. 
 
 To carry into effect the wishes embodied in the resolutions b} r the Arch¬ 
 bishops, Right Reverend J. L. Spalding, D.D., Bishop of Peoria and President 
 of the Catholic Educational Exhibit, requested tfie following members to serve 
 a6 the Executive Committee on Awards: Rev. D. J. Riordan, Pastor St. Eliza- 
 
 The Archbishops’ Diplomas, as well as the Medals and Diplomas from the 
 World's Fair Committee, will be valuable souvenirs of the grealest and grandest 
 exposition the world ever saw. There were about 25,000 awards given at the 
 Chicago Exposition which it is claimed is a lower number than ever given by 
 any International World’s Fair. 
 
 Pope Ceo XTTI and Cardinal Rampolla Appreciate the Catholic 
 educational exhibit. 
 
 After closing the affairs of the Catholic Educational Exhibit, Brother 
 Maurelian prepared to leave for Europe to secure much needed rest and 
 to attend the General Chapter of his Order, at Athis Mons, Paris, to 
 which he had been elected a delegate. 
 
 
 im\u;\3a BUljU.v.r hjayJMBD^ lUY, 
 
 
 ,(). v (,\ OF UD.VOH 
 
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 ^ ///////t /// //././ 
 
 SPECIMEN OF DIPLOMA AWARDED TO INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING IN ACCORDANCE WITH RESOLUTIONS OF THE MOST REVEREND ARCHBISHOPS. 
 
 beth's Church, Chicago, Chairman ; Rev. M. J. Fitzsimons, Pastor Holy Name 
 Cathedral, Chicago; Wm. A. Amberg, President Columbus Club, Chicago; 
 Brother Maurelian, Secretary. 
 
 The Certificates were graded so as to be in keeping with the extent and 
 merits of the numerous exhibits. 
 
 A Committee of Judges was employed to examine and report to the Execu¬ 
 tive Committee, as to the extent and merits of each exhibit, and to suggest 
 which grade of Certificate should be decreed. 
 
 The Certificates were graded as follows : 1. Diploma of Honor. 2. Diploma. 
 3. Certificate of Merit. 4. Honorable Mention. 
 
 The Certificates contain the Portraits of His Holiness, Pope Leo XIII, Chris¬ 
 topher Columbus, Queen Isabella and George Washington, grouped around the 
 American Eagle. 
 
 The Certificates have the engraved facsimile signatures of Pope Leo XIII, 
 Cardinal Gibbons and Bishop Spalding, president. They are countersigned by 
 the secretary. 
 
 The Brother, in company with Brother Quintinian of Manhattan 
 College, New York, traveled through Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, 
 Switzerland, England and Ireland. 
 
 He visited many cities and their great churches, galleries, museums 
 and public institutions; especially those of Hamburg, Berlin, Cologne, 
 Paris, Lyons, St. Etienne, Avignon, Marseilles, Nice, Monaco, Genoa, 
 Pisa, Rome, Albano, Florence, Milan, Basle, London, Waterford, Cork 
 and Queenstown. 
 
 Of the audience with the Pope, the following account appeared in 
 the press: 
 
 Aside from the apparent feebleness in a venerable man of 85 years, the Holy 
 Father seemed in good health, full of energy, and with the intellectual vigor of 
 a man of 50. 
 
 On November 25, after having assisted at the Holy Father's mass, those so 
 
privileged were in turn presented to His Holiness. When the two Brothers 
 were introduced the Pope straightened in his chair, visibly brightened and with 
 evident joyous emotion said, “I am so glad to see American Brothers.” He 
 made many inquiries concerning Catholic education and Catholic schools in the 
 United States, and spoke of the Catholic Educational Exhibit as a very responsi¬ 
 ble and difficult task, by which great good had been accomplished, and of which 
 very much had been said in Rome. He inquired as to the number of Christian 
 Brothers in all America, and on hearing that there were nearly two thousand, 
 the Pope marveled and desired to know if their schools were appreciated, encour¬ 
 aged and well attended. He then exhorted the Brothers to work up all their 
 schools to the very highest degree of efficiency and gave them his blessing for 
 themselves, all their confreres, and all the pupils who attended their schools. 
 
 Brother Maurelian relates that in his travels in Europe he frequently 
 heard it said, “if our Bishops in France and Italy would unite on im¬ 
 portant measures, as the Cardinal and the Bishops in the United States 
 did in the matter of the Catholic Educational Exhibit, they could accom¬ 
 plish wonderful results.” 
 
 It was at Bishop Spalding’s suggestion that Brother Maurelian pre¬ 
 sented elegantly bound copies of the Final Report of the Catholic Edu¬ 
 cational Exhibit to the Holy Father and Cardinal Rampolla. The 
 Pope’s Secretary of State acknowledged the reports in a letter of which 
 the following is a translation : 
 
 TRANSLATION OF CARDINAL RAMPOLLA’S LETTER TO 
 BROTHER MAURELIAN. 
 
 Reverend Brother: 
 
 Your valued gift of a copy of the Final Report of the Catholic Educational 
 Exhibit at the Chicago Exposition has been very agreeable to me; not less agree¬ 
 able to the Holy Father has been the other copy which I hastened to offer him 
 in your name. 
 
 Although the august Pontiff and myself were fully aware of the happy suc¬ 
 cess of this undertaking and of the honor which thereby accrued to Catholic 
 education, it is nevertheless gratifying for us to learn that the courtesy and lib¬ 
 erality of the chief officers of the exposition materially aided its success, 
 especially Hon. George R. Davis, Director General; Dr. S. H. Peabody, Chief of 
 Department of Liberal Arts and Hon. John Boyd Thaeher, Chief of Bureau of 
 Awards, to whom you justly give a tribute of praise and of thanks. 
 
 Receive for yourself the deserved encomiums which in the name of His Holi¬ 
 ness and also in my own name I tender you for the share which you have had in 
 the gratifying results cf the exposition. 
 
 At the same time that I thank you for your offering, I also impart to you the 
 Apostolic Benediction which the Holy Father with all his heart bestows upon 
 you and upon those who have co operated in this laudable enterprise, and with 
 sentiments of very sincere esteem I subscribe myself 
 
 Reverend Dear Sir. 
 
 _ Rome, November 20,1894. 
 
 Most affectionately in the Lord, 
 
 -(-M. Cardinal Rampolla. 
 
 To Rev. Bro. Maurelian , Rome. 
 
 It is gratifying to all who have had a share in the exhibits to note 
 the joy and appreciation of the Supreme Head of the Church at the 
 success of this great undertaking. 
 
 Catholic educational Bureau, magazine, and other enterprises. 
 
 Twenty years ago, 1876, Bishop Spalding in “ Essays and Reviews ” wrote : 
 
 “The great need of the Church In this country is the organization of priests and 
 people for the promotion of Catholic interests. * * * American Catholics should take 
 up works that do not specially concern any one Diocese more than another, hut whose 
 significance will he as wide as the nation’s life." 
 
 The marvelous success of the Catholic Educational Exhibit due to the 
 organization and co-operation of bishops, clergy, teachers anct people is proof of 
 the power and possibilities of united effort. There is no calculating what might 
 be done in the United States for the spread of religion, education, morality and 
 the promotion of literature, art, etc., had we a Catholic Educational Bureau 
 with its Catholic Educational Magazine, to collect information and give out news 
 of the progress of our schools, and all matter that enters into the best of educa¬ 
 tional journals. What could not a Catholic Press Association do to be of service 
 to Catholic papers and through them to our people? In the same way, what 
 could not organizations accomplish in promoting education and charities of var¬ 
 ious kinds? Of course such enterprises would need the sanction and the en¬ 
 couraging moral and active support of bishops and clergy, and they should be 
 officered by persons of unquestioned integrity and of high literary executive 
 and financial ability. In his article in the Catholic World, July, 1892, Bishop 
 Spalding asks : 
 
 Is it. not probable tbat the Catholic Educational Exhibit and the Congress of Cath¬ 
 olic Teachers will lead to the founding of a Catholic Educational Magazine? Catholic 
 newspapers we have—too many of them! possibly. Catholic reviews and magazines we 
 also have; but we have no periodical of any significance devoted to the cause of Catholic 
 education. The establishing of a periodical of this kind, with competent editors, would 
 certainly be a safe venture from a financial point of view. We have nearly four thousand 
 
 schools, and the heads of a very large number of them, at least, would take such a maga¬ 
 zine, and among its subscribers would be found all the priests who are really interested 
 in education. As an advertising medium it would have special advantages. What 
 more interesting subject is there than education? It is a question of life, of religion, of 
 country; it Is a question of science and art; it is a question of p ditics, of progress, of 
 civilization; it is a question even of commerce, of production, of wealth. What could be 
 more instructive than a series of articles on the history of education, on the great teach¬ 
 ers and educational reformers, on pedagogics as a science and as an art; on educational 
 methods; on the bearing of psychology upon questions of education; on hygiene in its 
 relations to the health of teachers and pupils; on the educational values of the various 
 branches of knowledge; on personal influence as a factor in education; on the best means 
 of forming a true religious character ? 
 
 An educational magazine would become the organ of the great and growing system 
 of Catholic schools. In its pages the practical and speculative questions which are con¬ 
 stantly suggesting themselves to teachers would he discussed, and thus the body of 
 Catholic educators would be brought into active, intelligent communion with one 
 another." 
 
 An eminent Jesuit Father in Detroit wrote on this subject: 
 
 '• Few enterprises, as far as my knowledge goes, have done more to lift the hopes and 
 ambitions of Catholics in this country to higher and better things in the matter of educa¬ 
 tional development. The only regret that attaches to its recollection, is, that it was so 
 short-lived. But even this may be remedied with time. When Catholics have devised 
 some scheme for the constant interchange of ideas upon pedagogical subjects-whether 
 through the medium of a magazine or otherwise—then the work (Catholic Educational 
 Exhibit) which was inaugurated so successfully, will become permauent and productive 
 of ever-increasing results.' 
 
 F. M. Edselas in the Catholic World, February, 1893, wrote: 
 
 •‘As a means to this end, in connection with the Catholic Educational Exhibit at 
 Chicago, under the able management of Brother Maurelian. could not a Teachers’ Bureau 
 be permanently established there? Let it be placed in the hands of the most zealous 
 leaders of the profession, and equipped to do a great and beneficial work. Those pledged 
 heart and soul to this enterprise, working for mutual good, aided by wise suggest ions 
 born of personal experience, will do much to smooth difficulties that retard the teacher’s 
 work. Active members of the profession can best settle that vexed question cf religious 
 and secular instruction in schools. Purest water comes directly from the fountain-head. 
 
 Suggestions will be gladly .ecelved, shaping course of study, discipline, requirements 
 for teachers, etc., they being ex-offlcio members of the bureau. These observations duly 
 reported at headquarters, shall be open for discussion through a first-class educational 
 journal, so indispensable for the work in hand; the latter proposal having already been 
 anticipated by that prince of the church and of educators, Itiglit ltev. Bishop Spalding, 
 of Peoria. 
 
 While distinctly Catholic, let both the bureau and its journal be distinctly American. 
 Love for church and country must be mutual, each intensifying the other. This work, 
 indeed, is a national affair, we realize it daily more and more. Our education gauges our 
 civilization, and our civilization our education. Guided by such sentiments we will re¬ 
 form our Republic on the basis of the old. Eliminating defects, a stronger, nobler char¬ 
 acter will mark its dealings at home and abroad. 
 
 In anticipation of such aboon, and emphasizing the idea that “prevention is better 
 than cure,” that civilization can do more to check crime than the hangman's rope, a 
 sort of educational quarantine might not come amiss, making school attendance compul¬ 
 sory; thus eradicating from the body politic ignorance and vice, with its train of con¬ 
 tagious evils. 
 
 Ohio and Colorado have taken hold of the matter in earnest, accepting no excuse for 
 non-attendance on the score of indigence, since they furnish not only books but clothing 
 for those unable to procure them. As much, perhaps, might be done for needy pupils in 
 Catholic schools through the bureau. Its advantages will soon appear, both in morals 
 and economics. But primarily this bureau will become a channel for the broader culture 
 of Catholic teachers, through united effort, giving access to whatever is an advantage in 
 their profession, evolving the best methods, and consequently the best results. The want 
 of this unity has been the chief obstacle tosuccess. 
 
 With the journal it will prove a combination in its best sense, teachers of both sexes 
 being admitted to its privileges. Formerly sucli organizations, limited to man, left woman 
 isolated, a prey to her whims, fancies, and what-nots. She could not intrude on man's 
 domain and still preserve her prestige. Such was the verdict. 
 
 What. then, is woman’s sphere? Its limits are boundless as the horizon, and as the 
 vaulted arch of heaven. Wherever her ability and its needs can find a footing, there let 
 her advance. True to the instincts of Christian womanhood, no barrier need check her 
 progress. An innate sense of the fitness of things will be her safeguard. Such helpers as 
 these are needed everywhere, and thank God! not found wanting. 
 
 Through the proposed bureau views and plans will harmonize, placing the teacher's 
 work on a solid basis. Jealousies and rivalries must then cease. If your school is better 
 than mine, gladly will I avail myself of its advantages; if I, too. have scored some good 
 points, as readily will I return the favor. One heart and soul then animates the work. 
 
 Parochial schools will share in these benefits. Many of them in the larger cities do 
 excellent work, hardly to be surpassed, but in some of the smaller parishes there is special 
 need of just such light and aid as the bureau and journal can give. Did you know tbat 
 14,215,671 children are now under the instruction of 425.000 teachers in the public, private, 
 and parochial schools of the United States? Many of these fall under the influence of 
 Catholic teachers. In a decade or two they become citizens of our Republic. 
 
 What a power, then, to-day in the hands of every educator! Our purpose and its 
 fulfilment in this work seals the judgment of the Almighty for them and for us. 
 
 With even more emphasis might Frances Anne Kemble say to the teachers of to-day 
 than to some young college graduates years ago: 
 
 “ A sacred burden is the life you bear; 
 
 Look on it, lift it. bear it solemnly; 
 
 Stand up and walk beneath it steadfastly. 
 
 Fail not for sorrow, falter not for sin, 
 
 But onward, upward, till the goal ye win.” 
 
 The proposed bureau will be a sort of Signal Service Corps, a beacon-light. Thrice 
 blessed will be the aid and knowledge thereby gained. Much good wheat can be found 
 when the chaff is thus well winnowed. To facilitate this work it could be under the con¬ 
 trol of a board of directors, composed of one from each diocese, t he teachers thus confer¬ 
 ring with their respective heads or delegates. A director-in-cliief should have charge of 
 the council thus formed, elected by its members, and in perfect sympathy with their 
 views and plans. 
 
 One occupying such a position should be a representative Catholic citizen, with both 
 elbows free, not hampered or guided by mere personal theories or self-interest, in no 
 sense a crank, but, while open to conviction, yet working steadily and solely for the best 
 interests of the organization. 
 
 With such a leader, just think what a world of good might be accomplished! Old fads 
 and fancies would yield to better judgment and wisdom. Suggestions might, no doubt, 
 conflict at times; but if the shoes pinch, we need another pair. Th's 1 think, I believe, 
 "big I and little you.'’ might do well enough for the old woman who lived in a nut-shell, 
 but we’ve rented a broader domain. Your knowledge, my friend, may be above the 
 
average, but hardly sufficient to eclipse the united wisdom of the hundreds and thousands 
 to be enrolled in the bureau. 
 
 Our right reverend bishops and clergy will certainly give their sanction to and 
 support most cordially an enterprise that must so directly promote the welfare of each 
 diocese, at the same time relieving them of much care and responsibility. No important- 
 step will, of course, be taken without their hearty approval and co-operation. 
 
 Many schools in one diocese often defeat success, being too heavy a tax upon the 
 people who. as a class, have all they can do to keep their own pots boiling, without help¬ 
 ing to feed their neighbors' fires. 
 
 To relieve such a burden, let college and academy be established pro rata the 
 inhabitants and their bank accounts. Competition has had too much of the say-so in 
 this matter. Entering a field already occupied, perhaps in a “booming" town, the party 
 soon found itself pushing or pu«hed to the wall, even at the expense of the beautiful law 
 of Christian charity. Rivalry may be admissible, within limits, in business transactions, 
 but hardly in the matters we are discussing. Let Christian courtesy prevail. Not the 
 survival of the strongest, but of the fittest. Do we not, through a mistaken zeal, or from 
 self-interest, too often lose sight of this spirit of charity? ” 
 
 Prelates, clergy, religious and lay teachers have repeatedly expressed the 
 hope that “ A Catholic Educational Magazine ” would become a reality. Our 
 Catholic periodicals have lauded the idea and commented upon the great advan¬ 
 tages of such a magazine. Hon. John Eaton, in his review of the exhibits, 
 mentions it enquiringly. 
 
 Special Subjects. 
 
 The limits of this publication merely permit a brief reference to important 
 subjects, which in themselves are worthy of special chapters. Catholic Educa¬ 
 tion Day was a notable event of the World’s Fair and in the history of Catholic 
 education. Festival Hall, gayly decorated, witnessed an assembly of eleven pre¬ 
 lates, hundreds of the clergy, and members of the teaching Brotherhoods, eight 
 hundred of the various Sisterhoods, and about seven thousand of the laity, with a 
 large representation of World's Fair officials and non-Catholic educators. The 
 learned and eloquent addresses by Archbishops Feehan, Ryan and Hennessy, 
 Bishop Spalding, Hon. Morgan J. O’Brien, of New York Supreme Court, and Hon. 
 Thos. J. Gargan, were listened to with respectful attention. Dr. Selim H. Peabody, 
 Chief of Liberal Arts, on behalf of the World's Fair extended a welcome in 
 every way worthy of the occasion and of the distinguished visitors present. One 
 of the great Exposition bands and the magnificent concert organ of Festival Hall 
 contributed to the pleasure of the solemn occasion. A full account of the pro¬ 
 ceedings, and all of the addresses published in J. S Hyland & Co.'s " Columbian 
 Catholic Congresses” and in Brother Maurelian's “Final Report.” 
 
 Bishop Spalding's plea for “ Pure Morals at the World's Fair” and a “ Pro¬ 
 test" (issued later under the Bishop's direction) against exhibiting indecent pic¬ 
 tures at the Exposition, forms another interesting topic. This subject also 
 includes the correspondence between Brother Maurelian and the chief of the 
 Fine Arts Department. A full account is contained in the Final Report-, 
 pages 43 to 512. The Review of Exhibits, John J. Shea's article of the Catholic 
 World, Press Notices, Normal Colleges and Schools, the Religious State, the 
 Christian Educator, etc., etc , are all interesting chapters in the Final Report, 
 well worthy of the reader’s attention and of which mere mention can here be 
 made. 
 
 The appreciation of Hon. John Eaton, Ph. D., LL., D-, ex commissioner of the 
 U. S. Bureau of Education, in the American Catholic Quarterly, January, 1895, 
 is very valuable testimony ; he characterized the exhibit “phenomenal ” and the 
 installation, *• marvelous .” The report of the U. S. Commissioner of Education 
 for 189:2-1893 contains many references concerning the exhibits and these will be 
 of deep interest to Catholic schools. 
 
 Bishop Spalding’s Authorization to Brother maurelian. 
 
 At the request of the Archbishops of the United States I have consented to 
 become the acting President of the Catholic Educational Exhibit of the Colum¬ 
 bian World's Fair, to be held in Chicago in 1893, and at their request and with 
 the consent of his superiors, Brother Maurelian has consented to become the 
 Manager of this Exhibit. I hereby authorize him to enter upon the duties of 
 his office and to do whatever he may think necessary to the success of the under¬ 
 signed) -|-J. L. Spalding, 
 
 Peoria, April 17th, 1892. Bishop Peoria. 
 
 SEAL OF THE CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT, WORLD’S COLUMBIAN 
 EXPOSITION, 1893. 
 
 Specially designed for the Exhibit. A beautiful blending of the religious 
 and the material in the discovery of America. 
 
 funds. 
 
 One of the most perplexing questions that presented itself was how to 
 secure a sufficient amount of money to meet the expenses of preparing, 
 installing and caring for the exhibits, and ultimately for winding up 
 affairs. There was no fund anywhere from which an appropriation 
 could be secured. Voluntary gilts from generous persons in sympathy 
 with the great cause of Catholic education, and the generosity of those 
 taking part in the exhibit in bearing a pro rata of the expenses, ap¬ 
 peared to be the only solution of this embarrassing problem. 
 
 No one, unless actually engaged in the work, could in any degree 
 form an estimate of the probable expense of carrying out an exhibit on 
 so large a scale. 
 
 Had there been sufficient funds at the start, the installation could 
 have been made much more rapidly and completely, and many impor¬ 
 tant measures could have been carried through, which, owing to lack of 
 funds, could not be undertaken. 
 
 The Archbishops, at their meeting in St. Louis, agreed to contribute 
 to the general expenses, and to invite their suffragans to do likewise. 
 At their annual meeting in New York the Archbishops issued the fol¬ 
 lowing letter: 
 
 New York, Nov. 18,1892. 
 
 To the Clergy and Catholic Laity of the United States- 
 
 Reverend Fathers—Dear Brethren : The Superiors and Directors of our 
 schools have begun the preparatory work of holding a Catholic Educational Ex¬ 
 hibit at the Columbian Exposition, and we have received assurance from them 
 that ample material will be provided to illustrate our educational work and 
 methods. The holding of this educational exhibit involyes a considerable outlay 
 of money. The various institutions which take part in the exhibit will, it is 
 true, bear a portion of the expense, but if the project is to be entirely successful 
 we must have a fund upon which we may draw to provide whatever may be 
 necessary to make the exhibit worthy of our zeal and labors in the -cause of 
 Christian education. The Secretary and Manager mu6t receive pay for his 
 work; a bureau of information, with salaried clerks, must be kept; circulars, 
 pamphlets and catalogues of the exhibit must be published and distributed, and 
 the rooms in which the exhibits will be placed must be adorned and made at¬ 
 tractive. It is also the intention to make a complete collection of books written 
 in English by Catholic authors, and to publish a souvenir volume, giving 
 a history of Catholic education in the United States. In fact, the managers are 
 anxious’to make this exhibit so complete and so interesting that it will become 
 and remain a memorable event in the history of American Catholic education. 
 
 But to do this they must have sufficient means at their disposal, and. since 
 this is a private enterprise, they are compelled to appeal to the Catholic clergy 
 and laity to come to their aid. The Holy Father has sent his apostolic blessing 
 to all who take part in this work, and we feel confident that arguments are not 
 needed to induce the Catholic clergy and laity to contribute what will be amply 
 sufficient to make our Catholic Educational Exhibit, which will be the only dis¬ 
 tinctively Catholic feature in the World’s Fair, one of the most important and 
 valuable'departments. Not in our day shall we again have such an opportunity 
 to bring our e lucational work, which is 60 intimately associated with all our 
 higher interests as Catholics and Americans, to public attention and inspection. 
 For multitudes this exhibit will be the standard whereby they will measure the 
 worth and efficiency of our system and methods. Let no one remain indiff rent 
 where such interests are involved. If the exhibit is what we have reason to bebeve 
 it will be.it will awaken new zeal, and give a fresh impulse to the cause of 
 Catholic education in the United States. We confidently believe that this 
 appeal will meet with a generous response from the rich and poor alike, and that 
 multitudes of the faithful shall have the satisfaction to know that they have p irt 
 in this work. 
 
 Contributions may be sent to Right Rev. J. L. Spalding. D.D.. president of 
 the Catholic Educational Exhibit, northeast corner Thirty-fifth and Wabash 
 avenue. Chicago, III. 
 
 [Signed by the Archbishops.] 
 
 This letter was widely circulated, and notwithstanding the general 
 depression and extraordinary demands upon their generosity, the pub¬ 
 lished financial statement given below shows how much our people 
 have the cause of education at heart. In many Dioceses, prelates re¬ 
 quested the pastors to have a special collection, or to raise funds as in 
 their judgment they deemed best. 
 
 Archbishop Katzer, of Milwaukee, in his circular on the subject, 
 wisely suggested that “ parishes not represented in the exhibit, or not 
 supporting Catholic schools, were for this reason better able to contri¬ 
 bute in aid of an undertaking that ought to be of interest to all.” 
 
 RECEIPTS FOR EXPENSES OF DIOCESAN EXHIBITS. 
 
 Brooklyn. $500; Buffalo. 900.78; Chicago. 7.164.18; Cleveland, 800; Covington, 209.11; 
 Denver. 210; Dubuque. 700; Detroit, 265; Ft. Wayne, 400; Green Bay, 335.30; Lacrosse. 210.- 
 00; Manchester, 250; Milwaukee. 430; Natchez. 100: New Orleans, 30"; New York, 2,450; 
 Pittsburgh, GOO; Philadelphia, 1.1G8 45; San Francisco. 1,578.99; Sioux Falls, 100. 
 
 Total from Diocesan Exhibits, $18,672.47. 
 
 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD THE CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT FROM 
 PRELATES NOT HAVING DIOCESAN EXHIBITS. 
 
 Baltimore. ?BS5: Boston, 250; St. Paul. 100; Sante Fe. ICO; Albany. 200; Alton. 525; 
 Belleville. 110; Burlington. 32; Dallas,50; Davenport,50; Duluth. 50; Grand Rapids, 10; 
 Kansas City. 156,50; Mobile. 100; Monterey and Los Angeles, 150; Nashville. 100; Ogdens- 
 burgli,75; Omaha; 200; Portland. Me.. 100; Providence, 200; Sacramento. 150; St. An 
 gustine, 50: San Antonio. 50; Springfield. 50; Vincennes. 642.34; Brownsville. 5; North 
 Carolina. 30: Washington, D. C., Catholic University of America, 134. 
 
 Total contributions from Prelates not having Diocesan exhibits, $4,:i44.S4. 
 
 233 
 
Receipts from religious teaching orders having collective 
 
 EXHIBITS OR GROUPS OF EXHIBITS. 
 
 Brothers of Mary. Dayton, Ohio, $481.52; Brothers of the Sacred Heart, Indianapolis, 
 Ind., 3187.45; Brothers of the Christian Schools of France. Spain, England and Belgium, 
 31.116.43; Christian Brothersof theU. S., $2,133.51; Sisters of Charity, Emmittsburg, Md.,S26; 
 Congregation de Notre Dame. Archdiocese of Boston, S120; Sisters of Divine Providence, 
 Cas rovillo, Texas, $30.42; Sisters of St. Francis. Oldenburg, Ind., $25; Sisters of Loretto. 
 Loretto, Ky.. $216.13; Sisters of Precious Blood. O’Fallon, Mo.. 342.76; Sisters of Providence. 
 Vigo County, Ind., $72.75; School Sisters of Notre Dame, Milwaukee and Baltimore.3325; 
 Sisters of St. Joseph, St. Louis District, $123.47. 
 
 Total receipts from collective or grouped exhibits, $4,898.44. 
 
 RECEIPTS FOR INDIVIDUAL EXHIBITS AND INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Arcadia, Mo., UrsulineCollege. S20; Chicago, Ill., Sisters of Mercy. All Saints' School. 
 $100; Chicago. Ill., Sisters of Mercy, Holy Angels’ Academy. $95.28; Chicago. III., Sistersof 
 Mercy, St. Gabriel's School, $40 00; Columbus, Ohio, Papal Josephinum College. 3308.05; 
 Council Bluffs. Iowa. Sisters of Charity. B. V. M„ St. Francis Academy, $17.85; Ft. Wayne. 
 Brothersof the Holy Cross, $27.04; Ferdinand, Ind., Benedictine Sisters. $5: LaSalle. III.. 
 St. Vincent’s School, Sistersof Charity, $10; Marysville. Cal., College of Notre Dame. S10; 
 Mobile, Ala., Visitation Academy, $20: Nashville, Tenn., St. Bernard’s Convent, Sistersof 
 Mercy, $5; Nashville, Tenn.. St. Joseph’s School, Sisters of Mercy, $40; Nauvoo, Ill , St. 
 Mary’s Academy. Benedictine Sisters, $5; New Lexington. Ohio. St. Aloysius Academy, 
 Sisters of St. Francis, $12.50; Memphis, Tenn., St. Patrick's School. Sisters of Charity. Naz¬ 
 areth, $54 25; Memphis, Tenn., Ashe Art School, $35; Norfolk, Va., St. Mary's-School. Sisters 
 of Charity. $5; Notre Dame, Ind., Notre Dame University. Congregation of the Holy 
 Cross. $360.19; Notre Dame. Ind.. Bishops' Memorial Hall and Catholic Reference Library. 
 $425; Odgensburg, N. V.. Gray Nuns, St, Mary’s Academy $12.25; Ottawa. III., Sisters of 
 Mercy, St. Francis Xavier's Academy. $10: Philadelphia. Pa.. League of the Sacred Heart, 
 $47.50; Philadelphia, Pa.. American Catholic Historical Society, $40; Pine Bluff, Ark.. An¬ 
 nunciation Academy and Colored Industrial School. Sisters of Charity (Nazareth). $205.81; 
 Portsmouth, Va., Cathedral School. Sisters of Charity, $5; Racine, Wis.. St. Catherine's 
 Academy, Dominican Sisters. $25; St. Augustine, Fla.. St. Joseph’s Academy. Sisters of- 
 St. Joseph, S22.10; St. Louis. Mo.. Ursuline Academy. $20; St. Peter's Mission, Mont., Ursu- 
 lino Nuns. $35.00; Seattle, Wash., Sacred Heart School, Dominican Sisters, $26.80; West¬ 
 chester. N. Y., New York Catholic Protectory, $500; Toledo, Ohio, St. Francis de Sales 
 School, $48; Grass Valley. Cal., Mt. St. Mary’s Academy, Sistersof Mercy, $120. 
 
 Total from Individual exhibits, $2,740.22. 
 
 RECEIPTS FOR EXPENSES OF “ CATHOLIC EDUCATION DAY,” 
 
 SEPT. 2d, 1893. 
 
 Rev. Hugh McGuire, St. James’ Church. Chicago, Ill.. $25; Rev. P..T. Muldoon, Chancel¬ 
 lor Cathedral, Chicago. III.. $25; Rev. P. Hodnett. Chicago, ill., $5: Brothersof the Christian 
 Schools. New York. $40; Rev. F. Gunn, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, $5; Rev. Brother Pius, De La 
 Salle Institute, Chicago, Ill.. 88; Rev. Brother Victor, St. John's School. Baltimore, Md.. 
 $5; Rev. F. M. Li eh n a. $7.50; Rev. J. O. Naacke. Carroll. Iowa, $5; Rev. Tlios. Rowe, Straw¬ 
 berry. Pt... Iowa. $5; School Sisters of Notre Dame. Baltimore. Md., $5; Rev. G. W. Herr, 
 $5; Sistersof Notre Dame. Marysville, Cal., $5; Rev. M. Meagher. Ackley, Iowa. $5: Rev. 
 F. J. Browne, S6; Sisters of Notre Dame. Cincinnati. Ohio. $5. Sundry Contributions, $17,85. 
 Total, $177.35. 
 
 Received from Institutions for Expenses. Engraving. Printing and Clerks expenses 
 Archbishops’Awards, SI,014; Received from sale of Catalogue. $30.70; received Salvage, 
 Lumber, Furniture, etc.. $531.43; received from Catholic Reference Library. Notre Dame, 
 Ind.. amount to cover expenses collecting Columbian Library, Catholic Authors, etc., $5C0. 
 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 
 Alabama.— Cullman, Rt. Rev. B. Menges, O. S. B. Abbot, So. Mobile, Rev. Francis 
 Lonergan. S. J.. President Spring Hill College. $20; Rev. Jos. Raduit. S. J.. 5; Visitation 
 Convent, 10; Miss Mary McGill, 10. Montgomery, R. D. Savage, 5. Sundry persons in small 
 sums, 2.75. 
 
 Arkansas.— Little Bock, Sisters of Mercy, $5. 
 
 California.— Beremla, Michael Joice, $10. Jackson. Rev. P. J. Van Scliie, 6. Locliford, 
 Rev. Father Quill. 6. Marysville. College of Notre Dame. 20; Rev. M. Coleman. 5. Oakland, 
 Manuel Lopez. 5; St. Mary’s College. 105; Eugene Kelly. 5. Petaluma, G. Guglillmetti, 5. 
 Bio Vista, Joseph Brunning, 5. San Diego, Anonymous. 10. San Francisco, Very Rev. H. 
 Irnoda, S. J.. President St. Ignatius College, 100; Rev. P. C. Yorke. 50; Rev. Leo Bruener. O. 
 
 5. F., 10; Gentlemen's Sodality, B. V. M., St. Ignatius’ Church, 10; Sisters of the Holy 
 Family, 10: George Jobst, 6; Emery La Vallee, 5; Sistersof Mercy, 5. Los Angeles. Catho¬ 
 lic Beneficial Association, 10. North Tcmcscal, Catholic Knights of America. Branch 019, 
 
 6. Vallejo, Adela Vallejo, 5. Watsonville, Rev. M.Marron, 5. Yolo, Mrs. A. Brummerly, 5. 
 Sundry persons in small sums. 4.75. 
 
 Colorado.— Denver, Rev. J. Marra. S. J.. Sacred Heart College. $10. 
 
 Connecticut.— New Britain, Rev. M. Tierney, $10. Waterbury, Rev. Jno. J. Duggan, 5. 
 Delaware.— Wilmington, Cash. 31- 
 
 District of Columbia.— Washington, Thos. E. Waggaman. 50: B. J. Coyle, 10; Very 
 Rev. J. A. Stephen, 5; Ada S. Reid, 6; Kate V. Egan, 5; Frank II. Jones, 5. In small 
 amounts, 3.78. 
 
 Idaho. —Bofee City, Rev. J. Vander Heydon, 5. 
 
 Illinois.— Alton, Rev. F. Melzle, 310. Aurora. Rev. James Cote, 10. Belvidcre, Rev. 
 Thos. Finn, 5. Bloomington, V. Rev. M. Weldon. 5. Brecsc, Rev. August Reincke. 6. Bunk¬ 
 er Hill, Bev. F. H. Zabel, D. D.. 6. Champaign, Rev. A. J. Wagner, 20. Chicago, Wm A. 
 Amberg, President Columbus Club, 100; D. F. Bremner, 50; Frank Headen, 50; A friend, 
 60; J. S. Hyland, 40; Rev. V. Barzinski, 25; Chas. A. Mair, 25; Rev. M. J. Corbett, 10; Mrs. P. 
 J. McMahon, 10; Kilian Mueller, 10: John Gainor, 10; P. T. Barry, 5; T. J. Brossnan, 5; 
 J. H. Burke, 5; C. P. Caldwell, 5; A. Dueber, 5; A. W. Garre. 5; G. J. Geldermann, 5; Thos. 
 F. Hogan, 5; Ernest Hecliinger. 5; Washington Hesing, 6; Rev. P. N. Jaeger, O. S. B.,5; 
 Mrs. K. Jamison. 5; Louis Machisicki, 5; Mrs. H. Sheeler, 5; School Sisters of Notre Dame, 
 Hudson Ave., 5; Sisters’ Congregation do Notre Dame, Vernon Park Place. 5; John 
 Sweeney. 5; Rev. A. Tolton, 5; Mrs. J. Wall. 5. Danville, V. Rev. B. J. O'Reilly (now at 
 Peoria’. 25. Dixon, Rev. J. L. Maloney, 5. Dwight, Rev. F. B. Moore. 5. Effingham, St. An¬ 
 thony's Congregation, 15; Rev. P. R. Ducey, 5. Evanston, Mrs. J. 0. Connor, 5. Freeport, 
 Rev. C. Kalvelage. 5. Fremont Centre, Rev. Joseph Rhode, 5. Highland, Rev. J. Meckel. 10. 
 Kampsville, Rev. C. Johanne. 5. Mascouth, Sisters of the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ, 
 5. Mendota, Rev. Peter Schmidt, 5; Henry Sondgerotli, 5. Mononlc, Rev. Innocent Bruns, 
 O. S. F., 5. Nauvoo, Benedictine Sisters, 5; Rev. H. J. Rlieinbold. 5; Rev. H. J. Rheinboldt's 
 Collection in Church, 26. New Berlin, Rev. John Mohr, 10. Newton, Rev. John Molltor, 5. 
 Ottawa, Sisters of Mercy, 5. Paplneau. Rev. John Rouquie. 5. Pent. Rev. M. Heafy, 30. 
 Quincy, Rev. M. Weiss, 20. Rutland, Rev. Chas. Schruppner, O. S. F.. 5. Tcutopolis. Rev. I’. 
 N. Leonard, O. S F., 10. Wapelta, Rev. N. A. Dowling. 5. Warsaw, Rev. J. C. Sehurz, 5. 
 Winona, Rev. J. J. Smith, 5. Received in small sums from various sources, 33.40. 
 
 Indiana.— Brookvi{h. Rev. M. Fieischmann, $10. Connellton, Rev. J. W. Book, 5. 
 Evansville, Frank Endless, 5. Fort Wayne, Joseph Geehren. 5; St. Mary’s School. 18.70. 
 Georgetown, A. SchlenDenherger. 5. La Fayette, Rev. J. H. Guendling. 5. Lawrcncehurgh, 
 Rev. J. H. Sondermann. 5; St. Lawrence School, 10.25; Mrs. A. D. Cook. 5. Mtllhausen. Rev. 
 J. P. Gillig, 10. Muncir. Rev. Wm. Schmidt, 5. Oldenburg. Franciscan Fathers. 5. Prescott. 
 Rev. G. W. Ginnez, 5. St. Leon, Chas. Krauss, 6. St. Peters. Joseph A. Fieischmann, 5. 
 South Bend, P. D. Brien. 5; Mrs. H. Byerly, 5. Spencer, Rev. P. B. Gerber, O. S. B.. St. 
 Meinrad's Abbey, 5; received in small sums, 9.23. 
 
 Iowa.— Fort Madison. V. Buechel, $5. Keokuk, Rev. Clement Lowrey. 5. LeMars, Mary 
 Geigeu, 6; Mrs. F. Etzel, 5. Lyons. Rev. J. A. Schults. 5. Manchester. Rev. J.J. Hawley, 5. 
 Bemsen, Rev. F. Schulte, 5. Washington. F. E. Swift. 5. West Point. Rev. Wm. Jacoby. 5. 
 
 Kansas.— Atchison, Right Rev. Innocent Wolf, O. S. B.. $5. Concordia, Nazareth Con¬ 
 vent, 5. Hanover, Joseph Heilman. 5; cash, small amounts. 4. 
 
 Kentucky.— Calvary. Rev. Edward J. Lynch. $10. Elizabethtown. Rev. II. Daly, 5. 
 Lebanon. Rev. P. De Fraine. 5. Louisville, Very Rev. M. W. Lawler. 10; Mrs. H. Poll, 7; Rev. 
 Gabriel Lipps. O. S. F„ 5; Sisters of Loretto. Eighth Street, 5; in small amounts. 5. 
 
 Louisiana.— IVcio Orleans, J. T. Gibbons. 25; Lawrence Fabacher, 25; College of the 
 Immaculate Conception, 18; Dominican Nuns, 5; St. Simeon’s Academy. 10; St. Joseph’s 
 School. Common street, 6; Ursuline Convent, 5; St. Joseph's Academy, 15; Mrs. 1,. New- 
 house. 5; Gustave Pitard, 5; In small amounts, 3. 
 
 Maine.—L ewiston, in small amounts. $4.44. 
 
 Maryland.— Baltimore, Rev. J. R. Slattery. $50; Michael Jenkins, 25; Rev. Thos. J. 
 Broydrick, 5. Emmittsburg, Mt. St. Mary's College. 50: Rev. Eow. McSweeny, 5. Em Ida, 
 Notre Dame Institute. 5. Ridgcly P. 0„ Rev. F. Wolf. O.S.B., 5. Sligo P. O., L. L. Brunett, 6. 
 
 Massachusetts.— Armstrong, Rev. John J. Nilan, $10. Blackslone, Rev. W. A. Power, 
 10. Boston, Very Rev. Wm. Byrnes. V. G.. 25; Rev. M. Moran, 25; Very Rev. O. B. Rex, S. J.. 
 5; Rev. .1. I. Frawley, C. SS. R.. 5; Henry Merten, 5. Brookline, Rev. L. J. Morris. Id. East 
 Hampton, Rev. F. Walshe, 5. Fall River, Rev. Owen Kiernan, 20. Lawrence, Rev. J. M. Por¬ 
 tal, S. M., 10. New Bedford. Rev. Anton Berube. 5. North Easton, Rev. W. J. McComlie, 10. 
 Pittsfield, Rev. T. N. Smith, 10. Salem. Rev. P. J. Hally, 5. Somcrsville, Rev. J. B. Galvin. 5. 
 Springfield, Rev. L. G. Gagnier. 5. Waltham, Rev. T. Brosnalian, 25; Mrs. Margaret Dolan 
 and others, 8. Ware. Rev. T. J. Sheehan, 5. Worcester, Rt. Rev. Mgr. Thos. Griffin, 6. lu 
 small amounts, 5.80. 
 
 Michigan.— Baraga, Sistersof St. Joseph. $5. Detroit, Charles P. Rabaut, 10; R v. F. 
 J. Van Antwerp, 10; Angelus Publishing Co., 5; Rev. Jos. Dombrowski, 5; Rev. M. P. Dow¬ 
 ling, S. J., 5; Very Rev. J. F. Friedland. 5; Polish Felician Sisters. 15. Cash, 3. Emmet. Rev. 
 John Lynch, 5. Escanaba, Rev. F. Lawrence, O. S. F., contributions per Wm. J. Martiers, 5; 
 Mr. and Mrs. James Powers. 5; John K. Stack. 5; Collections from people and children. 
 54.25. Grand Rapids. Rev. Jos. Bcnning. 5. Hamoek, Sisters of St. Joseph, 6. Monroe, Rev. 
 B. Schmittdiei. 10; Rev. Jas. A. Crowley, 5. Iron River, Rev. N. A. Nosblsch, 5. Westphalia, 
 John P. Arens, 5. 
 
 Minnesota.— Barry, Mrs. John Cregln, $5. Blooming Prairie. Rev. D. L. Murry, 5. Du¬ 
 luth, Michael Ralph, 5. Granville. Sisters of St. Joseph, 10. New Trier. Rev. Gregory Koer- 
 ing, 5. Rochester, Academy of Lourdes, 5. St. Paul. M. W. Cole, 10; P. J. O’Keefe, 5. In 
 small amounts, 5.10. 
 
 Mississippi.— Biloxi, Rev. F. J. Blanc. 35. Vicksburg, St. Aloysius’ Academy. 15; St. 
 Francis Xavier's Academy, 15; A. L. Jaquith. 5. 
 
 Missouri.— Arcadia, Rev. L. 0. Wernert. $5; Ursuline Convent. 20. Bayfield, Rev. A. 
 Schaefer. 5. Conception, Rt. Rov. F. Conrad, O. S. B., 20. Florrissant. Sisters of Loretto, 
 5. Hematite, Joseph Gatte. 5. Kirkwood, Very Rev. Wm. Loewekamp. 0. SS. R., 20. Louis¬ 
 iana, Denis Kelley, 5. Normandy, Very Rev. Peter Hanley, C. I’.. 25. O'Fallon, St. Mary’s 
 Institute. 5. Plattsburg, Rev. Denis Kiely, 5. Richfountain, Rev. Joseph Pape, 5. Sabula. 
 J. B. McDonald, 5. SI. Charles, Religious of the Sacred Heart. 5. Sf. Genevieve, Sistersof 
 St. Joseph, 5. St. Joseph, Academy of the Sacred Heart. 10. St. Louis. Very Rev. H. Muhl- 
 slepen, 10; Ursuline Convent. 125; Chas. Gerber. 6; J. B. Clements. 5; Jas. Downey, 10; J. 
 A. Massa. 5. St, Paul, Ursuline Sisters, 5. Washington, a collection, St. Francis Borgia 
 Church, 25. In small amounts from various cities, 13.25. 
 
 Montana— Butte, St. Patrick’s' School (Children). 833.60; Rev. II. J. Van De Yen. 5; 
 Rev. Cyrus I’anwelyn, 5. Frenchtown, Rev. H. Allacys, 5. 
 
 Nebraska.— Posen, Rev. L. Sebast’anski, S. J., $5. In small amounts. 2. 
 
 Nevada.— Virginia. Sisters of Charit y. St. Mary’s School. $10. 
 
 New 11A M I’S it ire.— Dover, Rev. John Casey, 35. Nashua, Sisters of the Holy Cross. 5; 
 Rev. B. 11. V. Millette. 5. In small amounts. 1. 
 
 New Jehsey .—Bayonnij Rev. B. W. Ahne, $10. Newark. Chas. Bukrens, 5. Paterson, 
 Sisters of Charity and School, 8.25; School of the Christian Brothers, 5. West Hoboken. Rev. 
 Thomas O'Connor, C. P., 5. 
 
 New Mexico.— Albuquerque, Rev. A. M. Gentile, S. J., $5. Las Vegas, Fred Desmarais. 
 5. Santa Fe, St. Michael’s College. 24; Sistersof Loretto. 5. Cash, 2. 
 
 New York.— Albany, John C. Delalianty, $10; R. A.Gordan. 5. Amsterdam. Rev. J. P. 
 Mclncrow. 5. Auburn. St. Mary's School, 10. Brooklyn, Jas. McMahon. 50; St. Paul’s 
 Industrial School, 40; Sisters of Industrial School, 25; St. Stephen’s School. 10; Sisters of St. 
 Joseph, 19; St. Charles’ Borromeo School, 10; St. Mary's Assumption School. 10; St. Peter's 
 School, 10; St. John's Home. 5; St. Mary's Star of the Sea School, 10; St. Paul’s School, 10; 
 Rev. Martin Carroll. 10; Miss Mamie Cox, 6; Matthew Ivaicher, 5; Sistersof St. Dominic 
 (Melrose Street). 6; Rev. J. If. Mitchell, 5; Mrs. Mary Kiernan. 5; Jos. llennenlatter, 5.05. 
 Buffalo, Rt. Rev. Mgr. Wm. Gleason. 15; Sisters of St. Francis and School (East Buffalo). 
 10.35; Rev. J. Kreusch and Jesuit Fathers of St. Ann’s Church. 10; Rev. James Keitz, 10; 
 Geo. Doll. 0; Rev. Chas. Schraus, 5; Rev. P. Heelseher, 5; Sisters of St. Francis (Washington 
 Street). 5: Bernard Diebold. 5. Danville. Rev. Jas. II. Day, 5. Flatbush, L. I.. Holy Cross 
 School, E. Mackey, 5. GardcnviUc, Rev. F. X. Fromholzer, 5.50. Hotly. St. Mary's Mission, 5. 
 Mt. Vernon, Convent of the Holy Cross, 6. New York City. Eugene Kelley, 1,000; Madames 
 of the Sacred Heart (Manhattanville), 400; John D. Crimmins, 100: Eliza M. Sloane, 100; 
 Benziger Brothers, 50; John Mulialy, 50; P. O’Shea (Publishers). 26; Joseph Molloy. 25; 
 E. Steiger, 20; Paulist Fathers, per Mgr. Brady. 10; John Rodrigue, 10; John J. Barry. 10; 
 Cathedral Library. 5; Josephine M. decker, 5; Chas. Lehritter, 5; Rev. P. F. McSweeny, 5; 
 Rev. M. A. Cunnion. 5; Rev. John B. Leibfritz, C. SS. R., 5. Obernbcrg, Rev. F. Klrscher, 
 O. S. F.. 6. Oswego, Rev. M. Barry, 5. Bedford, Rev. J. N. Beaudry, 5. Rome. St. Peter's 
 Academy, 5. Schenectady, Sisters of the Holy Cross. 5; Sisters of St. Joseph, 5; Troy, 
 Catholic Male Orphan Asylum. 6. IFcxt Troy, Rev. Wm. F. Sheehan, 5. Wliitesboru, 
 Rev. Thos. W. Reilly, 5. Yonkers, Thos. C. Correll, 5. In small amounts from various 
 sources, 17.05. 
 
 North Dakota.—F ort Totten, Sisters of Charity, Indian Industrial School. $5. 
 
 Ohio.— Antwerp. Rev. Edwin P. Graham, $5. Athens, Rev. W. F. Bodes, 7.50. Carthagena, 
 V. Rev. H. Drees, C. PP. S., 10. Cedar Point, Rev. H. Brinlcmeyer, 5. Cincinnati, Madames 
 of the Sacred Heart (Clifton). 100; Rev. P. B. English, 5. Rev. H. Ferneding, 10; Victor 
 Knecht, 5. CircleviUe, J. P. Smith. 10; Edjvard Smith. 10. Cleveland. Sisters of Notre Dame. 
 30; Rev. Wm. Becker. S. J., 10; Ursuline Academy. 10. Columbus, The Catholic "Colum¬ 
 bian.” 10. Cumminsvillc, Rev. .1. D. Kress, 5. Dayton, St. Mary’s Institute. Rev. Jos. 
 Wachesser, 5; V. Rev. L. Beck, Brothers of Mary, 5; National Military Home, Rev. Chas. 
 S. Kemper, 25; Doylestown, Rev. E. W. J. Lindersmith. 5. Nottingham. V. Rev. Mgr. F. M- 
 BolT. 5; Villa Angolla Academy, 25. Sandusky. Cash. '2. Tiffin. Ursuline Convent, 5. 
 Toledo, Christian Hoffman, 5. Wilmington, Rov. Michael O'Donohue, 5. In small 
 amounts. 4.10. 
 
 Oregon. —Mount Angel Benedictine Sisters. $5. 
 
 Pennsylvania .—Beatty P. <).. Rt. Rev. I,. Scherer, O. S. B., St. Vincent’s Abbey, $50. 
 Bradford, Wm.Henley. 5. Brookvillc, Rev. John Link; 5. Erie, Rev. M. J. Decker, 5; Alois 
 Nagosky, 5. Franklin. Rev. J. P. McCloskey, 5. Fern Rock, John Deegan, 5. Germantown. 
 Rev. J. M. Moore, C. M., 25. Homewood. John A. Oatman, 5. Kingston. Rev. John P. O’Mal¬ 
 ley, 5. Kersey. Rev. B. J. Raycroft, 10. Lancaster, John W. Lowell. 5. Media, Rev. P. A. 
 Quinn. 5. Nesquehoning. Rev. Chas. A. Norris, 5. 'New Baltimore, Carmelite Fathers. 5. 
 Nanticoke, Rev. B. Gramlewicz, 20. Oil City, Rev. Thos. Carroll. 5. Overbrook, Rev. Hugh F. 
 Henry, St. Charles Seminary. 10. Philadelphia, Mother M. Clement (Chestnut Hill) St. 
 Joseph's Convent, 40; Rev. F. J. Quinn, 6; Rev. P. R. McDermott. 5; Patrick Gill. 10; James 
 Gill, 10; Thomas Dillon, 10; Patrick McGinty, 10; Russell Thayer, 10; Rev. J. S. McShane, 
 O. S. A., 5; H. M. Fox, 5; St. Peter’s School, 5; Miss A. McFall, 6; John Fox. 5; Mrs. E. 
 Heck. 5; John P. Mnrta, 5; Rev. C. A. McEvay, O. S. A., 5. Pittsburgh, W. A. Lanz, 5; Rev. 
 
 2S3 
 
Jos. Kobe, 5; Anton Specht, 5; Rev. Thos. Devlin, 5. Reading, ffm, A. Allgaier. 5; Jos. A. 
 Allgsiier, 5. Scranton, Rev. N. J. McMauus.fi. Shamokin, John Clifford, 5; St. Stanislaus 
 School,. 1 ). Torresdale, Mrs. Morrell, 20. Wilkesbarre, Sisters of Christian Charity (Mal- 
 linckroclt',50; Joseph C. Pflegher, 25; Miss Gussie John, 5. In small amounts, II. 
 
 Rhode Island.— Providence, St. Mary's School (Sisters of Notre Dame), $0.16. Cash. 1. 
 
 South Carolina .—Columbia, cash (a Baptist), $1. 
 
 T ennessee. — Clarksville, St. Mary's School (Dominican Sisters), $5. Memphis, M. Gavin. 
 25; Wm. llorgan. 10; Christian Brothers College, 10; Mrs. Mary Babb, 5; Stephen E. Rice. 
 5; B. F. Carberry, 10; Thos. Keely. 5; John S. Toof, 5. Nashville, Sisters’ C. P. P. S., 5. 
 
 Texas.— Castroville, Sisters of Divine Providence. $S. Fredrtcksburgh, Rev. P. Zarl- 
 llon, 5. Laredo. Rev. A. Lachou. 5; Rev. Louis Plane, 5. Cash. 1. 
 
 Vermont.— Barre, Rev. .1. Brelivot, $10. Orwell. Rev. N. J. Lachance, 5. Rutland. Rev. 
 N. Proulx, 5. 
 
 V IRQ ini A. — Portsmouth, Joseph A. Parker, 5. 
 
 Washington.— Puyallup, Rev. John P. N. Rohllnger. $5. Seattle, Dominican Sisters. 5. 
 Spokane, Rev. J. M. Cataldo, S. J.. 5. Tdlalip, Sisters of Charity. 6. 
 
 West Virginia. - Wheeling , Sisters of Charity, $5. 
 
 W isconsin. - Dodgeville, Rev. And. Ambauen, $5; Rev. Theo. Hegemann. 10. Chippewa 
 Falls, A. B. McDowell. 5. Kenosha, Anonymous 5; John Belding, 5. La Crosse, St. Rose de 
 Viterbo's Convent. 5; Rev. lv. G. Beyer. 5. Madison, Rev. John Ryan. 5. Medford, Rev. 
 Aug. Birsner, 5. Mineral Point, St. Mary's School. 18.23. Milwaukee. Rev. P. N. Abbelen. 
 10; Rev. 11. Niebaus. 5; Rev. Ohas. Zaphiel, 5. Racine. St. Catherine's Academy, 25. Sha¬ 
 wano, Rev. John Raster, 5. Stanton, Rev. P. J. Lavin. 5. St. Francis, Rev. H. Rhinhart. 
 20; Very Rev. J. Rayuer, 10; Rev. Simon Seble. 5. Trich Mill. Emanuel Kabell. 5. Locality 
 unknown. Rev. J. Benedict. 10. In small sums, 11.50. 
 
 Total Receipts, contributions from various sources, $6,3,30,43. 
 
 EXPENSES: 
 
 Including Printing, Postage, etc., from First Meeting of Delegates October S. 18.90, to July 3t. 
 1864. Paid contractors and carpenters erecting booths, lumber, hardware, etc., J8.754.37; 
 general expenses including signs, dry goods for covering and draping booths, decorations, 
 flags, telegrams, periodicals, papers and World's Fair literature, car fare, carriage hire, 
 incidentals at the exposition, Sl.SGi.53,- furniture, office outfit, etc., $373.56; postage 
 stamps, wrappers, etc.. SI,742.40; carpenters, packers and laborers. S000.15: stationery and 
 printing of pamphlets, circulars, bulletins, and services at printing establishments for 
 wrapping and mailing, $4,060.16; catalogue, printing, binding, plating, cuts. etc., two edi¬ 
 tions, $1.2504)0; express charges, freight and drayage, $504.02; Columbian library of Cath¬ 
 olic authors, freight, customs, brokerage, secretary work, etc., $515.30.; storage of empty 
 cases,$277.58; expenses for Catholic Education Day, Sept. 2,1803. $260.20; salaries of book¬ 
 keeper, stenographers, typewriters, watchmen, janitor, employees, etc., $4,650.36; en¬ 
 graving, printing, etc., of Archbishops’diplomas, postage and clerks’expenses for same 
 $870.05; making 113 negatives for photographic views. 8 by 10. $326; sets of 120 photo¬ 
 graphic views of the Catholic Educational Exhibits for repirtment of Liberal Arts, 
 National Commission and Columbian Museum. $154; sets of photographic views for 
 Catholic Educational Exhibit, Dioceses and Exhibitors, $173.20; terminal and switching 
 charges. $86.59; board, lodging and clothing of the Secretary and Manager. $878.97; rail¬ 
 road fare, hotel bills and incidentals of travel, $570.20; expenses of printing final report, 
 $793. 
 
 Total Expense, General Exhibit. $31,762.34. 
 
 Expenses for Exhibits of the Archdiocese of Chicago from the Diocesan Committee's Report: 
 Contractors for booths, archways, carpenter work. etc-. $5,144,85; wages to attendants and 
 employes. 1,225; decorations. 300.28; furniture, glass cases, tables, etc.. 157.75; teaming and 
 express charges. 132.95; music Catholic Education Day. 25; storage empty cases. 90; photo¬ 
 graphs of exhibits. 88.35; Total expenses of Catholic Diocesan Exhibit, 7,164.18. 
 
 Total expenses of Catholic Educational Exhibit. $38,956 72 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 RECEIPTS. 
 
 Diocesan Exhibits. § 18 672 47 
 
 Contributions from Prelates. 4,344 84 
 
 Religious Teaching Order Exhibits. 4,898 44 
 
 Individual Exhibits and special accounts. 5,002 70 
 
 Contributions, as per printed list. 6,330 42 
 
 Total receipts. 839,248 87 
 
 EXPENSES. 
 
 Secretary and Manager's statement. $31,792 54 
 
 Report Chicago Diocesan Committee. 7,164 18 
 
 Total expenses. $38,956 72 
 
 Balance, July 12,1894.. $ 292 15 
 
 This balance has since then been paid out for sundry claims and items of 
 expense. 
 
 final Report. 
 
 Besides a catalogue of 330 pages, enumerating in detail the exhibits 
 of every institution and giving due credit to dioceses, clergy, teaching 
 orders of men and women, institutions and lay teachers, Brother 
 Maurelian, the secretary and manager, after winding up affairs, sub¬ 
 mitted to Bishop Spalding, President of the Catholic Educational Ex¬ 
 hibit, a statement, known as his “final report” and published in a 
 book of 202 pages. 
 
 This Report is practically a history of the work from the inception 
 of the Catholic Educational Exhibit, by the Archbishops at Boston, 
 July, 1890, to July 31, 1894. To all interested in Catholic education, 
 the “Fin.il Report” is a valuable work of reference. 
 
 Right Reverend Bishop Spalding, acknowledged the Report by the 
 following letter: 
 
 My Dear Brother Maurelian: Your final report, made to me, as President 
 
 of the Catholic Educational Exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition, is 
 evidence of the intelligence and earnestness with which this enterprise has been 
 undertaken and brought to end. Of your zeal and unflagging interest in the 
 work, the success of which depended in so large a measure upon you, I need not 
 speak. To have done well is enough, is more than praise. The ends for which 
 the exhibit was made have been attained. It was made possible by the generous 
 co-operation of those who are engaged or interested in Catholic education, in 
 whatever part of the country, and had it done nothing more than show how 
 united these willing workers are, the gain would not be small. In presenting 
 the results of their labors to the world, in so far as this is possible in an Ex¬ 
 position, they proved their confidence in the worth of what they are doing and 
 their desire to submit its value to the test of enlightened criticism. Not to 
 know our educational work, our system and methods, is henceforth inexcusable. 
 No one now, who respects himself will affirm that our parish schools are inferior 
 to the public schools, or that our teachers, in appealing to the heart, the con 
 science and the imagination, lose sight of the importance of quickening and 
 training the mental faculties. In the Catholic Directory for 1894, 768,498 pupils 
 are reported as attending our parochial schools, and the number is rapidly 
 increasing. When we consider that our school system is a work of conscience, 
 which involves a very large expenditure of money and labor, it may be held to 
 be, from a moral standpoint, the most important fact in our national life. For 
 various reasons it is worthy the attention of enlightened and patriotic minds. 
 It is the only elementary education in the United States which holds to the 
 traditional belief that the morals of a people can be rightly nourished and sus¬ 
 tained only by religious faith. Whether a purely secular system of education 
 will not prove fatal to religious faith is as yet a matter of doubt, it being in no 
 way doubtful that the basis of popular government is popular virtue. What 
 Catholics then are thus doing deserves consideration, though it be looked at as 
 an experiment or as a survival of what is destined soon to pass away. Indeed, 
 the best people in America, if the case be presented simply as it is here pre¬ 
 sented, feel an interest akin to sympathy in Catholic schools, and our position is 
 really altogether plain and simple. We believe that religion is an essential 
 element of human life, and therefore of human education, and we establish and 
 maintain schools in which we strive to put this belief into practice. 
 
 We do this as a matter of conscience and without ulterior views. In this 
 country, at least, Catholics claim and exercise a large free lorn of opinion, and 
 hence we are not surprised to find among them men who have plans and schemes 
 for the overcoming of whatever difficulties; but the church is not responsible for 
 their views and does not commit itself to them. If here and there a compromise 
 has been proposed with the purpose of getting support from the public moneys, 
 or agitation for a system of denominational schools has been recommended, this 
 has been done by individuals, who have never succeeded in gaining a numerous 
 following. The church has contented itself with urging the establishment and 
 support of parish schools. Double taxation for education is, of course, a griev¬ 
 ance; but the Catholics of the United States believe in free schools for all. and 
 since the religious condition of the country is such that denominationalism 
 could not be introduced into the State schools without risk of ruin, they are 
 willing to bear the burden of a double school tax; and, with few exceptions, they 
 have no desire to introduce this question into politics. What they have been 
 doing with constantly increasing success, they a r e content to continue to do—to 
 build and maintain their own schools. 
 
 Among the good results springing from the Catholic Exhibit, not the least, 
 is the impression we have received of the extent and efficiency of our parish 
 school system. We thence derive new zeal and confidence. The revelation of 
 what we have done becomes a promise and a prophecy of what we shall do. We 
 feel the work is great enough and holy enough to command our best efforts. 
 We resolve to concentrate them upon the upbuilding of a system of more effec¬ 
 tive religious education, persuaded, that we thus most surely promote the 
 interests both of the Church and the State. ThiB is our task, aud anything that 
 might divert us from fulfilling it, is to be put aside as evil. We love our religion 
 and our country well enough to be glad to make sacrifices for both. 
 
 Another result of the exhibit is a better acquaintance of Catholic teachers 
 with one another, and with the various methods of our schools. The bringing 
 together the work of the different orders and of numberless individuals has been 
 an object lesson of real value. Our labor and expense would not have been in 
 vain had we done nothing else than give to the members of our religious teach¬ 
 ing orders a unique opportunity to study the work of the Catholic Schools. 
 Nothing in the World's Fair appeared to me more beautiful or more inspiring 
 than the groups of Catholic Sisters, to be seen at all times, in the booths of the 
 exhibit, wholly intent upon learning whatever there was to be learned. From 
 that little space a spirit of enthusiasm, a desire for excellence, has been carried 
 throughout the land, into the rchoolrooms of a thousand cities and towns. 
 Many a one who, in some remote village, felt lonely and half discouraged in 
 what seemed to be unavailing work, became conscious of belonging to a great 
 army of men and women who bring strength to souls and light to minds. The 
 whole country, in fact, is indebted to us; for the zealouB and energetic efforts of 
 the managers of the Catholic Exhibit had not a little to do with the appropria¬ 
 tion of the large sums of money and the allotment of the great space, devoted to 
 educational matters at the Columbian Exposition. Your report, my dear 
 Brother, is a fitting memorial of a noble and fruitful work. 
 
 Affectionately and sincerely yours, 
 
 -|-J. L. Spalding, Bishop of Peoria. 
 
 Pkoria, July 19.1894. President of the Catholic Educatioi al Exhibit. 
 
 254 
 
Omissions. 
 
 The following schools were accidentally and unintentionally 
 omitted : St. Patrick’s School, Danville, Ill., Sisters of the Holy Dross 
 one volume specimens writing. 
 
 St. Mary’s Academy, Ogdensburg, X. V., Gray Nuns, eleven vol¬ 
 umes class work : History, catechism, orthography, algebra, geometry 
 drawing, geography, map drawing, physical geography, grammar’, 
 physics, astronomy, language, arithmetic, French, compositions, econo¬ 
 mics, book-keeping, typewriting, Latin, botany, zoology, chemistry, 
 sixteen photographs, and one volume history of St. Mary’s Academy. 
 
 St. Francis Xavier’s Academy, Ottawa, Ill., Sisters of Mercy, four 
 volumes: Christian Doctrine, spelling, arithmetic, grammar, geography, 
 object lessons (drawing), physical geography and music. 
 
 St. Joseph’s Commercial College, St. Joseph, Mo., Christian Brothers, 
 eleven volumes: Christian Doctrine, geometry, penmanship, geog- 
 iaphy, grammar, maps, book-keeping, commercial law, composition 
 “Our Class,” and one album photographs of building, classes and ground. 
 St. Patrick’s School, nine volumes: Christian Doctrine, Sacred His- 
 tory, geography, arithmetic, grammar, commercial correspondence, pen¬ 
 manship, class work, two volumes book-keeping and one album views 
 of building, classes, grounds and church. 
 
 Cretin High School, St. Paul, Minn., twenty-eight volumes : Type¬ 
 writing, phonography, penmanship, geometry, arithmetic, history, men¬ 
 suration, miscellaneous work, language lessons, examination papers, 
 book-keeping, general history, maps, description of St. Paul, Christian 
 Doctrine, and rules of exchange. 
 
 St. Patrick’s School, \ orplanck, X. Y., Franciscan Sisters, one vol¬ 
 ume : Penmanship, geography, arithmetic, grammar, language, United 
 States history and spelling. 
 
 Photographic views of buildings, chapel grounds, classes, brass bands 
 and athletic clubs, etc., etc., were exhibited by Mt. St. Mary’s College, 
 Diocesan Clergy, Emmittsburg, Md.; St. Mary’s College, Benedictine 
 Fathers, Sacred Heart Academy, Sisters of Mercy, Belmont, X. C.; St. 
 Mary’s College, Benedictine Fathers, St. Mary’s Seminary, Sisters of 
 Mercy, Academy of Incarnation, Sisters of Mercy, St. Thomas’ School, 
 Sisters of Mercy, Parish School (Colored), Sisters of Mercy, Wilming¬ 
 ton, N. C. 
 
 Conclusion. 
 
 To The Readers of The History of The Catholic Educational Ex¬ 
 hibit : 
 
 The Catholics of the United States are indebted to a Sister of the 
 Order of St. Dominic, (Mother House at Sinsinawa, Wis.,) for editing the 
 history of the Catholic Educational Exhibit. Her writings in the 
 “Catholic Reading Circle Review,” “New World,” etc., are well known, 
 over her nom dt; plume “Carola Milanis. ” It is but simple justice to 
 this Religieuse and to the efficient and time-honored Order of which she 
 is a member, to give due credit for the successful achievement of a work 
 so extensive and so very difficult. 
 
 It required a person of wide experience in matters of education and 
 art, and who had fully examined the many and various exhibits in all 
 their details. Experienced educators will know best how to value a 
 work covering such a wide range in educational affairs. 
 
 The Catholic Educational Exhibit was declared by Director-General 
 Davis “one of the marked successes of the Exposition.” Doctor Selim 
 II. Peabody, chief of Liberal Arts, said : “Without flattery, I can 
 honestly say, that it is the gem of my department.” Commissioner 
 M m. T. Harris, Washington, D. C., wrote, “it contributed materially to in¬ 
 crease the interest in the whole Exposition.” Hon. John Eaton, United 
 States ex-commissioner of Education, in writing of it called “The ex¬ 
 hibit phenomenal and the installation marvelous, etc.” 
 
 Such valuable testimony as the above concerning the surpassing ex¬ 
 cellence of the exhibits, emphasizes the value of the History of the Cath¬ 
 olic Educational Exhibit with more than two hundred illustrations and 
 its descriptive text of more than fifteen hundred exhibits from Europe, 
 Canada, United States, etc. 
 
 For educators the history will be a valuable and interesting study of 
 the practical results in every branch of letters, science, art, industrial 
 pursuits and kindergarten. All persons interested in education will 
 find it alike instructive and entertaining. 
 
 The engravings, press work and paper rank among the very best. 
 The publishers. J. S. Hyland & Co. are proverbial for their just and fair 
 dealings with subscribers, thus ensuring a wide and successful distribu¬ 
 tion of the work. 
 
 An affectionate greeting to all patrons, co-laborers in the great cause 
 of Christian Education. 
 
 Very sincerely, 
 
 Brother Mai reliax, F. S. C. 
 
 Secretary and Manager. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., June 6, 1896. 
 
 
Introduction. 4.' 
 
 TABLE TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 American Catholic Historical Society, Phila¬ 
 delphia. 105-190. 
 
 Ammendale Normal Institute. Ammendale, 
 Md., 189. 
 
 Annunciation Academy and Colored Indus¬ 
 trial School. Pine Bluff, Ark., 176. 
 Archbishops' Diploma, 240. 
 
 Arch dioceses : 
 
 Baltimore, 11. 51. 5 
 Boston. I. 
 
 , 53.197. 
 
 , 119. 1 
 
 ChiCa 
 114,11.. 
 Cincinnati, 
 Dubuiiue. 15i. las. i 
 Milwaukee, 132,133 
 New Orleans, '.Hi. 17 
 New York, 16. 17, 19 
 211.213.210,217,21 
 Philadelphia. 184, 1 
 193.195, IP" 
 
 , 203, 206, 207, 208, 210. 
 86, 18S, 189, 1111, 192, 
 
 ’ranclsco, 65, 57, 69, 61. 02, 63, 65. 67. 69. 
 Sauta Fe, 161. 
 
 St. Louis. 91. 92, 93. 94. 95. 96. 
 
 St. Paul. 96. 139. 
 
 Ashe Art School. Memphis. Tenn., 14S. 15o. 
 Bird's-eye view of World's Fair. 1893.243. 
 Caldwell, Miss M. G.— Artistic Embroidery, 
 
 182. 
 
 Calvert Hall College. Baltimore, Md.. 53. 
 Canada. Province Quebec, Educational Ex¬ 
 hibits. 233. 236. 
 
 Catholic University of America, Washington. 
 D. C-. 198. 199. 
 
 Chaminade. Very Bev..Toseph (Founder, Bro¬ 
 thers of Mary), 168. . 
 
 Christian Brothers’ College, Memphis, Tenn., 
 
 Christian Brothers'College, St. Louis. Mo.. 93. 
 Christian Brothers’ Normal Institute. Am¬ 
 mendale, Md.. 189. 
 
 Christopher Columbus, the Great Discoverer, 
 Columbian Library of Catholic Authors. 245. 
 Do LaSalle (The Blessed John Baptist). Por¬ 
 trait Seal of the Order and Coat of 
 
 De LaSalle’ Institute, New York City, 215. 
 Dioceses : 
 
 Albany, 220,221. 
 
 Alton. 47. 138. 
 
 Belleville, 7T. 
 
 Boise. 49. 
 
 Brooklyn, 30. 31, 32. 33. 
 
 Buffalo. 28, 29. 
 
 Cleveland. 47, 4S, 155. 
 
 Columbus, Iff 
 
 Denver, 76, 77, 158. 
 
 Detroit, 49. 56. 
 
 Fort Wayne. 40. 41, 43, 44. 
 
 Grand Rapids. 139. 
 
 Green Bay, 21. 
 
 Kansas City (Mo.), 95, 96, 176. 
 
 Little Rock. 175. 
 
 Louisville, 64. 
 
 Manchester, 162. 
 
 Mobile, 77. 
 
 Nashville. 104. li 
 Natchez. 157. 158 
 Nesqually. 139. 
 
 Newark, 197. 
 
 Bishops. It it/lit Reverends: 
 
 Brondel. John Baptiste, 219. 
 Burke, Maurice F., 219. 
 
 Burke, Thos. Martin A.. 229. 
 Byrne, Thomas Sebastian, 150. 
 Chatard, Francis Silas, 35. 
 Cosgrove, Henry. 219. 
 
 Cotter, Joseph B., 219. 
 
 Donahue. Patrick James. 220. 
 Dunne. Edward Joseph, 219. 
 Fink. Louis M., 219. 
 
 Fitzgerald. Edward. 229. 
 
 Foley. John S., 49. 
 
 Gabriels, llenry, 229. 
 
 Gallagher. Nicholas A., 219. 
 Glorieux, A. J., 219. 
 
 11 aid, Leo, 229. 
 
 Harkins, Matthew. 219. 
 
 Healy, James Augustine. 229. 
 Hennessy. John Joseph, 219. 
 Ileslin, Thomas, 157. 
 
 Hogan, John Joseph. 170. 
 Horstmann. Ignatius F.. 46. 
 Janssen. John. 319. 
 
 Keane. John, J.. 200. 
 
 McCloskey, William George, 2: 
 McDonnell, Chas. E.. 30. 
 McFaul. James A., 329. 
 McGolrlck. James, 219. 
 McGovern. Thomas, 239. 
 McNierny. Francis. 229. 
 
 Maes. Camillas Paul. 74. 
 Manogue, Patrick, 90. 
 
 Marty, Martin, 1"' 
 
 Matz, Nicholas < 
 
 Meerschaert, Th„., r ... 
 
 Messmer. Sebastian Gebhard, 2 
 Michaud, John Stephen, 229. 
 Montgomery. George. 219. 
 Moore. John, 229. 
 
 Mora. Francis, 219. 
 
 Mullen. Tobias, 329. 
 
 Neraz, J. 0.. 174. 
 
 Northrop. Henry P.. 
 
 O’Hara, William, 229. 
 
 Phelan, Richard, 79. 
 Uademacher, Joseph, 40. 
 Richter. Henry Joseph, 229. 
 Ryan. James, 138. 
 
 Ryan. Stephen V., 28. 
 
 Scannell, Richard,219. 
 Seliweiuich. James, 22. 
 Spalding, John L 
 
 r. 148. 149, 150. 155. 
 
 Pittsburg, 79, 80, 82. 84 
 Sacramento, 90. 149. 
 San Antonio, 38. 
 Sioux Falls. 102,105. 
 SpringUeld, 220. 
 
 syrae... 
 
 Vincennes, , , _ . 
 
 Felician (Polish) Sisters, St. Marys, Detroit, 
 Mich., 49. 59. 
 
 Group—Cardinal Satolli. Mgr. O'Connell and 
 Bro. Maureliar 
 Headquartei 
 
 221. 
 
 Ursuline Nuns. 47. 01. 70, 84, 178. 
 Visitation Nuns. 32.33. 100. 
 
 St. Francis I ndustrial School. Eddington, Pa 
 
 Batesville. 1 nd., St. Louis School, 38. 
 
 Baton Rouge, La.. St. Joseph s Academy. Iso. 
 Barry. Patrick T. (Columbus Club, Chicago), 
 '247. 
 
 Barton. Wis„ St Mary’s School, 134. 
 
 Bayfield. Wis.. Christ’s School, 23. 
 
 Bay St. Louis, Miss., St. Joseph’s Academy, 
 97,158. St. Stanislaus Commercial Col¬ 
 lege. 157, 108. St. Rose’s (colored) School, 
 
 st. Mary's Institute. Dayton, O., 109.170,171. 
 St. Nicholas Trades School, Paris. 26, 27. 
 s' Patrick’s School, Memphis, Tenn., 104. 
 Vincent's Industrial School, Utica, N. V.. 
 
 „..rr, Eliza Allen. Art Exhibit. 121. 
 
 Space—Diagrams Educational Section and 
 Catholic Exhibit, Liberal Arts Depart¬ 
 
 ary and St. Vincent’s College, 81. St. 
 Aavier's Academy, 
 
 Belgium, Oarlsbourg. Brother Alexis, 244. 
 Belgium, Wis., St. Mary’s School, 140. 
 
 Belmont, N. C.. St. Mary’s College, 255. Sacred 
 Heart Academy. 255. 
 
 Belleville. III.. St. Luke’s School, 136. St. 
 Peter’s School, 130. 
 
 Bellevue, la., St. Joseph’s School, 154. 
 Bellevue. Ky.. Sacred Heart School, 75. »■. 
 Bellevue, O.. St. Mary’s School. 48. 
 
 nu'ni s. n6UDTuc,u..^u.,uaij . .., , 
 
 Villa Maria. Pit. (Sisters of Humility of Mary,) MJ W ,O.Lg 1 ” 1 
 
 INDEX TO SUBJECTS. 
 
 Academy, lnd.. St. Vincent’s School, in. 
 Ackley.'la.. Sacred Heart Academy. 152. 
 Ahnapee. Wis.. Si. Mary's School. 21. 
 
 Akron. <>.,St. Bernard’s School. 47. St. Mary's 
 School, 47. St. Vincent’s School. 47. 
 Alameda. Cal., Notre Dame Academy, 59. 
 Albany. N. V.. Cathedral School, 220. Chris¬ 
 tian Brothers' Academy, 220. St. John’s 
 
 Alden. N. v!. St. John Baptist’s School. 201. 
 Alexandria. La.. St. Francis Xavier's School. 
 
 Allegany, N. 5’.. St. Elizabeth's Academy, 29 
 Alleghany, Pa.. St. Andrew's School, 83. St. 
 Ann's Academy, 82. St. Benedict's. 
 Academy, 82. St. Joseph's School, 82. 
 St. Mary's Mule and Female Schools, 82. 
 St. Peter's School, 83. 
 
 Alton, Ill.. Cathedral School, 138. St. Pat¬ 
 rick's School, 138. Ursuline Academy, 
 138. 
 
 Alton. Ia., St. Mary’s School. 153.- 
 Altoona. Pa., St. John's Convent School 82. 
 Amawalk. N. V., St. Joseph’s Normal College, 
 
 Verdaguer. Peter, 219. 
 
 Vertln. John, 329. 
 
 Watterson, John A mb rose. 229. 
 
 VVigger. WInand Michael. 239. 
 
 Brother Joseph, Superior General, 25. 
 
 Brother Maurelian.lt), 13. 
 
 ' €» im- 4 mt ssS“: Sfc'SSu mm 
 
 Amberg. Wm.A.(Columbus Club, Cliicago),247, 
 
 bee. 239. 
 
 Archbishops. Must Reverends: 
 Cleary. James Vincent of Kings 
 229. 
 
 i, Out., 
 
 Duhamel. Joseph T. Ottawa, Out, 239. 
 Lnngevin. A. I).. St. Boniface. Out . 239. 
 Walsh, John, Toronto. Ont., 239. 
 
 Bishops Right Reverends: 
 
 Blais. Andre-Albert, of Pimouski.P.Q.,239. 
 Cameron. John. Antigonish. P. Q., 239. 
 Dowling. Thomas Jas., Hamilton. Out., 239. 
 Labrenue, M. T.. Chicoutimi, P. Q.. 239. 
 Laileche, Louis F., Three Rivers. P.Q.,239. 
 Larocque, Paul, Sherbrooke. P. Q... 239. 
 Leinmens. John N., Victoria, B. C.. 239. 
 O’Connor, R. A. Peterborough, Ont., 239. 
 Rei.huoos Orders oe Men: 
 
 Brothers of the Christian Schools 
 (Europe). 20. 27. 223. 224, 226. 227. 230. 231. 
 Brothers of the Christian Schools (United 
 States!. 17. 18. 24, 33. 47. 49, 52. 53. 57. 02. 03, 
 05. 93. 90. 119. 178. ISO. 189. 192. 197,200,207, 
 208. 210, 213, 210. 218. 
 
 Brothers of Mary, 47, 05, 
 
 ). 108. 169, 
 , 163, 167, 
 
 Catholic Educational Exhibit. 
 
 Holy Angels’ Academy, Chicago, III.. Ml. 
 
 La Salle College. Philadelphia Pa.. 189. 
 Linton's Historical Charts. Visitation Con¬ 
 vent, Georgetown. D. C., 155. 
 
 Manbal tan College, New York City. 215. 
 Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, i. 
 Medals. World’s Fair. 1893.255. 
 
 Mount St. Vincent's Academy. New 4 ork 
 City, 211. 
 
 New York Catholic Protectory, Westchester. 
 
 Notre Dame University, 41; Bishops’ Memor¬ 
 ial Hall. 43. 44. 
 
 Our Lady of Sacred Heart Institute, Long- 
 wood. III., 129. iri _ 
 
 Papal Coatof Arms (Leo XlIIl. 97. 
 
 Papal College Joscpbinum, Columbus, O., 19. 
 Portraits: 
 
 Pope Loo .XIII. (from Chartraln s cele¬ 
 brated painting) 3. 
 
 Cardinals, Their Eminences: 
 
 James Cardinal Gibbons, 11. 
 
 Francis Cardinal Satolli. 13. 
 Archbishops. Mast Reverends: 
 
 Chapelle. Plaetde Louis, 161. 
 
 Corrigan. Mich el Augustine, 16. 
 
 Elder, William llenry, 46. 
 
 Feehan, Patrick A . 9. 
 
 Gross, William II.. 90. 
 
 Hennessy. John. 151. 
 
 Ireland, John. 164. 
 
 Janssens, Francis. 176. 
 
 Kain, John Joseph. 92. 
 
 Katzer, Frederic Xaver, 132. 
 
 Kenrick. Peter Richard. 91. 
 
 Riordan. Patrick William, 55. 
 
 Ryan, Patrick John. 184. 
 
 Salpointe, John B., 460. 
 
 Williams, John Joseph. 140. 
 
 Bishops, Right Reverends: 
 
 Bourgade, P., 219, 
 
 . ..I. 172.1.. 
 
 Brothers of the Sacred Heart, 1 
 178. 
 
 Benedictine Fathers, 80. 
 
 Capuchin Fathers (Herman, Pa.), 80. 
 Franciscan Brothers. 21, 32. 33. 
 
 Holy Cross (Congregation of). 41. 43, 44. 
 Holy Ghost (Congregation of). 80. 
 Jesuit Fathers, 47, 57. 59,159.178. 
 
 Precious Blood Sisters, O’Fallon, Mo.. Em- 
 Private Office of Secretary and Manager, 222. 
 Queen Isabella (Statue. Harriet llosmcr), 6. 
 Rock Hill College, Ellicott City, Md., 52. 
 Sisterhoods; 
 
 Benedictine Nuns, 123. 
 
 Charity (Emmittsburg), 51, 02, 03, 05, 67, 
 09. 82. 119.158. 
 
 Charity (Mt. St. Vincent), 17, 18, 207, 208, 
 
 210,211. 
 
 Charity (Mt. St. Joseph. Ohio), 47. 
 
 Charil y (Nazareth). 104. 175. 
 
 Divine Providence, 38. 82. 
 
 Dominicans, 21. 33. 47, 57, 05, 139, 178. 
 
 Good Shepherd, 47,121. 
 
 Holy Family, 05. 
 
 Holy Names. 02. 
 
 Humility of Mary. 47. 48. 
 
 Immaculate Heart of Mary, 49. 
 
 Incarnate Word. 21. 
 
 Loretto, 70. 77 159. 
 
 Mercy. 31. 32. 33. 57, 01, 02. 03, 05, 84,100, 102, 
 121.123, 149, 168. 
 
 Notre Dame de Namur. 39. 57. 61. 65. 
 
 Notre Dame (Cleveland), 47. 
 
 Notre Dame (Cincinnati), 140. 
 
 Notre Dame of Milwaukee and Baltimore 
 (School Sisters). 21. 23, 114, 111). 129, 133, 
 
 Precious Blood. 34. 
 
 Presentation Nuns, 62. 63. 65. 67. 
 
 Polish Felician Sisters of Detroit, 49, 50. 
 Providence (Vigo Co.), 36. 82. 
 
 Sacred Heart (Ladies), 31. 32, 33, 47,121. 
 Sacred Heart of Mary (Ladies), 47. 
 
 Sacred Heart (Religious), 14, 57, 61,104. 
 
 ..ial Institute, 
 
 Anderson, lnd., St. Mary's School, 40. 
 
 Antigo. Wis . St. John’s School. 21. 
 
 Appleton, Wis.. St. Joseph's School, 
 
 Mary's School, 22. 
 
 Arcadia. Mo.. Arcadia College. 70. 
 ARCHBISHOPS. Must Reverends: 
 
 Ghapelle. Placide Louis. 161. 
 
 Corrigan, Michael Augustine. 16. 
 
 Elder, William Henry, 45. 244. 
 
 Feehan. Patrick A.. 9. 246. 247. 252. 
 
 Grace. Thomas I,., 164. 
 
 Gross, William II.. 90. 
 
 Hennessy, John. 151. 246, 252. 
 
 Ireland. John. 104. 
 
 Janssens, Francis. 177. 
 
 Kain, John Joseph. 91. 
 
 Katzer. Frederic Xaver. 132. 
 
 Konrick. Peter Richard, 91. 
 
 Riordan Patrick William. 55. 73, 240. 249. 
 Ryan. Patrick John, 183,246, 252. 
 
 Salpointe. John B., 160. 
 
 Williams. John Joseph. 146. 
 
 Archbishops’Awards, 249; Letter of Appeal, 
 252; Meetings: Boston, 1890. 4; Chicago. 
 1893,249; New York. 1892, 252; St. Louis, 
 1891.5; Resolutions. 249. 
 
 Abchdioceseb: 
 
 Baltimore. 5. 12. 51. 97, 135. 136, 171,191. 205. 
 Boston, 35.137, 143. 144. 
 
 Chicago, 14.15. 35, 98 to 131, 172, 205. 
 Cincinnati. 38. 85, 169. 
 
 Dubuque, 151 to 156. 
 
 Milwaukee, 132 to 130. 
 
 New Orleans, 177 to 182. 205. 
 
 New York, 16.17, 18, 204 to 218. 
 
 Oregon City. 9(1. 
 
 Philadelphia, 183 to 197. 
 
 San Francisco. 52. 55 to 73. 205. 
 
 Santa Fe, 76. 77. 161.175. 
 
 St. Louis. 34. 35, 76. 91 to 97. 138, 205. 
 
 St. Paul, 138,142, 104,205. 
 
 Ashe Art School. 149. 
 
 Ashland, Ky., Holy Family School. 87. 
 Ashland, l’a.. Si. Mauritius School. 184. 
 Ashland. Wis.. St. Agnes School, 23. 
 Ashtabula, O.. St. Joseph’s School, 48. 
 Ashtabula Harbor, O.. Our Mother of Sor¬ 
 rows' School, 48. 
 
 Augusta, Gh., St. Patrick’s School. 168. 
 Aurora. 111.. Sacred Heart School, 120. St. 
 
 Nicholas School. 120. 
 
 Aurora. Ind.. St. Mary's School, 89. 
 
 A villa. Hid., St. Augustine’s School. 40. 
 
 Avon, O.. Holy Trinity School. 48. 
 
 Awards—Archbishops' Diplomas.219. Bureau 
 of Awards. 247. World's Fair Medals and 
 Diplomas,247. Executive Oommittee.250. 
 B 
 
 Ball town, la., St. Francis’ School. 154. 
 
 Bally, Pa,, Blessed Sacrament School, 184. 
 Baltimore. Md., Archdiocese. Calvert Hall 
 College, 54. Immaculate Conception 
 Schools, 52 54. Institute of Notre Dame, 
 136. St. Alphonsus’Schools, 54.136. St. 
 Aim’s School. 136. St. Janies’ Schools. 
 136, 172. St. John’s Schools, 52. 54. St. 
 Leo's School, 136. St. Martin's Academy 
 and School. 171, 172. St. Michael's 
 Schools. 130. 172. Star of the Sea School. 
 191. St. Vincent’s Schools and Orphan 
 Asylum, 52,64. St,WenceslausSchool, 136, 
 
 Joseph’s Normal School. 18. 
 Bernalillo. N. M. Sacred Heart Schools. 78. 
 
 Loretto Industrial Indian School.77. 
 Bernardo Prairie, Tex., Divine Providence 
 School. 39. 
 
 Biloxi. Miss.. Maris Stella School, lo8. 
 Birmingham, Ala., Holy Angels' Academy, 
 106. St. Paul’s School, 166. 
 
 Bishops. Right Reverends: 
 
 Bradley. Denis M., 161. 
 
 Byrne, Thos. Sebastian. 150. 
 
 Chatard, Francis Silas. 34. 
 
 Dunne, Edward Joseph, 99,100. 
 
 Foley. John S , 48. 
 
 Glorieux, A. J., 40. 
 
 Heslin, Thomas. 157. 
 llogan, John Joseph, 176. 
 
 Horstmann, Ignatius F., 45. 
 
 Keane. John f, 200. 240. 
 
 McDonnell, ('has. E.. 31. 
 
 Maes. OamiUus Paul, 74. 
 
 Manogue. Patrick, 90. 
 
 Marty. Martin, 165. 
 
 Matz, Nicholas Chrysostome. 159. 
 
 Messmer. Sebastian Gebhard. 20. 
 
 Neraz. John C.. 173. 
 
 O'Sullivan, Jeremiah, 106. 
 
 Phelan, Richard. 79. 
 
 Rademacher. Joseph, 40. 
 
 Ryan, James,138. 
 
 Ryan. Stephen V.. 28. 
 
 Scan Ian, Lawrence. 
 
 Sehwebach. Janies. 22. 
 
 Spalding, John Lancaster, 2, 5, 9, 10, 246. 
 247, 249. 250, 251, 252, 254. 
 
 Board of Directors. 5. 
 
 Boston, Mass.. Notre Dame Academy. 144.. 
 John’s School, 144. St. Mary’s School 
 
 144. 
 
 Boston (South). Mass., Sts. Peter and Paul's 
 School, 144. 
 
 Boston (East). Mass.. Assumpt ion School. 144. 
 Holy Trinity School. 144. Holy Redeem¬ 
 er School. 144. Sacred Heart School. 144. 
 Bourbonnais. III..Notre Dame Academy, 127. 
 Braddock. Pa.. St. Thomas' School. 83. 
 
 Breda, Ind., St. Bernard's School. 154. 
 Bremner, David F. (ColumbusClub,Ohicag ). 
 247. 
 
 Brillion, Wis.. St. Mary's School. 21. 
 
 Bristol, Pa., St. Mark's School. 184. 
 
 Brother Joseph, Most Honored (Superior Gen¬ 
 eral). Paris, 25, 247. 
 
 Brother Justin. New York. 247. 
 
 Brother Maurollan, address,9; audience Holy 
 Father, 259; authorization. 252; awards. 
 250; Bp. Spald tig's letter, 254; Director 
 General Davis' letter. 8; Final report, 
 252; greeting Apostolic Delegate, 13; In¬ 
 stallation. 222; letter to readers. 2 5; 
 Memphis College, 147; photographs of 
 exhibits. 246; Resolutions of Archbish¬ 
 ops, 249; Secretary and Manager, 6; 
 sketch, 11. 
 
 Brother Paulian. St. Louis. 217. 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., Academy Sacred Heart. 31. 
 All Saints’ Schools. 33. Assumption 
 Schools. 33. Holy Trinity Orphan Asy¬ 
 lum. 32 Holy Cross School. 32. Holy 
 Family School, 33. lloly Trinity Schools, 
 33. Holy Trinity Orphanage. 32. In¬ 
 dustrial School of Mercy,32. Nativity In¬ 
 stitute. 31. Nativity Academy. 31. 
 Our Lady of Good Counsel School. 32. 
 Our Lady of Mercy Schools. 33. Our 
 Lady Star of the Sea School, 32. Sacred 
 Heart Institute. 31. St. Agnes' Semi¬ 
 nary. 33. St. Ann’s Schools. 32. 33. St. 
 Anthony’s Schools, 32,33. St. Benedict’s 
 School. 33. St. Bernard's School, 33. St. 
 Charles' Schools, 33. St. Fidells' School, 
 33. St. Francis’College. 31. St. Francis 
 de Sales’ Schools. 33. St. James’ Com- 
 
 .ool, 33. St. James’ Female 
 
 St. John's College. 31. St. 
 ■Is,33. St. John tlieEvange- 
 s, 33. St. John’s Home, 32. 
 
 Schools. 33. St. Joseph's 
 id Novitiate (Flushing). 31. 
 ■nard’s of Port Maurice 
 3. St. Leonard’s Academy, 
 31. St. Malachy’s Schools, 33. St. Mal- 
 achy's Home. 32. St. Mary Star of the 
 Sea Schools, 33. Si. Michael Schools. 33. 
 St. Nicholas’ School, 33. St. Patrick’s 
 Academy. 31. St. Paul’s Schools, 31, 33. 
 St. Paul's Industrial School. 32. St. 
 Peter’s Schools,33. Sts. Peter and Paul's 
 School. 33. St. Stephen's School. 33. St. 
 Theresa’s Schools. 31. St.Thomas Aqui¬ 
 nas’ School, 31. St. Vincent de Paul’s 
 Schools, 31. St. Vincent de Paul's Aca¬ 
 demy. 31. Sorrowful Mother School, 33. 
 Visitation Schools.33. Visitation Acad¬ 
 emy and Visitation Convent.. 31. 
 Brookville. Ind., St. Michael's School. 38. 
 Bryn Mawr. Pa.. Our Lady of Counsel School. 
 185. 
 
 Buchanan, Wis., Holy Angels’ School, 21, 
 
 School. 33. 
 John’s Schoo 
 list's School 
 
 Academy at 
 32. St. Leo 
 Schools. 31, 3 
 
Buffalo. N Y.. Canistus College, 28, 200. Holy 
 Angels Academy and School, 28, 201. 
 Immaculate Conception School, 201. Alt. 
 St. Josephs Academy, 29, 201. Mt. 
 St. Mary s Academy. 29, 201. Roman 
 Catholic Orphan Asylum (German), 30, 
 -01. Sacred Heart Schools, 29, 201. 
 Seven Dolors School. 29, 201. St. Agnes’ 
 School. 29. 201. St. Ann’s School, 29, 201. 
 St. Anthony’s (Italian) School. 201. St. 
 Boniface School, 201. SI. Bridget’s 
 Schools, 30. 201, 202. St. Francis Xavier 
 $ L ; i0 ° ' .201. st. Joseph's Cathedral 
 ' cliools, 30, 201. 202. St. John the Bap- 
 on 30, 201. St. Louis Schools, 
 
 30. -01.292. St. Mary’s School. 30, 201. 
 St. Mary siLe Oouteulx) Deaf Mute In- 
 30; 201. St. Nicholas School, 
 -01. st.. Michael’s School, 29. 201. St. 
 1 atnck s Schoo!, 29,201. School of Our 
 •5A a ^°J. M ',V'; cy ’ 201. St. Stephen’s School, 
 30, 202. St. Vincent s School, 201. St. Vln- 
 ce^s Orphanage and Industrial School. 
 
 Buffalo Plains, N. Y.. St. Josoph’s School, 201. 
 Bureau of Awards, 250. 
 
 Burlington, N't., St. Joseph’s Academy, 220. 
 Butler. Pa . St. Peter’s and St. Thomas’ 
 Schools. 83. 
 
 Cahokia, Ill., Holy Family Church. 214. 
 lairo, 111., St. Joseph’s Academy, 78. 
 Caldwell, Miss M. G., 182. 244. 
 
 Caledonia, NVis., St. Louis Bertrand School, 
 
 Cam Bridgeport. Mass., St. Mary’s School, 145. 
 Canada, Province Quebec. 232. Archbishop 
 I abre, 241. 
 
 Archbishop Langevin, 242. 
 
 Brothers of l he Christian Schools, 233, 241. 
 Brothers of the Sacred Heart, 234. 
 Brothers of Ala ry, 23-1. 
 
 Brother Pelerinus. 241. 
 
 Cardinal Taschereau, 2:12. 
 
 Canon C. P. At, Bruchesi, 242. 
 
 Charity (Sisters). 2:13. 
 
 Good Shepherd (Sisters), Quebec.: 
 
 <5 -‘” V ’”’S, Biind Asyhim . 
 
 Patrick’s 
 
 Patrick’s School.' 118.“' St.' Paul’s 
 school, 114 st. Philip’s School. 112. St. 
 flus Schools 110. St, Procopius’ School, 
 • . ’ , •'" t v f ' tan,s,aus Kostka’s School, 113. 
 st. Stephen’s School. 103. St. Theresa’s 
 School. 112. St. Thomas’ School. 116. St. 
 Vincent’s Academy,113. St, Vincent’s In- 
 fant Asylum, 131. St. NVcnceslaus’ 
 .,, . School 120. St, Xavier’s Academy, 125 
 Chicopee, Muss., St. Joseph’s Scho" 1 • v,n 
 St. Mary’s School. ... 
 
 ie School, 23. 
 
 ,,, St. Joseph’s School, 220. 
 
 Chilton, W is., St. Mary’s School, 21. 
 
 Chippewa Falls. NVis., Notre DameScl 
 st. Charles’ School, 23. 
 
 Christopher Columbus and Queen Isabella, 
 
 Cincinnati, O.. St. Bonaventure’s School, 38. 
 st- Joseph’s School, 172. St. Mary’s 
 St. Michael’s School, 38. 
 
 Clark s .Mills. NVis., Immaculate Conception 
 School, 21. 
 
 Clarksville, Tex., St. Joseph’s Convent, 39. 
 
 C arksville, Tenn., St, Mary’s School, 143. 
 
 c leveland, O.. Convent of the Good Shepherd, 
 48, 85. Holy Name School, 47, SO. Im¬ 
 maculate Conception School, 48, 88. 
 Notre Dame Academy, 47, 85. Our Lady 
 of Lourdes’ School, 47. .85. St. Adalbert’s 
 School, 47, 85. St. Augustine’s School, 
 48, 86. St. Bridget’s School, 48, 85. St. 
 Coleman’s School, 48, 86 St. Francis’ 
 School, 47, 85. st,. Ignatius’ College, 
 40,85. St.John’s Cathedral Schools, 48, 
 so. st. Joseph’s School. 47, 86. St. Alala- 
 chy s School, 47, 86. St. Mary’s Annunci¬ 
 ation school, St. Mary's Assumption 
 School, 48,86. St. Alichael’s School. 47, 
 85. St. Patrick’s Schools, 48, 85. St. 
 Peter's School, 47. 85. St. Procoplhs’ 
 School, 48. 80. St. Stanislaus School, 48, 
 No. St, Stephen’s School. 47, 85. St. NVen- 
 cpslaus Schools, 48, 86. Ursuline College, 
 
 ■ ray Ni 
 Holy Cri 
 Holy Na 
 
 .7, 86. 
 
 Clinton, la., St. Mary’s School, 152. St. 1 
 rick’s School, 153. 
 
 Coal City. 111.. Rev. A. Do Paradis, 244. 
 Cold Springs. Ivy.. St. Joseph’s School, 75. 
 Joseph's Orphanap " 
 
 Marquette, 138. 
 
 Mobile, 78, 166.168. 
 
 Monterey and Los Angeles, 97. 
 
 Nashville. 143,147.150. 205. 
 
 Natchez, 156,168, 175. 
 
 Natchitoches. 39. 
 
 Nesqually. 143. 
 
 Newark, 137, 191,197, 205. 
 
 North Carolina. (V. Ap.) 
 
 Omaha, 34, 35. 
 
 Peoria, 52, 96. 138. 166. 
 
 Pittsburg. 39. 78, 175, 187. 
 
 Providence, 205, 220. 
 
 Richmond, 51, 52. 
 
 Sacramento. 39,150, 205. 
 
 San Antonio, 39,173.178. 
 
 Savannah, 168. 
 
 Sioux Falls. 165. 175. 
 
 Springfield, 97, 144, 205, 220. 
 
 St. Augustine, 96, 175. 
 
 St. Joseph. 97, 205. 
 
 Syracuse, 205, 221. 
 
 Vincennes, 35,38, 89,165, 168. 
 
 Wheeling. 97. 
 
 NVinona. 138. 
 
 Diocesan Clergy, 19, 
 
 Donaldsonvillo, La. 
 
 179. 
 
 Dover. Ind.. St Toll 
 Doyles town, 
 
 School, 1_.. 
 
 Dubuque, la.. Sacred Heart School. 
 
 Joseph’s Academy, 152. St. Jo..-,... .. 
 College, 152. St. Mary's German School, 
 154. St. Mary's School, 152. St. Raphael's 
 School, 152. Presentation Convent, 153. 
 Sacred Heart Presentation School. 153. 
 Visitation Academy, 153. 
 
 Dubina. Tex.. St. Edward's School. 39. 
 Dunkirk. N. Y„ St. George’s School. 201. St. 
 Mary’s School, 201. St. Alary's Orphan 
 
 225; Lille, Commercial Institute, St. 
 Luke's School and St. Peter’s Science 
 and Art Institute, 225; Lyons. De La 
 Salle School for Mechanic Arts, 223; 
 Marmande, 220; Meziers. 228; Mont- 
 pelliers. 225; Aloulin's, 228; Nancy. 228; 
 Nantes, 228; Ormans (Doubs), 225; Pe- 
 zenus (Herault). 225; Paris, Brother Jo¬ 
 seph (Superior General), 25; Brothers’ 
 Procure Generale,232. 244; St. Ambrose’s, 
 St.Clotilde's, St. Denis’of B. S., St. Ger- 
 main-L'Auxerrois’ and St. Joseph’s 
 Commercial Schools, 224,225; St.Nicholas’ 
 Professional School for Alecbanies, 25. 
 224; Igny (Seine-et-Oisc) St. Nicholas' 
 School, 225; Issy-sur-Seine, St. Nicholas’ 
 School, 225; St. Sulpice School. 224; Per¬ 
 pignan. (Pyrenees Orient), 225; Privas 
 (Ardeche), 225; Rheims. Brother Arille, 
 232. 242; Rouen. Brothers’ Commercial 
 School, Brothers' High School and Bro¬ 
 thers’ Elementary School. 226. 228; St. 
 Amand Les-Eaux (Nord), 226; St. 
 Etienne (Loire). Brothers' Select Board¬ 
 ing School, Professional School of Mines 
 and Mechanics. Deaf Mute Industrial 
 Institute. 228: St. Laurent (Salanque), 
 226; St. Marlin D'ainay, 228; St. Outer 
 (Pas de Calais), 228; St. Aubant (Tou¬ 
 louse), 228; Troyes, 228. 
 
 Frankfort. Ivy.. St. Joseph’s and St. Aloysius’ 
 Schools. 87. 
 
 Fredericksburg, Tex., Sts. Peter and Paul’s 
 
 Asylur 
 Durango, C( 
 Dycrsville. 
 
 , 30,201. 
 
 I., St. Columba's School, 160. 
 a., St. Francis Xavier’s School, 
 
 
 ?t. La 
 
 t, 239. 
 
 Notre Dame (Sisters). Montreal. 236. 
 Precious Blood (Sisters), 232. 
 
 Presentation Nuns, St. Hyacint he. 238. 
 
 1 tious U ''4o’ (Sistor ' s> Dt ’ ilf -'lute Iustitu- 
 St. Aun (Sisters), 235. 
 
 St. Vial our (Clerics) and Deaf Mute 
 
 Ontario : Christian Brothers, 241. 
 
 Notre Dame (School Sisters). 242. 
 
 Loretto (Sisters!, 242. 
 
 Cannon City. Col., Sc. Scholastica’s Academy 
 
 Cape Girardeau. Mo., St. Vincent’s Academy; 
 
 Carboy, Alichael J. (Columbus Club. Chi¬ 
 cago), 247. 
 
 Cardinal Gibbons Letter 15. Dedicatory 
 Prayer, 11. 12, 347. 25.). 
 
 Cardinal Rampolla’s Letter to Brother 
 -Nlaureltan. 251. 
 
 Cardinal Satolli's appreciation of exhibit, 13 
 , Address La Salle Institute. 13. 
 
 Carmel, la., Sacred Heart School. 154. 
 
 Carroll, Rev. J. J. (of Chicago), 132. 244. 
 
 Carroll, la.. St. Anthony’s School, 154. St. Qrawford'sv 
 Joseph’s School, 154. Sts. Peter and ' 
 
 Colorado Springs, Col., Loretto Academy, 160. 
 Columbia City. Ind., St Paul's School. 40. 
 Columbian Library of Catholic Authors, 244, 
 
 Columbus, Ohio. Papal College Josophinum 
 College. 19,244. Holy Cross School, 168. 
 Columbus, Tex., St. Mary’s School. 39. 
 Committees: Archbishops, 4; Awards, 250; 
 Preliminary. 5. Diocesan: Brooklyn, 31; 
 Buffalo, 28: Chicago. 14; Covington, 73; 
 Denver, 159; Dubuque, 162; FortNVayne, 
 40: Green Bay, 20; Philadelphia, 184; 
 Pittsburg, 80. 
 
 Connellsvllle. Pa., Immaculate Conception 
 
 School, 83. 
 
 Connersville, Ind., St. Gabriel's Industrial 
 School, 35. 
 
 Conshohocken, Pa., St. Matthew's School, 
 
 186. 
 
 Conshohocken (NVest), Pa.. St. Gertrude's 
 School. 184. 
 
 Contributions to Expenses. Dioceses, 252; 
 Prelates, 253. Religious Orders, 253. List 
 of Individual Contributors. 253, 254. 
 
 ' ' ' ' Club, Chicago), 247. 
 
 Francis Academy, 
 
 Covington, Ivy.. La Salette, Academy. 74, 87. 
 Mother of God Schools. 74. 75, 87. Notre 
 D.inie Academy, 75. 87. St. Aloysius’ 
 School. 38. 87. St. Augustine's School, 75, 
 87. Sc. John’s School, 75. 87. St Joseph’s 
 Schools. 74. 75. 87. St. Mary’s Cathedral 
 School. 74 . 87. SI. Patrick’s School, 74, 
 
 . .3,14L 
 
 rreeport. III., St. .Joseph’s School, 120. 
 Freiburg, Texas. St. John's School, 39. 
 Fremont., Ohio, St. Joseph’s School. 47. 86. 
 Frenchtown. Ind., Sacred Heart School, 35. 
 Frontenac, Minn.. Villa Maria Academy, 142. 
 F. S. C. Procure. New York. 244. 
 
 Fulton Canal, Ohio, Sts. Philip and James’ 
 
 ft**!in,,l .Id Si! 
 
 Gallon, Ohio, St. Joseph's School, 48, 85. 
 
 Patrick’s School. 48. 85. 
 
 Galesburg, 111., St. Joseph's Academy,35. 
 
 East Mauch Chunk. Pa., St. Joseph’s School, GalUtzin, Pa.. Borough School. 84. 
 p-.J, 84 -. ... , ... . , Galveston, Tex.. St. Joseph’s School, 39. 
 
 East Saginaw. Mich. St Mary’s School. 3o. Garden ville, N. Y.. Holy Helpers’School, 20. 
 Earl Park, Ind., St. Anthony’s School, 40. 29. 
 
 Eaton. Hon. John (U. S. Ex-Commissioner of Gargan.Hon. Thomas .T. (Boston), 252. 
 
 Education), 252.255. Garrett, Ind., St. Joseph’s School. 
 
 Ebenshurg, l’a.. Mt. GalUtzin Academy, 82. '■-- " 1 • • 
 
 F.ildlno-tnn I-’i—ini-w' I nrl ,-i-i 1 
 
 lels' Industrial School, 
 
 Eddlni . . 
 
 189, 193. 
 
 Edeslas. F. M„ 351. 
 
 Editor of tills Hist-'ry. Coro I a Milanls. 255. 
 Ege. Ind., St. Mary's School. 40. 
 Elizabethtown. Ivy., St. Mary’s School. 75. 
 Elkhart, Ind.. St. Vincent’s School, 40. 
 Ellinger, Tex.. St. Mary’s School. 39. 
 
 Ellicott City. Md„ Rock Hill College. 54. 
 Elmira. N. Y., St. John’s School, 30, 202. Si 
 Peter and Paul's School. 30. t>n-> ' 
 Mary’s School, 30, 202. Our 
 Angels’ Academy, 30. 202. 
 
 F.1 Paso. Tex., Si. Joseph’s Academy, 
 
 El Paso del Norte, Tex., Sacred Heart School, 
 
 Elwood, Ind.. St. Joseph's School. 40. 
 
 Elyria. O.. St. Mary's School, 48. 86. 
 Emmittsburg. Md.. St. Euphemia's School, 52. 
 Mt. St. Mary’s College. 265. St. Joseph's 
 Academy, 51. 
 
 England. London, Tooting College. 232; Man- 
 —, St. Joseph’s Industrial School, 
 
 232. 
 
 School, 138. 
 
 NValburga’ 
 
 . Ind., 
 
 Ca 
 
 -.s School, 1... 
 
 rollton, Ky„ St. John's School. 75. 
 .■I”' ‘ ’School,38. 
 
 Car!Iiagc. ( . . 
 
 Carola Milanls, Editor, 255. 
 
 Cascade. la.. Si. Mary's School, 154. St. M; 
 tin’s School, 153. 
 
 Casimir. VVis., St. Uasimlr’s School, 20. 
 Castroville. Tex., Divine Providence Acad 
 my and St. Louis' School. 39. 
 
 Catholic Reference Library. Notre Dame. 
 Catholic School Question, 246. 
 
 Catholic Education Day, 252. 
 
 ---.1 Magazine and Burei 
 
 Catholic Educational 
 
 251. 
 
 Catholic University of America. 199. 
 Catholic Publishers. 246. 
 
 Cato,NVis., St. Michael's School, 20. 
 
 Catonsville, Md.. Sr. Mark's School, 136. 
 
 Cedar Rapids, la., St. Joseph's Academy and 
 School, 155. 
 
 Champaign. Hi.. St. Mary’s School, 138. 
 Charenton, La.. St. Joseph's Convent, 154. 
 Chartiers. Pa., St. Francis de Sales' School, 
 
 84. 
 
 Chatai 
 
 Clielst 
 
 ., Miss.. 
 -Nlass . 
 
 hool, a 
 
 and 
 
 Chester, Pa., St. Michael’s School. 184. Im¬ 
 maculate Heart of Mary School. 181. 
 
 Chesterton, Ind., St. Patrick’s School, 49. 
 
 Chicago, Jll., All Saints’ School, 99. Annun¬ 
 ciation School, 169. Eliza Allen Starr, 
 122. Ephpheta School, 14. Holy Angels' 
 Academy and School, 104. Holy ramily 
 School. 108. Holy Name Cathedral 
 Schools. 105. Guardian Angels’ School, 
 
 108. Good Shepherd Convent and Indus¬ 
 trial School, 122. Irnmacu ate Concep¬ 
 tion School, 116. Josephinum Academy. 
 124. Mt. Carmel Academy, 112. Nativity 
 School. 110. Notre Dame de Chicago 
 School, 112. Our Lady of Sorrows’ 
 School, 112. Sacred Heart School. 106, 
 
 109. Si. Agues' Schoo.s, 105. St. Aloy- 
 sius' Schools, 107. 112. SI. Benedict and 
 Scholastica's Academy, 122. St. Bridg¬ 
 et's School. 110. St. Columbkille's 
 Schools, 118.121. St. Charles' School. 110. 
 So. Elizabeth's School. 103. St. Francis 
 of Assissi's School, 119. St, Gabriel’s 
 School, 105. St. George's School, St. 
 James' School. 101. St. Jarlatli’s School, 
 116. St.-Joseph's School, 108. St. Joseph’s 
 German School, 120. St. John Nepomu- 
 cene's School. 120. St. Joseph's and 
 Providence Asylums, 111. St. Mala- 
 chy’s School. 113. St. Michael's Schools. 
 116. St. Patrick's Academy, 129. St. Pat¬ 
 rick’s Commercial Academy, 117. St. 
 
 Crown Point, Ind.. St. Mary’s School, 40. 
 
 D 
 
 Danville. III.,St. Patrick’s School,255. 
 Danville. Tex.. Parish School. 39. 
 
 Davis, George R. (Director General) 
 Officials, 247; Archbishops Resoluti 
 249; CardKampollu Letter,251. 
 
 Dayton, Ky.. St. Francis School. 75. 87. 
 Dayton, (>.. Emmanuel School, 85. 171. Holy 
 Trinity School. 85, 171. St. Mary's Insti¬ 
 tute. Normal aud Preparatory Schools. 
 85. 109. St. Francis School. 85. 
 
 Decatur, Ind.. St. Jo-eph’s School, 35. 
 Decorah, Iowa. Immaculate Conception 
 Academy, 155. 
 
 Defiance, U„ Gut- Lady or Perpetual Help, 48, 
 
 De La Salle (Blessed). John Baptist. 24. 
 
 Normal Manual, 244. 
 
 Delhi, O.. St. Aloysius School, 38, ,85. 
 
 Delphi, Ind.. St. Joseph's School. 36. 
 
 Delphus, O.. St. John's School. 47. so. 
 
 Denver, Col.. Annunciation School, 166. Im¬ 
 maculate Conception School. 160. Lor- 
 etto Academy, 76. 160. Sacred Heart 
 School, 160. Sacred Heart College, 159. 
 St. Catharine’s School, 160. St. Joseph’s 
 School, 160. St. Leo’s School. 160. St. 
 Patrick's School, 160. St. Vincent’s 
 Orphan Asylum, 160. 
 
 ”. NVis., St. Mary’s School, 22. J ” 
 
 - he Modi' 
 
 Escanaba. Mich.. St. Joseph' 
 
 Eureka. Cal., SI. Joseph's Convent. iau. 
 Evansville, Hid.. Holy Trinity School. 35. 
 
 St. Mary's School, 38. 
 
 Exhibits, locat ion of, 243. 
 
 Expenses of Exhibits, etc., 264. 
 
 Falls City, Neb.. St. Francis’ School, 35. 
 Faribault. Minn.. Bethlehem Academy. 142, 
 Farley, la., St. Joseph's School, 155. 
 Feehanvllle, Ill., St. Mary’s Training School, 
 
 Georgetown. Cal., Our Lady of Lourdes' 
 school, 160. 
 
 Georgetown. D.C.. Visitation Academy’s Lin¬ 
 ton Historical Charts. 156. 244. 
 
 Glandorf, Ohio, Catholic District School, 34. 
 85. 
 
 Glencoe. Mo.. La'Salle Normal Institute, 93. 
 Goshen. Ind., St. John’s School,40. 
 Govanstown, Md.. Notre Dame of Maryland 
 Academy. 136. 
 
 Grand Forks. S. D.. St. Bernard's Ursuline 
 
 ...... Convent, 176. 
 
 Lady of Grand Rapids. Mich., St. Alphonsus’ School. 
 
 138. St. James’ School. 209. St. Mary's 
 School. 138. 
 
 Grand Rapids, Wis., Sts. Peter and Paul’s 
 School. 22,141. 
 
 Granville, la.. Parish School. 154. 
 
 Grass Valley. Cal., St. Mary’s Academy, 150. 
 
 St. Patrick’s Orphanage. 150. 
 
 Grattan, Barrows Co., Our Lady of Lourdes’ 
 School, 23. 142. 
 
 Green Bay. NVis., Cathedral School, 20. 142. 
 St. John’s School, 20, 142. St. Joseph’s 
 Orphanage, 20,142. St. Vincent's School, 
 
 Greencastle, Ind.. St. Paul’s School. 35. 
 Greensburg, Pa.. St. Joseph’s Academy, 82. 
 Greenville. Miss., St. Rose of Lima’s School, 
 
 aculate Conception 
 ichool, 154. 
 
 Festlna. Ia., St.. Mary's 
 
 Field Columbian Museu. 
 
 Fitzsimmons. Rev. M.J.. 250. 
 
 Final Report. 254. 
 
 Findlay. O.. St. Michael's School. 48.86. 
 Foreign Schools. 24 to 27. 223 to 242. 
 
 Florissant. Mo . Loretto Academy, 76. Sacred 
 Heart School, 34. 
 
 Fort Dodge. Ia.. Our Lady of Lourdes School, 
 
 H 
 
 Halifax. N. S., Lit Salle Academy. 220. 
 Hamburg, Ind., St. Andrew’s Softool.38. 
 Hamburg. N. V.. Sts. Peter and Paul’s School. 
 29. 201. 
 
 Hammond. Ind., St. Joseph's School, 35. 
 Harbor Springs. Mich.. Indian Industrial 
 Sclioo 1 . 138. 
 
 Harriet llosmer's Statue of Isabella, 6. 
 
 Harris, Mon. NVm. T.,255. 
 
 •hill. Iowa, Immaculate Conception 
 
 Foi 
 
 137. 
 
 -. N. J., Inst 
 
 e of the Holy Angels, Her 
 
 Descriptloi 
 
 ledal and the Diplor 
 
 De NVitt. la. .... . 
 
 Dioceses; 
 
 A1 bany, 205. 218, 220. 
 Alton, 137. 138. 
 
 Arizona. (V. Ap.), 78. 
 Belleville. 78, 132,137. 
 Brooklyn. 30. 202. 265. 
 Buffalo, 27. 209. 205. 
 Burlington. 205,220. 
 Cleveland, 34, 40. 85. 205. 
 Columbus, 19. 
 Covington, 38, 73, 87. 
 Dallas, 99. 
 
 Davenport, 156. 
 
 Denver, 10. 159. 
 
 Detroit. 35. 48, 87. 
 ForfNVayiio, 34, 35, 40, 87. 
 Galveston. 39. 
 
 Grand Rapids. 138,175. 
 Green Bay. 20, 21,175. 
 bus City, (Mo.) 35, 39, 
 
 La C 
 
 e Rock, 174. 
 
 Madison, la., St. Mary's School, 136. 
 
 Fort NVayne, Ind., St. Augustine's Academy, 
 35. St. Joseph's Cathedral Schools, 36. 
 41). St. M .ry’s Schools. 40. St. Paul's 
 School. 40. St. Peter's School. 40. St. 
 Patrick's School. 35. St. Vincent's 
 School, 40. St. Vincent's Orphanage, 40. 
 Fostoria, O.. St. NVendelin's School. 48. 86. 
 Fountain City, Wis.. St. Mary's School. 23, 
 142. 
 
 Fowler, Ind., St. John the Evangelist School, 
 
 France. Institutions of the Brothers of the 
 Christian Schools: Agen, 226; Alais, 225; 
 Angers, 228; Annecy.226: Arbois(Jura). 
 225: Beaune, (Cote D'or) 225; Beauvais. 
 (Oise), Select Boarding School and Agri¬ 
 cultural Institute, 225; Bedarieux (Her¬ 
 at] It). 225; Bergues. 225; Besancon 
 (Douhs), 228; Beziers (HerauII). 225; Bor¬ 
 deaux, Select Boarding School. 226; 
 Central High School. 227; Brother Leo- 
 bert. 232.244; St. I’ ul. St. Eulalia. Sa¬ 
 cred Heart. St. Julian. Notre Dame. St. 
 Martial. St Bruno. St. Ferdinand.^St. 
 
 Schools. 227; Bourg (Alx).228; Cambral, 
 2:6; Carcassonne (Aude), 226; Cette, 
 (Herault). 225; Charleville, 228; Ohatn- 
 herry (Savoy). 226; Chartres. 226; De La 
 -Roche I’Savoyl, 226; -Dijon. 226: Douai. 
 Brother?,' Institute for Mechanic Arts. 
 214; Fourchambault, 228; Gray (Haute 
 Saom) t25; Havre, Notre Dame. St. 
 Mary’s and St. Michael's Schools. 227; 
 Hazebrouck, 228; La Motte (Savoy), 226; 
 Landlvlsieau. (Fluisterre), 228; Laurac. 
 
 School, 154. 
 
 Ha verst raw. N. Y„ St. Peter’s School, 210. 
 Hawaiian Islands: Hilo, St. Mary's School, 
 172. Honolulu. St. Louis College, 172. 
 NVailuku, Catholic Mission School. 172. 
 Helena. Mont,., St. Peter's Indian Mission 
 School. 76. 
 
 Herman. Pa., St. Fidelis' College, si. 
 
 leberry. NVilliam P.(Columbus Club, Chi¬ 
 cago), 247. 
 
 ‘ Oassel, Ind.. St. John's School, 40. 
 nbotham. 11. N.. President NVorld’s Fair, 
 
 tmiuic’s School, 160. 
 i’s School, 138. 
 
 It School. 39. 
 
 ucis' School. 22, 141. 
 
 irome's C. T. A. B. a 
 
 High llil 
 Holland. 
 Holyoke 
 L.S 
 Hoyt, lit 
 Hudson. 
 Hunting 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind.. Sacred Heart School, 39. 
 St. Bridget’s School, 38. St. John’s Acad 
 emy. 36. St. John’s School, 39. St. Jo¬ 
 seph's School, 35. St. Mary's School, 38. 
 St. Patrick's School, 39. 
 
 Individual Exhibits, 244. 
 
 Installation of Exhibits. 244. 
 
 Isabella, Queen of Spain, 5. 6. 
 
 J 
 
 Jackson, Miss., St. Joseph's School, 158. 
 Jamestown, N. Y., Sts. Peter and Paul's 
 School, 30,2C2. 
 
 Jasper, Ind.. Jasper College. 39. 
 
 Jeannerette, La., St. Joseph's Academy, 181. 
 Jefferson. Texas. St. Mary’s Convent, 39. 
 JelfeJ-stThville, ind.. St. Augustine’s School, 
 
 Jersey City, N. J.. Catholic Institute. 198. 
 Jessing, Rev. Jos.. 19. 
 
 Johnstown, Pa., St. Columbus School. 81. St. 
 John's School. 84. St. Joseph’s School, 
 83. St. Mary’s School. 84. 
 
 257 
 
Joliet. 111., St. Francis' Academy. 125. 
 John’s School, 120. 
 
 Josephville. Mo., St. Joseph s School, 34. 
 
 Mishawaka, 1ml.. St. Joseph s School, 
 Mitchell. S. I).. Holy Family School. 106. 
 Mobile, Ala., Cathedral School. 106. St. ' i , 
 _ cent’s Academy, 166. ft. Vincente 
 
 ... ,, . School, 59, Visitation Academy, 100. 
 
 ■> \■ Monroe, Mich.. St Mary's Academy. 50._ 
 
 School, 120. St. VUteur s Col- Monroeville. U.. St. Joseph's School, 48. So. 
 
 Monroeville. Ind.. St. Rose of Lima School, 
 
 Kankakee, 11 
 
 Kansas'City, Mo^ Annunciation School, 17li. 
 Cathedral Commercial School, ITU. Sac¬ 
 red Heart School. 35. St. Patrick's 
 School,78. St. Theresa's Academy, 96. 
 Khukauna. Wls., Holy Cross School. 22, 141. 
 Keene N. H.. St. Joseph’s School. 164. 
 
 Kelly. James .1. (Columbus Club, Chicago), 
 
 Chari e 
 
 use Valley, N. J. 
 ley School. 191. 
 
 VIn- Origin of Exhibit. 4. 
 
 Oslikosh, Wls.. St. Ma 
 
 l’eter's School, 2s. i«. 
 
 Otis, Ind.. Sacred Heart School. 40. 
 .St. Fr. ' - 
 
 Our Lady of the Val- Rettssalaer. Ind.. St. Joseph's Normal Indian 
 
 255. 
 
 Resolutions of Archbishops, 24!). 
 
 School. 22. 1)2. St. Richmond. Ind , St. Mary's School.35. 
 
 ■ Richmond. Va.,St. Joseph's Academy. S2. St,. 
 
 Joseph's Asylum. 53. St. Patrick’s 
 Xavier's Academy, t '~‘ ' “ 
 
 Montgomery. Ala.. St. Mai 
 Mount Calvary, 'Vis.. Om 
 Carmel School. 135. 
 Mount Oliver. Pa.. St. Joseph : 
 Mount Pleasant. Mich. ' 
 
 Ottawa. ( 
 
 Lady of 5 
 
 d Heart School, 
 
 184. 
 
 Borromeo's 
 
 Kellyviile. 
 
 Iventland! x'mi”?St. John's School, 4(1 
 Kenosha, Wls., St. George s school, 14 
 Keshena Reservation. Wis., St. Joseph s It 
 dustrlal Indian Schools. 122.142. 
 Kewaunee. Wls., Holy Rosary School.21. 1) 
 Key West. Iowa. St. Joseph's School, las. 
 Kingston. N. V.. St. Joseph's School.210. 
 KlaasvHle, Ind., St. Anthony s school, 40. 
 Kokoma. Ind., St. Patrick's School. 40. 
 
 L 
 
 La Crosse, Wis.. Holy Cross School. 22. I 
 Holy Trinity School. 2? "" lMm 
 School, 22,142 °* T "' ” 
 
 Hr" Si 
 
 
 Morris. Ind .St. Anthony’s School, 38. 
 Morristown. Pa., St. Patrick’s school, 184. 
 Muncie. Ind.. St. Lawrence Schoo . 40. 
 Murphy. Dr. J. B. (Columbus Club. Chicago 
 
 1„ St. Aloysliis’ Schools. 103, 104. 
 enn., St. Bernard’s Academy. 150. 
 
 ton. si. Patrick’s 
 
 tcesli 
 
 .. bool. 22, 142. 
 
 iitliedral School. 22. 142. 
 School, 22. 142. St. Michael’s 
 nn’s Orphanage, 22.142. St. 
 
 ..s School, 22. 142. 
 
 Ind.. St. Ann’s School, 35. St. lg- 
 
 Napoleon. O., St. Augustine': 
 Nashua, N. H„ St. Aloysius’ 
 Nashville. Tonn., St. Beriiar 
 
 ’ ' s School. 150. 
 
 School, 150. 
 
 Natchitoches. La- St, M: 
 Natchez. Miss-Cathedra 
 157.108. Cathedral 
 s' (colored) Sole ' 
 
 Pete 
 
 ... .. W. Nosbiscb. 244 
 Ottawa, Out., Rev. E. A. M. Dawson. 244. 
 Owego. N. V- Sacred Heart School. 202. 
 
 P 
 
 Palestine. Tex., St. Mary's Convent, 39. 
 Palmer, T. W., Pres. National Commission 24,. 
 Paris. Ky.. St. Mary's School. 74. 
 
 Pass Christian. Miss.. St. Joseph's School, 158. 
 Paterson, N. J- St. John's School. 198. 
 Peabody, J)r. Selim H.. Address. 9; Cardinal 
 Rampolla letter.251: Catholic Education 
 
 ".' ime, 252: Chief Liberal Arts. 
 
 ng dav. 9: photographs. 247; 
 s. Archbishops. 249; tribute 
 
 I- Sacred noart Academy. 9(1. St. 
 •'s School. 97. St. Joseph’s School, 
 St. Patrick’s School, 138. 
 
 . St. Charles Borromeo School. 35. 
 horthand Institute, Detroit, Mich.. 
 
 School. 
 
 Rio Vista. Cal., St. Gertrude's Academy, 64. 
 and Paul's School, 34. Riordau. Very R< " ’ "" 
 
 Dav. web: 
 24J: op a 
 
 ..-,Mo ,Sts. Philip and James’ 
 
 School, 34. 
 
 Rockford. Ill- St. James’ School. 116. 
 
 Rock Val'ey. la.. St. Mary's School, 154. 
 
 Rome. Italy. Pope Loo X 111. Letter to Bishop 
 Spalding. 2. 
 
 Rondout. N. V.. St. Peter's School, 210. 
 Rosebank. N. V., St. Mary’s Scliool. 210. 
 Rosendale. N. V- St. Peter's School, 210. 
 Roxbury. Mass., Notre Dame Academy. 144. 
 Roxhury. Wis- St. Norbert's School, 141. 
 Rusliville, Ind- Immaculate Conception 
 School, 38. 
 
 S 
 
 s School. 35. St. 
 
 __ -13. 
 
 .. Oal- Sacramento Institute. 90. 
 
 Salamanca. N. V- St. Pat rick's School, 201. 
 Salem. Mass.. St. James’ School, 145. 
 
 San Diego. Cal., Our Lady of Peace Academy. 
 
 Nai 
 
 Lafayette. Ind-St. Ann's School. 35. st. tg- wpiisvllfe \vj s . St. Mary’s School. 23.142. 
 
 natius Academy. 13». ft. Mary sschool, g“* 8 A1 \Jany. Ind.. Holy Trinity School.89, St. 
 
 Mary’s Scliool, 89. , 
 
 New Alsace. Ind., Si Paul s school. *. 
 Newark. N..I-, SI. John's School. 191. St. Pat¬ 
 rick's Cathedra 
 
 I'll., 
 
 Mary's Benedict 
 
 
 ladeiphla. Pa., All Saints’ School, 184. Sate 
 
 American Catholic Historical Society, .. . . 
 
 elation Scliool. 184. Assump- San Antonio. Tex., San Fernando School, L3. 
 
 • ' ’ J Schools. St. Joseph's Academy, 39. St. Mary's 
 
 Conception 
 
 Lagro, Ind.. SI Patrick’s School. 40. _ 
 Lancaster. N. Y-St. Mary s scho. 
 
 Lansing, Iowa, Immaculate 
 School, 154. , , 
 
 Laporte. Ind- St. Rose s School. 40. 
 
 Las Cruces N. M- Visitation Academy. iS. 
 
 La Salle. III., St. Vincent’s School. 53. 
 
 Las Vegas. N. M . Immaculate Conceptioi 
 Academy. 77. Parochial School, ... 
 Latrobe. ra . Holy Family School, 83. 
 
 i o -....._- chool, 11 
 
 New Braunfels. Tex- Sts. l’et' 
 ' •hool, 39. 
 
 • and Paul’s 
 
 New Brighton. N. V- St. Peter's School. 210. 
 Newburgh, N. V- St. Patrick s schools. -U.i. 
 New Corydon. Ind- St. Mary s Academy and 
 .i om, n..l„Tr „ t.u S,. |iui .11. 
 
 Law 
 
 irg. Ind., 
 
 . Law 
 
 St. Mary's 
 
 School 
 
 red Heat 
 
 Lawren... . .... - . , , 
 
 Leadville. Col- ft. Uary s School, lBu. 
 
 League of Sacred Heart. 19, 244. 
 
 Lebanon, Ky., St. Augustine's Academy, ib. 
 Lee. Mass.. St. Mary’s School, 97. 
 
 Le Mars, la., St. James School, lo3. ft. Jo¬ 
 seph's School, 153. 
 
 Lewiston, Idaho, St. Aloysius Academy. 4J. 
 Lexington, Ky- St. Catharine's Academy. 
 74.87. St. Paul's School. 74, 87. St. Peter 
 diner's (colored) Scliool, 74, 87. _ 
 
 Lima. O- St. Rose of Lima School. 48, 85. 
 Linton Historical Charts. 156, 244. 
 
 Lists' Awards, 247. 248, 249: Classified Ex¬ 
 hibits. 243: Contributions to Expenses. 
 "52 2o3, 254; Individual Exhibits. 244: 
 Locat ion of Exhibits, 243. 
 
 Little Chute. Wis- District School. 21, 142. 
 Location of Exhibits, 243. 
 
 Look port. Ill- Sacred Heart School. 12). 
 Lockport. N. V. St. John's School. 30.201. st. 
 Joseph’s Academy, 30, 201. ft. I at nek s 
 School. 30. 201. St. Mary's School, 30. 201. 
 Logootoe. Ind., St. Joint's School. 3.>. 
 Logansport- Ind., St. Bridget’s School, 40. 
 St. Joseph’s Scliool, 40. ft. V lucent de 
 Paul’s School. 40. 
 
 Lonaconing. Md.. St. Mary’s Scliool. < 
 Longwoud. I li.. Our Lady of l 
 
 Institute. 128. ... 
 
 Loretto, Ky.. Loretto Ac demy. 76,344. 
 Goretto, Pa.. St. Aloysius Academy. 81. 
 
 Los Angeles. Cal.. St. Mary s Academy, 97. 
 Louisville. Ky.. St. Benedict’s Academy, .6. 
 St . Boniface’s School. 138. 
 
 Lowell. Mass-Parish School, 144. 
 
 Luxemburg, la.. Holy Trinity School, lot. 
 Luxemourg. Wis- St. Mary s school.20, 141. 
 Lynn. Mass- St. Mary's School. 144. 
 
 Lyons. Iowa, Our Lady of Augu.s seminary. 
 
 M 
 
 Madison. Ind., St. Michael's School, 35. 
 Malden, Mass., immaculate Conception 
 School, 137. , .... 
 
 Manchester, la . St. Xavier's School, la... 
 Manchester, N. II.. Academy of Jesu Marie. 
 165. Ml. St. Mary’s Academy. 164. St. 
 Agnes' School. 174. St. Augustine s 
 Academy. 163. St. Joseph s High school. 
 163. St. Joseph's Cathedral School, 164. 
 St. Mary’s Select School, 164. St.Patrick's 
 Orphanage. 104. St. Raphael’s School. 
 
 Maple Grove, Wis., St. Patrick's School. 21, 
 142. St. Mary's Institute. 21. 141. 
 Marinette. Wis- Academy of Lourdes, 22. 
 Marshfield. Wis., St Mary's School, 
 
 ■Martinez. Cal. .. 
 
 Institute, au. 
 
 Marysville. Cal- College of Notre Dame. 
 Mason City, la- St . Francis Academy. 15 
 Massillon. O.. ". ,a “ ,! - 
 
 laven. Ind., St. John Baptist’s School, 
 lexington, O., St. Aloysius' Academy. 
 London, Wls., Precious Blood School, 22, 
 
 u.ui. Schools, 184. Cathedral ... 
 
 1X5. Catholic Home, 188. Gesu School. 
 184. Holy Trinity School, 185. Immacu¬ 
 late Conception School. 185. La Salle 
 College, 188. Nativity School. 185. Notre 
 Dame Academy. 187. Our Lady of Help 
 School. 184. Our Mother of Consolation 
 School. 185. Our Mother < f Sorrows’ 
 Schools. 185. Roman Catholic High 
 School. 191. 192. St. Agatha's Schools. 
 184.185. St. Alphonsus School. 184. St. 
 Ann’s Schools. 1*5. St. Bona venture's 
 School. 184. St. Boniface Schools, 185. 
 St. Bridget's School. 185. St. Charles 
 Borromeo’s Schools. 185. St. Dominic's 
 Schools. 184. St. Edward’s School. 184. 
 St. Elizabeth's School. 184. St. Francis 
 Xavier’s School, 184. St. James' Schools. 
 
 John Baptist's Sc 
 Evangelist’s Schoo 
 Academy (Chestuu 
 soph's School. 185. 
 
 185. St. Mary's Sell 
 Assumntlon School 
 dajen de Pazzi School, l 
 
 184. 
 
 
 v Orleans. La- Dominica 
 i mn.'ii*n 1 ate Goncepth 
 e Bon Si' 
 
 Co lU-g 
 
 s. 181. 
 
 Sjsliot 
 
 .. 185. 
 
 . Patrick's 
 
 11 ach.y's School. 
 
 1 St. Ma'ry , Ma f S 
 ' St Mic' f 
 
 icfs 
 
 ■bools, 184. 
 
 Notre Dame de Bon Secour School, LSI. 
 St. Aloysius' Institute, los. st.Alphoi.sus 
 Schools and Convent, 179. lsl. ft. Jo¬ 
 seph's Academy. iso. St. Joseph s Com¬ 
 mercial School. 177. St. Joseph s -Or- 
 nhanage. 180. St. Mary's Assumption 
 Schools. 180. St. Michael's School. 181. 
 St. Philip's School. 181. xt. Mmeons 
 Select School, 212. llrsnhne Academy. 
 
 __..... .School. 
 
 Philip Neri’s Sc ools 185, St. Stephen's 
 School,185. St. Theresa's School. 184. St. 
 Vincent de Paul’s School. 185. St. Vin¬ 
 cent’s School. 186. Visitation Schools, 
 1x4. 1X5. C. T. A. and B. Union. 24-1. 
 Phoenixville. I’a- St. Mary's School, 184. 
 Photographic Views. 247. 
 
 Pine Bluff. Ark.. Annunciation Academy, 
 174. Colored Indust rial School. 175. 
 
 Pine ltidge. S. D., Holy Rosary Indian School, 
 
 New Richmond. Wis 
 
 it of Wisdom Sel 
 
 166. 
 
 217. Cathedral Schools 2( 
 La Salle Institute. 215. 
 School. 212. Holy 1 nno. 
 
 U ' o'i- f 
 
 .Boniface School. 154. 
 
 tv. N. V- Assumption School, 
 -i — i c-i.i, ‘>no l glo.214. De 
 
 nl‘s y Scho 0 ol S 
 1. and Acad- 
 .ption School. 
 
 (151st St.) 200. immacuiaic Conception 
 Schools. 209. Institution of Mercy. 21,. 
 La Salle Academy, 214. Manhattan Col¬ 
 lege. 214. M .St. Vincent's Academy. 
 211. Our Lady of Mt. Carmel School, 216. 
 Our Lady of Sorrows School. 1.1. ft. 
 Agnes' School. 217. St. Alphonsus 
 School. 209. SI. Augustine's School, 212. 
 St Brigid's Academy and Schools. 20,. 
 21.8, 212 St. Francis of Assissi's School. 
 216. St. Gabriel's Academy and 
 
 rome's Academy and S 
 John the Baptist's Schoo 
 Joseph’s Schools.^5, ^2t 
 
 erny and Schools._2) 9. 210 
 
 ool, pineville. La- Sacred Heart School, 39. 
 
 Pittsburg. Pa- Holy Cross School S3. Holy 
 Ghost College,80. Sacred Heart School. 
 
 83. St. Agnes' School. 83. St, Augustine's 
 School. 187. St. Benedict’s Colored 
 School, 83. St, Bridget's School. 83 St. 
 
 George's School, 84. St. James' School. 
 
 83. St. John’s School. 83. St.John the 
 Baptist's School. 83. St, Joseph’s 
 
 Schools. 84. St. Klernan’s School. 83. St. seuau. lex- si. rau 
 Malaohy’s School. 83. St. Mary’s Acad- Sedansville, O., Our 
 emy, 81. St. Mary's Schools. S3. St. School. 38. 
 
 Michael's Schools. Is7. St. Paul’s 
 Schools. 83. St. Patrick’s School. 8). St. 
 
 Peter's School,84. Sts. Peter ind Paul's 
 School. 39. Ursullne Convent. S3. 
 
 Plymouth. Did-St. Michael's School. 40. 
 
 Pope Leo XIII. Letter to Bishop Spalding. 2. 
 
 C liege. 173. 
 
 San Franelsco, Cal.. A cadi my of the Sacred 
 Heart. 57.73. Children's Day Home, TO. 
 73. College Notre Dame, 59. Immacu¬ 
 late Conception Academy.62. Our Lady 
 of Mercy Academy, 64.72. Sacred Heart 
 College. 56. 70. Sacred Heart Presenta¬ 
 tion Convent, 67. 72. Sacred Heart Kin¬ 
 dergarten. 68. St. Boniface School, 71. 
 St. Brigid’s School. 69. St. Francis Pre¬ 
 sentation < 'on vent. 67. 72. St. Francis' 
 Schools, 59. 70, 11. St. Francis Kinder¬ 
 garten, 68. St. Ignatius' College, 56. 
 St. Joseph’s Schools. 61. 68. 70. 169. St, 
 Patrick’s School. 52 St. Peter’s Schools. 
 56.66. St Rose’s Academy, 60. St. Rose’s 
 School. 68. 72. St. Vincent’s School. 52. 
 St. Brendan's Kindergarten. 62. Mt. St, 
 Joseph Kindergarten. 53. St. Francis 
 Technical School, 53. Mt. St, Joseph’s 
 Infant Orphan Asylum, 53. Roman 
 Catholic Orphan Asylum. 53. 
 
 San Jose. Cal- Notre Dame Col'ege. 59. St. 
 Aloysius' School. 59. St, Joseph's Col¬ 
 lege. 56. St, Joseph's School. 59. 
 
 San Leandro. Cal- Parish School.,60. 
 
 San Rafael, Cal-San Rafael College. School 
 and Kindergarten. 60. 61. 
 
 San Salvador Island (Archdiocese of New 
 York). 16. 
 
 Santa Clara. Ca l- Our Lady of Angels' Acad¬ 
 emy. 59. Santa Clara College, 56.70. 
 
 Santa Fe. N. M- Our Ludv of Light Academy, 
 77. Parish School. 77. 
 
 Santa Rosa, Oa]., Sacred Heart Academy. 68, 
 
 Saugerties. N. V., St, Mary's School, 210. 
 
 Sauk City. Wis- St. Aloysius' School. 23. 142. 
 
 Seliulenburg, Tex.. St, Joseph's School, 39. 
 St. Rose’s School. 39. 
 
 Scully. Daniel B. (Columbus 
 
 ib, Chi- 
 
 Scottdale. Pa., St. John's School, 83. 
 
 Seattle. Wash . Sacred Heart School, 143. 
 Secular Teachers. 40. 70, 71.86.89.185, 188,202. 
 Sedalla. Mo.. St. Vincent's School. 39. 
 
 Seal of the Catholic Educational Exhibit, 252. 
 Sedan. Tex.. St, Paul’s School, 39. 
 
 •ady of Perpetual Help 
 
 Seymour. Ind , St. Ambrose's School,3>. 
 Shamokin. Pa- St. Stanislaus School, 50. 
 Shawano. Wis- Sacred Heart School. 22. 142. 
 Sharon Hill. Pa- Academy of the Holy Child, 
 
 I.Je- 
 
 .. ..Jarbon, Pa.. St. Stephen's School. 184. - 
 
 •liool. 206. St. Port Huron. Mich.. Sacred Heart Academy, Slierr 
 Is, 172.209. St. 37. SingSl 
 
 ‘ Portsmouth, Va , St>. Joseph's School. 
 
 Mary's Acad- Pottsville. : 
 
 . Patrick's School, 181. St. 
 
 John Baptist’s Scliool. 184. 
 
 . . ...lulikeep-ic. N. Y- St. Mni-v's School. 200. 
 
 ny and School, Prairie du Chlen. Wis.. St. Gabriel's School, 
 :. 208. St. Pat- 23.142. St. Mary’s Institute. 23, 142. 
 
 lephen'sSchool, Providence, R. I„ La Salle Academy. 220. 
 
 Ms. 208,214. St. Publishers (Catholic). 244. 
 
 206. Pueblo. Col., St. Patrick's School. 160. 
 
 School, g 
 
 i School. 166. 
 
 . Christian Brothers Normal Nil 
 
 i, N. V- Niagara University, 28, 201). 
 
 No-fol 
 
 , O.. S 
 
 tephei. 
 . Mar 
 
 hool. t 
 •hool. 51 
 
 noy. Ill- SI 
 Ron! facets 
 
 Mary's Institute, 138. 
 
 R 
 
 Mauch Chutick, P 
 
 Me Dern: 
 McGregi 
 Memphi 
 
 mmaculate Com 
 ation Academy. 1 
 
 )ptio 
 
 „ u .uli Rldaevillc--- -, 
 
 Norwalk. ().. St. Mary's School. 48. 
 
 Paul's School. 47. 80. 
 
 Notre D ime. Ind.. Notre Dame Un 
 41. Bishops' Memorial Hall, 41. 
 lie Reference Library. 41. 
 Nyack. N. V- St. Ann's School. 210. 
 
 Minerai Point, Wis., St. Ma t 
 Minneapolis. Minn.. Holy 1> 
 Mllhausen. Ind.. St. Marys: 
 Millhank. S. D.. St- Lawr n 
 Millvale, Pa . St. 
 
 Oakland. Cal- Academy of 
 
 Lourdes and Kindergiirieii.no. .-aen-u 
 Heart Academy. 68. St. Francis de 
 Sales' Schools. 57.69. St. Joseph's Acade¬ 
 my. 50. St. Joseph's Institute, 56. St, 
 Lawrence School,09. St, Joseph's School. 
 68. St, Mary’s College, 56. St. Mary's 
 School, 68. 
 
 O'Brien. Hon. Morgan J. (New York).252. 
 Oconto. Wis., St. Peter’s School, 22. 112. 
 O’Fallon. Mo.. St. Mary's Institute, 34. 
 Officials, Worlds' Columbian Exposition, 247. 
 
 National Commission. 247. 
 
 Ogdens burg, N. Y., St. Mary's Academy, 255. 
 Oldenburg. Ind- Immaculate Conception 
 Venae my, 38. Holy Family School. 38. 
 
 . Racine. Wis. Holy Name School. 140. St- 
 
 86. St. Catharine's Academy. 140. St. Joseph’s 
 
 School. 140. St . Mary's school, 140. St. 
 ,-ersity, Patrick's School. 14i>. 
 
 Oatho- Reading, Pa . St. Paul's School, 184. 
 
 Receipts: List of Contributors, 252.25)!, 254. 
 Redwood City, Cal., Notre Dame Parish 
 School, 50. 
 
 Religious teaching orders of men: 
 
 ■ Lady of Augu=tinlan Fathers, 188. 
 
 18. Sacred Brothers of l be Christian Schools (Eu- 
 rancis de rope). 221 to 231. 
 
 "— •.Christian Schools (United 
 
 Sharpsburg. I’a., St. Joseph’s 
 Mary's School. 84. 
 
 Shelby ville. Ind- St. Joseph's School, 38. 
 Sheldon, Ind- St, Aloysius' School. 40. 
 
 la-Sts Peter and Paul's School. 154. 
 N. V., Si, Augustine’s School. 210. 
 Sioux City. la- St. Mary's School, 153. 
 
 Sioux Falls. S. D . St. Michael 
 St. Rose's Academy. 166. 
 
 Sisterhoods: 
 
 Benedictine Nuns, 74. 83, 87, 89,123,160.163. 
 Charity (Emmlttsburg), EO, 51, 53. 72. 118. 
 
 Charity (B. V. M ). 69. 72. 107, 152. 
 
 Charity iGreensliurg), 79. 
 
 Charity (Mt. St. Vincent), 17, 32, 203. 211 to 
 
 Charity (Mr, St, Joseph. Ohio). 48.85. 160. 
 Charity (Leavenworth'. 100. 
 
 Charity (Nazareth), 74. 87. 149. 174 to 170. 
 Christian Charity. 150. 184.203. 
 
 Divine Providence, 39. 81. 
 
 Dominicans. 20. 33. 48. 60. 71, 86. 116. 139. 141. 
 
 142. 160, 181. 203, 207.216. 
 
 Franciscans. 153,165. 216. 
 
 Good Shephe -- ' 
 
 
 S. 201. 
 
 147. Vfft! 1 
 
 . 50. n 
 
 54 56.7 
 
 . 85. 
 
 jt.hers of the Sacred ilea 
 
 i, 167. 
 
 1, 89. 
 
 Holy On . 
 
 Holy Family, 66. 71. 
 
 Holy Names. 68. 72.163. 
 
 Holy Child Jesus. 184 
 Humility of Mary. 48, 86. 
 
 Immaculate lleint of Mary. 50. 87, 184. 188. 
 190. 
 
 Incarnate Word. 21,142 
 Loretto. 75, 15!). 160. 
 
 Mercy. 27. 31, 62.72, 81,83,99, 102, 104, 124. 
 
 150. 153,158. 160. 104. 185. 202. 
 
 Notre Dame (Congregation of Montreal) 
 112. 126. 
 
 Wis’, Holy Trinity School, 134. Old Monroe. Mo.. Immaculate Conception 
 
 Notre Dame School Sisters and 
 vent, 134.141. St, Anthony’s School, 134. 
 St. Francis School. 134. St. Josapbat's 
 School. 134. St. Joseph's School. 131. St. 
 Mary's School, 134. St, Michael's School, 
 135. 
 
 chool,34. 
 Olean, N. V- St. 
 Omaha. Neb- St 
 
 lary’s School, 30. 
 
 Mary Magdalene's School. 
 -School, 35. St. Joseph'!: 
 
 __a. Pa.). 80. 81. 
 
 Franciscan Brothers. 21.31. 1S5. 202. 
 
 Holy Cross (Congregation of). 41). 41, 42. 4 
 44.87. 121.202. 
 
 llolv Ghost iCoiigregat Ion of). 80. 
 
 Jesuit Fathers. 46. 56, 70, 85,159, 178. 200. 2c 
 Lazarist Fathers. 27,31.200,202. 
 
 Precious Blood Fathers (Kenssalaer), 4 
 
 Notre Dante (Oincini 
 Notre Dame of Mil 
 (School Sisters!.: 
 
 land). 4 
 
 .11), 85. 110. 1 
 
 . 190. 
 
 I . Vint. 
 
 r (CO. 
 
 kee and Baltimor 
 ', 27. 40, 88. 113, 128. 
 
 ....80.185. 201. 
 
 Precious Blood. 34, 40. 85.89, 04. 
 Presentation Nuns, 67,72.153. 
 
 Polish Felician Sisters of Detroit. 50, s7. 
 Poor Handmaids of Christ. 40. 89. 
 Providence (Vigo Co.). 35, 40. 50.75,87, 88. 
 89. 112. 
 
 288