MURRAY'S FOREIGN II A \fmtinucd). JOOK Italian- Venice, Fe Genoa, The R Turax. Mi: r A-o. lit The 10. IT. LVENNA, KiMlN'l, ips an<:l Pla;is. pM->t HANDBOOK— CENTRAL ITALY, Floufnce, Llcca, Tuscanv,Umt'V a, The Marches, AND THE LATE Patrimony OF St. Peter. Mayl^fc Plans. PoatSvo. 10... HANDBOOK— ROME AND ENVIRONS. Maps and Plans. Po-^t 8ro. HANDBOOK-SbUTH ITALY, Naples and its Envihoxs PoMPEf cuLAKEUM, Vesuvius,. Sorrento, Capri, .fcc.-; Amat.fi, P.t^^Ti M, In^zi • Capua, Tar ..-. Maps. I-.. [\NDB00K-JArAN-YoKoH.VMA, Tokio, Kioto, 0/vka, Hakodate, Nagasaki, Xikko, Xacova, &e., Mo, Mav, ISS's Calicut svo. 15^. AVith Mav,> una Plans. Post Svo. 2ls, 7- HANDBOOK FOR TRAVELLERS IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE, WORCESTERSHIRE AND HEREFORDSHIRE. TEIED EDITION EE VIS ED. WITH MAP AND PLANS. LONDON : JOHN MUEEAY, ALBEMARLE STEEET. 1884. The right of Translation is Reserved. " A History of our Cathedrals is a History of our Country." — Press, With 420 Illustrations, 8 vols., post 8vo. HANDBOOKS TO THE CATHEDRALS OF ENGLAND AND WALES ; giving a History of each See, with Biographical Notices of the Bishops. %* St. Alban's, sold separately, 6s, Vols. L and IL— SOUTHERN DIVISION.— Winchester, Salisbury, Exeter, Wells, Rochester, Canterbury, Chiches- ter, AND St. Alban's. With 160 Illustrations. 2 vols. 36^. Vol. III. — EASTERN DIVISION. — Oxford, Peter- borough, Lincoln, Norwich, and Ely, With 90 Illustrations. 21^. Vol. IV.— WESTERN DIVISION.— Bristol, Gloucester, Worcester, Hereford, and Lichfield. With 50 Illustrations. 16s. Vols. V. and VI.— NORTHERN CATHEDRALS.— York, RiPON, Durham, Carlisle, Chester, and Manchester. With 60 Illustrations. 3 vols. aif. Vol. VIL— WELSH CATHEDRALS. — Llandaff, St. David's, St. Asaph's, and Bangor. With 40 Illustrations. 15^. Vol. VIIL— ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL.— By Dean Mil- man. With 21 Illustrations. los. 6d. With numerous Illustrations, post 8vo., is. 6d. each. HANDBOOKS TO THE CATHEDRALS OF Glou- cester, Hereford, and Worcester ; with a History of each Diocese, and Notices of the Bishops. By Richard I. King, B.A., Exeter College, Oxford. LONDON: PRINTED BT WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFOED STKEET AND CHARING CEOSS. PREFACE. This Handbook for the three Counties of Gloucester, Worcester, and Hereford, originally prepared from careful enquiry and the most recent information, having now reached a Third Edition, may claim to have discharged its office as a competent Guide for strangers and a work of reference for residents in the counties it describes. Great pains have been taken in each Edition to bring it up to the times, and in the present one will be found many new railways and routes. The frequent change of owners of property, and other various causes, make it difficult, if not impossible, to obtain a completely accurate Guide without assistance from those whose familiarity with the districts enables them to detect errors or omissions. A notice of such as may occur, addressed to the Editor, care of Mr. Murray, 50a, Albemarle Street, will be esteemed a favour. Much of the additional information contained in the present Edition has been contributed by friends and corre- spondents, to all of whom the Editor tenders his sincere thanks. June, 1884. ( ^ ) CONTENTS, Introduction .. .. page vii Sect. I.— GLOUCESTERSHIEE. ROUTES. ROUTE PAGE 1 London to Gloucester, by Swindon, [Cricklade] [Mal- mesbury] and Stroud . . 2 2 Swindon to Cirencester, and by Sapperton and Bisley^ to Stroud, by Road . . . . 27 2a Gloucester to Cheltenham, by Rail 39 3 New Swindon to Lechlade and Fairford 43 4 Gloucester to Monmouth and Chepstow, by Newnham, [Flaxley Abbey] the Forest of Bean, and Lydney , . 47 4a Chepstow to Coleford, by St. Briavels 54 5 Gloucester to Ross and Hereford 57 6 Gloucester to Bristol and Bath, by [Nailsworth'], [Bursley], and Berkeley . . 59 6a Bristol to Thornhury, by Yate Junct 94 7 Bristol to Chepstow and South Wales, by the New Passage 96 8 Bristol or Gloucester to the Forest of Dean, by Berke- ley Road Station, Sharp- ness, Lydney, Speech House and Lydbrook-on-Wye . . 100 9 Cirencester to Bath, by Tet- bury, by Road 102 10 Oxford to Evesham, by Charlburyy Adelstrop, More- ton-in-Marsh, and Chipping- Campden 112 11 Honeyboume Station to ROUTE PAGE Stratford-on-Avon, by Long Marston 121 12 Oxford to Cirencester, by Witney, Burford, Lechlade, and Fairford 128 13 Fairford to Bibury and Ciren- cester, by Road 125 14 Oxford to Cheltenham, by Stow-on-the-Wold, Icomb, and Bourton-on-the-Water 126 15 Cirencester to Gloucester, by Birdlip and Lechhampton, by Road 130 16 Cirencester, by Edgeworth and Birdlip, to Gloucester, by Road 136 17 Cirencester to Cheltenham, by Cubberley, Seven Wells, and Charlton Kings,hy'RoaLd 137 11 Cheltenham to Burford, by Northleach, by Road . . . . 141 19 Cheltenham to Stow-on-the Wold, by Andoversford, by Road .. .. 147 20 Gloucester to Newent, and Dymock, by Road . . . . 148 21 Gloucester, by Staunton, [Swar] to Ledbury, by Road 153 22 Gloucester to Tewkesbury and Worcester 155 23 Ashchurch to Evesham and Alcester 163 24 Cheltenham to Winchcombe, Broadway and Evesham, by Road 165 25 Winchcombe to Evesham, by Toddington, by Road . . 171 vi Contents, Sect. II.— WOECESTERSHIRE. EOUTES. ROUTE PAGE 26 London to Worcester^ by Evesham and Pershore . . 173 27 Worcester to Wolverhamp- ton, by Droitwich, Kidder- minster^ Stourbridge^ Hales- owen^ and Dudley . . . . 192 28 Worcester to Birmingham, by Stolie Prior and Bromsgrove 214 29 Evesham to Birmingham, by Alcester and Redditch . . 221 30 Worcester to the ilfaZverws.. 223 ROUTE PAGE 31 Great Malvern to Ash- church, by Upton - on - Severn 232 32 Worcester to Bromyard . . 236 33 Worcester to Stourporty Bewdley, and Tenhury . . 238 34 Worcester to the Hundred House, by Witley . . . . 244 35 Worcester to Cheltenham and Gloucester, by Tewkes- bury 250 Sect. Ill— HEREFORDSHIRE, KOUTES. ROUTE PAGE 36 Gloucester to Boss and Hereford 255 37 Ross to Hereford, by Road . . 273 38 The Biver TTi/e— Ross to Monmouth: A. By Road. B. By the River. C. By Ross and Monmouth Railway . . Worcester to Hereford, by Malvern and Ledbury Hereford to Leominster and Ludlow 39 40 276 284 291 ROUTE PAGE 41 Leominster to Kington^ and Presteign {hy Railway), and Leintwardine (by Road) . . 42 Hereford to Hay and Brecon 43 Hereford to Abergavenny and Newport, by Pontrilas \_Abbey Bore] Hereford to Bromyard and the Hundred House, by Road 300 309 315 44 323 Index 328 MAP AND PLANS. Gloucester Cathedral .. page 15 | Worcester Cathedral page 185 Hereford Cathedral ., .. page 265 Map of Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, and Herefordshire at the end. Bp Bishop. Centy. .. Century. Dec. . . Decorated. Ear. Eng. Early En- glish. E East. Inhab. .. Inhabitants. ABBEEVIATIONS. N. .. .. North. Norm. .. Norman. Perp. Perpendicu- lar. rly. .. Railway. S South. Temp. .. Tempore. T. G. .. Turnpike Gate. T. R. ..Turnpike Road. Sil. Sys. Silurian Sys- temo W West. ( vii ) INTRODUCTION. GLOUCESTERHSIRE. WORCESTERSHIRE. PAGE page vii Description xxiii Geological Features xiv Geology Bristol Co al-Field XV xxiv xvii The Malvern Hills xxvi Rivers — The Bore in the Objects OF Interest .. xxviii xviii xxi Railways xxix Objects of Interest xxii HEREFORDSHIRE. Description and History xxx Productions xxxvi Roman Roads xxxiii Rivers xxxvii Geology xxxiv Railways xxxviii Ecclesiastical Division . . xxxvi Objects of Interest .. xxxviii GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Gloucestershire — in the Saxon Chronicle Gleauceastrescire, and in Domesday Gloivec^ scire — obtains its name from its capital, '* Gleawanceaster" — a term of Saxon invention, composed of the Wel.-^h " Glou,'* which the Romans made " Glevum " and the Saxonised Latin word "ceaster." The same meanino;, i. e, fair city, is expressed by the British words " Cair " or " Kair GlouJ^ It includes an area of 804,997 acres, or 1258 square miles, of which 639,264 acres were under crop, according to a return of 1880, but is of such irregular shape that it is difficult to give accurate measurements of its extent. Its greatest length in a direct line, from Bristol to Clifford Chambers, is 64 miles in a N.E. direction, and its width, taken at right angles from Down-Amney to Preston, near Ledbury, in a direct line, is 33. As regards area and population, it is the seventh largest of English counties, its population amounting in 1881 to 572,433, or 455 persons per square mile, being a little less than the average density of the population of England, which is now about 482 per square mile, and its inhabited houses to 108,711. It is subdivided into 338 parishes, and contains 2 cities with 26 market-towns. The diocese of Gloucester and Bristol comprises the viii Natural Divisions, Introd. county of Gloucester, the deaneries of Malmesbury and Cricklade in Wilts ; the county of the city of Bristol with the parishes of Bedminster and Abbot's Leigh in Somerset. It is divided into 3 archdeaconries, 21 deaneries, and 467 benefices, including a million of acres and a population of more than 700,000. Its natural and familiar distribution is into hill, vale, and forest. 1. The hill, or Cotswold district, extends from Broadway to Bath, and from Birdlip hill to Burford, containing about 300 square miles and 297,800 acres. The name is composed of the British " Coed " and the Saxon "Weald," both having the same meaning, viz. a wood, William of Worcester supposes the term to be derived from the parish of Cotes, which he thus describes : " Villa cotys unde mons Cotyswold fortuito nomen, distat per iii* miliaria a Cyssetre prope le Fosseway, versus Bristolium." This extensive range being a considerable elevation above the sea, its air is sharp, and consequently its harvest-time is nearly a fortnight later than that of the surrounding low grounds: hence the adage, " 'Tis as long in coming as Cotswold barley." In appearance the " Wolds " have a billowy aspect, falling at intervals into valleys through which the natural drainage of the adjoining lands is carried off: thus every dip has its rill and every valley its brook. The sides of the hills abound with springs. The general features are pleasing — a succession of hill and valley relieving the landscape, whilst villages, farms, and mansion-houses afford an agreeable variety in the route — though " the high wild hills and rough uneven ways " which in the reign of good Queen Bess, Shakespeare informs us, did " draw out the miles and make them wearisome," prevent even now rapid travelling in parts of this mountainous district. There is a local subdivision of this long mountainous range, viz. the part between Bath and Badminton is called " the South Wolds be- tween Tetbury and Woodchester the district is spoken of as " the Stroud water Hills and the remaining portion alone is mentioned as being " Cotswold,''^ Leland remarks, "Communely through al Glocestershire there is good plenty of com, pasture, and wood, saving at Cotswold, wher the great flokkes of sheepe be, and yet in sum places ther groweth fair corn. The soil in the stony fields about Circestre is more apt for Barle than whete. Thereabout, as in Coteswold, is smawl plenty of wood, except in few places kept of necessite." — Itin,, vol. v. p. 64. Early in the 18th century Lord Bathurst caused a considerable tract of these downs near Cirencester to be enclosed with walls, the enclo- sures to be planted and cultivated on an improved system of farming, but nearly half a century elapsed before other portions of the Cotswolds experienced such advantages ; Marshall, writing in 1788, remarks that " 30 years ago this district lay almost entirely in an open state, viz. in arable common fields, sheep walk, and cow down. At present it may be said to be in a state of enclosure, though some townships yet remain open." The effects of these enclosures have been very beneficial. The arable Gloucestershire. Cotswold District. ix land in an open state was of little value, and its improvement has been threefold, chiefly effected by turnips and the cultivated grasses. Stimulated by the enterprise and success of Lord Bathurst, the Cots- wold district has since that period experienced a beneficial change of cultivation. Instead of producing only a scanty herbage for the keep of sheep, the downs, converted into arable enclosures, have now become, by diligent husbandry, of immense importance to the increasing popu- lation of the metropolis and manufacturing districts. Besides the 20,000 fat sheep sold in the Cirencester market every spring, and the ' large numbers exported from the other towns through the hills, the corn crops and the number of cattle ready for the butcher annually supplied from this productive table-land, would surprise the curious in agricultural statistics. The wool of the Cotswold flocks was an import- ant article of commerce from an early period ; indeed many of its towns and villages are indebted for their capacious and interesting ecclesiastical edifices to the pious munificence of wealthy wool-merchants in the 14th and 15th centuries. Camden states that it was in much esteem on the Continent. Drayton, admitting its inferiority to the wool of Here- « fordshire in regard to fineness, thus praises its abundant supply and whiteness : — " the sheep our Wold doth breed (The simplest though it seeme) shall our description need, And shepheard-like, the Muse thus of that kind doth speak. No browne, nor sullyed black the face or legs doth streak Like those of Moreland, Cank, or of the Cambrian hills That lightly laden are ; but Cotswold wisely fills Her with the whitest kind ; whose browes so woolly be As men in her fair sheepe no emptiness should see. The staple deep and thick, through, to the very graine Most strongly keepeth out the violentest raine — A body long and large, the buttocks equal broad As fit to undergoe the full and weightie load." — Polyolhion, Kudder states that " it was from the Ryelands in Dymock that King Edward lY. obtained some sheep which he preeented to the Spanish monarch, from the breed of which England has been supplied with wool for our finest manufactures ; and there is a cherished tra- dition that the animals to whom Spain was indebted for her wool trade were procured from the Cots wolds." Tradition is the only authority for both statements. Every description of the rough yet invigorating pastoral amusements of the Middle Ages were celebrated at VVhitsuntide throughout this extensive and open country until the interruption of the Civil Wars. Ben Jonson wrote — " The Cotswold with the Olympic vies In manly games and goodly exercise." These sports included — not only horse-racing, coursing matches, bull- baiting, cock-fighting — but football, skittles, quoits, wrestling, leaping. X Forest District Introd. dancinor, pitching the bar, jumping in sacks, cudgels, single-stick, shovel-board, and tables. 2. " The vale includes the tract of rich land on the left bank of the Severn known as the Yales of Berkeley and of Gloucester — its soil a rich deep loam, fitted by intrinsic quality for the production of every vegetable suited to its specific nature and the latitude it lies in ; but by a redundancy of moisture it is chilled, weakened, and rendered much less productive than soils which enjoy equal richness and equal depth usually are. The seasons on this side of the Severn are a week or ten days later than on the opposite bank. The Cotswold hills, rising high above its level, give a continual supply of coolness and moisture ; while the over Severn district has no such mass of mountain rising imme- diately behind it." — Marshall, Its extent from Aust Cliff to the foot of Matson Hill is 25 miles, and its width has been estimated at 4 miles. It includes about 80 square miles : — " The vale of Severn, Nature's garden wide By the blue steeps of distant Malvern walled, Solemnly vast. The trees of various shades Scene behind scene, with fair delusive pomp. Enrich the prospect." 3. The forest district, on account of its separation by the Severn, becomes a third natural division, and is a fertile peninsula situate between two famous rivers, which, deriving their source from the springs of Plinlimmon, pursue a devious course for many hundred miles, and unite their waters in effecting the boundary of this favoured locality, in which can be found long vistas of forest-scenery, parks re- markable for their sylvan beauties, coal-mines, ironworks, and land of the most productive quality, justifying the old couplet :— " Bless'd is the eye Between the Severn and the Wye.'* Cider of an excellent quality is obtained from the orchard planta- tions of this fertile district, and fruits are exported in very considerable quantities to the manufacturing districts. An early blossom is found to be prejudicial to an abundant supply of fruit, and hence the Gloucestershire orchard-owners say — " When apple-trees blossom in March, For your barrels you need not search ; When they blossom in April, Some of them you may chance to fill ; But when they blossom in May, You may drink cider all day." Gloucestershire is pre-eminently rich in antiquities : indeed there are but few of its parishes in which traces of Roman inhabitancy have not Gloucestershire. Roman Bemains and Boads. xi been discovered. This portion of the island was first invaded by this famous people in a.d. 45, when Plautius routed the Dobuni (who were unprepared for such opponents), pursued their terrified crowds, and obtained a submission to his rule. This condition of affairs did not long continue, and the invaders were engaged in constant hostilities with the tribe, until, after various battles, a compromise was effected, and Arviragus, having accepted a natural daughter of Claudius in marriage, the Dobuni were received on terms of friendship, and throughout their territory a line of camps was constructed, and military roads made for protection against neighbouring hostile tribes, and also to keep in check the SilureSj whose country extended up to the right bank of the Severn. This chain of fortresses may be traced along the southern bank of the Severn, beginning on the eminence over the St. Vincent rocks at Clifton, and extending upwards of 40 miles in a north-easterly direction to Bredon Hill, and so placed as to be serviceable, not only as strongholds, but also as affording facilities of communication with each other by signal. These encampments are very accurately described in the * Archasologia,' vol. xix. pp. 161-75. When the Roman conquests were extended beyond the Severn, Gloucester city (Glevum Castrum) became, from its position on that river, a place of great importance to the conquerors, not only as a military, but also as a commercial station, whilst Cirencester (then known as Corinium Castrum)^ on the hills at the junction of several military roads, and defended by substantial walls, was not only jealously guarded as a central military position, but as the resort for pleasure and repose. On the division of England into provinces, the inhabitants acquired the appellation of Hwiccii, and their district that of Gleauceastre-scire, The quantity and quality of the remains excavated in recent years, especially those recovered at Cirencester, Ched worth, and Woodchester, bear abundant and conclusive testimony to the luxurious and laborious efforts of the Romans to civilize and enlighten the classes among whom they were resident. Among the many facts which establish the importance of Corinium, none are more conclusive than the Roman Vice, four of which branched from Corinium : — 1. The Irmin or Ermine Street commenced at Glevum (Gloucester), and, passing through Cirencester, extended to Calleva, near Walling- ford, and to Silcbester, where it branched off S. to Venta and E. to Londinium^, 2. Acman Street proceeded in a nearly direct line S.W. to Aquae Solis (Bath). 3. Ickneild Street took its exit from Corinium in an easterly direc- tion to the country of the Iceni. 4. The Fosseway, one of the most perfect of the Roman roads, ob- serves nearly a straight course from Cirencester through Stow-on-the- Wold to Moreton-in-the-Marsh, after passing which place it leaves Gloucestershire. It forms a kind of prolongation of the Acman Street, Saxon Domination. Introd. and is raised above the ground through which it runs to an unusual height, its trenches being excavated on each side to a great depth. " OccasioDally the plough turns up some relic or memorial of Roman times in Britain, some vase, or urn, or column, or capital, or tessellated pavement, or shattered altar ; but to my mind the chief evidence of the power which Rome wielded and the civilization she diffused is to be found neither in camp nor temple, neither in pavement nor pottery, so much as in those great military roads which were carried through the length and breadth of the country." — Lord Carnarvon, Leland supposed these famous roads to have been constructed by the Britons — " Cummyng from Glocester to Cirecestre almost yn the middle way betwyxt wher the wood fayleth and champayne countrey toward Coteswold appereth, the faire old way made by the Britons, ys very evidently seen, and so goeth as strayt as a Line to Cirecester and fro thens to Bathe — But sum wold, that the way from Cirecester to Bath should be the Very Fosse and the way betwyxt Cirecester toward Glocestre to be an other of iiii ways made by the Britons. The Abbat of Cirecester told me that about Cirecestre should be crosse meating of al the iiii ways." — Itin, p. xi. Corinium, thus situated, was peculiarly adapted for the centre of a peaceable colony, being itself well defended, accessible by so many approaches, and well protected by fortresses on its only exposed side. That it possessed all the characteristics of a metropolis, as well as being a place of luxurious retirement, is conclusively established by the remains preserved in its local museum, which have been found within its area and without the walls whenever the ground has been opened — coins from Claudius, a.d. 42, to Yalentinian, a.d. 424 ; millstones of trachyte or volcanic grit from Andernach on the Rhine ; Samian and other pottery. The period when the Severn valley was first inhabited by the Saxons has been fixed by Dr. Guest, from entries in the Saxon Chronicles, to be after the battle of Deorham in a.d. 577. " Previous to this event the whole basin of the Severn and a large portion of the Cots wold, that is of the high upland drained by the Thames, were in possession of the Welshmen. Their great fortress to the East was Cirencester." — Guest. Early in the 6th century the Saxon invaders had received an acces- sion of strength which enabled the King of Wessex to compel the Britons and the Romanized Britons to retire from the district of Hants, and by pushing their inroads into the country of the Welsh, were enabled to acquire fresh territory. In a.d. 552, Cynric defeated a vast body of the Britons at Old Sarum, and four years subsequently, the sanguinary yet decisive battle at Barbury Hill, near Swindon, gained by Cynric and Cealwin, expelled the Welshmen from the country of the Wilsaetas, which was then annexed to the kingdom of Wessex. In A.D. 571, the Saxons were enabled ** to lead an army into the rich and beautiful valley of the Severn. The expeditionary force must have advanced along the Roman road from Winchester to Cirencester and Gloucestershire. The Heptarchy, xiii then skirting the borders of Braden forest, to have reached the Fosse. Down this great highway they passed, harrying the country west of it, and on a chain of hills which commands magnificent views of the valley, lies the village of Deorham (Dyrham). Near it is an ancient earthwork where we may conjecture the men of the neighbourhood had retreated with their valuables, and where our ancestors were pre- paring to attack them when the Welshmen came to the rescue, and the battle of Deorham was the result." This event is thus noticed in the Saxon Chronicle. King Cealwin, with his son Cuturne, defeated the British Kings Commagil, Condidan, and Farinmagil, at Deorham (Dyrham), and took the cities of Gleawan-ceaster, Cyren-ceaster, and Bathan-ceaster. This battle sealed the fate of South Britain, the loss of these three cities separating for ever the Britons of Wales from those of Cornwall, and left the Saxons in quiet possession of the country on the left bank of the Severn. The Saxon chronicle informs us that " in A.D. 584 Ceawlin and Cutha fought with the Brits at the place that is called Fethanleag (Fretherne), and there Cutha was slain, and Ceawlin took many towns and countless booty, and angry he returned to his own country." Although Fretherne has been accepted by many writers as the locality of this battle, this fact is disputed by Dr. Gruest, who suggests Faddeley, near Nantwich in Cheshire, as the spot indicated (Archaeol. Instit. 1862). The district from Chepstow to the Malverns became debatable ground between the Britons and Saxons for at least two centuries, until the former could be forced to retreat to the right bank of the Wye. " The possession of Gloucester would naturally tempt our Ancestors to cross the river. If we may trust the Welsh legend, they carried their inroads, even at that early period, as far westward as the Wye. The history of the English conquests, west of the Severn, involves questions of great difficulty." — Quest Under the Heptarchy, this county was the western part of the ex- tensive kingdom of Mercia, which was guarded by three great rivers which ran into the sea : the Humber, Thames, and Severn. Winch- combe and Kings tanley were residences of its kings in this county. Crida, first King of Mercia, reached England in a.d. 584 ; in a year he was crowned, and he enjoyed a rule of ten years. Penda, the fourth King, was a Prince of very restless habits, who hated peace worse than death. He was engaged in continuous warfare with the Kings of Wessex and East Anglia. In a.d. 620 there was a fierce battle be- tween Cynegils and Quichelm, Kings of Wessex, and himself near Cirencester, which was stopped by night coming on, and in the morning an amicable arrangement was effected. From the battle of Deorham until the accession of Ofifa in 957, a period of nearly 200 years, the country between the Severn and Wye was the debatable ground between the English and Welsh. Offa, one of the most renowned of the kings that reigned in England during the Heptarchy — Rex formidolosus Offa — made war upon those Saxon Princes who disputed his pretended rights, and when thus occupied xiv Geological Features, Introd. the Welsh took advantage of the opportunity to invade his kingdom and obtain possession of some of its towns. Ofifa immediately con- cluded a peace with the English, and turning his arms against the Welsh, he not only quickly compelled them to abandon their conquests in Mercia, but also the country beyond the Severn, which he caused to be colonized with English, and he had a rampart thrown up, defended by a large ditch, to separate his conquests from the rest of Wales. This rampart, which is still traceable, reaches from the mouth of the Dee to the Severn below Chepstow, and is known as Clawdh Offa or Offah dyke. Geological Features. " The physical character of this county — its hills, and valleys, and river channels — arises out of its geological structure ; and, owing to the general absence of local deposits, there is an unusually close connection between the character of the soils and that of the strata beneath. The geological map of this county preserves, therefore, a much higher agri- cultural value than does one of any of the eastern counties, where the regular strata are covered up by enormous and variable beds of gravel and clay whose boundaries have not been surveyed." — Bravender. " The geological formation of the Cots wolds strongly supports the belief in the existence of a great channel of the sea, extending southwards, presenting sloping escarpments to the Severn, with salient and re-enter- ing angles, precisely like the headlands of a shore formed by the action of a sea acting upon the soft and hard materials. At the base of these oolitic hills are masses of local detritus in the form of sand and shingle, as before described. On the opposite side, the sharp ridge of the Mal- verns stands out like a mural buttress on the flank of the Silurian region, reminding the traveller of rocks of similar form and composition on the sides of straits. The rocks composing the inferior oolite in the Cotswold hills are all more or less calcareous. They rise to the west from beneath certain clays and flag-like beds (Stonesfield slate), and occupy a thickness of about 150 ft. The organic remains in these hills are very numerous. The lias or base of the oolitic system forming the subsoil of the whole of the Vale of Gloucester, extending from the Cotswold hills to the Severn, is divided into the upper lias and lower lias shale. The upper lias shale consists of a bluish clay which ranges along the escarpment of the hills, and may be seen on the sides of many of the roads, where they begin to descend into the valley. This zone of clay (60 or 70 feet in thickness) is marked by the outburst of water either in the form of springs, or indicated by rushes and wet ground. It forms, in fact, the retentive support of all the rain-water which percolates the overlying porous strata of the inferior oolite, and thus gives rise to the river Chelt, to the seven springs or chief sources of the Thames, and to all the streamlets which, descending from the Cotteswold, are tributaries of the Severn. The lower lias shale occupies the greater portion of the Vale of Gloucester and Evesham. It is a dark-coloured calcareo-argillaceous and finely-laminated deposit, and is Gloucestershire. Bristol Coal-field. XV in general so flat and so much covered by the fine debris of the oolite escarpment that any estimate of the destruction it has undergone can be formed only by considering the depth to which the vale has been denuded. The right bank of the Severn in the environs of Gloucester is occupied by several plateaus of lias, which in some points of their escarpment, as at the W. part of Highnam Court, present good sections of the passage of the lowest beds of the formation into the marls of the new red sandstone. The lower lias also occupies the hills between Deer- hurst and Tewkesbury, and is quarried at Forthampton and Bushley." — Murchison, Those who travel by the Great Western Railway from Gloucester to Swindon will pass over in their journey the entire series of beds known to geologists under the general term " J urassic." Gloucester stands upon the Lower Lias, the basement of the whole series. As the rail ascends the escarpment of the Cotswolds it passes over the Middle and Upper Lias and the entire thickness of the Inferior Oolite. On emerging from the Sapperton tunnel the traveller sees the Great Oolite, like a wall, upon either hand. At a point about a mile before reaching Kemble Station, where Tetbury Road Station formerly stood, is a thin layer of Bradford Clay, with its characteristic fossils, which is succeeded by the " Forest Marble," a portion of the Great Oolite series. At Kemble a small patch of " Cornbrash " is brought in by a fault, of which formation a larger tract is passed over just before approach- ing Oaksey. Oaksey itself stands upon the *' Oxford Clay," which the line follows till about a mile beyond Purton, when the " Coral Rag " succeeds, upon a hill of which the village of Purton stands. But the line soon passes on to the " Kimmeridge Clay," which it traverses until the station at Swindon brings us to the foot of the hill of " Portland Oolite," on which the town of " Old Swindon " is built. Bristol Coal-field. " The base of this coal-field is formed by the mountain limestone, which in this district is from 600 to 1000 yards in thickness, having a thin bed of coal, about 6 inches thick, some 200 yards below its upper surface. Immediately upon this limestone is the millstone grit, which is thickest at its northern end, developing at Cromhall and Yate to the extent of 400 or 500 yards in thickness. It is considered barren of coal- seams, but is so fine-grained and silicious, that when ground and mixed with suitable fire-clay it makes a useful fire-brick. " Taken from the north end at Cromhall to the apex of the anticlinal that crosses the field from east to west at Kingswood, its length is 10 miles ; its widest part is in a line with the said anticlinal, and is 7 miles ; its average width, however, cannot be taken at more than 5 miles, and the area is therefore about 50 square miles. The portion of the coal-field S. of this anticlinal is about 100 sq. miles, 9-lOths of which is covered by new red marls, lias, and oolitic rocks. The N. end xvi Bristol Coal-field. Introd. has more than 3-5ths of its surface laid bare by denudation, and hence its more early development. The total thickness of the coal-measures proper, taken in the centre of the N. portion of the basin between the Park Field and Coalpit Heath Collieries, is about 2000 yards ; the area of that part above Pennant is estimated at 5 sq. miles, or 3200 acres ; and taking it at 1250 tons to the acre per foot thick, or 12,500 tons to the acre on the total thickness of 10 feet, it is concluded there was originally 40,000,000 tons of coal, 10,000,000 tons of which it is esti- mated is already worked, leaving 30,000,000 tons more to be wrought by the energy, capital, and skill of the future. The present out-put is estimated at about 250,000 tons a-year, and at the present rate of production, therefore, this part of the basin will be exhausted in 120 years. The coal in this part is highly bituminous and free-burning, and is chiefly adapted for household and gas purposes. In that part lying below Pennant, five seams have been noted, but there are only three that are workable, the total area of which is about 8 square miles, or 5120 acres, and, taking the former estimate of 1250 tons to the acre per foot thick, that will give 6250 tons to the acre in the three seams named, and a total quantity of 31,500,000 tons. Very little of this coal has been worked ; but as the smking is excessively hard and very heavily watered, and as the roof over the coal is in most cases rock, and yields a large amount of water, and, further, as over three-fifths of the entire area the depth would be very considerable, it is estimate that the coal that can be worked with a profit from this part should not be reckoned at more than 10,000,000 tons. This coal is chiefly adapted for smiths* purposes, and is very friable and soft in its nature, yielding a large proportion of small. " The Pennant Rock is a silicious grit rock, interstratified with thin beds of ironstone and bands of coal, and in some parts with coal-shales, and forms a very distinguishing feature of all the coal-fields in the south-western districts of England and Wales. " The largest and most important division of seams in the Bristol coal- field is that series immediately below the Pennant, which is estimated at 900 yards thick. The total area of this series is taken to be 40 square miles; and supposing we deduct the 8 square miles covered by the last series (the Pennant) as being too deep to work, and suppose we also deduct 7 square miles more for the coal already worked, wasted, and faulty, we then have 25 square miles left to work, and it is thought we may fairly calculate upon having that quantity, and in this series it is estimated there are 15 veins of workable coal (excluding all under 15 inches thick) of an aggregate thickness of 3 feet ; and taking the former estimate as the basis of the present calculation, it is concluded that there are 37,500 tons to the acre in this series, or 24,000,000 tons to the mile, and 600,000,000 tons yet to work. This coal varies a good deal in character, but it may chiefly be regarded as a half-bituminous and half-steam coal. The dip is also various, but may be taken as varying from 15° to 45° in the collieries now worked. It is in this series that the celebrated Kingswood collieries have been worked for the last 150 GrLOUCESTERSHiRE. Bailways. xvii or 200 years ; and there are pits workinc^ in the veins in this series to a depth of from 400 to 500 yards."' — Cossham, " The small carboniferous tract near Newent is of such little value that it scarcely deserves the name of a coalfield. The measures rise to the surface in such thin patches along the junction-line of the new and old red sandstone, that it is scarcely possible to indicate them. They are usually found resting on the old red sandstone, and covered by the new." — Murchison, "The coal-measures in the central parts of Dean Forest are 2310 feet d«^ep, of which the upper shales amount to 1255 feet, and the central sandstones to about 1055 feet ; the lower shales are wanting. There are 27 beds of coal, making an aggregate thickness of 40 feet 8 inches. These seams vary from 1 or 2 inches to 2 or 3 feet, and in one instance (Coleford High Delf) to 5 'feet. The millstone-gvit is from 265 to 455 feet thick." More detailed particulars of this forest can be found in a descriptive account of it by the Rev. H. G. Nich.olls, 12mo., 1850-1858. Railways. The railway communications of Gloucestershire are supplied princi- pally by branches of the Great Western and Midland Lines, or by companies working in connection with them. These are — A. The Gloucester and South Wales section of the Great Western Railway, which commences at Swindon, enters Gloucestershire just beyond Kemble, pierces the Cotswold range by the Sapperton Tunnel, and passes down the Chalford valley to Gloucester, and on to South Wales down the right bank of the Severn, and skirting the Forest of Dean to Chepstow. This line has the following subordinate branches : 1. From Kemble to Cirencester. 2. From Gloucester to Cheltenham. 3. From Gloucester to Ross, Hereford, and the North, connecting Gloucester with Hereford and the picturesque scenery of the Wye. 4. From Lydney Junction, thvousih the Forest of Dean, to Lydbrook Junct., where it meets the Ross and Monmouth Railway. 5. From Portskewet, near Chepstow, by Tintern to Monmouth. The Great Western Rly. from Gloucester is connected with the Severn and Wye Rly. by a great Viaduct over the Severn at Sharpness. A cross line between Monmouth and Ross, passing through Lydbrook Junction, connects the northern extremities of these three last-mentioned railways. On the eastern side of the county — B. The Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton section of the Great Western Railway runs from Oxford station by Chipping Norton Junc- tion and More ton-in -Marsh to Worcester. G., W. & H, xviii Elvers, Introd. From this line there are branches — 1. From Oxford to Fairford. This line will shortly be extended to Swindon via Cirencester, by a company in connection with the Swindon, Marlborough, and Andover. 2. From Chipping Norton Junction, via Bourton-on-the- Water, to Cheltenham. 3. From Honeybourne station through the Long Marston district to Stratford-on-Avon. C. The Midland Railway connecting Derby with Bristol enters Gloucester near Ashchurch, and places Gloucester in direct communi- cation with Bristol, Bath, Cheltenham, and Worcester. The Gloucestershire branches of the Midland Railway are as follows : 1. From Ashchurch stat. to Tewkesbury and Malvern. 2. From Ashchurch to Evesham. 3. Stonehouse stat. to Nails worth. 4. Frocester stat. to Dursley. 5. Berkeley Road stat. to Berkeley, crossing the Seveirn by Sharpness Great Bridge to Lj'-dney Junction, and so through the Forest of Dean to Lyd brook (by G. W. R. branch No, 4 above-mentioned). 6. Yate stat. to Thornbury. 7. Mangotsfield stat. to Bath. Besides the above from Bristol, lines in connection with the G. W. R. run to Avonmouth Docks, &c. ; and to New Passage Pier on the Severn, from whence Portskewet Junction on the opposite bank near Chepstow is reached by steamer (see Route 7). The water navigation of the county, in addition to conveyances by the river, is effected by the Gloucester and Berkeley, the Thames and Severn, and Gloucester and Ledbury Canals. Rivers — The Bore in the Severn. The navigable rivers of this county are the Severn — " which runneth through the county, entering it as a river, increasing in it to an estuary, and becoming little lesse than a sea before it departs from it." — Fuller, On either side of its estuary are "a number of creeks" capable of holding vessels to load and unload, known by the name of " pills " — a term supposed to be an Anglicised form of the British ^^pwliy The source of this important river is a little pool about 20 inches long, 6 wide, and about 3 deep, on the eastern side of Plinlimmon. The pool is covered with small stones, from between which the water gushes up. It bears the title of the Hafren river in the wild district through which it commences its course, and does not acquire the name of Severn until it approaches Newtown. It flows through Montgomery- shire, almost encircles Shrewsbury, passes Coalbrookdale, Bridgnorth, Gloucestershire. The Bore in the Severn. xix Bewdley, Stourport, Worcester, and enters Gloucestershire near Tewkes- bury. About a mile above Gloucester it divides into two channels, forming the isle of Alney, which reunite below the city. After passing Newnham it continues to expand itself until it assumes the name of the Bristol Channel and flows into the Atlantic. At the vernal and autumnal equinoxes, the tide-head, provincial! y called the Bore, and anciently the hygre, is very destructive in this part of the river. Spring-tides in the Bristol Channel in certain states of wind rise from 40 to 50 ft., and the pressure of the great Atlantic from behind, drive the tide into the funnel-shaped channel of the Severn in a wall-like vertical wave 6 to 8 ft. high. The shores on either side are overflowed to a considerable distance, so that in 1883 the working pits of the Severn tunnel were deluged with water, and operations stopped. " The great tidal wave coming from the Atlantic is narrowed by the local conditions of the Bristol Channel. From the decrease in the width and depth of the channel, which may be said to be funnel-shaped, the weight of the Atlantic behind pushes the tide forward, the elevation of water is increased, and the bore thus just formed, runs up the river. If the wind blows in the same direction with the tide the size of the wave is much increased." — Sir De la Beche, " The bore is occasioned by the force with which the first of the flood tide meets the descent of the shallow low water in the opposite direction. In place of swelling the surface quietly and gradually, as in most other rivers, the entrance of the tide is instantaneous, as if a thousand sluices were opened upon a quiet surface of shallow water, or like heavy breakers in the sea over a shallow shore. The level of the *head' appears to be on the average from 2 to 3 ft. higher than the low still water immediately in front of it ; but it varies very much with the depth of water, decreasing as the depth increases, and it presents an almost vertical, unbroken, foaming surface. The same phenomenon is seen in the Great Ouse, where it is called the ' eager,' and in some other rivers, but in none in this country is it so strong as in the Severn. Its velocity varies from 4 to 10 m. per hour." — Walker^ s Bep, 7. The bore in its greatest fury occurs in that part of the Severn which lies between Westbury and Awre on the W., and Frampton and Framilode on the E. " In Sabrin's soveraigne armes, with whose tumultuous waves, Shut up in narrower bounds, the higre wildly raves, And frights the stragling flocks the neighbouring shores to flie A farre, as from the maine it comes with hideous cry ; And on the angry front the curled foame doth bring The billowes gainst the banks when fiercely it does fling ; Hurles up the slimie Ooze, and makes the scalie brood Leape madding to the land affrighted from the flood ; Oreturnes the toyling barge, whose steresman doth not lanch, And thrusts the furrowing leake into her ireful panch.'* Folyolbkm, 101. b 2 The Bore in the Severn. Introd. The bores occur more or less at every spring- tide. The highest bores are what they call the " Palm Tides " in the month of March. The wave attains its greatest height just below Gloucester, and the best place to see it is on the banks near Elmore. The barges which navigate the Severn find the bore very useful in assisting them in making their upward passage, and a barge has run up with the bore from the mouth of the Bristol river nearly to Gloucester. The barges at anchor are careful to have their anchor- tackle right when the bore is expected, and although the bore can be heard coming from a great distance, the bargemen give notice of its proximity by shouting " Flood, ho ! " This watchword is passed up the river as occasion serves. In going down the river the barges frequently " miss stays " and get aground on the sands, and are left high and dry by the receding waters. As they are flat- bottomed boats, they do not sink into it as a keeled vessel would ; sometimes, however, they are apt to " sulk " and sink so deeply into the sand, that when the tide rises they do not "lift" to it, and the waves go over them. When this is likely to occur, the men ram in straw between the barge and the sand so as to allow the water to percolate into it, and so assist her in lifting when the rise of water takes place. Mr. Frank Buckiand's description of this extraordinary phenomenon is : — In a few minutes I saw a curved white line stretched right across the channel coming round the corner of the river. With a fearful ve- locity this white line advanced steadily up the river, and as it neared us I saw that it consisted of a wave about three feet high, curling over with foam at its summit, and forming a distinct wall, reminding me of the pictures that we see of the wall of water forced back when the Israelites made their miraculous passage of the Red Sea. This, then, was • the bore.' A truly grand, and almost awful object it is — its rush might almost be taken as an emblem of velocity, combined with weight and power. The roar that it made was like nothing I ever before heard, and never before did I understand the meaning of the expression ' the voice of many waters.' Behind the first wave- wall came a second, then a third, and then the full body of the tide boiled like a caldron. Behind this again swept a broad sheet of water — the main army of the flood in rear of the advance guard. The bore rushed past the place where I was watching with the velocity of an express train going through a station, and in a few minutes the whole appearance of the river was altered ; not an inch of sand could be seen anywhere, but instead a vast expanse of water reaching from one side to the other. At Newnham the banks of the river are said to be a mile apart. When 1 was in the boat, the river was represented by a channel about the breadth of Regent Street, and nowhere deeper than six feet. Five minutes after the bore had passed this place the whole of the channel was * full-up' from side to side. I thought of the poor fishermen that I bad seen but lately standing in the bed of the river ; I thought of the men hunting the salmon on the sands, and of the boys bathing. If they had forgotten, or not known, that the bore was coming, nothing Gloucestershire. Abbeys, xxi could have saved thera from a sudden and fearful death. I must therefore entreat all our friends who happen to be in this district for their holidays to be exceedingly careful to inquire mto the times and seasons when this bore rushes up the river, and never to go on the Severn sands without a guide. The bore, I was informed, was very small." On another occasion of his witnessing the bore, Mr. Frank Biickland ascertained that the sudden rise of the water was between 11 and 12 feet. The salmon of the Severn continues to command a high price in the market. " It is a dainty and wholesome fish, and a double riddle in Nature ; first, for its invisible feeding, no man alive having ever found any meat in the maw thereof. Secondly, for its strange leaping, so that some will have them termed * salmons, a saliendo,^ Being both bow and arrow it will shoot itself out of the water an incredible height and length."— i^?^ZZer. The other rivers which fliow in or around the county are the Avon (of Warwickshire), the Lower Avon, Churn, Colne, Lech, Strood, Windrush, Wye, and Thames. The origin of the Thames has with an excusable rivalry been claimed for many of the small rivers whose waters help to increase its import- ance : — " From various springs divided waters glide, In difFrent colours roll a diflfrent tide, Murmur along their crooked banks awhile, At once they murmur, and enrich the isle, Awhile distinct through many channels run. But meet at last, and sweetly flow in one ; There joy to lose their long-distinguished names. And make one glorious and immortal Thames." — Knapp. Abbeys. The wealth of its abbeys, and the number of large parochial churches, gave rise probably to the adage recorded by Fuller, "As sure as God 's in Gloucestershire." These abbeys were — Gloucester, Llanthony, Tewkesbury, Cirencester, Hayles, Flaxley, Kingswood, Winchcomb, Bristol. The churches most deserving of attention are — Al mondsbur yy B erkeley . Bibury, Bisley, Buckland, Campden, Charlton Kings, Cheltenham, Cirencester, Cleeve, Deerhurst, Dyrham, Elkstone,"Fairfdfd, Gloucesfer, Hen'biiry, Highoam, Kemerton, Lechlade, Leonard Stanley, Marshfield, Minchinhampton, Naunton, Newland, Northleach, Ozle worth, Painswick, Pucklechurch, Kendcomb, Kedcliffe, Kodmarton, St. Briavels, Stow, Sudeley, Slim- bridge, St. Augustine's, Tewkesbury, Thornbury, Toddington, Tiden- ham, Winchcomb, Wootton-under-Edge. Its Priories subordinate to foreign monasteries were Beckford, Brimps- field, Deerhurst, Horseley, Minchinhampton, and Newent. xxii Objects of Interest. Introd. Objects of Interest. Among the principal objects of interest are — Berkeley Stat. : — Berkeley Castle, Stinchcomb Hill — Uley-Bury Camp— Stan combe Park — Wanswell Court — Sharpness Point — Great Kailway Bridge and Ship Canal. Bristol Stat.: — Cathedral — Redcliffe Church — Mayor's Chapel — Parish Churches — Zoological Gardens — Academy of Fine Arts — Bristol Library and Institution — Blind Asylum — Victoria Booms — Brandon Hill — Docks — Clifton Suspension Bridge — St. Vincent Rocks— -Gorge of the Avon— Clifton College — Cook's Folly — Redland Chapel — Blaise Castle— Henbury Cottages — King's Weston — Penpole Point-r-Colston School — Stoke House — Muller's Asylum — Knole Park — Tockington Pavements — Elberton Camp — Aust Bone-bed — New Passable — Weston-super-Mare. Charfield Stat. : — Tortworth New Court — Bloodyacre, Roman Villa and Pottery, Lower Silurian Fossils, Church, Old Chestnut — Wootton-under-edge — Alderley — Coaley (Roman and fossil re- mains) — Ozle worth — Box well — Hawkesbury Pillar — Nibley Knoll — Cromhall. Cheltenham: — Spas — College — Stowell Park — Roman Villa — Charlton Kings New Church — Birdlip Hill — Cranham Woods — Piffs Elm — Leckhampton Hill — Seven Wells — Coberley Church — Peggie- worth — Cowley Manor — Prestbury — Southam — Cleeve Cloud Hill — Sudeley Castle — Toddington Park. Cirencester : — Museum — Querns — Bull Ring — Agricultural College — — Sapperton Church — Daneway Tunnel — Ten Rides— Cathedral Firs — Market Cross — Pimbury Park — Thames Head Springs — Trewsbury Camp— Rend comb— Calm sden Cross — South Cerney — Banbury Camp — Quenington Church — Edgeworth — Miserden (monuments) — Rodmarton — Fairford Church and Painted Glass Window— Kemps ford Church — Down Ampney — Dene Camp. Chipping Campden : — The Church — Ebrington — Mickleton — Mein Hill — Broadway — Village and Tower. DuRSLEY : — The Church — Kinescote Church. Gloucester :— Cathedral — Docks — Tolsey (portraits) — St. Mary de Crypt — Llanthony Abbey — Hempstead — Robin's Wood Hill — Highnam Church and Pinetum — Stonebench — Elmore — Stone Bench — Hardwicke Reformatory— Birdlip Hill — Witcombe Villa — Churchdown — Barber's Bridge Obelisk. Morfton-in-Marsh : — Todenham Manor — Seizincote — Bourton-on- Hill — Batsford — North wick Park — Eatington Park — Little Comp- ton Manor House — Fourshire Stone. Newnham: — The Forest of Dean — Speech House — Flaxley Abbey — Staunton — Buckstone — Lydney Park — The Scowles — Westbury Cliff. Worcestershire. Description, xxiii NORTHLEACH DISTRICT I — Sheibome — Barrington — Stowell Park (Roman Villa)— Withington Church — Bourton Camp — Norbury Camp. Sharpness: — Great Railway Bridge over Severn — Canal — Forest of Dean, by Lydney to Speech House — Berkeley Castle. Stone HOUSE Stat.: — Broadridge Camp — Dominican Monastery — Nunnery — Frocester Fossils — Fretherne Church — Barrow Hill. Stow-on-the-Wold : — Icomb — The Slaughters — Naunton Church — Maugersbury — Addlestrop — Daylesford — Eyford. Stroud : — Church — Cloth Factories — ^Bisley (Roman Relics) — Ragstone — Lypiatt — Woeful Dane Bottom — Watercome (Relics) — Pains- wick Church — Stonebed Hill — Woodchester Pavement — Hill House — Minchinhampton Church — Dangerfield's Manufactory. Swindon New, or Swindon Stat. : — Church — Railway Works — Kempsford — Barbury Hill — Old Swindon — Portland Oolite — Highworth — Fairford. Tetbury Road Stat. : — Estcourt — Chevenage — Avening — Beverstone — Weston Birt — Rodmarton — Shipton Moigne Church — Crudwell Church — Calcot Barn. Tewkesbury : — Abbey — Overbury — Mythe Bridge — Bushley — Twyn- ing — Bredon Hill fossils. ~ Thornbury Stat. : — The Castle — The Church. Woolastone Stat. : — Sedbury Park — Buttington Mound — Offa's Dyke — Tidenham — Penmoyle — Tutshill — Llancaut — St. Briavels Castle — Clearwell — New 1 and . Yate Stat. : — Horton Camp — Dyegrove — Doddington Park — Bad- minton — Tormarton Church — Iron Acton Cross — Coalpit Heath — Dyrham — Lansdown Monument — Hinton Camp. WORCESTEESHIEE. Worcestershire is a county of most irregular shape, having parishes detached from it, and, in many instances, parts of other counties in- sulated within it. Its length from north to south is estimated at 34 miles, and its breadth about 30 miles. Its area is 738 square miles, or 472,453 acres, with 380,283 inhabitants and 77,167 houses, according to the census of 1881. Its area under cultivation amounted in 1880 to 377,924 acres. Its etymology is a subject of dispute among antiquaries. Fuller remarks, that " Worcester was anciently called * Branonium,' which the Britons corrupted into *Wrangon,' prefixing *Caer,' and hence * Worcester,' which signifies the City ad frontem Aquae." In Domesday it is mentioned as " Wire-cester," whence some have sug- gested that the forest of Wyre once extended south of the Severn, and that " Wire-cester " indicates the Castle of the Wyre. With the exception of 26 parishes in the Tenbury and Bewdley xxiv Geology, Introd. districts, which are in the diocese of Hereford, the remainder of the county belongs to the see of Worcester, to which bishops have been successively elected since the 7th century. " Among; the Komans," Dr. Nash observes, " Worcestershire was a low woody country, and therefore little known to that cautious and warlike people. It is not mentioned by Ptolemy or in Antoninus's Itinerary. Of the four great Eoman roads, the Ikenild Street alone touches it." Under the Saxons, this was part of Mercia, and the inhabitants were called Hwiccii, a name derived probably from Wiches, the brine- wells, salt being the principal article of traffic in this province, and the privile^ze of obtaining bushels of that commodity being granted by the Saxon kin^s to owners of manors even in the adjoining counties. In the 9th and 10th centuries the predatory invasions of the Danes occasioned many deadly contests in this county ; at Evesham, a.d. 1265, Simon de Monttort was defeated by Prince Edward, and the fatal battle in Worcester, a.d. 1651, secured the reins of government to Cromwell. Its rich lands were, previous to the Keformation, in the possession of the Church, and, in addition to those estates enjoyed by the bishop and regular clergy, the religious houses of Great Malvern, Little Malvern, Evesham, Tewkesbury, Bordesley, and Pershore, were proprietors of a considerable portion of the county. Worcestershire has always been famous for its fruit, and Kobert of Gloucester said of it : — " In the county of Canterbury most fish is, And most chase of wild beasts about Salisbury 1 wis, At London ships most, and wine at Winchester, At Herford sheep and oxen, and fruit at Worcester." In the vale of Evesham, from its low and sheltered position, the average temperature of the district is high, and its surface consisting of red marl and alluvial deposits of the Avon, it possesses a fertility for which it has been for ages celebrated. It is thus described in the 12th century by the monkish historian : " A land rich in corn, pro- ductive of fruits in some parts by the sole favour of nature, in others by the art of cultivation, enticing even the lazy to industry by the prospect of a hundredfold return ; you may see the highway clothed with trees that produce apples, not by the grafter's hand, but by the nature of the ground itself, for the earth, of its own account, rears them up to fruit, and that excellent in flavour and appearance, many of which wither not under a year, nor before the new crops are produced to supply their place " — William of Malmesbury, Geology. Worcestershire belongs chiefly to the New Eed Sandstone formation, or " Triassic^ The loose detritus which covers the surface of large tracts in Worcestershire may be called local, because it has been derived Worcestershire. Geology. XXV either from mountains forming the north-west hmits of the county, or from the disintegration of rocks occupying the very districts where the materials are found. This region, therefore, being free from all distantly transported detritus, presents a class of phenomena distinct from that which is exhibited in those parts of the kingdom where the surface is covered by accumulations of materials derived from remote countries. The tract thus exempted from foreign drift is in great mea- sure circumscribed by the course of the Severn. The New Red, which occupies by far the larger portion of the county, is a part of the Great Belt which runs from the N.E. to S.W. of England ; and, as far as Worcestershire is concerned, stretches from the Malvern range up to and beyond Bromsgrove Lickey and the Clent Hills. The general character of this district is fiat but undulating, while the luxuriance and fertility of the surface bear testimony to the grateful qualities of the Triassic soil. Beneath its treasures are still greater, as the saline deposits at Droitwich and Stoke Prior show, of formations more recent than the Trias. In the S.E. corner of the county are the Broadway Hills of oolitic date, and a portion of the Cotswolds. Between the centre at Hanbury and the S.E. is a small district of Lias. 1'he coal-beds which geoizraphically are found in Worcestershire belong geologically to the S. StatTordshire basin ; although, particularly at Halesowen and the neighbourhood of Dudley, the measures are so broken up by faults that we have a number of little local coal-basins. The peculiarity of the coal-measures of S. Staffordshire and Worcester- shire is that they rest without any intermediate strata on the Silurian rocks. Although these rocks are found protruded in such abundance near Dudley, there are not very many places in Worcestershire where they are seen on the surface. They are best studied on the W. flanks of the Malverns, and indeed along the whole ridge of hills as far N. as Abberley, and are seen again at the Bromsgrove Lickey. On the eastern side of the Malverns they are only found at the Midsomer Hill near Eastnor. But although the district of the Silurians is limited, there are no finer opportunities for the geologist than the Malvern range, where he can study as from an open volume the different divi- sions of these deposits. Commencing from the earliest of the series, he will find at Keys End Hill, above Bromsberrow, the Lower Silurian black shales, in which the earliest trilobite (Olenus) lived, together with Agnostus pisiformis. At the Obelisk Hi,ll, in Eastnor Park, the upper Caradoc rocks are seen — the Caradoc transition rocks on the E. side, in the gorge between the GuUett and the Fair Oaks ; the Wool- hope limestone underneath the Worcestershire Beacon, and a little to the N. of Storridge Farm, where also the Wenlock shale may be seen. " Three workable seams of coal are wrought at Stourbridge, averaging about 6 feet in thickness ; and about 15 feet beneath them is the 4-foot bed of celebrated fire-clay, so largely used for fire-bricks, on account of its saponaceous quality. A large tract of country, occupied by carboniferous strata, extends from a narrow zone south-west of Bridgnorth to the flanks of the Abberley Hills, about 20 miles. Its xxvi The Malvern Hills. Introd. greatest width is 5 miles, but its outline is very irregular, for, in many points, it runs out in promontories cut off from the chief mass. Notwithstanding the large surface which it occupies, this coal- tract is of very slight value, owing to the thinness of the beds and the inferior value of the coal." — Murchison. The Malvern Hills. " This plutonic ridge seems to have been forced up, in a solid state, on a line of fracture, amounting to 14,000 feet, between the two sides of the great fault ; an amount of dislocation greater perhaps than can be paralleled in any other instance of a single fault the world can produce. In this vast convulsion two effects were produced ; first, the lower portion of stratified deposit was roasted, baked, and altered, by having heated masses poured through them in every direction ; secondly, the strata were ' blown up ' from the horizontal position in which they once lay. Each strata once lay like a book in a chest with other books packed above it. Through this mighty upheaving of remote ages, we have the edges of entire formations turned up to the surface, and they lie now like books upon a shelf, and we can read their contents and measure their thickness. Each of the coloured formations contains its leaves, its distinct layers of stratification, and on those leaves is a printing of the Deity." — Strickland. "Quartz, mica, hornblende, felspar, chlorite, and epidote, are the mineralogical ingredients of the Malvern rocks. Granite is much less abundant than syenite in the Malvern hills, apparently because its micaceous element is less abundant than hornblende. In the Wor- cestershire Beacon, varieties of rock may be collected from a very narrow area, some of which, speaking mineralogical ly, are syenite and others granite, just as in the crystallization of the mass the element of potash, or oxide of iron, was locally prevalent. In general these granite rocks are to be regarded as local segregations in the syenitic masses, closely allied in nature and mode of appearance to the felspathic veins which appear in almost every excavation, ramifying amidst the horn- blendic masses." — Phillips. " That the vale of the Severn was a strait of the sea, ages before the lake and river periods, and that the valleys of the Severn and Avon were gradually scooped out by marine currents and waves, during the long epoch when the present land, on which now stand populous towns and cities, was being slowly elevated, is a result arrived at many years since by Sir R. Murchison. The view from the Malvern during the period of this * Northern Drift ' must have been very different from the present. Not only did a sea-strait stretch far away over the vales of Worcestershire, but the eye must have rested on the Herefordshire side on many an inland frith and narrow strait. The glacial drift lies in the valley of Cradley, between Malvern and Ledbury, while, where now we see only cultivated fields, pastures, and orchards, the valleys of the Wye, Lug, and Frome must have gleamed with waves," — Symonds. Worcestershire. The Malvern Hills. xxvii The marlstone of Bredon is a series of beds that form the middle region of the hills in various degrees of induration based upon the lower lias ; while above the marlstone is the upper lias shale below the steep brow of the inferior oolite which forms the summit of the hill. Thouo;h now separated from the extensive range of the Cotswold, it was probably once united to it. On Bredon Hill the inferior oolite appears at some period to have been much disturbed ; for in the various quarries its strata are seen greatly shattered and dipping in all directions, often with a high degree of inclination." — Strickland. " The metamorphic rocks of the hills are of extreme antiquity. The oldest rocks in the district are those which, with their granite veins and trap dykes, form the hills, and were in existence before the peiiod of the Hollybush sandstone, as shown by their infra-position to the latter, which rested upon them without being penetrated or altered by the trap dykes ; and as the age of this sandstone was known to correspond with that of the Lingula flags of Wales, it served as the point of de- parture in any attempt to determine the geological position of the underlying rocks. The relative position of the sandstone, resting as it did on the upturned edges of the gneissic rocks of the hills, showed that the latter had undergone disturbance and uptilting before the sandstone was deposited upon them. This sandstone, however, was more recent than the trap rocks, and yet it could be shown that their out- burst did not take place until after the uptilting of the ancient strata and their conversion from their original condition of ordinary shales and sandstones into their present highly crystalline state ; and from other evidence, derived partly from the manner in which the lower beds of the sandstone were overlapped by upper ones and the pebbles of gneiss contained in their lowermost beds, it was clear that the gneissic rocks had been elevated above the sea-level and subjected to denuding influences, raised in fact into a mountain ridge before the Hollybush sandstones were deposited. Now, as all these events happened previous to the period of the Hollybush sandstone, it followed that a very long interval must have elapsed between the respective epochs at which the two formations were accumulated ; and as the sandstone rested trans- gressively on the gneissic rocks, while on the contrary there was perfect conformity between the Lingula flags and the Cambrian rocks, it might be inferred that whatever sediments were deposited on the gneissic rocks of the hills during this interval were stripped off by denudation before the sandstone was laid down upon them. Hence it might be concluded that the Cambrian rocks were absent Irom beneath the Hollybush sandstone, and that the gneissic rocks belonged to some yet earlier age. And there were reasons for supposing that these hill rocks were once covered by other sediments, which were removed from off them before the Lingula flag era, except perhaps certain rocks on the eastern slopes of the Herefordshire Beacon, less highly altered than the crystalline rocks of the ridge and clearly of a later date, and which it was quite possible might be a remnant of these missing strata. Unlike the older gneissic rocks, they owed their altered condition to local xxviii Objects of Interest, Introd . causes, viz., intercalated lava-beds and trap dykes ; but as the relative position of these rocks to the Hollybush sandstone was not known, it was impossible to say whether they might belong to the Cambrian system or to some more ancient one." — Dr, Holl, F.G.S. " I have long observed the Malvern Hills, and carefully considered the phenomena they present, and have reconsidered the subject since Dr. Holl's views have been stated to the Geological Society, and I feel bound to say that Dr. Holl is substantially right in his suggestions, and that the old idea that the Malvern chain was an irruption of Syenite was wrong. We must not in future regard the Malvern rocks as masses of eruptive igneous matter, but as altered sedimentary strata of very ancient date, now assuming a metamorphic o:neissic character. Further observation is required to ascertain the exact age of these very ancient deposits. I cannot be quite certain that they are of Laurentian date, as assumed by Dr. Holl, as the particular fossils that would decide that question have not hitherto been met with ; but that the crystalline fabric of the hills was metamorphic I now fully subscribe to, and that it was altered strata of extremely early date." — Bev, W. S. Symonds (1866). " The tourist who seeks health and recreation in the Shires of Worcester and Hereford, will find the range of the Malvern Hills the chief attraction. This range is not a uniform ridge like the Hog's Back of Surrey, but is a series of separate hills of singular beauty. They have verdure, a fine greensward, with protruding rocks to the very summit ; and they are traversed by well-made paths (furnished with seats, either natural or artificial) in every direction, affording to the pedestrian a series of true pictures of great beauty. Without contra- diction, this district is the most pleasurable walking ground in England. Looking eastward the eye ranges over the fertile plains of Worcester and Gloucester, and the cathedral tower and church steeples of the former city are distinctly visible ; westward there is not a plain, but the 6nely wooded knolls of Herefordshire, bounded by the mountains of Monmouthshire and Wales, which are easily seen by the naked eye, those assembled about Abergavenny forming a particularly noticeable group. A few days — nay, weeks — may be pleasantly passed here, and the best resting-place is West Malvern, which is 200 ft. higher than Great Malvern, and thus the tourist is saved some labour in the ascent, and is much sooner in the midst of the attractive scenery. He will find a good hotel (the Westminster Arms), with moderate charges ; and there are, too, several comfortable lodging-houses. The lower slopes of the hills at Malvern Wells are prettily wooded, and have walks peculiarly attractive." — W, Q. C, Objects of Interest. The most interesting objects in this county are : — Worcester :— Cathedral — Natural History Museum — Old Houses — China Works — Edgar Tower — Guildhall (Portraits) — Spetchley Worcestershire. Railways, xxix C5ourt and Church — Kempsey Church — Hartley Hills — Southstone Rock — Powick — Witley Court — Woodbury Hill Reformatory — Stanford Court — Stanford Church — Holme Castle — Shelsley — Holt — Cotheridge Court and Church. Great Malvern : — Abbey Church — Mathon — Bates Bush — " The Herefordshire and Worcestershire Beacons" — Leigh Church — Madresfield Court — Eastnor Park — Little Malvern Church — Wytch Road — Cowleigh Park. Bewdley; — The Forest of Wyre — Ribbesford Church — Ticknell — Redstone Hermitage — Astley Monuments — Blackstone Rock — Devil's Spittleful — Habberley Valley — Stourport. Bromsgrove : — The Church — Lickey Column — Alvechurch — Tarde- bigg — He well Grange — King's Norton — Northfield — Frankley Beeches. Dudley : — The Castle Ruins and View — Caverns — Wren's Nest — Museum — Fountain — Oldbury — Ten-yard Coal-pits. Evesham : — The Abbey Tower — Churches — Broadway — Norton Church — Kilmley Castle— Rouse Lench — Cropthorne Fossils. Hartlebury Stat. : — Ombersley Court and Church — Hartlebury Palace and Church— Holt Fleet Bridge. Kidderminster : — The Church — Carpet Manufactories — Wolverley — Arely Castle— Cookley Iron Works — Trimpley Hill. Droitwich — Salt Works — Westwood Park — Hanbury Hall — Saltway — Stoke Prior — Hampton Lovett Monuments — Hadsor Hall (Pic- tures and Statuary). Pershore : — Abbey Church — Bredon Hill Fossils — Bricklehampton Pits — Fladbury Church — Croome Court — Charlton Manor-house. Stourbridge :— Glass Works — Fire-brick Factories — Coal Ferns — Brierley Hill — Hagley Pai k — Clent Hills— Stourton Castle — Enville Hall — Halesowen Church — Abbey Ruins — Himley House. Tenbury: — Spa — St. Michael's College — Burford Church — Thornby Camp — Mamble Coal Mines — Bockleton Church — Kyre — Troy fishing at Newnham. Upton-on-Severn ; — Hanley Castle — The Rhydd (Pictures) — Birts- Morton Court — Overbury — Strensham Church — Ripple — Queenhill — Bredon Hill Fossils. Railways. Worcestershire is traversed between Evesham and Dudley and from Worcester to Ledbury by railways of the Great Western Company, with branch lines from Hartlebury Junction to Tenbury, and from Stourbridge by Halesowen to Birmingham. Trains of the Midland Company run from Birmingham through Worcester to Gloucester, with branches from Barnt Green by Evesham and Ashchurch to Malvern. XXX Description and History, Introd. HEEEFOEDSHIEE. Herefordshire is a county almost circular in form, beins: 38 miles in extent between Ludlow and Monmouth, and 35 miles in width measured from Hay to Great Malvern, including in its area, according to the Trigonometrical Survey, 532,898 acres, with a population of 121,062, and 25,605 inhabited houses, at the census of 1881. " This county doth share," writes Fuller, " as deep as any in the alphabet of our English commodities though exceeding in W. for wood, wheat, wool, and water. Besides this shire better answereth (as to the sound thereof) the name of Pomerania than the dukedom of Ger- many so called, being a continued orchard of apple-trees, whereof much cider is made ; and I cannot but commend Master Camden's cautious commendations of this county — * secunda fertilitatis laude inter Angli^^ provincias acquiescere hand facile est contenta.'" At the period of the Koman invasion, this county was inhabited by the Silures, a powerful nation, whose kingdom embraced, in addition to Herefordshire, the counties of Kadnor, Brecon, and Monmouth, and extended to the banks of the Severn and to the ranges of the Abberley and Malvern hills. This valiant and warlike people, impatient of con- trol and exasperated by the vow of the Emperor Claudius to exterminate their race, carried on incessant war against the Eomans, and were so implacably averse to a foreign yoke, that they were neither to be prevailed on by courtesy nor restrained by force. ** Silurum gens non atrocitate non dementia mutabatur quia bellum exerceret, castrisque legionum premenda foret." — Tacitus, On the arrival of Ostorius Scapula as proprastor, he found things in great disorder. The unsubdued tribes had made war on those in alli- ance with Kome, not supposing that the new general would come over against them at the very moment of his arrival at the beginning of winter, and with a body of troops to which he was but recently appointed. In this they were mistaken, for he displayed the greatest promptitude and decision, marching at once with such army as he had, cutting to pieces all those who opposed him, pursuing the fugitives and preventing their reassembling. Those tribes who fluctuated between peace and war were awed by his defeatino; the Iceni. He next ravaged the territory of the Cangi, and after slight opposition brought the Brigantes to a pusillanimous servitude. His operations were then directed against the Silures, who trusted to their peculiar ferocity, and reposed great confidence in the valour and skill of their chief Caractacus (super propriam ferociam Caractaci viribus confisos). Collecting his soldiers from the numerous encampments on the Cotswolds, Ostorius crossed the Severn to attack Caractacus, who had brought his forces Herefordshire. Historical Sketch, xxxi into the territory of the Ordovices to preserve his own people from the calamities of war. The fortresses on the Malvern range, unusually- large and difficult of access, were constructed to check the progress of the Koman general towards the west. When, driven from these strong- holds, the Silures were compelled to retire upon the rough mountains of the border ; they constructed, occupied, and were expelled from, with considerable loss of men and confidence, the camps at Whitborne, Thorubury, Croft, and Wapley. Coxwall Knoll, the place of their last struggle, even if not selected previously, was favourable to the plans of Caractacus. Where Nature had not rendered the eminence inaccessible, he caused a rampart of stones to be piled up ; a stream of unequal depth (vado incerto) flowed in his front, and a strong body of his troops were ranged in advance of his works in battle array. Ostorius, pressing closely on the enemy, having gained possession of the strong camps of Croft-Ambrey and Wapley, proceeded to secure his conquests by constructing on Norton Hill a large quadrangular work, double-ditched, which commanded the defiles E. and W., and a second important work at Brandon, which formed a counterwork to the stronghold at Coxwall Knoll, 3 miles dis- tant. The leaders of the British tribes prepared them for the contest by urging every motive which could animate their valour. Caractacus, rushing along the ranks (hue illuc volitans), urged them to remember that their conduct that day would be either the commencement of recovered liberty or of eternal servitude. Ostorius, finding his troops eager for attack, forded the river without difficulty, but suffered in their ascent of the hill severely from the darts of the Britons, until the Komans, forming the testudo by locking their shields together over their heads, reached the wall, and, breaking through it, brought on a hand-to-hand engagement, in which, after some desperate efibrts, the Britons were soon routed, and a complete victory was obtained by the * invaders. Caractacus escaped into the country of the Brigantes, whose queen, Cartismandua, dreading the resentment of the Romans, delivered him bound to Ostorius. His wife, children, and brothers had been made prisoners on the field of battle. Notwithstanding this defeat, the Silures kept the Romans in partial skirmishes, or regular battles, for a period of at least 20 years — a state of warfare which explains the formation of the numerous camps which exist in the county of Hereford. At length Julius Frontinus gained from the Silures the forest of Dean and the counties of Hereford and Monmouth, the importance of which event is fully expressed by the historian — " He had the glory of subduing the powerful and warlike nation of the Silures ; in effecting which he had not only to combat with an implacable enemy, but with local difficulties which none of his predecessors had been able to surmount." — Tacitus, The undis- turbed possession of the south of Britain having been secured, the Romans founded 2 towns in this county. Magna Castra (Kenchester) and Ariconium (Weston-Penyard) ; but the numerous camps con- xxxii Historical Sketch. In trod. structed in Herefordshire bear testimony to the nature and continuance of the struggle. " Where shall we find Men mo e undaunted for their country's weal, More prodigal of life ? In ancient days The Roman legions and great Caesar found Our fathers no mean foes ; and Cressy's plains, And Agincourt, deep ting'd with blood, confess What the Silures' vigour, unwithstood, Could do in rigid fight." The Silures were subject to the Roman rule about 250 years, during which period 3 military roads only appear to have been made : — 1. Brandon Camp, by Magna, crossing the Wye through Madley to Goban- nium (Abergavenny) : 2. Usk, by (Monmouth) Ariconium to Glevum (Gloucester) ; 3. Magna, by Stretton-Sugwas, Holmer, Htretton-Grandi- son, Frome's Hill to Worcester ; nor have the remains of any detached villas been discovered within the limits of the county. Under the Heptarchy, after many years of continuous and savage w^arfare, the Welsh were expelled by Ofifa from the country between the Severn and the Wye, and he proceeded to separate them from his subjects by a high mound and a ditch which extended from Flintshire to the Wye at Bridge Solers, whence to near Bigswear below Monmouth the river served as the boundary, and from thence to the Severn at Beachley the mound was reconstructed, and may be seen in a perfect state in various places. The ditch is visible from Bridge Solers to Mansel Gamage ; at Upper- ton, or Offa's Town ; near Lyonshall ; Bullock's Mill ; Knill Garraway, very perfect ; under Ditch Hill ; round Evencoed Hill, and thence N. to Knighton. The dyke is supposed to have been constructed in a.d. 784, and consists of a trench and a mound ; the former supplying the means of raising up the latter. The ditch is invariably on the Welsh side, and averages 12 ft. in width and 6 ft. in depth. The vallum is 10 ft. in perpendicular altitude above the average level of the adjacent soil on the English side of it. As it would be easy for a hostile force to break through such barrier, sanguinary enactments were made for the purpose of confining the Welsh to their own side of it. Ofia erected a palace at Sutton defended by strong: entrenchments, where he violated the ties of honour and hospitality by procuring the murder of Ethelbert. It was to expiate this and other cnmes that he undertook a journey to Kome, and subjected his dominions to the pay- ment of an annual tribute known as Peter's pence. In A.D. 939 the river Wye, which almost bisects the county, was made the boundary of the two kingdoms by Athelstane. And the antipathy of the two races is well illustrated by the circumstance that, whilst the names of parishes and places on the peninsula of the Wye, between Hay and Monmouth, are to a great extent of Welsh origin, Herefordshire. Boman Boads in Herefordshire. xxxiii every place on the left bank of the river within the dyke is of Saxon derivation or adoption. The next great events in the history of this county are the memor- able escape of Edward I. from Simon de Montfort in 1265, which is fully detailed in Rta 36 ; the decisive battle of Mortimer's Cross to 1460 ; and the occurrences during the Civil Wars of Charles I. EOMAN EOADS IN HEREFORDSHIRE. Of the four great roads constructed by the Romans in Britain, that called Watling Street, or rather the ramification from that road, alone intersects the county of Hereford. Crossing the Severn at Wroxeter in Shropshire (the Uriconium of the Romans), and directing its course through the south part of Salop by the town of Church Stretton, it enters Herefordshire in the parish of Marlow, and proceeds by Stormer House to Leintwardine, retaining the name of Watling Street between Marlow and Stormer House. At Leintwardine it crosses the river Teme, and continuing a southerly direction leaves on the right, and I5 mile from Leintwardine, the camp of Brandon, which, from its situ- ation, and relative distances, appears to have been the post mentioned by Ptolemy and Richard of Cirencester under the name of Branoge- nium, and by Antoninus under that of Bravinium. Pursuing the hue of the present turnpike-road towards Hereford, it reaches successively Wigmore, Aymestrey, and Mortimer's Cross. Passing Kingland Field, it crosses the turnpike-road between Leominster and Presteign at the distance of six miles from the former town, and after a further progress of one mile, leaves Street Court on the right and proceeds by Arrow Green, where it crosses that stream or river and takes the line of Shirley Heath to Stretford Bridge. Leaving Birley Church on the left, it proceeds in the course of the present turnpike-road towards Hereford, passing the churches of King's Pyon, Canon Pyon, and Burghill suc- cessively on the right, and also a square camp entrenchment near the last-mentioned place. Approaching Hereford, and within two miles and a half of that city, it enters another Roman road, or branch of road, which will be de- scribed, and passing westerly by ^^re^^o^i-Sugwas, reaches Kenchester, the Magna Castra of the Romans. Other branches diverge from this station. Of these the one shortly referred to proceeds easterly through Stretton Sugwas, as noticed before, and passing the junction of the Leintwardine branch, reaches Holmer, where it crosses the turnpike- road from Hereford to Leominster at the distance of one mile and a half from the former. Leaving Holmer Church on the left, it reaches Lug Bridge, having previously joined which, it enters the turnpike-road from Hereford to Worcester at the distance of one mile and a half from the former city. Crossing the river Lug, it pursues the present turn^ pike-road over Frome's Hill, after deviating from it for a short distance towards the south near Shuckenhill, where it rejoins th(? present road, 0., W. & H. c xxxiv Geology. Introd, leaving Street Lane on the right and proceeding to Stretton Grandison, where was anciently a square encampment. From Stretton it passes through the parishes of Castle Froome and Cradley, where it leaves this county and proceeds to Worcester. At Stretton also it branches in another direction, and going south-easterly through Ashperton, Pixley, Aylton, and Little Marcle parishes, enters Gloucestershire at Preston, and proceeds by Dymock and Newent to Gloucester. This branch is generally less perceptible than those before described. Another road or branch diverges from ISCagna Castra (Kenchester), and, inclining towards the south-west, crosses the river Wye near the old weir estate, leaves Eaton Bishop on the left and Canon Bridge and Madley on the right, proceeding by Warlow, Lower Wormhill, and Stoney Street in Madley parish, where it crosses the turnpike-road from Hereford to Peterchurch, six miles distant from the former. The plainest evidence that this road is Roman occurs in the Four Ways Common, near this crossing; the original pavement (if it may be so called) remaining entire, and some hundred yards in extent. The course pursued after- wards was through Kingston, Dore, New Street^ and Dulas to Long Town (Longa Villa), which is supposed to have been a Roman station. Leaving Herefordshire soon afterwards, it reaches Abergavenny, the Gobannium of the Romans, but none of the usual marks of a Roman road have been observed after those noticed near Madley. The last line or branch of Roman road enters this county from Gloucester (Glevum) near Linton, and after proceeding about two miles, reaches the great station of Ariconium near Ross. On this site Roman coins are fre- quently ploughed up to this day; and in a field in the parish of Peterstow, about five miles distant, large quantities of iron cinders imperfectly smelted have been found under the surface, and the remain- ing ore extracted. Coins also, bearing the head and inscription of a Csesar, and some of the hand-blomaries made use of by the Romans, have been met with in the same place. The continuation of this line proceeding from Ariconium leaves the town of Ross on the right and reaches Walford, where it passes the river Wye, and entering Good- rich goes by Goodrich Cross to Whitchurch Street and Ganarew, where, leaving Herefordshire, it enters the parish of Dixton and reaches the town of Monmouth, which is supposed to be the Blestium of the Romans. Several entrenchments occur in this line and are attributed to the Romans.— ^ar^s^ome. Geology. The beds of the old red sandstone at Ledbury are the lowest of a series of strata which have been carefully estimated at a thickness of from 8000 to 10,000 ft. The rounded hill called Wall-hills Camp consists of a series of marls, cornstone, thick red and gray sandstones, the uppermost of which are at least 2000 ft. above the uppermost Silurian rocks. The hills of Canon Froome consist of the same strata, having resisted the Herefordshire. Oeohgy. XXXV denudation which has scooped out the intervening valleys down to the lower marls ; as have also the Kobin Hood's Butts. The distance from Ledbury to Hereford traverses strata appertaining to the beds of the lower old red sandstone — the zone of cephalaspis and pteraspis. The range of hills on the left after leaving Wall-hills belongs to the series of old red deposits. Stoke-Edith park is an upcast of upper Silurian rocks, which at Woolhope forms a kind of dome, the top of which is denuded, the outside rim being presented towards the valley of Hereford. Shucknill Hill is another Silurian upcast, and presents a good escarpment of Aymestrey rock quarried for road- stone. At Bartestree a dyke of greenstone alters the lower old red, which is roasted into hornstone. At Weston and Lugwardine are quarries of sandstone which afford fragments of pteraspis, cephalaspis, and a few triturated relics of plants. The city of Hereford stands principally on an alluvial gravel, from underneath which the lower old red rises on every side. The Lug meadows, Frome meadows, and the bend of the Wye near Eotherwas, were formerly lakes of the ancient Wye. — Symonds, The richest soils in Herefordshire are found resting on that division of the old red sandstone known as " the comstones," owing to its con- taining a considerable amount of granules and nodules of impure lime- stone, whose chemical composition varies, being sometimes composed of alumina and lime alone, at others containing magnesia also in com- bination. Valley of Woolhope. — Before the physical features of this valley can be accounted for, the arrangements of its rocks must be critically examined. The central mass, called Haugh Wood, is 2 m, long by IJ broad. The strata exposed in the central portion of this nucleus are quartzose grits of the Caradoc sandstone. These beds, rising to a height of upwards of 600 ft. in the centre of the wood, where they are nearly horizontal, dip away on all sides at angles not exceeding 12° or 15°. From the gentle curvature of the surface of this central dome the strata are little fissured, and the lower parts of the Caradoc are not exposed, thin bedded siliceous sandstone and quartzose grit being the lowest beds visible. The uppermost member of this formation is a hard impure limestone, occasionally burnt, but more frequently used as a road-stone. It is a hard, dark-blue, thick, flag-like limestone. On the sides of the road leading from Mordiford to Checkley Common the strata are inter- laminated with thin courses of impure limestone and hard marl. The major axis of the valley ranges from Backbury Camp and Dormington on N.N.W., to Lindels and Oldbury Hill on S.S.E. As the strata on the eastern side of this line dip at a lower angle than those upon the W., the former side is necessarily broader than the latter. Slight depressions called " cockshoots " alone separate the higher points of the ridge from each other. Hence the water descends from all this part of the escarpment into the centre of the valley. These cockshoots " have xxxvi Ecclesiastical Division — Productions. Introd. been occasioned by minor dislocations, which have proceeded neither deep enough nor far enough to produce complete gorges. Had this elevated margin been within deeper breaks, the lower parts of this valley would now be covered with water, which could only escape when sufficiently high to issue through one of these cockshoots, and the central dome of Haugh Wood would under such circumstances be an island in the centre of a lake. Such a condition of things was long ago changed by the openiiig of three deep transverse gorges through the S.W. segment of the encircling ridges. The largest gorge, that of Mordiford, is traversed by the Pentelow brook, the chief line of drainage of the valley ; and the two smaller gorges by the rivulets of Fownhope and S oiler shope, all feeders of the Wye. The geology of the counties of Gloucester, Worcester, and Hereford ought not to be discussed without reference to the proceedings of their field clubs, viz. the Cotswold, Malvern, Worcestershire JSI aturalists, and Woolhope, to which these counties owe much for the elucidation of their natural history ; and it ought to be recorded that these scien- tific associations were amongst the earliest of the many kindred societies now in existence. Ecclesiastical Division. The see of Hereford was founded in a.d. 680, at which period this county was part of the diocese of Lichfield. The entire county is, by recent legislation, placed within the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the bishops of Hereford. Peoductions. This county has been celebrated from a very early period for a valu- able breed of cattle, — indeed, regarded by many well-informed judges of stock " as the most superior breed in this island," because, though not good milkers, they " put on " more meat and fat at an earlier age, in proportion to the food consumed, than any other variety. The first specimens were imported by Lord Scudamore about the middle of the seventeenth century from East Friesland, the breed being then a novelty recently introduced into that part of Germany from the Ukraine. The differences in the values of British fine wools of recent times has caused a complete change in the species of sheep now bred by the Herefordshire flock-owners. The small, hardy, hornless, whitefaced breed, with its fine fleece, indigenous to this and the adjoining red sandstone districts, and known as " the Ryelands," is now extinct. The weight of its wool only averaged about 2 lbs. a fleece, though in quality it was esteemed as equal to merino, and was formerly purchased by the mer- chants at a high price. Fuller observes, " As for the wool in Hereford- shire, it is best known, to the honour of the county, by the name of * the Lempster Ore,' beiog absolutely the finest indeed in all England." Herefordshire is also especially famous as a Cider county. " I cannot divine/' says Beale, writing in 1662, " what soil or what fruit would yield the best cider, or how excellent cider or perry might be if all soils Herefordshibe. Bivers, xxxvii in common and all fruit were tried ; but for 30 years I have tried all sorts of cider in Herefordshire, and for years I have tried the best cider in Somersetshire, and for some years I have had the best cider of Kent and Essex at my call ; yet hitherto I have alvrays found the cider of Herefordshire the best, and so adjudged by all good palates." The soils best adapted for the successful growth of the apple and pear trees are the deep argillaceous loams, but the natural decay of every variety of these fruits imposes upon the Herefordshire gardener a constant recruiting of his orchards by new varieties of trees, the produce of seeds. The varieties excellent for cider and perry, as producing a more pleasant, winy, and enduring beverage, are wholly unfit for the table or the palate, being so tart and harsh that there is nothing more safe from plunder. As Evelyn remarks — " 'tis so wicked a fruit upon the tree as needs no Priapus for protector, since (as beautiful as His to the eye) it has so cursed a taste in the mouth till it be converted into cider." " The apple's outward form Delectable, the witless swain beguiles, Till, with a writhen mouth and sputtering noise He tastes the bitter morsel, and rejects Disrelished." — Phillips^ i. 445. " A well-made dry cider ought to be almost free from acid, devoid of sweetness, non-effervescent, with a flavour and taste not greatly dis- similar from Ehenish or Moselle wines. Perry by careful management can be made to resemble champagne, and of a quality decidedly supe- rior to much that is sold uuder that title. The county of Worcester is rather more celebrated for the manufacture of perry than Hereford ; the latter, however, is justly celebrated for its Barland perry, produced originally from fields in Bosbury, called Barelands." — Agricultural Journal, 1853. In the valleys of the Teme and Frome rivers hops are extensively cultivated. KlVERS. The two principal rivers of Herefordshire are the Wye and the Lug. The Wye has its origin in a small pool somewhat larger than the one which constitutes the fountain of the Severn, yet in close proximity to it. The pool is near the top of a grassy summit of the great Plynlim- mon mountain. On leaving the pool the stream runs for some distance towards the east, and then turns abruptly to the south. Having sepa- rated the counties of Brecon and Kadnor it enters Herefordshire at Clifford, and flowing by Hereford, Ross, and Monmouth, amid varied and pleasing scenery, forms the boundary of Gloucester and Monmouth- shires, and at a distance of 120 miles from its source is lost in the Severn. " Two mountain-streams, by neighbouring rills supplied, Pursue at first their wanderings side by side ; Though parted then, an equal course maintain, And once united ne'er divide again." xxxviii Bailways — Objects of Interest Introd. Like the Severn, it is famous for its salmon, which are protected by a close time, extending for fishing with nets from September 1 to March 31, and for rod-fishing from October 15 to March 15. The Lug has its rise in Kadnorshire, enters Herefordshire at Staple- ton, and unites with the Wye below the bridge at Mordiford. ^ Railways. Herefordshire possesses direct communication by railway with the principal towns of the kingdom. The three cities of Gloucester, Here- ford, and Worcester are connected by a line belonging to the Great Western Company, from which there is a branch from Ross on the left bank of the Wye to Monmouth. There is a line between Hereford and Hay — going on into Wales via Brecon ; and also from Hereford to Leominster and Ludlow and the North, having branches to Kington and Tenbury. The city has also access to Monmouthshire by railway to Abergavenny, passing by Pon- trilas, from whence there is a branch to Abbey dore and Dorstone. Lastly, a branch line from Henwick on the line between Worcester and Here- ford takes the traveller to Bromyard. Objects of Interest. Hereford District: — Cathedral — College — Castle Green Walk — Black Friars — White Cross — Belmont, Scenery and Monastery — Dinedor Camp — Sutton Walls — Kenchester (Magna)— Credenhill Camp — Acornbury Camp — Eaton Camp — Mordiford Silurian Quarries — Holme Lacy — Backbury Camp — Stoke Edith — Woolhope Geolo- gical Formations — Ofia's Dyke — Madley Church — The Pyons— Stretton Sugwas Church— Burghill Church. Bromyard District : — Bromyard Church — Public Kooms — Avonbury Church — Thornbury Camp — Whitborne Church — Tedstone Church and Dingles — China Court — Bishop's Froome Church — Devil's Punch Bowl — Old Brockhampton House and Chapel. Kington District: — Offas Dyke — Eywood — Old Kadnor Church — Coxwall Knoll— Pilleth Hill— Presteign. Ledbury District : — The Church — Eastnor Castle and Park — Misletoe Oak — HafBeld Camp— Malvern Hills — Bromsberrow Church — Herefordshire Beacon — ^Much Marcle Church — Wall Hills Camp — Bosbury Church — Old Oaks — Midsummer Hill Camp — Canon Froome — Colwall Silurian Strata. Leominster District : — Church — Hampton Court — Ivington Camp — Monkland Church— Humber Camp— Croft Ambrey Camp — Mortimer's Cross — Kingsland Village — Wigmore Castle Ruins — Brandon Camp — Aymestrey Limestone Quarries, Fossils, and Fishing — Shobdon Old Church — Bodenham Church — Brampton Bryan Castle— Puddlestone crustacean tracks. Herefordshire. " Objects of Interest. xxxix PoNTRiLAS District: — Kentchiirch Court — Kilpeck Church — Abbey Dore Church — Lougtown Castle — Golden Valley — Garway Dove- cot — Monmouth Cap, Fishino; — Kowlstone — Grosmont Church and Castle — Skenfrith Castle — Rowlstone Church — Cornstones — Kare Fossils at Ewyas Harold. Ludlow District : — Scenery of the Teme — Bone Well — Downton Castle Walks — Leintwardine Church — Fishing Club— Burford Church — Monuments — Ludford — Haywood Forest Oaks. Ross District: — The Church — The Prospect — Wilton Castle— Rudh all — Penyard Castle View — Ariconium; — Goodrich Castle — Swift's House at Goodrich — The Wye Tour — Simond's Yat — Caldwell Rocks — Sollers Hope Camp — Brockhampton Camp — Doward Camp and Bone Caves — How CapleView — Pembridge Castle Ruins — Foy Church — Courtfield — Welsh Bicknor Church. The Handbook for the Counties of Gloucester, Worcester, and Hereford ought not to be published without an allusion to the meet- ings of the choirs of their respective Cathedrals, for the pleasures of harmony, and for raising a fund to assist and support the widows and orphans of the poorer clergy of these dioceses. The festivals com- menced early in the last century, and since 1724 a collection for their charitable objects has been made at the Cathedral doors, with most liberal and beneficial results. The meetings are held in each city triennally — viz., Worcester 1881, Hereford 1882, Gloucester 1883. These festivals, given on a scale sufficent to produce with the highest effect the works selected, in the noble Cathedrals of these cities, have constantly attracted large gatherings, and have maintained their popu- larity even in the face of the important meetings of the same kind now held at Birmingham and other great centres. HANDBOOK FOR GLOUCESTERSHIRE, WORCESTERSHIRE, AND HEREFORDSHIRE. SECTION 1. aLOUCESTERSHIRE. EOUTES. ROUTE PAGE 1 London to Gloucester, by Swindon, [Cricklade] [Mal- mesbury] and Stroud . . 2 2 Swindon to Cirencester, and by Sapperton and Bisley, to Stroud, by Road .. .. 27 2a Gloucester to Cheltenham^ by Rail 39 3 New Swindon to Lechlade and Fairford 43 4 Gloucester to Monmouth and Chepstow, by Neicnham, [Flaxley Abbey'] the Forest of Dean, and Lydney . . 47 4a Chepstow to Coleford, by St, Briavels 54 5 Gloucester to Ross and Hereford 57 6 Gloucester to Bath and Bristol, by [Nailsworth'], [Dursley'], and Berkeley . . 59 6a Bristol to Thornbury, by Yate Junct 94 7 Bristol to Chepstow and South Wales, by the New Passage 96 8 Bristol or Gloucester to the Forest of Dean, by Berke- ley Road Station, Sharp- ness, Lydney, Speech House and Lydbrook-on-Wye .. 100 [a, W. & ROUTE PAGE 9 Cirencester to Bath, by Tet- bury, [Badmington] by Road 102 10 Oxford to Evesham, by Charlbury, Adelstrop, More- ton-in-Marsh, and Chipping- Campden 112 11 Honeybourne Station to Stratford-on- Avon, by Long Marston 121 12 Oxford to Cirencester, by Witney, Burford, Lechlade, and Fairford 123 13 Fairford to Bibury and Ciren- cester, by Road 125 14 Oxford to Cheltenham, by Stow-on-the- Wold, Icomb, and B our ton-on-the- Water 126 15 Cirencester to Gloucester, by DaglingwOrth, Duntesborne, and Birdlip, by Road . . 130 16 Cirencester, by Edgeworth and Birdlip, to Gloucester, by Road 136 17 Cirencester to Cheltenham, by Cubberley, Seven Wells, and Charlton Kings, by Road 137 18 Cheltenham to Burford, by Northleach, by Road . . . . 141 19 Cheltenham to Stow-on-the- Wold, by Andoversford, by Road 147 B 2 Boute 1. — London to Gloucester, Sect. I. ROUTE PAGE 20 Gloucester to Newent and Dz/moc/b, by Road .. .. 148 21 Gloucester to Ledbury, by Staunton, [Swar] by Road 153 22 Gloucester to Tewkesbury and Worcester 155 ROUTE PAGE 23 Ashchurch to Evesham and Alcester 163 24 Cheltenham to Winchcombe, Broadway and Evesham, by Road 165 25 Winchcombe to Evesham, by Toddington, by Road .. 171 ROUTE 1. LONDON TO GLOUCESTER— GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY— BY SWIN- DON [CRICKLADE] [MALMESBURY], STROUD, AND STONEHOUSE. The Great Western trains on their way towards Gloucestershire convey passengers, often without any inter- mediate stoppage, to Swindon Junction Station, 77 m. W. of Paddington, 270 ft. higher than that terminus, and 292 ft. higher than the station at Bristol. Every train is detained at Swindon for ten minutes, to enable travellers to procure refreshments. The station stands in a town of railway creation known as New Swin- don (Pop. 17,769), wliich is inhabited almost exclusively by people in the employ of the Great Western Com- pany. " It is vulcanic, rectangular, and rigidly uniform : a tremendous smithy for the Great Western Rail- way and its branches. Here several hundred iron horses are shod ; their harness and carriages made and repaired." — Elihu Burritt, The area of the company's works, originally about 115,000 sq. yds., was enlarged in 1871, and they now give employ- ment to many thousands of hands ; tlie whole of the company's stores and manufacturing plant being con- centrated at Swindon. (For detailed particulars of this busy place, see Handbook for Wilts.) The Church, in the Dec. Eng. style, with a tower surmounted by a spire 140 ft. high, was erected by the company at a cost of 6000Z. Adjoin- ing are the parsonage and school buildings, erected at a further cost of nOOl. Near these is a piece of ground laid out as a park' and cricket-field. The market-town of Old Swindon (Inhab. 4696), " centuries old, looks down from the summit of a hill," a mile distant from the station, on the surrounding world, and com- mands a very extensive view (Inn : Goddard Arms). The Lawn (Amb. Goddard, Esq.), a mansion in the Italian style. 2 1 m. S. on the flank of the Marlborough Downs, Burderop Park (T. C. P. Galley, Esq.). At Swindon, the Gloucester and South Wales section of the Great Western branches off from the main line to Bristol ; but, as these are distinct services, it is seldom neces- sary for the traveller to change car- riages here for Gloucester. The Gloucester line runs nearly parallel with the North Wilts Canal, for some distance skirting the once extensive forest of Bradon, which covered a large portion of Wiltshire. 4 m. Burton Station (Inns: Angel and Railway). Anne Hyde, mother I of Queen Anne, was born in a house Gloucest. Boute 1. — Lydiard Tregoze — Minety, 3 still standing, where her father, Mr. Henry Hyde, resided. The Church, chiefly Perp., with a few Dec. windows, has a handsome central tower surmounted by a spire, and a second tower at its W. end, with open parapet and pinnacles. It was thoroughly restored in 1872 ; and contains memorials to the ances- tors of Dr. Maskelyne, Astronomer Koyal, and projector of the Nautical Almanac, first published in 1767, who was buried here in 1811. There are mineral springs 2J m. on the road to Cricklade, of bromo- iodated water, which being recom- mended for their medicinal proper- ties, an attempt has been made to raise this village to the dignity of a watering-place, under the designa- tion of Purton Spa. [IJ m. S.W. Ringshury, a quad- rangular Koman camp. 8 m. Lydiard Tregoze Park (Vis- count Bolingbroke), a plain stone mansion in a park well wooded with old oaks, from the reign of Henry VII. the seat of the St. John family. The Church will well repay a vi«it, the windows of the chancel contain- ing devices of the family in stained glass : among these is an olive-tree, from the bough of which hang the shields of the heiresses througli whom the estates came to the St. Johns. There are gorgeous monu- ments, one enclosed within folding doors, painted with life-size figures and the family pedigree. Under a Corinthian canopy are the kneeling figures of Nicholas and Elizabeth St. John, 1589. 4 m. Midghall Farm, an old moated house, once the Grange of Stanley Abbey. 5 m. by road is Wootton Basset Stat. {Inn : Eoyal Oak). 4J m. rt. Cricklade (Inn: White Hart), an ancient borough town of 1900 Inhab., on the Ermine Street and the Isis, was a position of im- portance in very remote days, being one of the principal places of transit between Wessex and Mercia ; and its name in Anglo-Saxon days of " Crecco-gelad " or " creg-lad " is derived from the British " cerrig " a stone, and ''lad" a ford. It was plundered by the Danes in a.d. 905 and in a.d. 1016. The privilege of electing two representatives was gianted by Edward II. to its inhabitants, but owing to the mis- conduct of the electors, this right was extended in 1782 to the 43,552 inhabitants of an extensive sur- rounding district, including Swin- don. The cruciform ch. of St. Samp- son has a pinnacled central tower, the lantern of which is internally decorated with armorial shields, and contains a curious clock. The small ch. of St. Mary's has a semicircular Norm, arch of good character between the chancel and nave. A sculptured cross in the churchyard coiitaias the crucifixion in alto-relievo, with other figures. In the principal street is the stone shaft of a cross on steps. It is ornamented with quatrefoils on the base, and has niches with canopies at the top, one apparently decorated with statues. From Purton station 4 J m. is South Cerney, and 7 m. Down Ampney ; places which can be more con- veniently reached from Cirencester, where post-horses can always be obtained.] 8 m. Minety Station (Inns : Red Lion and Vale of White Horse). This parish is situate in two counties, having within its limits some outly- ing acres of Gloucestershire islanded by Wilts : one of these Gloucester- shire islands containing again a smaller island of Wiltshire within itself. In the N. aisle of the Ear. Eng. ch. is a quadrangular mural brass of a man m armour, for Nicholas Poulett (d. 1620), his wife and four daugijters. and a tablet for Charles Pleydell, Esq. (d. 1704). William Penn, father of Sir Wm. Penn, M.P B 2 4 Boute 1. — Malmeshury — Kemble Stat Soct. L was buried here in 1591. He was a keeper in the forest of Bradon. [a. 5 m. Charlton Park (Earl of Suf- folk and Berkshire). This mansion has been erected at different periods. The oldest portion in the reign of James I. ; the W. front in the succeeding reign, from a design of Inigo Jones; and the E. front in 1773. Tlie picture gallery, a spa- cious and handsome room, contains a large collection of interesting paintings, a few of which, including the famous La Vierge aux Rocliers, by Leo7i. da Vinci, have been trans- ferred to the National Gallery. 6. 7 ra. Malmeshury, a borough town returning one M.P. {Inns: King's Arms ; George). Inhab. 7000. Of its abbey, one of splendid monastic grandeur, founded in the 7th century for Benedictine monks, the domestic and residential buildings have been either destroyed, built over, or con- verted into dwellings ; and the nave of its ch., a noble ruin, alone remains. Its external elevation is very im- posing, from the great height of its clerestory, the windows of which have been altered from the original round arch to the pointed style, — and its series of pinnacles of fine 14th century work. The most attractive feature of the ch. is the S. porch, " of surpassing richness, the pro- fusion of ornament work exceeding that of any otlier part of the build- ing.'' — Richman. The first two rows of the foliated ornaments represent subjects from the Old Testament, and the outside row from the New Testament, each one being enclosed in an ornamental ring. Over the arch of the inner door is a carved representation of Christ in Majesty, The sides of the porch are also ornamented with carved figures in alto-relievo. This building is a very early example of Transition Norm, work. More detailed description will be found in the Handbook for Wilts. A Cross in the market-place, erected about 1480, " is one of the most beautiful specimens of the kind remaining. Its plan is octagonal, the exterior supporting piers ter- minating in pinnacles, and the cen- tral shaft being continued above the roof, forming an ornamental tur- ret, supported by flying buttresses. Leland says, * Tiiere is a right faire and costely peace of worke for poor market folks to stand dry when rayne cumraeth : the men of the towne made this peace of worke in liominum memoria.^ " The remains of the Hos- pital of St. John at the lower end of the town exhibit a very handsome arch. 1 m. S. of Malniesbury, Cole Park (Audley Lovell, Esq.). In the library of this mansion is an illuminated Bible in 4 vols, of good 14th-century work.] 13 m. Kemble Junction Station is reached after passing a tunnel 500 yards in length. [Passengers for Cirencester change trains at Kemble Station, and take the branch line of 4 m. to that town. (See Route 2.) ] Kemble House (Miss Gordon), a picturesque mansion of the 16th centy., once the residence of the Coxe family. The ch. is Norm, with Perp. additions and insertions. Its graceful spire, rising from a clump of stately elms, has on many occa- sions been injured by lightning. An omnibus plies between this station and Tetbury (see Route 9), and carriages can be had by order- ing them beforehand. 2 m. S. of Kemble Stat. Oaksey, once a royal park, and described by Aubrey as admirably well wooded, with the best oaks in the country." Continuing our journey by the G.W.R. from Kemble Junct. 2i m. on an eminence to the rt. Gloucest. Boute 1. — Kemble — Brinscomh, 5 the Churcli of Coates, restored in 1860. Its Anglo-Norman aisle was evidently the ancient church. The tower, 25 yards in heiglit, and the nave were built in the lith cen- tury, by John Wyatt, then rector. The fact is perpetuated by inscrip- tions yet legible on the tower and chancel window. Thomas Master, a well-known writer, who assisted Lord Herbert of Cherbury in ob- taining materials for the Life of Henry VIII., was rector of this parish temp. Charles I., and died at Oxford in 1643. Manor House (Genl. Key). The G. W. Rly., after passing Ooates, and about three miles beyond Kemble Stat., is carried through the Cots wold range into the Stroud water Valley by a Tunnel 1| m. in length, and on an incline of 1 in 95 feet, piercing the end of the oolite range at the summit level of the line. In 1844 the labourers employed in dig- ging at its entrance found a human skeleton embedded in 15 inches of earth, and by its side 70 Roman coins of the Emperors Gallienus, Victorinus, Tetricus, Quintillus, Car- ausins, Allectus, and of the Empress Salonina. On emerging from the darkness the traveller is carried along the side of a steep valley, thickly timbered, whose tints in autumn have procured for it the name of the Golden Valley, and through a rapid succession of picturesque views in a distance of 10 m., during which the line follows the foldings of the valley, overlooking the cloth-mills on the river Frome ; and near Stonehouse the mountain ranges of Monmouthshire and the Malverns are added to the scene. In Chalford Bottom the first clothing- mill is said by Atkyns to have been erected : and at St. Mary's mill Friar Bacon is traditionally said to have been born, and a room is shown as his study. Most copious springs of water burst from the limestone rock below Chalford, and flow into the river Frome. 99 J m. Brimscorrib Stat. (Inn: Railway H.). A succession of fac- tories will be noticed in the valley through which the river flows ; in- deed, this stream, from the rapidity of its current and the quality of the water, is considered to have mainly contributed to establish the reputa- tion of the broad-cloth manufacture of the district. On the rt. bank is what is known in Yorkshire as a " tenterfield^^ for hanging out the cloth to dry on frames attached to " tenterhooks." Several silk-mills are established here. When the broad-cloth manufacture at Chalford began to decline, in con- sequence of the hand-loom weavers striking against the introduction of machinery, one of the mills was hired by strangers from Birming- ham, and fitted up with turning- machinery for the manufacture of bone buttons, knife-handles, and other similar articles; and even- tually the firm directed their atten- tion to the production of umbrella, parasol, and walking-sticks, for which the large quantity of beech- timber growing in the neighbour- hood furnished suitable material. At DangerfieMs Mill, walking- sticks are manufactured both from large timber of six feet girth, and from small underwood. The timber which is chiefly beech, is first sawn into battens of about three feet in length and as many inches in width ; and from each of these battens are afterwards cut two square sticks with square heads in opposite directions, so that the middle portion is waste wood. The corners of each stick are afterwards rounded off by a planing process called " trapping," and the square head is reduced by a small saw to form a convenient han- dle. Many sticks are supplied with bone and horn handles, which are fastened on with glue. 6 Boute 1. — MincMnhampton : Church. Sect. 1. Sticks manufactured from small underwood are generally of hazel, ash, oak, and thorn, brought to the factory in large bundles, having in general an ungainly appearance, crooked and rough. Their numer- ous imperfections are soon pruned away, and their ugliness converted into elegance. When sufficiently seasoned and fit for working, they are first laid to soak in wet sand, and rendered more tough and pli- able ; a workman then takes them one by one, and, securing them with an iron stock, bends them skilfully this way and that, so as to bring out their natural crooks, and render them at last all straight even rods. If they are not required to be knotted, they next go to the " tapper," who puts them through a kind of circular plane, which takes off their knots, and renders them uniformly smooth and round. The most important process of all is that of giving them their elegantly curved handles, for which purpose they are passed over to the crooker." To prevent break- ing, the wood is rendered pliant by further soaking in wet sand ; and a flexible band of metal is clamped down firmly to that portion of the stick that will form the outside of the curve ; the top end then being fitted into a grooved iron shoulder, which determines the size of the crook, the other end is brought round so as to point in the opposite direc- tion, the metal band during this pro- cess binding with increasing tight- ness against the stretching fibres of the wood, so that they cannot snap or give way under the strain. The sticks when fashioned, are polished, stained, and varnished ; they are sometimes burned brown, and carved with foliage, animal heads, and other devices, for umbrellas and parasols. There are several factories in this borough engaged in the manufacture of sticks, but Dangerfield's at Chal- ford is the principal one, and fur- nishes employment to upwards of 500 hands. The goods which are turned out by these factories are sent to the stick and umbrella purveyors of London, Bristol, Birmingham, Glasgow, and a few other large towns, for redistribution. Foreign wood is but little used in these fac- tories ; the handsome and expensive sticks of foreign growth, that may be seen in London shop-windows, are of London manufacture. J m. rt. Bussage House of Mercy, a reformatory establishment for girls. 3 m. 1. Minchinhampton (Inn: Crown). A town, placed on a gra- dual declivity facing the S.E., con- sisting of 4 streets at right angles, though irregularly built, near the point where two of the principal thoroughfares of the county once existed. The inhabitants of the district (4800) are principally en- gaged in the cloth trade, the mills being worked by the numerous brooks in the locality. In the reign of Edward the Confessor the Countess Goda held Hampton. After the Conquest it was given to the nuns of Caen, hence its additional name from Monachyn, a nun. On the suppression of alien monasteries, in the reign of Henry V., it passed to the Nunnery of Syon, in Middle- sex. Henry YIII. compelled Lord Windsor to accept this manor in lieu of Stanwell, which the king took forcible possession of. From the Windsors it passed to Mr. Sheppard, an eminent clothier, who, circ. 1770, erected tlie mansion at Gatcombe, a spot of great beauty S.E. The manor and seat now belong to H. G. Kicardo, Esq., by whose grandfather, David Ricardo, M.P., a celebrated writer on political economy, they were purchased in 1814. The Church is a large cruciform structure, rebuilt in 1842 on the site of the original building erected Gloucest. Boute 1. — Amberley. 7 temp. Henry III. The S. transept, rebuilt with a stone roof in 1382 by- Sir Kobert de la Mere and Matilda, his wife, whose recumbent effigies are in nrcades under an elegant rose window, and the N. transept, are the only portions of the ancient church except the tower, which rises from the centre of the transepts. It was once surmounted by a spire, which being blown down in 1602, the tower was rebuilt with an inele- gant embattled parapet. There are numerous memorials in the church for families of repute in the locality, and some good Brasses, and among them, on a brass plate, a Latin inscription to Dr. Bradley, the celebrated astroaomer, who was in- terred here a.d. 1762. The Lammas (C. K. Baynes, Esq.). Hyde House (Mrs. Bowstead). Longfords (A. T. Playne, Esq.). Minchinhampton Common, 600 ft. above the sea-level, is one of the most elevated plateaus of the Cots- wold, and from the purity and bracing quality of its air, is a great resort for invalids. The "Hut Dwellings" of this common when opened were found to contain fragments of very coarse pottery, some flint, quartz pebbles, and a piece of the old red conglo- merate, the latter probably from the Forest of Dean. The pit dwell- ings or huts, since an active search has been made for them, have been found to be far more numerous than was supposed. There are between 200 and 300 at Minchinhampton, about the same number on Kod- borougli, and 134 have been counted on Selsley. The pottery found in these huts is of a much ruder char- acter than any found in the tumuli of the district at present. No de- finite age has been assigned to these peculiar structures. Amberley (Pop. 1420), on W. side of the town, a large district of about 900 acres given to the poor house- holders resident in the parish by Dame Alice Hampton in 1556, is the site of a remarkable entrenchment. The great vallum is irregular, with small trenches branching from it. It varies in height, never exceeding 8 feet, composed of rubble stone, ce- mented and coated with turf ; com- mencing at Littleworth, it extends nearly 3 m. to W oeful Dane Bottom ; a smaller enclosure skirting the brow of Nailsworth Hill meets it at the E. extremity. By a transverse vallation near the S.W. an area of 10 acres square is enclosed, a circumstance ob- servable in most Saxon camps. " From E. end of the common it is continued through the park, where much of it is levelled. The brow ofLittle worth Hill is sufficientlj" fortified by its abrupt- ness.'' — Bigland. There is a church and parsonage-house, erected and endowed in 1836 at the sole cost of the late David Kicardo, Esq. Earl Russell, K.G., took his second title from this village. Amherley Court (Mrs. Wliitehead). Among other interesting objects preserved here are portraits carved in ivory of Lord Howard of Effing- ham, the hero of the Armada, and of Sir M. Frobisher ; also a fine silver-mounted vessel of Cologne ware, with date 1581. The name of Woefid (or Woefield) Dane Bottom (i. e. Ulfa Dane) is given to a dip in the hill between Minchinhampton and Gatcombe, and alludes to the fatal overthrow^ of these invaders, who, under Ulfa, having sailed up the Severn, com- mitted frightful ravages in these parts, and met with a signal over- throw A.D. 918 from the Saxons un- der Wolfliang. The Saxon Chronicle records, "that the inhabitants of Herefordshire rose in arms, and, being joined by those of Gloucestershire, they fell on the Danes, and after a bloody battle put them to flight, with the loss of one of their leaders." Iq a field on 1. adjoining the road 8 Boute 1. — Stroud. Sect. I. is a remarkable honeycombed stone, 9 ft. high, 6 ft. at the base, supposed to be erected to commemorate the battle. Fossil organic remains are found in the limestone deposits of this locality, and rare botanic produc- tions are numerous. The freestone so well known as Fainswick stone is chiefly obtained from an extensive quarry at Balls Green, near this spot. 102 m. Stroud Station {Hotels: Koyal George; Imperial, at Eail- way) ; the centre and principal town of the clothing districts, occupying the side of a steep hill, commanding an extensive prospect over the fertile valleys of the neighbourhood. With 12 other parishes it obtained the privilege of returning 2 M.P.s in 1832, the enfranchised boundary including 30,000 acres, and 6331 voters in 1880. "It is so called from the Ang.-Saxon word strood, which signifies scattered, from the houses lying dispersed." — Atkyns. The Churchy rebuilt 1867, except tower and spire, at a cost of 7000L, in Ear. Eng. style, consists of a nave (74 ft. long), with its clerestory lights, aisles, transepts, chancel, chancel-aisles, porch, and vestry. The pulpit is of Painswick stone, raised on six columns of black Devo- nian marble, with a massive cen- tral one of red marble, all having capitals richly carved. Between these are three alabaster panels with sculptured figures of St. Peter, St. James, and St. John, in pure white marble. Several windows have been filled with modern stained glass as memorials. In the chancel to Wm. Stanton, Esq., and his wife; and to Charles Stanton, Esq. In N. transept to John Biddell, Esq. In S. transept to Mrs. Anne Mander. In N. aisle to Charles Goddard, Esq. In S. aisle to Thomas Hill, Esq. The window over the outer entrance to the tower is called the Children's Window, the painted glass being obtained by con- tributions obtained by children of the town. The subject is appro- priately chosen — *' Christ blessing little children. ' There is a richly ornamented iron screen between the tower arch and the nave. The rere- dos, designed by Sir G. G. Scott, is a memorial to Wm. Stanton, Esq., M.P. for the borough, and his wife. Stroud was once a part of the parish of Bisley, but separated in 1304 by an arrangement between the rectors of Bisley and the inhabitants, " on account of the great peril to souls, from their difficulty in procuring the Sacraments, owing to the distance of the mother church and the badness of the roads; the householders in Stroud agreeing to maintain and repair the fabric of their chapel for all future time." The Town-hall, once the old market-house, was erected in the 15th centy., by John Throckmorton, Esq., of Lypiatt. It is 50 ft. long by 25 ft. 6 in. wide. The Corn-hall, erected in 1870, is 46 ft. in length, 22 ft. in width, and 20 ft. in height. The Subscription Booms, a rect- angular building, erected in 1836 from designs of Basevi, consists of an entrance-hall 28 ft. long, an inner hall of 25 ft., an upper room 70 ft. in length, 43 in width, and 23 ft. in height, with other side- rooms on each floor. In the upper room is a full-length portrait of J. Watts, Esq., by Briggs, B.A., a large painting by Snyder s — the gift of the first Earl Ducie— and a land- scape, from a scene taken in Portu- gal, painted and presented by General Sir Samuel Hawker. There is also a 12-pound carronade, brought from Sebastopol by Col. Hallewell. There is also a small but very well- managed hospital, which has proved Gloucest. Boute 1. — Stroud — Painswich. 9 a great public benefit of late years, especially in cases of injury by acci- dents and other emergencies. The soil contains a freestone full of bivalve shells ; nautili, ammonites, and stalactites are found in its cavities and quarries. An extensive Woollen Manufac- ture has existed here from an early period, and it formerly enjoyed an exclusive trade in the production of scarlet cloth, the waters of the small rivers Frome, Slade, and Pains- wick water, at whose confluence the town is built, being supposed to have a peculiar property for fixing scarlet and other colours. *^ Clothing as good as any in Eng- land/* says Fuller, " for finenesse and colour, is wrought in tins county, where the cloathiers have a double advantage : — First, plenty of the best wooU growing therein on Cots- wold Hills, so that, whereas clothiers in some counties fetch their wooll far olf with great cost, it is here but the removing it from the hacks of the sheep into their works-houses. Se- condly, they have the benefit of an excellent water for colouring their cloath, being the sweet rivulet of Stroud, which, arising about Brimps- field, runneth across the shire into the Severn. Now, no rational man will deny occult qualities of perfec- tion in some above other waters (whereby Spanish Steele, non natura sed traciura, becomes more tough than ours in England), as the best Beds (a colour which always carried somewhat of magistracy therein) are dyed in Stroud water. Hence it is that this shire hath aiforded many wealthy cloathiers, whereof some may seem in their loames to have inter- woven their own names into cloaths called (Webb-cloath and Clutter- bucks) after the names of the first makers of them, for many years- after." In 1863 there were 14 fulling- mills, employing 1300 people. Joseph White. D.D., Professor of Arabic at Oxford, who died 1814, and John Canton, F.E.S., who died 1772, were natives of this borough, and sons of weavers. The former was born at Whiteshill, a populous locality, 2 m. N.W., where a Church in the Norman style, with an em- battled tower, was erected in 1841, by subscription, largely aided by the munificence of the late Rev. Dr. Warneford. [3 m. N.E. Painswick, a market town of 5019 Inhab. {Inn: Falcon.) Its earliest name was Wicke, but, the manor being granted to Pain Fitz- Jolin, it obtained its present longer denomination. One of the customs of this manor, that a widow shall enjoy her free bench for life on pay- ment of one penny, was a privilege granted a.d. 1442, by that distin- guished soldier, Sir John Talbot, the first Earl of Shrewsbury, to re- compense those natives of Pain wick who had been killed in the French wars. It having been represented that 11 married men out of 16 had lost their lives beyond sea, the widows were allowed " to remain with whom they list." The Church, a fine building of debased style, consists of a nave, 2 aisles, 3 chancels, with a tower and spire at the W. end 174 ft. in height, and containing a celebrated peal of 12 bells. The spire was struck by lightning in a thunder-storm which occurred in June 1883, when the upper portion was hurled down through the roof of the nave; the tower witb its pinnacles also sustain- ing much damage. The S. aisle is modern, with a portico of the Ionic order. The N. aisle is decorated with battlements and antique gurgoyles, terminated by grotesquely-headed demons. An altar-piece of native freestone was the gift of B. Hyett, M.P., in 1743, and there are monu- ments of Charles Hyett, M.P. for Gloucester, and constable of its castle, d. 1738 ; Rev. Robert Strong, vicar during 35 years ; Rev. J. 10 Boute 1. — Stonehouse — Woodchester, Sect. I. Mozely, and for Rev. Geo. Dorwood, d. 1685, with these lines : — " Strict was his life, his doctrine sound, his care More to convert the soul, than please the ear ; A watchman true, whose peaceful soul now blest, Crown'd in a moment with eternal rest." The churchyard is exceptionally picturesque, having its walls flanked by yew-trees, of which it is a popular belief that the number has always been 99, and that it is impossible to increase their number, the attempt, often made, being always unsuccess- ful. Painswick House^ the residence of F. A. Hyett, Esq., is a mansion on the Gloucester road, erected in 1721, with apartments added in 1827, judiciously surrounded by planta- tions. There is a fortification with double entrenchments on the top of Sponebed Hill (929 ft. high), 1 m. from the town. It is a square camp, enclosing 3 acres of ground, and has some advanced works belonging to it. Roman coins have been frequently dug up, and about 1730 a sword and heads of spears nearly demolished by rust. A varied prospect is afforded from this eminence, 929 ft. above the Se- vern. It was one of the castra exploratoria of the Romans. These heights were occupied by the Royalist army after the siege of Gloucester, August 1643. Royal proclamations exist in the city archives, dated at " Our Court at Painswick." The Grove (Wm. Capel, Esq.), a mansion erected in 1845, in the Gothic style on the slope of a hill, replacing a former residence. 2J m. W. Bodhorough Manor (E. J. Dean Paul, Esq.), erected circ. 1770 by Sir O. Paul, Bart. In 1855 it was purchased by Earl Rus- sell, K.G., as a family residence, and resold to its present owner. 1 m. W. Rodborough Ch., rebuilt 1842, contains a tablet to Dr. Stan- field, by whose exertions a regiment raised to promote the Revolution of 1688 was clothed by the manufac- turers of this district. Rodborough Hill afibrds a fine exposure of the zone of the Ammonites ParMnsonL The beds are very fossiliferous, but the shells are seldom extracted en- tire.] 105 m. Stonehouse Stat, a neat though irregularly built village with 3000 Inhab., who are employed in various branches of the cloth manu- facture. (^Inn : Crown and Anchor.) There is a small pump-room over a spring of mineral water in the vil- lage. The ch. has a low tower with a peal of 6 bells — it was enlarged in 1746, and rebuilt from the foun- dations, excepting the tower, in 1855. There is a stat. on the Bristol \ and Birmingham Rly., J m. (see ^ Rte. 6), from the Great Western Rly. Stat. Stonehouse Court, an old Eliza- bethan mansion (Major F. B. Chap- maij). [Railway, Stonehouse to Nails- worth, — a branch of the Midland — runs by Ryeford and Dudbridge Stats, to Woodchester Stat. (Udecestre Domi), a village which has attained historical celebrity from the nu- merous Roman remains discovered within its limits. A tessellated pave- ment in the churchyard, 25 ft. in dia- meter, " is for its size and richness of ornament superior to any found in Britain, and equalled by few in any province of the Roman Empire." — Lysons. It has an inscription on its surface : bonum eventum oolite. The materials of which the tesserjB are formed are, except the white, the produce of a hard calcareous stone, bearing a good polish, and resembling the Palombino marble of Italy, found in the Vale of Glou- cester. This pavement is ordinarily Gloucest. Boute 1. — Woodchester. 11 covered up with the soil, but is periodically opened for inspection, of which due notice is given by adver- tisement. Foundations of apartments, "with pavements of various patterns, and part of a hypocaust, have been uncovered contiguous to the great pavement. In 1795-6 the ground- plot of an extensive building was traced out, conjectured to have been a villa residence of the Roman pro- praetor, and occasionally of the em- peror. The ornaments are those which prevailed in the time of Hadrian (a.d. 117), for whom it may have been erected during his visit to Britain. Woodchester Park (Wm. Leigh, Esq.). The manor, which anciently be- longed to the Maltravers and Hunt- leys, was purchased by Sir Robert Ducie, an eminent London goldsmith, famed for his loyalty and liberality to Charles I. By marriage with the heiress it came to the first Earl Ducie, of whom it was purchased by Wm. Leigh, Esq., who has erected in the village a handsome ch., to which is attached a religious house for friars of the Dominican order, to which he has been a liberal bene- factor. In it candidates for the priesthood undergo a course of study in divinity and philosophy under the superintendence of a Prior. The whole forming a very imposing pile of building, has a small collection of Roman and other historical remains. The Priory (Mrs. Cholmley). At- combe House (unoccupied). The parish Church, which had an altar-tomb for Sir George and Lady Huntley, also tablets for the Peach family, was pulled down in 1861, and a new edifice has been erected in another place. Sir O. Paul, who d. 1774, has a memorial in the ch.-yard. A nunnery, includino: an orphan- age, was erected in 1859 for nuns of the third order of St. Francis. It contains a Lady Superior and 21 Sisters. A quantity of gold coin of Ed- ward IV. was found here in 1697. The clothing manufacture has flourished in this parish from an early date, and the first napping mill was erected here by Sir O. Paul, who was honoured by a visit from Frede- rick Prince of Wales in 1750 ; and his son. Sir G. O. Paul, was also fa- voured by a royal visit in July, 1788, thus described by a contemporary writer : — *'The king and royal family made an excursion from Cheltenham through Painswick to Stroud, and on the discharge of a cannon on Rod- borough-hill the gentlemen assem- bled to meet them on Stroud Green. At this place the royal party waited to see some boats pussed through the new locks on the canal. They then proceeded to Woodchester, where Sir G. Paul ingeniously contrived to ex- hibit the whole process of the cloth- ing manufacture from the fleece i:ntil made into cloth. The king minutely inspected every branch, and walked through the mills to see the works in progress.'* 3 m. Bunkirh House (Rev. — . Turner), once the property of Lord Windsor ; an old manor-house re- paired in the last cent., with a stone front, on side of the hill facing Wood- chester Park. Among many inte- resting relics, is a cup of Oriental porcelain that belonged to Alex- ander Pope. The grounds contain much fine timber. 4 m. Nailsworth, a populous vil- lage, contains woollen cloth, flock, and pin manufactories, and is con- nected with the Bristol and Glou- cester Railway by a branch line (see page 62). Turnpike- road rt. 5 m. Horsley, 3000 Inhab. The Court House (Col. Horsley.)] The Great Western Ely., after 12 Route 1. — StandisJi Church — Gloucester. Sect. I. Stonehouse, passes by a curve into the Vale of Severn, running side by side with the Midland ali the way to Gloucester. The view is ex- tremely pleasing : a succession of meadows, gardens, and orchards, with thickly timbered hedgerows, extend to the distant steep of the oolite range, which is in its turn covered to about half its height with hanging woods of great luxuriance. Shortly after passing Stonehouse on the 1. of the line is seen Standish Church, Dec. with a fine E. window and graceful spire; a house adjoining the ch.-yard is of the 14th cent., though much altered. It was an almonry of the Abbey of St. Peter, Gloucester. On the sum- mit of the hill is a remarkable camp on a bold promontory called Broadridge Green (715 ft,), en- closed by a transverse vallation of 50 ft. deep, and containing 15 acres, not apparently a work of contem- poraneous construction. The first division of it is made by a single entrenchment 15 ft. high and 900 yds. long, its sides being nearly parallel yet not straight. It is con- jectured to be of British formation, subsequently occupied by the Eomans and deepened in the Civil Wars : the view from the bank is very extensive. An earthen pot, containing nearly 2000 small brass Roman coins, rang- ing from A.D. 292 to 392, ploughed up near its eastern entrance, is in possession of the Lord of the Manor, Mr. Niblett. 106J m. on the 1. is the elegant spire of Haresfield^ with Haresfield Court standing close by, a picturesque object in the scene. The Church, which has a double chancel, contains the effigies of one of the De Bohuns (a crusader) and his wives, and other monumental records (see page 62). The Midland line has a small station here. 1 m. on rt. the rly. passes Robin's Wood Hill, 652 feet,— an outlier of the Cotswold range, of conical form, rising out of the vale, from whence Gloucester was formerly supplied with water. Walpole describes it as " lofty enough for an Alp, yet a mountain of turf to the top, having wood scattered over it, springs that long to be cascades, and from the summit it beats the view at Hagley, having Gloucester at its foot, and the Severn widening in the horizon." At its base is Matson House (the Hon. Misses Rice), the paternal seat of the witty Geo. A. Selwyn, M.P. for Gloucester 1754-80, now of Earl Sydney, K.G. It was erected temp. Eliz. by Sir A. Willoughby, from whom it was purchased by the Selwyns. Charles I. and his two sons made this house their head- quarters in 1643, during the siege of Gloucester, and a window retains marks cut by the two princes during their sojourn. In 1788 Geo. III. and royal family visited tlie mansion and ascended the hill. The ch. is a brick building, erected in 1730, with a low tower. It contains monuments of the Selwyns, and underwent reno- vation in 1872. 114| m. Gloucester Junct. Stat. — shared jointly by the Great West- ern and Midland Railways, the trains starting from difierent platforms (Hotels: Bell; Spread Eagle; Ram) — is the county town, Pop. 36,521. In- hab. houses, 6919, on the 1. bank of the Severn. Tliis city takes its origin and name from the British town Cair- Glou, near which, at Kingsholm, the Romans formed a camp, called Glevum,tokeep the Siluresin subjec- tion. The ground-plan of the Roman town is preserved in the present straight streets, running N., S., E., and W., and crossing in the centre. Under Aulus Plautius it became a place of military and commercial importance; hence the coins and other interesting vestiges of Roman Gloucest. Boute 1. — Gloucester: History, 13 occupation disinterred at various times, and preserved in the cabinets of local collectors. Under the Saxons it was part of the kingdom of Mercia, and called Gleawanceastre ; and, according to Bede, was esteemed one of the noblest cities in the island. In A.D. 679 Wolphere, first Christian king of Mercia, founded a monas- tery, which, in a.d. 681. Ethelred, brother of Wolphere, caused to be built in honour of St. Peter. In the 9th centy. Gloucester was oc- cupied by the Danes : in 896 Alfred held a "Wittena-Gemot ; Athelstan died here 940; and Elgiva was cruelly put to death within its walls. The city was the scene of several ruinous conflicts between the Danes and Saxons, before the division of the kingdom between Canute and Edmund Ironside. Edward the Con- fessor was a frequent resident. Wil- liam I. and II. kept their Christmas frequently with great splendour in the Abbey ; and in 1093 Malcolm, king of Scotland, was the guest of the former monarch, to settle the details of a treaty. Henry I. ac- quired from his visits that passion for lampreys quae semper ei noce- bant et semper eas amabat," which caused his death from a fatal surfeit of them. The cause of the Empress Maud was warmly espoused by the citizens, and when she escaped from Wfnchester Castle she fled to her stronghold here. Henry II. sum- moned a great council to this city in 1175. King John, was a constant visitor, and enjoyed the field sports of the forest from his castles of Glou- cester and St. Briavels. Henry III. was, in consequence of the war with the Barons, crowned in the Abbey at the age of 10 ; and King John's crown, having been lost when cross- ing the well-stream from Lynn to Lincolnshire, a plain chaplet of gold was used on this occasion, and the Regalia being at Westminster, that part of a regal coronation was dis- pensed with. This monarch, who is represented to have " loved Glou- cester better than London," was a forced resident here when the pri- soner of Simon de Montfort. Par- liaments were held by Edward I., Kichard II., Henry IV., and Henry v., and some of the statutes passed are still in force, and known as the * Statutes of Gloucester.* The remains of Edw. II. were interred in the cathedral in 1327. The order to Brackenbury for the murder of the princes in the Tower was sent by Kichard III. when visiting Glou- cester, to which city he granted a charter. Henry VII. experienced a most encouraging reception from the citizens when en route to Bosworth Field, 1485. Hen. VIII. and James 1. were received on their progresses ; the latter lodged at the Deanery and touched for the evil in 1605. At a very early period of the civil wars the citizens, who were much disaffected owing to the arbitrary proceedings of the Star Chamber and of Archbishop Laud, who had made himself an object of their dislike when resident here as dean, de- clared for the Parliament, and their hostility operated fatally to the royal cause. On Aug. 10, 1643, the king, with an army of 8000 horse and foot, encamped at the foot of Kobin's Wood Hill, and summoned the city to sur- render under the promise of a general amnesty, to which a refusal was sent by Governor Massie and the magistrates, who ordered the suburbs to be destroyed, on the prin- ciple that "a city without skirts left nothing for the enemy to sit upon.*' A regular siege then com- menced, for which cannon were brought from Oxford, and the city was invested on all sides. The in- habitants were reduced to the greatest extremities, when they were relieved and the siege raised, Sept. 5, by the military tactics of Lord Essex, who fought his way from London with 14 Boute 1. — Gloucester : Catliedral, Sect. I. 10,000 men through continuous op- position. The walls and some of the gates were razed at the Kestoration by order of Charles II. : although the citizens sent early congratulations on his safe return ; " lauded his sin- gular patience in his long and dis- consolate exile ; implored pardon, and cheerfully yielded up the fee-farm rents due to the crown, which they had been forced to purchase by the threatening violence of the times." — State Papers. In 1798 George III. and the Royal Family, when re- siding at Cheltenham, gratified the citizens by several visits. In 1807 George IV. was entertained by the Corporation, and presented with the freedom of the city- The chief building and great orna- ment of the city is the Cathedral, once the ch. of the Abbey of St. Peter, and called by Gloucester people " tlie College " (Holy Trinity), a Norm, carcase nearly complete, but ♦ altered by repairs ; within, its length is 420 ft., its height to roof of nave 68 ft. It was begun upon the de- struction by fire of an earlier church, circ. 1088, by Abbot Serlo, and of his time are the crypt, choir, and central nave; and it was finished . circ. 1100. It has undergone careful restoration under the skilful hands of Sir G. G. Scott, B.A. The ch. consists of a S. porch ; nave, and aisles; choir with aisles continued round the altar; a cross Lady Chapel on the E. ; two apsidal chapels branching off from N.E. and S.E. ends of the clioir aisles ; and two chapels at E. side of the transept. The elegant Perp. S. porch (1422- 27), with roof of fan-tracery, has been completely restored — almost reproduced — so mutilated and de- faced was every detail. Sculptured figures have been inserted in many of the niches with which it is covered. The nave is majestic Norm., its massive cu'cular piers, 14 in number, and measuring in circumference 21 ft. 4 in. (1089-1100), the two piers nearest the W. end are of Perp. style and date. Many of the Norm, win- dows of the nave, aisles, and clere- story contain Perp. tracery. The vaulting of the nave. Ear. Eng. 1242, especially of the S. aisle, is an unequalled specimen of the style. The choir (1337-1377), 140 ft. by 33, and 84 ft. high, owes its character of beauty to a veil of Perp. tracery thrown over the original Norm, in- terior. In its recent restoration all its decayed or mutilated stonework has been carefully repaired, and every portion of the work thoroughly cleansed; whilst the incomparable vaulting of the roof has been em- bellished by a judicious application of colour by Messrs. Clayton and Bell. The floor has been entirely relaid with marble and encaustic tiles. The choir vaulting is one of the richest examples in England; and although its lines of ornament are thrown out in every direction like those of a spider's web, " the com- plication is really the effect of per- spective, since when reduced to drawing, the lines form a simple geometrical figure." — Willis. The bosses and interlacing stone ribs have been fully gilt, and are suggestive of decorations on the descending shafts. The magnificent E. window is the second largest in England. Mr. Win- ston considered that this window and those of the clerestory were erected, between 1345-50, by Thomas, Lord Bradeston, then Governor of Glou- cester Castle. It is in all respects thoroughly Dec, though the archi- tecture possesses Perp. features. . . The general design of the figure work is "the Enthronement of the Blessed Virgin." The original arms in the window were those of war- riors connected with Gloucestershire, who served at the battle of Cressy. The full effect no doubt depends Gloucest. Boute 1. — Gloucester Cathedral. 15 GROUND-PLAN OF GLOUCESTER CATHEDRAL. REFERENCES. A South Porch. B B B Nave and Aisles. C Organ- screen. D Choir. E Presbytery. F South Transept. Gr St. Andrew's Chapel. H H H Choir-aisles. K K Apsiiial Chapels. L Lady-Chapel. M North Traf)sept. N St. Paul's Chapel. 0 0 0 0 Cloisters. P Chapter-house. Q Abbot's or Lesser Cloister. R Slype, or Passage to Cloister. IcHAPTETt 1 HOUSE 1 ^ 1 Abbot Seabroke's Chantry. 2 Brydges' Effigy. 3 Monument of Aid. Blackleach. 4 Entrance to Crypt. 5 Effigy of Abbot Foliot. 6 Sedilia. 7 Effigy of Osric. 8 Monument of Edward IL 9 Abbot Parker's Chantry. Scale of 100 ft 10 Effigy of Courthose. 11 Reliquary. 12 Stone Lectern. 13, 14 Chantries of Abbots Hanley and Farley. 15 Abbot's Door to Cloisters. 16 Monks' Door. 17 Lavatory. 18 Recess for Towels, to 1 in. Gloucest. Route 1. — Gloucester Cathedral. 17 not only on the simplicity of the composition, the largeness of its parts, and the breadth of its colour- ing, but alvso on the excellence of the material of which the window is composed. The first two tiers of lights from the ground are filled with coloured borders and ornamented white quarries ; a shield of arms in a panel is inserted in each light, and a small ornamented roundel placed at som e di stanc e beneath it. Th e three next tiers of lights throughout the window are filled with figures and canopies, and in the central part and tier likewise ; the spires of this row of canopies running into the tier of lights above. This arrangement, as might be expected, imparts a grand pyramidical character to the whole design. All the tracery lights of the window are filled with orna- mented white quarries, and enriched with small roundels of ornament inserted here and there. The glass itself is w^onderfuUy perfect, con- sidering its extreme age. It was much obscured by a black coating of dirt until 1862, when 600L was ex- pended, on cleaning and re-leading it ; and at the same time the stone- work of this window was repaired by Messrs. Hardman, at a cost of 1400^. A passage constructed at the back of this window, 75 ft. long, 3 ft. wide, and 8 ft. high, formerly served as a Wliispering Gallery. The lowest whisper or the slightest scratch of a pin was distinctly heard from one end to the other, but the effect has been lost since the works carried out during the restoration. The chapel into which it opens was part of the Norman chapel altered on the building of the Lady Chapel, into which it looks. On the walls are these lines — " Doubt not that God who sits on high Thy secret prayers can hear, Wuen a dead wall thus cunningly Conveys soft whispers to the ear." The lightness and strength of the [S^V G. G. Scott. On S. side are 3 sedilia, with pendent canopies, well finished. In its side chapels, which have groined roofs, is the monument of Bishop Goldsborough (d. 1604), a flat altar-tomb for Thomas Fitzwilliams, Esq. ((1.1579), and a monument with effigy for Mrs. Elizabeth Williams (d. 1622), daughter of Bishop femith. In St. FauVs Chapel, in the N. transept, the matchless altar-screen was restored at the expense of the Earl of Ellenborough. In the S. transept the old glass of the upper E. windows has been restored by Hardman. The large S. window of eight lights in this transept has been filled with memorial glass by the same artist, at the cost of Thomas Marling, Esq. The exquisitely painted chapel of St. Andrew, in N. transept, is an ad- ditional monument of that gentle- man's liberality, and of the artistic and decorative skill of Mr. Gamhier Parry. His fresco paintings on the walls represent incidents in the life of the saint. The glass re- presents the miracle of feeding the 5000 and the scourging of St. Andrew. A monumental Brass by Hardman, on the W. wall, re- presents a lady in a full-sleeved dress and cloak kneeling under a single trefoliated canopy. At the 26 Boute 1. — Gloucester: Cathedral; Sect. 1. back is a shield with the initials C.A.M. Also this inscription, " To the Glory of God." This chapel, dedicated to St. Andrew the Apostle, was restored by Thomas Marling, Esq., of Norton Court, in affection- ate memory of Catherine Anne, his wife, who died Nov. 17, 1863, aged 25 years. The reredos contains three large figures of our Saviour between SS. Andrew and Peter, and eight smaller ones. The Chapel of St. Philip has been restored by the family and tenantry of the late Sir Wm. Codrington, Bt., M.P. for the county 1834:-69. Stained glass of great merit, by Clayton and Bell, has been placed in the windows, at the cost of the Codrington Memorial Committee. In the iriforiumis preserved a curious painting of the Last Judgment, in distemper on a white plaster ground, discovered in 1718 in a state of de- cay; some portions have perished, and it is feared that the whole will become obliterated. ''It is one of the most important specimens of English painting T have met with, and is a coarse epitome of the famous altar-piece at Dantzig of 1467. In this picture we find no indication of the V. M., nor of St. John, Moses, the prophets or patriarchs. I con- sider it was painted in the reign of Henry VIII. or of his son." — G. Scharf. In S. aisle are 2 eflSgies deserving notice, of Sir J. Brugge, an Agincourt hero, and his lady, in the costume of 15th centy. A handsome monument to Alderman Blackleech and his wife (1639) ; the figures (portraits from Vandyck) are in alabaster, and are wonderful examples of costume. It is the work of Le Sueur, or FanelU, a sculptor equally eminent — Dal- away. There are monuments to Sir John Guise, Bt., of Highnam (d. 1794) ; John Webb, Esq., M.P. for Gloucester (d. 1795 ) ; Alderman Jones, Registrar to 8 Bishops, and M.P. 1605 ; Bp. Warburton (d. 1779) ; Bp. Goldesborough, a raised tomb with the effigy of the bishop in his robes ; Ralph Bigland, Garter King of Arms ; Sir G . O. Paul, Bt. ; Dean Tucker; a colossal statue by Sievier to Dr. Jenner (d. 1823). At the entrance to the Lady Chapel, to a native of the city. Sir John Powell (1713), Justice of the K.B. with an effigy in judicial robes. Near this part is the cumbent figure of Osric, king of Mercia, the reputed founder of the ch., with a crown on his head and a ch. in his hand. In another chapel, on S. side, is the tomb of Bp. Nicholson (d. 1671), a learned divine, and an inscription written by Bp. Bull. In the triforium on S. side of the choir is a large marble monument erected by G.Hanger, Lord Coleraine. to Bp. Benson (d. 1752). A bas-relief by Flaxman, in memory of Mrs. Morley, 1784, who perished at sea; slie is represented as rising from the water with her infant in her arms, assisted by an angel. The Tower, the latest portion of the edifice, was commenced by Abbot Sea- brook, who died 1457, and completed by a monk named Tully, a few years previous to the Reformation. *' The ornamented members and perforated pinnacles are of the most delicate ta- bernacle-work, very full, but preserv- ing an air of ch^steness and simpli- city. Its peculiar perfection is an exact symmetry of component parts and the judicious distribution of or- naments. The shaft is equally di- vided into stories, correctly repeated in every particular, and the open parapet and pinnacles so richly clustered are an example of Gothic in its most improved state." — Dalla- way. Its height is 176 ft. to the leads, and 225 to the top of the pin- naoles. The Chapter-house, now restored, is a fine Norman room, 72 by 34 ft. It is a long parallelogram of four bays, three of which are Norm. ; and the most easterly a Perp. addition. The great councils of William I. and Gloucest. Boute 1. — Cloisters; College Green, 21 the parliaments of his successors were held in a neighbouring build- ing, now destroyed. On the walls are several inscriptions in Lombardic characters discovered in 1858, and supposed to be painted in the 13th centy. The floor is covered with en- caustic tiles, copied accurately from the old work. In the Library is the most perfect known copy of a Coverdale Bible, the gift of Alderman Pury. Some leaves of an Anglo-Saxon MS., of the 10th centy., consisting of an ancient homily and memoir of St. S within and of St. Maria ^gypt- iaca, a character in early hagiology, found in 1825, by the late Rev. John Webb, are carefully preserved among the abbatical registers. A transla- tion of these ' Gloucester Fragments,' with an elaborate preface, has been published by Eev. John Earle. The * Cloisters, erected 1370-1412, perhaps the finest and the most perfect in England, are remarkable as furnishing the earliest known ex- ample of the fan-tracery style of vault- ing, a peculiarly Knglish invention. They form nearly a quadrangle, the interior length of each corridor being about 149 ft., the width 25 ft. On S. side are " The Carols,'^ — recesses in which the monks pursued their studies, copied MSS., &c. In the N. walk are the Lavatories, a long trough in which the water flowed, and also a recess for towels. Some fragments of ancient glass exist in these windows, several of the quarries exhibiting the broom- plant. Over the lavatory are ten two-light windows, with traceried heads, one window at each end and eight in front. These are filled with painted glass by Hardman, the gift of Mr. G. Bonnor, of Kensington. The subjects include the marriage at Cana, Christ walking on the sea, the miraculous draught of fishes, Christ washing the feet of His disciples, Christ and the woman of Samaria; the Pool of Bethesda ; Christ teacli- ing from the ship. Memorial win- dows filled with painted glass have been inserted on the E. side (S. to N.) by Hardman, except the 8th, with inscriptions on a brass plate below each. No. 1. to Rev. H. Burrup, (d. 1862); 2. Dean Plumptre (d. 1825); 3. Archdeacon Timbrill (d. 1865, set. 96) ; 4. Dean Rice(d. 1864); 5. Rev. Thomas Evans (d. 1854); 6. Miss Davies (d. 1865) ; 7. Benjamin Claxson, D.D. (d. 1854) ; 8. Bishop Luxmoore (d. 1830) ; 9. Archdeacon Wetherell (d. 1657); 10. Canon Bankes. North Side— 1. To the Wilton Family. S. side — James Francillon, Esq. (d. 1866). During the Commonwealth, the total destruction of the cathedral was intended, and the persons who de- signed it had agreed among them- selves for their several proportions. The destruction of the Little Clois- ters and Lady Chapel was com- menced, and instruments and tackle were provided for taking down the tower, but by the exertions of Mr. Dorney, the town-clerk, and the in- fluence of Captain Purey and others with Cromwell, it was granted to the mayor and citizens in 1657, by whom it was carefully preserved. The Lady and side chapels still bear marks of injuries inflicted by the violence of the Puritan soldiers. From the College Green and lawn, open to the public round the E. end, the best general views of this fine building can be obtained. Gloucester, previously in the dio- cese of Worcester, was created a Bishop's See, 1541, by Hen. VIII., when the cathedral was re-dedicated to the Holy Trinity. In 1836 a part of the old diocese of Bristol was united to this see. In the Palace, rebuilt 1862 in the Gothic style of 15th cent., among heirlooms of the see, are a portrait of Queen Elizabeth, of life-size, in the earlier part of her life, and in sumptu- ous costume, with a profusion of gems 22 Boute 1. — Gloucester: Deanery ; Churches ; Sect. 1. and pearls, an extravagantly long waist, and a fan of ostrich-feathers in her rt. hand ; and a portrait of Bp. Warburton. The Abbot's Hall, new roofed, is of the Dec. period, and the chapel of a somewhat earlier date. The Deanery attached to the N. side of the nave of the cathedral was the residence of the Prior of the mon- astery, and parallel with tlie nave is the old Norm, chapel of the Prior. When alterations were made at the Deanery in 1863, a stone lantern was found fastened to the wall of a dis- used staircase, 3 ft. by 18 in., and 11 in. in depth. It has five openings at the sides, all of them intended to be filled with horn, the grooves for its reception remaining. There is a hole to receive a candle, and in the cover are apertures for the escape of the smoke. St. Man/s Square, outside of the Abbey gate, was the scene of the martyrdom of Bp. Hooper. A modern Gothic Cross, which contains his statue, was erected by subscrip- tion in 1864. Students of Gothic architecture will find remains of the Grey Friars to the E., and of the Black Friars to the W. of the ch. of St. Mary de Crypt, bat cut up and divided into dwellings, and near them some portions of the city wall. Under the Fleece Irm is a crypt, an old warehouse, of 12th centy. In Lower Westgate Street is an Inn, the house in which Bp. Hooper is said to have been confined. A vaulted cellar, under the Sara- cen's Head, of Perp. work, is a relic of the " Brethren Hall of an ancient Religious Fraternity. The New Inn, Northgate Street, a timber house erected for the recep- tion of pilgrims by John Twining, a monk of the abbey, 1450-7, is still an interesting building, constructed principally of chestnut-wood, in which "bits" of antique carving still re- main, j A theological college has risen steadily in numbers, and has among its students many university men. In addition to instruction in the lecture-room, parish work is found for the students. Churches.— The ground -plan of St. Mary de Crypt is that of a Latin cross. The chancel and nave are of the same size, 45 ft. in length by 18 ft. wide, the transept being only 16 ft. square, chiefly good Perp., with Ear. Eng. and Dec. portions. This church, once known as St. Mary in the South, was erected by Chichester, Bishop of Exeter, and obtains its present appellation from having two charnel-houses under it. The principal one under the S. and middle chancel is 3d ft. in length by 10 ft. in breadth. The E. window is unique for its length, symmetry, and harmony with the rest of the edifice. It is filled with stained glass by Rogers, in memory of the Rev. W. Dowling (d. 1857). The chancel is a model of elegance, and the way in which the clerestory walls are supported is truly wonder- ful. The p isition of the side win- dows at E. end is also uncommon. On S. side are 3 sedilia of beautiful design and workmanship; on N./ side anotlier sedile, and an easternTy sepulchre; tiie carving on all beina very chaste : each of the sedilia ha$ a fresco painting at the back, th@ drawing being superior to the general work of the period. These were- concealed from view until the re- ' storation of the church, 1850. The tower, supported upon four piers, springs from the centre ; it is of great height and bold contour, peculiar in having only one large window on each face. In S. chapel is a recessed altar-tomb, probably for the benefactor who aided the alterations in the 15 th cent. — Clarke. Robert Raikes, and the eccentric banker Jemmy Wood, are buried in the church. In N. aisle is a menu- Gloucest. Boute 1. — Churches, 23 ment to D. Lysons, Esq. (d. 1681), with his effigy in a kneeling pos- ture, holding a book in the right hand and habited in the morning dress of his day; in S. chapel to Mrs. Snell, by Scheemaker, a female figure of Religion, one hand on the bosom the other on a book, is accom- panied by a weeping geniu:^, who holds an inverted torcli. Between these figures is a medallion of Mrs. Snell in profile. Another to Sir T. and Lady Bell, 1567. Rev. John Grubb, M.A. (d. 1697), was the author of * St. George for England.* " In this ch. Wliitfield, wiio had been ordained at the early age of 21, first appeared in the pulpit — curiosity had brought a large con- gregation, and having accustomed himself to public speaking at Oxford, he spake as with some degree of Gospel authority : a few mocked, but upon the greater number a strong impression was produced, and com- plaint was made to the bishop (Ben- son) that 15 persons had been driven mad by the sermon. The good bishop replied he wished the madness might not be forgotten before the next Sun- day.*' — Southey. St. Mary de Crypt School is a brick building with stone dressings, having a small oriel window, with the arms of Henry VIII. beneath, over the doorway. In one spandrel is the monogram J. C , for John Cook, its founder, and in the other a shield, with probably his arms. Scholars educated at the Grammar School are eligible for exhibitions of 50Z. a year at Pembroke College, Oxford. In 1683, G. Townshend left an estate, now yielding a rent of 820/. per ann., to Pembroke College, in trust, to support 8 scholars at that college, to be chosen from the schools of Gloucester, Chipping Campden, Northleach, and Chelten- ham, in succession. A low massive tower, chancel, and curious wooden pulpit are the only remains of the Norm. ch. of St. Mary de Lode, which was found, at the rebuilding of its nave, in 1826, to occupy the site of a Roman temple used as the first Christian ch. in Britain, and in which it is supposed the first Christian British king, Lucius, was buried. An effigy of him was erected by the monks of the 11th centy. The chancel has been carefully restored, and its E. window, an Ear. Eng. triplet, is filled with stained glass. St. Nicholas, Ear. Norm, church, has Ear. Eng. portions with Perp. insertions. It consists of a spacious nave, with an aisle on each side of it, and a vestry at the E. end of N. aisle. The s juare tower at W. end of nave has only part of its spire, terminated by a mural coronet, re- maining. At the E. end an altar- tomb with 2 figures, well executed in painted freestone, for John Walton, in his aldermanic robe, and his wife, 1626. On N.W. door is a curious handle, representing a fiend bearing the soul of a witch to the infernal regions. >S^^. Catherine's Church, erected in 1867-9, at a cost of 2300Z., to replace the old edifice, an appendage to the Priory of St. Oswald, the interesting ruins of which are preserved. It con- sists of nave, transepts, and chancel, with circular apse in the style of the Ear. French. The 5 windows of the chancel are filled with stained glass by Clayton and Bell. The subjects are our Lord as the Good Shepherd in the centre, and 2 Evangelists on either side. The bowl of the font is of Caen stone, supported on 4 columns of Irish marble, the steps being of Portland stone; on its sides are groups of sculpture representing the baptisms of St. John, of the Cen- turion, and of the Eunuch, and of Christ blessing children. It was the gift of the Hon. Mrs. Mostyn. The floor of the chancel is paved with Lugwardine tiles of elegant 24: Boute 1. — Gloucester : Public Buildings; Sect. 1. pattern. Round the walls are placed in panels in the brickwork texts of Scripture on zinc plates, painted in red and chocolate. The re-erection of this church originated with C. J. Monk, Esq. M.P., Chancellor of the Diocese, who contributed 500Z. The chancel windows were the gift of the Misses Monk. St MichaeVs Church, restored 1851, at the Cross, consists of two spacious aisles of equal dimensions, with a fine Perp. tower at the W. end. One of its heaviest bells is rung every evening at 8 in curfew fashion. It contains an ante-mortem monument in brass of a man between 2 women, with the figures of a bell and a pot on 3 legs, to the memory of Wm. Henshavv, one of the many eminent bell-founders who once flourished in this city, and Agnes and Alice, his wives. All Saints^ Church, in Lower Barton Street, is modern, by Sir G. G. Scott, B.A., and accommodates 540 persons. The chancel is a memorial to the Rev. T. A. Hedley, the first incumbent of the parish. The lower portion of the Guild- hall, called the Tolsey, erected 1749 in the Italian style, is used as the post-office and police-station. It is supposed to occupy the site of the Roman Forum. In the council-cham- ber are portraits of the Duke of Glou- cester, and Chas. Duke of Norfolk, both by Beechey ; Sir Thomas Rich, founder of Blue-coat Hospital ; Al- derman Cooke and wife, founder of Crypt School ;^ Sir T. Bell, and Sir Edward Massie, the Parliamentary general, and after the Restoration M.P. for this city (d. 1675). In the centre of the four streets which meet here stood the ancient High Cross of the city, which was taken down in 1650. In Eastgate Street is the Blue-coat Hospital for boys, founded by Sir Thomas Rich, Bt., who, during the Commonwealth, supplied Charles II. with large sums, and also supported many of the ejected clergy, yet left at his decease, 1666, the sum of 16,O00Z. for this and other charitable pur- poses. From the discoveries made in digging the foundation for this school, it is presumed that the Roman Prsetorium was on this site. In the Brunswick Road, near the old wall of the city, are The Museum and Schools of Art and Science. The building is in the Gothic style of the 13th centy., and comprises a public museum, library, lecture room, class and masters* rooms, and laboratory for science students, the latter de- tached. The upper floor is devoted entirely to the use of the School of Art students, with provision for an elementary advanced class, painting class, and master's rooms. In the basement are rooms for the curator. The geological collection in the museum comprises a series of Liassic fossils of corals from the Inferior Oolite of the Coal Formation, and of the Silurian beds of May Hill ; also a number of Roman remains found in the neighbourhood. It is open to the public, without payment, on Tuesdays and Fridays. The Literary Society Reading- rooms, are in Westgate Street ; the Commercial Reading-rooms in Com- mercial Road. There are a corn-market in South- gate Street and a meat and vegetable market in Eastgate Street. The County Gaol., erected 1784, on the principle of separation of ofl'enders, and punishment by soli- tude, occupies the site of the Saxon and Norman Castles. An elevated spot at the S.E. corner of the present building is known as " Barbican Hill," and the meadow on the oppo- site side of the river as " The Castle Mead." The Infirmary, 1755, from the designs of L. Singleton, Esq., is a well-planned building. There are mineral waters at the Spa grounds^ now converted into a public park. Gloucest. Boute 1. — Eminent Natives ; Manufactures. 25 On Barley Close, facing the Park, is the Whitfield Memorial Church. The Assize Courts and County Hall (1811), by Smirke, are of Bath and Leckhampton stone; the front, 82 ft. wide, is from a temple on the Ilyssus. The portico is supported by 4 columns of the Ionic order 32 ft. high. Among eminent natives are: — Taylor, the Water-Poet ; Sir John Powell, Just, of K. B., 1713 ; Light- foot, the botanist ; Geo. Whitfield, the preacher (b. 1714 at the Bell); K. Kaikes, son of the printer of the first local newspaper, whose son esta- blished the earliest Sunday school (b. 1735) ; Abp. Moore (d. 1804). A bell-foundry existing here temp. Edw. II. enjoyed a great reputation. In 19 Edw. III. the monks of Ely commissioned " Master John of Glou- cester to make a peal of 4 monster bells for the octagon lantern of that abbey ;" and from the Restoration until 1828 the family of Budhall enjoyed a well-merited and exten- sive reputation in this important and scientific branch of art. This city has a very lucrative trade in salmon and lampreys. This latter fish is small, mottled, and cartila- ginous, with respiratory holes at the side of the head. It is of the same family as the Silvery Lampern of the Thames. It is caught in the mud- deposits of the Severn when coming to deposit its ova, potted, and ex- ported to distant parts of the king- dom. It seems to have been consi- dered by the epicures of remote as well as of modern times a great dainty. In the reign of John they were in great request, for " the men of Glou- cester gave 40 marks to that king to have his good will, because they re- garded him not as they ought in respect of their lampreysl" In 1207 a royal decree directed that lam- preys, when first caught, should not be sold for more than 2s. each ! ! and after February at a lower price. It was the custom from a very early period until 1836 for the cor- poration of this city to send at Christmas '* a lamprey pie, with a raised crust," to the king, and en- tries respecting its regular trans- mission appear in the municipal records. The earldom of Gloucester was first created by Henry I. in favour of his natural son Henry, called the Consul, and was enjoyed by the husbands of several heiresses until the death of Hugh de Audley in 1847. The dukedom of Gloucester was first given, 1385, to Thomas of Woodstock, 6th son of Edward III. In 1414 it was revived in favour of a younger son of Henry IV. ; and in 1461 was conferred on Richard (Crookback), brother of Edward IV., on whose accession to the throne the honour merged in the crown. Charles I. gave this title to his youngest son Henry, who died in 1660 unnamed. Queen Anne's son William, who died an infant, was thus designated. In 1764 Prince William Henry, brother to the king, was created Duke of Gloucester — a title which again became extinct on the decease of his son in 1834. Gloucester contains several Manu- factures, though the pin and wool trades, for which it was once noted, are nearly extinct. The former was introduced here in 1626. Its port, the most inland in the kingdom, is connected with the Bristol Channel by the Berkeley Canal, 16J m. long, and conveying sea-going vessels to a commodious basin close to the city. It was commenced in 1794, opened in 1827 ; its trade has been annually progressing, and requires an extensive addition of dock accom- modation. In 1871, 654 ships of 183,738 tonnage entered the docks. During the same period the foreign exports were 148 ships with 32,199 ! tons, and the coaster tonnage re- turns were 58,390 inwards, and 147,180 outwards. The Railways being connected with the docks 26 Moute 1. — New Llanthony — Prinknash Parle, Sect. I. afford great facilities for traffic. Many foreign plants are found growing round these docks, the seeds of which have been brought by the vessels from various ports. The Priory of New Llanthony, of which a gateway, an interesting fragment of antiquity, the walls of the abbey barn, which is of consider- able size and of solid construction (it has two opening, each sufficiently wide to admit a loaded waggon), and some of the domestic buildings of oak or chesnut frame-work, remain, stood near the canal, which was cut through the walls of the chapel. The size and ornamental construc- tion of these ruins indicate the amount of wealth possessed by the monastery which could bestow so much expense on the erection of its inferior offices. At the Dissolution the property of this house was valued at 748?. The site and adjoining lands were granted by Henry VIll. to A. Porter, Esq. His descendant and eventual heiress, Elizabeth Porter, married the first Viscount Scudamore, and conveyed the estate to that ancient family. In 1852^ several stone effigies of 12th centy., supposed of the De Bohuns, were discovered among the ruins. The Priory of Llanthony was ori- ginally founded in a secluded part of the Vale of Ewais, but the monks being constantly attacked, and the monastery plundered by the lawless peasantry of the country, the Society were unable to procure food, and the major part compelled to seek refuge elsewhere. At length Milo, Earl of Hereford, granted them " a certain place near Gloucester, called Hyde." Here, in 1136, they erected a small edifice, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and made it a cell to their Welsh monastery, in re- membrance of which they re-named the spot Llanthony. Leaving only a few brethren of Ewais, the fra- ternity removed all their treasures, ' even to their bells, to Gloucester. In course of time they became so attached to the fertile spot in which they were located, that their Welsh monastery was nearly forgotten. Gra- dually, too, the monastery here was much enlarged, and new offices were erected. In the reign of Edward IV. the two monasteries were united, and in the same charter the monastery of Gloucester was made the prin- cipal, and a prior and four canons only were obliged to be maintained in tlie Welsh establishment. Many of the nobility were interred within its cl]., but their tombs were de- stroyed with other portions of the edifice at the Reformation. This monastery numbered amongst its priors many eminent persons, one of whom, Henry Dene, was born near Gloucester, and died in the year 1502. He was a man of great ability, and was successively Bp. of Bangor, of Salisbury, Lord Chancellor of England, and Abp. of Canterbury. He was made Prior of Llanthony in 1461. 3 m. S.E. Upton St. Leonard's Ch. has many good portions of Norm. ; the tower and some windows are Perp. In the chancel (rebuilt 1850) there is an elaborate monument for the Snell family. St. Leonard's Court ( W. R. Ancrum, Esq.). Bowden Hall (J. D. Birchall, Esq.), on an acclivity of the bill, a handsome residence, erected circ. 1800. 6 m. Prinhnash Park (B. St. John Ackers, Esq.), "on a glorious but impracticable hill in the midst of a little forest, and commanding Elysium,*' an ancient residence of the abbots of Gloucester, altered, and yet retaining some of the exterior and much of the interior arrange- ments of tiie 15th centy. The house is small, with good apartments mo- dernized, and in excellent preserva- tion. Abbot Malvern repaired this house circ. 1520 ; but the Hall, Gloucest. Boute 2. — Swindon to Cirencester, 27 erected temp. Edw. IV., has on the ceiling "a falcon and fetterlock open/' the jovial device of that monarch. The chapel is small, low, but antique, with good painted glass, and was restored in 1865. Henry YIII. and Jane Seymour were visitors here in 1536. In the dining-room are their arms in glass, and of Katherine of Ara^fon, and of Bray and Brydges. "Under the 'window is a barbarous bas-relief of Harry when young." EOUTE 2. SWINDON TO CIRENCESTER, AND BY SAPPERTON AND BISLEY, TO STROUD. The Railway is described as far as Kemble Junct. Stat, in Rte. 1. When nearing Cirencester tlie ch. of Holy Trinity becomes visible on rt. It was erected in 1854 in the populous suburb of Waterraoor, a locality in which coins, tesserae, and a variety of Roman remains have been fre- quently found. 4 m. Cirencester Stat.^ pronounced " Cisseter " (Hotel : King's Head), a market town and borough, Pop. 8431. Inhab. houses, 1634, on the Churn, returning 1 burgess to Parliament. Under the name of " Caer Cori " it was known to the Britons, as " Corin- ium castrum * and ''Cvrinium Dobun- ovum '* to the Romans, and as " Cyren- cerne*' to the Saxons. Corin, the earlier name of the Churn, and signi- fying in the British language " the top," " a name very properly applied to this river," observes Rudder, " be- cause it is the highest source of the Thames." Corinium is situated at the point where the two consular ways. Ermine Street and the Fosse Way, intersect each other, and are joined by the Ickneild Way. The line of its ancient walls may still be ascertained, but has become much obliterated owing to the excavation of the stones for building purposes, and vestiges of Roman antiquity are continually excavated in and around its circuit. Cirencester is " a respect- able country town in good condition, rather increasing in buildings, having the appearance of being inhabited by persons in easy circumstances." It was once a seat of the clothing and woolstapling and edge-tool trades, which have now deserted the locality. It has been the scene of several important transactions. Its castle, which was garrisoned for the Em- press Maud, was destroyed temp. Henry III. Edward I. and Edward II. rested frequently here on their travels about the kingdom. The conspiracy on behalf of Richard II. against Henry IV., a.d. 1400, was overthrown in this town : the rebel army, dispersing in a sudden panic, left two of their leaders, the Duke of Surrey and the Earl of Salisbury, in the power of the inhabitants, by whom they were beheaded and their heads sent to London. Shakespeare makes Bolingbroke allude to this occurrence : — Kind uncle York ! the latest news we hear Is that the rebels have consumed with fire Our town of Ciceter in Gloucestershire, But whether they be ta'en or slain we hear not."— Rich. 11. v. 6. The king, for these services, granted to the men of the town 4 does in season from his forest of Bradon, and 6 bucks in season to the women, in addition to other rewards. 28 Boute 2. — Cirencester : History ; Church ; Sect. I. In 1571 tliis town obtained a charter granting the risjht to send two burgesses to parliament, — a privilege exercised until 1868, with the exception of a few years under Cromwell ; its representatives having been mostly of the Bathurst, Master, and Cripps families. In 1642 Lord Chandos, Lord Lieutenant of the county, accompanied by many noble- men and gentlemen, when executing the King's Commission of Array, narrowly escaped a violent death : the townsmen rising in a body, de- stroyed his coach, and compelled his lordship to sign a declaration that he would abstain from further at- tempt. In the year following it was recovered by Prince Rupert, the townspeople having 300 killed and 1100 prisoners, and losing 3000 stand of arms. The prisoners secured in the ch. were next day marched to Oxford, and paid dearly for their dis- loyalty in the hardships and indig- nities of the journey. Upon their sul^mission and most abject petition, they were graciously released by the king, and their loyalty continued so stedfast that the town remained in the royal keeping during the remainder of the war. It was held by Sir Jacob Astley, and occupied as a frontier garrison by the royal troops. The king himself visited Cirencester on two occasions, when he honoured Sir William Master by sleeping in his house. The town was finally surrendered to the Par- liament by notice of the general order sent by the king to his gene- rals from the Scotch camp, whither he had fled for refuge in the early part of May, 1646, and in which he directed them to resign all the castles and towns held for him, on the best terms they could make. In 1651, Charles II. rested for a night at an Inn called " The Sun," on his escape from Worcester. In 1679, owing to an infectious distemper pre- vailing in Gloucester, the assize for the county was held here. In 1687, King James was the guest of the Earl of Newburgh, then M.P. for the borough; and in 1702 Queen Anne was a visitor to Mr. Master. The Churcli — one of the largest and finest in the county — consists of a lofty W. tower (134 ft.), con- taining a full peal of 12 bells, the lightest of the few complete ones in the kingdom, a nave, aisles, and N. chapel, and a chancel with two N. aisles and one S. aisle ; a large porch on S. side reaches to the street ; with few exceptions it is Perp., of several dates, the S. porch, a fine example of 15th centy., the latest portion. The tower and nave, with its aisles, are of very fine character, rich, but not overloaded with ornaments. The chancel and its 3 chapels are of Ear. Dec, and the piers Ear. Eng. of very curious work. The piers on N. side of chancel are later. The piers and arches of the nave are light and lofty, with good mould- ings ; the ceilings of this part are of wood, flat, with mouldings of unusual variety. The nave is open to the tower by a very fine arch. In the latter is a head of the Duke of York, father of Edward IV. The S. porch is rich, with fan- tracery groining, has three large windows to the upper part, and is crowned with pierced battlements and pin- nacles. The work of the porch and of the pierced battlements of the nave is very delicate and was con- siderably decayed or mutilated ; but the tower and all other parts are now in good preservation. In the N. aisle are the chapels of ;S'^. Mary, showing traces of an old painting of the Las I; Judgment ; and containing one marble monument with two figures of H. Brydges (d. 1598) and his wife in the attitude of prayer — the man in the costume of a lawyer, and the lady in the dress of 16th centy., with a miniature repre- sentation of their 9 children ; on S. wall an effigy of Sir W. Master (d. 1661), having a helmet and banner Gloucest. Boute 2. — Cirencester Church, 29 over it ; and of St. Catherine, distin- guished by its very beautiful stone roof of fan-tracery, added by Abbot John Hakebourne, whose initials I are repeated in the tracery, with the date 1508. Here is a fresco of the martyrdom of the saint ; the corbels are dated 1608. The win- dows are memorials for the Cripps family, whose burial-place this chapel has been, and whose monu- ments it contains ; amongst them is one in the pavement to Sir Thos. Harrison, Knt., Chamberlain of London (d. 1765), and son of a Joseph H., perpetual curate of Cir- encester for 63 years, who is also buried near, and a mural monument to Joseph Cripps, Esq. (d. 1782), their descendant. Trinity Chapel, a Perp. building on the N. side of chancel, has been during many years the burial-place of the noble family of Bathurst. The monuments of Allen Earl B. (d. 1775), and of his son, the Lord Chancellor, d. 1794, with busts of both, are now in this chapel, which contains a reredos of excellent workmanship restored at the cost of Lady Georgina Bathurst, in memory of relatives whose names are recorded on a brass beneath. A short column, revealed during the progress of restoration, is a well- finished specimen of Roman work. In St. John^s Chapel is a perfect monument of coloured marbles with the effigies of George Monox, his wife, and 2 daugl iters, well executed, temp. Charles 1. In St. Mary's Chapel, removed from St. John's Chapel, is an excellent specimen of wood -carving, called " Jesus Chapel,^* of Irish oak, with armorial bearings of various donors. The E. window contained stained glass collected from windovvs here and at Sidding- ton, the figures are those of St. William of York, St. John of Beverley, and St. Osmond of Salisbury; but the part taken from Siddington has been restored to that ch., and its place supplied by a reredos of rare beauty from the design of Sir G. G. Scott, R.A. This artistic work, costing 250 guineas, is composed of 3 panels, — the subjects being the Crucifixion, the Resurrection, and the Ascension of our Lord. Caen stone is the material employed, and the work was executed by Mons. Geflowshi. The figures are identified by the inscriptions. At the W. end also the window is filled with glass collected from other parts of the ch. The female figure in the centre is St. Catherine, and there are St. Dorothy and St. Margaret. The male figures represent St. Gregory, St. Ambrose, and St. James in full cardinal costume, and three of the four Latin Doctors. There is also a memorial window to the Croome family ; and one erected by the in- habitants in recollection of a former incumbent — Rev. Canon Powell. The corbels of the roof and part of the E. wall are carved with embla- zoned shields. The church contains more than twenty Brasses, mostly injured, yet interesting, and valu- able from their antiquity and high artistic character, the earliest of which is a mutilated and undated , plate lying near the north wall of the S. Mary's or the Lady Chapel. ) Its date is about 1360. Some of : these brasses have been removed from ' their original places for the purpose of preservation, and are laid where once was the altar of Trinity Chapel. — Wm. Prelatte, Esq., 1462, a special benefactor to the chapel, and his two wives ; R. Dixton, Esq., 1438 : Robt. Page, wool-merchant, 1434, his wife, 6 son, and 8 daughters ; Reg. Spycer, merchant, 1442, and his 4 wives: Ralph Parsons in priestly vestments (1478), with chalice and hood ; a civilian and wife in mantle. There is also in St. Mary's Chapel a brass plate for Wm. Nottingham, 1427, and his wife Christiana, 1433, parents of the Lord Chief Baron, N. This is the earliest in the church. A curious pulpit-cloth of blue-velvet 30 Route 2. — Cirencester : Corinium Museum ; Sect. I. embroidered, the gift of Kalph Par- sons, 1478, and made of his cope, is in good preservation. The ch. was closed 1865-67 during its restoration under Sir G. G. Scott, B.A., at an outlay of 13,000L Above the S. porch of the ch. is The Parvise, a room now known as the Town Ilall, the original use of which has been the subject of much speculation. This room was built by Alice Avening, aunt of Bishop Kuthal, very early in the 16th cen- tury ; and in the time of Bishop Nicholson (1671), the inhabitants promising to put it in a state of repair, it was allowed to be used for general parochial purposes. As to its original design, it is conjectured that as the ch. contained seven chantries, and consequently several officiating priests and various ser- vices, this was a kind of retiring room for them. In the Bishop's grant it was described as a noble frontispiece to the ch., and involving the least possible sacrifice of light and space, and forming no obstruc- tion to the general fabric of the ch. The mitred Abbey of St. Mary in this town was founded by King Henry I. in a.d. 1117, and its exten- sive buildings were completed in A.D. 1131. It was richly endowed, and at the period of its suppres- sion the revenues of the monastery were valued at nearly llOOZ. per annum. One of its abbots, Alex- ander Necham (buried in Worcester Cathedral a.d. 1227), was a distin- guished scholar ; many of his poet- ical effusions in Latin still survive. Abbot Bampton was summoned to parliament in 43 Henry III., but his successors did not possess a seat in that assembly until Abbot Best obtained the honour with the use of the mitre in a.d. 1416. The abbots had a deer park at St. Quinton near Draycot in Wilts, which was dis parked at the Reformation. The site of the abbey with its buildings were demised by Henry VIII. to Roger Bassinge, with a stipulation that " all the edifices within the site and precincts of the monastery should be pulled down and carried away." This order was so strictly carried out, that the precise spot where the foundations rested are forgotten ; and the only remains of this once famous monastery are a Norman arched gateway opening from the grounds into Grove Lane, and some Corinthian capitals of pillars. In the reign of Edward VI. the site was demised to Thomas, Lord Seymour, and on his attainder to Sir Anthony Kingston. In a.d. 1564 Queen Elizabeth granted the reversion of the lease, in consider- ation of 590L, to Richard Master, Esq., whose descendant (T. W. Chester Master, Esq.) is its present owner. The present mansion, which has l ecently undergone considerable alterations, was erected circ. 1780, on the site of an old fabric built by Dr. Master, physician to Queen Elizabeth, in which Charles I. was received by his devoted subject Sir William Master, in 1643-4. The Corinium Museum, opposite the rly. stat., was built by the liber- ality of the 4th Earl Bathurst for the reception of the magnificent tessel- lated pavements discovered in 1849. Many of the objects preserved here have been found in Cirencester or in its immediate vicinity, but a number of antiquities and curiosities, which had come at different periods into possession of his family, were added by the late Earl Bathurst. The collection (which deserves a detailed catalogue) consists of armlets and brooches, curious articles in bronze, compasses and steelyards of exquisite form and workmanship, showing the antiquity of such articles. In iron there are knives, spear-heads, and keys, with hone-stones upon which cutting instruments were sharpened ; and probably the first oyster-knife that ever found its way into the Cots wold district, of undoubted Gloucest. Boute 2. — Cirencester Museum, 31 Eoman workmanship. In ivory and bone are salt-spoons, knife-handles, bodkins, and pins, many of them fresh enough to contain their gela- tine. Glass- working of the period is exemplified in some unique beads, portions of vases and bottles. Of pottery, a large collection, some ela- borately and elegantly ornamented. These, with sculptural tombstones and portions of architecture, teach us more of the history of Eoman occupation in Britain than all the histories that have ever been written. Students of English history can visit this museum with advantage, as fresh acquisitions of Roman art are being constantly added. The visitor will find the articles arranged in cases distinguished by letters A. to H. Case A contains the iron series. B. Illustrative series. C. Bronze series, red lustrous ware bowls. D. Coins, dating chiefly from the reign of Constantine to the evacua- tion by the Romans in the time of Honorius ; potters' marks. E. Sepulchral urns and other large vessels. F. Inscribed tiles, wall-paintings, coffins. Red lustrous, castor, and other pottery. H. Glass series, bone series, jet and lignite series. Tiles, pavements, coffins, altars, ^and architectural objects are ar- ranged round the walls, and in the hollows of the central part of the floor. Two tessellated pavements occupy a large portion of the floor. Two fragments of flue-tiles, bearing the sacred monogram of J. H. S., are some of the earliest and most interesting remains of Roman Christianity yet found in Britain, a very beautiful specimen of incised Samian ware. Roof tiles, with the name of ARVERI, have the emblem of a shovel before and after the name on the stamp. There is a fragment of the cornice of a temple of excellent design, and part of a leaden coffin more than usually orna- mented. At a short distance from the Museum is a residence known as the Querns (C. A. R. Hoare, Esq.), the grounds of which are remarkable for vallations of earth which have been found replete with skeletons, urns, lachrymatories, and portions of Roman architecture. Its original purpose has embarrassed antiquaries, by whom it has been considered a cemetery, a Campus Martius, and quarries. An Amphitheatre, known as the Bull Ring, is well preserved, although no vestiges remain of seats from which spectators viewed the sport afibrded by beasts or gladiators. The green mounds are 20 ft. high and regularly sloped, and enclose a space of a broadly oval form, slightly ellip- tical, 148 ft. E. to W., and 134 ft. N. to S. ; the entrances, vomitorix, which are on a level with the floor of the interior, are 28 it. wide and 24 J ft. below the summit of the mounds. The arena, including the two open ends, measures 328 ft. There are similar rings at Silchester, Dorches- ter, Old Sarum, Richborough, Caer- leon, and other places. The 3 Free Schools in Cirencester, — a Grammar School, a Blue School, and a Yellow School, the last two so named from the colours of the cloth- ing which used to be supplied to the children — have lately been reformed by the Charity Commissioners, and now supply an elementary school for boys and girls, together with an upper school for boys rising from the elementary school and others. The former Yellow School building is utilised as the new elementary school- house, and a new building has been erected for the upper school. This is a case in which the Charity Commissioners have judiciously de- termined to supply the children of the working classes of Cirencester with the means of obtaining further 32 Boute 2. — Cirencester : OaTdey Park. Sect. I. technical education on passing from the elementary school, in lieu of the obsolete grants of clothing; these advantages other pupils are allowed to shai-e, on certain very moderate payments. The Grammar School was founded by Thomas Kuthall, Bishop of Durham, a native of this town. Dr. Jenner, to whom society is indebted for the discovery of vaccination, and Dr. Parry, an eminent physician of Bath, were educated in this esta- blishment. The celebrated Arctic voyager was a son of the latter. Richard of Cirencester, a native of this town, in the 14th century, was a monk of the Benedictine order who in 1350 entered the monastery of Westminster. He is the accepted author of two ecclesiastical writings which are preserved in the library at Peterborough Cathedral. The history of " the ancient State of Britain," 449-1066, is ascertained to be the spurious production of a Mr. Bertram, teacher of " Marines " at Copenhagen. The monk Eichard died in the abbey of Westminster 1401-2. Cirencester, conveniently situated for the meets of no less than three packs of hounds of high reputation, is a popular resort for lovers of the chase during the hunting season. The nearest meets of the Beaufort Hunt are the Trouble Souse Inn^ 8 m., and Tarlton Downs, 6 m. ; of the Cotswold Hounds at Rendcombe, 5 m., and Bagendon 3 m. ; whilst those of the Vale of White Horse extend from the kennels to a distance of 12 m. from Cirencester in an easterly and 15 m. in a southerly direction. Cirencester is the head- quarters of the 4th Batt. of the Gloucestershire Territorial Eegt., formerly called the Koyal North Gloucester Militia. On the W. side of the town stands Oakley Park (The Earl Bathurst). The mansion was erected by the Earl of Danby, who gave the Physic Garden to the University of Oxford. He died in 1643, having sold this estate to Sir Henry Poole. It was conveyed by his daughter to her husband James, Earl of Newburgh, who was M.P. for Cirencester in 1661. Their son bequeathed it to his countess, of whom it was purcliased in 1695 by Sir Benjamin Bathurst, youngest son of George B., Esq., of Howthorpe Manor, in Northampton- shire, six of whose sons were killed during the Eebellion, in the service of the king. Sir Benjamin sat in parliament for Berealston and Eom- ney, was Treasurer of the Household of the Princess Anne, and on Her Majesty's accession to the Throne, constituted Cotferer of the House- hold. He married Frances, daughter of Sir Allen Apsley, Treasurer of the Household of the Duke of York, a companion from childhood of the Princesses, and towards whom Queen Anne always evinced an especial re- gard. Sir Benjamin B. died in 1704, when he was succeeded by his eldest son, Allen B., who in 1705 was chosen M.P. for Cirencester, and in 1706 became owner of Bat- tlesden Manor, Beds, where he for some time resided, and from which place he took his title when raised to the peerage in 1711. Having enlarged his demesne at Cirencester by purchases from the heirs of Sir Eobert Atkyns, he disposed of Bat- tlesden, and devoted his leisure to the improvement of Oakley Park. This labour of love must have com- menced soon after his accession to his estate, as Pope, when a visitor in 1716, thus writes : — " I am with Lord Bathurst at my bower, in whose groves we had yesterday a dry walk of three hours. It is the place that of all others I fancy ; and I am not yet out of humour with it, though I have had it some months ; it does not cease to be agreeable to me so late in the season. The very dying of the leaves adds a variety of colours that is not unpleasant. I Gloucest. Boute 2. — Oakley Parh 33 look upon it as upon a beauty I once loved, whom I should preserve a respect for in her decay, and as we should look upon a friend with re- membrance — how he pleased us once, though now declined from his gay and flourishing condition. I write an hour or two every morning, then ride out a hunting upon the downs. Eat heartily, talk tender sentiments with Lord B., or draw plans for houses and gardens, open avenues, cut glades, plant firs, contrive water- works — all very fine and beautiful in our own imagiDation. At night we play at Commerce, and play pretty high. I like this course of life so well, that I am resolved to stay here till I hear of somebody's being in town that is worth coming after." Pope, writing in 1721, of a lady visiting these woods, adds, " How much I wish to be her guide through that enchanted forest ! I look upon myself as the magician appropriated to the place, without whom no mortal can penetrate into the recesses of those sacred shades. I could pass whole days in only describing the future and as yet visionary beauties of the noble scenes, openings, and avenues of this immense design." How truly did the poet express his feelings when he penned — " Who plants like Bathurst, and who builds lilie Boyle ? " Devotedly attached to tlie exiled family. Lord Bathurst opposed the measures of Sir Eobert Walpole : and from the death of Queen Anne to the downfall of that minister, he did not appear at the Court of St. James's. During this interval his time was passed principally here, " where he planted, transplanted, and unplanted, thus erecting an employ- ment for himself independent of a court." L'nder his roof were con- stantly assembled not only busy politicians of the Jacobite party, but the most eminent wits and writers of the age. The genial disposition [G., W. & H.} of their host has been immortalised by one famous guest — "Oh! teach us, Bathurst, yet unspoil'd by wealth, The secret rare between th' extremes to move Of mad good-nature and of mean self-love." The interest taken by Dean Swift in the improvements of this park is evident from a letter of one of his correspondents in 1733 : — " We made a visit to Lord and Lady Bathurst at Cirencester. Oakley Wood joins to his park : the grand avenue that goes from his house through his park and wood is 5 miles long; the whole contains 5000 acres. The wood is extremely improved since you saw it; and when the whole design is executed, it will be one of the finest places in England. My Lord talked with great delight of the pleasure you once gave by surprising him in his wood, and showed me the place where you lodged. The house has been rebuilt — for the day you left, it fell to the ground ; conscious of the honour it had received by entertain- ing so illustrious a guest, it burst with pride. My Lord B. has greatly improved the Wood House, which you may remember but a cottage not a bit better than an Irish cabin. It is now a venerable castle, and has been taken by an antiquary for one of King Arthur's, 'with thicket over- grown, grotesque, and wild.' " Lord B., in 1742, became a mem- ber of the Privy Council and Captain of the Band of Pensioners; in 1757 Treasurer of the household of Prince George; and in 1772 was advanced to the dignity of an earl. He was succeeded by his son Henry, who had been created Lord Apsley in 1771, when lie was appointed Lord Chancellor. Henry, 3rd Earl, K.G., was Secretary of State for the Colo- nies during 16 years, and for a short period Secretary for Foreign Aftairs. Henry, 4th Earl, was M.P. for Ciren- cester from 1812 until his accession to the peerage in 1834. He gave D 34 Route 2. — Cirencester : Oahley Parle, Sect. I. a site for the Agricultural College and the Museum, and was the pro- moter of every undertaking for the improvement of the town and its vicinity. The late earl was, during many years, Clerk of the Council and a Secretary to the Board of Trade. Oahleii Park is a plain mansion enlarged by the first Lord Bathur^t, and much improved by the present, the 6th Earl. In the entrance hall are 4 pillars of African marble, sur- mounted by the busts of the 3rd Earl, Loi*ds Liverpool, Castlereagh, and Wm. Pitt. Among he many interest- ing portmits are: — The Duke of Wellington at Waterloo, on his famous chestnut charger " Copen- hagen painted for the 3rd Earl ; and the 3rd Earl, by Lawrence ; Wm. Pitt and Duke of Richmond, by Romney. There are whole-lengths by Lely: — Oi Sir Thos. ClitFord, Lords Arlington, Buckingham, Ash- ley, and Lauderdale, the members of the Cahal ministry ; Henry J ermyn, Earl of St. Albans, the second hus- band of Queen Henrietta Maria ; Col. William Ashbumham; Mr. Henry Brounker (d. 1685) — whose character is given by De Grammont ; Baptist May, keeper of the privy purse to Charles II. Also half- lengths by Lely : — Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Richmond, as St. Barbara, bearing the sword of Martyrdom ; the Duchess of Portsmouth ; Nell Gwynne and Charles 11. ; John Wil- mot, Earl of Rochester, in a red coat, H. Gaspard. Duche&s of Leinster, Sir J Reynolds ; Georgiana, Countess Bathurst, and child, by Hopner ; Lady Georgina B. by Beecliey ; 1st Earl and Countess ; Lord Chancellor Apsley. In the Library are ]X)rtraits of Pope, Atterbury. Bolingbroke, Prior, singly, by Kneller, the guests of Allen, Lord Bathurst Within tiie Oahley Woods is the Wood-House or Alfred's Hall, an artificial ruin erected by Allen, Earl Bathurst, and much frequented by picnic visitors, many of whom have been deceived by its archaeological pretensions. Near this building is the ancient High Cross, which was erected pre- vious to A.D. 1400, and stood before the Ram Inn, on a pedestal with 4 steps on each side, " The only parts of the original structure that have survived the ravages of time are — the pedestal, s-hafts, anil fragments of the capital. The pedestal is hewn out of a single block of stone, 3 ft. square by 2 ft. 6 in. in height, and presents on each of its sides a facade, ornamented with four deeply -chi- selled Gothic arcades, surmounted by panelled quatrefoils, which are overhung by a deep moulded drop coping. From the centre of the pedestal springs a remarkably fine octagonal shaft of solid stone, 6 ft. 4 in. in height and 1 ft. in diameter, having rounded flutings at the angles and the remains of 4 broaches at the socket." — Pooley. A magnificent cluster of leafy avenues which, meeting at a common point, radiate thence with geometrical precision, and are known as " the Ten Rides," were planted, it is said, in rivalry of those at Chantilly. At the termi- nation of each of these vistas either a column or a parochial edifice can be discerneil, the spire of Kemble and the towers of Cirencester and Coates being the most conspicuous. Two romantic glens, known as " Haines* Ash Bottom " and " Coates' Lawn Bottom," give variety to the drives in the park. On the road to Park Corner are some large Scotch firs planted in form of a cross, 120 yds. each way, called " the Cathedral Firs," the rows being disposed so as to resemble the pillars in the nave and transepts of a large roofless ecclesiastical building. Crossing the highway beyond these firs, routes through Overley wood exhibit magni- ficent specimens of beech, and enable the visitor to reach the charming terraced drive of Pinhury Park, without using the common highway. Gloucest. Boute 2. — Boyal Agricultural College, 35 ' A building known as Papers Seat, the poet's favourite resort, is on the rt. of the principal avenue^ about 1 m. distant from the town. A lofty column, nearly 50 ft. in height, surmounted by a colossal statue of Queen Anne, erected 1741, stands in the centre of the Deer- Park of 300 acres, which contains some 500 fallow deer, and in the S.E. corner of the park the kennels erected by the 4th Earl for the V. W. H. hunt are situated. Near the entrance, at the Barton, there is a fine Roman pavement, representing Orpheus charming the birds and beasts by the harmony of his lyre, on the spot where it was discovered. It was discovered in 1826, and can be seen at any reasonable time by application to K. A. Andel'son, Esq., Barton Farm. 1 m., in an angle between the roads to Minchinhampton and Stroud on the rt. and Tetbury on the 1, is the Royal Agricultural College^ in- corporated by charter, 1845, for the purpose of teaching scientific agi-i- culture, the various sciences con- nected therewith and their practical application. It also offers its students a general education, combined with the above special training. A large number of students have availed themselves of the advantages tlius lield out to them, including not only the sons of farmers, but also of pro- fessional gentlemen and landed pro- prietors, ofiicers in the army, Indian civilians, natives of India and other countries, some of whom are now distinguished agriculturists at home and abroad, whilst others hold im- portant public posts, or are occupied as land agents, stewards, and factors. It is a very handsome Gothic struc-' ture. The principal front is 190 ft. long, having a south aspect in the direction of North Wilts. The buildings include a dining -hall, library, museum, lecture-theatre, laboratories, class - rooms, private studies, a chapel, and sleeping apart- . ments for 80 students. Tlie museum contains a most valuable collection of specimens in geology, minerals, and natural history, and an exten- sive herbarium arranged by Dr. Woodward of the British Museum, a former professor at the college. The course of education extends over six sessions, of which there are three annually. It embraces agri- culture in all its branches, chemis- try, book-keeping, physics, botany, geology, veterina-y pathology and therapeutics, surveying, estate man- agement, and lectures on every other branch of science that bears upon the principles and practice of agri- culture, English or Colonial. Each student keep a Labour Journal and a Cultivation Book of all the opera- tions on the farm of 450 acres, which is occupied and worked by a former student of high reputation as an agriculturist. [Having seen Cirencester, the tra- veller would find a pleasant drive through the villages lying to the southward of the town. This excur- sion would take him to Siddington, South Cemey, and Down Ampney by the following route. IJ m. S.E., a little to the right of the Ermine Street Roman Way, lead- ing to Cricklade, Siddington St. Peter. The Church, on the river Churn, has many por- tions of Norm, and E, E. archi- tecture, the cupitals of the pillars being ornamented with various gro- tesque heads. The S. door and the arch into the chancel are veiy fine Norm. There are aome Dec. windows and some Perp. Langley Chapel, on the N. side, is a handsome building erected in 1470, and contains various memorials for that family, who, dur- ing many generations, were lords of the manor. 4| m. S,E. from Cirencester, South Cerney Church, an ancient and curious building combining Norm., Transition, E. E., and Dec. styles. The chancel arch is pointed, D 2 36 Boute 2. — Doivn Ampney House — Sapjperton. Sect. I. with the tooth-ornaments rising from slender columns, with rich capitals of foliage. In the chancel is a piscina, with a curiously - carved canopy. There are also grotesque carvings of human and animal heads, singu- larly disproportioned. The nave was enlarged and reconstructed in 1861-2. Edumrds College, a very imposing building for the residence of 12 in- mates, was erected in 1839 by the trustees of a benevolent lady of that name who resided in this parish, and in her lifetime erected the National School and its appendages. The modernised village cross in- cluded gome steps of the former structure; a solid-looking shaft is surmounted by a ball and iron cross. 6 m. Doivn Ampne7j House (Major H. Stratton Bates), on the borders of the two counties, erected on the bank of the small river Ampney by Sir A. Hungerford, temp. Hen. VIII., and modernised. The great hall, now a kitchen, bears date 1537. The gateway, flanked by embattled towers, has crocketed gables and domed turrets. The E. Eng. Church, erected by the Knights Templars, has been restored, and its chancel rebuilt in 1863 by the liberality of the Earl of St. Germans. In the S. transept, under a niche of quatrefoils,is a figure m freestone of a female supplicating ; nt ar it, on a table of black marble, in retieulated armour, is the eflQgy of Sir N. de Villiers, who obtained the manor in a.d. 1250, and also one of his wife. There are also alabaster figures of two men in armour kneel- ing under an arcade, intended to represent Sir John Hungerford, 1654, and Sir Anthony Hungerford, 1645. The only child of the latter, a con- siderable heiress, married in 1658 Edmund Dunch, M.P., who was created a peer by Cromwell. Mr. Secretary Craggs purchased this es- tate, and left it to his co-heiresses, the younger of whom was the wife of liichard ''Ehot, Esq., M.P., and their son, created Lord Eliot in 1784, became by inheritance owner of the property, which is now en- joyed by his descendant, the third Earl of St. Germans. The traveller may return to Cirencester by the straight Koman road.] If the tourist decide to drive from Cirencester to Stroud, instead of pro- ceeding by train all the way as in the preceding route, he may drive through Earl Bathurst's park to 4 J ni. Sapperton, which stands in a picturesque position on an eminence above the'Daneway Yalley. Sir Kobert Atkyns, Chief Baron of the Exchequer and Speaker of the House of Lords, purchased the estate from the Poole family at the Resto- ration. " 1644, July 14. The King marched to-day to Saperton, a large manor-house of freestone of Sir H. Pooles, a brave sweet seat and a gallant parke." — Symonds' Diary. The mansion was pulled down in 1730 by Lord Bathurst, who added the property to his estate, and extended his improvements and plantations to their present limits, creating a succession of picturesque additions to the Oakley Woods. Hence the remonstrance of the poet — "All vast possessions (just the same the case Whether you call them villa, park, or chase), Alas, my Bathur?t ! what will thpy avail ? Join Cotswold bills to Sapperton's fair dale ; Link towns to towns with avenues of oak, Enclose whole downs with walls ; 'tis all a joke ! Inexorable death shall level all. And trees, and stones, and farms, and farmer, fall." Sapperton Church, which is cruci- form, with a spire in the centre, contains several alabaster tombs in excellent preservation. Sir R. At- kyns, Jun., who was M.P. for Ciren- cester, 1679, and for the county in 1685 (d. 1711, s. p.), is represented by a figure (in the costume of Q. Anne) of white marble in a recum- bent position leaning on his elbow. Gloucest. Boute 2. — Sapperton Church — Pinhury. 37 The Chief Baron was buried in West- minster Abbey, 1709. There are also effigies of Sir iBLenry and Lady Poole, in a kneeling posture, in the full dress of James I. Under a niche in the N. aible is another effigy of the Poole family in armour, witii the date 1574. The ch.-yard is much frequented in the autumn for a view down the Golden Valley/' Under a fine old yew-tree is a cross of 16th-centy. work, having an octa- gonal tapering shaft 5 ft. 5 in. in height. In the quarries of Sapperton the forest marble occurs containing terehratula maxillata in abundance, to the exclusion of the other fossils common to the formation. From the ch.-yard too is seen the Thames and Severn Canal, rising by a long series of locks to its summit level, on which it pierces the hills by the Sapperton Tunnel. The junction of the Thames and Severn was an object of fav(mrite speculation with the London and Bristol merchants during many generations. It was encouraged by the first Lord Bathurst, but the project was treated by the public as a mere Utopian suggestion. Fope writes, " the meeting of the Thames and the Severn (when the noble owner has finer dreams than ordi- nary) are to be led into each other's embraces through several caverns of above 12 or 15 miles, till they rise and celebrate their marriage in the midst of an immense amphitheatre, which is to be the admiration of posterity 100 years hence. Till the destined time shall arrive that is to manifest these wonders, you must content yourself with seeing — the finest wood in England.* — Letters. A bill for this purpose was submit- ted to parliament temp. Charles II., though no works were commenced until 1782, when Mr. Whitworth, C.E., was employed to make plans and estimates by some enterprising London citizens, who raised the required amount of 190,000/., and the first vessel passed between the two rivers in 1789 amid the accla- mations of many thousand spec- tators. The canal is carried from the Valley of Stroud to the high ground at Thames Head by a tunnel 4180 feet in length, cut through the solid rock under Hay ley Wood, and excavated with such precision that the opposite outlet can be discerned from either end. It was the first tun- nel of the extent attempted in Eng- land, and was the work of 7 years. The waterway is raised between Stroud and Sapperton, by means of locks, 241 feet m the space of 3 miles, the average width of the canal being 42 feet at top and 30 feet at the bot- tom. Vessels of 70 tons are conveyed upon it. Previous to the construction of railways tlie communication by means of this canal was of great national utility. " When their Ma- jesties were at Cheltenham in July, 1788, they expressed a desire to view this tunnel, then unfinished, in the praise of which fame had been so lavish. They visited Saperton on the 19th July, when his Majesty be- stowed the highest praise on a work of such magnitude, and still greater satisfaction when he heard that the works were C(mducted by private gentlemen." — Foshroke. A hilly road to CJialford and Miserden, throiigii picturesque scenery, crosses the Daneway, on which steam saw- mills are usefully occupied in the conversion of timber for various pur- poses. The manor and park of Pinhury were part of the possessions of the Nunnery of Lyon. On the suppres- sion of religious houses this property was given to Lord Windsor, in forced exchange for Stanwell, Middlesex, It was purchased by Sir Henry Poole, and added to his estate of Sapperton in a.d. 1600. Sir Robert Atkyns was its next owner, and his only son, the historian of this county, erected a house on the es- tate lor his residence in the lifetime 38 Boute 2. — Bisley — Lilly Gate, Sect. I. of . his father. By th^ h^ir of this family Pinbury was sold to Lord Bathnrst. Tiiis picturesque estate consists of deep glens, through which the little Biver Froome winds its way amid scenery pleasingly diver- siiied by beech-woods, and by the generosity of its noble owner aifords to his neighbours an attractive ad- dition to the rides, which are al- ways open for tlieir enjoyment, with- in the boundaries of his extensive park. The Nun*s Walk, in the garden of the farm-house, is between an avenue of ancient and splendid yew- trees. At Larh^s 'hill-hush a quantity of silver and brass Koman coins (de- scribed by Budder) were discovered ill 1759 by a waggon accidentally passing over the spot and breaking the urns that contained them. From Sapperton, descending a steep incline to Daneway Bridge, and then ascending the opposite slopes of the well-wooded hills, he w^ill reach, by S(jmewhat steep roads, 9 m. Bisley, an ancient though de- cayed town on a very elevated position. This parish is famous for itswTather- stone, which is much used for the plinths and exposed parts of the Gloucestershire churches, and known as "Bisley Bag." At Througham are quarries of stone-tile, much used in this county, which is dug in autumn and by the action of the frost is split into thin layers. The Church, with the exception of the tow^er and chancel, was rebuilt in 1861, and tlie restoration of the wliole effected with great taste. Me- morial windows, filled with good stained glass, have been inserted by the Dorington family. In the outer wall of chancel, on a canopied tomb, is the efiigy of a Crusader. An hexagonal cross in the church- yard is described by Lysons to be of i^th-centy. work. "It is composed of a circular basement, on which is erected an upright hollow hexagon, formed by six three-centred arches, supported on rounded columns with beaded capitals and square plinths. On this tier rises a hexagonal pyra- mid, built on a corresponding num- ber of smaller arches with very deep mouldings. A thick fillet runs halfway up the pyramid at each angle, and is terminated by an ab- rupt level." — Pooley. Two domestic altars to Mars and Castor, found in thn W. wall of S. .aisle, are in the British Museum. Oakridge Church, on Bisley Com- mon, was built, after the architecture of 18th centy., by subscription in 1837. Two churches have been erect- ed, at Bussage and France Lynch, of considerable architectural merit, and amidst very interesting scenery. Bisley literally teems with relics of Bom an and British mythology. In a field near Lilly Gate in Bisley were discovered the vestiges of a Bom an structure of a considerable extent. These remains are preserved by Mr. W. Baker at Watercombe Hou&e. Hexagonal tiles fastened by iron nails, oyster-shells in abundance, fragments of red and coloured glazed pottery, portions of glass, brass im- plements — such as tweezers, knives, one with a blade 5 feet long and 2 feet broad, gradually tapering to the point — were discovered. At a few inches below the surface a pot was disturbed containing 1200 coins in a state of cohesion, yet forming a com- plete series of the 2nd and 3rd br^ss in the best preservation from the reign of Valerian to Diocletian, compre- hending the Usurpers in Britain and elsewhere who are not usually includ- ed in the imperial list. — ' Archseol.,' vol. ii. At Custom Scrubs, in this parish, a votive bas-relief was discovered, bear- ing the inscription Marti Alludio, with other Boman relics, drawings of which are given by Lysons. From Bisley a descending course I takes us by four miles of easy road to 1 Stroud, passing by Lypiatt Park„ Gloucest. Boute 2a..— Gloucester to Cheltenliam, 39 shortly after leaving Bisley and be- fore commencing the descent. Lypiatt Park (J. E. Dorington, Esq.) ; a monastic Louse of the i6th centy., in excellent preservation, and on the slope of a hill over- looking the valley of Stancombe. The Whitingtons held this estate under the Plantagenets, and it passed in marriage with their heiress to the Wyes. In 1584, Thomas Wye bequeathed it, for her life, to his widow, who remarried John Throck- morton. He purchased the rever- sion, and sold Lypiatt in 1610, to Thomas Stephens, A.G. to Prince Henry. The Gunpowder Plot was, according to Sir R. Atkyns, con- cocted here, and a room is still shown as the chamber in which the conspirators met. This traditional anecdote is rendered somewhat doubt- ful by the fact that no proceedings were taken by the Government against Throckmorton. In the Civil Wars, Lypiatt was garrisoned for the Parliament, and taken in 1642 by the Royalists commanded by Sir Jacob Astley, after a feeble resistance and a loss to the garrison of a lieutc^nant and 50 men. Lypiatt continued in ix)ssession of the Ste- phens family until 1778, between which date and 1847 it belonged to several proprietors. In the latter year it was purchased by the fatiier of its present owner. The house, which has been enlarged, is entered by an embattled porch, and is di- vided in its centre by a hall, whose ceiling is embellished by a fresco representation of the story of Mutius and Porsenna. The cliapel, now a museum, con- tains Roman remains discovered in the vicinity. Lower Lypiatt Manor belonged formerly to the Freames, by whose heiress it passed in marriage to Charles Coxe, Esq,, M.P. for Ciren- cester, and a Judge of South Wales, by whom the mansion (now a farm- house) was rebuilt in 1717, on the edge of a steep valley. It was the residence also of his descendants until they removed to Kemble. 12 m. Stroud. (See Route 1.) ROUTE 2a. GLOUCESTER TO CHELTENHAM. 10 m. 15 to 20 trains daily in 20 minutes. The railway communication be- tween Gloucester and Cheltenham is worked by the G. W. and Midland companies. Churclidown Stat., the name of a hill, pronounced " Chosen," an out- lier of the Cotswolds, an escarpment of the Oolites 300 ft. high. On its tabular summit are quarries, the rock being covered with a bed of loam containing concreti »ns of hard calcareous grit, called Men's heads '* by the workmen. See Route 15. 4J m. Down Hatherley. a parish from which Lord Chancellor Hather- ley took his title of peerage, and in which he erected and endowed schf)ols and also, with other memb ^rs of his family, rebuilt the Church, with the exception of the tower. It is a substantial and handsome edifice, in the Dec. style, and con- sists of a tower, nave, north aisle, and north porch, a chancel, with vestry and oigan chamber attached. The columns which separate the aisle from the nave are strikingly ele- gant, and the carvings of their capi- tals, together with the stone carving throughout the church — t le work of Purdey, of London — is exquisitely beautiful, and receives an agreeable relief from the salmon-coloured tint whic-h has been given to the walls. I The chancel is particularly hand- ! some. The carved foliage about its 40 Boute 2a. — Hatherley — Cheltenham, Sect. 1. windows and of the roof, corbels' and sedilia, as also the architectiinil beauty of the entire cburcli, cannot fail to elicit universal admiration. The chancel windows are all tilled with stained glass. The subject of the east window is the Crucifixion in the centre, right of which is the Saviour on the Cross, with Mary Magdalene at His feet ; in the north light, the Virgin and the other Marys ; and in tlie south light, St. John, the Centurion, and other figures. Over these figures, and in the wheel-tracery of the window, are choirs of angels. The north chancel window, whicii is small, but elegant, has for its subject the Nativity. The window on the south side, nearest to the east end of the chancel, repre- sents the Annunciation. Westward of this is another window, represent- ing the Resurrection and the Ascen- sion. These windows, the work of Connor, of Berners Street, are me- morial, bearing inscriptions. On one of them is tlie following : — **To the glory of God, and in memory of Sir Mathew Wood, Bart., M.P., late of Hatlierley House, who was born June 2, 1768, and died Sept. 25, 1843, and of Dame Maria, his wife, who was born Jan. 21, 1770 and died July 2, 1848, this church was rebuilt by their family, 1859. 1'heir remains are interred in a vault in the churchyard to the east of the chancel. To the glory of God, and in memory of Alice Catherine, wife of Edwin Davis Maddy, barrister-at- law, who died April 29, 1859. 1 he ornamental glass of the four windows in this chancel was erected by her husband, her mother, and sisters, and her father, motlier, brothers, and sisters-in-law, 1860." Hatherley Court (A. G. Jones, Esq.), a fine old moated residence, is surrounded by fine timber. 127^ m. Cheltenham £tat., Pop. 46,842. Inhab houses, 8882. 1 M.P. (Hotels : Plough (County). Royal Bellevue and in High St. ; Queen's, top of the Promenade ; Lansdown (private hotel). On the small river Chelt, which rises 5 m. S.W., and in 1720 was crossed by stepping-stones in the streets. Leland describes it as a long town, having a market." The manor, which at the Refoi mation belonged to the nunnery of Sion, came to the crown, and was sold in 1628 to John Dutton, Esq., of whose descendant, Lord Sherborne, it was purchased in 1843 by J. Gardner, Esq. The town is intersected by the High Street, 2260 yds. in length. "The Promenade," at right angles to this street, affords a delii^htful resort for visitors. The walks are shaded by rows of trees, and the footway is at a distance from the houses, which extend the entire line of the W. side of the street. On the E. side are the Winter Gardens and the New Club House. For its celebrity the town is in- debted to its mineial springs, which, first noticed in 1718, attracted at- tention in the reign of Geo. II. ; but it was not a place of fashionable resort until the visit of Geo. III. and his queen in 1788. In 1801, Cheltenham consisted of only 710 houses; but during the first half of the present century it increased very rapidly, owing to the popularity of its waters with the faculty for the cure of liver and all other complaints arising from the debilitating effects of hot climates. During this period were erected handsome Pump Booms for the con- venience of the patients ; the chief of these are — The Montpellier Pump Boom, a Rotunda, built in 1826, adjoining the promenade and colonnade, with a dome 52 ft. in diam.; and on the N. side of High St. the Pittville Pump Boom, erected at a cost of 20,000/. in 1825-28 by the late Jos. Pitt, Esq., M P., in the suburb named after himself. This splendid edifice, which stands in extensive grounds, has a finely-proportioned dome, 70 ft. Gloucest. Boute 2a. — Cheltenham Colleges. 41 in height, and is surrounded by a colonnade, 20 ft. wide, of the Ionic order, adorned with statues of Hy- geia, Esculapius. and Hippocrates. As facilities of travelling increased, and the Continental watering-places rose in popularity, these Pump Kooms became gradually dc-^erted, and are now chietiy used for con- certs and other entertainments. In the days when the Spas were fre- quented, the Cheltenham Season used to date from May to October ; but now that the town is filled with permanent residents, it may be said to extend from November to May. During the winter months a succes- sion of Balls, Concerts, and other amusements are held, and many other visitors are attracted by the fox-hunting, for which Cheltenham is a very good headquarters. The chi(f entertainments take place in the Assembly Booms in High Street, erected in 1816, and contain- ing many large apartments : the ball-room measures 87 tt. long by 40 ft. wide, and 40 ft. hi-h. Theatrical Performances take place at what was once the Pump Room of the Royal Old Wells, now con- verted into a theatre. There are 2 Clubs in the town: the old Cheltenham and Gloucester- shire Cluhy at the Assembly Rooms, and the xVew; Club in the Promenade. Cheltenham is now famous for its educational advantages, both for boys and girls. The College, on the Bath road, was opened as a school in 1844, and has since enjoyed a deserved reputation from the excellence of its system of education, which consists of 3 depart- ments, — classical; military and civil; and preparatory, with which reli- gious education is associated. The chapel contains several memorial windows for pupils who fell in the Crimean war and the Indian mutiny. There is a spacious playground, a gymnasiurn for recreation and phy- sical training, and a museum open to the public one day in the week. Each shareholder is entitled to no- minate one pupil, of whom there are usually from 600 to 700 in the school. The Ladies College occupies an extensive range of (i-othic buildings on the site of the Old Wells walk, close to the promenade. It contains 2 large Halls, a Studio, and numei - ous Class and Lecture Rooms. The College was established in 1854, and is one of the most successful of the kind in the country — numbering up- wards of 500 pupils. The Normal Training College occupies 6 acres of land, jriven for the purpose by the late Miss Jane Cooke. The cost of tiie buildings, which are in the Early Pointed style (S. W. Daukes, Archt.), was 14,000Z. ; of which amount 6U00Z. was con- tributed by Government. This in- stitution was founded in 1846 by Dean Close, for the suitable training of Church of England schoolmasters upon Evangelical principles. The College consists of a quadrangle, with a broad corridor running round it, and with gateways surmounted by towers in the centre of the north and south fronts. The S.W. corner of the building is the residence of the principal, and the S.E. tliat of the vice-principal, the remainder being occupied by the apartments of the masters, the class-rooms, the dormitories of the students, and the necessary offices. The larger rooms have handcome open roofs with stained principals and carved corbels. At the N.E. corner of the grounds, in a separate large structure, ai e the model schools. The College is designed for the accommodation of 100 students. Its first principal was the Rev. Dr. Bromby, afterwards Bishop of Tas- mania. The museum contains a collection of some value and inteiest. A Female Branch of this College occupies a large building called St. 42 JRoute 2a.. — Cheltenham: Excursions. Sect. I. -Mary's H ill, opposite St. Matthew's Cii. : in it about 100 young women are trained in the principles of the Church of England, as teachers in the National and Board Schools of the county. In the High Street is a free Gram- mar School^ founded a d. 1586 by Eichard Pate, Recorder of Gloucester, " for the good and godly education of the youth of the town of Chelten- ham and the country thereabouts." Its revenues, increased by Queen J^^lizabeth, are about 840/. per ann. The master is appointed by C. C. Coll., Oxford, and it has 1 exhibition at Pembroke Coll., Oxford, of 75Z. a year, tenable for 4 years, founded in 1683, by George Townshend. A General Hospital, supported by voluntary subscriptions, built in 1849, overlooks the College play- ground. Tlie Post Office is in the Pro- menade, and Occupies a building which was formerly the Imperial Hotel. Down to 1823 Cheltenham had but one Ch., St Mary's, situated close to High Street. It was erected in the 14th centy., and is a cruciform structure, with a square tower rising from the centre, surmounted by an octagonal spire. In N. transept is a handsome rose window, 15 ft. in diameter, divided into 15 compart- ments, and there are other windows in the fiorirl style of Middle Pointed art. The Church underwent " resto- ration " in 1880, but notwithstanding repairs an i alterations, many inter- esting portions of early work remain. Close to St. Mary's stands St. Mat- thew's, a much larger Ch. of recent date, and there are now 10 others within the parish, as well as many Nonconformist Chapels, and the Roman Catholic ch., a fine cruciform structure with a lofty spire, and one of the most conspicuous ecclesiastical buildings in the town. It is in the Dec. style, and has windows filled with modern stained glass, and its altar, reredos, and pulpit, elaborately decorated. Ely. Stations. G. W. R. in St. James's Sq., near Parish Ch. ; Mid- land Rly. beyond Lansdown, about IJ m. from the town. Thirlestane IIou-.erved fortress occupies the summit of Gamp Hill, including within its area a space known as " the bloody acre." A triple line of ramparts defends it on its northern face, the steep slope of the hill being a sufficient protec- tion on the S. It is supposed to have been constructed by the Romans and deepened at some later period. In the remains of a Roman villa, on Vineyard Hill, coins of the 2nd Constantiue, pottery, and pure haema- tite iron have been found. This property was purchased from the Throckmortons by Sir Robert Ducie, Bart., an eminent banker and Lord Mayor of London, who ud- vanced large sums to Ghas. 1. His grandson, Sir Wm. Ducie, was cre- ated Viscount Downe in the peerage of Ireland, and dying s. p., his estates passed to his niece, the wife of Ed- ward Moreton, Esq., whose son was created in 1720 Baron Ducie. Mat- thew, 2nd Baron, obtained a fresh barony in 1763, with remainder to his nephews Thomas and Francis Reynolds, his sister's sons, from the younger of whom the peerage has passed in direct descent. The earl- dom was conferred on the 4th baron in 1837. Near the mansion is the celebrated Tortworth Chestnut-tree, supposed to be the oldest tree in the kingdom, decayed on its W. side, measuring 52 ft. It is described in ' Sylva Bri- tannica,* conjectured to have been growing since the time of Egbert, and mentioned as " the great chestnut of Tortworth " manor, a boundary-tree m tije reign of King Stephen, and noticed in records of the time of King John. On a copper plate affixed to it is en^^raved, " This tree supposed to be 690 years old Jan. 1st, 1880. "May man still guard thy venerable form From the rude blast and the tempestuous storm : Still mays't thou flourish thro' succeeding time, And last, long last, the wonder of the clime." On the brow of a hill called West- bridge, looking towards Tortworth, is a Roman camp, with double en- trenchments, enclosing about 4 acres. It is overgrown with brushwood, and is known as " BecheVs Bury.'' Tm^tworth Church, rebuilt 1871-2, at the expense of Earl Ducie, is an exact facsimile of the older building, has a font of early date, and a lofty Perp. tower which exhibits excellent masonry. In the chancel are monuments in cmque-cento style for the Throck- mortons, once owners of the manor, and a full-length effigy of Sir Thomas Throckmorton. A tablet re- cords the decease of Matthew, first Lord Ducie, in 1735, get. 71, and of Arabella Lady Ducie in 1749, a3t. 90. There is an interesting por- trait of Edward IV. in the stained glass of the E. window; 'opposite the N. door is a cross of Dec. 14th- centy. erection ; a tapering octagon shaft 7 ft. 7 in. in height, having on the top a modern capital and ball, is mortised into a square socket 30 in. deep, and mounted on three steps. 2} m. S.W, Cromhall Church, of late Dec, with portions of Perp., re- stored in 1852, when its E. window was filled with painted glass by Bell of Bristol, 'l^he foundation of a Roman villa was excavated by direc- tion of the Earl of Ducie on Vine' Gloucest. Boute 6. — Wickwar — Yate. 73 yard Hill, 1855. The principal Ijuildiugs occupied two sides of an irregular quadrangle, measuring 200 ft. in each direction ; the foun- dations of about 25 chambers were laid open, in two of which tessellated floors were found. Pieces of pot- tery, bone, metal ; of Samian and painted ware; an armilla spirally wreathed, and some pure; fine-grained hsematite iron, the leaden eqiiipon- dum and the bronze beam of a steel- yard, were discovered during the excavations. Lysons places this parish on the route between Coi-i- nium and Trajectus Augusti (the Aust Passage), and mentions that previously to 1797 Roman vestiges, coins, and a tessellated pavement had l3een noticed here. An inferior coal and very excellent limestone are raised in this parish. " The vale of Gloucester is more thickly planted with vines than any other part of England, and here they are more productive and their flavour is more grateful. The wines made from them have no harshness in the mouth, and are little inferior to those of France." — Berringtons Hist, of Hen, II , p. 611. Heath End Houm (W. Clifford, Esq.).] 21 1 m. Wiclcwar Stat., a rural town, which has a free school well endowed, and an extensive brewery, enjoying a local reputation for its ales. It is a borough by prescription. (1000 Inhab.) 4 m. E. Hawheshury, a manor pur- chased temp. Charles I. by Sir R. Jenkinson, and since enjoyed by liis descendants. The first Earl of Liver- pool took his title as Baron from this estate. The Church, a large building with late Perp. insertions, has N. and S. porches, with a parvise over the former. In the S. aisle is an ancient altar- tomb for John Cosyn, and in the chancel are tablets for Sir Rob. Jenkinson (d. 1766) ; Lady Hawkes- bury, motlier of the Prime Minister; for the 1st Earl of Liverpool ; and one for the 2nd l^arl, erectt^d by Sir George Jenkinson, Bart., M.P. The mansion, which stood near the ch., has, with the exception of a door- way and wall, been demolished. On the brow of the hill is a tower, erected 1846 to compliment Gen. Lord R. Edw. Somerset, M.P. for the county, 1803-31 ; from the top of which (ac- cessible to the public by an internal staircase, on application to the gar- dener) a most extensive prospect is obtained. 6 J m. from Wickwar, and beyond Hawkesbury, Horton : the E. E. Church, restored in 1865, contains numerous marble tablets for the Pas- tons and their connections. Horton manor (Mrs. Lumley) : a portion of the mansion is of 12th-cent. work, and forms one wing of the building. The doorways are ornamented with the zigzag moulding of that period. The other portions of the mansion were added temp. Henry VIII. by Wm. Knight, Prothoiiotary of the Com. Pleas, from whom it passed to the PastoDS, of Norfolk, witli whom it continued until 1789. It has a rich doorway in the earliest Renais- sance style. Here is an irregular 4-sided camp, consisting of a single high bank and ditch on N. and E. sides. 26 m. Yate Junct. Stat., Branch Rly. to Thornbury Castle (Rte. Ha). In the ch. is a quadrangular Brass for Alexander Staples (d. 1590), his two wives, sons and daughters, with 8 elegant verses — " Rursus supremum tuba cum tarantara clanget, spiritus tanget Mortua Membra Deus." An interesting ruin of the reign of Edw. I. exists here — a gatehouse, the lower part of which is perfect, with the outer and inner archways. There is a good fireplace, with a fine mantelpiece on first floor. Yate House (Rev. W. C. Randolph). 74 Boute 6 — Chipping Sodbury — Mangotsfield, Sect. I. 1 J m. 1. Chipping Sodbury (Inhab. 1500) {Inn : Portcullis), a small mar- / ket-town without trade. A fine cross i of 16tli-centy. work stands in the garden of the R. Catholic chapel. Leland found " a park of the kyngs by this towne sume tyme the War- wicks.*' This park is mentioned in Domesday. 3 m. in the same direction Old Sodbury ch. has a good Perp. octa- gonal font, on a plinth of unusual height. At Lyegrove (Colonel Fitz- roy Somerset) is a collection of family portraits, including the cele- brated Jack of Newbury {Handbook for Berks), by Holbein, with this couplet : — " Spend well thi mortal lief therefore That thou maist Leve for evermore." Sir Wm. Hungerford, as Grand Falconer, with hawks, hooded and belled; Lady Bolingbroke and Misses Winchcombes, by Kneller ; others by Lely, Vansomer, Romney, &c. ; an original portrait of C. J. Fox» from the Holland-House Gallery ; Charles XII. of Sweden, &c. 4 m. E., 1 m. beyond Old Sodbury, Little Sodbury. The manor-house, an interesting mansion of 16th centy., was the residence of Sir John Walsh, a favourite of Henry VIII., and patron and protector of William Tyndale, who whilst tutor in this family translated the Bible under its roof. In the ch. is a tablet for David Hartley, M.P. for Hull, Minis- ter to Versailles to settle the peace after the American war, and for Dr. Hartley, author of some literary works. These parishes are named from the strong camp (Sod, south; and bury, a camp), on the summit of the hill, supposed to have been formed, with the other ancient forts that command the course of the Severn, by Ostorius Scapula, to protect this part of the kingdom from the incur- sions of the Silures. It was evidently, at one time, a military position of considerable importance from its ex- tent, commanding position, and line of entrenchment being nearly an oblong squ ire, 300 yards long and 200 yards broad, having 2 .^ides of it protected by a double ditch and ramparts. Leland observes, "at Litle Subbiri, alias Sodbiri, a XII miles from Bris- tow, as yt were by North Est. ap- pereth on a Hill a strong Camp of Menne of Warre doble die hid. It is used now to be so wen by Mr. Walche. Walche is Lord of Little Sodbyri, and bathe a fayr place there in the syde of Sodbyri high hill and a park." — Itinerary. 1} m. S.W. of Yate Stat, the Perp. Church of Westerleigh has been destroyed by fire, but its Norm, font, ornamented with low reliefs, some- what mutilated, and a lofty tower, remain. Fowler, Bp. of Gloucester, was born here 1632. Extensive col- lieries are in work at Coal-heath and other parts of this parish. 30 J m. Mangotsfield Junct. Stat. Coal is raised in this parish, and, from the quarries at Downend, a close- grained sandstone of a superior quality. Cleve Hill (C. D. Cave, Esq.), a mansion erected in the 16th centy., was enlarged 1717, by the addition of 2 fronts, well-proportioned and in the Grecian style. The gardens and extensive pleasure-grounds contain timber of unusually large dimensions. The camp of Berry Hill in this parish is proved to be of Koman construction by the discovery of coins. Hill House (H. Cossham, Esq.). IJ m. E. Siston Court (F. B. N. Dickenson, Esq. j. In 1613 Qu. Anne of Denmark was entertained by Sir H. Billingsley in this mansion. The E. E, ch. consists of a nave, chancel, square tower, and S. porch, with an arch of zigzag work. There is a leaden font of early date. Gloucest. Boute 6. — Kinjswood — JBltton. lb A tramway, connecting this rly. stat. with Bath, has been converted by the Midland directors into a branch rly. It skirts the populous coal district of Kingswood, a district formed out of the parish of Bitton, (5000 Inhab., chiefly employed in collieries and handicraft trades. This country was once a Koyal chace, and Bristol obtains its chief supply of fuel from the coal-mines here. Its inhabit- ants, once a lawless race, have be- come reconciled to the conditions of civilized life, and are now an in- dustrious though still independent people. The first trial of field- preaching was made by Whitfield on the colliers at this place, in Feb- ruary, 1739 : " These poor men had been left without any place or means of religious worship, so that to address them from the summit of a green knoll instead of a pulpit, was scarcely a matter of choice. Well migiit the preacher's heart exult when he found, in a few weeks, 200 people gathered round him from their coal-pits, and saw, as he says, the white gutters made by the tears which plentifully fell down their black cheeks. Negligent in- deed must have been the reapers where there was so much to glean." — Southey. Kingswood has been con- stituted an ecclesiastical district. Its ch. has an elaborately decorated interior, with a tower 90 ft. high. [From Mangotsfield the branch line to Bitton and Bath reaches 2 m. Warmley Stat. 1 m. Bridge Yate. IJ m. Wick hamlet, in a pic- turesque and romantic valley, watered by the river Boyd. Its most remari^abie attractions are the rocks each side of a deep glen, nearly 1 m. in length, which rise 200 ft. perpendi- cularly, and consist of beds of lime- stone and petrosilex alternating with each other, containing quartz crystals known as Bristol Diamonds. On the summit of the N. cliff is a Koinan camp, oblong enclosing 1 2 acres. It is defended by a broad ditch and double valluiii. 3 m. Doynton or Teynton. This manor belonged during many de- scents to the Langtons, and now belongs to W. S. Gore-Ijangton, Esq., M.P., whose ancestor married the Langton heiress. The river Boyd intersects this parish, and flowing through a rich and pleasing district known as the Golden Valley^ joins the Avon at Bitton — " And thou, sweet Boyd, that with thy wat'ry sway Dost wash the cliffs of Doynton and of Wick ; And through their rocks with crooked winding way Their mother Avon runnest swift to seek." — Benny s. There is a charity of considerable value, founded by Wellbeloved Wilks, which has for its object the support and education at school and college of candidates for holy orders. Doynton House (H. Falcon, Esq.). 6 m. Bitton Stat. (1235 Inhab.), 6 m. from Bristol, on the Bath road. Coal mines of great depth are worked in this extensive parish, which is watered by the rivers Boyd and Avon; the latter forming the boundary between the counties of Gloucester and Somerset. At the Conquest the manor of Bitton was held of the Crown by a Saxon named Dons. In 1137 it was granted to Kobert Fitzhardinge for his services on behalf of the Empress Maude. His son Eobert de Berkeley also possessed it, and ancient tiles with his anus have been found in the ch.-yard. This part of Bitton was next enjoyed during several descents by a family who assumed the name of De Bitton. Their heiress was wife of John Greyndour, Esq., of Newland, and also of Sir John Barre, of Rothewas, Herefordshire. It was from the latter event that the manor- house acquired the appellation which 76 jRoute 6. — Weston — Battle of Lansdown Hill. Sect. T. it has since retained. Lady Barre, dying in 1485 without issue, her estates were divided among rela- tives, and Barrels Court (now a farm- house, with the arms of Newton over the door) passed to Sir John New- ton, of Harptree, Somerset, by whom Leland was enteitained in 1540, and remarks : " At Hanham dwelleth one Ser John Newton, in a fayre olde mannar place of stone caulled Bar- reacourte. The forest of Kinges- wood cometh just unto Master Newton's howse.' The Church has a nave of unusual length, N. aisle, and fine Pe-p. tower, with a stair- case turret enriched with pinnacles. Some portions of this handsome building are Norm. In tiie chancel of the N. aisle, which was built as a Dormitory for the Newton family, are three fine sedilia and marbie tablets to Sir John Newton, M.P. for (xrantham (d. 1699), his wife and relatives. There is a fragment of the effigy of a bishop dug out of the walls of the church. In the church tower is an effigy of Robert de Bitton (d. 1227), dis- covered in the ch.-yard in J 826, close to the church on its S. side, the site probably of a mortuary chapel. The figure is cross-legged, having the head, arms, and shield cut in low relief; the lower part of the figure and surcoat being ex- pressed by incised lines. The posi- tion of the shield is very unusual. The tower, erected 1377, has the heads of Edw. III. ami Qu. Philippa as corbels. In the division of Hanham West^ a capital messuage, known as Han- ham Court (A, J. Palmer, Esq.), was given in the reign of Edw. III. to the Convent of Keynsham ; — " The walls of the house, especially of the cellars, are very massive and ancient. There is also a little Early Ch. ad- joining the mansion, with a late Norm, font, and a more curious Norm, piscina." — Ellacomhe. In Oil 11 and chapelry is a sr»hool founded by John Wesley. Oldland Hall (H. W. Atchley, Esq.). 8 m. Weston Stat. The pastures of this parish, about 2000 acres in extent, and bounded by the river Avon, are gmzed by cows, for the supply of Bath with milk. Its quarries of blue lias contain a variety of fossils, aniong which are the bones of the ichthyosaurus. On New- bridge Hill is Partis College, opened 1827 for the reception of 30 reduced gentlewoiiien, 10 of whom must be widows or daughters of clergymen of the Church of England. Between Lansdoivn Hill, which is partly in Weston parish, and Toghill, one of the most memorable engagements in these parts, during the Civil War, happene i. In July, lt)43, the King's forces under the Marquis of Hertford and Prince Maurice, marching from Devon to join the King at Oxford, dis'-overed the Parliament forces under Sir Wm. Waller too strongly posted on Lans- down, with a battery in their front, to be prudently attacked. The Royalist commanders thereupon ad- vanced their troops to Toghill on the road to Oxford, presuming that by this means they should draw the enemy from their place of advant- age, his chief business being to hinder their going to the Kinyr. But the unreasonable contempt the cavaliers had of the enemy, and the confidence that they should prevail on any ground, together with their straits for provisions would not ad- mit of patience, for Sir W. Waller no sooner di-ew out his men on Lansdown, which looks towards Tog- hill, than they suffered themselves to be engaged upon great disadvant- age." — Lord Clarendon. Sir W. W. deta-^hed a strong party of horse with I a regiment of cuirassiers to engage with the King's cavalry, who had ' never before turned from an enemy ; Gloucest. Route 6. — Bath — Bristol. 77 but the attack was so vigorous, par- ticularly by the cuirassiers, that the \ royal horse were broke and put to the rout. At this crisis, a fresh party of : troops belonging to the King, sup- ported by some Cornish musqueteers, | came up, attacked in turn, drove back , the Parliament's forces, and, after a very bloody engagement (in which Sir Beville Granville, at the third charge, his horse failing, after other wounds, received a mortal blow from a pole-axe), gained the summit of the hill, and took possession of the bat- tery. Upon this, Walter retired be- hind some stone walls, where both parties continued in sight of each other during the remainder of the day ; and at midnight the Parlia- ment's forces retreated to Bath, leav- ing lighted matches in the walls to deceive the King s troops, who found themselves, in the morning, masters of the field of battle. In consequence of this engagement Chas. II., after the Restoration, conferred the titles of Earl of Bath and Viscount Lans- down upon Sir Beville's son, whose son, in commemoration of t lie action, erected the present monument, with this inscription : — To the immortal memory of His renowDed (irandfaiber. And valiant Cornish Friends, Who conquered, dying iii the Koyal Cause, July 5, 1613, This column was dedicated by tlie Hon. Geo. Granville, Lord Lauv^down, 1720. " Dulce est pro patria mori," On the W. side are trophies of war ; on the E. the King s arms and those of Granville ; and on the top is a grittin, the Granville crest. The following is on the S. tablet : In this battle, on the King's part, were more othcers and gentlemen of quality slain than private men ; but that which would have clouded any victory, and made the lohs of others less spoken of, was the death of Sir Beville Granville. He was indeed an excellent person, whose activity, interest, and reputation were the foundation of what had been done in Cornwall; and his temper an I atfection so public, that no accident which happened could make any impression on him ; and his example kept others from taking any thing ill, or, at least, seeming to do so. In a word, a brighter courage and a gentler disposition were never married together, to make the most cheerful and innocent conversation." Lansdown confers the title of Marquis on the Fitzmaurice family. 9 m. Bath, Midland Stat. (Hotels : York House ; New Pump Room H., a large establishment, especially adapted for invalids, with direct communication with the New Royal Baths; Castle; Greyhound; Royal.) Inhab. 53,761. Bath, situated in the county of Somerset, is fully de- scribed in the Handbook for Somerset, Wilts, and Dorsef] S7i m. Bristol Station is in the joint use of the (ireat Western and Midland Companies. Bristol, by means of these railways, enjoys im- mediate communication with every part of the kingdom. Hotels : Royal, College Green ; The Grand Hotel; White Lion, Broad Street; the George. At Clifton, the * Clifton Down Hotel, facing the Suspension Bridge ; St. Vincent's Rocks H. ; — Queen's. This ancient city and county of itseif is situate in the counties of Gloucester and Somerset (Inhab. 207,140), on the rt. bank of the Avon, 8 m. above its termination in the Bristol Channel. It was called by the Britons Caer Brito, and by the Saxons Brito Stow. " Bristol, the capital city of the West of England, has been distin- guished for its commerce from a very early period, and was for many cen- turies the second city in the British dominions. It once enjoyed an ex- clusive trade with the West Indies : and it continues to be one of the 78 Boute 6. — Bristol ; History ; Cathedral, Sect. I. chief resorts of our mercantile navy. Its position, upon a tidal river, and surrounded by an extensive coal-field, appears as well fitted to secure a pre-eminence amongst the manufacturing interests of modern times as amongst those of commerce in days of yore. In practice, how- ever, this has not been fulfilled. The manufactures of England, since they have attained their present immense importance, have flourished chiefly in the Northern and Midland dis- tricts, and have not descended, in any great force, into the West." The Frome joins the Avon to the S. of the town, where the channel of the rivers has been converted into a floating basin. A part of the Avon is conducted in a deep new cut fur- ther south, a considerable work, exe- cuted 1804, at a cost of 600,000/. The tide rises here nearly 30 ft. Bristol has been much favoured by royalty. In 1063 Harold sailed from i this port for the subjugation of Wales. At the period of the Con- quest an extensive trade in English slaves was carried on here, which was abolished by Wm. I. The Empress Matilda retired to this castle on her escape from Arundel, and kept Stephen a prisoner in it until he was exchanged on the capture of the Earl of Gloucester. Henry II. was placed here in the care of that noble Earl and his uncle, "whose instruction laid the foundation of all that was after- wards most excellent in him." King John and his son were frequent visitors ; in 1284 Edw. I. held bis court during Christmas ; in 1399 Richard II. embarked at this port for Ireland ; in 1456 Henry VI. and Qu. Margaret, and in 1461 Edw. IV., passed many days here ; Henry VIL in 1486, Qu. Elizabeth in 1573, and Qu. Anne in 1612, " wiio could not feel herself to be queen until she came to Bristol ; " Charles I. in 1643 and Charles II. in 1663. Wm. III., on his return from Ire- land in 1690, was welcomed with great pomp. Bristol resembles some of the old towns of Belgium and Germany more perhaps than any other city in Britain. Many of the streets are highly picturesque, containing cu- rious timber houses, with gables and o verhai i ging upper s tories, ai ) d numer- ous windows, but the city is fast being modernised. Mary -port Street, opening into High Street, is one of the most remarkable. Bristol boasts many objects of curiosity, the chief of which are its churches, and at their head the Cathedral, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, stands on the S. side of College Green. The ancient build- ing consisted of choir and transepts, to which a nave was added 1877. Although nor ranking among the larger English cathedrals, it is very interesting in details, picturesque in general appearance. It was the church of the Monastery of St. Augustine, founded by Robert Fitz- hardinge, a.d. 1142, consecrated 1148; and is a building deserving of careful study. "The Norm, and Dec. portions are of imusual value and interest ; and the latter especi- ally presents many features which partake very much more of the nature of what we may call German than English Gothic of that period.'* The following dates suggested by Mr. Godwin mav be safely accept- ed :— Norman (1142-48) : staircase in N. aisle ; portions of walls in both tran- septs ; the lower part of the tower- piers ; and the gateway to the abbot's lodgings. Transition-Norman (1165-70) : chapter-house and vestibule. Ear. Eng. (1196-1215); part of elder Lady Chapel. Ear. Eng. (1237-64) : portions of N. transept. Gloucest. Boute 6. —Bristol Cathedral, 79 Dec. (geometrical, 1286-94): roof and E. window of elder Lady Chapel. Dec. (1306-32) : choir and choir- aisles. Late Dec. (1332-41): chantry, the Newton Chapel. Perp. (1481-1515) : central tower. Perp. (1515-26) : vaulting of S. transepts. The peculiar features of tliis Cathedral consist of " the lofty ' main arcade without triforium or clerestory, the aisle equal in height to nave and choir, and conse- quently admitting of those lofty and magnificent windows whirh quite compensate for the absence of the usual stages above the arcades. The roofing or rather the vaulting of the aisles : a transverse stone beam is thrown across the aisle, supported by a transverse pointed arch, while from the centre of the beam thus REFERENCES. A A A. Tower and Transept. B. Choir. (J. Oimncel or Sacrariura. 1). North Choir-aiftle. E. South Choir-aisle. F. Elder Lady-chapfl. G. Ante-chaniber t«» Berkeley Chapel. H. Berkeley Chapel. K. Newton Chapel. L. Cloister. ]VI. Vestibule of Chapter-house. N. Chapter-house. O. North Porch. P. Butler Tower and Baptistery. R. Nave. S. West Portal. ]. North Entrance. '2. Sedilia. Monument of Abbot Newland. Monument of Abbot Knowle. MonnnvMitof Abbot Newberry. Moiium nit of Bishop Bush. MonmnoTit of Maurice lx)rd Berkeley a'ui Wif'. 8. Staircase to Trifonum and Tower. 9. Moimmei t of Thoma«i l>ord Berkeley. 10. Monnnunt of second Maurice Lord Berkelpy. 11. Monument of second Thomas Lord Berkeley. 12. Doorway to Cloister. SCALE OF FEET 100 120 140 GRoris'D Plan. Bristol Cathedral. supported spring the vaulting shafts of the roof. In the walls of the choir and aisles are 8 Sepulchral Re- cesses, very richly ornamented and almost peculiar to this Ch. A fringed canopy is enclosed within a square moulding, from which radiate^ five projecting finials surrounding the recess. They are of elegant Deco- rated work, and date from the time of Abbot Knowle. Three of them enclose the efligies of Abbots 80 Boute 6. — Bristol Cathedral; Sect. I. Knowle, Newlancl, and Newberry. • Under the others are effigies of Fitzhardinges, Lords of Berkeley, great benefactors to this Ch. Alto- gether none of these features occur' elsewhere, but certain of the details i are found in the district over which the peciilar school of Glastonbury spread itself at an early period/* The Nave, entirely of modern con- struction, was built 1867-77, from designs of Edmund Street, R.A., who followed very closely the plans of Abbot Knowle and the style of the Choir erected by him. It is entered by a very elegant gabled N. Porch surmounted by a par vis. The nave consists of six bays, is 120 ft. long, 69 broad, and 60 ft. high to the stone vaulted roof. '1 he Choir consists of five bays from the tower to the E. end of the n isles : beyond is a chancel of two bays. The clustered piers of the choir have triple shafts, from which | springs the groined vaulting of both j the choir and aisles. The capitals ! have been touched with colour. The | E. window is filled with rich glass, among the best in England, and, in the opinion of Mr. Winston, it dates from 1320. It was carefully cleaned and restored in 1847. It repre- sents a Tree of Jesse. The lower lights contain figures of the Virgin and Infant Jesus, with those of prophets and Idngs. In the three upright lights above are the cruci- fied Saviour, the B. V. M., and St. Joiin the Evangelist. The side win- dows are filled with ancient glass of rare excellence, which has been restored and re-arranged by Messi-s. Bell. The two arched recesses of the reredos are ancient; the other portion is of modern construction. In the Decorated recess in the wall of tiie chancel is the finely sculp- tured effigy of Abbot Newland (d. 1515), mitred and holding the pastoral staff. In two of these re- cesses on N. side of the chancel are the effiofies of Abbot Knowle and Abbot Newberry (d. 1463). The vaulting of the S. aisle, of very unusual and ino^enious construc- tion, should be noticed, also the win- dows, for the beauty of the Decorated tracery. The E. windows of the choir aisles are filled with glass coloured with enamels inserted soon after the Restoration, and traditionally said to have been a gift of Nell Gwynne. In the N. choir-aisle is a large Jaco- bean monument to Robert Codring- ton (d. 1618), restored in 1860 by Sir Bethel Codrington, Bt. The figures kneel under a canopy, the curtains of which are held back by cherubs ; — A orpaceful marble figure of Mrs. Middleton (d. 1826), by Baily, R.A., is in a devotional posture, with the hands clasped on the breast. Near it is the tomb of Paul Bush (d. 1558), the first Bishop of Bristol. In the first bay of this aisle is the bust, by Baily, R.A., of Robert Southey, born in Bristol 1774, erected as a rnonument by his fellow-citizens ; also a tablet to Mrs. Mason (d. 1767), bearinfT an epitaph by her husband, assisted by Gray, beginning, "Take, holy earth, all that my soul holds dear ;" In a bay between the choir and the Lady Chapel is an altar-tomb, with two life-sized figures under a groined canopy, which should be noticed, supposed to represent Mau- rice Lord Berkeley (d. 1368), there being a surcoat with the Berkeley arms over the armour, and for Eliza- beth, his wife, whose figure wears the veiled head-dress. Tiie Lady Chapel projects from Ihe N. aisle of the choir and is old( r than it, being of pure E. Eng. style (dated 1215), under a Perp. doorway. It has four bays, and its detached vaulting shafts are of Purbeck marble. The arches of this aisle are decorated with grotesque carvings — such as a monkey playing on the Pan-pipes ; a goat blowing a horn, Gloucest. Boute 6. — Monuments; Chapter-house. 81 and carrying a hare on its back ; a ram and ape playin^r musical instru- ments ; a fox carrymg away a goose. Within two recesses are cross-leg- ged figures of warriors, attributed to Thomas de Berkeley (d. 1243), and Maurice de B. (d. 1281). In the Berkeley Ghapel, now used as a vestry, is an altar-tomb rich witli armorial' devices for Thomas, 1st Lord Berkeley (d. 1321). Monuments of various ages have been partly removed into the clois- ters ; among them are : a monument by Bacon, to Mrs. Draper (d. 1778), the Eliza of Sterne's correspondence, fianked by 2 graceful but somewhat unmeaning female figures represent- ing " Genius and Benevolence ; " to Jane and Anna Maria Porter (the novelists) ; to Kev. John Eagles, scholar and poet, born in Bristol, 1784, died 1855, and to the parents of Macready, the tragedian. In the S. transept is a monument, erected by Fripp in 1834 by subscription, to Bishop Butler (d. 1752), author of the * Analogy,' with an inscription by Soutliey. His grave is near the Bishop's seat, between those of Bishops Hewel and Bradshaw ; also monuments to Mrs. Crawfurd, by Chantrey, and some good medallion heads ; one by Tyley to 2 children of R. Walwyn, Esq. ; one to Lady Hesketh {d. at Clifton, 1807) ; to Wm. Phillips, the Sacrist, who in 1831 prevented the profana- tion of the Cathedral by the rioters ; and to Catharine Vernon, by Bacon. In the Newton Chapel, 1332-1341, occupying the angle between tlie S. aisles and transept. Bp. Gray (d. 1834), by Baily, R.A. ; Sir Richard Cradock, Justice of C. P. (d. 1444) : and in the S. aide, tliose of Dr. Elwyn, by Baily, R.A., and his wife by Chantrey ; and to Elizabeth Stan- hope (d. 1816), with a bas-relief of an angel bearing aloft the deceased, by Sir i?. Westmacott: — a lofty monu- ment of Sir Thomas Newton, of [(?., W, & H.] Barre's Court (d. 1594), with 6 lines of epitaph — another resembling in style that of the poet Chaucer, in Westminster Abbey, is erroneously attributed to Sir M. Newton, Justice of the C. Pleas. There is also a very elaborate one for Sir John Newton, Bt. (d. 1661). A door in the S. transept leads into the small remairdng fragment of Cloisters, Perp. in style; the walls covered with monuments removed from the transepts. From the cloister you enter The Chapter-house, preceded by a vestibule of Norman arches, round and pointed. It is a parallelogram, enriched with zigzag and cable moulding, 42 ft. by 25. Its walls are lined with circular arcades with intersecting arches, all much en- riched. It contains the portion of the library which escaped destruc- tion in the riots of 1831. On the restoration of the flooring, in 1832, twelve stone coffins were disturbed, and the covering slab of one, now in the canon's vestry, is a remarkable piece of early sculpture evidently of Norman character. It represents tlie descent of Cnrist into Hell, and and the delivery thence of Adam. The Tower, a perpendicular addi- tion, is 127 feet in heignt. Ad- joining the cloisters are some remains of the Bishop's Palace, burnt by the rioters in 1831. The bishop now re- sides at the Palace in Gloucester. A little W. of the cathedral, in the corner of the green, is The College Gateway, a most elabo- rate Norman archway of oolite st >ne in excellent preservation. The four receding orders of this archway are enriched with zigzag and other mouldings, and an interlacing arcade lines the sides of the passage. The superstructure is of Perpendicular work. This gateway connects the Q 82 Boute 6. — Bristol : St. MarJcs Church ; Sect. I. Upper and Lower College Green, and was the principal gate of the mo- nastery. The arms of England and of Berkeley, with their qnarterings, are displayed on it. The statues of Abbots Newland and Elliot are in the upper part. The gateway in Lower College Green, is of far less elaborate character. It formed the approach to the Abbot's lodgings, and subseg^uently to the Bishop's palace. The independent see of Bristol lasted about 300 years. The diocese was founded in 1542, by Henry VIII. out of the f(^rmer property of mouas- teries, then disestablished. It ceased to be in 1836, when, by an order in Council, the see was united with that of Gloucester. The first bishop was Paul Bushe, Provincial of the Boashommes, consecrated in 1512, who resigne l the see two years 1 iter, on the accession of Mary. Bushe died in retirement, in 1558. The forty-third and last prelate was Bishop Allen, elected in 1831, and translated to Ely in 1836 ; in which diocese he died in 1815. Of the united diocese of Gloucester and Bristol there have been four bishops. At the entrance of the College Green is an elegant memorial Cross, erecteil in 1851 at a cost of 450Z., on the site of a similar pillar erected in A.D. 1247, and removed in 1766 to Stourhead, in which park it was re- erected by Sir Kichard Colt Hoare, and still remains. In 1742, Pope remarks: — "The College Green is pretty set with trees, with a very line old cross of Gothic curious work in the middle, but spoiled with the folly of new gildirjg it, that takes away all the venerable antiquity." On the N. side of the Green is *St Mark^s Church, commonly called the Mayor'' s Chapel, one of the most beautiful and interesting Gothic edifices in Bristol. It is seldom open except on Sunday, and the key is kept by a beadle living at a dis- tance. It was the chapel of the Priory of the Gannts, founded in 1231. Its S. extremity (for it stands nt-arly N. and S., not E. and W.) displays fine Dec. windows. Close to the S. door is the organ, resting on an elaborate modern screen sup- ported by pillars from which rises fan-tracery. The chapel is small, consisting of a narrow choir ter- minating in an elaborate stone altar- screen of richPerp. niches and taber- nacles surmounted by a painted window. On the rt. are four very fine sedilia ; on the 1. 2 sepulchral recesses : one, fringed with a Dec. arch, sculptured with cusps and foliage of great beautj^ contains the armed effigies of Sir Thomas Berkeley (d. 1361), in plate armour, and his wife, interesting for the costume. In the other recess re- poses Salley, Bishop of Llandatf (d. 1516), a fine figure in episcopal robes, with mitre, pastoral staif, and official ring. A stately monument to Thomas James, M.P. for the city, and another, with two kneeling figures to Thomas (d. 1598) and John Aid worth (d. 1615), merchants of great repute. The chapel is roofed with a flat ceiling of oak, in com- partments, with richly desiijned and painted bosses. The pulpit, carved out of Painswick stone, and the mayor's seat and stalls of oak, are modern. On an altar-tomb are the effigies of Sir Maurice de Gaunt, 1229, and his nephew. There are i several other monuments in a side I aisle on the E., well preserved, chiefly Elizabethan in style. On : the rt. or E. side 'of the altar, near > the tower, is another entrance lead- 5 ing into the Poyntz chapel, a small chantry now used as a Vestry: it is a gem of Perp. Gothic, with ' niches in the wall ; 2 recesses on one ) side are occupied by iron closets. 5 The variegated tiles appear to be I Moorish azuleias brought from i Spain. Capt. Bedloe, the noted col- - league of Titus Oates, and con- Gloucest. Boute 6. — St, Mary Bedcliffe, 83 ceraed in the Eye-House Plot, was buried here by charity in 1680, in the S. porch. About 10 minutes* walk from the Terminus of the Great Western Rail- way, upon a knoll of new red sand- stone, on the opposite side of the Avon (Harbour) is the celebrated church of ** St. Mary Bedcliffe, "The pride of Bristowe and the Western londe," and the fairest and goodliest parish church in England ; far finer than the Cathedral. Its restoration was undertaken in 1842 and occupied many years, a vast sum of money being spent upon the work. The ground-plan of the church is cruciform, with a massive tower at the N.W. corner. It is one of the 4 churches in England which have transept aisles ; the others being the cathedrals of York and Ely, and the Abbey of Westminster. The chancel also has aisles, and at the eastern end there is a Lady Chapel. The total length of the ch. is 239 ft., and of the transepts 117 ft. The transept and aisles are 44 ft. broad, nave and aisles 59 ft. Height of the aisles 25 ft., and of nave, transept, and chancel 54 ft. A peculiar feature of the cli. has been the unrivalled tower, surmounted by the stump of a spire of the date of Edwardl. There is a legend extant that the remainder of the spire was destroyed in a storm, 1445, "to the great injury of the church," and it is distinctly stated by William of Worcester, writing in 1480, that this was the case, but still some have doubted whether the spire was ever completed at all. It has, however, been finished by the Restoration Committee, and on May 9, 1872, the top Scone was placed upon it by the Mayor and Mayoress of Bristol, accompanied by the Vicar of the parish. The height of the tower and spire is about 280 ft. The tower, base and inner N. porch (1200-1230) are E. Eng., verging into Dec, and are the oldest parts of the building. The tower is built on a foundation of lumps of Pennant-stone uncemented. The upper part of the tower is rich Dec, and the bulk of the church Perp. ; but, with their usual skill, mediaeval architects have harmonised these various additions with the older portions in a wonderful manner. The proportions of the interior are equally harmonious, and the beau- tifully moulded pillars, the vaulted stone roof, covered with elaborate tracery, and the handsome mullioned windows complete an architectural picture which is surpassed only by our finest cathedrals. There are 12 distinct varieties of groining in the roof, and of the more than 1100 bosses there are not any 2 alike. The Lady Chapel was re- stored at the cost of the Freemasons of Bristol. The Choir is surrounded by an ele- gant screen of open stone-work, and behind the altar has been erected a beautiful reredos carved in Caen stone, having for its subject " Christ Feeding the Five Thousand.'* Among the contributors to the building of this beautiful church were Simon de Bruton, 1294, a Bris- tol merchant, and 6 times mayor ; Wm. Canynges the elder, 1376-96 ; and Wm. Canynges the younger, 5 times mayor of Bristol, and one of its "Merchants Royal.''' The younger Canynges was a great sliip- owner, and lent Edward IV. 3000 marks. He died 1474, having re- tired from the world and become a priest at Westbury, near Bristol. At the end of the S. transept his effigy, and that of his wife, boldly executed in stone, are placed in a canopied tomb. An inscription records Jiis wealth and the names of his ships. Against the N. wnll at the W. end of the nave is suspended the armour of Admiral Sir Wm. Penn, whose G 2 84 Boute 6. — Bristol : St, Mary BedcUffe ; Sect. I. body was brought from London and interred here with great pomp, 1670, father of the founder of Pennsyl- vania, and a native of Bristol. The church contains some good Brasses. In the Lady Chapel Sir John Invn, Recorder of Bristol, and Ch. Justice of K. B. 1440, with 8 Latin verses ; 2, in choir, J ohn Jay, with Joan his wife (1480), 6 sons and 8 daughters ; 4, in choir, John Brooke, Serjeant-at-Law, with his wife. In the N. aisle are 2 monuments to the brothers Sir Thomas and William Mede, 1475, merchants of Bristol, monuments remarkable for the ela- borate canopies (Perp.), and the winged angels between the arches. At the back of one tomb is a singular brass plate and a tablet to Sir Francis Freeling, Bt. (d. 1836). Amongst other curious tombstones in this church maybe mentioned one to be found in the W. aisle of the S. transept. On a stone tablet is rudely engraved a large knife and a skimmer, with the following inscrip- tion:—" Hie jacet Wil^m^ Coke in servious Wil^m^ Canynge, mer- catore ville Bristol. Cujus animse propitietur Deus. Amen." The clerestory windows in the S. transept are surrounded by a band of quatre- foil lig^hts. The original font of the church, which is of plain but good design, is to be found against a pillar at the S.W. end of the church. One of modern workmanship is now used. On a bracket against the wall under the tower will be seen what, if one may believe ancient historians, is a rib of the celebrated Dun Cow of Guy, Eai 1 of Warwick, the story of which is so familiar to every Englishman, but after an inspection of the " relic the visitor will probably rather in- cline to the belief that it is the rib of a whale, brought perhaps to Bristol, as another legend informs us, by Sebastian Cabot, the great Bristol navi.s:Mtor. In 1653, 20 of the Dutch prisoners captured by Blake in his victory over Dutch Admiral Tromp, were cotjfined in the crypt of this church. The N. porch is interesting in many respects : it is in 2 divisions. The inner portion is very good Ear. Eng. with pointed arcades on shafts of black marble, which, from their property of ringing when struck, are vulgarly called "the dumb or- gan." The outer and more recent porch is a hexagon of rich Dec. work. A sort of closet with bars in front (which have, however, been partly i walled up) is called a Confessional, but erroneously ; there is nothing in its construction or position to fit it for such a purpose ; it was probably a chamber where persons were placed for penance. The very peculiar ex- ternal arch of this porch should be observed. It was in the "Treasury," a muniment-room forming the upper story, that the unfortunate and mis- directed genius Chatterton, son of a suh-chanter in the catliedral — (his uncle was a schoolmaster, the sexton ofRedcliffe Church) — pretended that he had discovered in an old chest, which went by the name of Mr. Canynges' Coffer, MSS. attributed by him to Rowley, a monk. The fragments of tlie coffer are still pre- served in their original place in the attic of the porch. Chatterton was born on RedclitFe Hill, 1752, and educated at Colston's charity school. He is represented in the dress of that establishment on the monumen- tal cross erected to his memory in the churchyard. St. Stephen's, Clare St., distin- guished by its lofty and elegant square tower 133 ft. high, with very light pierced battlement and turret, dating 1470, and one of the finest in Bristol, was built in the reign of Henry VI. by John Shipward, a mer- chant and mayor of Bristol. It is a Perp. ch. of rather late but good cha- racter. It contains a chantry founded Gloucest. Boute 6. — Churches, 85 by one Edward Blanket, who gave his name to that useful article of bed furniture which he or his family, a race of clothiers, are said to have in- vented. It has also a rich porch, and the monumental effigy of Sir G. Snigge, Recorder of the city (d. 1617), full-length, in official robes ; also a tomb with the figure of a civilian habited in the costume of Edw. III. The Temple Church (near Victoria St., and not far from the Rly. Stat.), a large and stately Perpend, building restored 1873 with a fine nave, and conspicuous on account of its lean- ing tower. In 1772 it was found to lean 3 ft. 9 in. from the perpendicu- lar. It contains brasses of a civilian, c. 1396, with 4 Latin verses and the marginal inscription lost ; 2, a priest in cope, on reverse a lady in marble, circ. 1460. St. Peter s Church. The unfor- tunate poet, Richard Savage, was buried in the ch.-yard at the cost of the gaoler, but no stone marks his grave. He died 1743 in the New- gate prison in this city, where he was confined for debt, after writing his ' London and Bristol delineated.' The ch. has no architectural attrac- tion. In its S. aisle is a Gothic canopied tomb with the effigy of a female of the Newton family :— a brass for Robert Lond, chaplain 1641, with chalice and Host. Sir John Cadaman, beheaded by order of Prince JElupert for killing an officer of the garrison, was buried in this ch. The Church of St. Philip and St. Jacob is a curious building, having its tower at the E. end of S. aisle. The font is Norm, and part of the tower and some parts of the ch. are good E.E., and deserve the notice of the architectural student. An armed demy figure in the Kemys' aisle is attributed to Duke Robert, eldest son of William the Conqueror, de- prived of sight and imprisoned in Bristol Castle, by order of his brother Hen. I. >S'^. James* s Church is a very good specimen of the Norman style, and includes an intersecting arcade of circular arches, with a round window above. It was built 1130 ; the tower was added 1374. On the S. wall is a monumental effigy, said to be of Robert Earl of Gloucester, the founder. In the chancel to the S. of the altar are the kneeling effigies of Sir C. Somerset (d. 1598), son of Henry Earl of Worcester, with his wife and daughter, and a bust of Rev. T. T. Biddulph (d. 1838), by Bail]), B.A, All Saint's Church, in Corn Street, is a Dec. building with late Perp. windows ; at the E. end of the S. aisle is the monument (by Rysbrach) of Edward Colston, merchant of Bristol (d. 1721), a most princely benefactor by his charities to his native town. It consists of a statue in a full-bot- tomed wig, under an Ionic pediment, with a list of his numerous benefac- tions. >S'^. John the Baptist Church, on the line of the town wall, contains one of the old hour-glasses in very perfect condition. A brass of Thomas Rowley, merchant (d. 1478), and his wife, with merchants' mark and shield. This ch. was built by Walter Frampton, merchant (d. 1357), whose effigy in aldermanic robes exists. A finely groined crypt will repay in- spection. >S'^. John's Gate is carried under the church tower. Over the gate are statues called Brennus and Belinus, the fabled founders of Bristol. St. Werhurgh*s, nearly rebuilt in 1761, with the exception of the rich pinnacled tower erected in 1385. It contains mural brasses for Nicholas Thome, a merchant and co-founder of a school, with two wives and chil- dren, d. 1546; 2, Wm. Gyttyns, a merchant (1586), with a wife and 10 children : and the recumbent effigy of John Barker, mayor of Bristol, in his magisterial robes. This ch. is to 86 Houte 6. — Bristol: Public Buildings ; Sect. I. be removed to widen the adjoining street. St. Nicholas, erected in 1762-8, at the cost of 6000L, on the site of a former ch., of which the richly- groined crypt (c. 1503), is preserved and will repay a visit. It has a well-proportioned taper spire. St. Augustine's Church, erected 1480. The bosses of the chancel roof bear the initials and decrees of Abbot Naelhart and Abbot Elliot. Sir Wm. Draper, of Junius celebrity, was buried in this churchyard. The Guildhall in Broad St. is a modern Gothic building of the style of Richard II., by Fope of Bristol. The six niches between the windows are filled with statues of Edward III. (who granted the corporation char- ter) ; Q.Victoria ; Dunning and Sir Michael Foster, Recorders of Bristol ; and of Colston and Wiiitbon, its benefactors, by Thomas, a Bristol sculptor. The building includes bankruptcy court and many rooms ; its merits are not very considerable. The Exchange, erected by John Wood of Bath, 1743, is but little fre- quented by the merchants, who meet at the Commercial Rooms. The in- terior is used as a corn-market. The General Post Office, erected in 1868-9, is in Small Street. The Commercial Booms serve as an exchange, and contain reading- rooms. They were built 1811, and are surmounted by statues, which represent the city of Bristol, Com- merce, and Navigation. On the same side of Corn Street is the W. of England and S. Wales Banh, a beautiful structure, completed 1858, W. B. Gingell and T. B. Ly- saght, architects. The fa9ade is a composition based on a study of the Library of S. Mark at Venice. The lower story is Doric, with an arcade of 5 arches, columns, and decorations emblematical of the city, the county, and S. Wales. The upper is Ionic, with rich capitals to the columns, and, in the 10 spandrels of the arches, as many life-size female figures, em- blematical of the elements and sources of wealth. On the entabla- ture is a sculptured frieze of boys coining, storing, and trading with money, and a number of shields bearing the arms of the towns in which the Company have branch establishments. In Queen Square, once occupied by families of the principal mer- chants, and now used by them as ofiices for business, stands a bronze equestrian statue of William III., by Byshrach, for which the artist re- ceived 1800L S. of the Square is the Floating Harbour and the Bathurst Basin. "The streets of Bristol are as crowded as London; but the best image I can give you of it is, as if Wapping and Southwark were ten times as big or all their people ran into London. Nothing is fine in it but the Square (set with trees), which is larger than Grosvenor Square, and well-builded, with a very fine brass statue in the middle of King William on horseback ; and the key (sic) which is full of ships and goes round half the square." — Pope in 1742. Bristol Boyal Infirmary. — Marl- borough Street. One of the largest hospitals in the kingdom, instituted in 1785. There are 20 wards and 250 beds. The number of in-patients in 1871 was 2579, and its out- patients were 20,540. It is sup- ported by subscriptions. Bristol General Hospital, one of the noblest buildings of the kind in the country. In 1845 Mr. Joseph Eaton, of the Society of Friends, otfered 5000Z. towards the erection of a new structure, on condition that another 10,000Z. were raised, and in 1850 this sum had been subscribed. The hospital was then commenced, Gloucest. Boute 6. — Pu\ hlic Buildings. 87 and in 1857 completed at a cost of about 15,000Z. ; W. B. Ginc/ell, archi- tect. The principal fronts are of blue Pennant stone, witli admixture of Bath stone, and rise from a base- ment of which the walls are slightly battered. This basement consists of warehouses which produce a revenue for the institution. The building is erected on a fire-proof system, and its 10 wards will accommodate 170 patients. It has colonnades for ex- ercise, and in the tower day-rooms for the convalescent, each with 5 windows which command extensive views. It has a steam-lift to the different floors. In the Baptist College, Stoke's Croft (N. part of Bristol), is preserved an original miniature portrait of Oliver Cromwell, said to be by Cooper, and was bequeathed to the College, 1784, by the Kev. Andrew Gifford, a Baptist minister. In the museum of this College is a rare early printed copy of Tyndale's edition of the New Testament, printed without the name of either place or printer, and a curious collection of Hindoo idols. Bed Lodge, near Park Street, long the residence of the learned physi- cian and author Dr. Frichard, is a curious old mansion, with carved staircase, internal porch, and hand- some chimney-pieces and ceilings. The Bristol Library (King Street), which is free to the public, is an institution of standing, has a chim- ney-piece carved in wood by Grin- ling Gibbons. It is especially rich in Hutchinsonian Divinity, and con- tains the books of Dr. Matthew, Bp. of Durham, a native of Bristol, who left them in 1614 for the free use of the citizens. Catcott's minerals and fossils, bequeathed 1 779, are pre- served here. The Masonic Hall, formerly the Bristol Institution, in Park Street, occupying an angle in the street, was designed by Coclcerell, and cost 11,000/. At the upper end of Park Street is the Blind Asylum, erected from designs of Dyer. The Bristol Museum and Library Society, formed by the union of the Bristol Institution with the Library Society, occupies a new and hand- some building in the Queen's Road. The library contains about 30,000 volumes. The entrance hall is adorned with many pieces of sculp- ture ; amongst th( m, the celebrated work of Baihj, R.A., — Eve at the fountain. The lower room has a fine display of preserved Mammalia and Birds, together with a collection of Skeletons and an extensive series of Reptiles and Fishes. The upper room, 100 ft. in length, contains the Invertebrata, Shells, Crustacea, In- sects, Corals, Sponges, &c. Nearly half of this compartment is occupied with a valuable Geological Collec- tion, illustrative of the geology of the Bristol district. The collection of Minerals comprises about 2700 speci- mens. This museum has enjoyed the advantage of the labours of several eminent Naturalists, including Mr. J. S. Miller, Mr. Stuclibury, and Mr. Etheridge, F.R.S. It is one of tlie richest and most instructive museums in the Provinces. The College of St. Uaphael, erected 1858-55 from the designs of Woodyer, in the Dec. style, consists of Alms- houses for seamen, founded by the Rev. Robert Miles. The front of the college is 150 feet in length. Victoria Booms, a handsome build- ing with Corinthian portico, in- tended for festive assemblies, con- certs, &c., as well as for public meetings of business. The great hall measures 117 ft. by 35, and is 47 ft, high. On the opposite side of the road is the Queen's Hotel. Bristol Fine Arts Academy, a richly decorated modern structure, has marble statues of Flaxman and Reynolds on the front. Here are 88 Boute 6. — Bristol : Eminent Natives ; Castle. Sect. I. 3 pictures by Hogarth, formerly in Redcliffe Ch. — the Entombment, Re- surrection, and Ascension — remark- able as the only paintings of religious subjects by the artist. To the 1. of Park Street, on the ascent to Clifton, rises Brandon Hill, to a height of 250 ft. It is a bit of open green or com- mon, surrounded by houses, but com- mands a fine view of Bristol, and of the country to the S., particularly of the Tump at Ashton Court, and of Dundry Hill, 700 ft. A footway to Clifton lies across it. It is a good example of " millstone grit," and bears the traces of a fort thrown up as a defence against Rupert. It is laid out as a park, and in an enclo- sure on the summit are two guns from Sebastopol. At the foot of the western slope stands Queen ElizabetJis Hospital, a large castellated building in the Tudor style, erected 1847. The charity was founded 1586 for the education of poor boys of this city and the manor of Congresbury. Bristol can boast of many emi- nent children : — the two Canynges^ ; Sebastian Cabot, son of a Venetian pilot, the discoverer of Newfound- land; TVilliam Grocyn, Greek Pro- fessor at Oxford, 1482, the friend of Erasmus ; Alderman Whitson, founder of the Redmaids' School ; Archbishop Toby Mathew, b. 1546 ; Admiral Sir William Penn ; Ed- tvard Colston, founder of the Free School which bears his name ; Chat- terton, born on Redcliffe Hill, 1752 ; Hannah More, who kept a school with her sister in Park Street, and died in Clifton ; the poet Southey ; Sir Thomas Lawrence ; Sir Francis Freeling, Bt., so long the head of the Post Office ; Baily, the sculptor; Miih lev, Ripingille ; and Bird, the painter, who resided in Bristol, and is buried in the cloisters of the cathedral. Many eminent modern artists, some of them living, such as Danhy^ Poole, Pyne, Knight, the Fripps, and Jack- son, belong to this city. At Bristol, also, Davy made his first appearance in the scientific world, under Bed- does. The first four-horse mail coach established in England commenced running in August 1784 lietween this city and the metropolis. The ' Great Western ' and the ' Sirius,' the first steamers that crossed the At- lantic, were built at and sailed from Bristol in 1838. The ' Great Britain,* the first steamer propelled by a screw, was also constructed here and sailed from this port in 1846. Bristol Castle, the principal strong- hold in the West of England, was destroyed by order of Cromwell, and its fortifications demolished, in 1655. It stood between the Avon and the Frome, and covered about an acre, occupying the isthmus which com- manded the entrance to the old town. Castle Street marks the site. Prin- cess Eleanor of Brittany was a close prisoner in it for 40 years, to prevent the succession to the throne becom- ing disputable in the event of her marrying. She died 1242. In 1642 Bristol was garrisoned for the Parliament, and batteries were thrown up on Brandon, St. Michael's, and Prior's hills. St. Michael's is still called " the Fort." In 1643 the city was stormed and taken by Prince Rupert. The breach, entered by Col. Washington,' was near Berkeley Square. Charles I. lodged in Small Street. In 1645 Lord Fairfax was quartered at Stapleton. He stormed Prior's Hill Fort, at the end of So- i merset Street, and Rupert, pressed by the plague and by want of provi- ' sions, surrendered at once. Charles, ' indignant at this, revoked all the Prince's commissions, and ordered him to leave the kingdom. In 1496 the elder Cabot, whose son was a native of Bristol, received a patent from Henry VI f., and sailed from hence, 1497, in the ' Matthew.' Gloucest. Boute 6, — Clifton — Gorge of tlie Avon, 89 He explored the coast of I^abrador about a year before Columbus saw the mainland. Bristol obtained the privileg-e of electing two burgesses in 1298 ; in 1374 it was made a county of itself. Queen Elizabeth extended the right of voting to the husband of every daughter of a burgess. Mr. Burke sat for Bristol in one parliament, 1774-80, and during that period made some of his most bril- liant speeches. At the close of one of them, his colleague, Mr. Cruger, a Bristol merchant, contented him- self with the remark, " 1 say ditto to Mr. Burke.*' In October, 1831, during the agita- tion excited through the country with the object of supporting the Grey ministry and enforcing the Reform Bill, Bristol was the scene of a dis- graceful riot. Two sides of Queen Square, including the Mansion House, were burned down, and pro- perty to the extent of 70,000/. de- stroyed, owing to a want of ordinary firmness in the civil and military authorities. Bristol Doclcs and the Floating Harbour were formed 1804-9 by changing the course of the river Avon, and placing locks in the old channel. The lower or entrance lock is at Rownham. Several of the roads by the water-side are known by the name of Back — as St. Augustine's Back, Redcliffe Back, &c. Bac is a Saxon word, and signifies the mov- able bridge of a ferry. Bristol was first connected with the peerage in 1622. Sir John Digby, who had been employed on various diplomatic embassies, and was created Lord Digby in 1618, was advanced to the dignity of Earl of Bristol on his embassy to Spain touching the marriage of Prince Charles. This title became extinct in 1698. In 1714 it was conferred on the first Lord Hervey of Ickworth, and was enjoyed by the eccentric Bishop of DeiTy, whose son was created, in 1826, Marquis of Bristol. Clifton, once a distinct village, is now an important suburb of Bristol, with more than 30,000 Inhab., where its merchants reside, removed from the smoke and din of the city. (Hotels: *Clifton Down H., facing the suspension bridge ; St. Vincent's Rocks ; The Queen's ; York.) It is much frequented as a summer resi- dence, and is remarkable for its strik- ing position overlooking the Gorge of the Avon, for the beauty of its villas, and the breadth ot its shaded roads. Among a labyrinth of streets, squares, and crescents, .ranged one over the other along the slopes, the most elevated and handsomest of all is York Crescent, above which, at the top of the hill, are the open downs, and the heights of St. Vin- cent, upon the verge of The * Gorge of the Avon, where "the river runs between rocks and a hang- ing wood ; a scene truly magnificent, and wanting nothing but clearer water ; the stream consists of liquid mud, and the gutter-like bed is hideous except when the tide is full, for it rises here not less than 30 ft." — Southey. The gorge has been com- pared by Bp. Thirl wall to the Vale of Tempe, on a small scale ; the river larger, but the rocks smaller. The name is taken from St. Vincent, the patron saint of hermits. The Avon is navigable for large vessels and steamers approaching the port of Bristol, and has a railway con- structed on each bank. It is indeed a most striking view to look down this chasm of about 600 ft. span, which separates Somer- setshire from Gloucestershire, upon the river winding at a depth of nearly 250 ft. below, with its ships, and steamers, and railway trains running beside it. 90 JRoute 6, — Clifton: Suspension Bridge ; Sect. I. At the spot where the passage is deepest aud most picturesque i8 a Chain Suspension bridge, having a span of 7U3 ft., at a height of 245 ft., the carriage-way being 20 ft. and the footways 5^ ft. wide. The bridge hangs from the chains by rods, 2 in. in diameter and 8 ft. apart, 81 on ea<*h side of the structure. This great undertaking was a desired pro- ject for more than a century. In 1754, Mr. Vicl?, a merchant of Bristol, left lOOOL to accumuhxte until it became 10,0()0L as a contribution towards the work. This fund, with local contri- butions, enabled the trustees to en- gage the services of Mr. Brunei, jun., who undertook the task. After an ex- penditure of nearly 50,000L in preli- minary works, the trustees refused to incur further responsibility, and the works stopped in 1852. In 1860 the cliains of the Hungerford Bridge over tlie Thames at London were purchased by a new company for 5000Z., and under the superintend- ing skill of Mes.srs. Hawkshaw and Barlow, C.E., this interesting and most useful structure was com- pleted. The chains are secured by solid masonry in chambers 75 ft. below the level of the bridge in the limestone rock on each side of the river. The roadway is formed of Baltic timber with planks over them placed in transverse direction. The gigantic proportions of this bridge may be realized by the fact that 500,000 cubic feet of masonry are comprehended in the pier on the Somersetshire side, which has its foundation 130 feet above the Avon, and has a height up to the roa-lway of the bridge 110 ft. "In all iron bridges, of whatever construction, it is necessary that provision should be made for the expansion or con- traction of the metal by heat and cold. How this is effected in the present case will be seen. Between a strongly -ribbed and massive cast- iron basement and the main saddle are interposed a double set of steel rollers, 4J in. diameter and 2 it. long, the two sets being arranged side by side in a frame, tiius giving a rolling surface of rather more than 4 ft. in breadth. These rollers allow of each saddle travelling to and fro upon its basement according to the expansion of the chains. To the main or lower saddle are attached the two lower chains ; above the main saddle is bolted an auxiliary or upper saddle, to which is attached the uppermost chain. There are, of course, four similar saddles, one for each set of chains at each tower ; rt-nd the weight of each, with base- ment, rollers, &c., complete, is about 30 tons. It has bet-n stated that each chain conssi&ts of several links arranged side by side, and this will be understood at once on inspection, where the p;irt of the chain attached to the saddle is shown as it would be viewed from above. It should also be remarked that the chains are rather stronger near the tow^ers than in the centre of the bridge ; the reason for which will be seen at once in the fact that in the centre the links have only to bear their share of the w^eight of the road, while at the ends they have also to bear the weight of the chains. To a certain ditstance from the towers, therefore, each chain is com- posed, breadthwise, of 11 links al- ternately with 12, while towards the centre there are only 10 alter- nating with 11. Why the number of links in the chains is alternately odd and even will be seen at once if three fingers be interlaced between four of the other hand; the links are arranged in a precisely similar manner." — Wright. The actual cost of this bridge has, no doubt, exceeded 100,000Z. ; but, for the consolation of the subscribers, although the Niagara bridge and that at Fribourg in Switzerland are of greater span, this is the longest and highest chain bridge yet con- Gloucest. Boute 6. — Leigh Court ; Hotwells, 91 structed, and its position over the liver is unrivalled. Abovethe Clifton pier of the bridge is an eminence, correspondiag to one on which the Somersetahire piei* is placed, and N. of this is a third promontory. All three are crowned by Komaii or British camps. The beautiful ravine between the two last {Boioer Walls and Stokeleigh Camp) in Leigh Woodsi is known ad Night- ingale Valley. 3 m. from the bridge is Leigh Court (Sir P. J. W. Miles, Bart.), erected in 1813, from designs by Hopper, well known for its gallery of pictures, which is shown to the public on Thursdays, but application must be made at the Bank in Cora Street a week before. " Passing through an extensive park, you come to the beautiful grounds, which are kept in the finest order, and to the splendid mansion built with great taste in the Italian style. Though my expec- tations of this collection had been raised very high, they were far ex- ceeded. I found in these apartments a series of capital works of the most eminent Italian, Flemish, Spanish, and French masters, which would grace the palace of any monarch." — Waagen. 2.i m. Ashton Court (Sir J. H. Greville Smyth, Bart.). 12 m. Clevedon. See Handbook for Sometsetshire. St. VincenVs Rocks are composed of the mountain limestone, which abounds in fossil remains ; and in its upper beds, wliere it mingles with the millstone grit, includes the crystals of quartz, which are sold under the name of Bristol Diamonds. Quarries have been formed in these clifis, so as to diminish their beauty, and cause Southey to accuse the Bristolians of " Belling the sublime and beautiful by the boatload." High up on the bold precipice is a cavern called the Giant's Hole^ from which an echo appears to issue when a shout is raised on the opposite bank. It mny be visited from the Ohi>ervaiory, by a flight of steps cut througli the solid rock. The strata have a southerly dip, but are much contorted. Bristol Port and Pier Ely. com- mences at the base of these rocks, pas.ses througli Shirehampton, 3f m. to the mouth of the Avon, 5^ m.; where there are docks for tiie recep- tion of ocean steamers and ships of large tonnage. The Clifton Club occupies the site of the old Royal Hotel on the Mall. Strangers are admitted by payment of a monthly subscription, or, if for a longer period period, by ballot. The club has a cotfee room. An easy zigzag load and wind- ing paths lead from the heights of Clifton down to the water-side. The Hotwells, a Grecian building, pulled down, 1871, stood at the river-side over a medicinal spring, which in spite of the name is only tepid or milk warm, being about 73° Fahr. It has little taste, and is not strong, its chief chemical ingredient being sulphate of soda, of which it contains only 2 grains in a pint. Tue Bristol Port and Pier Railway has a station here. St. Vincent's Terrace is a sheltered row of houses near the wells, but low and damp. Hannah More lived for some time, and died, 1834, at the age of 88, at 4, Windsor Teriace, over- looking the wells. She is buried at Wrington. Up the river is Rownham Ferry, a spot where persons may cross to visit Nightingale Valley in the Leigh Woods, and return by the suspension bridge. There is a very attractive Zoological Garden on Durdham Downs, a few minutes' walk from the Mall, near which is Clifton College, an educati- onal establisliment on the proprietary principle, similar to those at Marl- borough, Malvern, and Cheltenham. 92 Bout- 6. — Westbury -on-Trim— Blaise Castle, Sect. I. On the road fmm Clifton towards Sliirehanipton and Avonmouth 2 m. Redland Court, erected 1730 (Geo. O. Edwards, Esq.). The chapel, erected 1740, in the Italian fetyle, contains busts, by Ryshrach, of Mr. and Mrs. Cousins, and a fine painting of the Embalming of Christ, by Van- derhank. At the extremity of the hill, some way down the Avon, and high above its waters, is a picturesque tower, erected 1693, and ungraciously known as " Cook's Folly." It has been so called from a tradition that a person of the name of Cook was here shut up to escape the fulfilment of a dream which indicated death from a serpent. A viper entered with faggots lor the lire, and so inflicted the destined death-wound. The ivied tower rises prettily from the woods, and is im- proved in elfect by a castellated mansion which has been added to it. A good view of the scenery is obtained from Durdiiam Downs. Across the Downs is Stoke Bishop, so-called from having belonged to the bishops of Coutaiices, where is a ch. with a liighly decorated interior {Norton, architect), and a manor house in the Elizabetlian style. Stoke Bishop Park (J. B. Harford, Esq.), erected by Sir Robert Cann, ]669, was improved in 1778 by Sir H . Lippincutt, Bart. There is a fallen cromlech among the trees on the hill. The largest stone is 10 ft. in length by 5^ in width, and 2J in thickness. A pleasant walk by Stoke Abbey Farm, agabled Jacobean house, leads to Westbury -on - Trym, 4 m. N. W. from Bristol, a parish containing a nun\ber of well-built mansions. The E. E. Church has 'A aisles, to which a small chapel is attached ; its chancel terminates in a broad Perp. apse ; a clerestory of 6 lights on each side of a lofty nave, and a lofty pinnacled tower. Tliere is a very light and lofty Perp. arcade in the chapel of the N. aisle. It contains the etfigy of Carpenter, Bishop of Worcester, a native of the parish, by whom this ch. was erected (d. 1477), restored in excellent taste by Oriel College, of which he was Provost. Near the ch., a massive square tower and a small round one are the only remains of the college, denloli^hed at the Reformation, of which Cnnyngcs was Dean and WyclilF a Prebendary. The valley of tlje Trym presents a curious section of magnesian con- glomerate. Cote House (H. Ames, Esq.). Bur- field (R. H. Symes, Esq.) Old Sneyd ^ark (F. Tagart, Esq.). 4 J m. Kings Weston (F. N. Miles, Esq.), once the seat of the South- wells, one of Vanbrugh's best designs, stands in a situation rarely equalled for beauty and grandeur. Edward Southwell, Esq., was M.P. for Glou- cestershire, 1763-76, and in the latter year the barony of De Clifford was called from its abeyance in his favour. The view from Weston Ridge, 1 m. in length covered with the finest turf towards Severn and Avon, " ra- vish the senses with their beauty, and render this place one of the finest in the kingdom." By a road to the right from King's Weston Inn is reached, 1 m. Blaise Castle (J. C. Harford, Esq.), on tlie sumndt of a conical emi- nence, the site of a Roman outpost. It contains a fine collection of pictures, principally of the time of Raphael and Michael Angelo, ar- ranged with great taste in a gallery opening into a conservatory. Among them are — Seb. del Piombo, the Virgin grieving over the body of the deaii Saviour, a circular picture, painted on black marble — from tiie Barberini Palace; 2. The Holy Family, M. Venusti. — A copy of the Christ bound, by Seb. del Piombo ; — D. da Volterra, the Entombment ; — Correggio, excellent copies by his Gloucest. Route 6. — Blaise Castle — Henhury. 93 scholars of the Christ on the Mount of Olives, aad the Virgin and Child ; —Parmigiano. the Marriage of St. Catherine, "Worthy of his great model, Correggi's" Waagen; — 2. The Virgin and Child adored by SS. Margaret, Augustine, and Je- rome, a repetition of the altar-picture in the Gallery of Bologna; — Paul Veronese, the Dead Christ on the lap of the Virgin ; — L. Carracci, a copy of Correggio's St. Jerome in the Gal- lery at Partria ;—^rm. Carracci, a Riposo; — Guido Beiii, the Assump- tion, of the same period as the Mur- der of the Innocents in the Gallery at Bologna ; 2. The Crucifixion ; 8. An Ecce Homo ; Guercino, a Youth holding up a Bunch of Grapes; 2. Diana ; — Lan franco, Belisarius ; — Carlo Dolce, Christ and the Woman of Samaria ; ~G. Poussin, a Land- scape : — Salvator Rosa, two large po- etical Landscapes and three smaller Landscapes, one a Sea-shore scene of great transparency ; — Vandyck, a half-length Portrait of a Lady armed as Minerva; — Hohhema, a large Landscape ; — /. Vernet, View of a Sea-Coast ; 2. A Sea-piece, of his later time ; — Lawrence, Portrait of Mrs. Harford ; — Raphael, the Spa- simo, of which the original is in the Madrid Gallery. Drawing-room. — Guido Reni, St. Veronica, " of great power of colour- ing;*' — Tiarini, the Assumption; — Sdiidone. St. John the Evangelist ; — N. Poussin, a Landscape, highly po- etic and of fresh colour; — II Cava- liere d'Arpino^ Christ on the Mount of Olives ; — C. Procaccini, the Tri- bute Money ; — G. Poussin, a Storm ; 2. A Landscape ; — Salvator Rosa, a Sea-piece, in the style of the large Sea-pieces by this master in the Pitti Palace ; Carlo Dolce, an Ecce Homo ; 2. The Virgin, in profile. In the entrance-hall are casts of the Apollo Belvedere and Versailles Diana, and, in the conservatory, of some of the finest heads of the Antinous, and of the exquisite Diana of Gahii. The park of Blaise is remarkable for the beautiful undulations of the ground, which are thickly covered by the arbutus and other evergreens, and diversified by rocks. A lofty tower commands a view across the glittering surface of the Severn to the mountains of Wales, and a num- ber of walks lead to other points as delightful. On the hill is an en- campment with triple ramparts, and two deep ditches having two en- trances at opposite angles on the line of the ancient fosseway. The 10 thatched cottages built in 1810 from a design by Nash^ the beau-ideal of a village, — a retreat for aged domestics of the Harford family. The dwellings, a group of houses of dilferent styles, irregularly placed around a sloping lawn, have separate gardens and a common fountain in the centre of the green. Just beyond Blaise Castle Henbury, 5 m. from Bristol, from whence it can also be reached by another road throuirh Westbury. Henhury. The Church, a spacious building enlarged in 1833, is curious for the ^reat inclination of the chan- cel to the north of the line of the nave. Its general character is E. E., with some very good details ; there a e a few Dec. windows and some Perp. insertions, with many modern additions. It contains marble monu- ments to many opulent families, and especially those to Sir Robert South- i well, M.P., Envoy to Portugal and President to the Roval Socit ty (d. 1702), Edward Lord*^De Clitlord (d. 1777), and a beautiful piece of modern sculpture in memory of Mrs. Harford Battersby, of Stoke Park. Near the ch. are the remains of an old chapel dedicated to St. Blaze, a martyr, the patron saint of wool- combers. The Court (Edw. Sampson, Esq.). 5 m., Shirehampton Village, near 94 Boute 6a.— Bristol to Thornhury. Sect. I. to the Avonmouth, much resorted to | by holiday seekers and visitors on account of its sheltei ed and salutary position on the Avon. The Port and Pier Ely. from the Hotwells has a station in it, and public conveyances by land run several times during the day. (Hotels : Lamplighters ; Avon- mouth ; The George.) Penpole Poiiit, which commands extensive views of the anchorage at King's Eoad, and the Somei setshire banks of the Avon, and Shirehamp- ton village below, should be visited. Here is shown a rocky seat on which the Giant Goram slept whilst his rival, the Giant Vincent, rent the rocks for the Avon to pass into the sea. Penpole House (Cruger Miles, Esq.). EOUTE 6a. BRISTOL TO THORNBURY, BY YATE JUNCTION. Branch Eail, 8 m. From Bristol to Yate is described in Ete. 6. IJ m. Iron Acton arid Frampton Station. The village of Iron Acton is so called from iron works that once existed in this parish. The Church, a good specimen of Perp. architec- ture, contains a memorial of Eobert Poyntz, by whom the building was erected. In the course of restoration in 1879, some curious stone slabs, once covering graves of the Poyntz family, were discovered. In the churchyard is a preaching-cross, admired for its beauty of design and its harmonious proportions. It is composed of two stages raised on a platform of three octagonal steps. One of its arches nearer the church appears to have been intended as an entrance, the other three having stone work across them. The space inside is nearly 6 ft. in the clear. The finely-carved pinnacle is nearly gone. The cross is qua irilateral, liaving on e^ch side two shields, two of which are heraldic, and bear the arms of Poyntz impaling Fitznicol, two are blank, and the others contain the emblems of the Passion, viz., N., a pillar in form of a cross between two knotted scourges, with handles enct; S., a spear and staif tipped with a sponge between a hammer and pair of pincers ; E., a ladder erect, a man s vest, an(i three dice ; W., a passion cross, sur- mounted by a crown of thorns. The erection of this unique pile is attri- buted to Eobert Poyntz, Esq., Lord of the Manor, wdio died in the reign of Henry YI. This was the chief seat of this family until the reio:n of Chas. I. Leland found a " goodly house and two parks by the house, one of redde dere another of lallow." The brook Laden, on joining another small stream from Dodding- ton, forms in this parish the river Frome, which flows through Framp- ton to Bristol. 2 m. S.W. Frampton Cotterell, in which parish a hat manufactory and the raiding of haematite iron, which is found in considerable (juantity, give employment to the larger por- tion of the inhabitants. 5 J m. Tytherington Stat. At Stid- cote, in this parish, a Eoman tessel- lated pavement was discovered, and tumuli exist on Alveston Down. "To the S. of Tortworth the formation of the carboniferous lime- stone is thrown up in a horse-shoe Gloucest. Boute 6a. — Thornhury : Castle. 95 outline, rising from beneath the millstone grit and coal measures of Cromhall into rocky masses, for the most part well-wooded The dislo- cations it has been subjected to are wortliy of notice. It is broken into a number of distinct masses by transverse dish)calions, which have the strata in each mass often dip- I^ing at different angles, and fre- quently in opposite directions : such phenomena are observable alonj^ the ridge from Tortworth Lodge to Tytherington ; and in the rocky grounds S. of Cromhall Park is so dislocated as to form sometimes double troughs, while near Tythe- rington it rises like a wall from beneath the Cromhall coal-field. In this range, its upper part contains a subordinate band of reddish sand- stone, the firestone of the country people." — Murchison. A very inte- resting section of this formation is disclosed in the cutting leading to the tuimel. 7 m. Grovesend Stat. At Milbury Heath some quarries of the old red sandstone are to be seen. 8 m. Thornhury Stat. {Inn: Swan) (Pop. 2076), a market-town of very early date, consists of three streets in the form of the letter Y? " having," as Leiand observes, "first one long strete and two homes goyne out of it." It possesses a Grammar School, founded in 1642 by Wm. White, a woollen-draper of the town. The manor belonged to Brictric, a Saxon thane, who had in early life refused to marry Maud, afterwards Queen of William I. On becoming King of England, William conferred these estates on his wife, who availed herself of the opportu- nity to ruin the man who had de- clined her love. On the death of the queen it was granted by William Kufus to Fitz-Hamon, with whose heiress, Margaret, daughter of Andley, Earl of Gloucester, it passed to Ralph Lord Stafford, whose descendant was created Duke of Buckingham. Edward, the last Duke of this family, one of the richest and most powerful nobles of the court of Henry VIII., fell a victim to the jealousy of Wolsey for alleged treason in 1521, he having " Heated a furnace for his foe so hot That it did singe himself." The insolence of the Duke in throwing the water from the King's ewer into the shoes of Wolsey, is the supposed origin of his misfor- tunes. Thornhury Cadle. Upon the site of an ancient cas- tle this unfortunate nobleman de- signed to erect a castellated palace of peculiar magnificent and archi- tectural beauty, uniting the conve- nience of a residence with tne secu- rity of a stronghold which " would have been glorious, if finished. Its front bears a remarkable resem- blance to Christchurch, Oxford, and favours the supposition of a rivalry in architecture between the duke and the cardinal. The situation is fine, for all the windows of the great apartment look into the inner court." It was commenced in 1511, and the duke frequently lesided in the habitable parts of it, and accord- ing to Stowe " made a faire park hard by the castle, and tooke much ground into it very fruitful of corne, now fair land for coursing.*' It is a most interesting ruin, the plan of the building, as far as executed, is a western gateway opening into a very extensive outer court, which was the farmyard, surrounded by the stables and other similar buildings, accord- ing to the custom of the period; a large octangular corner tower flank- ing the S. front, still perfect, but open to the air; the W. unfi- nished front extending 205 ft., con- taining parts of four large and two small towers. A more complete ex- ample of the plan and arrangement 96 Boutel. — Bristol to Chepstow and South Wales. Sect. I. incidental to the first style of the Tudor architecture does not exist, more especially in the magnificent bay-windows of the state apartments, and the chimneys of moulded brick, curiously wrought into spiral co- lumns, the bases of which are charged with the cognizance of the family and the Stafford Knot, The date, Anno Christ i 1514, executed in brick, appears in raised characters at their base. One of the towers is called *' Buckingham's plotti7ig closet." The scroll over the gateway bears this inscription : — " 2'his Gate was begon in the yere of our Lorde Gode MCCCCOXI. The ii. yere of the Reyne of Kynge Henri the VIII. By me, Edw. Due of BUKKINGHA, ERlle of Har- forde, StafForde, ande Northampto. — Dors ne na vaunt." Edward Duke of Norfolk pur- chased this castle and manor from the last Earl of Stafford, and settled them on the second son of Henry Howard, Esq. This building was fortified by the Royalists in the (Jivil Wars, since which period it had been gradually becoming dilapidated, until several apartments were restored in 1847 by Henry Howard, of Grey stoke Castle, Esq., whose second son, E. Stafford Howard, Esq., M.P., now makes it his residence. The Churchy a handsome building in Perp, style, now roofed, and re- stored in 1848, consists of a lofty nave, aisles, chancel, and a tower ornamented with open-work battle- ments and pinnacles of a rich and unusual excellence. The clere- story windows and the interior of the tower were exposed to view during the restoration. The chancel window was filled with stained glass at the cost of the late Vicar : the W. window is in memory of Mr. Lloyd. The N. and S. doors are of an earlier date; sedilia of Dec. work. The font is an interesting specimen of transition from Norm, to Ear. Eng. An altar-tomb to Sir John Stafford, who was during 47 years a Gentle- man Pensioner to Queen Eliz. and James I., and Governor of Bristol Castle (d. 1624); tablets to Edw. Duke of Norfolk (d. 1777), and Lord H. T. Howard (d. 1824). The lock of the S. door is an interest- ing production of mediaeval times. Kington Grove (W. O. Maclaine, Esq.), Thornhury Parfe (Miss Church- ill). 2 m. N.W. Oldhury-on-Severn, the Trajecfus of the Itinerary. Here are two camps, one of them extensive and quadrilateral, with a double bank and ditch. The other is of less extent, and now partly occupied by the church. It is said that the old font of this church is to be found in the gardens of Thornbury Castle. If this is so, it is to be hoped it may some day be replaced. ROUTE 7. BRISTOL TO CHEPSTOW AND SOUTH WALES, BY THE NEW PASSAGE. By Railway and Steam Ferry. Bristol, although having access to S. Wales by its railway connection througli Gloucester, -'and possessing an increasing commerce by aid of vessels trading with every port in the Channel, craves for a shor er and continuous communication with the Principality, by whicli the cost and Gloucest. Bte, 7. — Stajpleton Boad — Ashley Down Asylum. 97 risR of transhipment would be avoided. Towards the accomplish- ment of this object, this rly., known a;s the Bristol and S. Wales Union, was opened in 1863. The erection of a bridge over the Severn has been abandoned, and the construction of a tunnel under the " English Stones " to Kogiet near Port Skeweit has been sanctioned by Parliament. The es- timate for this great undertaking is 750,000?., of which 8O,O00L is for the earthworks, 472,800Z. for the tunnel, 50,850Z. for the permanent way, and the re.-^idue for lands, buildings, and contingencies. Passengers are carried over the Severn by powerful steamers at the New Passage. The utmost width of the river at high water at this spot does not exceed 450 yards. This rly. commences at the Stat, of Gt. Western, and is carried under the Midland line at Upper Easton. 1 m. Lawrence-hill Stat. A short distance from this station the parish of St. George commences (Inhal>., 12,507). The population are em- ployed in manufactories of almost every description, and in the culti- vation of market gardens. Having bridged the river Frome, the line is carried over the adjacent meadows, and, by a gradual ascent of 150 ft., to 2 m. Stapleton Road Stat. This parish, once a Roman station, is now a suburb of Bristol. It contains many good mansions and villas, and acres of market gardens. The Court, the residence of the late Bp. Monk, has been purchased by the trustees of Edward Colston's (the Philanthro- pist) School, and the house enlarged for the purpose of educating 120 | boys of the vicinity on that founda- tiim. A house used as the Free School is the birthplace of Hannah More. The Church, a handsome building in Dec. stvle, consisting of chancel, i [6?., If .'a; if.] ' nave, aisles, with a tower and spire 180 ft. in height, was erected circ. 1856, at the cost of Bishop Monk and Sir G. H. Smythe, Bart. Sta- pleton House (Mrs. Harford). Stoke House, 1 m. N. of Staple- ton Road Station, occupies a very commanding position on the summit of a steep hill, resembling that of Windsor Castle, except in the extent and superiority of its views. It is a seat of the Duke of Beaufort, in a very extensive park, erected in the reign of Elizabeth by Sir Richard Berkeley. It was much injured in the Rebellion, and restored in a cas- tellated form by Lord Botetourt, circ. 1760. Ashley Down Asylum for Orphans, a large mass of buildings covering several acres of land, commenced in 1849, and raised and completed by the sole energy of " George Miiller." This institution which has excited the admiration of all philanthropists, at present contains 1100 orphan chil- dren of botli sexes, who are clothed, fed, and educated from earliest in- fancy. The establishment is without any permanent endowment, and is in fact dependent on the daily oflferings of the charitable, obtained by prayer." The qualification for admission is that the child should be born in wedlock and that the parents should be both dead. Ex- cursionists can visit this asylum on Wednesdays and Thursdays. Cab- fare from Bristol Rly. Stats. 28. 6d. 3 m. from Stapleton Road, beyond Stoke Park, lies Frenchay, a modern village, containing houses of fair size, built of freestone, and presenting a pleasing appearance. An immense petrifaction in the form of a mussel, weighing 2 tons, taken from a quarry at Downend, is placed at the E. end of the common. 2^ m. Hortield Stat. The village on the left of tiie line has barracivs for troops and is tlie head-quarters of the Regimental District No. 28. It H 98 Boute 7. — Bristol to Chepstow — Almondshury, Sect. I. is the depot for the Gloucester- shire Territorial Kegiment, consisting of the old 28th and 61st Eegiments of the Line and the Eoyal North and Koyal Sonth Gloucester Militia Re- giments. The head-quarters of the 4th Battalion, or Royal North Glouc. Militia, is, however, stationed at Cirencester. 4i m. Filton Stat. Part of the Nar- roways Hill is excavated to a depth of nearly 60 ft. for a distance of 260 yds. Shells and fossils abound in the limestone and blue lias of the locality. 6J m. Patchway Stat. Convey- ances to Thornbury meet every train. The rly. here crosses the old main road between Bristol and Glou- cester, 2 m. along which is A Iveston Down or Ridge. " The limestone here is in part of oolitic structure, and contains several well- known fossils. Where it is in con- tact with the old red sandstone, the whole mass, for a width or 20 or 30 paces, has been powerfully aiFect- ed, and is full of vertical joints and fissures. We may conclude that volcanic rocks, either rising to the surface or struggling to emerge, threw up the band of elevated Silurian rocks which has been traced in an anticlinal form from the valley of Woolhope.*' — >S^7. Sys. {Inn: The Ship.) From this spot an extensive view is obtained over the Severn valley to the mountains of Wales. Near the end are tumuli^ and at the Old Abhey an extensive encampment. Near this spot stone coffins have been disinterred, supposed to have contained the remains of British or Saxon chiefs slain in some of the many engagements in this locality. The Elms (Major Charlewood). 2 m. from Patchway Stat, on rt. of the line, Almondshury (2000 Inhab.), the burial-place of Alcmond, father of King Egbert ; or Almodes Court, Le.y a place of assembly. The hill, a huge mass of rock, is noted for its extensive view and for an entrench- ment of Roman work in connection with Blaize Castle and Elberton. Lead and copper ore have been found, but in quantities too small for the remuneration of the diggers. On the slope of the hill, protected by noble trees, is Knole Park (S. Vere Hare, Esq.), the seat of the Chesters from 1560 to 1800, when it passed to their relatives, the Master family of Cirencester. " The park for natural beauties can hardly be sur- passed even in England. A stately tower, erected on the highest ground, commands the whole bay of the Severn, the mouth of the Avon, and the Welsh mountains." — Waagen. The Church, principally E. E., is a large cruciform building, with a tower, surmounted by an octagonal spire, rising from the intersection of the nave and transept. Portions of Ang. Norm, may be traced. The E. window, filled with good stained glass in memory of Dr. Gray, Bp. of Bristol, buried here 1836. In S. transept is a tomb with full-length figures of a man and wife, in cos- tume of the age, for Edward Veell, Esq., and Mrs. Katherine Yeell, 1577. In the N. transept a pyra- midical monument of variegated marble, with a female figure repre- senting Grief, to Thomas Chester, Esq., M.P. (d. 1763), with a record of his ancestry ; a monument for the Dowells of similar magnitude ; and a tablet quaintly inscribed (erected 1712), by a French refugee to two of his children. An ancient barn near the ch. deserves notice from its size, strength, and form of construction. At the 8th mile from Bristol the rly. passes between Knole Park on rt. and Over Court on 1. (R. Cann Lippincott, Esq.). The latter is a little removed from the line. Compton Greenfield on left of the line. Hollywood (Sir J. F. Davis, Bt., K.C.B.) ; a fine mansion, in a park well filled with timber. Gloucest. Boute. 7. — Elherton Camp — New Passage, 99 At a short distance from Patch way Stat, the rly. is carried through a tunnel nearly f m. in length, a Avork of tedious duration, cut through millstone grit and mountain lime- stone; beyond which is the Over cutting, 800 yds. long, and in some parts 93 ft. deep, in which may be noticed the junction of the lias and new red sandstone, and the existence of numerous organic remains, in- cluding the earliest traces of mam- malia. '* In making this traverse, it was necessary to cut through a ridge of carboniferous limestone. In one part the strata are subject to very great contortions ; in others there are broken bands of coal thrown about in an extraordinary way. The whole of these highly-inclined strata are surmounted by new red sandstone. There is an enormous amount of cal- careous and other grits, which seem to form a regular part of mountain limestone, and also large red masses, evidently formed by concretion." — Murchison. 9 m. Pilning Stat. On rt. 3J m. Olveston Church, Norm, with Perp. aisles and embattled tower. A Brass to Sir Walter Dennys, once lord of the manor, is in good preservation. Fern Park (W. H. Harford, Esq.). Oahleaze (Sir C. H. T. Cuyler, Bart.). Tockington House (H. P. Thompson, Esq.). Tockington Manor (Captain Salmon). 4 m. N. Elherton Camp^ near Olveston, of Roman construction, to give protection to the Aust ferry and the pass over the marsh to it, is a parallelogram with 2 broad and lofty mounds with a ditch between them, now covered with coppice wood. 2 m. N. at Oldhury is another camp of same era, near the Severn. The church occupies the top of its steep and entrenched eminence. Shephar- dine House (empty 1882). 6 m. Aust. 1 m. beyond Elherton and 2J m. to the rt. of the line. In the ch. is a large monument to Sir Samuel Astry, well known in legal circles previous to the reign of Queen Anne. Wickliff held the prebend of Aust, in the collegiate church of Westbury - on - Trim, to- gether with the living of Lutter- worth in 1374. St. Augustine is re- presented to have held a conference with the British bishops as to the proposed introduction of Romish forms, in the year 603, under an oak standing on the limits of the territory of the Hwiccii and West Saxons. This famous tree has been claimed by many localities. Lingard sug- gests that it stood at a place after- wards known as " Austin's Oak," which is Aust Clive on the Severn. A Roman vicinal road, branching from the Acman Street, ran through Kingswood to this ferry. Aust Cliff contains a remarkable "bone-bed," well known to geologists, in which insect wings have been discovered ; and dispersed along its shores are masses of gypsum of a fibrous quality, and not sufficiently pure to be used in the manufacture of plaster-of- Paris. This escarpment presents a fine section of those remarkable alterna- tions of shales and marls, now known as Rhsetic or "Pennarth Beds," with their accompanying bone-bed, of which there is another example at Garden Clilf, Westbury. Aust Passage (Trajectus Augusti) has been a crossing - place of the Severn from Roman to modern times. It is 1 J m. across to Beachley at high water, but it is now practically super- seded as a ferry by 11 m. New Passage. (Railway Hotel.) A regular communication, 2 m., is maintained by well-appointed steamers with the opposite side, where a branch line has been con- structed for the conveyance of pas- sengers to and from the S. Wales Rly. Stat, at Portskewet, A pier j has been constructed on each bank ' H 2 100 Boute S.— Bristol to of the Severn, and the steamers are specially adapted for a daily encoun- ter with the eccentric and dangerous currents they have to cross. By this route Chepstow Castle, Tintern Abbey, and the Wyndclitf can be visited from Bristol during the day ; and tourists on the Wye can reach Bristol without having to encounter a long journey through Gloucester. The ferry at the New Passage has existed from time ipimemorial, and was suppressed by Cromwell from the following occurrence. Charles I., on leaving Eaglan, being unexpec- tedly pursued by a strong party of the enemy, rode through Shire-Newton, and crossed the Severn to the Glou- cestershire side at this ferry. The boats had scarcely returned, before a corps of 60 Republican cavalry arrived at the Black Rock in pur- suit, and with drawn swords com- pelled the boatmen to ferry them across. The crews, being Royalists, left them on a reef called the English Stories, which is separated from the Gloucestershire shore by a lake ford- dable at low water; but the tide, having just before turned, flowed in with great rapidity, and the sol- diers all perished in attempting to cross. Cromwell, informed of this event, abolished the ferry, and it was not again used until 1747. The re- newal occasioned a law-suit between its owner, Mr. Lewis of St. Pierre, and the guardians of the Duke of Beaufort, in the progress of which inquiry evidence was adduced which fully establislied the pre-existence of the ferry, and the above interesting historical anecdote. — Foshroke. Beyond the ferry is Portskewet Junct. Stat, whence lines branch rt. to Chepstow Stat., 1. to Newport and Caediff. (^ee Hand- hook of South Wales.) the Forest of Dean. Sect. I. ROUTE 8. BRISTOL OR GLOUCESTER TO THE FOREST OF DEAN, BY BERKELEY ROAD STATION — SHARPNESS BRIDGE— LYDNEY— SPEECH HOUSE AND LYDBROOK- ON -WYE.— (Mid- land Railway.) 4 trains daily in about 2 hours to Lydbrook, 3 trains to Coleford. Koute 6 describes the journey from Bristol or Gloucester to Berkeley Boad Stat. The Forest of Dean derives its name probably from the Saxon (iene, a valley — "The queene of forests all that west of Severn lie. Her broad and bushy top Deane lifteth up so hie, The lesser are not seen, she is so tall and large." Drayton, 7. It contains 35,000 acres of territory, beautifully picturesque in its appear- ance, interspersed with deep valleys and rising grounds, having the finest specimens of timber, adorning the prospects with verdant and varied foliage : orchards also abound in this locality, producing cider of excellent quality. It is computed to contain 48 square miles of minerals, includ- ing coal, iron-ore, ochre, lime, paving and building stone. The l3eds of unworked coal have been deemed sufficient for 600 years' duration. The coal is found at a comparatively slight depth, and produces a very intense heat, well adapted for the purpose of smelting. The stone is composed of a red grit, acquiring hardness by exposure to tlie weather, and used for all kinds of buildings. GLOUCEST.E^e. 8. — Forest of Bean — Sharpness — Speech House. 101 Iron-ore was manufactured into burs in this forest from a very early period. The Abbot of Flaxley was possessed of a forge by grant from Henry XL, and was allowed 2 oaks weekly for the supply of it — a pri- vilege commuted in 1258 for Abbot's Woodf of 872 acres, held ))y the abbey till the Dissolution. In 1282 72 forges were leased from the Crown, and the iron manufactured here has always been esteemed of an excellent quality. The soil is generally a stiff clay, deep and miry in winter, dry and parching in summer. " The number of coal- works in the forest in 1856 was 221, yielding in that year to the public use 460,432 tons. The yield of iron-mines for the same period was 109,268 tons." — Nicholls, In former times the Forest was well stocked with fallow deer, limited to 800, but, owing to poaching, their number had become much reduced by the early part of the present century. After the enclosures were effected they again increased in number, and in 1840 they were 800 as before, but from that time they became again reduced, and in 1850 were all destroyed. The scenery of the Forest of Dean is now easily reached from Bristol by this route. The line to Lydney Junction branches off from the Mid- land main line at Berkeley Road between Gloucester and Bristol, crossing the Severn by the Great Bailway bridge at Sharpness and conveying the tourist to Lydbrook Junction on the Wye (see Rte. 6), passing near Coleford on the way. From Lydney Junction the passen- ger can join the G. W, R. main line, and from Lydbrook Junction he can proceed either towards Monmouth on the west, or Ross on the east. A pleasant week may be spent in the Forest of Dean, making the Speech House Hotel headquarters, or the Severn Bridge Hotel at Sharpness, should the former be full. Berkeley Stat, is close to the town and Castle — described in Route 6. 3 m. further the train reaches Sharpness Stat. Inn: Severn Bridge Hotel, good, belongs to the Railway Company, has pleasant grounds adjoining. The seaport of Sharpness stands on the 1. bank of the Severn Estuary, at the mouth of the Gloucester Ship Canal, 16 m. long. Here are Docks and a Basin of 20 acres area, acces- sible to si lips of 3000 tons. It stands at the E. extremity of the Great Severn Bridge, erected by the Midland Rail- way Company at a cost of 200,000L It consists of 22 arches, the widest of 327 ft. space, with a swing bridge 200 ft. wide over the canal. It is 4162 ft. long. The roadway is 70 ft. above high -water mark, and the tide rises here 30 ft. Severn Bridge Stat, is at the W. end of the Great Railway bridge. Here our line turns S. and runs parallel with the Severn and with a branch of Great Western Railway. Lydney Junction Stat. Lydney Town Stat, (see Route 4). Parhend Stat. Branch to Coleford, a small thriving town in a rich coal-mining district (Inn : Angel). The Buckstone is about 2 m. from this. Branch railway to Redbrook Stat. Speech House Road Stat., about halfway between Sharpness and Lydbrook Junction, 2 m. from Cole- ford on the W. and about a mile from the Speech House Lm on the E. The King*s Lodge, or Speech House Inn, was erected 1678, for holding courts for the adjustment of disputes relating to mines and other matters connected with the rights of the Forest. Here the 4 verdurers (so called from their duty to preserve the vert — i.e, the green woods and venison) are chosen by the freeholders of the county. These verdurers used 102 Boute 9.— Cirencester to Bath, Sect. I. to have an annual fee of a buck and a doe ; and they still attend a Court of Attachments held quarterly at the Speech House. There is no more convenient centre from which to explore the Forest of Dean than the Speech-House Inn, where the tourist can make, if he please, comfortable head-quarters for several days of pleasant walks and drives. 1. Starting by rail to Lydbrook Junction he may enjoy a beautiful walk from thence to Coldwell Eocks by a path from the railway station, and on to Symond's Yat. Taking a boat here, he may enjoy the very best part of the Wye, land at Slaughter, and ascending by a wooded path to the famous " double view " and the Buckstone, descend to Cole- ford and take an evening train home ; or he may descend to Bedhrook Stat, on the Chepstow and Monmouth line. 2. From Bedhrook Stat, the tourist may find a pleasant walk to High Meadow, Newland, and Coleford, and across the forest home to the Speech House. 3. To the High Beeches, descend- ing to Cannop Bridge and turning to the right, a somewhat steep path leads up by the Worcester Lodge, which is passed on the left, into the Coleford and Nailbridge road. Tak- ing this and going to the rt. we shortly come to High Beeches, 5 very fine trees, which are a conspi- cuous landmark. Proceeding by Christ Church and Bicknor the tourist finds himself at the Yat. The road descends to the left on to the ferry and the railway station. At Symond's Yat Stat, (small Inn, but clean, close to Stat.), after climb- ing to the summit of the Yat and en- joying the view (see Koute 38), an hour or two may be spent at the Lady Park Cave, which is shown for a fee of sixpence, and approached by a series of ladders. It has pro- bably been at some period an old iron-work. Crossing the ferry by the Great Doward and Seven Sisters to King Arthur's Hall, there is another old iron mine, and down again to Symond's Yat Station, from whence the afternoon can be spent at Good- rich, via Kerne Bridge Stat., if the traveller pleases. 5. To Danby Beeches, Blackpool Bridge, and Littledean, and home by Foxes Bridge. A little beyond Speech House Stat, the rly. sends off a branch to Cinderford Stat. Our line runs on to Lydbrook Lower Stat. Lydbrook Junct. Stat, on the Wye, (described in Route 38).* ROUTE 9. CIRENCESTER TO BATH, BY TETBURY [BADMINTON]. By Road. 33 miles. The Roman road, called Acman Street, between Corinium Castruro and Aquae Solis (Bath) from the second milestone from Cirencester for a distance of 3 m., and twice fur- ther west for shorter distances, is the boundary line between the counties of Gloucester and Wilts. It may still be traced in a perfectly straight line to the point at which it leaves * For the details about the forest we re- i commend to the tourist Bellow's Week's Holi- day in the Forest of Dean, in a pocket form with a map on a large scale. Price Qd. Gloucest. Boute 9. — Thames Head — Bodmarton. 103 the county at Shire Stones in the parish of Marshfield, q. v. 3 m. G. W. K. crosses the road by a bridge just before reaching which At a spot on rt., called Thames Head from the earliest times, that celebrated river is considered to have its earliest flow, though a similar honour is claimed for seven springs in the parish of Cubberly. Several springs rise here, but there is one stream, pure as crystal and tasteless, which runs into a small tank — this would be the Thames, but owing to a powerful pump, which works night and day, this water is discharged into the canal at the rate of 250 gallons per stroke. "Isis," writes Leland, " riseth a iii myles from Cirencestre, not far from a village cawlled Kemble, within half a mile of the Fosse way, betwixt Ciren- cestre and Bath." Its junction with the Churn makes it navigable at Cricklade for barges of small tonnage, and at Lechlade it unites with the river Lech and the Thames and Severn Canal. J m. from the ri;^ht of the road at the Thames Head is a Koman camp with a deep foss and a single mound, called Trewshury Castle. On digging a v^ell, pottery of Romano - British origin was found. This spot is con- jectured to have been one of the Castra Exploratoria of the Romans. Trewshury House (A. Cator, Esq.). 4 J m. Jackaman s Bottom. At this place the road leaves the Acman Street, and follow^ a course for the rest of this route at some distance to the right of it. From this bifurcation 2 m. r. RodmartoTL^ i.e., Rood meer ton, the boundary at the Holy- rood. It is considered to have been an advanced Roman Station from Cirencester. In a.d. 366, when the Picts and Scots broke in on the Roman territory, a garrison was placed here to give early notice of the approach of the enemy to the soldiers at Corinium. In 1636 a tes- sellated pavement was found, with brass coins of Antoninus and Valen- tinian. An Abbey of Benedictine monks was founded at Hasledon, in this parish, by R. de Waleric, in A.D. 1140, of which the Grange re- mains ; within the E. porch is this inscription : — Anno Dni MCCXC : Henrici ABBATIS IX. fuit istum constructum. The church — restored in 1862 — is Ear. Eng., curiously arranged, with many tablets and brasses in good pre- servation. Samuel Lysons, F.R.S. (d. 1819), Keeper of the Tower Records, and Rev. Daniel Lysons (d. 1834), joint editors of Magna Britannia, were born in the Rectory House. In the chancel is a brass of John Ed- wards, a lawyer and lord of the manor (1461). The old manor-house of Tarleton, now a farm, retains proofs of its former importance. [A road from Jackaman's Bottom to the left reaches in 3 miles Crud- well. The Church has an aisle running N. and S., under a western tower. A window in the N. wall con- tains some old glass, representing five of the Seven Sacraments. The large figure of Christ, showing the prints of the nails, seems not to be in situ, and other parts of this glass have been wrongly placed. In the smaller lights are the arms of Hun- gerford. There is also a window of modern glass representing the Ascension. Over the porch is t parvise. The clerestory and S. side of the ch. are Ear. Perp. Two highly - polished and well- wrought flint celts, 10 in. in length, were turned up in an arable en- closure in 1863. From Crudwell the traveller may reach Charlton Park (see p. 141) or Tetbury.] At 7i m. from Cirencester a cross road to the rt. leads to Cherrijigton Park, belonging to the George lamily. 104 Bouie 9. — Tetbury —Shipton Moigne, Sect. T. The small church has some Ear. Eng. portioDS, with insertions of later date. In 1644 a severe skirmish happened between the Royalists under Lord Hopton and troops under Sir W. Waller, in which the former were routed with great loss. The small park, with a Ijerd of fallow deer, has been imparked from a very early period. J m. W. of Cherrington, Avening (Pop. 2330), which is reached down a steep hill from the middle of Cher- rington village. The church, an ancient cruciform pile, has a low tower, some Dec. portions, with some of earlier date. There is a monu- ment in the N. transept for Hon. John Brydges, son of Lord Chandos of Sudeley, who died a.d. 161.5. On the summit of a tumulus is a large frag- ment of rock, — a sepulchral monu- ment, known as the Tingle-stone. Dr. Frampton, rector of the ch., appointed Bishop of Gloucester 1681, was one of the clerical Non-jurors. Dr. Bull, another rector, became Bishop of St. David's in 1705. The Court (C. C. Hopkinson, Esq.). 10 m. Tethury (Inhab. 2419) (White Hart; Talbot), situated on an emi- nence over the Lower Avon, which rises J m. from the town. A sprinti: passes at the foot of Newnton hill and divides the counties. The town consists of four principal streets, paved and lighted, meeting in the centre of the market-place, where large quantities of corn are sold. It is a convenient centre for those wishing to hunt with the Duke of Beaufort's hounds. The Anglo- Saxons had a castle at Tettebeig, amongst the ruins of which coins of the Emperor Hadrian and fragments of arms have been frequently found. In 1610 Sir William Romiiey, Kt., alderman of London, founded a gram- mar school here, with directions that tlie scholars should be " taught to read, write, and cast accounts " free of charge. The old church was replaced in 1781, witii the exception of the tower and its graceful spire, at a cost of 6000L, by the present building, which appears externally as a nave with cloisters, but is divided into aisles by a light arcade and clustered columns, the roof being constructed on the principle of the Theatre at Oxford. In the cloister wall of the N. aisle, carved in stone, are the armorial bearings of the Gastrells. In the chancel is the monument of the above Sir Wm. Rom- ney. On the N. wall is a tablet for^ R. Talboys (d. 1666). In the cloisters are two stone effigies ; one of a Crusader, intended for Lord de Braos (d. 1445), and another member of his family. A tablet in the W. cloister has this inscription : " In a vault underneath are several of the Saunders's, late of this parish. Par- ticulars the last day will disclose — Amen." No remains of the Cistercian priory, founded here in the 12tli centy., are to be seen, but its site is supposed to have been where the' Priory mansion stands. Priori) (Baron A. de Brienen.) Elmstree House (Frank Henry, Esq.). Upton House (General Sir A. Little, K.C.B.). 2 m. S. from Tetbury, on the Malmesbury road, Long Newnton. The modern ch. contains Brasses of John Eston, rector (d. 1503), and for Nich. White (d. 1500) ; also monu- ments of the Estcourts (Newnton House, T. H. Cardwell, Esq.). 2f m. S. Shipton Moigne. This manor passed in 1398, on the mar- riage of Elizabeth, heiress of Sir John Moigne, to the noble family of Stourton. It was forfeited by Charles, 5th Lord S., in 1556. It was then enjoyed by the family of Hodges, who held it until the de- cease of Walter H., Provost of Oriel College, in 1757, when it was pur- chased by Thos. Estcourt, Esq., whose ancestors had been seated early in the 15th centy. at Estcourt Gloucest. Boute 9. — Estcourt — Bever stone Castle, 105 manor in this parish. The present ; spacious mansion, Est-court" House (G. T. J. Sotheron-Estcourt, Esq., M.P.), which replaced the old manor- ial house described by Atkyns, was erected at the end of the last centy. With the exception of the N. aisle the ch. was rebuilt in 1854, from designs by WyatU at the cost of the Estcourt family. TheN. transept contains memorials of them, and tlieir pedigree is set forth on a brass plate affixed to the wall, commencing witii the name of Walter de la Estcourt in 1325, and showing an unbroken list of descen- dants to the present time. An altar- tomb, with recumbent figures in alabaster, under a canopy, of a man in the full-dress robes of a lawyer and of a lady in the costume of the age, represent Thomas Estcourt, Esq. (d. 1600), a Judge of S. Wales, and Emma Ascue, his wife. Another altar-tomb, of black and white mar- ble, has under a canopy a figure in the attitude of prayer, of Sir J'hos. Estcourt, Kt., who died at Ciren- cester in 1624, from the plague, when returning from his parliamentary duties. There are good Brasses to the memory of T. G. B. Estcourt, Esq., M.P. for Oxford University, and for his son. General E., who died in the Crimea. The tower porch was also erected in memory of this gallant officer by his widow. In S. aisle is a well-executed marble monument for Walter Est- court, Esq. (d. 1726), and for Thomas E., Esq. (d. 1746); successive owners of the estate. In the chancel wall, under arched canopies, are 3 stone effigies — one cross-legged — also for Dr. Hodges, Provost of Oriel (d. 1757), " the last of his family," which had possessed property in this parish for a lengthened period. 1 m. N. of Tetbury, Upton Grove (D. Porteous, Esq.). [A pleasant drive W. of Tetbury, starting by the Minchinhampton road, would take the tourist to Wot- ton - under - Edge by Chevenage, Beverstone, Kingscote, and Box- well. 2 m. N.W. the Elizabethan man- sion of Chevenage House (Percy Chap- lin, Esq.), ill form of an with the date 1579 on the porch. The lofty hall has a gallery for music. In the windows are arms and devices in stained glass, whilst the walls are clothed with suits of armour and offensive weapons of various ages. In the bedrooms is some good ta- pestry, representing the adventures of Don Quixote. The family chapel adjoins the mansion, to which, in 1803, was removed the gateway of a monastic building which had stood near the church of Horsley. In the gardens is a spruce-fir, of unusual size and beauty, of great age, and quite a curiosity in its position. Until the Dissolution this estate be- longed to the priory of Bruton. In 1542 it was granted to Sir Thomas Seymour ; in 1553 to Sir W. Denny s. In the next generation it was sold to the Stephens family, one of whom was Colonel Stephens the regicide, who dii^d here. The quarries here show the ex- tensive oolite formations known as Bradford clay and forest marble. 2 m. W. of Tetbury Beverstone Castle, a picturesque ruin of 14th centy., with a modern farmhouse added, belonging to R. S. Hol- ford, Esq. A fortified building, of earlier date, became dilapidated during the Barons' wars. It was then purchased by the Berkeleys, by whom it was rebuilt. Lelund writes : — " Thomas Lord Barklei, as olde Sir Wm. B. told me, was taken prisoner in France, and after recovering his losses with Frenche prisoners, and at the battle of Poyters (1356), buildit after the Castell of Beverstone thoroughly ; a pile at that time very preatty." The castle he built was square, with a tower at each corner, and 106 Boute 9. — Bever stone Castle — Calcot Barn. Sect. I. moated on all sides. In the Civil } War Beverstone, bein^ garrisoned j by the King's forces, was attacked by Colonel Massey with 300 foot and 80 horse, without success; but the governor being taken pri- soner, Colonel Massey learnt from him where the castle might be at- tacked with advantage, and advan- cing against it, he summoned the garrison to surrender, and the lieutenant in command complied. The castle, destroyed by fire soon after the siege, is a model of a moated baronial residence. The area it enclosed was about 150 feet square. Of the buildings there re- main the gateway and the whole of the buildings forming the west side of the castle, and in the S.W. tower are situated 2 chapels. The archi- tecture of these chapels is 14th-centy. work. The W. window and several other windows and fireplaces are evidently insertions of the 16th and I7th cents. The walls are pierced with narrow slits for light and for shooting through. The 2nd chapel on the 3rd story is only 11 ft. 4 in. long by 7 ft. 5 in. wide ; but its small size did not prevent persons from participating in the services there celebrated, for both the side walls are pierced with " squints," to enable the occupants of the adjoining rooms to see and hear the celebrant. These squints could be closed on the outside by shutters, the hinges for which yet remain. This small chapel has a piscina on the S. wall, and was lighted by an E. window. Under- neath the small chapel is a chamber, where, by an aperture in the floor, 3 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. in size, and a shaft some 30 ft. deep, there was a com- munication with a dungeon of about 9 ft. square, situate low down in the foundations of the castle, lighted by one small window only. A more horrible abode can scarcely be con- ceived. Wm. of Malmesbury mentions that in 1048 a convention was held here by Earl Godwin and his sons, under pretence of assisting Edward the Confessor. " On the walls of the old ch. fresco paintings were discovered in 1844, one of which exhibited the literal transubstantiation of the wafer into the body of Christ, which appears on the altar instead of the Host. The figure of the Roman Pontiif, repre- sented as kneeling before the altar, seemed to be intended to portray Pope Gregory the Great: it is re- lated that the miracle thus depicted was wrought by his prayers, in order to remove the disbelief of a Roman matron in transubstantiation."— Archseol. On the tower is a bas- relief of St. Andrew. A large barrow at Doughton was thrown up about 1016, after a battle between the Danes and the Saxons, in which the former were routed. An adjoining enclosure is called Danes' End. J m. beyond Beverstone, Caloot Farm. Calcot Barn is a well-known land- mark in this district, and on account of its antiquity is attractive to tour- ists. It was built by the monks of Kings wood, and is 140 ft. long by 37 ft. 4 in. wide, a fine specimen of Dec. style, with good gables, having finials and transepts in the form of low square towers. Its date, mccc, is cut on a coign stone inside the south porch. At the Reformation it was granted to the family of Poyntz, by whom it was alienated to the Estcourts. There is a second inscription stating that this build- ing was destroyed by lightning in 1728, and rebuilt in 1729, but from the masonry of it this destruction seems to have been limited to its roof. 4. m. from Tetbury, Kingscote Park on rt. (see Route 6) after passing which, striking down into the valleys to the left at Hunter's Hall, is lenclied Boxwell Court the property of the Huntley family. Gloucest. Boute 9. — Boxwell Court — Didmarton Church, 107 Box well derives its name from a plentiful spring of water which rises in a wood of box-trees, about 40 acres iu extent, the largest except one of that species of tree in England. 'J'he adder is very abundant in this wuoil, where it is said to attain to a larger size and to assume brighter markings than usual. The manor belonged in moieties to the Huntleys and to Gloucester Abbey; and the Abbot's portion, being granted to Sir Walter Kaleigh by Queen Elizabeth, was purchased hj John Huntley, Esq., with whose descendant it con- tinues. The mansion, erected in the 15th centy., was partially modernized in 1796, many of the apartments bearing traces of the original design. In the dining-room is a freestone chimneypiece of the reign of Eliza- beth ; on each side are pillars of the Ionic order supporting an entabla- ture charged with the double rose of England and other heraldic bearings, and becoming in turn the basement of two caryatides which support an entablature decorated also witli he- raldic embellishments. In the centre is the family shield and crest in the midst of foliage, carved with admir- able boldness and relief. This room contains portraits of Bishop Warbur- ton and his son, by Sir J. Reynolds ; Mrs. Huntley, by Kneller, &c. A tine pair of silver spurs and a massive bridle-bit are here, which belonged to Matthew Huntley, a captain in Prince Kupert's cavalry, a most active Royalist officer, taking part in the principal important engjagements of the Civil Wars, including the Wor- cester rout. Prince Rupert was his frequent guest, and in Sept. 1651, Charles II. was brought here by Col. Lane, and escorted by Capt. Huntley to Bristol. A wood called the King*s Walk was the place of concealment during his short stay. The winding valley or comb of Las- borough, anciently Leseberge, with its small camp of Roman erection, and plantations, will delight the visitor. In 1760 a curious monumental stone of Roman work was exhumed in the enclosure. From Boxwell by Ozle- worth and Newark (see Route 6) the traveller reaches in a drive of about 11 or 12 m. altogether from Tetbury, Wotton-under-Edge (see Route *6).] Leaving Tetbury by the Acman Street, and rt^suming the main road, 12 m. on rt. of road, Higli Grove House (W. Hamilton Yatman, Esq.), a substantial family residence, was erected in 1790 by John P. Paul, Esq. 18 m. The Hare and Hounds Inn at cross roads. Weston Birt on the left (R. Stayner Holford, Esq.). The mansion, rebuilt in tlie Italian style by Vulliamy, con- tains many valuable paintings, whilst the gardens and park are justly cele- brated for the taste displayed iu their arrangement and the variety of rare trees and plants they con- tain. This manor was acquired by Sir Richard Holford, a Master in Chancery, descended from an ancient family in Cheshire, on his marriage with the heiress of the Crewes, temp. Charles II. Richard Holford, Robert Holford, and Peter Holford, Esqs., owners of this estate, were succes- sively Masters in Chancery between 1694 and 1804. The Ear. Eng. church, restore* I in 1841, stands in a shrubbery in the gardens. Its tower is placed in the middle of the building on the S. side. There is one well- executed monument, by Westmacott^ to the memory of Robert Holford, Esq. By the road to the left from the Hare and Hounds Inn, Siiiptoa Moyne may be reached as well as from Tetbury. 16J m. Didmartm Church, in the form of an L, after St. Lawrence, its tutelary saint, consists of a nave, chancel, north aisle, and bell tuiiet, in the E. E. style. There are me- I morials in the chancel for William 1 Lord Forrester (d. 1763), and for 108 Route 9. — Badminton : Paintings ; Sect. I. members of the Codrington family, of whom the manor was purchased by Charles, 4th Duke of Beaufort. Several barrows are noticeable here, and Roman coins of the reigns of Constantino and Constantius have been often dug up in this parish. 17 m. from Cirencester, after leaving Didmarton, is the Wor- cester Lodge of Badminton (the Duke of Beaufort, K.G.), in a park of nearly 10 m. circumfer- ence, containing on its eastern side very fine oaks, the Fitz-Herbert oak being one of the largest trees in England. The principal ap- proach is through the Park from Worcester Lodge, 8 m. distance from the mansion. This manor has been possessed by few families. Edric, a Saxon, owned it at the Conquest. It belonged to the Botelers during many centuries, and in 1608 was sold by Nicholas B. to Thomas, Viscount Somerset, 3rd son of the Earl of Worcester. This nobleman was despatched with Sir Charles Percy by the Privy Council, on the demise of Queen Elizabeth, to inform King James that he had been proclaimed her successor. He was created a peer of Ireland in 1626, and died 1651. His only child and heiress, dying unmarried, gave Badminton to Henry, first Duke of Beaufort. Baglan Castle having been ren- dered uninhabitable from its me- morable siege in the Civil Wars, the Duke erected in 1682 this man- sion on the site of the old manor- house, and made it the principal seat for himbolf and successors. It is an extensive stone fabric in the Palladian style of architecture, with two wings, the centre con- sisting of three stories, of which the second is ornamented with pilasters and capitals of the Corinthian order. The garden-front is richly ornament- ed, and constitutes a superb facade. Octangular turrets, with a cupola surmounted by a vane, rise from the E. and W. divisions. The hall is 52 ft. long, 27 ft. 4 in. in width and height. The paintings by Wootton consist of favourite horiries and tield- I sports, with portraits of Henry, 3rd Duke, and other members of his family. A sarcophagus, composed of one block of marble, excavated from the ruins of Kome, and given by Cardinal Alberoni to the 3rd Duke of B., is placed here ; also paint- ings by Giul. Romano^ Borgognone, F. Eyck, and Cignani. In the li- brary, erected by Wyatt, ran?j:ed above the bookcases, are portraits of the Somerset family, in chrono- logical order, to the 6th Duke, in- cluding John of Gaunt, from whom the family are descended. In other rooms are — Queen Elizabeth, Zuc- chero ; Duke of Ormonde ; portrait by A. Caracci of himself; cattle- piece by Borgognone ; Erasmus and Sir T. More by Holbein ; the Doge Grimani and Cardinal, Tintoretto; Charles I., Vandyck ; landscapes by Bolognese, Caracci^ Bassan, Bergliem, Polemberg, and Poussin ; Holy Fa- mily, Raphael; Head of Guido by himself ; St. Anthony's Temptation, Tenters; Jesus and the Woman of Samaria, A, Caracci; Church at Venice. Canaletti ; Holy Family, L. da Vinci ; 5 paintings by C. Ma- ratti. In the rooms usually shown to strangers are — Jesus at Simon's House, Bassan ; St. Anthony preach- ing to the Fish, Poussin ; an old man, Caravaggio ; Ruins, Viviani ; Battle- piece, Parocelle ; Winter-scene, Van- derneer ; landscapes, Ve Heush and Vandevelde ; Tintern Abbey, Arnold, The Great Dining-room is orna- mented with carvings in wood by Grinling Gibbons ; a portrait of Lord Herbert in armour, holding a baton, and his first wdfe, by Vandyck ; another portrait, by Hanneman, of the same nobleman and his second wife and their only child ; and family portraits by Kneller, Dahl, Hudson, and Gainsborough : 5th Duke, by Reynolds ; Duchess of Rutland (3), Gloucest. Boute 9. — Badminton Church, 109 Reynolds and Bomney, In the Drawing - room, erected by Sir J. Wyattville, are two paintings, the Temptation, and Christ with the Disciples at Emmaus, Claude Lor- raine ; 4 pictures by Guido ; an allegorical painting hy Sal. Rosa^ representing the diiferent Euro- pean sovereigns as various ani- mals, among which occur the fox, wolf, sheep, cow, and ass. Over the last-mentioned animal the pontifical pall is thrown, for which satirical effusion the artist was banished from Rome. Among the family pictures are the 7th Duke of B., by Winter- halter; Lord Raglan, by Grant; 8th Duke and Duchess on horseback, by Grant, presented by the members of the Beaufort Hunt and neighbours in the Badminton district. The present park includes 971 acres, with a herd of 300 red and 1200 fallow deer. The Church, of Grecian architec- ture, rebuilt in 1785, adjoins the mansion. The altar pavement is composed of Florentine mosaic, having in the centre the arms of Beaufort, emblazoned and inlaid partly with lapis-lazuli, brought by Henry, the 3rd Duke, from Italy. On each side the communion table are elaborate monuments by Bys- hrachy with statues of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Dukes, as large as life, all in Roman garb, and the latter in the attitude of speaking. That to the memory of the 6th Duke is an imposing and magnificent piece of sculpture, without statue or bust. The roof of the nave is supported by six pillars of the Italian compo- site order ; the ceiling of the aisles is formed by four small domes of stucco elegantly wrought. Over the altar is a painting, by Ghezzi, of Christ dis- puting with the Doctors; and the lower part of a Cartoon by Baphael. Lord Raglan was buried at Bad- minton in 1855. " Sunday, 13th June, 1643. The king and his army marched from Dagling worth to Badminton, a faire stone howse of the Lord Somerset's, now his daughter's. In the middle way, 2 soldiers hanged on the trees in the hedgerow for pillaging of the country villages." — Diary of B, Symonds. William IIL, on his return from the battle of the Boyne, was sump- tuously entertained here in 1690; and in 1702, Queen Anne, with Prince George, were guests of the duke on their route from Cirencester to Bath. Roger North gives the following interesting description of Badminton in the reign of Charles II. : — " One year the Lord Chief Justice, con- cluding (circuit) at Bristol, made a visit to Badminton, and staid a week. I mention this entertainment as shewing the princely way of living which that noble duke used He had above 2000Z. per ann. in his hands, which he managed by stew- ards, bailitfs, &c., and of that a great part of the country, which was his own, lying about him, was part, and the husbandmen were of his family, and provided for in his large ex- panded house. He bred all his horses which came to the husbandry first colts, and from thence, as they were fit, were taken into his equi- page. He had about 200 persons in his family, all approved for, and in his capital house nine original tables covered every day. The tables were properly assigned: as, for instance, the chief steward with the gentlemen and pages ; the master of the horse with the coachmen and liveries, &c. The women had their dining-room also, and were distributed in like manner — my lady's chief woman with the gentlewomen; the house- keeper with the maids, &c. The method of managing this great family was admirable and easy, and such as might have been a pattern for any management whatever. All 110 Boute 9. — Acton Turville — Doddington Park, Sect. T. the provisions of the family came from foreign parts as merchandize. Soap and candles were made in the house, so likewise the malt was ground there ; and all the drink that came to the duke's table was of malt, sun-dried on the leads of the house. These are large, and the Ian thorn is in the centre of an asterisk of glades cut through the wood of all the country round, 4 or 5 in a quarter, almost a perte de vue. " As for the duke and duchess and their friends, there was no time of the day without diversion. Break- fast in her gallery, that opened into the gardens; then perhaps a deer was to be killed, or the gardens and parks, with several sorts of deer, to be visited, and if it required mount- ing, horses of the duke's were brought for all the company. And so, in the afternoon, when tlie ladies were dis- posed to air, and the gentlemen with them, coaches and six came to hold them all. The ordinary pastime of the ladies was in a gallery where were diverse gentlewomen at work upon embroidery and Iringe-making, for all beds of state were in the house. The meats were very neat and not gross. If gentlemen chose a glass of wine, ofters were made either to go down into the vaults — which were large and sumptuous — or servants attended with salvers, and many a brisk round went about, but no sitting at a table with tobacco and healths, as the too common use is. And this way of entertaining continued while we were there, with incomparable variety." N.B. — The rly. route between London and Badminton is usually via Chippenham Stat, on the Gt. Western. IJ m. S. of Badminton House is Acton Turville Church, rebuilt in Ear. Eng. style in 1853, with the exception of the pyramidal bell- turret over the chancel arch : a N. aisle was then added. The trans- verse block of masonry supports piers similar to those on the N. and S. sides, and the addition of shafts renders these sufficiently large to meet all the angles of an equilateral spire, its cardinal faces being sup- ported by their corresponding im- posts, and its diagonal ones resting between them like the entablature of a colonnade. At a little beyond Cross Hands, 22 m. from Cirencester, the road skirts for a long distance on the rt. Doddington Park (Sir G. W. H. Codrington, Bart.), built in 1797-9 from designs and under the direc- tion of Wyatt, is of noble propor- tions, and a fine example of Grecian architecture. It contains a large collection of valuable paintings, among which are, — Holy Family, And. del Sarto ; Simeon, Anna, and Jesus, Rembrandt ; family portraits. Corn. Janssen; Presentation in the Temple, Ph. de Champagne; Our Saviour crowned with ^Thorns, Car, Dolce; Madonna and Child, Guido Beni ; St. Jerome and St. Francis, Guido ; St. John, Guercino ; a Sea- piece, Vandevelde ; a Storm at Sea, Molyn ; Reapers, Teniers ; Cattle and Dogs, Cuyp ; Venice, Canaletti ; Mrs. Porter, Sir J. Reynolds. The Church, rebuilt in 1805, in form of a Greek cross, and surmounted with a dome, contains nothing of monumental interest, but the interior is highly ornamented, and 4 pillars at the angles of the cross, which ap- parently support the dome, have an imposing effect. Each pillar is a block of freestone, 17 ft. in height and nearly 3 ft. in diameter. The river Frome has its rise within this park. In 1742, Alex. Pope, on his way to Bath for the benefit of its waters, was a visitor here, and gives an amusing account of the attention he experienced :. — " I called at Sir William Codrington's, designing but for half a day, but found it impos- sible (without more violence than Gloucest. Boute 9. — Tormarton Church — N, Dyrham, 111 ought ever to be offered to good nature) to get from thence till just now. My reception there will fur- nish matter for a letter to Mr. Bethel. It was perfectly in his spirit : all his sisters insisted I should take physic, preparatory to the waters, and truly I made use of the time, place, and persons, to that end. My Lady Cox, the first night T lay there, mixed my electuary, Lady Codrington pounded sulphur, Mrs. Bridget Bethel or- dered broth. Lady Cox marched first upstairs with the physic in a gallipot ; Lady Codrington next, with the vial of oil ; Mrs. Bridget third, with pills ; the fourth sister, with spoons and tea-cups." 24 m. Tormarton Church. There are remains of armorial devices, well pre- served under projecting stone labels, on the ancient mansion of the family of de la Rivere, now a farmhouse. The tower and chancel of the Church are Norm., and the chancel arch exhibits 2 rows of zigzag moulding. John de la Rivere, who was buried in the chancel, restored the nave, temp. Edward IIL The S. aisle is Perp., in which is a well-executed hagioscope, the central line of which bears directly on the N. corner of the altar-table. There is a Brass in good preservation for " John Seysyll, famulus reverendi dmi John ISend- low(= St. Lo) militis:" (d. 1493). A tablet in memory of Gabriel Russell, steward of the Marquis of Newcastle, has a quaint poetical epitaph. 3^ m. beyond Cross Hands and 26 from Cirencester N. Dyrham, i.e. Deor-ham, the scene of many military transactions in the wars be- tween the Saxons and the Britons. A camp on Hinton Hill, enclosing 20 acres, was occupied by the Saxons in 577, when they gained a signal victory over the British, slew three of their princes, and took the cities of Gloucester, Cirencester, and Bath. This manor, in 11 9y, belonged to Ralph de Russell, ancestor of the Dukes of Bedford. In 1401 it passed with the heiress of Sir Maurice Russell to Sir Gilbert Denys, with whose posterity it continued until 1571, when it was sold to George Wynter, Esq., whose heiress carried it, in 1668, to William Blaythwayt, Esq., whose descendant, G. W. Blaythwayt, Esq., is its present owner. The manor-house has been inhabited by its owners from the earliest date. Leland speaks of Dyrham, " wher Master Dionise dwellithe, havinge a faire howse of Achelie stone and a parke." Sir Walter Dennys fought on the Lan- castrian side, and was taken prisoner at Bos worth, and had to pay a large ransom, his life being spared through the intercession of his youngest son, who was in the service of Henry VII. Upon the old site William Blayth- wayte, Esq., M.P. for Bath, and secretary of state to William III., erected the present spacious man- sion in 1698, from a desiga by Tal- man. " It consists of two fronts, the principal extending 130 ft., with two wings and a quadrangle of offices. The windows are decorated with alternate pediments, and the cornice finished with trophies, urns, and profusion of ornament. There is a large collection of valuable pictures by eminent masters. The pleasure- grounds, now adapted to modern taste, were laid out by Le Notre, Every caprice of the Dutch style, which could be effected by art, abounded at Dyrham, where such ornaments were so numerous and sumptuous as to defy both expense and imitation.'* The park, which is well planted, was first enclosed in 1512, by Sir William Denys, one of the esquires of the body to Henry VIII., from whom he obtained li- cence to impark 500 acres here. *' The Church, a handsome building consists of a nave and side aisles; the S. aisle late Perp., and some other portions of earlier date." It 112 Boute 10. — London to Worcester. Sect. 1. contains, upon a marble slab, the figures of a knight and a lady, the brass gone and the pediments only left, for Sir Morys Kussell, 1401, and Dame Isabel his wife, with an in- scription of six verses in Latin. In the S. aisle is an elaborate tomb, having under a canopy the recum- b.^nt figure of a man in armour, and his wife in a supplicatory posture, for George Wynter, Esq. (d. 1581), and his wife, and some well-executed marble tablets to the Blaythwayte family. 28 m. Cold Ashton Church, erected 1500, is a handsome Perp. building, with battlements and pinnacles to the tower and buttresses. In the parsonage-house, erected 1509, Sir B. Granville died after the battle of Lansdown in 164:3. 2 m. W. of Cold Ashton to the 1. of the Bristol road Hamswell (Major Davis). 3 m. W. of Cold Ashton, and half- way between Marslifield and Bristol, lies IVacy Park (Rev. C. R. Davy), once the seat of the Ridleys. It contains pictures by Canaletti, Van- dyck, Vanderneer^ G. Poussin^ Spag- noletto, Sal, Bosa, and Van Harp. The collection includes portraits of Charles II. ; the young Duke of Richmond ; Earl of Portland ; Cyril Arthington, M.P. ; Vandyck's wife and child. In the grounds are the remains of a Roman villa. 2 m. east of Cold Ashton, and 8 m. from N. from Bath, Marahfield (1674), a large village, nearly a mile in length, with a handsome Perp. Churchy having a tower at W. end, and some btoiie seats in the chancel, erected by the Abbot of Tewkesbury in the reign of Edward IV. There are some Druidical remains on Beck's Down in this parish. Three large stones 3 m. S. of Marshfield, mark the limits of Wilts, Somerset, and Gloucestershire, which touch at this place. From this circumstance the parish obtains its Saxon appellation of the Boundary-field. Ashwich House, IJ m. S. of Marshfield (Mrs. Rock) ; The Bocks 1 m. beyond Ash- wick and in the extreme corner of the county near the Shire stones (Mrs. Taylor), on an eminence com- manding extensive views. 33 m. Bath (See page 77). ROUTE 10. OXFORD TO EVESHAM, BY CHARL- BURY, ADELSTROP, MORETON-IN- MARSH, AND CHIPPING CAMDEN. Great Western Railway ; many trains daily in about 2 hrs. 63 J m. Oxford Junct. Stat. (Hotels : Randolph; Mitre; Clarendon; Roe- buck). The most Eastern part of Glou- cestershire is reached from London by the portion of the Great Western system formerly known as the Ox- ford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton line. 3i m. Yarnton June. Stat. See Rtes. 3 and 12 for Witney and Fair- ford. The E. E. Church contains some interesting old glass and carving, and a curious reredos with scenes from the life of Christ. A memorial aisle contains fine coloured tombs for Sir Thomas and Sir William Spencer and their wives. An altar-tomb has a Brass, in memory of William Fletcher, d. 1826. There is an Ear. Eng. cross in the churchyard. 7i m. Handborough Stat. Post Gloucest. Boute 10. — Woodstoclc — Adlestrojp. 113 vehicles cannot be obtained at this place. I 3 m. Woodstoch (Inn: the Bear). Blenheim Palace, and it contents, &c., are fully detailed in the Hand- hook for Oxfordshire. The line on E. forms a junction with the London and N. W. Rly. near Islip. 2 m. S. Northleigh, the remains of an extensive Roman villa, discovered in 1815-17 deserve a visit. There is a very fine mosaic pavement, 28 ft. long by 22 ft. wide. Coins, chiefly of small brass, have been found at different periods. 13| m. Charlhury Stat. (Inn: The Bell). Lee Place (Capt. J. Hampden Waller), a mansion erected 1640. The ceiling of the principal drawing- room was designed by Grinling Gib- bons. W. of the rly. is Cornbury Park (the Lord Churchill). The man- sion stands on the site of a former residence, known as Cornbury Hall, which was purchased by Lord Cla- rendon at the Restoration, and from which he took his second title. 17 m. Ascott Stat. The ch., prin- cipally Ear. Eng. and Dec, has some Norm. work. 18 m. Shipton Stat. (Post vehicles can be had by notice to Station- master.) (Inn: Crown.) Shipton - under - Wychwood be- longed to the Laceys of Pudlicote. . The large and fine Church (restored ^ I by/S'^ree^) is mainly Ear. Eng., but the chancel is Perp. with an E. window (Jacobean) curious but ugly." The tower and spire are fine Ear. Eng. " work. There are several Dec. recesses for tombs, now destroyed ; but a good Brass remains (Elizabeth Horne, 1548), with a recumbent figure in a shroud. Adjoining the ch.-yard are some remains of Perp. buildings, of ecclesiastical character. Shipton Court (C. Samuda, Esq.) is a fine Elizabethan house, once a seat of the Reades. 2. m. N. Bruerne Abbey. Fish- [(?., W. & H.-] ponds are the only remains of this once stately monastery. 21 m. Chipping Norton Junct. Stat. 2 m. E. Sarsden (The Earl Ducie). The first experiment of ploughing by steam was introduced by the late J. H. Langston, Esq., M.P., on this estate, which, previous to the Civil Wars, was the seat of Chief Baron Walter. There are some remains of the old manorial house, but the present mansion was erected by its late owner, who represented Oxford in many parliaments. 1 m. E. Churchill village, the birth- place, in 1732, of Warren Hastings, whose father was rector of the pa- rish. 1 m. N. Kingham Church, chiefly of Dec. architecture. The arches separating the nave from the aisles and the tower are Perp. The rere- dos, the altar- table, and tile pave- ment were contributed by the late H. Grisewood, Esq. The altar is a fine specimen of work, having the figures of saints depicted in minute arcade work on its principal front. The sedilia reflect credit on the village mason. In N. wall of chan- cel is a Dec. tomb, which is con- sidered to be an instance of inter- ment neither in nor out of the church. 24 m. Adlestrop Stat. On rt. Adlestrop (i.e. Mdle Thorp, A.- S.), granted in 1554 to Sir Thomas Leigh. The elegant Elizabethan mansion (Capt. S. Arnold) stands on an elevation surrounded by plea- sure-grounds laid out by Bepton, and the natural beauties of the situa- tion are much enchanced by his skil- ful arrangements. A stream of water passing through the flower-garden, where its progress downwards is obstructed at intervals by ledges of rocks, falls into a lake in view of the mansion, making a pleasing and natural feature in the landscape. The I ch., rebuilt 1764, contains several 114 Boute 10. — Daylesford House, Sect. I. marble tablets for the family. Its E. w indow was filled with painted glass out of the proceeds of a bazaar held on the picturesque summit of Adle- etrop hill, which commands extensive views and is strewn with large white stones called the " grey geese of A.,'* from a tradition of a woman driving her geese to a pasture, who, refusing alms to a witch, was punished by the wizard's converting the flock into stones. 1 m. left Oddington Manor-house (Hon. John Talbot Rice), situate on the Evenlode. The old ch., with its Norm, door, has been substantially restored. On opening a barrow here, in 1797, several skeletons were found, with spear-heads, beads, and various specimens of Saxon remains. In this locality several parishes be- longing to Worcestershire, yet wholly detached, are locally situate in either Gloucester or Oxford counties ; and for some miles on each side of the rly., parishes of four counties are intermixed in a very unusual and somewhat perplexing manner. IJ m. rt, Daylesford House (R. N". Byass, Esq.), a large house on a commanding situation in grounds judiciously laid out, including a fine piece of water. " The lords of this manor claimed to be considered as the heads of the distinguished family of Hastings, and, though not en- nobled, were wealthy till they were overwhelmed by the great ruin of the civil war. John H. of that time was a zealous Cavalier, who spent half his property in the cause of the king, and purchased his own ransom by making over a large portion of the residue to Speaker Lenthall. Sain- foin was introduced from France in 1650 by John H., and first cultivated here. In 1715 Daylesford was sold, yet before the transfer took place the second son of the owner was pre- sented to the Rectory, and he was grandfather of Warren Hastings, who was bom in the adjoining parish of Churchill, Dec. 6, 1732, and was educated at the school in that village, where he nurtured in earliest youth the scheme of recovering the paternal estate. And when his long life, so singularly chequered with good and evil, with glory and obloquy, had at length closed for ever, it was to Daylesford that he retired to die." . . . '* Literature divided his atten- tion with his conservatories and me- nageries. He lived in the enjoyment of health such as is rarely enjoyed by those who attain such an age, and in his 85th year [a.d. 1818] met death with the same decorous fortitude which he had opposed to all the trials of his various and eventful life. Behind the chancel of the Ch. of Daylesford, in earth which already held the bones of many chiefs of the House of Hastings, was laid the cofiBn of the greatest man who has ever borne that ancient and widely spread name.'* — Macaulay, in 1841. Warren Hastings purchased this estate in 1788, and expended up- wards of 50,0002. on the house and grounds. His widow resided here until her death, at the age of 90, in 1837, when this property came to the son of her first husband. Sir Charles Imhoff, at whose decease in 1853, at the age of 86, it was purchased by Mr. Grisewood, who enlarged the mansion, and in 1860 replaced the Church erected by Warren Hastings with a cruciform edifice of larger dimensions and more correct arclil- tectural proportions. All the win- dows contain stained glass, and the stone work is carved and highly orna- mented. It is Ear. Dec. as to style, has coloured marble shafts to win- dows ; lower part of interior walls lined with alabaster, inlaid with coloured marbles ; the carving abun- dant and carefully executed. A Brass to William Gardner, Esq., 1632, is interesting from the costume. By this alteration the grave of Mr. Hastings is now under the com- munion table; but in the church- Gloucest. Bte, 10. — Broadwell House — Bourton-on the-HilL 115 yard is a square stone pedestal, sur- mounted by an urn, inscribed only "Warren Hastings." The ancient church was exempted by the pope when the exercise of religious worship was interdicted, temp. John. A white marble slab on N. side of nave bears this inscription : — " In a vault beyond the eastern extremity of this church lies the body of the Et. Hon. Warren Hastings, of Daylesford. The first Governor- General of the British Territories in India, a member of the King's Privy Council, LL.D., and F.K.S. The last public effort of whose eminently virtuous and lengthened life was the erection of this sacred edifice, which he superintended with sin- gular energy and interest to its com- pletion. And in which, alas ! the holy rites of sepulture were shortly afterwards performed over his mortal remains. He died 22 Aug., 1818, aged 85 yrs. and 8 months." 2 m. N.W. Broadwell House, more easily approached from Stow- on-the-Wold (E. Egerton Leigh, Esq.), a mansion rebuilt in 1757 by Dr. Chamberlayne, Dean of Bristol, who had acquired the estate by marriage with Miss Hodges. The Church, a small building in E. E. and Perp. styles, contains an alabas- ter monument having two figures kneeling with a child, in the dress I of the times, for Henry Weston, Esq. f (d. 1635) and his wife. A small dormitory adjoins the aisle appro- priated to the family of Hodges, of whom Dan vers Hodges, Esq., a Bencher of the Temple, died 1721. Broadwell Hill Ho. (Piers Thursby, Esq.) At Donning ton hamlet, 2 m. N. of Stow, and lying between Broad- well and Longborough, the King's forces, under Lord Aston, were so completely defeated by Col. Morgan, in March 1645, that all hopes of pre- serving the garrison at Oxford were abandoned. Near Donnington, Banhsfee House (E. Temple Godman, Esq.). Beyond Adlestrop Stat., close to the rly., is the Perp. ch. of Evenlode, a detached part of Worcestershire, bordered on one side by Oxfordshire and on the other by Gloucestershire. 28f m. Moreton-in-Marsh Stat. A small market town with 2000 Inhab., consisting of one wide street nearly half a mile long, having a linen - manufactory. (Inn: White Hart.) The ch. was restored and a spire added in 1860-61, at an outlay of 2000Z. Its name is derived by Sir Kobert Atkyns from its position on the trackway between Cirencester and the North ; Moor-ton, Hen old, and Mearc a boundary, this being the extreme point of the county, and adjoining 3 others at one spot. Moreton is a centre of several im- portant thoroughfares which radiate from the town, and its station is much used, being the only one at which all trains call on their up and down journeys. 2 m. N.W. Batsford, This parish is a small entrenchment almost entire, supposed to be of Roman construc- tion. Batsford Park (The Earl of Redesdale). The Church, rebuilt in 1861 in the Norm, style, consists of a nave, chancel, and tower. It con- tains a monument in black and white marble for Hon. Miss M it- ford, and tablets for Lord Chancellor Freeman (d. 1719), Lord and Lady Eedesdale, and Dr. Burton, Preben- dary of Durham, once rector. 2 m. W. Bourton ' on - the - Hill Bourton House (Herbert East, Esq.). This parish was the inheritance and birthplace of the unfortunate Sir Thomas Overbury, whose death by poison in 1613 is recorded in the parish register, and that Sir Nicholas Overbury died in 1643, being upwards of 100 years old ! In the ch., an extensive and massive building, the philanthropic clergy- 116 Boute 10. — Compton Parva — SMpston-on-Stour, Sect. T. man, the Eev. Dr. Warneford, was buried. i 2 m. S.W. Seizincote House (Sir \ Chas. H. Kushout, Bart.) is a hand- I some building in the Oriental-Italian style, topped with minarets, and sur- mounted by a bulb-shaped dome. It is approached through a park con- taining a large sheet of water, a Wel- lington pillar, a temple and fountain designed by the late — Daniel, B.A, 4 m. S.E. Compton Parva. This manor was given to Tewkesbury Abbey by Henry V., and in 1537 by Henry VIII. to Sir Thomas Pope. It was purchased early in the 17th centy. by Archbishop Juxon, who erected the manor-house in which he resided during the Commonwealth and fearlessly administered the rites of the Church of England. His nephew Wm. Juxon was created a baronet in 1662, an honour which expired with his son in 1739. On a point of land in this parish a pedestal, known as the ^-Shire Stone, is placed to denote the spot at which meet the 4 shires of Oxford, Glou- cester, Worcester, and Warwick, the names of which are cut on the 4 sides of the pillar. This stone, 9 ft. in height, is traditionally considered to stand on a spot where a battle was fought between the Saxons and the Danes, when the latter, under Canute, were totally defeated by Edmund Ironside. 4 m. S.E. between Little Compton and Evenlode, Chastleton Hall (Sliss Whitmore- Jones). This was one of the manors sold by Catesby to pro- vide funds for carrying out the Gun- powder Plot. It was purchased by Walter J ones, a barrister, who erected, between 1603 and 1630, the present mansion, a fine specimen of Tudor architecture. The walls, and those of the tower, are of especial thickness. Arthur Jones, his son, was an officer in the royal army at the fatal fight of Worcester, but escaped being made a prisoner. During the usurpation / Bishop Juxon, who resided in the, I adjoining parish, performed the ser- I vice of the Church of England in I the dining-hall of Chastleton every Sunday. The Bible used on these occasions continues in the mansion, where there is also preserved an in- teresting historical relic — a minia- ture of Charles I., which relates the principal events of his life by the aid of talc coverings. Four of these valuable memorials were made by order of Charles II., and one of them presented to Captain Jones in re- membrance of his faithful services. Mr. John Jones, the last survivor of his family, bequeathed this estate to his kinsman, Mr. J. H. Whitmore, who assumed the additional name of Jones, and it has descended to its present owner. The ch., a Trans.- Norm. and E. E. edifice, has its tower curiously placed over the S. porch. There are Brasses for Katherine Throckmorton, 1592, with 5 sons and 5 daughters; 2. Edm. Ansley (d. 1613), with 7 sons and 3 daughters; 3. William Banks, Esq. (d. 1676). 3 m. by road N.E. Todenham Manor, which was appendant to the abbey of Tewkesbury. Soon after the Reformation it belonged to the Petre family, from whom it was pur- chased by Sir Charles Pole, Bart. The Church is a handsome building with a tower and spire, a chancel, N. aisle, nave, and 2 chantry chapels. The earliest portion is a fragment of the original Norman nave arcade. The present arcade \ is probably E. English, the other \ portions later. In the chancel are \ some stone stalls with canopies, and j the stairs to the rood-loft. l 5 m. N.E. of Moreton, on the Fosseway, is a point called Porto Bello, where cross-roads run E. tc Shipston-on-Stour, and W. to Ebring- ton and Chippino; Campden. 7 m. N.E. of Moreton, Shipston-on- Stour (Inns : George : White Horse), an ancient market-town with 2000 Inhab. It is an isolated portion oi Gloucest. Boute 10. — Tredington — Blochley. 117 Worcestershire, and has a tramway communication with More ton and Stratford. The ch. has some Dec. portions, but it has been much modernised. 9J m. Tredington, an extensive parish on the Fosseway. On the S. side of its ch. is an elegant cross of 14th-centy. work. The shaft is a slender tapering octagonal monolith 12 ft. 8 in. in height, mounted on four steps. " It is of 14th-century date, and is admired for its neatly attenuated shaft and fine pro- portions." A short distance from this village a branch road verges from the Fosseway to Stratford-on- Avon, passing through the hamlet of Newhold, in which ecclesiastical district a somewhat novel milestone — a reminder to the wayfarer — has been erected on the road, near the new lodge leading to Eatington Park. The memorial is formed of a double cube of hard stone, serv- ing as base to an ornamental cross, which surmounts the whole. The sides are panelled, and on the west and east bear the arms of the see of Worcester and Shirley. On the south is the following inscription : — "6 Miles To Shakespeare's town, whose name Is known throughout the earth ; To Shipston 4, whose lesser fame Boasts no such poet's birth." On the northern face is : — "Crux mea lux." " After Darkness, LIGHT ; From li^ht hope flows, And peace in Death, in Christ a sure repose." "Spes, 1871." Eound the base of the cross, which rises angular-wise from the weather- ings of the pedestal, are similar sen- timents in Latin : " Post tenebras lux," " In luce spes," " Inobitu pax,'* " Post obitum salvus." It was de- signed and erected by the late Mr. E. P. Shirley, M.P., of Eatington Park. This stone is placed on a slice of Worcestershire, which strangely intrudes into the boundary of Warwickshire. 5 m. E. of Moreton, Weston House (Earl of Camperdown). A modern mansion. Weston was the patrimony of the Sheldons for centuries. *' In 1684, Anthony Wood lost his gene- rous and true friend Mr. Kalph Shel- don, at whose seat he was frequently, and who was a great assistant to, as well as encourager of, his studies. He was a munificent favourer of learning and learned men.*' In the hamlet of Little Wolford is a mansion of the Ingrams, a portion of which was erected in the 13th centy. The dining-hall, with its buttery hatch and minstrels* gallery, have been repaired and preserved as " a relic of bygone times '* by the late Sir G. Philips, for the inspection of visitors. 6 m. Cherrington Park (Wm. Dickins, Esq.). 32 m. Blochley Stat. The village (2400 Inhab.), 2 m. on 1. in Worces- tershire, was a place of importance under the Saxon kings, at which period there was a flourishing monas- tery. In A.D. 855 this manor was given to the see of Worcester. In the reign of Queen Anne a silk-mill was erected here on the river Eveu- lode ; there are now 6, employing about 600 persons. The perennial condition of this stream is thus noticed by Drayton : — " Where out of Blockley's banks so many fountains flowe That cleane throughout his soyle proud Cotswold cannot sbowe The like ; as though from farre, his long and many hills There emptied all their vaines, where with those founts he fills Which in the greatest drought so brimfuU still doe float. Sent through the rifted rocks with such an open throat As though the Cleeves consumed in humour; they alone So crystalline and cold, as hardneth stick to stone." Polyolb.y \Uh Song. The Church has a spacious nave and 118 Bte, 10. — Norihwick Park — CMpping-Cam^pden, Sect. I. N. aisle of late Perp. ; the chancel is E. E., with portions of earlier date. The to wer was erected in 1728. In 1838 the E. window was inserted and a new r credos added. The old rood-screen exists, with an addition of modern date along the top. In N. wall of chancel are Brasses for Wm. Tombarte, rector of Stretton-on- Fosse (d. 1510), and on the floor for Philip Wortham, an incumbent (d. 1485). On N. side are tablets for Hon. Miss Eushout, and several in- cumbents in tlie last centy. At E. end of N. aisle in a sepulchral chapel are marble tombs, with effigies in the costume of the 17th centy., for mem- bers of the Childe family, in excel- lent preservation. In this place are also, on a costly monument, 3 busts by JRyshrach of Sir John Eushout, Treasurer of the Navy, 1775 ; of Sir James Eushout, Ambassador to Tur- key, 1698 ; and the Countess of Northampton, his daughter, 1750. Memorials of the Ladies Eushout, by Moore ; for Sir James Eushout, 1705, and his lady ; and for the first Lord and Lady Northwick. There is also for the late Lord N., who d. January 1859, set. 89, a monument of white marble, with a well-executed design of " the Good Samaritan." 1 m. N. from Blockley is North- ivich Park, the ancient mansion of the Childes, by whom it was sold temp. Charles 11. It was new modelled in 1730 by Sir John Eush- out from designs of the Earl of Burlington. A grand wing or gal- lery was added by the late Lord Northwick, who also contrived an ingenious circular staircase. The celebrated collection of paintings made by this nobleman was dispersed after his decease, but the mansion still contains a considerable number of valuable pictures. Addison, who \^a8 indebted for his seat in parlia- ment to the friendship of Sir John E., wrote many papers for the ' Spectator ' when a visitor at North- wick. 34 m. Campderiy a second-class station. 1 m. 1. Chipping- Campden (Inhab. 2500), a decayed corporate town of importance in earlier times, so called from A.-S. ceapan, to buy. (Inn : Noel Arms.) It has a street of good width, 1 m. in length. The Market- house, built 1624, is in the centre. Part of the Court-house is of the 14th centy. Two houses of 15th centy. are nearly opposite each other, one of which, with a good bay-window, was the residence of the Greviles. In 689 the kings of the Heptarchy held a solemn con- sultation here respecting a treaty with the Britons. In the 14th centy. this town was a flourishing mart for wool, and the residence of opulent merchants who exported it to Flan- ders. By some of these wealthy in- habitants the ch., a Perp. structure, perfectly symmetrical, was rebuilt and enlarged, and their coats-of-arms are affixed to portions of the building. Of these William Grevel (1401), is described on a monumental brass as " flos mercatorum lanar' tocius Anglic," and Marion his wife, 1386 ; they are represented standing in two niches, neatly adorned, and these embellishments correspond with the carved work in various parts of the building. There is a long marginal inscription. There are other brasses in equally good preservation for Wm. Welley, merchant, 1450, and Alice his wife; John Lethnard, merchant, 1467, and his wife Joan ; Wm. Gybbys, 1584, 3 wives, 7 sons, and 3 daughters. The Church con- sists of a spacious nave, 2 aisles, and a tower 110 ft. high, light to the greatest degree, a pleasing specimen of the best Perp. At E. end are 2 chapels, that on the S. being a dormitory for the noble families of Hicks and Noel, and " is adorned with such nol)le monuments of marble as equal, if not exceed, any in England.' ' Conspicuous among Gloucest. Route 10. — Campden House — Ehrington, 119 them is an altar- tomb with recumbent effigies of Baptist Viscount Campden and his lady, supposed to be the work of the famous Nicholas Stone. Full-sized figures in an erect posture of Noel, Vise. Campden (d. 1642), and his lady (d. 1680), are highly finished though unnatural performances ; and there is an exquisite bust of Lady Penelope Noel in a Vandyck dress. In the chancel is a canopied mattrass monument (1593) for Sir Thos. Smith, with his effigies in armour, 2 wives and 15 cbildren kneeling. Two f rentals Qiolosericus) for the altar, of white watered silk, em- broidered with a representation of the Assumption, are in good preser- vation. Twelve almshouses, built and endowed by Lord C, form, with the eh. and the ruins of the old manor-house, a most picturesque group. A Grammar School was founded and endowed, 1486, by John Varby, rebuilt in the Tudor style in 1858-64, at a cost of 1800?., by the liberality of the trustees and landowners of the neghbourhood. The residence of the head master can accommodate 30 scholars. There are exhibitions of 80Z. per ann. at Oxford. 3 m. Campden House (Earl of Gainsborough), a stone structure of 16th centy., with irregular gables, turrets, and transomed windows, hav- ing a terrace in front, pleasantly situated on the slope of a hill to the W. Family portraits, by Lely and Kneller, decorate the walls of the principal rooms. Jonathan Hulls of this town is claimed as the original inventor of the steamboat. He patented his invention in 1736, its purpose being described '* to tow vessels out of or into any harbour at every state of wind and tide or in calms.*' His project was sneered at and himself ruined by his experiments. 1 m. E. Ehrington, a parish in which the noble families of Fortes- cuo, Gainsborough, and Harrowby enjoy estates. In the reign of Henry VI. a part of this parisii was pur- chased by the celebrated lawyer, Lord Chancellor Fortescue, who was attainted as a Lancastrian after the battle of Tewkesbury, and his estates confiscated. He was, however, per- mitted to retire to his manor of Ebrington, where he died and was buried. Upon the death of Sir T. Brydges in 1471, who had obtained the estate, it was restored to the Fortescues, with whom it has since continued, and their title of Viscount is taken from this interesting pro- perty. In a field near the Vicarage human skeletons have been often disturbed, and quite recently the umbos of shields, iron spear-iieads, bronze ring and pin, and a silver ornament, all of SaxoQ manufacture, were found. The Church consists of a nave and semitransept with a low tower. The chancel is more modern, with histo- rical paintings in the E. window, well executed, from the story of Joseph and Jiis Brethren, with the arras of Sir Wm. Keyt, the donor. On a table-tomb, with a recumbent effigy in judicial robes, is a long Latin epitaph, descriptive of the ta- lents and virtues of Lord Chancellor Fortescue, erected in 1677 by Robert F., Esq., and repaired in 1765 by Matthew Lord F. There are also monuments and busts for various members of the Keyt family, of whom Sir John K., an active royalist was cr. a Bart. 1660. His son Sir William erected their residence, Norton Hall, in an adjoining hamlet of that name, and it was burnt in 1741 by another Sir W. K., who in an insane fit im- molated himself, and destroyed the title-deeds and family muniments. The estates were purchased by Sir Dudley Ryder, and were sold in 1866 by the Earl of Harrowby, whose resi- dence is Norton House. A new Norton Hall, near Norton 120 Boute 10. — Michleton — Newcombe House, Sect. I. Burnt Hall, as it is called, is now owned by James Fen ton, Esq. 2h m. Foxcote Park (T. Gillow, Esq:). 3 m. Alderminster Churchy cruci- form without aisles, with a massive but low central tower. Part of the nave is ^orm. with good doors N. and S., the rest of the ch. good E. E., with some later windows inserted. In the chancel is a handsome water- drain. 3 m. N. Michleton (Pop. 900), called by Saxons Mycclantune, being at that period more considerable than other villages around, consists of one long street. The Churchy E. E. with portions of Dec, consists of a nave, 2 aisles, and a spire of elegant pro- portions ; it contains many good monuments for the families of Fisher and Graves, among which is one to the memory of Richard Graves, an eminent historian and antiquary, au- tlior of the * Spiritual Quixote,* who died 1729; his collections are in- cluded in the Lansdowne MSS. in the British Museum. The Manor- house (S. G. Hamilton, Esq.), pur- chased by another Richard Graves, a lawyer of repute under the Common- wealth, adjoins the churchyard. Sir A. Keck, a Lord Commissioner of the Great Seal in 1688, was born here 1630. In this parish the rly. is carried through a tunnel 970 yards long, a work of great expense and labour. The shifting of the soil on a slope of blue clay at Aston village compelled the engineers to divert the road and carry it through this formidable hill. From the beds of the lower lias in this tunnel a variety of fossils were obtained. 38| m. Honeyhourne Junct. Stat. Two parishes here adjoin, both on the IckneiJd Street, Cow and Church Honeyhourne. The first belongs to the county of Gloucester, the other to Worcestershire. The Perp. Church of the former, which was allowed, a century ago, to fall into ruins, its nave and chancel being converted into labourers' dwellings, has been restored by the Worcester Architec- tural Society, The latter consists of a chancel, nave, and W. tower, with a handsome spire. The tower is pe- culiar, being narrower than the nave, and instead of a tower arch there is only a doorway communicating with the nave. It was repaired by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. 2 m. S.E. of Honeyhourne, TTesfon- suh-Edge. The E. windows of its large E. E. ch. contain very good painted glass. On the Cotswold, within this parish, the once famous Olympic games were celebrated on the Thursday at Whitsuntide from the reign of James, until the Rebel- lion, and the place retains the appel- lation of Dover's Hill from their founder, an attorney of the locality, in whose praise all the contemporary poets wrote. The Annalia Dubrensia and Cotswold Muse contains verses laudatory of these sports, Ben Jon- son congratulates his "jovial good friend Mr. Robert Dover on his great instauration of his hunting and dancing at Cotswold.'* Endymion Porter, Esq., M.P., a native of Aston- sub-Edge, and a gentleman attend- ant on James I., "to encourage Dover, gave him a suit of the king's clothes, with a hat, feather, and rufls, in which he usually appeared accou- tred and mounted as chief director of the games, which were attended by the gentry of the district." 3 m. W. Newcombe House, once a hunting seat of the Beauchamps, commands a most extensive prospect over the Vale of Avon. In front is an artificial mound called Caste Tump, designed to overlook the adja- cent country. The cruciform Church of Sainthury, which has been mo- dernized, has a Norman doorway, a double piscina, a graduated sedilia, and a Brass dated 1574. Gloucest. Boute 11. — Honeyhourne to Stratford-on-Avon. 121 3 J m. S.W. Willersey. Lands in this parish are charged ^ith an an- nuity of £9 to the family of Pendril, settled by Chas. II., with similar charges in other places, in testimony ofgi-atitude for his preservation in the oak. The Church is cruciform, with an embattled tower at the intersection, resting on clustered pillars, and having a groined roof beneath. It was restored in 1871, when a well-executed reredos and encaustic tiles were inserted. The building contains portions of various dates. The spouts are unusually large. The rly. train on leaving this stat. makes its next halt at Evesham Stat. (Rte. 26). EOUTE 11. HONEYBOURNE STATION TO STRAT- FORD-ON-AVpN, BY LONG MARSTON. Railway. 10 miles. 2 m. Pehicortli, the first of several adjoining villages, celebrated in some doggerel verses attributed to Shake- speare, when under the inspiration of Bidford ale : — " Piping Peb worth, Dancing Marston, Haunted Hilborough, Hungry (4rafton, With Dodginet Exhall, Papist AVelford, Beggarly Brown, and Drunken Bidford." Rudder remarks, " There is not a good house in the village, nor any thing else that I could either see or hear of to distinguish it but in the parish are Broad Marston (Cot- terell Corbett, Esq.), and Pehworth Ma^wr (T. S. Shekell, Esq.). 4 m. Long Marston Stat., called also Dry Marston, from the parched condition of the lands in the summer months, and Dancing Marston, from the circumstance that a party of its villagers performed in character, from an early period, the Morris Dance through the district. The village enjoys a place in history from having afforded a night's shelter to Charles II. on his perilous journey after the battle of Worcester : — " That night, according to design- men t, INIrs. Lane and her company took up their quarters at Mr. Tombs' house, at Long Marston, some three miles west of Stratford, with whom she was well acquainted. Here Will Jackson being in the kitchen, in pursuance of his disguise, and the cook-maid busy in providing supper for her master s friends, she desired him to wind up the jack. Will Jack- son was obedient, and attempted it, but hit not the right way, which made the maid in some passion ask, ' What countryman are you, that you know not how to wind up a jack ?' Will Jackson answered, very satisfactorily, * I am a poor tenant's son of Colonel Lane in Staffordshire ; we seldom have roast meat, but when we have, we don t make use of a jack,' which in some measure assuaged the maid's anger." — (' The Boscobel Tracts.') The house stands near the church, and continues in the Tombs family. It is called by the villagers " The Old King Charles II.'' The jack is preserved, and shown cheerfully to visitors. Dorsington. — The old ch. and part of this village were destroyed by fire in 1754, and the present small ch. is a brick edifice. The inhabi- tants have, from some unknown cause, obtained an unpleasant noto- riety, " You are a Dorsington Witch,^' 122 Boute 11. — Lower Quinton — Welford. Sect. I. or "a regular Dorsington Devil" being household expressions in a Gloucestershire vocabulary. Big- land, instead of suggesting a pro- bable origin for these sayings, writes, ** In the course of topographic re- searches, many places necessarily occur which afford no materials of curious investigation; of this de- scription is Dorsington.'* 6 m. Lower Quinton. The Dec, Churchy with its lofty spire, is a con- spicuous object in the scenery of the Vale. There is a raised tomb, with the effigies of a man in armour, for Thomas Le Rous, 1499; a grey marble tomb inlaid with brass under a canopy for Joan Clopton, 1430, with eight verses inscribed in mar- gin; with tablets for the Lingens. Eadhrooh (R. Burton, Esq.), an old seat of the Lingens. Col. Roger L., of this place, a zealous Royalist, was taken prisoner at Goodrich Castle, 1646, and forced to compound for his estates. His descendant assumed the name of Burton on succeeding to the estate of Longiior in Salop. There is a tradition that Shakespeare was allowed to resort to the library of this old manorial residence. 4 m. on 1. Admington Hall (C. Holland Corbett, Esq.). On Meenhill, in this parish, is an extensive camp with double en- trenchments, supposed to be the work of the West Saxons before the engagement between themselves and the Mercians near Campden. Ex- tensive views are obtained from its fertile summit. Of all the hills 1 know let Mein thy pattern bee, Who, though her site bee such as seems to equal thee, And destitute of nought that Arden can him yield. Nor of the special grace of many a goodly field, Nor of dear Clifford's seat (the place of health and sport),; Which many a time hath been the muse's quiet port ; Yet brags not he of that, nor of himself esteems The more for his faire site ; but richer than he seems. Clad in a gown of grasse, so soft and won- d'rous warm, As him the summer's heat nor winter's cold can haniie ; Of whom 1 well may say, as I may speake of thee, From either of your tops, that who be- holdeth mee To Paradise may thinke a second hee had found. If any like the first were ever on the ground." Polyolb., lUh Song. 6 J m. Milcote Stat. In this manor a disused place of burial filled with skeletons was found a few years since. 3 m. Preston-on-Stour. The old Church, which has some Norm, por- tions and a lofty tower with pinnacles, contains very good monuments for the Kemp and West families. The E. window is filled with stained glass which represents "the universal dominion of Death unusual and somewhat ill-adapted for a parish church. Alscot Park (Mrs. West). A spacious mansion on a site sloping towards the river. This estate was Eurchased in the reign of George II. y James West, Esq., M.P. lor St. Albans, and during many years a secretary of the Treasury. 1 m. Weston-on-Avon. The small eh. contains Brasses for Sir John Grevile, Lord of the Manor 1546, Sir Edw. G. in armour 1559, and for Edw. G. buried here 20 Hen. VIII., who was at the memorable battle of Spurs. It stands near the river, and opposite to Luddington ch. in whi^-h Shakespeare is supposed to have been married. Weston manor belonged to Guy Earl of Warwick in 1400, to the Greviles, then to the Dukes of Dorset, and now to Lord Sackville. 1^ m. Welford village, in which is a village maypole painted red and white. The church, restored by the Gloucest. Boute 12. — Oxford to Cirencester. 123 late Countess De la Warr, has a lofty tower with phinacles, and con- tains some good Norm, portions. The parish register contains an account of a very disastrous flood of the Avon in July 1588, which some critics have considered to be de- scribed in * Midsummer Night's Dream * (act 2, sc. 1) : — " The winds piping to us in vain, As in revenge have suck'd up from the sea Contagious fogs ; which, falling on the land, Have every pelting river made so proud That they have overborne their continents. Tbe ox has therefore stretch'd his yoke in vain, The ploughman lost his sweat; and the green corn Hath rotted, ere his youth attain'd a beard ; The fold stands empty in the drowned field, And crows are fatted with the murrain flock: The Nine-Men's Morris is tilled up with mud ; And the quaint mazes in the wanton green, For lack of tread, are undistinguishable." 2 m. rt. Clifford Chambers, a small yet ancient Church, retaining a Sax. arch over S. door. In its chancel on an altar-tomb are Brasses of Hercules Raynsford, Esq., 1583, set. 39, in armour, his wife, 2 sons, and a daughter. Also of Elizabeth Mar- rowe, with a child in her arms (d. 1601); and there is an imposing monument with 2 kneeling ligures in the costume of the reign of James I., with a long inscription, for Sir Hen. and Lady Raynsford. Henry R., the last of this house, a strenuous Royalist, was forced to compound for his estates, whicii he subsequently sold to the Dighton family. 10 m. The railway, after crossing the River Avon, which forms the boundary of the counties, enters Warwickshire at Stratford-on-AvonBtsit (Inh. 3872. Inns : The Shakespeare ; The Red Horse). From this station passengers are conveyed by railway to Leaming- ton, Warwick, and Birmingham. ROUTE 12. OXFORD TO CIRENCESTER, BY WIT- NEY, BURFORD, LECHLADE, AND FAIRFORD. By Railway and Road. Oxford Station. See Rte. 10. 4 m. Yarnton Junction Stat, a branch rly. from this station is con- structed to 7 m. Eynsham Stat This small town stands in a locality which was the scene of several important en- gagements between the Saxons and Britons. A well-endowed Benedic- tine abbey once flourished here. 9 m. South Leigh Stat John Wesley preached his first sermon in the Ear. Eng. church of this village. During its restoration (1871) some curious wall-paintings were found, the largest of which represents the '* Day of Judgment," and under tlie pews a brass of excellent work and in good preservation representing a layman in a gown with long arm- less sleeves and lining of fur. It is for Wm. Secoll, 1557. Stanton Harcourt Ch., with its many interesting monuments, can be reached at a distance of 2 miles from this station by pedestrians, crossing the Isis at Bullock-hythe. llf m. Witney Stat., a market town oi\ the river Windrush {Inn : Marl- borough Arms). The manufacture of blankets, whose peculiar whiteness was attributed to the sulphureous properties of the river, has much de- creased. The ch., of 13th-centy. work, has been partly rebuilt. There is a crypt under the N. transept. At Cokethorpe Park (Mrs. Strick- 124 Boute 12.- — Oxford to Cirencester, Sect. I. land) is the celebrated picture of I Sir Thomas More and his family, by ' Holbein ; and a portrait of Angelica Kauifman struggling between the blandishments of Painting and Music, painted by herself; and others by Vandych, Poussin, and Sir Joshua Beynolds. 3 m. Minster Lovel. The pictur- esque church and ruins of the priory invite attention of the tourist. Here was born, 1767, Maria Edgeworth. 16f m. Ba7npton Stat. (Inn : The Talbot), a neatly built town, with a lofty cruciform ch., containing some good Brasses. There are tablets to the Horde family and for Arch- deacon Phillips, whose son, the Herefordshire poet, John Phillips, was born in 1676 at the vicarage. 3 m. Bradicell Grove (John Fox, Esq.). 4 m. N. Burford {Inn : Bird-in- Hand), a small market town on the Cotswold, formerly a place of con- siderable traffic, on the principal thoroughfare between London and South Wales. It is irregularly built, but contains many old resi- dential houses. The Priory (Miss Youde), a picturesque ruin, w^as granted by the Long Parliament to the Speaker, Lenthall, w^ho died in the house about 1662. In the spa- cious ch. is a fine monument to Sir L. Tanfield, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 1625. (See Handhooh for Oxfordshire.) 19J m. Alvescot Stat. 23 J m. Lechlade Stat. (New Inn.) Manor - house (George Mil ward, Esq.) (See Rte. 3). From Fairford Stat, the traveller pursues the main road from Fairford to Cirencester. 26i m. Fairford Stat. {Inn: The Bull). See Rte. 3. 2 m. 1. Maisey Hampton. This aisleless cruciform Church, restored in 1872, has a low central embattled octagonal tower ; Norm, chancel, with E. E. windows full of ball flowers and Dec. portions. The transepts contain windows of purest art of 13th-centy. work. They are of two lights, with a detached shaft. There is a wooden lectern with chains for the book. Sebastian Ben- field, Margaret Professor at Oxford, a man of great learning in his time, was rector, and buried here 1630. The Rectory is a picturesque 16th- centy. structure, with gables. 3 m. The village of Poulton, a part of Wilts, here projects itself across the road. 4 m. Eastington village, otherwise Ampney St. Peter. The ch. was re- built in 1879. It was a small build- ing of early 12th-centy. work. The features of interest have been care- fully replaced, including a Norman north door and a small rose window in the tower. The rood loft stairs have also been preserved. Half a mile to the left of Easting- ton and reached by a cross road in that direction which leaves the main road shortly after passing Eastington pond, is Ranbury Camp. Banbury Camp, a very important ancient camp, contains a level cul- tivated space of about 10 acres within the mounds which have been planted, and in some places the fosse is almost efiaced. It is situate midway between the Ickneild Street and the Ermine Way. It consists of a deep fosse with a high mound, enclosing a parallelogram.'' It is not known whether the works were of Roman or British origin, but there can be little doubt that they were carried out for the purpose of defence. No relics have been found in the inclosure. 5 m. in a field on the left Ampney St. Mary, is a small ch. with some remains of E. E. work. It is locally known as " the Ivy Church." . 5J m. Ampney Crucis. The Manor House, once the seat of the Pleydells, now belonging to the representatives Gloucest. Boiite 13. — Fairford to Bihury and Cirencester. 125 of E. Blackwell, Esq., is occupied by Major E. M. Dansey. The E. E. Church has an embattled tower and many portions deserving notice. It has been judiciously restored. In the chancel is a white marble monu- ment to Viscount Downe, mortally wounded at the battle of Campden, 1760, and to Robert Pleydell, Esq. (d. 1719), who endowed a school in the parish with SOL a year for the instruction and apprenticing poor children — and to other members of the Pleydell family. In the N. aisle, on a free-stone monument, are the figures of a man in armour and of his wife. On the side, in relief, are the figures of five sons and seven daugh- ters in the attitude of prayer. There is no inscription, but the coats of arms show it to be of a member of the Floid, or Lloyd, family, which was for a short time connected with this parish, although settled at Whit- mintster. 9 m. Cirencester (Rte. 2). N.B. — A railway from Fairford to Cirencester, now in course of con- struction, will be opened in 1884. ROUTE 13. FAIRFORD TO BIBURY AND CIREN- CESTER. By Road. An alternative route from Fairford to Cirencester takes the tourist through the interesting villages of Quenington, Coin St. Aldwyn's, Bibury, and Barnsley, skirting Fair- ford Park by a road leading north. 2 m. Quenington Norm. Church has two doorways of remarkably rich design. The subject over the N. door is the Triumph of Jesus over Satan : over the S. the Saviour En- throned Crowning theVirgin ; around are the Evangelistic symbols, two smaller figures, and a curious repre- sentation of a church. It is now under restoration. 3 m. Coin St, Aldwyn^s. The church, given in 13th centy. to Gloucester Abbey, is Norm, and E. E., and contains a memorial win- dow fitted with good stained glass, to Susan, Lady Hicks Beach (d. 1866), and a tablet for Sir M. Hicks Beach, Bt., M.P. (d. 1854). The tower, erected by Abbot Gamage, retains the initials of J. G. 1 m. rt. Williamstrip Park (Rt. Hon. Sir M. E. Hicks Beach, Bt., M.P.), erected on an elevated spot, temp. Geo. I., with many subsequent additions and improvements. In 1670 this estate belonged to Henry Powle, Speaker of the House of Commons, and M.P. for Cirencester. With his daughter and heiress it came to the Iretons, and afterwards by purchase, through the families of Forester, Praed, and Blackwell. In 1784 it was sold to the ancestor of its present proprietor. Hatherop Castle (T. S. Bazley, Esq.), on an eminence on the north- east of Quenington, about a mile distant, rebuilt by the first Lord de Mauley, then purchased by the Ma- harajah Duleep Singh, and sold to the present occupier, has, during the last 200 years, been conveyed by heiresses through the families of Blomer, Webb, and Ashley. The unfortunate Earl of Derwentwater married a daughter of Sir John Webb of Hatherop, and it was from this place he set out on his fatal expedition in 1715. Previous to 126 Boute 14. — Oxford to Cheltenham, Sect. I. the suppression of religious houses, this manor belonged to the nunnery of Lacock. The eh., erected in the 15th centy. by the nunnery of Lacock, contains many well-executed monu- ments. A circular encampment, called Dene, is on this estate, in the immediate vicinity of the Ickneild Street and Saltway. It is on a knoll, and contains an area of about 1 1 acres of cultivated ground. The single fosse which surrounded it is nearly obliterated. It seems formed in communication with Windrush Camp, 3 m. distant in a straight line. 5 m. Bihury, on the banks of the Coin, which joins the Isis at Lech- lade. The spacious manor-house (W. Flux, Esq.), erected in 1623 by Sir Thomas Sackville, has the founder's arms over the porch. It passed by marriage to the Warne- fords, and by the same means to the Cresswells. It now belongs to Lord Sherborne. Situated on an easy eminence, it commands the river, and the hills above it, covered with low wood of the most variegated foliage, which, contrasted with the Downs on the summit, complete a scene perfect in its kind." — Bigland. Ahlington (M. W. Wilson, Esq.), a mansion, erected 1590, with modern additions by the Cox wells, belongs to their descendant K. Coxwell Eogers. Esq. The Church, restored in 1863 by Sir G. G. Scott, is capacious and handsome, having a fine tower, spa- cious chancel, nave, 75 ft. 5 in. by 22 ft. 6 in., two aisles outlying, and a S. porch. It was re-erected by the convent of Oseney, and at W. end of N. aisle are good Perp. win- dows and several parts of an earlier date. The north and south doors are Norman, and some portions of the edifice are of that period. 8 m. Barnsley Park (W. A. Wyke- ham-Musgrave, Esq.), erected in the Italian style for H. Perrot, Esq., circ. 1730, has a lofty saloon with well- executed frescoes. Edward III. gave this manor to the Earl of Kent, and it descended to the "fair Maid of Kent,'* wife of the Black Prince. Keverting to the crown, it was granted to the wealthy family of Bouchiers, by whom it was long held, and from whom it devolved by marriage to the Perrots, whence in 1778 it came to the Musgraves. The ch., an ancient building, with later additions, has all its win- dows filled with stained glass. The chancel window is a memorial one to Mrs. Howman. A mile after passing through Barnsley the traveller falls into the old Roman Ickneild way which takes him on to Cirencester, about 3 m. from the junction of the roads. EOUTE 14. OXFORD TO CHELTENHAM, BY STOW- ON-THE-WOLD, ICOMB, AND BOUR- TON-ON-THE-WATER. By Rail. A branch from Chipping Norton Junction (see Handbook for Oxford- shire) places Oxford in direct communication with Cheltenham. ' Leaving that junction the traveller goes due west across the heart of the Cotswold upland country. 1 m. W. Bledingion Church, a fine structure, contains a variety of old stained glass of a valuable and in- teresting character ; a hagioscope from the aisle to the chancel ; rood- loft stairs ; an aumbrey and a Norm. Gloucest. Boute 14. — StoW'On-the-Wold, 127 font. There is a sanctus bell-cot at the junction of the nave and chancel. 2J m. S.W., Idbury Church has a rich Norm, door-frame, an elegant bell-cot, with pinnacles and large Dec. windows to its chancel and N. aisle. 3 J m. Stow -on-the- Wold Stat, is placed at the foot of a hill about J m. from the town. ,Quar Wood (T. W. Stubbs, Esq.). In the grounds is a celebrated spring always suppUed with clear fresh water, known as St. Edward^ s Well, and named after some Saxon king or martyr, or local hermit. The former name of the town and the healing qualities of the spring have been thus versified by a pro- vincial poet : — *♦ The town was styled St. Edward's, as they tell, Because near to it stood a famous well, "Which was of yore, for so historians paint, Sacred in annals to that patron Saint. This wonder-worldng water, we are told, Had strong effects upon both young and old; Scorbutic humours from this curious tank Were purged away; its waters being drank, Weak nerves astringed recovered former might. And eyes quite dim were once more blest with sight." Stow-on-the-Wold, 1636 Inhab. (Inns : Unicorn and Talbot). An an- cient and clean market-town irregu- larly built on an exposed position on the Fosseway, and insufficiently sup- plied with fresh water. It was first built in a wood, hence the word wold, Saxonice, a wood, and the traditional couplet — *• A squirrel can hop from Swell to Stowe, Without resting his foot or wetting his toe." The Church, constructed by the monks of Evesham, contains speci- mens of all the styles from the Nor- man downwards. There is Norm, and Trans, work in the South or Mau- gersbury aisle, and Ear. Eng. in the transept or Donington Aisle. The Ear. Eng. of the N. aisle is much admired. There is Dec. work in the large chancel, with trussed rafter roof, and the choir is a grand fea- ture. The Perp. period is repre- sented by the windows in the Don- ington Aisle, the clerestory, and the tower, the latter being a fine ashlar structure of the 15th centy., 80 ft. high, in four stages, adorned with pinnacles, and a conspicuous land- mark for many miles. In the wall near the E. end of the chancel and N. aisle are hagioscopes. Traces of two altars may be seen. The sanctus bell-turret remains at the E. end of the nave, and in the tower is a good ring of six bells, the oldest of which is dated 1606, with the inscription, "God save King James." Another is dated 1620, and inscribed — *♦ With a merrie note, now God permit That 1 long time my place may fitt." Another has — Fear God, let love increase ; Obey the King, and live in peace." The large Dec. window is blocked up by an organ-gallery. There is a painting of the Crucifixion (by Caspar de Crayer) given in 1838 by Mr. Oliamberlayne, in memory of whose ancestors there are marble tablets in the chancel and windows filled with stained glass. The ch. was restored about the year 1682, with the proceeds of a fine, or com- mutation for penance, paid by Lord Wharton's son, who had entered a neighbouring church while in a state of drunkenness, rent the Bible, rung the bells backwards, and cut the bell-ropes. St. Edward's Hall, in the Market Place, was erected in 1879 by the trustees of a local fund, and contains a ball-room, reading-room, library, &c. The town is supplied with water raised from a very deep well with a force-pump. Fosse Cot- tage (F. R. V. Witta, Esq.). Stow is 3 m. by road W. of Adles- 128 Boute 14. — Maugershury — Icomh. Sect. I. trop stat. on the main line. (See Ete. 10.) 3J m. E. Maugershury (H. Ingles- Ohamberlayne, Esq.), a stone man- sion on an elevated position, a seat of the Chamberlaynes since 1563, before which period it was a hunting-lodge of the abbots of Evesham. The family of Chamberlayne is descended from John, Count de Tankeville, who came in the train of the Conqueror from Normandy, and Richard de T., being principal chamberlain to Ste- phen, assumed that name. John Chamberlayne, its owner, in the reign of Charles I. was an active royalist, and was obliged to compound for his estates. He survived the Com- monwealth, and died in 1668. 2 m. S.E. from Stow Station is Icomh, pronounced Ic-comb, an iso- lated spot of Worcestershire in two hundreds and two counties. The boundary of Gloucestershire and Worcestershire ran through the fire- place in Icomb tower, so that it was a saying — *' You can boil your kettle in Gloucestershire and drink your tea in Worcestershire." The word Ycwm describes its situation on the banks of the Evenlode. King OfFa gave Icomb to the prior and monks of Worcester, and it was set apart to supply provisions for the monastic table. The Ecclesiastical Commis- sioners are now the lords of the manor. The parish includes a Bri- tish settlement, and on the brow of Icomb Hill is the agger of a camp, an earthwork overlooking the great Fosse way which runs below ; and there is another singular earth- work called The Drum " — oblong, with circular projections at the corners. In the village is a remark- able manor-house, built of stone, called "Icomb Place," the residence of the Blackets in the 15th century. This mansion is a unique specimen of its age, and an object of interest to antiquaries. It is now occupied by a worthy agriculturist, who kindly permits visitors to have access to the house. The edifice consists of buildings surrounding two quad- rangles, with characteristic gate- way, flanked by buttresses, with an apartment above, surmounted by an embattled parapet. The original gates of oak remain, thickly studded with nails, and most of the original fittings of the apartments still exist, including internal shutters, wain- scots, massive tables, and a fine roof of the same period. A halberd has remained in the hall for centuries. In one of the kitchens a never-failing stream, conducted from a neigbour- ing spring, is caught in a trough, and passes through an opening in another wall to an external watercourse. The dining hall, with its minstrels' gallery, dais, screen, and ancient table, 22 feet 8 inches long and 5 inches thick, the buttery, the chapel, solar, bed-chambers, and attics re- main unaltered. In one of the windows is the inscription : — "Let others learn to live; there's nothing I Esteem worth learning but the way to die.' One of the most perfect and in- teresting parish churches is that of Icomb, the greater part of it having been built between 1220 and 1230. It consists of chancel, nave, south tran septal chantry, and western tower. The chancel is an exquisite specimen of E. Eng. work. In the east wall there is a triple lancet, with broad divisions between each light, well splayed, and having blended detached shafts and richly moulded arches, with dripstone following each light. There are three lancets in each side wall, north and south, with rere-arches supported by corbels of various designs, — that near the south-west angle by two heads con- joined, probably the founder and his wife, temp. Henry III. To the east of this window is an E. E. priest s door. At the south-east of tlie chancel is a piscina, with two tie- Gloucest. Boute 14. — Bissington Wick — Upper Slaughter. 129 foiled compartments. At the base of the north wall are the choir seats of stone. The eastern gable coping is enriched with the dog- tooth ornament, and surmounted by a cross. There is an opening from the cliancel in the south-west angle which may have been a hagioscope to the chnntry or an entrance to the rood-loft. The chancel arch is plain E.E., resting on square piers. An arch at the S.E. of the nave opens into the chantry. To the west is a porch, of the date of the chancel. The tower is of later date. A Norman processional door in the north wall is a fragment of a former ch. The transeptal cliantry contains E. E. and Perp. work, a piscina with projecting basin, and an arched recess with tomlj and recumbent effigy of Sir John Blacket, one of the heroes of Agincourt, who be- queathed his body to this ch., and 3s. 4:d. to the mother church of Worcester. Above the effigy, and cut through the wall under- neath the canopy of the tomb, is a small pointed light, probably a " squint to the altar of the chapel, in which there is a good Perp. window. This model of an Ear- Eng. ch. was thoroughly yet judiciously re- stored in 1870. 2 m., on the road leading from Stow to Burford (12 m.), Bissington Wick, the first of 3 parishes having a similar deupmination, from their position on the slope of the Cotswold, i. e., rising town ; its ch., restored 1863, exhibits portions of Norm, and E. E. styles. Wyck Hill House (F. J. P. Butler, Esq.). 3 m. Gawcomb House (E. Nichols, Esq.). 4 m. Westcote Church is a small building of E. E. style. In the churchyard is a fine specimen of the sculptured base of a preach- ing-cross. The base is an octagon formed by 8 niches with trefoil heads, in which are mutilated figures. It IG., W. & J?.] is considered to be a work of the 13th centy. 1 m. S. Little Bissington Churchy of mixed styles — the arches dividing the N. aisle being Norm., the chancel E. E., the windows of the nave Dec, the porch and tower Perp. In 1850 the building was thoroughly and judiciously restored. 2J m. Great Bissington. This cruciform ch. exhibits a combination of styles, including Norm., E. E., Dec. and Perp. 2 m. S.W. Lower Slaughter (C. A. Whitmore, Esq.). In this pleasing village, having a trout-stream run- ning through the middle of it, near the Fosseway, a figure of Pallas was found, and is engraved in Camden's * Britannia.' The manor has be- longed to the Whitmore family since 1605. The mansion was erected circ. 1770, and together with the ch. was restored at great expense and in the best taste by the father of the present owner, C. S. Whitmore, Esq., Q.C., Recorder of Gloucester. 3 m. Upper Slaughter, The inte- resting old parish Church has been restored, some fine Norman arches being discovered behind the plaster. In 1855 an elaborate sepulchral cha- pel was added to the ch., contain- ing a richly sculptured altar-tomb of Anglesey marble, to Rev. F. E. Witts (d. 1854) ; erected by contribu- tions of the gentry of the district in which his useful and intellectual career was passed. In the chancel is a monument to Andrew Wanley, Esq., of Eyford, d. 1688 ; also a brass tablet to the memory of John Slaughter, d. 1583. The principal mansion in the village is the residence of Rev. E. F. Witts, the Lord of the Manor. The " Old Manor House,'' now used as a farmhouse, was once the residence of the Slaughter family, and is a fine Elizabethan mansion, having the arms of its former owners over the porch. In this parish is Copse Hill, K 130 Route 15. — Cirencester to Gloucester, Sect. I. the residence of H. A. Brassey, Esq., M.P. 7 m. Bourton-on-tlie-Water Stat., (1 157 Inhab.) (Railway, Wellington, and New Inns). The houses, though detached, form a long street on either side of the river, which is a conflu- ence of streams 80 ft. wide, but not distinguished by name until it reaches the parish of Windrush. A few fur- longs from this village is a camp enclosing about 60 acres, in which 147 swords, coins, pottery, and other vestiges of Roman occupation have been discovered ; the coins include those of Vesj^asian, Antoninus, Pro- bus, Constantino and his sons, Julian the Apostate, Carausius, &c. Thech. was erected in 1784 on the site of the original edifice. The construc- tion of the further portion of the rly. between this locality and Chelten- ham is for the present abandoned. Bourton-on-tlie- Water Stat, is the nearest to Northleach ^ sf e Route 18). 4 m. on 1. Farmington Lodge (Edmund Waller, Esq.). 3J m. from Bourton Stat. Not- grove Stat. This manor passed, in the reign of Henry IV., on the marriage of the heiress of the Brownings to Sir Guy de Whittington, a nephew of the famous Lord Mayor of Lon- don, and was possessed by their descendants until the reign of Eliza- beth. In the Church Sire two recum- bent effigies for two members of this family, conjectured to represent John Whittington, sheriff of this county, 1517, and his son Alexander. A fine old carved screen divides the nave from the chancel, a part of the edifice of much inter est to the anti- quary. It is of the later part of the fourteenth century, lighted by 2 square-headed windows on the south side. It has no light at its eastern end, and by careful stripping during its restoration in 1871, niches were found which had contained sculp- tured liistorical groups, and the walls covered with fresco paintings of Scriptural subjects solve the rather interesting question of how a blank east wall was treated, the whole scheme of the original sculp- tured and coloured decoration coming to light. These and other interest- ing features render this church well worth a visit. The two windows are filled with the figures of the Evan- gelists and St. Bartholomew in stained glass by Clayton and Bell, There is a socket of the cb.-yard cross, with a part of an octagonal shaft of 14th-centy. date. From Notgrove the railway passes by Andoversford (see Rte. 18) to Cheltenham, about 19 m. in all from Chipping Norton Junction. ROUTE 15. CIRENCESTER TO GLOUCESTER, BY DAGLINGWORTH, DUNTESBORNE, AND BIRDLIP. By Road. 17 miles. The communications between these important stations of Roman occu- pation is by the Ermine Street Road (one of the most perfect works of the Romans, and still serving its original purpose as a public road between Cirencester and Gloucester). 1 m. Stratton village, which con- tains many good private residences, is within the parliamentary boundary of Cirencester, and obtained its name from its position on the Roman paved Gloucest. Boute 15. — Daglingworth — Dunteshorne Bous. 131 way. The ancient church has a nave and chancel, to which a north aisle was added some years ago. At a short distance beyond the village a highway on 1. leads to 3 m. Daglingworth. The Church is very ancient, by some thought to be Saxon. Over the S. door is a Saxon Sun-dial. Here pavements and vestiges of an advanced military camp has been discovered. On the roadside are the remnants of an ancient manor-house, of which the porch, staircase, large hall, and anterooms are traceable. It is sup- posed to have belonged to the Bloets, owners of the manor during two centuries prior to a.d. 1500. In 9 Hen. III. Wm. Bloet gave the ad- vowson of this ch. to the uuns of Godstowe, who presented to the Kec- tory until the suppression of religious houses. The remains of an ancient dovecot are near this building. The Church is considered by some antiqua- ries to be of Anglo-Saxon origin, by others to be of Anglo-Saxon cha- racter erected in the Norman period. Some portions of the building are constructed in the style of masonry known as " longs and shorts " — fii st a long stone running up the angle, and then a short tie or length of stone going into the wall ; the stones being of similar dimensions, yet placed in opposite directions. The chancel arch is peculiar to early masonry, bearing such small propor- tion to the ch. Inside this arch there are some curious early sculptures, one representing the Crucifixion, the legs of Christ not being crossed, — a mode of representation which prevailed previous to the 11th centy. The window of the vestry has been formed with a Roman votive altar, on which some letters are discernible. The tower is of 15th-centy. date, and the aisle was added at the restoration of the ch. in 1863. In the ch.-yd. is a cross of massive construction, supposed to be coeval with the ch. It has a square shaft mortised into a socket resting on two heavy steps. 2J m. on E. side of the Ermine Street, Dagham Down is remarkable for a singular kind of stone. " It is found near the surface, upon a bed of fine black earth in detached blocks of the most grotesque formation, with abundant circular perforations of several inches diameter, and deli- cately smooth. The consistence of these is so firm as to resist the effects of weather, and they are frequently of a large size. When used for orna- mental purposes in rustic buildings they seem to answer the leading idea of that order in a manner not to be attained by anything artificial. There is also another stone of very close grain full of petrifactions, and re- sembling the marbles of Derbyshire when polished." — Bigland. Pursuing the same highway from Daglingworth, 4 m. Dunteshorne Rous. — This manor obtains its second appellation from Sir John Kufus or de Rous, whose descendant Lord of the Manor was attainted of treason in 1322. Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchester, gave this manor to the Fellows of Corpus College, Oxford, who are its present owners. The Church, a small building displaying Norm, and Ear. Eng. portions, has a crypt of round barrel vaulting under the chancel, once a chapel entered from the W. end of the chancel : but now a coal- cellar entered by a modern door from the churchyard. Herringbone work exists in the walls. There is no E. window, the chancel having only a narrow Norm, window on each side. There are two early wall paintings and a row of stalls. Near the S. porch is an Ear. Eng. preaching- Cross unusually perfect — " a slender octagonal monolith, 8 ft. 7 in. in height, is mortised into a square socket placed on a basement step." 5| m. Dunteshorne Ahhots, where, in July, 161:4, the Royalist army K 2 132 Boute 15. — Cotteswold House — Brimpsfield. Sect. I. under the command of the King were quartered. Several barrows exist near the road, raised after a murder- ous conflict with the Danes. In one of these, called "Jack's Barrow," when opened in 1834, were found, in a square stone chest, a sword of gigantic length, and a curious earthen vessel, perforated for the action of fire, in which the heart of the Danish general, slain in the conflict, was probably consumed. The ch. was restored for the most part at the expense of W. H. Baillie, Esq., in 1872. From Duntesborne Abbots the Ermine Way may be reached at the Four Mile Inn, and the traveller pursue his way to Gloucester thereby, as follows : Near the Four Mile Inn, and about a mile from the road is seen IJ m. on rt. Cotteswold House (B. Cope, Esq.), a modern freestone residence, erected on a sloping bank, in a very inaccessible position for vehicles. 5J m. Beech Pike. On left Wins- ton ch., a small, old building, with only nave, chancel, porch and small saddle - backed tower. The north and south doors are of interesting Norman work, as also the chancel arch, the nave, and one of the north windows. There is no east window. It was entirely restored in 1876, at a cost of above 900/. 1 m. on rt. Combend. In 1779 the foundations of a Koman house were discovered, in which was a room 56 ft. by 14 ft. ; and in 1787 another house was discovered near the same spot, consisting of 6 rooms in a parallel direction, some of which had tessellated pavements and a hy- pocaust; amongst the ruins were tiles of a rhomboidal form, in which were the iron nails which fastened them, fragments of glass, columns, &c. — Bigland, 409. A sculptured tablet found in these rooms is in the Lysons Collections. 6| m. the small Church of Elkstone has a handsome late Perp. tower opening into the nave, under a lofty E. E. arch. The chancel is very curious, being only 12 ft. in height, having some fine Norman groining, and arches enriched with scrolls of various elaborate sculp- ture, with a staircase leading to a chamber over it, which has no apparent opening to the nave but a lancet window E. The walls of the N. and S. door are Norm., and the cornice of the N. enriched with carved heads : several later windows have been inserted in both nave and chancel, but the E. window, a small one, is a remarkably fine specimen of Norm, enrichment both within and without. There is a handsome Perp. font and the steps and base of a good stone pulpit. — Richman. Over the chancel is the unusual instance of a dove-cot, and the walls are pierced for the access of the birds. Over the S. door is a early bas- relief representing the Saviour en- throned, and holding a book with his symbols, a lamb and a dove. Under the roofing on each side of the ch. on the outside is a series of sculptured heads of men and of animals placed horizontally. The manorial estate passed from the Aston to the Poyntz family in the reign of Richard II. ; the Huntleys of Frocester were its next lords : and in 1630 it was purchased by William, Lord Craven, at whose cost the tower was built. 7§ m. Brimpsfield. A castle was erected here by the Giffards early in the 12th centy., which was demo- lished by the army of Edward II. on their route between Cirencester and Worcester, on account of the hostility of its owner to the De Spencers. A ditch around a rampart covered with brushwood marks its site near the ch., which is part of the once flourish- ing Benedictine Priory. The park was a chartered enclosure, now occu- pied as a farm. William of Worcester, Gloucest. Boute 15. — Birdlip — Leckhampton, 133 writing in 1440, notices "Bremys- felde Parke versus Glocestre per VI. mil. in via vocata Le Fosse ultra Syssetre." The Church consists of a nave and a chancel, without an opening in its east wall. It is conjectured to have been part of the alien Priory of Benedictines, suppressed by Henry V. In the ch.-yd. is an ancient Maltese cross. Frome rivulet, the source of Stroud- water, rises here. 9J m. Birdlip (qy. the Bird's Leap). Invalids are frequently sent from the vale to recruit their health in this healthy spot on the Cotswold after severe illness from febrile attacks. {Inns : Black Horse ; George.) The Ermine Street road is carried down the scarp of the hills at one of the highest points of their range, 970 ft. above the Se- vern. From this eminence the rich vale of Gloucester is expanded to the View, and terminated by the blue mountains of Malvern, which relieve the extreme flatness of the other parts, and give a beautiful eflfect to the whole. The most striking feature in the landscape is the great Consular way, which leads from the base of the hill to the city of Gloucester in a straight line of 6 m. extent. This, though certainly unpicturesque, gives some idea of the masters of the world, whose pub- lic works could be thus completed without the intervention of private property. — Bigland. Birdlip Hill and the woods of Cranham are favourite resorts for tourists and picnic parties, not only from Gloucester and Cheltenham, but from more remote places. These woods extend from Birdlip village for some distance along the slope of the range of hills, and the beech- trees, which flourish with great luxuriance, afibrd not only shade but an infinity of pleasing walks to visitors in summer time. Rudder writes of this much-frequented spot, "If it were possible that the eye could be raised above the horizon so as at once to comprehend this and the several adjoining parishes as far as Edge worth and Bisley he would be highly delighted with the multi- form appearance of hills and dales, woods and pastures, watered by so many streams meandering in a thousand different forms. There are landscapes which have more of the great and wonderful, but few more truly picturesque or of greater rarity than this would be." " Roman pot- tery was mostly made in the neigh- bourhood of places in which it is found ; those kinds of it found at Corinium were probably made at some places on the escarpment of the Cotswold hills, where clays of the upper lias shale are in great abundance, and to this day Cranham^ where probably most of the common Roman pottery was manufactured, furnishes vessels of the same mate- rial. Imitation Roman vases made at Cranham are buried and dug up when opportunity serves, to impose on unwary and young antiquaries." — Buckman and Newmarch. [There is a much frequented road leading from Birdlip to Cheltenham, 5^ m., passing by Crickley Hill, commanding extensive views over the vale in the direction of Tewkes- bury and Malvern. Passing on the slope of Leckhampton (pronounced Lackington) hill (978 ft.), the oolitic escarpment of which is of interest to the geologist, and afibrds a view of the Estuary of the Severn from Newnham to Upton. A curious isolated pinnacle of the rock, known as " The DeviVs Chimney" is a favourite resort of pedestrians. In a depression of this oolite, called Hartley Bottom, is a magnificent beech-tree, 17 ft. in girth. In 1845, in digging for gravel on the hill above the manor-house, a 134 Boute 15. — Witcomhe Park — Badgworth, Sect. I. skeleton was discovered, quite per- i feet, with the frame of an iron cap I fitting to the skull, consisting of an I iron hoop and two bars crossing each other in a knob at the head. A British camp — " a large fortress, two sides of which are defended by a single bank and ditch, the steep escarpments of the hill being a sufficient defence on the others " — rises immediately over the spot where other relics have been found, and large traces of early burials are dis- cernible within a few yards of it. Unburnt pottery of the rudest des- cription has been dug up, and bodies, interred in a very early and unusual manner. The rare frog-orchis (He- beccaria viridis) grows on this spot. Leckhampton Court, the property of the Eev. C. B. Trye, of the ancient Gloucestershire family of that name, formerly of Hardwicke, an old man- sion on the slope of the hill. Hill House (G. B. Witts, Esq.). Bartlow (Major Barnard). Lechhampton Church has been re- built with a lofty central spire, ex- cept the tower and chancel, which are si one-vaulted, the latter having a room over it, and the former bearing a lofty stone spire. There is a large sculptured head of St. Peter in the chancel, over which there is an odd kind of roofing. In the S. aisle there are the recumbent effigies of a knight and lady, supposed to re- present Sir John and Lady Giffard, of the reign of Edw. III. The font is Ear. Norm. date. There are re- cuml)ent stone figures in the ch.-yd. of notables whose memories have passed away. 5 m. Cheltenham (see Kte. 2a).] I 11 J m. Witcomhe Park (Lsidj Cio- jmie), a fine old mansion in a park, [on the slope of the hill, screened [by beech woods, the seat of the Hicks family since 1600. The re- mains of a Koman villa, with baths, discovered in 1818, are carefully pre- served and are accessible to visitors. There is a path from Birdlip village to these remains, which is usually adopted by visitors, who leave their vehicles at the inn. An extensive reservoir supplies Gloucester with water. The small church contains tablets to Sir M. Hicks and others of that family. 13 m. Brockworth. This manor belonged to Llanthony Priory, and in 1541 was given by the king to John Guise, Esq., in exchange for their ancient possession of Aspley Guise in Bedfordshire. Cooper* s Hill was during several descents the seat of the Theyer family. Its owner at the suppression of religious houses had married a sister of the last Prior of Llanthony, by whom the monastic library was conveyed to this house. It was greatly enriched by John Theyer (grandson of the recipient), whose life and productions are de- tailed in the * Athense Oxonienses.' After his decease in 1678 this library, including 800 MSS., were purchased by the king and were part of the royal collection given by King George III. to the British Museum. Wellclose House (W. Davis, Esq.). The ch. dedicated to St. George has some good early Norman arches, and contains a well-executed tablet to Sir Christopher Guise, Bart., the purchaser of Rendcomb, who died 1670. 2 miles to the rt, and behind Brockworth is Badgworth. (4 m. S.E. from the Cheltenham Stat.) Badgioorth Church has a square embattled tower, with nave, south chapel, and chancel, and has been restored in good taste. The coved timber roof of the chancel is sup- ported by corbels of carved stone, representing full-length figures of angels in the act of playing on vari- ous musical instruments, tastefully sculptured. The chancel and E. window have been restored, and the lateral windows are filled with stained Gloucest. Boute 15. — ChurcMown — Barnwood. 135 glass. The principal feature in this j ch. is the chapel of St. Margaret, which is separated from the nave by three pointed arches, and was pro- bably founded by Margaret, Countess of Gloucester, who, with her husband, were seized of Badgworth in the reign of Edward III. The decorated win- dows of this chapel are extremely beautiful ; they are of two lights, enriched with the ball-flower even to the foliations of the lights, and their mouldings are numerous and varied. The circular doorway is similarly enriched with the ball-flower. The southern restored porch retains its old oaken door, and massive oak parish chests appear on either side of the porch itself. Badgworth Court (Mrs. Selwyn Payne). The Greenway (W. Fowler, Esq.). 15 m. on rt. CJiurchdown (a Stat, on the rly.), pronounced " Chosen," an outlier of the oolite escarpment, 4 m. in circumference, rising 500 ft. above the^ plain. It affords an example of a hill formed by denudation, such as may be observed in a very prominent degree along parts of the Yale of Worcester and Gloucester shires. The quarries on the tabular summit are scantily covered with yellowish sandy loam, containing spheroidal concretions of hard calcareous grit, called " men's heads " by the work- men. These nodules resemble those which mark the lines of stratification in the coast cliffs near Bridport. — Murchison. Near the summit this hill breaks into irregularities, on the highest of which is the Church, of late Pointed style and square pinnacled tower at its W. end thus inscribed — " This bel hous was buylded in the yeare of our Lord God 1601.'' It is placed on the verge of an irregular-shaped camp, much injured by the quarriers, of which the ramparts, covert way, and well remain. The vallum on the S. side is placed on the edge of a very steep glacis of the hill. The Church consists of nave, chancel, aisle and parvise porch, the latter a good specimen of groined work. The windows are filled with Perp. tracery, and tliere are some zigzag mouldings of a doorway, relics of semi-Norman work. In the chancel is a tablet to the memory of Sir Eobert Austen, Bt., of Dartford (d. 1743), and also for the Windowe family. 15 J m. Barnwood. In this parish I Sir Edmund Sanders, appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench in 1683, was born of parents in humble circumstances. Lord Camp- bell says he ran from home to avoid the cruel treatment of a step -father, and obtained a place in an attorney's chambers in London, where he edu- cated himself in writing, and by diligence obtained means to enter an Inn of Court, and eventually to attain one of the highest dignities of his profession. He left a legacy of 20Z. to tlie poor of Barnwood (see Fosse). The Church, approached by an imposing avenue of elms, has a good Norm, arch between the nave and chancel, and various portions of later date. The tower was added in 1514 by Parker, last abbot of Glou- cester, whose arms occur on an escutcheon near the doorway. There is a font of Perp. work and of un- usual size, once richly decorated with sculptures. The Barnwood House Hospital for the Insane is an excellently arranged establishment for 140 patients, under the superintendence of Dr. F. Need- ham, and is managed by a commit- tee of county magistrates. Paying patients, ladies as well as gentlemen, are received ; whilst others, who can less afford it, are taken at little more than nominal rates. The pains and I ability with which this asylum is managed go far to render it as per- fect an institution for the treatment 136 Boute 16. — Cirencester to Gloucester. Sect. I. and care of the insane as it is pos- sible to arrive at. 16 m. Wootton Hamlet, now a suburb of Gloucester. 16i m. Gloucester. (See Kte. 1.) KOUTE 16. CIRENCESTER, BY EDGEWORTH AND BIRDLIP, TO GLOUCESTER. A most charming alternative route from Cirencester to Birdlip is by Lord Bathursfs Park, Edgeworth, and Miserden, instead of by the direct Ermine Way. Passing through the park to a spot known as Park Corner, 4 m., and there turning to the right, in an- other mile cross roads are reached, where turning to the left the traveller passes 5 m. Duntesborne House (W. Hunter Baillie, Esq.), erected in 1750 on a peculiar plan by Sir Mark Pleydell, by whom it was bequeathed to his relative, the Earl of Eadnor. It stands on a slope of the wolds, overlooking a deep valley clothed with a varied foliage, and com- manding most pleasing scenery. This spot became the retreat, in 1819, of the eminent physician. Dr. Baillie, who hoped at this salu- brious spot to arrest in retirement that failure of strength which was ascribed to the fatigues of business. He died here in 1823, and there is a tablet to his memory in the E. E. ch. " Justice cannot be done to Dr. Baillie' s medical character unless that important feature in it which appeared in every part of his con- duct and demeanour, his religious principle, be distinctly stated and recognised." — Sir H. Halford. 6 m. on the opposite hill side in a lovely situation, Edgeworth Manor (Francis James, Esq.), erected on the site of a Roman villa, the masonry of which is visible in the cellars. The present house was built origin- ally about 1700 by Nat. Ridler, but has been much altered and enlarged by the present possessor. The draw- ing-room is lined with oak panels carved with Scriptural subjects and heraldic devices, collected by a pre- vious owner, E. Hopkinson, Esq. In 1844 some curious early Egyp- tian remains were dug up in the gardens, supposed to have been con- cealed by the Roman occupants on leaving the kingdom a.d. 409. Near the mansion is an hexagonal canopy of early Elizabethan work, surmounted by ogee arches and terminated by a figure of Aquarius, erected 1636 over a conduit in Glou- cester. In 1837, on its threatened destruction by railway works, Mr. Hopkinson, the owner of Edgeworth, purchased this interesting architec- tural relic, and reconstructed it in this sequestered spot. The Anglo- Norm. Church consists of a nave, tower, and chancel, with piscina, sedilia, and roodloft-stairs entire. The chancel, restored 1867, is of Norman architecture, whilst the re- mainder of the ch. was restored chiefly at the cost of the late H. G. W. Sperling, Esq., who then owned the manor, in 1872. 9 m. Miserden. A small yet neat village of timbered houses of recent date. Miserden Park (E. A. Leatham, Esq., M.P.) is an ancient mansion on an eminence, and traditionally re- ported to have been erected with the materials of the castle of the Musards, Gloucest. Boute 17. — Cirencester to Cheltenham. 137 its early possessors. The rooms are spacious, and the chimney range in the dining hall is ornamented with the arms of Sandys carved on wood. It was garrisoned by 300 men of the Parliamentary army in the Civil Wars. This manor was, with other estates, given by the Conqueror to Hascoit Musard, a Norman who sub- sequently attained baronial rank. It continued with his descendants to the reign of Edw. II., when it was escheated to the Crown. Hen. VIII. gave this manor to Sir Anthony Kingston: it next belonged to the Jernegans of Norfolk, of whom it was purchased in 1608 by Sir W. Sandys, whose descendants retained it for several generations. It eventually became the property by purchase of the Kt. Hon. Sir John Rolt, who raised himself to be the re- presentative of the Western Div. of Gloucestershire, his native county, was some time Attorney-General, and afterwards a Lord J ustice of Ap- peal in Chancery; at his death it was acquired by the present owner. The Park, which is watered by the small river Frome, is renowned for the growth of its beech-trees. The Anglo-Saxon Church of Miser- deriy restored in 1868, consists of a nave, a low embattled tower, and two small transepts of modern structure. " In a chapel on south side of chancel is a costly marble altar-tomb, with the recumbent effigies of Sir William Sandys and his lady, in alabaster, their heads resting on a cushion and their feet on their separate crests: the former (d. 1640) in a suit of armour, the lady (d. 1644) attired in the most fashionable dress of that age. The sculpture is accurately copied from paintings of the knight and his lady by Sir Cornelius Jans- sen, which were sent to Italy for that purpose. The lace, bracelets, and even the nicest parts of the lady's dress, are most exquisitely finished. On the sides of the tomb are the kneeling figures of their ten children in their usual costume. This superb monument cost lOOOZ., and is in an excellent state of pre- servation. — Bigland. An altar- tomb with a cumbent figure of a man in armour represents William Kingston, Esq., Sheriff of the County (d. 1614). A stone monument of a man and woman in a kneeling position, with four children, is in memory of Anthony and Alice Partridge, 1625. Sutgrove (Mrs. Daniel Mills) stands off the road to the left between Edge worth and Miserden, a slope commanding an extensive prospect. Wishanger, during many years a seat of a family named Partridge, is a timbered mansion of the 16th centy. This is on a cross-road from Miser- den to Birley, by which the traveller might reach Stroud if he pleased in about 7 miles. The highway is continued beyond Miserden through Cranham Wood to Birdlip, where it joins the road to Gloucester Stat, (see preceding Route and Rte. 2a). ROUTE 17. CIRENCESTER TO CHELTENHAM, BY CUBBERLEY, SEVEN WELLS, AND CHARLTON KINGS. By Road. 15 miles. This route commences by the Ermine Street Way to Stratton, be- yond which a new road on rt. leads by Baunton to Perrots Brook, 3 m. Baunton was the property of a 138 Boute 17. — Bagendon — Bendcomh Barh. Sect. I, family named George, of whom J ohu George was M.P. for Cirencester before, during, and after the Com- monwealth. At Perrots Brook on rt. a highway leads to the Fosseway and to Chedworth. On 1. J m. is Bagendon, This small Churcli is in the Norman style, and contains some neat memorial tablets. In the E. window is some good painted glass of 15th-century work, on widch are displayed the arms of Sir \Vm. Nottingham, Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 1479-83, whose parents resided in Cirencester. Bagendon House (James Capel Croome, Esq.) 4 m. North Cerney House (W. Fielder Croome, Esq.), erected in 1780 for Col. Tyndale, whose ances- tor purcha>ed the estate from the | family of Rich. On the Downs horse-races were formerly held which I enjoyed an extensive local reputa- ' tion. The vestiges of a Roman out- post, with circumvallations, can here be clearly traced at the back of the mansion. The Perp. Church, a cruciform structure, contains good stained glass and modern memorial windows. The east window is of beautiful E. English wwk, lately restored from traces found in the pointed arch on the inside. The pulpit is of stone, with some good sculptured wwk. In the S. aisle is a monument to Thomas Rich, a Master in Chancery (d. 1647 inscribed with the names of his ten sons and five daughters. The ancient preaching-cross stands near the S. porch on three steps. The shaft is a tapering octagon formed of two stones, united by an iron clamp. [2 m. E. of N. Cerney by cross- road, in the hamlet of Calmsden, is a picturesque wayside cross, sup- posed to have been erected by the Knights Templars of Quenington, "V^ho held large possessions here. " There is somethino: in the build- ing itself, grey and weather-beaten as it is, which conveys to the eye an idea of chasteness in the design such as we are accustomed to as- sociate with monuments of this de- scription appertaining to the early part of the 14th centy. The struc- ture consists of 4 steps, and a pedes- tal or socket, into which is inserted a taper octagonal shaft, surmounted by a cube whose sides face the four cardinal points. The site of the cross is extremely well chosen. Ele- vated on a rising slope on the N. side of the glen, it stands out a con- spicuous object from whichever side it is approached, and the visitor can- not fail to be struck with the beauty of this sequestered nook, shaded as it is by tlie luxuriant foliage of some fine old elms." — Pooley. There was formerly a chap'el in this township. 3 m. beyond this cross is Ched- \ worth Perpend, church, which con- tains a pulpit of carved stone of ex- cellent workmanship.] Pursuing the Cheltenham Road from N. Cerney, 5 m. Bendcomh Park (J. Taylor, Esq.), an ancient demesne on the river Churn, of great extent, and enriched with ornamented spreads of wood. This manor was possessed at the Conquest by the Saxon chief Aluric, and has enjoyed from that period a succession of notable owners. By Wm. I. it was given to Turold ; by Wm. II. to Robert Earl of Glou- cester, whose heiress took it to the De Clares ; on the death of Gilbert de Clare at Bannockburn, it devolved on his sister, wife of Piers Gaveston ; her daughter and heiress married Lord Stafford ; on the attainder of Stafford Duke of Buckingham, who was slain in the Wars of the Roses, it was given by Edw. IV. to Neville, E. of Warwick ; at his death it was pur- chased by the wealthy merchant John Tame, whose son, Sir Edmund T., dying s. p., Rendcomb passed to his I sister, Lady Stafibrd. In 1571 it Gloucest. Boute 17. — Bendcomh — Coleshorne Park, 139 was sold to the Berkeleys, and by the latter in the reign of Ciiaries II. to Sir Christopher Gui^e, who was created a baronet in 1661, erected a new mansion, and died ia 1670. His successor Sir John Guise was an active supporter of the Revolution in 1688, when he raised and clothed a regiment at his own expense, in command of which he obtained pos- session of Bristol for the Prince of Orange against the efforts of the Duke of Beaufort and the friends of King James. He was elected M.P. for his county six times, and died from an attack of small-pox in 1695, a few weeks after his re-elec- tion to that parliament. His exces- sive zeal involved him in serious quarrels with his opponents, and he had a very narrow escape of his life in a duel with Sir R. Atkyns, junr., at Barret's Brook : — " Sir Robert ran Sir John through the body, he fall- ing at the same time into a saw-pit, the, sword breaking in his body.'* His son, another Sir John, was a representative of the county, and died 1735. On the demise in 1783 of Sir W. Guise, Bt., Reudcomb was inherited by his only sister and her husband, Dr. Shute Barrington, Bp. of Durham. In 1864 it was pur- chased by Sir F. H. Goldsmid, Bart., M.P.; who erected a mansion in the Italian style, from designs of P. Hardiviche, on the site of the old house, near which an elm, planted in 1666, commemorates the fire of London; it is a remarkable tree, 100 ft. in height, and 36 ft. in girth. Pope, writing from Rendcomb in 1721, observes, " I look upon the mansion, walls and terraces, the plantations and slopes which Nature has made to command a variety of valleys and rising woods, with a veneration mixed with pleasure." The Church, erected by Sir E. Tame circ. 1520, contains ancient glass of excellent quality and in good preservation, being the surplus glass not required for Fairford Ch. : the corbels are unusually rich, with the letters E. T., and the building, lately restored, is an excellent specimen of the Tudor style. There is an altar- tomb for the Berkeleys, and a memo- rial chapel in wliich members of the Guise family have been buried from 1695-1864. The Anglo-Norman font, sculptured with figures of the Apos- tles, is in good preservation. It properly belongs to the chapel at Elmore Court, but was removed at some period to Rendcomb, and con- verted into a garden ornament. At the request of the present rector, it was presented to him by the late Sir John Guise, Bart., and restored in Rend(iomb Ch. to its sacred uses, thus introducing a Norman feature which it may some day puzzle the archaiologist to account for. Three steps and a portion of an octagonal shaft are the only remains of the ancient cross. 7i m. Coleshorne Parh (J. H. El- wes, Esq.) a handsome Elizabethan mansion, erected from designs of David Brandon. The Perp. ch., in the shape of a long cross, with tran- septs, a tower, and a porch, has been judiciously restored at the cost of Mr. Elwes, and with the neatly-built school-house and cottages renders this in every respect a " model vil- lage." The remains of a Roman villa were discovered here in 1779, containing a pavement 56 ft. by 14 ft., with the tessellated pavement of a room adjoining ; near it was a range of 6 apartments 12 ft. square. An eminence known as Coles- horne Pen is one of the highest summits of the Cotswold range. 10 m. Cowley Manor House, re- built at the clocse of the 17th centy., underwent extensive alterations from its former owner, J. Hutchinson, Esq. The ch., a good example of Ear. Eng., containing a recumbent efiigy without armour, with a talbot cou- chant at the feet, of the 14th centy., was restored in 1872. 140 Boute 17 —Seven Wells — Charlton Kings. Sect. I. 10 J m. Cubberley Church, enlarged in 1330 by Thomas Berkeley, whose sepulchral effigy still remains. " Va- rious monuments of the sculpture of a remote era are still undestroyed. Two recumbent figures on either side the altar, in the dress of the 14th centy., are probably Sir Thomas Berkeley and his wife Joan, who subsequently married Sir Wm. Whit- tington, the father of the celebrated Lord Mayor of London. A semi- effigy of a knight holding a heart upon an escutcheon is that of Sir Giles de Berkeley, whose body was interred at Little Malvern, and his heart in this church in 1295. A recumbent figure of a female of about a yard in length, and rdany slabs mutilated, broken, and robbed of their brasses, still exist." — Big- land. The salubrity of the locality is best evidenced by the tablets to 5 of its rectors, who died at the re- spective ages of 105, 97, 85, 75, 92. It belonged in the civil wars to the Earl of Downe, by whom Chas. I. was several times entertained in 1643. Pegglesworth, on rt., is another of the high summits of the Cotswold. 1 1 J m. The Seven Wells, or Seven Springs. This spot commands a prospect from Worcester city to the Downs above Marlborough. Many small springs gush out of the rocky ground, and flow into a pond within the boundary of a tastefully arranged garden. This is the source of the river Churn, the most inland of the streams which fall into the Thames, and it has therefore been considered by many, including Leland, to be the true head of that river. " The principal Hedde," he writes, "of Churn risith at Coberle, wher is the Hed Howse of Sir John Bridges.'* 13 m. Charlton Kings (3950 Inhab.), an extensive and fertile parish, watered by the River Chelt, contains a number of detached residences, tenanted by persons in good social positions. The parish Church, a large yet plain building, has some E. E. and Perp. portions and is filled with memorials of former inhabitants. It has lately been thoroughly restored. There is a very fine Churchyard Cross of 15th- centy. date ; a tapering octagonal shaft 7 ft. in height is fixed in a massive octagonal socket placed on two steps. The square block affixed to the shaft is modern. Another Church, the Holy Apos-' ties," built at the expense of C. E. Higgs, Esq., at a cost of 7000Z., was opened inM871. Great taste has been lavished upon it. The stem- like pillars of the nave, supporting the symmetrical Perp. arches, are en- riched with chastely -chiselled capi- tals — the subjects upon which the sculptor has exercised his art being common groupings of leaves and fruit, flowers and birds. In the nave, every corbel has been carved into the head of primitive apostle or modern martyr ; in the aisles, the window arches terminate in chiselled faces of some of the world's greatest thinkers and philosophers, includ- ing Luther to Melancthon ; in the chancel, the sculptor and decorator have vied with each other in pro- ducing rich and varied efiects ; the walls are encrusted with groups of angels in various positions of wor- ship or adoration, and the roof is a burnished vault, glowing with gold and pigments of various colours. The maple-stained woodwork of the roof is elaborately decorated with crosses, monograms, and ecclesiastical sym- bols. The alternation of Bath and dark grey Forest stone in the chan- cel arch and the arches of the chancel aisle produces a happy efiect. The three-quarter figures of the Apostles, between the arches of the nave, are boldly and efiectively carved, and the clerestory is a good contrast from the simplicity and comprehensive- ness of its design. The church is built in the Geometrical Decorated Gloucest. Boute 18. — Cheltenham to Burford, 141 style, and consists of a nave, 82 ft. by 25 ft. and 45 ft. high ; with side asles of similar length, 12 ft. wide. The chancel is 40 ft. by 21 ft. with an apsidal termination, and is lighted by five two-light windows. There are also north and south chancel aisles. The chancel is divided into two parts by a sanctuary arch over the altar-rails, which is supported by marble columns, two on each side, resting on corbels of groups of angels playing on musical instruments. Between the arches of the nave are twelve three-quarter figures of the Apostles, enclosed in circles. There is an entire absence of plastering throughout the interior, the whole being lined with Bath stone, the chancel and chancel-arch being made more striking than the other parts, by the introduction of blue Forest stone. The upper part of the pulpit is of oak, resting on a base of Caen stone and marble. The reredos is of Caen stone, alabaster and marble, and is divided into three compartments, the centre one being occupied by a carving, representing the Last Supper. The font (the gift of the late Rev. H. (t. Liddell) is octagonal, with carved subjects on every side, from the Old and New Testaments; the bowl is of Caen stone and alabaster, supported on a grey granite base. The west window is filled with Hardman^s stained glass, and is in memory of the late Mr. E. Potter of East Court. A tower and spire are to be added. Charlton Park (L. Clowes, Esq.), Battledown Knowle (S. H. Gael, Esq.), Stanley Lodge (Sir Brook Kay, Bt.), Bafford House (Lady Leighton), Whithorn (Col. Holmes). 15 m. Cheltenham. (See Ete. 2a.) EOUTE 18. CHELTENHAM TO BUR FORD, BY NORTHLEACH. By Eoad. 22^ miles. The Turnpike Eoad between Chel- tenham and Burford was once the direct route from South Wales and Herefordshire to the metropolis. Since the opening of the G. W. Eailway through traffic has been diverted to the more expeditious mode of conveyance, but this tho- roughfare has remained of import- ance to the inhabitants of East Gloucestershire, who, though often promised, have only lately by means of the Cheltenham and Banbury Line obtained the facilities of rail- way travelling. 4 m. Dowdeswell. The cruciform Church has a transept of equal height and dimensions. The tower was erected 1577. A brass effigy of a man in a robe diapered with roses and fleurs-de-lis in the chancel is, according to Gough, intended for Eobt. Eglesfield, founder of Queen's Oxford, who died 1349. There are marble monuments for members of the Eogers family, with a bust of Wm. Eogers, Senior Master in Chan- cery, who died 1734; for Edw, Eich, Bencher of Lincoln's Inn (d. 1680). 4J m. on rt. Dotodeswell House (E. Coxwell Eogers, Esq.). A mansion in the Corinthian style, placed on an eminence, and embosomed in the wood of a deer park, having in front a sheet of ornamental water formed by widening a small stream which rises in the parish. This manor was 142 Boute 18. — Sandy well ^ark — Sevenhampton, Sect. I. purchased from Sir Kalph Sadler in the reign of Queen Elizabeth by an ancestor of its present possessor. 5 m. Sandy loell Park. On digging the foundations for this mansion, erected temp. Geo. I., leaden coffins were disturbed near the surface, supposed to be of Romans after their conversion to Christianity. This estate was obtained by Sir John Den- ham, the author of " Cooper's Hill,' next by Sir Wm. Morley, and then by James Earl of Derby, coming to each of them by marriage with heiresses. It subsequently belonged to Henry Lord Conway, of whose son, the Earl of Hertford, it was purchased by T. Tracy, Esq., M.P. for this county, 1763-70. It is now occupied by patients mentally affected. A pleasing and varied ascent, 5 m. through the minor valleys of the Cots wolds, prettily varied by swells, slopes, and falls, and charmingly wooded, leads to Andoversford Inn and posting-house, near which a sharp encounter took place between the 2 parties in the civil wars, and 2 officers with 25 soldiers were taken prisoners by the Eoyalitts. [1 m. to left from Andoversford is Whittington. A bronze celt was found here in 1861, 5 J in. in length, of the wedge form, and the centre of the blade embellished with a series of lines. In the Anglo-Norm. ch. are figures of Crusaders and an ela- borate marble monument for Thos. Tracey, M.P., d. 1770. The Court, an Elizabethan mansion, was restored in 1865. F]oni Whittington is reached, through Syreford, 2 m. left, SevenJiampton (Mrs. Lawrence), in whose possession is an interesting relic of Anglo-Saxon work of the 10th or early part of the 11th centy., found on sinking the abutments at the Haw bridge — 10^ inches in dia- meter, and 1| in. high. It is sup- posed to have been used as a laver bowl for washing the hands after meals. The centre compartment contains a representation of a man dying, with two figures {Parex) before him, one holding a pair of shears, the other a lock of hair ; " SCILLA . METENS . CKINEM , MER- CATUR . CRiMiNE." Above is the History of Ganymede, "armiger . ECCE . JOVIS . GANIMEDEM . SUSTULIT . ALis." — 1. Ganymede, "porricat . UT . SCIATOS . DIS . CONVIVATIBUS . APTOS." — 2. History of Orpheus and Eurydice, " legibus . inferni . MOTIS . PROSE^INA . REDDI." " EU- RIDICEM . JUSSIT . SEDEAM . MORS . ATRA . REDUxiT." — 3. Cercs and Triptolemus, " MATER . larga . ce- res . MTSERATA . FAME . PEREUNTES.*' " TRIPTOLEMI . MANIBVS . COMMISIT . SEMiNis . usus." — All the figures are engraved in outline. It is possible that at the dissolution of alien prio- ries, in the reign of Henry V., or at the general suppression, in 1534, it was thrown into the river for the purpose of concealment, and, being buried in the sands, could not after- wards be found. " The Church is part E. E., if not / of an older date. The tower, which / is Perp., is not of the full width j of the south transept, so that the \ S.W. angle rests on a detached pier which forms a remarkable and very \ picturesque feature in the interior, \ There is some good mediaeval domes- \ tic work in this and the adjoining parish of Whittington." — Petit. On Wycombe farm extensive re- mains of Koman occupation were discovered in 1861. This place is conjectured to have been the site of a large military station with an ad- jacent town of some extent. The vestiges explored were traced over an area of 30 acres, disclosing founda- tions of extensive buildings, includ- ing a semicircular wall 75 ft. in length, part of an amphitheatre or place of public resort. Articles in great variety were found ; objects G LOUCEST. Boute 1 8 . — Withington — Northleach, 143 in iron and in bronze ; beads and other specimens ot* ^lass ; pottery in large quantities, includiiijj: two jars nearly perfect, and figured Samian ; boar tusks, deer horns, &c. ; broken statues, sculptured stones, some stone altars, &c., some evidently of British work. More than 1000 coins were found, a number of large brass of Germanicus, Alexander Seveius, Antoninus, Constant ius, and Diocle- tian. The most interesting article dis- covered was a bronze draped statuette of Mars, of highly finished workman- ship, measuring 3 ft. in height. An engraving of it may be seen in the ' Gentlemen's Magazine,' Oct. 1864 : " The paludamentum thrown grace- fully over the shoulder, and the greaves which it wears, are consi- dered by some antiquaries of emi- nence to be unequivocal evidence of Grecian origin — by others it is held to be Koman.*' — Ih. J m. further north, and behind Sevenhampton, Brockhampton Park(G. C. Colquitt Craven, Esq.) is a stone mansion in the mediaeval style, enlarged and partly rebuilt in 18G4, placed on a slope in a secluded but picturesque ravine.] 7 m. The village of Shipton Solers, from which by a road to the right by Frog Mill Inn is reached in 2^ miles, Withington, a manor given to the see of Worcester under the Hept- archy. The Church (restored 1872) has Norm, portions, with others of a later character. The N. and S. doors and the arch leading to the chancel are ornamented with zigzag mould- ings. The S. transept was a burial i chapel of the Lords Chedworth. There is an altar-tomb (1642), with the recumbent figures of a man and i woman, for Sir John Howe, his wife, and eight children ; another for Kev. ' W. Osborne, with a quaint Latin epi- : taph ; brass plates for Mrs. KnoUes, < d. 1614; Dr. Falkner, d. 1709. In 1811 the foundations of a Roman ' villa were discovered near the Colne with several curious mosaic pave- ments — portions of which laid on slabs of Portland stone are in the British Museum. From Shipton Solers J m. left is Shipton Oliffe, Norm. Ch. restored ill 1868. 10 m. a cross-road to rt. leading 1 m. to Compton Abdale, or " Compton-in- the-Hole." This manor belonged in 1608 to Sir Richard Grubham, Bart., from whom it descended to his nephew Sir John Howe, whose son Sir Richard erected a substantial mansion (now a farmhouse) with gardens on the bank of the River Colne. 12J m. on left of the road, Hamp- nett. Upon opening in 1781 a small part of a tumulus, near the Roman Fosseway in this parish, it was found to be full of graves made of rude massy stones collected togt ther, some of them about 6 feet long, 3 feet wide, and li ft. thick ; these were put in or on the ground bideways, in rows, and the bodies deposited north and south in the compartments. The whole was covered over with lesser stones and earth, which made the tumulus, though several of the larger stones appeared above the surface. Each compartment contained a body. The tumulus was 20 yards long and 10 broad. In the small ch. are marble tablets for two ladies of the Howe family, with elaborate details of their accomplishments. 13 m. the Ermine Way is crossed at rt. angles ; and in J m. more the traveller reaches 13^ m. Northleach {Inn: Wheat- sheaf), a small town on the river Leach (Pop. 1500), in a healthy yet desolate hollow of the Cotswold range, and on the Roman Fosseway, once a flourishing seat of the cloth- ing-trade. The large and handsome Perp. Churchj nearly uniform in plan, 144 Boute 18, — Stowell Park : Boman Villa, Sect. L consists of a nave, aisles, lofty em- battled tower, chancel, finely arched western porch, early font and stone pulpit. The jbuilding was indebted to one clothier, John Forty, for its roof, 1458 ; and to another, William Bicknell, for its south chapel and perhaps for its unusually fine porch, 1840. It contains several monumen- tal Brasses in excellent preservation, of merchants engaged in the wool trade of the 15th centy., with the woolpack and fleece denoting their occupation. Thos. Forty (1447); John Forty (1458) ; Wm. Scots (1420); William Lawnder, a priest in surplice (1530) ; on S. wall of S. transept, acrostic of 20 verses for Mawd Parker, who died in child- birth, 1584 ; Eobert Serche and Anne his wife, with 3 sons and 1 dau., 1501. A woolman and wife, c. 1485, with 2 sons and 2 daus. Thos. Bushe, woolman and merchant of the staple, of Calais, 1525, and his wife Joan, 1526, with canopy and inscription. The sedilia are perfect, but E. and W. windows are blocked up. The patronage of the well-endowed grammar school, founded by Hugh Westwood in 1559, is vested by statute in the Provost and Fellows of Queen's College, Oxford. From Northleach 2J west by the Ermine Way, 9i m. Stowell Park (Earl of Eldon) was purchased by the late distin- guished judge. Sir William Scott, and from this estate he took his title on his creation as a peer in 1821. It belonged early in the 17th century to Sir Kichard Grubham, from whom it was inherited by his nephew Sir John Howe, who was elevated to the peerage in 1741 as Baron Ched- worth, a title which became extinct on the death of the fourth baron in 1804. Stowell Park was the resi- dence of these noblemen until 1781. This place was of residential impor- tance ui»der the Tudors. Leland remarks, "The elder house of the Tame's is at Stowel by Northleche. Mr. Horne of Oxfordshire, dwellinge by Langeley, hath married this Tame, daughter and heir, and shaul have by her 80 li of land by the yere." The heiress of Home married Anthony Bourne, by whom this property was sold to Sir Richard Atkinson of Oxford, whose son Robert A., recorder of that city, rebuilt the mansion in the reign of Elizabeth. On this estate, under the Chedworth woods, a Roman villa accidentally discovered in 1864 by a gamekeeper seeking a stray ferret and pulling out a quantity of tesserae, has many attractions, not only from its sequestered position, its tessel- lated pavements and extensive ap- purtenances, but because it enables us to understand to a certain extent the country life of an influential Romanized Britain. This historic relic has been rescued from ob- livion by the diligent research of Mr. Farrer and the liberality of the Earl of Eldon. It consists of 20 chambers communicating with a cor- ridor of great extent. The tessellated pavements are in good preservation, and in the principal apartments show a beauty of design and an elegance of form and colour equal to any yet discovered in this country. The bath establishment is unusually extensive and complete. The original walls are standmg to the height of 4 ft. Coins, consular and imperial, with a vast quantity of most curious and interesting objects, have been brought to light, and are care- fully preserved, — articles of do- mestic use in glass, earthenware, and iron, monumental remains, tab- lets, altars, statuettes, relievi, a large mass of iron, apparently for manufacturing purposes, and a pair of compasses of larger dimensions than hitherto known of the Roman era. In the immediate neighbour- hood of the villa are the founda- tions of two temples, one rounds the Gloucest. Soute IS,— Sherborne Park, 145 other square, the latter of consider- able area, and from the portions of its massive architrave still preserved, probably a building of architectural importance. These two sacred build- ingrs suggest the presence of a con- siderable colony of worshippers. Two tumuli close by prove that an earlier and ruder race had preceded them at this locality. In one of these mounds, under a great heap of stones, was found a stone cist, containing a black fictile vessel, full of burnt bones. No metal was found with this inter- ment, but a few flint chips, and there is a remarkable scarcity of weapons, statuary, and pottery. And not the least interesting are 4 stones in- scribed with the sacred monogram, the Greek "Chi" and "Kho" in combination, forming CHR ., the first letters of the name of Christ. Sub- stantial buildings have been erected by the liberality of Lord Eldon to protect these remains from the wea- ther. In them every object of interest that has been discovered is arranged and classified. The ancient walls are protected by copings formed of the original roofing tiles which covered the villa. Stoves have been placed within the sheds, and every precaution taken to preserve these monuments from further decay or injury. There is also a residence for a curator, under whose superinten- dence these interesting remains can be inspected. 1 m. N. of Northleach at Norbury is a large camp with a double agger, supposed to be Roman, enclosing an area of 80 acres. At St. John 8 Ash, near the Great Fosseway, Roman remains and coins have been discovered. 15 m. on 1. Farmington (Edmund Waller, Esq.). 16 J m. on left, Sherborne Parh (The Lord Sherborne), restored 1831, an Elizabethan mansion, improved at the Restoration from designs [G., W, d' H.-\ of Inigo Jones, once a hunting- seat of the abbots of Winohcomb, stands in a fertile valley, watered by one of the tributaries of the river Windrush. This estate, which be- longed to Winchcombe Abbey, was acquired in 1553 by Thomas Button, Esq., since which period it has been the residence of his descendants. William Button, who inherited this property on the decease of his uncle in 1656, was eldest son of Sir Ralph B., a gallant cavalier and a Gentle- man of the Chamber to Chas. I. His estate was confiscated for his fidelity to his sovereign, and he met with a premature death in 1646 by the wreck of the vessel in which he embarked for the Continent. His son was an intended husband for one of the Protector*s daughters. Sir Ralph Button, M.P. for Gloucester- shire 1679-98, entertained the unfor- tunate Buke of Monmouth at Sher- borne in 1681. James B., Esq., M.P. for this county, was raised to the peerage in 1784 as Baron Sher- borne. The Church, enlarged in 1850 by the late Lord S., adjoins the house, and consists of a nave, chancel, tower, and handsome spire. In the chancel are monuments in white marble for Sir John B., Bart., in a Roman dress, by Byshrach — he was M.P. for this county, 1727-34, and died 1742 — and lor J. Lennox Button, Esq., d. 1776, by Westmacott. There are tablets for 1st Lord Sherborne, d, 1820; the Princess Bariatinsky, his daughter, d. 1807 ; Lady Sherborne, a figure of Faith, life-size; also a full-length figure of John B., Esq., d. 1656, covered by a winding-sheet, the folds of which are skilfully disposed. This gentleman having been imprisoned for refusing to contribute to the loan for ship-money, was elected M.P. for Gloucestershire in 1640 by those who smarted under the acts of the Government; but perceiving that the popular party were more anxious to overturn than establish L 146 Boiite IS. — Windrush — JBarrington Tarh ; Church, Sect. I. the Constitution, he joined the Eoyalists in Oxford, and sat in the parliament there, for which conduct he was denounced as a delinquent, and heavily fined. There are tw^o purks belonging to Lord Sherborne, one adjoining the mansion, the other a short distance from it, having a lodge house within its enclosure. Bradley, Eegius Professor of Astro- nomy at Oxford, was born here in 1692 of humble parents. 18^ m. on left of road, Windrush, which confers its name on the stream wliicli rises at Guiting and joins the Thames at Newbridge. Entrencli- ments and tumuli prove this locality to have been the scene of military transactions between the Britons and Saxons. In the quarries bi- valves and a variety of fossil remains abound. Behind Windrush lies Barring- ton Park (Edw. Rhys Wingfield, Esq.), purchased 1784 by Lord Chan- cellor Talbot, Baron of Hensol, who erecled the mansion on an eminence 300 yds. above the river Windrush. It is spacious, in the Doric style, and situated in a well-timbered park nearly 8 m. in circumference. Here he enjoyed field-sports in his leisure hours, and dispensed a cheerful and liberal hospitality. His sudden de- cease at the age of 57, whilst enjoying his high dignity, occasioned general consternation and regret. His abili- ties and virtues are noticed by con- temporary writers of each party and sect, and are thus alluded to by Tope : — " Wbo is it copies Talbot's better part To ease th' oppress'd, and raise the sinking heart ? Where'er he shines, 0 Fortune, gild the scene, And angels guard him in the golden mean. At Barrington shall English bounty stand, And Hensol's honour never leave the land : His g'oiies in h^s pro^^elly shall shine, And propagate the virtue still divine." " He was an illustrious exception to the venality charged upon the pro- fession of the law : his life was mo- ral, his heart was good, and his head was clear ; nor did ever man fill that high station with greater abilities and approbation of the public." — Tindal. This estate, part of the possessions of Llanthony Abbey, was granted in 1541 to John Guise, Esq., in ex- change for Aspley Guise, Beds, and sold by him in 1553 to Richard Mon- nington, Esq., with whose heiress it passed to Reginald Bray, with whose posterity it continued 200 years. Of them, Edmnnd B. was M.P. for Gloucestershire, and William B. for Monmouth in 1720. A deer-park existed here in the time of the abbots. It was purchased by Lord T. for the use of his son's wife Mary, daughter and heiress of Adam de Cardonnel, Esq., Sec. -at- War. The Church, a fine specimen of Perp., erected 1511, contains elabo- rate monuments for former pro- prietors. In the aisle is the effigies of Captain Edmund Bray in armour, with a sword on his right side. This peculiarity arises from his having accidentally killed a man at Tilbury Camp, and in proof of his regret at the occurrence having de- termined never more to use his right hand. In the chancel is a monu- ment, by Nollehens,fov Mary Countess Talbot, with her bust, in marble; though for Lord T., who was by his express desire buried here in Feb. 1787, there is no sepulchral memo- rial. A portion of this parish, formerly part of Berks, has become by legis- lative enactment part of Gloucester- shire. 19J ra. Little Barrington (R. H. Hurot, Esq.). A eh. is mentioned in Domesday as then existing here, and the present structure would seem to be that edifice with a few al- terations. It has an embattled tower, and contains tablets for the Grey- hurst and Greenaway families. 22J m. Burford (see Route 12) Gloucest. Boute 19. — Cheltenham to Stow-on-the-Wold, 147 (Tmi : Bird-in-Hand). In 1695 the Mng reached this town, when the wh(^le population met him and en- treated him to accept a small token of tlieir love. Buiford was then re- nowned for its saddles. One inha- bitant of the town in particular was said by the English to be the best saddler in Europe. Two of his mas- terpieces were respectfully offered to the king, who received them with much grace and ordered them to be especially reserved for his own use." — Lord Macaiday. From Burford it is 4 miles to Bampton Stat, or to Witney Stat (see Eoute 12). ROUTE 19. CHELTENHAM TO STOW-ON-THE- WOLD, BY ANDOVERSFORD. By Road. From Andoversford Inn, instead of taking the branch road to the rt. which has been followed for the last few pages, the traveller may proceed by the left hand road to JStow-on-the Wold. SJ m. from Cheltenham a road leads in IJ m. rt. to Salperton, 8 m. Salperton Park (T. Beale Brown, Esq.). IJ m. on rt. ; a large collection of paintings by ancient and modern masters. The small ch. a good specimen of an Ang-Norm. structure, contains some modt^rn tablets and painted glass This estate belonged to the Knights Tem- plars and to ot;ier religious houses. At the Reformation it was given to Winchester College. 12 m. Naunton, a straggling village pleasantly situated in a valley watered by the Windrush, which is mentioned by Leland as " Penoke well, counted of sum for one of the farthest of Tamest heddes, a miie from Hayles in radicibus de Cotes- wolde to Nanton village to Burton, and sumwhat beneth Burton Cum- meth into hit a water rising at Ken- shalle, in Coteswold and thens to Hinchwilke, whereabout yt renneth undre the grounde." The Church is a handsome structure in E. E. style, with an embattled tower. It has a N. transept appropriated as a place of sepulture for the family of Ayleworth. Clement Barksdale, the author of the * Cotswold Muse,' and other works, who experienced great vicissitudes during the Common- wealth, was presented to this benefice in 1660 by Chas. II., and died here 1670. [From Naunton Inn by road to the northwards 1 m. Guiting Grange (J. Wadding- ham, Esq.), once a country seat of the abbots of Bruerne. " The ch., a small Norm, edifice with 2 doorways, has an arch into the chancel, with enrichments." — Rickman. 4 m. Temple Guiting House (G. 0. Talbot, Esq.). Ch. Ch. Oxford is the principal owner in this parish, but property has long been held of the college by the Talbot family on a copyhold tenure. In the Church is a m;irble tablet with an elaborate epitaph to Rev. Dr. Talbot (d. 1785), youngi^r son of the Lord Chancellor. The tower is a pleasing specimen of good Perp. masonry. A cross in the churchyard is of singular con- struction, and of 15th-centy. date. The shaft, a tapering octagonal monolith, 9 ft 10 in. in height, is in- serted in an octagon socket without any steps.] 15| m. Eyford House (Sir Thonids L 2 148 Boute 20. — Gloucester to Newent and Dymoclc. Sect. I. Bazley, Bt.). This house, which has been rebuilt on a new and more elevated site by the present owner, belonged to the Wanleys, then to the Dolphins, and General Devesnes des Pontes, an officer in the French army, acquired the pro- perty by an irregular marriage with Mrs. Dolphin, whose unhappy and singular career was the subject of discussion in our Equity Courts 1861. He devised it to Mrs. D'Arcy Irvine, of whom it was pur- chased by its present owner. This estate was the favourite retreat of the Duke of Shrewsbury from official labours, *• being delighted with the solitaryness of the place, and the pleasantness of the neigh- bourhood for recreations. Will. III. made a visit to the Duke, and was pleased with the spot, for he thought himself out of the world." — Atkyns. The kins:, accompanied by a multi- tude of Warwickshire gentlemen on horseback, proceeded towards the borders of Gloucestershire. He de- viated from his route to dine with Shrewsbury at a secluded mansion in the Wolds, and in the evening went on to Burford. After the ac- cession of Geo. I. the Duke, shortly before his decease in 1718, quitted Eyford with regret when prevailed upon to return to London and poli- tics. In a summer-house built over a cascade in the garden, now in ruins, Milton wrote a considerable portion of * Paradise Lost.' — Budge. The Stonesfield slate formation is well displayed here, being quarried for j'oofing houses. The elytra of beetles, fern, and lamise leaves are found in it ; also fish-palates, teeth of megalo- sauri, pterodactyles, jaws of teleo- sauri, and star-fish. The Thlaspi perfoliatum, Thesinum LinopJiyllum, Anemone Pulsatilla, Cineraria cam- pestriSj Orchis ustulata, Polypodeum calcareum, and other rare plants, are found in this locality. Having be- longed to the abbey of Evesham until its dissolution, it was an extra- parochial district, but has become, by recent legislation, a parish with- out a church. 17 m. Lower Swell village. The S. door of the ch. is a fine specimen of an Ang-Norm. arch. This manor belonged to the Abbot of Hayles. It was purchased in 1659 by Chief Baron Atkyns, and his son the historian, who died 1711, had a residence here at Bo wells. Abbots- wood (Alfred Sartoris, Esq.) is a mansion in the Elizabethan style erected in 1867. There are several barrows on the down, and two an- cient Druidical stones, known as the Whittlestone and the Hoarstone. 18 m. Stow-on-the- Wold Stat. See Kte. 14. EOUTE 20. GLOUCESTER TO NEWENT AND DYMOCK. By Koad. 12 miles. This route commences at the end of Westgate Street, where, crossing a bridge thrown over one arm of the river, the traveller has to traverse a substantial causeway erected on the meadow lands, which are inundated in the winter months, and passing another arm by Telford's bridge of a single arch, reaches the village of Over, a position of military im- portance under the Romans. At what period these branches of the river were first bridged over is unknown, but on his travels through England in 1540, Leland remarks that— Gloucest. Moute 20. — HigJinam Court ; Church, 149 **The Severne breaketh into two armes a little above Gloucester, whereof the principal arme striketh hard by Gloucester town syde, the other goeth through a great bridge at the W. ende of the causey. " An arrow shot without the town toward Hertford ys a long bridge of stone under the which goeth on great arme of Severne, as I remem- ber called Owseburne. Yt breketh owt of the great streame above the town, and beneth yt goeth againe into the maine streame. The curse (course) of y t is about a myle, so that it insuleth a good medow.'* But the laborious muse, which still new work assaies. Here sallyeth through the slades, where beauteous Severne plays, Until that river gets her Oloster^s wished sight . Where she her streame divides, that with the more delight She might behold the towne of which she's wondrous proud ; Then takes she in the Frome, then Cam, and then the Stroud, As thence upon ber course she wantonly doth straine, Supposing then herself a sea-god by her traine ." — Poly- Olbion. [A road leaves this on rt. to Ledbury, 14 m., by Maisemore and Staunton] 2 m. W. Highnam Court (T. Gam- .bier Parry, Esq.), erected during the interregnum by Carter, pupil of Inigo Jones, and surveyor of works to Cromwell, for Col. Cooke, an espe- cial favourite of the Protector's, who at the Restoration was " reconciled," and served as sheriff in 1664. The old mansion was rendered uninhabi- table during the Civil Wars, having been garrisoned by each party in succession. A serious defeat during the siege of Gloucester was expe- rienced by the Royalists, who, under command of Lord Herbert, had possession of this house with Welsh troops. On an assault from the garrison with very inferior numbers, under Col. Massey and Sir William Waller, the Welshmen retreated to Barber's Bridge,where about 500were slain, leaving 150 others, who were led captive into the city, with divers per- sons of quality, and the most powerful gentry of Herefordshire. This valu- able estate belonged to the Abbey of Gloucester. Henry VIII. sold it to John Arnold, Esq., of Monmouth- shire. Sir Wm. Cooke, of Gidea Hall, Essex, obtained it about 1600 by marriage with an heiress. It passed by marriage with a co-heiress early in the 18th centy. to the Guise family, of whom it was purchased a.d. 1839. The collections here are rich in specimens of early ivory, sculpture, enamels of the works of Limoges, early Italian paintings, and other exquisite productions of art. The Church, which stands near the house, was designed by H. Woodyer, Esq. A lofty tower of three stages is surmounted by an octagonal spire 200 feet in height. Below the belfry stage there is a deep band of ornamental panelling, with shields, &c. The ch. consists of a lofty chan- cel with a ceiled roof, a rich chancel arch and oak screen, nave, arcade of 5 bays, clerestory lighted by qua tre- foil windows. The building is 130 ft. in length, and is composed of greystone with Bath stone and Devonshire marbles. It was conse- crated in the name of the '* Holy In- nocents" in 1851. Every window is filled with rich painted glass — those in the S. aisle by Hardnian ; in theN. aisle by Wailes ; the altar window by Clayton and Bell ; that in theW. tower by O'Connor. The chancel walls and . baptistery are elaborately painted with Scripture subjects, designed and executed by Mr. Gambler Parry himself. The E. end of nave has some large paintings in "spirit fresco." The subject of that over the chancel arch is " Doom." The figure of our Lord is surrounded by the Apostles and other figures ; above and below are choirs and groups of angels sum- moning the dead to life ; those on the 150 Boute 20.— Lassington — Barber's Bridge, > Sect. I. right bear crowns and palm-branches for the blessed, whilst on the left fiery swords are brandished in attitudes expressive of "Depart, ye cursed." On the side walls are other subjects supplemental to the great central one, as the army of Christian Mar- tyrs, headed by our Lord. The paint- ing on the roof connects the whole together by the repeated texts ; the figures being in general of life-size. These elaborate decorations, which are distinguished by much original invention and a taste highly refined, were designed and executed by Mr, Oamhier Parry. Near the church are the parsonage, schools, and sacrist's house, all from the designs of the same architect. 1 m. from the mansion, on a rising ground above a large retreat of wood, id '• the Finetum,^^ one of the best collections of hardy coniferous plants in England, including rare Japan- ese species, the latest introduced into England. It is of several acres in extent, and may be seen by written order of the proprietor or of the head gardener. In tliis and the adjoining parish of Lassington are some remarkable old trees, the remnants of Dean Forest, which once included this district. [The road, on passing Highnam Lodge, diverges on left to, 3 m. Highgrove, 4 m. Minsterworth, and Newnham 7 ra. Another road leads to Ross (12 m.), passing, 3 m., Beauchamp Lodge (Mrs. Hallewell), 4 m., Cliurcham village. The small Church has some plain Norm, por- tions. It contains a sculptured alabaster tablet, for Edward Oldys- worth, Esq. (d. 1570), and a matrix of a large cross of 14th-centy, work. 4J m. BiiUey Church *'a small Norm, building, with a fine arch at the E. end which led to the chancel, and a S. door of the same cha- racter." — Bickman. 7 m. Huntley (see Rte, 5).] 2 m. on the Newent road is Las- sington. In this parish there is an ancient oak of unusually large di- mensions, and the remains of a Roman villa. 4 m. Barber s Bridge. This spot has acquired historical interest from the defeat of the Welsh troops, part of the Royjdist forces, who were killed in their flight from Highnam by the army of Sir Wm. Waller. In 1868 a vast number of human skeletons were discovered at this spot, which local tradition had always preserved as the place where the Welshmen who had come up to take Gloucester had been surrounded by unexpected foes and killed. The remains have been carefully re- interred, and an obelisk 20 ft. in height, raised on three steps, and surmounted by a cross, has been placed over them at the cost of W. P. Price, Esq. This erection is con- structed with stone from the old city wall of Gloucester, with memorial stone from the Portland quarry, with these inscriptions on the sides formed with letters cut and run with lead : — On the west side : — " These stones, taken from the ancient walls of the city of Gloucester, mark the burial- place of the Welsh of Lord Herbert's force, who fell in the combined attack of Sir William Waller and Colonel Massey, on their entrencliments at Highnam, March 24th, 1643." On the east side :— Y ceryg hyn a gymerwyd o hen furiau dinas Oaerloew, a nodant gladdfa y Cymry perthynol i fyddin Arglwydd Her- bert y rhai a syrt hiasant yma ynnghyd ymosoidiad Sir William Waller ar Col. Massie, ar eu gwersyllfa yn Highnam, Mawrth 24, 1643." On the north side : — ■ Non tu Pyrrhe ferox, nec tantis cladibus auctor Poenus erit : nuUi penitus discindere ferro Contijiit : alta sedent civilis vuluera dextrae." Luc. Pbar. i. 30. Gloucest. Boute 20. — Barber's Bridge — Newent, 151 On the south side :— " Scilicet et tempus veniet, cum finibas ill is Agricoia, incurvo terrain molitus aratro, Exesa in veniet scabra rubigine pi la, Aut gravibus rastris galeas pulsabit inanes, Grandiaque efifossis mirabitur ossa sepulchris." Virg. Georg. i. 493. An account of this sanguinary con- flict is thus given in one of the news- papers of that period : — By letters from Glocester it is for certaine informed tiiat Sir William Waller hath lately given the Welch forces before Gloucester a very great defeate, which is said to be after this manner: Sir William, with his forces coming neare Cicester, made show, the better to conceale his purpose, as if he intended to fall upon the towne, but his ayme was at Gloucester, and had so ordered the businesse that Gloucester men had notice of his intent ; and that with the help of his flat-bottomed barges, wliich he carrieth along with him in the nature of waggons, and are very useful both by land and water, he would transport his forces along the river of Severne past Gloucester, und fall upon the reare of the Lord Herbert's Welch forces when tliey should tiie least dread him, and withall gave the Gloucester forces notice when they should fall upon the front of the Welch army, as he would upon the reare, wiiich designe was no better plotted than it tooke effect ; for when the Lord Herbert was in skirmish with the Gloucester forces, upon their comming out to him with full thought to cut them all off, being so few in comparison of his. Sir William Waller brought his forces neare the Forrest of Deane, and fell upon the reare of them with such fury that tlie Welchnien soon shew^ed their Welch valour, and would gladly have tooke flight if they had knowne which ways to escape them. Sir William, making such havocke amongst them that there was slaine, as is conceived, at least 500 in the place, neare 1000 taken prisoners, with all their armes and ammunition, and the rest of the forces wholly routed, the Lord Herbert, as was at first supposed to be slaine, for that he could not be found, but it is since informed he got away, and fled to Oxford, leaving* all his Welchmen beiiind him, which make them swear by Saint Taflie they 'lie never fight for him again e unless he passe it under his hand and scale he will stand it out." 1 J m. W. of Barber's Bridge, Tih- berton Court (Wm. P. Price, Esq) In this parish "the New Red sys- tem includes courses of a liardisU sandy marlstone of a light green colour, the uppermost of which is nearly as white as chalk, but no hard stone is found in the formation between Gloucester and Newent." —Sil 8ys. Meredith (Lady Wedderburn). 7 m. Taynton, famous for its cider and " for the superior excellency ot its squash — pear perry *' jtn early fruit, remarkable for the tenderness of its flesh, which dropping ripe from the tree bursts to pieces with the fall. The ch., erected during the Com- monwealth as a Puritan place of worship by Alderman Pury, stands North and South. Its interior was restored in 1870. Taynton House (C B. Ar.hei-ton, Esq.). 8 m. on rt. of the road to Newent TJpleadon. 8 m. Newent, a market town, 2889 Inhab. {Inn : George), having two principal streets. Leland states that its name is derived from a soli- tary yet commodiousNe w Inn, erected on this line of communication with Wales, which, being much frequented by travellers, caused its gradual growth into a town. Several kinds of linen fabrics are manufactured here. In Kilcot wood, bronze weapons were found bearing resemblance in form to those met with in Ireland, 152 Boute 20. — Pauntley — Dymoch Sect. I. and in such position as to support the conjecture that sorne marauders had fallen victims in a piratical adventure up the Severn. The spacious and hsindsome CJiurch, rebuilt in 167 8, has its roof fastened by screws, without pillars, like the The- atre at Oxford. The tower with its spire is 153 It. high. There is an ancient hi«m, and the Ascension. Under the central subject is a panel with a representation of the bridge and arms of the donor. A lateral window, filled with stained glass, is a memorial to Mr. Stokes. In 1862 a beautiful Saxon ornament was found here, and is now in the mu- seum of the Society of Antiquaries of London. It consists of oblong pieces of filagree work, linked toge- ther by shorter pieces in the form of an 8. The site of the Battle of Evesham, Aug. 4, 1265, fought between Prince Edward (afterwards Edward I.) and Simon de Montfort, who held Henry III. prisoner, was on the top of the eminence N. of the town, called Greenliill. The prince's force advanced along the road from Al- cester; Simon de Montfort issued out of the town to meet him. A spring called Battle Well marks the spot where he fell. This victory fully re-established the royal autho- rity; Prince Edward displayed a most merciful disposition, and all who submitted were pardoned. A monumental obelisk and a Gothic tower have been erected on the field of battle, in the grounds of the Abbey Manor-house (E. C. Pudge, Esq.), where there is a collection of local antiquities. 3 m. S.E. Wichamford Church has a modern S. porch and late W. tower. In the chancel are two gorgeous alabaster monuments, bearing full- length efiigies, under canopies, of Sir S. Sandys — son of the Archbp. — (d. 1623), and of his wife in the attitude of prayer. There is also an inscription to their eldest son, who survived his father only 21 days. Above are the statues of Faith, Hope, Charity, and Time. On the side are four sons kneeling, the eldest armed. The whole tomb is garnished with escutcheons. The pews and W. galleries are richly carved with the linen pattern brought from a church in London by Lord Sandys. 3i m. Bretforton Manor (W. H. Ashwin, Esq., D.L., J. P.) has in the garden a walnut-tree measuring 300 ft. in circumference. The arcades of the church are late Norm, with capitals of legendary design ; one re- presenting the Romanist legend of the " Maid Margery " is in good pre- servation. Being tempted by the devil, and resisting him, she was swallowed by the fiend, but by means of a crucifix in her hand, she burst the serpent asunder and escaped un- hurt. The E. window is filled with stained glass in memory of Lieut. Ashwin, killed in the Crimea. The 176 Boute 26. — Badsey Church — Fladhury. Sect. II. tower, which contains a fine peal of bells, is of 1 5th-centy. work. There is an old grange of the abbots of Evesham, containing a vaulted cellar and an upper chamber with a good open roof. An ancient barn and fish-pond remain. 2J m. Badsey Church has a Norm, doorway, a long transeptal chapel on N. side, with a ricli gable-cross and a massive W. tower, in which are some very grotesque gurgoyles. 3 m. N.W. Wood Norton, a hunt- ing seat of the Due d'Aumale, who has purchased an extensive terri- torial property in this district. 4 m. N.E. on South Littleton Farm, is a large conventual barn, 150 ft. long, with lofty Ear. Eng. archways for the doors. Middle Littleton Church, partly rebuilt in 1871, con- tains some ancient encaustic tiles and monumental slabs, and also a Norman altar- stone. An anchorite's chamber over the porch has been opened into it by the removal of the decayed floor. The fine 15-century Purbeck marble altar-tomb and brass of John Throckmorton and his wife has been removed to the centre of the opened tower, which, though not the original, is a much more conve- nient situation than it formerly occu- pied. An effective reredos has also been added. 6 m. Cleeve Prior Church, E. Eng. with 1 ater work. In 1811, earthen- ware pots filled with Roman coins, gold and silver, were found at a depth of 16 inches from the surface ; and armour and military weapons also discovered lead to the inference that this was a Roman station. Bailways : — Evesham has a direct communication with Birmingham and Great Malvern by a railway which joins the Midland at the Barnt Green and Ashchurch Stations (Rte. 28). These trains are despatched from the Midland Station, adjoin- ing the G. W. R. Station at Benge- worth, a suburb of Evesham, which is connected with the town by a bridge constructed at a cost of 1B,000Z., and opened for traffic in 1856. A well- arrang;ed esplanade adjoins this bridge. The course of the Avon below Evesham is very picturesque and tortuous, making a bold sweep round Craycomb Hills, while S.W. Bredon Hill is a conspicuous and interesting object, and commands from its top a very fine view. This river is com- monly flanked on one or both sides by extensive meadows, the result of alluvial deposition. Its bed is for the most part deep, with a muddy I bottom, except where beds of gravel I occur. Its ordinary depth is from 12 to 20 ft., and its breadth from 80 to 50 yds. The Avon is crossed before the train arrives at 46 m. Fladhury Stat. Fladbury village, on the river, consists of very neatly built houses, giving the ap- pearance of prosperity. This manor, then known as Fledanbyrig, was given by King Ethelred, in a.d. 691, to the See of Worcester, to which it still belongs. In its large Perp. Church is a monument with the bust of Bishop Lloyd, one of the seven bishops sent to the Tower by James II. (d. 1717, set. 90) ; and in the aisle is a well-preserved altar- tomb of polished Purbeck marble, with inlaid brass effigies of John Throckmorton, Under Treasurer of England, and Elenora his wife, who died 1445 ; also Brasses of Thomas Morden, Treasurer of St. Paul's and Rector, 1458, in cope, with initials ; Edw. Peyton, 148», with wife and children ( injured) ; and W. Plewme, Rector, 1504. An inscription, in the nave, to Godyth, wife of Robert Onley, with five Latin verses. On two others near the font no inscrip- tions remain. In S. aisle are tablets to the Perrots of Craycombe. One WoRC. Boute 26. — Charlton Manor House, 177 slab, representing a large folio book, has on one of the leaves the follow- ing verses on an infant : — *• Like a dewdrop kissed oiF by sun's rising beam, A brief but beauteous existence was given. I His soul seemed to come dow^n to earth by a dream, And only to wake when ascended to heav'n." The E. window of the chancel, restored 1865, has five lights, filled with good stained glass by Freedy. The subject of the three central ones is the Resurrection, the side ones have the Marriage in Cana and Christ at the Sea of Galilee. A small window on S. side of chancel is filled with stained glass in memory of Kev. F. Gauntlett (d. 1863). There is a neat Early Eng. piscina, with trefoil-headed arches and sedilia. An alabaster reredos has in its centre a Greek cross inlaid with glass mosaics — on either side are angels playing musical instruments, and around their heads mosaic nimbi. This reredos is much enriched with encaustic tiles and various-coloured alabasters. The interior of the building has been improved by the erection of open seats, which have replaced a very ugly assortment of high and enclosed pews. Craycombe House, once a seat of the Perrot family, has been pur- chased by the Due d'Aumale. Now let to Mr. Richard Watson. 1 m. S. Cropthorne Court (F. D. Holland, Esq.), on an eminence. Bones of the ox, hippopotamus, and deer, with many species of land and freshwater shells, have been exca- vated from brick-pits here. The Church, Perp., with four Ear. Norm, arches, has an ambry with its shelf and piscina. In the N. aisle are two raised altar-tombs (1624): one supporting two recumbent effi- gies of Francis Dineley and his wife (d. 1624), with figures of their seven- teen children on its sides, all habited [(?., W. & jBT.] in the costume of that time ; another (1646), under a canopy, has the figures of Edw. D. and his wife kneeling face to face in the attitude of prayer, habited in the costume of Chas. I., with their 4 sons and 3 daughters. 1 m. E. Charlton Manor House (W. C. Faulkner, Esq.) was the ancient seat of the Dineleys, who obtained this estate circ. 1350 by marriage with the heiress of Sir Simon Hands- acre. Soon after 1688 Sir Edward Goody ere, Bt., M.P. for Evesham, became its owner by marrying the only child of Sir Edward Dineley, and their issue obtained an unhappy notoriety, the eldest son being mur- dered at Bristol by his brother, a captain in the Navy, in 1741, for which offence the latter and his accomplices were executed. Sir John D. Goodyere, who inherited the title, one of the Poor Knights of Windsor, was one of the many eccentric cha- racters of the Regency. Charlton was sold in the last century, and the house was, during many years, un- occupied, having the local reputa- tion of being haunted. It has been thoroughly renovated by its present owner, its wainscotted apartments, wide staircases, and entrance-gate pillars, being in excellent preserva- tion. A tithe barn of large dimensions has been converted into a commo- dious chapel-of-ease, with handsome internal arrangements, at the cost of Mr. Workman. 2 m. S. the Norm, church of Wyre Fiddle, restored 1845, has a double bell-turret and early font. Parker says the chancel arch is almost cer- tainly Saxon. The chancel arch is of very early Norman, and there is some good old glass in the W. window. There are some ancient tiles in this church. The original stone altar is imbedded in the fioor at E. end. An ancient stone cross remains in the village. 178 Boute 26. — Per shore. Sect. II. J m. rt. the E. Norm. ch. of Pinvin has hagioscopes in the chancel and curious frescoes on the walls. 3 m. Wolverton Hall (W. R. Acton, Esq.). 49 m. Pershore Stat. {Inn : Coven- try Arms). Pershore can also be reached from the Defford Stat, on the Midland Bly., distant 3 miles. Pershore is celebrated for egg- plums, otherwise known as Pershore plums, for which the soil is parti- cularly suited. The market-town of Pershore, 6733 S.D. Inhab. (Inns: Three Tuns; Angel) is on the rt. bank | i of the Avon, in a lias district, at a distance of a mile from the rly. stat. An omnibus meets each train. Oswald, a nephew of Ethelred King : of Meroia, founded a religious house here, as early as a.d. 689, for secular canons ; but these were dismissed, and the monastery became an abbey for Benedictine monks, by charter of King Edgar, about a.d. 970. At the dissolution of monasteries the revenues of this house were valued at 643Z. per annum, when its site, vineyard, and the manor of Pershore were sold to Wm. and Francis Shel- don. It was a mitred abbey, and its abbots had a seat in parliament. All the abbatial buildings were de- molished, except the cruciform Ch. of the Holy Cross, which was purchased by the inhabitants for their parish ch. It is surmounted by a hand- some square tower of 14th centy., and retains only the E. Eng. choir, with a remarkably rich and lofty clerestory, and S.transept of the Norm, building. The Norman nave was taken down at the dissolution of monasteries, and the N. transept fell about 1685. Enough remains of the destroyed portions to indicate their original beauty. A peculiar feature in the ch. is the absence of a distinct triforium. The interior of the lantern tower is considered to be equalled only by that of Lincoln Cathedral since the belfry-stage has been removed. This fine feature of the tower is of Ear. Eng. work, merging into Decorated, having arcaded panels, duplicated windows with disengaged shafts, carved string-courses, and other pleading details. The exterior part resembles the tower portion of Salis- bury Cathedral. A recumbent effigy of the Plantagenet era, on the lid of a stone coffin, represents a knight armed cap-a-pie, in a hooded hau- berk of rings set edgeways, a piece of the coif under the chin being thrown back as unfastened. Over the hauberk is a sleeveless surcoat belted round the waist, and the drapery well disposed. The thighs are covered with chausses of ring- mail. The glove of mail is affixed to the sleeve of the right arm, and the naked hand grasps a horn. There are also an altar-tomb with the effigies of Abbot Herrington, over which is an inscription on oak for Abbot Newton; two elaborate monuments for the Hazlewood family, and a tablet for General Marriott, who served in India under Lord Harris. This interesting building was restored in 1866 by Sir G. G. Scott, B.A. ; reredos added in 1878. A window in N. aisle, filled with stained glass by Lavers and Daniel, is in memory of Mr. Davis (d. 1869). The memorial windows in S. aisle are by Hardman. Above the chancel arch beneath the arcade work is a fresco painting in memory of Rev.Dr. Williamson, by Clayton and Bell, at the expense of his curates. It repre- sents the Saviour, SS. Peter, Paul, and Mary, with the inscription, " Take up thy cross and follow me." The small ch. of St. Andreiv, a few yards E., has a tolerable Perp. tower. Pinvin Chapelry, Drakes Broughton, and Bricklehampton, are all eccle- siastically connected with Pershore. At the Atlas Works, which con- sist of spacious and well-constructed buildings, agricultural implements of every description are manufactured. WoRC. Boute 26. — Elmley Castle — SpetcUey Park. 179 The Ahhey (H. J. Scobell, Esq., owner, A. H. Hudson, Esq., occu- pier), a mansion near the ch., was not a part of the monastery. Near the town are Avon Bank (Eandolph Marriott, Esq.) and Wick House (A. R. Hudson, Esq.). 8 m. 1. Little Comberton (Rev. W. Parker). 4 J m. BrickleJiampton Hall (R. Hin- shaw, Esq.), erected in 1848 in the Italian style of architecture. The small ch. retains a fine Norm, door- way, old font, rude piscina, and sedilia. A quantity of mammalian remains, now in the Worcester Mu- seum, were obtained from a ^Wc/b-pit in this village, and the gravel deposits furnish sea-water shells and remains of the mammoth and other ante- diluvian creatures. 5 m. Elmley Castle (Col. Davies). This manor was granted to Robert, Steward to William I., who erected a castle on the slope of Bredon Hill. With his niece it passed to the Beau- champs, and upon the attainder of the Stout Earl of Warwick, in 1471, the castle was dismantled and ren- dered ruinous. In the next reign, Leland remarks, " There stondeth now but one tower, and that partly broken. As I went by I saw carts carienge stone thens to amend Per- shore Bridge. It is set on the tope of a hill full of wood, and a townelet hard by, and under the ripe of the hill." Its site in the park is easily discerned, the moat being still per- fect. Henry VIII. granted it to Chris. Savage, whose descendants held it until circ. 1823, when it be- came the property of the late Col. Davies, M.P. for Worcester. The Church, chiefly Perp., which has been restored and was reopened in 1878, consists of N. transept, an apsidal chancel, an embattled nave, and square embattled tower. There is a Decorated octangular font sup- ported by 4 serpents with human faces. Some relics of ancient glass have the red and white rose in uni- son, and thus disclose the period of its insertion. During the restora- tion a coped tomb-stone, with a fine 13-centy. cross, was found beneath the floor ; it is now preserved in the church. In N. aisle there is an ala- baster altar-tomb of rare workman- ship bearing the recumbent figures of E. Savage, Esq., and his wife in the costume of 1631 — at the feet of their parents are small kneeling figures of two boys and two girls; a marble cenotaph, with a well- sculptured figure of Thomas first Earl of Coventry (d. 1699), in a re- clining posture, in the court-dress of Wm. III.'s time. In the churchyard is a sun-dial of singular construction, with the arms of Savage cut on it. At Netherton is a desecrated chapel, of very excellent Norjn. work — when secularised is unknown. Its chancel is a stable and the nave a tool-house. This rly. crosses the Midland about 4 m. from Pershore. On an elevated site, visible from the rail- way, is Spetchley Park (R. Berkeley, Esq.), an extensive modern building (1810) of stone, in the German style, with an Ionic portico, approached by an avenue of noble elms nearly 1 m. in length, within a well-wooded park, containing a fine sheet of water. The founder of this branch of the family — descended from an early offshoot of the Berkeley Castle family — gained his fortune as a clothier in Worcester, in the 16th centy. Spetchley belonged to Sir Thomas Littleton, a Judge of the Common Pleas, temp. Edward IV. In 1508 Richard Sheldon obtained it by marriage with Catherine Littleton. Rowland Berkeley, M.P. for Wor- cester, purchased this estate, which he gave to his second son. Sir Robert, a Judge of the King's Bench, who was arrested when presiding in that Court by order of the Parliament in 1641, fined 20,000Z., and imprisoned during pleasure, for his decision N 2 180 Eoute 26, — Worcester: History; Sect. 11. against Hampden in the Ship-money case. He suffered in various ways from the Parliamentary party, and died 1656, having founded the Ber- keley Hospital in Worcester. In the Spetchley library are a Bible and Prayer-book, bound in red velvet, which belonged to Charles I. Crom- well's head-quarters were in the old mansion previous to the battle of Worcester. Behind it is the ancient village Church, with some good Dec. win- dows, attached to which in the Berkeley Mortuary Chapel (1614) are some elaborate marble monu- ments, with recumbent figures in alabaster, of members of that fa- mily, including Rowland, the founder, and a life-size figure, in judicial robes, of his 2nd son and heir. Sir Robert Berkeley. There is a circu- lar elevation in the parish, a British work, called the " Round Hill,'^ partly surrounded by a trench. 59 m. Norton Junct. Stat., where tickets are examined and received. On rt. Norton Hall (Martin Abell, Esq.), Norton Villa (G. J. A. Walker, Esq.), Wood Hall (T. Adams, Esq.). In this parish are situated the large new barracks forming the Depot for the 22nd brigade; they stand in a high and healthy position, and are very complete in the details of ar- rangement. J m. beyond on rt. is an elevation, elliptical in form, called Crookharrow Hill, crowned with trees. It has been variously conjectured to have been thrown up and used as a place of worship by the Druids, as a burial- place by the Britons, and as a mili- tary station by the Romans. 57i m. Worcester Junct. Stat. at Shrubhill. Trains to London by Oxford ; to Shrewsbury by Severn Valley ; to Hereford by Malvern and Ledbury ; has a Stat, also in Foie- gate. Worcester is a city and county in itself; its parliamentary boundary contains 40,421 Inhab., who are represented by 2 M.P.s. (Hotels : Star ; Bell ; Crown ; Unicorn ; and Great Western Hotel near Shrubhill Railway Stat.). Post Office is in Pierpoint Street. It is a cheerful town, especially on market-days, enlivened by local trade and numerous manufactures. The city stands on the 1. bank of the Severn, the principal build- ings being upon a high ridge, along which run the High Street and the Foregate, parallel to and about J m. from the river. This is intersected at the " Cross" (now pulled down), by another thorough- fare, of which the western branch crosses the Severn by a handsome stone bridge (date 1780), widened with iron, and leading to the suburb of St. John's. The four intersecting streets run from the points of the compass and meet nearly at the Cross, opposite St. Nicholas Ch.; Lowesmoor, and Nicholas Street, traversed in coming from the Rly. Stat, on Shrubhill, run E. and W. ; High Street leads from the Cross S., past the red-brick Guildhall, to the Cathedral ; Broad Street and Bridge Street lead to the bridge over the Severn. History. Worcester is a place of high anti- quity. The Romans seem to have found it already a town, and to have held it as a military station ; and from the Saxons it acquired the name of Wigorna-ceaster (the Warrior's Abode). It was burnt and pillaged by the Danes, but it became populous and flourishing after the Conquest, when the episcopal city of an extensive diocese. Its Castle during several centuries was a post of great military import- ance, Henry I., Henry II., and John kept their Christmas in it, and here WoRC. Boute 26. — ^History — Worcester Fight, 181 the latter probably acquired that belief in the spiritual power of Bp. Wulstan that led him to direct his body to be laid in the cathedral. Stephen celebrated the Easter week of 1139 with great pomp here, as did Henry III. that of Whitsun- tide in a similar manner in 1234. Edward I. and Henry IV., and Henry VII., after Bosworth Field, paid visits to Worcester. Queen Elizabeth included the city in a progress in 1575, granted the citi- zens many privileges, remained at the Bishop's palace an entire week, and enjoyed the amusement of hunt- ing at seats in the vicinity. James II. touched for the evil in the cathedral 1687; and George III. in 1788, accom- panied by the queen and princesses, occupied the present Deanery when attending the triennial musical fes- tival. Worcester was the first city to declare openly for the cause of Chas. I., and it suffered accordingly. In 1642, Sir J. Byron and 300 Cavaliers were besieged by Lord Essex and Col. Fynes with 14,000 men and 1000 dragoons. Prince 'Kupert came to their relief, and a sharp combat took place on Pitch- croft, in which the Koyalists were beaten and the prince forced to re- treat into Herefordshire. The Par- liamentary forces pillaged the city, putting upon it also a fine, by way of ransom, of 5000^. The Worcester men, however, were true Cavaliers. In 1646 they again held the city for the king, and stood 3 montlis of con- tinual and harassing attacks. Ke- ceiving no aid from Charles, the city a second time surrendered, having been the last city to do so. The garrison and a number of gentlemen were permitted by the terms of sur- render to march out under protection. The citizens were heavily mulcted, but no excesses by the soldiery were allowed. In 1651 Worcester was for the 3rd time the scene of civil war, and wit- nessed tlie very last struggles of the Koyalist party. On Aug. 22, Charles II., with his army from Stirling, possessed himself of the city, after a slight opposition from its Parliamentary guard. His forces, including the local reinforce- ments, amounted to 12,000. Crom- well, however, followed close upon their track for 300 miles, and fixing his quarters at Spetchley, threw up fieldwoiks, and occupied a strong position at Red Hill, where he mus- tered about 30,000 soldiers, chiefly horse. Part of Lambert's men crossed the Severn at Upton Bridge below Worcester, which Massey thought he had destroyed. The parapet re- mained, and Cromwell's soldiers straddled across it. General Fleet- wood having routed the Royalist forces on the rt. bank of the river, and driven them with loss into the city — an event seen by the king from the cathedral tower, on the top of which his council of war was held — Cromwell commenced an assault on the Sidbury suburb, and after a desperate resistance from the royal forces, who from the want of ammunition fought with the butts of their muskets, succeeded in forc- ing them back in great disorder into the city. Oliver's forces entered with them, pele-mele. Twice the des- perate valour of the cavaliers made a stand in the main thoroughfare, and thus by their gallantry stayed the foe, and gave the young king time to escape. This was the memorable " Worcester fight ;" and for her ser- vices on this and the preceding occa- sions the city bears upon her scroll "Civitas fidelis." The city was sacked by the Roundheads, and sufiered severely. It is by no means improbable, as Cromwell well knew the calming efiect of terror. Among those mortally wounded was the Duke of Hamilton, who was buried in the cathedral, where his coffin remains. 182 Boute 26. — Worcester: Cathedral, The Cathedral is the principal building in Worcester. It consists of choir with aisles; Lady Chapel with aisles ; upper and lower tran- septs, nave with aisles. N. porch and central tower. Total length 394 ft., breadth 78 ft. Height of groined roof 68 ft. Height of tower 170 ft. It stands above the river S. of the town ; and from the Terrace on the S.W. side of its precinct, a very pleasing view of the river, the bridge, the suburb and meadows opposite, and the distant ridge of Malvern is obtained. This cathedral is very perfect, contains some very curious details, and affords exam- ples of every style from the earliest Norm, to the latest Perp., of excellent composition and detail. Its general character is E. Eng., and it is stone, vaulted throughout. Since the N. side has been cleared of buildings and laid open, both that and the E. end are well seen. It was treated with the greatest irreverence by the Puritans in the Great Rebellion, and in 1660 was unfit for worship, being neither glazed nor roofed. The principal entrance is on the N. Since 1857, much of its Eastern por- tion has been rebuilt. " The crum- bling material of the Cathedral had decayed to such an extent on the exterior as to destroy the whole of the decorative features; and in the interior settlements of the piers and arches in the Ear. Eng. work had attained so alarming a magnitude as to threaten the stability of the structure. The outside of the Cathe- dral had been overloaded and dis- figured by additional buttresses, to prop up its falling walls. Most of tliese have been removed or repaired, and the walls themselves thoroughly and skilfully restored to soundness by renewing the whole of the exterior ashlar and pointing the interior, re- setting it where required." — Willis. In the course of the present genera- tion it has been completely restored under ^Sir G. G, Scott, and was reopened in 1874. The Earl of Dudley has been a most munificent benefactor to the Cathedral; it is said to the extent of 60,000^. The building is cruciform, with double transepts, a feature which adds much to the beauty of the exterior and interior. The central Tower, Tran- sition from Dec. to Perpend. (1374), has been thoroughly restored, by the liberality of the Earl of Dudley, who contributed 5000 Z. for this purpose. It contains a fine peal of 12 bells, the tenor weighing 50 cwt., together with a great hour bell, weighing 4J tons. To these, musical chimes, constructed to play 28 tunes, have been added. Of the ch. commenced by Bp. Wulstan, in 10«4, the Crypt which extends under the choir and aisles, is the only relic. The choir, retro- choir and Lady Chapel, with the choir-aisles and eastern transepts, are Ear. Eng., commenced in 1224. The N'ave, with the exception of the two western bays, is Decorated (1317- 1321) on the N. side, and Decorated with a tendency to Perpend, on the S. The Ear. Eng. portion of this Ca- thedral (the whole of the ch. east of the central tower) is most interest- ing, and furnishes good examples of design and structure. The ground- plan forms a double cross w^ith a square eastern end. "The eastern transept was an addition of the Ear. Eng. builders. Such a transept, equal in height to the central alley of the presbytery, is only to be found elsewhere in England in the late Norm, of Canterbury and York, and in the Ear. Eng. of Lincoln, Salis- bury, Beverley and Rochester." — Willis. The Nave, entered from the N, Porch, which is decorated with statues, is of nine bays from its W. front to the central tower. The piers of the two W. bays, which are Trans. -Norm., are recessed in three orders, and, with the Pointed arciies that rest on them, have more WoRC. Moute 26. — Worcester Cathedral; Nave, 183 Ear. Eng. masonry than Norm. The triforium is very peculiar ; a pointed arch (of which there are two in each bay) encloses three circular ones. Between and beyond these inner arches rise reeded shafts, from the capital of which springs a zigzag moulding, repeating in the tympana the forms of the circular arches. The clerestory has three arches on each bay ; the central arch round, with the zigzag moulding, and much higher than the pointed side arches. The W. window, of Ear. Dec. cha- racter, was inserted in 1865, the gift of the late Canon Fortescue. The glass, of which the subject is the Creation, is the gift of the Earl of Dudley. The ancient Norm, portal beneath it re-opened at the cost of Sir E. H. Lechmere, Bt. Beyond the two western bays, the nave is Decor, on its N. side, and Ear. Perpend, on the S., and the main arches rise much higher. Tlie nave and transepts have been paved with black and white marble, at a cost of 5000Z., by the Earl of Dudley. In the nave is a magnificent Pulpit of marble and alabaster, one of the many gifts of the Earl of Dudley. It was designed by Sir Gilbert Scott. It is enriched with most artistic sculpture, the subject being Bible illustrations. On N. side of the nave is the high tomb, with alabaster effigies (ter- ribly defaced) of Sir John Beau- champ, of Holt (d. 1388), in armour, and of his wife. The panels of the tomb are filled with shields bearing armorial devices. Immediately op- posite is a tomb with the effigies of Robert Wild (d. 1608) and his wife. On same side the canopied tomb of Dean Eedes (d. 1608). Opposite to this is the tomb with effigy of Bishop Thornborough (d. 1641), wearing the rochet and chi- mere with full sleeves. The two western bays of the S. aisle of the nave are Transition-Norm., with quadripartite vaulting. The rest of the aisle has Late Dec. windows. The monuments in this S. aisle are a mutilated effigy of an ecclesiastic ; the effigy of Bishop Parry (1616), within a recess ; a Perpend, altar- tomb, with panelled front, of some person unknown ; the tomb of Thomas Littleton, Judge of CP. (d. 1481), author of the treatise on " Tenures an altar-tomb for Bishop Freke (1591), and mural tablets by Bacon junior, for Sir Henry Ellis, Col. of the 23rd regiment, killed at Waterloo ; and for Richard Solly, Esq. (d. 1804), a mourning Mother with a group of Children. In the westernmost bay is placed the monument with bust of Bishop Gauden (d. 1662), a suggested author of the ' Icon Basilike.' In the bay of the N. aisle are monuments, — by Westmacott for tlie Earl of Strafford, and the officers and men who fell in the Indian Campaign of 1845-6 : for the wife of Bp. Goldsborough (d. 1613), and for the family of Moore (1613), with small kneeling figures. In the 8th bay is the Jesus Chapel. There are tablets for Bp. Fleetwood (d. 1683) ; for Bp. Blandford(d. 1675) ; for Bp. Bullingham (d. 1576). The great transept has experienced much al- teration. Its walls, as high as the clerestory, are v^ry good Norman masonry, beyond, the difference in the workmanship indicates the Per- pendicular. The S. end of the south Pransept has three divisions, in the uppermost of which is a three-light lancet window, filled with stained glass, by Eogers, from designs by Preedy, as a memorial of Queen Adelaide. The subject is the Tree of Jesse. On the S. side is a monument designed by Adams, and executed hy Nollekens^ to Bp. Johnson (1759-1774), with a very fine bust, also a memorial of Bishop Hurd (1781-1808), and a tablet for Dean Hook (d. 1828). In this transept is the fine Organ 184 Boiite 26. — Worcester Cathedral, Sect. II. erected by Hill & Son, London, the gift of Earl Dudley. In the E. wall of the N. transept a Norm, arch discovered during the restorations remains open. On the N. side a window of Ear. Dec. cha- racter has been inserted by sub- scription of the Masonic brethren of the county. At the base of the window we have the Jewish masons, remarkable above all in the First and Second Temples — Solomon ; Hi- ram, King of Tyre ; Hiram Ab-iff ; Zerubbabel; Ezra; and Nehemiah. In the upper and main portions are represented the 12 Apostles, and in the tracery we find the symbols of craft masonry and armorials of the order. Monuments in this transept are for Bp. Stillingfleet (1689-99); and the celebrated monument, by "^Rou- hiliac, of Bishop Hough, the presi- dent of Magdalen College temp. James H. Its style resembles that of Mrs. Nightingale in Westminster Abbey — a figure of Keligion draws back a curtain and seems to uphold the Bishop, who reclines on the edge of a sarcophagus. Below, a smali bas-relief represents his expulsion from Magdalen College. Between the choir and nave a very elaborate screen of carved oak and open metal-work has been erected. The carving, by Farmer and Brindley, who also have skil- fully executed the tabernacle work of the stalls and bishop's throne. The Choir consists of 5 bays, the easternmost of which is considerably wider than the others. This is con- sidered to be one of the earliest buildings erected in this kingdom in the Ear. Eng. style. The oct- angular piers have large shafts of Purbeck marble alternating with white stone ; the shafts have foliaged capitals, and the dog-tooth ornament is used in the moulding of the main arches. The Clerestory has in each bay 3 sharply-pointed arches with slender shafts and capitals of Purbeck mar- ble. The vaulting is quadripartite with carved bosses. The repairs of the stone work, which was found in ruinous condition, have been made with good judgment. The elaborate arcaded Beredos of alabaster, containing in its centre figures of the Saviour and the four Evangelists from designs of Sir G. G. Scott, B.A., was the gift of Dean Peel. The Old stone Pulpit (restored) is late Perp., with the emblems of the Evangelists on truncated shafts in the panels. The sculpture at the back is supposed to represent the Heavenly Jerusalem with the Tree of Life in the centre. The ancient stalls, partly destroyed by the Puri- tan soldiers, have been restored. In the middle of the choir, before the steps ascending to the Sanc- tuary, stands the monument of King John; the earliest royal effigy in England, which, with the slab on which it rests, are probably nearly coeval. The altar-tomb supporting them is Perp., raised in the time of Henry VII. The sides of the tomb are divided into 3 compartments con- taining a shield bearing the royal arms. The effigy, supposed to have been sculptured soon after the inter- ment of the king, represents him in his regal habiliments — on the head is the crown : the face has a mous- tache and beard, and the hair is long. On the hands are gloves jewelled at the back, and on the feet are sandals with spurs affixed to their heels. The exquisitely delicate Chantry containing the altar-tomb of Prince Arthur, son of Henry YII., fills the whole bay on the S. side of the altar, and is a very rich ex- ample of late and elaborate Gothic. The sides are formed of open and closed panel work, enriched with figures and heraldic devices, among GROUND-PLAN OF WORCESTER CATHEDRAL. REFERENCES. A North Porch. B Nave. C C Nave- aisles. D Central Tower. E South Transept. F North Transept. G Choir. H South Ch ir-aisle. J Chapel. K South-east Transept. L L L Ketro-choir and Aisles. M Altar of the Lady Cliapel. N North-east Transept. 0 North Cnoir-aisle. P Cloisters. Q Slype or Passage. R Chapter-house. 8 Passage under Refectory, to the Close. T T Crypt of Refe tory. U Slype. 9 Monument of Bp. Thornborough. 10 Monument of Dean Eedes. 11 Monument of Bp. BuUingham. 12 Monument of Bp. Hough. 13 Tomb of King John. 14 Chantry of Prince Arthur. 15 Effigy ot Sir William de Harcourt. 16 High Tomb of Sir Gryffyth Ryce. 11 Effigy of Bp. Giffard. 18 Effigy of Andela de Warren. 19 Effigy of an unknown Lady. 20 Effigy of Abbot Philip de Hawford. 21 Effigy of Bp. William de Blois. Scale of 100 1 Tomb of Sir John Beauchamp. 2 Tomb of Robert Wilde. 3 Effigy of an unknown Priest. 4 Effigy of Bishop Parry. 5 Perpendicular Altar-tomb, unknown. 6 Monument of Judge Littleton. 1 Altar-tomb of Bishop Freke. 8 Monument of Bishop Gauden. 22 Effigy of Bp. Walter de Cantilupe. 23 Kffigy of Bp. Brian (?). 24 Effigy of an unknown Lady. 25 Effigy of an unknown Knight. 26 Effigy of Bp. Cobham. 27 Effijiy of Bp. Bransford. 28 Monument of Bp. Maddox. 29 Prior's Entrance to Cloisters. 30 Entrance to Refectory. 31 Lavatory. 32 Entrance to Dormitory. 33 Monks' Door to Cloisters. 34 Entrance tfi Crypt, ft. to 1 in. WoRC. Boute 26. — Worcester Cathedral: Lady ChapeL 187 which occur the rose, fetterlock, and portcullis. Witliin, the chantry has a flat-groined roof, with curious fly- ing supports. In the central panel are the arms of the prince with stags as supporters. At W. end is a small seated figure of Henry VII. The E. wall is covered by a rich mass of tabernacle-work with niches. In the central one is the figure of the Saviour on the cross, with censing Angels at the head. On either side are figures of saints. In the centre of the chantry is the tomb with ar- morial bearings on the side-panels. It is best seen from the S. aisle. The prince was born at Winchester in 1486, and died at Ludlow Castle in 1502. Inclosed within the screen -work of Prince Arthur's chantry are two high tombs with efligies deserving especial attention. They are assigned to Bishop Giffard (d. 1302) and Andela wife of John de Warren. The fronts of the tomb,*^hich are of Purbeck, have quatrefoil compartments, on which are sculptures, now much mutilated. The bishop is represented with the " chin close shaven." The beautifully executed effigy of Andela represents her in a tastefully dis- posed veiled head-dress, with a small portion of the face visible. The ad- mirable manner in which this effigy is treated is worthy of all praise. The Choir Transepts, though short, are lofty, and very beautiful exam- ples of the developed E. Eng. style, with detached shafts of great length and delicacy. An Ear. Eng. chapel at W. end of S. choir aisle is con- nected with it by a fine and lofty Norm, arch receding in 3 orders. The S.E. and W. walls of the S.E. transept have been rebuilt, owing to their ruinous condition. The sculp- tures, direct reproductions of the old ones, by Boulton, represent the life present and that to come. Against S. wall of this transept is the effigy of a knight of the *Harcourt family in armour of ringed mail, a good example of the monumental art of the period. In the centre is a handsome altar-tomb to Sir Gryffyd Khys (d. 1523), from which the old brasses having been wrenched, mo- dern ones by Hardman have been inserted. The Lady Chapel, Early Eng., is light, graceful, and spacious, and forms an additional eastern bay to the retro-choir. The E. window of N. aisle is filled with stained glass by Hardman in memory of the Hon. and Kev. Canon Cocks (1856) ; that in the S. aisle is a memorial of Rev. Allen Wheeler (d. 1858). The east- ern bay, in which stood the altar of the Lady Chapel, has been rebuilt. A beautiful wall-arcade runs round below the windows enriched with good sculptures by Boulton. The eastern lancets have been filled with stained glass by Hardman, presented by the citizens of Worcester. On N. side is a small mural slab for Anne, w^ife of Isaac Walton (d. 1662), with an inscription written by her husband. In the arcade of the S. aisle are monuments of Bishop Jenkinson (d. 1810) and Prebendary Davison (d. 1834), author of the well-known work on ' Prophecy.' On the floor the recumbent effigy of an unknown lady of the 14th centy., is a medi- aeval monument well worthy of artis- tic study. At the back of the choir screen is a high tomb with an effigy in alabaster, supposed to represent the last abbot of Evesham. On the floor are three episcopal figures, one of which is assigned to Bp. Wm. of Blois (d. 1236), and another to Walter de Cantilupe (d. 1266), sculptured on Purbeck marble, with a moustache and beard. In 1870 his remains were found covered with shreds of vest- ments of gold-tissue embroidered, the pastoral stafi* by their side, and silver-gilt paten on the breast. On a high tomb in N.E. transept is a full-length figure by Chantrey of 188 Boute26, — Worcester Cathedral, Sect. II. Mrs. Digby (d. 1820). In N. choir- aisle is the large monument of Bishop Maddox (1734-59). In the Crypto a fine example of Ear. Norm, apsidal, and remarkable for its beautiful system of groining, radiating from central pillars, are preserved the ancient N. doors of the Cathedral, removed in 1820. They date from the 14th century, and are said to be covered with human skin. It has been ascertained from examination of a fragment that the tradition of " a person who stole the sanctus-bell of the Cathedral having been flayed and his skin fastened to the doors," is founded on fact, and that the skin remaining upon the door is unquestionably human, like those found on several Essex church-doors. This elegant ecclesiastical covering seems not to have been uncommon in the 10th and 11th centuries, at the expense of the Danish marauders. — Arc. Jour., 1848. The Cloisters, of Perp. date, have undergone complete restoration, in- ternally and externally, the ancient details being carefully replaced. In the W. walk the ancient lava- tory remains. In the N. walk is the laconic memorial-stone carved with the single word " Miserrimus " for Rev. T. Morris, a minor canon and vicar of Claines, who refused to take the oath of allegiance to Wm. III., and lived to the age of 88, much respected and affluent, but inconsolable at the defeat of the Jacobite cause. On the E. wall of the cloister is the Ear. Norm. Chapter-house, a very curious decagon chamber, 58 ft. vaulted, has a central pier, and round the wall a fine series of bold intersecting arches in alternate courses of dark and light-toned stone. The ribs of the roof are similarly variegated. The whole is Norm., the windows only are Perp. insertions. The Chapter Library, in a hand- some room constructed over the S. aisle of the nave, is extensive, and strong in MSS. of canon law. One of great interest is ' An Epitome of Roman Law,* by Yicarius, an Italian who was brought to England by Theobald, Archbishop of Canter- bury, and who introduced the study of Roman or Civil Law at Oxford in the reign of Stephen. This is the only copy in England. Among its other rare volumes are ' The First Prayer-book of Edw. VI., 1549,' 'The Second Prayer-book, 1552,' printed by Thos. Owen, Worcester. Liturgy in Irish, by William, Bp. of Tuam, 1609 ; Liturgy, compiled by Apb. Laud ; ' The Sealed Book, 1662,' so called from having the seals and signatures of the Com- missioners. S. of the cloisters i| the College School; its superb 13tn-centy. hall, 120 ft. by 38, of Dec. date, was the refectory of the great Benedictine monastery. A curious reredos and aumbry were discovered in the E. wall of the refectory in 1873. It stands upon a Norm, basement, and is entered from the cloisters by a Norm, doorway and passage. It is large enough to accommodate all the classes. The Deanery, once the bishop's palace, N. of the Cathedral, contains a fine hall. Several of the canons' houses, including the old Deanery, have been pulled down on the S. side, and the College Green promenade much improved. The entrance to this green pro- menade is by Edgar's Tower, an ancient fortified gatehouse, which tradition asserts to have been erected by Ethelred II. son of Edgar. The rooms in this tower are now used as offices of the Diocesan Registry. There is also another gate, a mere doorway, on the side of the river. The castle stood in this quarter. WoRC. Boute 26. — Worcester : Guildhall ; Churches, 189 The building has long disappeared, but the line of the wall may be traced on the N. in Castle Street. The site retains its old name. Near this spot, about a yard below the surface, a quantity of Eoman pottery, and a coin of Domitian in good preserva- tion, were discovered in 1860. The Guildhall in the High Street, finished 1723, is a handsome example of the architecture of the reign of Queen Anne (of red brick), with 5 statues of Justice, Peace, Plenty, Chastisement, and Labour, on the top, and those of Queen Anne, Charles I. and Charles II. in niches. The lower room, 110 ft. by 25, con- tains one cannon used at the battle of Worcester, old armour, and por- traits of representatives and re- corders; including those of Chas. II. ; R. Howorth (d. 1767) ; Lord- Keeper Coventry, 1625 ; Rt. Hon. T. Winnington, by Van Loo (d. 1741), in his robes as Recorder; 1st Lord Sandys (d. 1770), a half-length of much merit ; Earl of Coventry (d. 1831), by Dance ; Queen Anne, Sir John Pakington, 1725, by STiuter ; Earl of Plymouth, 1717, by same ; ■ Geo. III., bv Reynolds ; Alderman Garden (set.* 90), by Evans, R.A. j Among the aimour is a " Branhs,^' an instrument of punishment for ! " scolds," a sort of open helmet with , gap for the tongue. It was pro- bably made temp. Henry VIL The town council possesses two seals of great historical interest. 1. The common seal of the city, supposed to have been engraved in the reign of Henry IL, and ascer- tained to have been used in a.d. 1298. A smaller circular seal, also of very early date. Among the 12 Parish Churclies, most of which were rebuilt since the reign of Queen Anne, in the Anglo- Italian style, St. Alban's has Nor- man windows, curious Transition- Norman arches, and a Norman bowl- font. The E. window is filled with stained glass by Harrlman, as a me- morial of Rev. H. J. Wilding. All Saints^ contains an altar-tomb of Edward Hardman, first mayor of Worcester in 1621. St Martinis has two good memo- rial windows : the Transfiguration, by Preedy ; and the Ascension, by Hardman. The reredos is enriched with bas-reliefs of the Crucifixion and the Evangelists. Trinity has the old roof from the Guesten Hall. St. Peter's has some portions of Norm, and Early Eng., some Dec. windows, and a Perp. tower. St. Andrew's has a very elegant tapering spire, 155 ft., rebuilt 1751, springing from a tower 90 ft., rest- ing upon 4 piers open to the church, and vaulted with ribbed Perp. tracery, with curious carved bosses. In 1865 a skilfully carved reredos of 5 panels was inserted, the centre one consisting of a half-length figure of the Saviour, in high relief, orna- mented with carved bosses. The E. window, Ear. Dec, is filled with stained glass by Rogers, in memory of W. Stallard, Esq. In 1870 the N. aisle and N. and S. chapels were rebuilt under the direction of Mr. Hopkins. St. Helenas, restored 1882, when part of the 14th-centy. building and its elegant windows were laid open, has a tablet to Col. Dodo Dudley (d. 1684), and to his wife (d. 1675); an altar-tomb having five figures in the attitude of prayer, in the dress of the day, to Anne Fleete (d. 1600) ; and another to Alderman Nash (d. 1661), who founded a hospital for men and women. St. Michael in Bedicardine, a building consecrated in 1840, at a short distance from the site of the earlier ch., which was traditionally considered to have been erected on the ruins of Bishop Oswald's cathe- dral, with a spire added at the cost of Henry IH. Its records commence 190 Boute 2^.— Worcester : Public Buildings ; Sect. II. in 1543, and are in good preserva- tion. The registry of baptisms con- tains an entry of the birth of Lord Chancellor Somers : " John, the Sonne of John Somers, gent., and Katherine his wife, was born the 4th day of March, 1650." At the White Ladies, in the Tyth- ing, are remains of a nnnnery, and a mulberry-tree 700 years old. Berkeley Hospital, at the N.E. of the Fore;^ate, founded temp. Chas. I. by Judge Berkeley, for 12 poor men and a chaplain, is a quadrangular building with a chapel at the W. end, having in front a good sculp- tured figure of the founder in his judicial robes. St OswaMs Hospital, at the N. end of the same street, was founded temp. Henry VIII., revived and its revenues augmented in 1681 by Bishop Fell and Mr. J. Haynes. Its inmates are 16 men and 12 women, and the average income 350Z. per annum. The Infirmary, erected 1767-70, is situated near Pitehcroft. Besides these buildings, Worcester contains a city gaol, 1824 ; county gaol, 1835, in which the separate system is adopted ; several almshouses, a theatre, a museum and a philo- sophical society, handsome Assize Courts in Foregate Street, a spacious corn-market, and a music hall. A newspaper established, it is said, in 16y0, has been known as Berrow^s Worcester Journal since 1709. The Natural History Society's Museum, in Foregate Street, is open on Monday, Wednesday, and Satur- day to the public, from 10 to 4, on payment of 6c?. Among its treasures are portraits of Hen. VIII., Queen Mary, Mary Queen of Scots, Charles I., Prince Rupert, by Lely ; Thomas (General), Lord Fairfax ; Wm. HI., Queen of Bohemia, Erasmus, The Old Chevalier, Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk, by Du Lune, 1604 ; Vanderwerf, by himsself: Cardinals Wolsey and Eichelieu, Abp. Ware- ham, Abp. Parker, and Bishop Fisher, who was beheaded when he was 76 years old, the gift of the Eev. G. D. Bowles. The collection of shells, given by the late General Sir Geo. Whitmore, is considered a very fine one. The museum is also rich in minerals, fossils, geological and other specimens of interest to the scientific observer. Sandstone slabs from Sapey Brook, with curious in- dentations of horseshoe shape ; and a good specimen of that singular bird without wings or tail, the "iiCim." The local collection, which is in a separate room, is well worthy an inspection. Queen Elizabeth^ s School is a hand- some structure in the Tything, of brick with Bath stone facings, erected in 1869, from designs of Mr. Perhins, by the Trustees. In a niche, richly canopied, over the central front window, is a life-size statue of the Queen, crowned, and holding the sceptre and orb, exe- cuted by Boulton from a design by Perhins. The principal school- room, 50 ft. long, 27 ft. 6 in. wide, and 44 ft. in height, has an open roof, hammer-beamed, resting on stone corbels. This useful institu- tion was founded in 1563 by letters patent, the Queen granting at the same time an annuity of 121. "to teach and instruct children to read and otherwise in good learning and manners, to be taught and brought up as at old time it had been used in the said city." The Queen was urged to this good work at the humble suit of William Langley of Worcester, Surveyor of the Mint in the Tower of London. A new charter was granted in 1843. The shrubs in the garden were planted at the expense of Earl Somers, in memory of Lord Chan- cellor Somers, who lived in his boy- hood at this spot, and had his early education at the school. WORC. Boute 26. — Barhourne Church. 191 Leland remarked, " The wealth of Worcester standeth most by draper- ing ; and no towne in England at this present tyme maketh so many cloths yearly as this doth." The .Clothiers' Company have a charter granted by Qu. Elizabeth emblazoned on vellum, with the Great Seal attached ; 2 silk flags, dated 1540 and 1541 ; a double seal of silver, 1655. Their bye-laws were legalized by the Judges of Assize under stat. Hen. VI. Worcester has been celebrated for its gloves and its china. The former business is said to employ 8000 per- sons; and a glovers' company was incorporated by Henry VHI., and the charter renewed by Elizabeth. The bye-laws of the glovers, con- firmed by the Judges in 1561, are in good preservation. The Royal Porcelain WorTcs may be seen every day from 10 to dark ; they were first opened in 1751. A charge of sixpence is made for each visitor, who is entitled to a Guide Book. The museum, containing specimens of old Worcester china, may be seen on application and pre- sentation of address card at the show room. Potted lampreys are a delicacy for which the city is renowned. A considerable number of the inhabi- tants are employed in distilleries, iron-foundries, and in the manu- facture of carriages, horse-hair and damask cloths, fish-sauces, British champagne, vinegar, and port-wine. At the patent brickworks near the canal, 15,000 bricks are made by machinery in a day. The clay is so thoroughly amalgamated and power- fully pressed, that the bricks are considered to possess unusual strength and solidity. At Diglis, the chemical works of Messrs. Webb cover a large space, and provide the agricultural dis- tricts with an inexhaustible supply of fertilizing products. The tallest chimney-stack is 150 ft. high. At the end of the works is a building, known as " The Sulphur Burning House," in which brown acid and oil of vitriol are made. One novel and useful machine in use, called the " Disintegrator," driven by steam, tears the largest clods to the finest particles. In Friars Street and the Trinity are many timber houses of the 17th centy. having open galleries. Facing the Corn-market is a house, modern- ized, occupied by Clias. II. 1651 ; there is a board on it inscribed, " Fear God (W. B. 1577. B. D.), Honour the King." It was the town residence of the Berkeleys, and Judge B. was born in it 1584. Du- rant was its occupier in 1651. The main thoroughfares of the city are clean, neat, and have a pleasant formal air of antiquity. The Commandery, adjoining Sid- bury on the eastern side of the canal — founded by Bp. Wulstan as a hospital for travellers, was re- built temp. Hen. VIII. The Com- mander's house, and great hall, are the only existing portions : of the latter, the roof, minstrels' gallery, coved canopy over the dais, oriel window, and Solers or Lords' room, are interesting remains. In a room still called " the Duke of Hamil- ton's" that loyal nobleman died from his wounds in 1651. His body is traditionally reported to have been interred here, and removed to the Cathedral 1660. 1 m. N. Barhourne Churchy erected 1861-2, in Dec. style, of Ombersley stone, and endowed by the late Miss Lavender at the cost of 8000Z. The height of the nave and chancel arch, and bold treatment of clerestory and arcades, combine to produce an effective interior. The E. window is of stained glass, in memory of the foundress ; the reredos, of alabaster, is divided by marble shafts into 5 arched recesses. In the centre is a Greek cross, the Evangelistic sym- bols being inlaid in coloured marbles 192 Boute 27 .— Worcester to Wolverhampton, Sect. II. on either side. The pulpit and font are of marble mixed with alabaster. Pitchcroft meadow on the river, is used as a race-course. 2 m. N. Perdiswell. Formerly the property of Sir Offley Wakeman, Bart., now the seat of Henry Walker, Esq. 2 m. Severe House (T. G. Curtler, Esq.), " a strong and useful house," erected for his residence by Dr. Nash, the county historian, who purchased the property in 1758, and resided in it at the period of his decease, 1811. 3 m. Hawford Lodge (F. Ames, Esq.). Hawford House (C. Castle, Esq.). The Blanquettes (Josiah Stallard, Esq.). ROUTE 27. WORCESTER TO WOLVERHAMPTON, BY DROITWICH, KIDDERMINSTER, STOURBRIDGE, HALESOWEN, AND DUDLEY. Worcester is in Route 26. Shruh-Mll Stat. From these plat- forms trains start by the Midland Railway to Cheltenham, Gloucester, Bristol, Derby, and the north ; also by the Great Western Rly. to Ox- ford, London, Wolverhampton, &c., &c. Adjoining are the extensive pre- mises formerly occupied by the West Midland Wagon Company. They remained disused and desolate until utilized for the purposes of the Wor- cestershire Exhibition in 1882, for which they were well adapted. 200 yards beyond the Stat, the Cemetery is passed on 1. 2^ m. Fearnall Heath Station. 1 m. rt. Hindlip Hall (Sir Henry Allsopp, Bart.), a square brick build- ing in the Italian style, erected on an eminence in place of the old man- sion of the Habingtons. In the reign of Henry IV. this estate be- longed to the Solleys, and descended to their relative Humphrey Co- ningsby, who in 1 563 sold it to John Habington, Cofferer to Queen Eliza- beth, whose wife was a gentlewoman of the chamber to Her Majesty. Their son Thomas was concerned in various plots for the release of the Queen of Scots, and was during six years a prisoner in the Tower. Owing to the services of his parents, and also being a godson of the Queen, his life was spared ; but he was ordered to remain during life in the county of Worcester, where he occupied his time in collecting in- formation for a history of that county. In 1605 he was again imprisoned for concealing some of the Gunpowder Plot conspirators in his mansion. The discovery of these persons was a sensational event, of which the following account was given by the sheriff, Sir Henry Bromley, to whom a warrant was directed for the seizure of the par- ties, with a description of their persons: — "With a Seemly troop of his own attendants he did begirt the house at Hindlip, and on showing to Mr. Habington his warrant and description of the parties, he denied such men to be in his house, and would die voluntarily at his own gate if any such were found there. This rash speech did not cause the search to be given over. Several secret places were found after much labour, contrived by no small skill and industry in and about the WORC. Boute 27. — Salwarp — Droitwich, 193 chimneys, in one whereof two of the traitors were found concealed. *' These chimney contrivances had entrances into them covered over with brick, made fast to planks of wood, and coloured black like other parts of the chimney, with funnels, not to carry forth smoke, but only to lend air and light downwards into the concealments. Eleven secret places were found, all having books, massing stuff, and popish trumpery in them ; but Master H. would take no knowledge of these places, nor that the books, &c., were any of his, until the deeds of his lands being found in one of them, he could then devise no sufficient excuse. Three days were thus spent, and no man could be found ; but on the fourth, from behind the wainscot in the gallery, came forth two men of their own accord, for they confessed that one apple between them was all the sustenance they had received during the time they were hidden. One of them was Owen, who afterwards killed himself in the Tower; and the other was Chambers. On the 8th day the place in the chimney was found. Forth from this secret and most cunning place came Henry Garnet, the Jesuit sought for, and another named HalV* Marmalade and other sweetmeats were found near them ; but their better maintenance had been by a quill through a hole in the chimney that backed another chimney in the gentlewoman's chamber, and by that passage cawdles, broths, and warm drinks had been conveyed to them. They confessed themselves unable to have held out one day longer. This inquiry occupied 12 days and 11 nights. The parties found with Habington were conveyed to London: Garnet and Hall were executed. Habington's life was again spared by the intercession of his father-in-law. Lord Monteagle, to whom the letter (by means of which the plot was discovered) was [(?., W. & H,-] addressed by his daughter Mrs. Habington. Mr. H. died in 1647, leaving a son William H., a very accomplished person, and author of several works in prose and verse. His only son, Thomas H., dying unmarried, left Hindlip to his cousin Sir Wm. Compton, and passed with his heiress to the Berkeleys and then by marriage to Viscount Southwell, from whose grandson it was purchased in 1864 by its pre- sent owner. In the ch. is an illustrated me- morial of John H., Esq., tracing his pedigree from an early period, and also memorials of the Comptons. 2 m. Salwarp, a neat village, in which is an old half-timbered house of the Talbots — the gables and heavy nail-studded door are considered to be of 14th centy.-creation. Here in 1381 was born no less a man than Richard Beauchamp, E. of Warwick — the king-maker. The ch. is small but curious: the interior piers and arches, and an arch between the nave and chancel, are Norman work, and the aisles Dec. ; the tower and some windows are Perp. The S. porch was rebuilt as a memorial of Mrs. Eic- ketts ; a recumbent effigy of a priest holding the foot of a chalice repre- sents William Richepot, rector (d. 1400). In the chancel, rebuilt 1849, is an altar-tomb of delicate carving in alabaster, with the effigies of Thos. Talbot (1613) and his wife in a kneel- ing posture, with figures of their chil- dren underneath. In S. aisle is an altar-tomb for Mrs. O. Talbot (d. 1681). Stained glass by Preedy has been inserted in windows, as me- morials of Rev. Canon Douglas, Martin Ricketts, Esq., and W. Maynard Howe, Esq. High Park (R. A. Douglas Gresley, Esq.). 5} m. Droitwich Stat. An ancient borough of 9858 P.B. pop., 1 M.P. The ilaven Hotel, a first-class family o I 194 Boute 27. — DroitwicJi : Brine Baths. Sect. II. and posting establishment, the pro- perty of John Corbett, Esq., M.P., is in close proximity to the baths, to which there is a private entrance. The salt-works in Wich are very an- cient, and this spot was evidently known to the Komans. Coins have been found in great quantity, espe- cially brass ones of Hadrian, Gallie- nus, Claudius, Carausius, and Con- stantius. In 1849 a pavement, orna- mented in compartments, was found in an arable field called Bays Mea- dow, within 8 inches of the surface. The additional name of Droit was not used until the 14th centy. The *' Upper Saltway passed hence over the Lickey to Birmingham and the sea-coast of Lincolnshire ; and the " Lower Saltway " crossed the county to the south through Gloucestershire towards the coast of Hants; traces of both remain. At Leland's visit there were 3 salt springs only, "whereof ii be nere together; the third a quarter of a mile of. At these be made the finest salt of England." In the reign of Queen Anne this monopoly was destroyed, and the price of salt reduced from 2s. to 4^. a bushel. Until 1725 the brine procured to evaporate was comparatively weak, and afibrded a small proportion of salt. In that year Sir K. Lane, M.P. for Worcester, on a suggestion of a Cheshire salt-worker, ordered the gypsum at the bottom of a pit to be sunk through. When tapping the brine-stream, the water broke out with such violence that two men were thrown to the surface and killed. This success induced others to sink through the gypsum, and a profusion of strong brine was ob- tained. For a long time the springs over- flowed at the surface, but owing to the constant drain upon them, the brine has now to be pumped up from a depth of 200 ft. The cavi- ties thus produced beneath the town have rendered yome buildings in- secure. The highest bed of rock salt is 120 ft., and the lowest 170 ft. below the sea-level. The rock on which the salt is situated is a fine-grained calcareo- argillaceous sandstone of the New Ked, beneath which strata of marl and gypsum alternate, till the brine is met with, at a considerable dis- tance below the surface, flowing over a bed of rock-salt first penetrated in 1828. At present 67 vats are in work, producing 80,000 tons of salt an- nually, and so constructed as to pro- duce fine and coarse salt at the same time though under diiferent degrees of heat. A slow fire produces the coarse salt, and a boiling heat the table salt. Considerable quantities of pure bay salt are also raised from the lower strata of the Eed Marl. Coal has been used in the boiling of the salt since 1610, before which time the fuel was wood from Fecken- ham Forest. The Brine Baths form a principal feature of the town, and are com- peting with the most popular resorts of all classes of invalids in this and other European countries. A greater amount of saline particles is held in solution than in any other known brine, and it surpasses in saltness even the waters of the Dead Sea. The new baths were opened on the 15th Dec, 1873, and consist of three different classes, besides a very fine Turkish bath, swimming-bath, sitz- bath, hot and cold brine sprays and douches. The Royal Bath House (W. H. Bambrigge, F.R.C.S.) adjoins to the baths, and is open for the reception of invalids. Cottage hospitals for poor patients have been established, and are sup- ported by annual subscriptions. WoRC. Boute 27. — Broitwicli — Dodderhill — Westwood, 195 Droitwich has three Churches, which contain very fine Ear. Eng. portions with additions of later date. St. Peter's has a Perp. tower, with some good Dec. windows and a small portion of ancient stained glass. Dr. Nash, the historian of the county, was buried here 1811 ; and there is an inscription to his memory, which he placed in the ch. some time before his death. There is an altar-tomb for Serjeant Wylde (d. 1616), with his effigies in full-dress robes. The Manor House (Mrs. Wilson), erected in 1618, the seat of the Nash family, is an interesting build- ing, restored in 1867. The prin- cipal apartment is oak panelled, and has plaster ornamentations of foliage and scroll work over the mantelpiece. The principal front has 3 gables, and there are 2 on the W. end. It is 3 stories high ; a porch has been added in uniform style, and plate-glass has replaced the original lozenge panes. This property was purchased from Earl Sbmers, whose grandmother was heiress of the Nash family. 8t, Andrew's contains marble tab- lets for many families connected with the borough, including one for Capt. Norbury, envoy from Geo. I. to Mo- rocco to negotiate the redemption of Christian slaves. St Nicholas, erected 1867-69, in the Dec. style, consists of a nave and S. aisle. The E. window is filled with stained glass, representing " The As- cension," by F reedy, the gift of Mrs. Miller, who contributed 500Z. to the erection of the edifice. In four smaller windows are " The Nati- vity," The Crucifixion," The Ee- surrection," and " The Descent of the Holy Ghost," by the same artist, and given by the same benefactor, in memory of her own and her husband's parents. The Salters Hall is a spacious building erected by J. Corbett, Esq., M.P. In 1645 Charles I., from his head- quarters here, besieged Hawkesley House, and the royal letter thanking the inhabitants for their attachment to him was long preserved. A navigable canal of 5^ m., con- structed 1771, connects Droit wich with the Severn at Hawford. By it some Droit wich salt is still conveyed to the Severn for exportation. " The works of this short navigation were wholly executed by Brindley, and are considered superior to those of any other in which he was engaged." — Smiles. This canal is noticeable as containing brackish water, and nourishing on its banks quantities of wild celery and other plants that love salt water. Forests of reed (Arundo Phragmites) also grow on the side of the water, giving a feature to the scene. In the Trench wood many rare species of lepido- pterous insects have been captured. The rly. to Birmingham from this town is worked by the Midland Com- pany. Dodderhill is a large parish close to the town of Droitwich. The church is dedicated to St. Augus- tine and is of great antiquity. Imp- ney Hall in this parish is the resi- dence of John Corbett, Esq., M.P. for the borough of Droitwich. If m. W. of Droitwich is Westwood Park (Lord Hampton). The park of 200 acres is laid out in rays of planting," from a centre which is occupied by the mansion. This was a house of Benedictine Nuns, subor- dinate to the Monastery of Fonte- vraud, granted at the Dissolution to Sir John Pakington, a lawyer of eminence, and Serjeant-at-law. Westwood, built temp. Eliz. as a banqueting - house, had 4 wings added after the death of Charles I., the mansion of Hampton having been wrecked during the wars. It o 2 196 Boute 27. — Westioood, Sect. 11. is a square block, 4 stories high, with wings of the same height pro- iecting diagonally from the 4 cor- ners, each terminating in a square tower surmounted by a lofty pyra- midal roof. The mansion is an imposing pile of buildings, placed on an eminence in an extensive park, in the centre of plantations which radiate from the mansion with wide avenues between each. In front of the principal entrance is a Gatehouse of brick, with ornamental gables and pin- nacles. It consists of a double lodge, having in the centre an arched gateway, over which is a massive structure of open timber work sup- porting an ogee and concave pyra- midal roof. The saloon, a very fine room, oc- cupies the entire width of the first floor towards the S.E. ; it is lighted by 4 lofty bay windows, and the walls are hung with rich old tapes- try. In the centre of N.W. side is a fine specimen of the lofty and elabor- ate carved oak fireplaces of the Eliza- bethan period, but the fiorid plaster ceiling is a later addition. Imme- diately under the saloon, and of the same size, though less lofty, is the entrance hall. It has also four large bay mullioned windows, the upper lights of which are filled with armo- rial bearings in coloured glass, the shields being similar in design to those in Hampton ch. The hall opens upon a remarkable staircase of oak, the massive balusters of the same material supporting at intervals tall Corinthian columns, surmounted by globes. The walls are of great height, extending almost to the roof ; and the length of the staircase cor- responds with that of the house from N.E. to S.W. It is lighted by five large mullioned windows, two of them being of unusual size, and over the centre of the staircase is a large gallery open at both ends, by look- ing from which a good idea is ob- tained of the immense space occupied by this peculiar feature of the house. In the N. wing is the chapel used for family worship, restored by Hard- wicke in 1848 : over the altar- table at N. end is a ten-light bay window, the six centre lights being filled with stained glass by Ward and Nixon, in two subjects — the Nativity and the Ascension : on a bracket against E. wall is a fine marble sculpture — a copy of the Prieto of M, Angela. Among numerous family paintings are those of Sir John Pakington, Bt., tlie Sir Roger de Coverley of Addison ; Lord Keeper Coventry ; Dorothy Lady Pakington ; Sir John Perrot, K.B., Lord Deputy of Ire- land, 1583-88 ; the eccentric Lord Cornbury (when Governor of New York), dressed as Queen Anne, &c. Dr. Hammond, Bps. Morley, Fell, many Royalist Cavaliers and Church of England Divines, found a welcome asylum here during the Common- wealth, and the hospitality of Do- rothy Lady Pakington, it is said, was repaid by some of them aiding her in the composition of that cele- brated work, * The Whole Duty of Man.* At the Revolution in 1688 Westwood atforded a retreat for several Non-juring divines, among whom was Dean Hickes, who wrote his celebrated ^ Thesaurus ' under this hospitable roof. The learned divine was consecrated Suffragan Bishop of Thetford in 1693, and died in 1715. "Dr. Hammond, for whom the See of Worcester was designed, died at Westwood shortly before the Restoration — an unspeakable loss to the Church. He was a man of great learning and of most eminent merit, having been the person that during the bad times had maintained the cause of the Church in a very remark- able manner. He was a very mode- rate man in his temper, though with a high principle, and probably he would have fallen into healing courses. He was also much set upon WoRC. Boute 27. — Hadzor — Hampton Lovett Church, 197 reforming abuses and for raising in the clergy a due sense of the obliga- tions they lay under." — Burnet. There is a lake of 60 acres in view of the mansion. 1 m. S.E. the modern Italian mansion of Hadzor (Herbert Galton, Esq.), contains a valuable collection of sculpture and paintings, including Cupid and Psyche, Finelli ; Infant Bacchus, Wyatt ; Faun, Wollf ; Thor- waldsen^s 4 reliefs from Anacreon's Odes ; Gibson's Venus and Cupid ; Portraits by Sir J. Eeijnolds, Eck- hout, Mytens, Vandyck; Group by Rembrandt; Virgin and St. Anne by Maes; Flight into Egypt by Mola; Fruitpiece with Birds and Monkeys, Snyders ; Infant Don Fer- dinand, Velasquez; Landscapes by Weenix, Cuyp, Routbout, Berghem, Collins, Morlandf &c. The Parish Church, in close proxi- mity to the mansion and dedicated to St. John the Baptist, is in the Decorated style circ. a.d. 1370, and has been lately restored. It contains some stained glass of the 14th cen- tury in perfect preservation, a monu- mental brass to John Howard Galton, the last owner, as well as four monuments to the Amphletts who were former owners of the parish. The village, composed entirely of half-timbered cottages, is remarkable for its picturesque effect. Mr. Galton' s property includes the parish of Oddingley, 2^ m. S. from Droitwich. The parish church de- dicated to St. James, in the late Perp. style, contains some good stained glass of the 15th century. The village acquired some noto- riety in the early part of the century from its being the scene of a double murder. In 1806 the principal farmers, at the instigation of a Cap- tain Evans, conspired to murder the rector, who had made himself ob- noxious by his mode of levying tlie tithe. A carpenter named Hemming was employed to shoot him ; but ou his subsequently meeting his em- ployers to receive the reward, he was himself murdered by them and buried in the corner of a barn. The body was not discovered until 1830, when Mr. Galton caused the barn to be pulled down. The surviving farmers were tried for the murder, but, owing to the death of the prin- cipal (Captain Evans), the accessories could not, according to the law in force at the period of the murder, be convicted. lim.'N. W.Hampton Lovett Church, restored in 1858 at the expense of Rt. Hon. Sir John S. Pakington, afterwards cr. Lord Hampton, has some Dec. windows, but the build- ing is chiefly of the 15th centy. or Perp. style. The tower occupies the position, and serves as a S. porch. It contains a richly panelled Peip. tomb for Sir John Pakington (d. 1551) ; a reclining statue of Sir John Pakington (d. 1727), by Rose ; an elaborate epitaph in Latin to Dr. Hammond, chaplain to Chas. I. (d. 1660) ; and a marble tablet for Mrs. Pakington (d. 1843). Ex- cellent stained glass, by Hardmany fills the E. window, which contains the Ascension, and a memorial win- dow on the S. side of the chancel has the figures of SS. Peter and Paul. The reredos is formed of rich encaustic tiles, with which the floor is «nlso paved. The beautiful cross in the ch.-yard was restored 1849 from a design by Hardwick, in memory of Lady Pakington (d. 1848). Eound the top of the shaft ai e statuettes of the four Evangelibts under canopies with their symbols. The family of Pakington came into Worcestershiie in the reign of Henry VI. by the marriage of John P. with the heiress of Washbourne. Their eldest son, Robert, M.P. for London, was murdered in that city in 1537. The second son, Sir John, who acquired tame and fortune as a lawyer, was in such favour with 198 Boute 27. — Hanhury Hall, Sect. II. Henry VIII. that he obtained a grant of Westwood and other manors, and the personal privilege " of wear- ing during his life his hat in that king's presence, and not be uncovered on any occasion against his good liking. * He erected a mansion in this manor, which he had purchased from Lord Mountjoy, which Leland describes as a veri goodly new Howse of Brike caulled Hampton Court." His nephew, Sir Thomas P., succeeded to these estates, and left a son. Sir John P., called " the Lusty/' who was during many years in great favour at the Court of Eliza- beth, by whom he was made a K.B. His eldest son, created a Bart, in 1620, having predeceased him, the knight was succeeded in 1625 by his grand- son, who experienced great hardships for his loyalty to Chas. I. He was twice imprisoned, his estates seques- tered, his losses being computed at upwards of 20,000Z. The mansion here was burnt down in these troubles, and Westwood enlarged as the future residence of tlie family. His wife was Dorothy, daughter of Lord Keeper Coventry, a benevolent and accomplished lady. Their only son survived them only eight year^, and left Sir John P., the 4th Bart., who was elected M.P. for Worcester- shire, in successior to his father at the age of 19, an(? was re-chosen on ten subsequent c-ccasions. He is considered to ha\e been the Sir Roger de Coverley of Addison. Sir Herbert P., the 5th Bt., was also M.P. for this county. After the decease of the 8th Bt. in 1830 the West- wood estates passed to his nephew, who was created a Bart, in 1846, on several occasions held office as a cabinet minister, and eventually was raised to the peerage as Lord Hamp- ton. Wychbold Hall (Rt. Hon. Sir R. P. Amphlett, Knt.). 4 m. E. Hanhury Hall (H. F. Vernon, Esq.), the seat of a branch of the ancient family of the Vernons, of Audley in Staffordshire. It was pur- chased from the Leightons by Edward Vernon, whose grandson, Thomas Vernon, realised a considerable for- tune as a Chancery barrister, and died when M.P. for this county in 1720. The house was built 1701-2 on the site of an older one. The hall and staircase were painted with the history of Achilles, by Sir J. Thorn- hill, who, to mark the folly of the age, has drawn a picture of Dr. Sache- verell carried away by the Classic Furies. The Church stands on a rounded eminence commanding an extensive view, which still retains the outlines of a double intrenched camp, within the limits of which Roman coins have been found. It has E. Eng. piers and arches, and some Dec. and Perp. portions. The chan- cel was rebuilt in 1861 in E. Eng. style from the designs of G. E. Street, Esq. In the Vernon Chapel" are several costly monu- ments, some by Roubiliac and Chan- trey, to menibers of the Vernon family. Thomas Vernon is repre- sented by a life-size figure in the costume of his profession on a mo- nument 20 ft. in height. Bowater Vernon (d. 1735) also by a life-size figure leaning on a pillar, holding an open book, with a medallion of a lady resting at his feet. Opposite on 1. is an old-fashioned house of wood and plaster, looking as if the Vernons had transplanted it from their native county of Chester. Mere Hall (E. Bearcroft, Esq.), an ancient half-timbered house, de- mands attention : a date on the front, 1337, in Arabic figures, there is little doubt ought to be 1537. The front has a succession of gables, the two largest forming wings, an octagon turret rises above the roof, and the house is approached by a fine avenue of elms. 11 J m. Hartlebury Junction Stat. WORC. Boute 27. — Eartlehury — Ombersley. 199 (White Hart Inn). The Palace (Bp. of Worcester). This manor was given to the see of Worcester in 850 by Burthred, king of the Mercians. The ancient castle, commenced by Bp. Cantilupe, was completed and fortified by Bp. Giffard in 1268 with the exception of the gate-house, which was added by Bp. Carpenter (Hen. VI.). It was garrisoned for Chas. I., but surrendered without a shot being fired, dismantled, and sold. The present edifice, in which utility has been studied more than orna- ment, was built, principally by Bp. Hough, of red sandstone, with em- battled parapets, having a quadran- gular court enclosed with walls. The library, 84 ft. long, was added by Bishop Hurd, who bequeathed to his successors a valuable collection of 7000 volumes, including those which had belonged to Bishop Warburton and Alexander Pope. The hall con- tains portraits of several bishops, of George III. and Queen Charlotte, whose gift of them to Bishop Hurd is perpetuated by this inscription : — Hospes imagines quas contemplaris Augustorum Principum Geo. III. et Charlottse conjugis Rex ipse Ricardo Episcopo Vigorn. donavit mdccxc." These portraits with others are heir- looms of this See. The windows of modern stained glass in the private chapel were added by Bp. Maddox ; the subject of E. window is The Agony in the Garden. A portion of the moat is converted into a flower-garden, and the avenue of limes, the prominent ornament of the park, was planted by Bp. Stillingfleet. The Church (restored) was rebuilt 1836-7 in Dec. style ; the tower, temp. Eliz., at the cost of Bp. San- dys. The graves of three bishops are in the ch.-yard, and there is a stone slab with a floriated cross for I. de Redborrow, rector, 1290. 2 m. S.E. from Kidderminster, Stone. In this parish is a sub- terranean passage in a rock, known as '* the Devil's Den,'* large enough to admit a man. Shanhlin Pool and Fenny Bough are favourite resorts for naturalists. Waresley House (Rev. B. Gibbons, M.A.). At Hoo Brook is a worsted mill giving employment to 70 persons. Stone Church, in Dec. style, con- sists of a small chancel, nave, and tower at the W. end with a neat octagonal spire. The E. window is tilled with stained glass, having tlie armorial devices of Lord Chancellor Lyndhurst, Bishop Cornwall, Dean Peel, and others very ably depicted. 2 m. W. Omhersley (Inhab. 5831 S.D.) — a village of unusual neatness — having rows of timber houses coloured black and white, and modern dwellings harmonizing with the older erections. In one of these dwellings, under the floor of an upper room, an original portrait of Henry IV. was found in 1868, and is now preserved at Powick. The Court (The Lord Sandys), " strong, handsome and convenient," erected in the reign of Queen Anne. There is a large collection of paint- ings, including portraits that be- longed to the distinguished admiral, Russel, Earl of Orford — Archbishop Sandys and his wife; Sir Samuel Sandys and Lady S. ; Charles Lewis, Prince Elector, Vandyck ; Prince Rupert and Col. Murray persuading Col. Russell, over a bottle, to resume his commission, Bobson; William, Duke of Bedford, Kneller ; Sir Thomas Cheek in armour; The Junto, viz., Duke of Devonshire; Lord Halifax; Lord Somers; Lord Sunderland; Lord Wharton; Sir Robert Walpole ; Edward Denny, Earl of Norwich; James, Earl of Carlisle; Hon. Col. Russel; Mr. Martin Sandys, set. 6. a.d. 1677, in hunting costume with a large hound ; Lady Denham ; Sir John Cheek, Secretary of State, and Preceptor to Edward VI. ; George 200 Boute 27. — Omhersley : Court ; Church, Sect, II. Sandys, the traveller in the East and author of a Paraphrase on the Psalms — a work much esteemed by Chas. 1. This manor was given to the Abbey of Evesham, but it was taken from the abbey by the king. After some years it was leased to Sir John Bourne of Holt, Secre- tary of State to Queen Mary, from whose heir it was purchased by John Talbot of Salwarp, from whom it was bought by Archbishop Sandys. The family of Sandys was originally seated at St. Bees, in Cumberland. The Kev. Edwin Sandys, D.D., was Master of Catherine Hall and Yice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, temp. Edw. VI. ; he was attached to the interest of Lady Jane Grey, and was imprisoned in the Tower after the accession of Mary; upon his release he went abroad, only returning upon Elizabeth succeed- ing to the throne, after which he was successively Bishop of Win- chester, Bishop of London, and Arch- bishop of York. His Grace died in 1588, and was buried at Southwell. He was succeeded by his eldest son. Sir Samuel Sandys, who was sheriff of this county in 1618, and M.P. for it in 1620. He died in 1623, and was buried at Wickham- ford, his eldest son surviving him only a few months. Samuel Sandys, a minor, in 1624 was a most active officer in the King's army. He was present at the battles of Edgehill and "Worcester, raised and equipped a regiment of foot and of cavalry — the latter consisting of seven troops. He was identified with the most important designs for the restoration of the Monarchy, was often im- prisoned, had his estates sequestered, but survived the Commonwealth, and lived to 1685. His eldest son, Samuel, was M.P. for Droitwich, and died in 1701, being succeeded at Omberslev by his grandson, Samuel Sandys, Esq., who repre- sented. Worcester in several parlia- ments, was Chancellor of the Ex- chequer in 1741, on the downfall of the Walpole Ministry, and was raised to the peerage in 1743. His lordship held subsequently many offices of State, and died in 1770 at Ombersley. The second Lord Sandys died without issue in 1797, when the title became extinct, but it was recreated in 1802 in favour of Mary, Marchioness of Down- shire, who was the eldest surviving niece and co-heiress of the last lord. At her ladyship's decease, in 1836, these estates devolved upon her 2nd son, a distinguished cavalry officer, who had gained distinction in the battles in the Peninsula and at Waterloo. On his death, unmar- ried, in 1860, Lord Marcus Hill succeeded to the peerage, and in 1863 the title and estates passed to his son — the present owner. The Church, built 1830 by RicJc- man, is a very fair specimen of revived Gothic. It cost 18,000Z., and consists of nave, aisles, chancel, tower at W. end (95 ft.) with a spire (75 ft.), having canopied lights. The chancel of the original Ear. Eng. ch. is reserved as a mausoleum, and contains monuments for Samuel Sandys, Esq. (d. 1685); Samuel S., Esq. (d. 1701) ; Edwin, Lord Sandys (d. 1797), by Nollekens ; General Lord S. (d. 1860), and for other members of the Sandvs family. I 1 m. W. Woodfield House (Alfred Hancocks, Esq.). A turnpike-road from this village crosses the river by a bridge at Holt Fleet ; 4 m. beyond which is Witley Court (Earl of Dudley). 2 J m. E. Elmley Lovett Manor. The house is a good example of a half- timbered structure. The date of 1 625, with the words Nisi Dominus beneath on one of the ornamented gables, indicated the period of its completion by Robert Townshend, Esq., who acquired this estate by WoRC. Boute 27. — Kidderminster : Church, 201 marriage with the coheiress of the Actons. This manor belonged to Beau- champ, Earl of Warwick, and after his attainder was granted to Sir Kobert Acton by Henry VIII. It now belongs to W. Orme Foster, Esq. The ch., with the exception of the tower and its spire, was rebuilt in 1839. In the ch.-yard is an ancient preaching-cross, a broken monolith raised on three steps. 15 m. Kidderminster Stat., on the main line. (Inns : Lion, Black Horse; Inhab. 25,634 P.B. ; 1 M.P.), a dingy-looking, irregularly built town on the Stour, famed for its manu- factures before the reign of Hen. VIII., when a statute was passed for the protection of woollen-cloths in this and other towns in Wor- cestershire. Its trade afterwai'ds consisted of linsey-woolseys ; then of crapes, bombazins, and poplins. About 1735 the manufacture of Scotch carpeting was introduced, and, in a few years, of carpets kncwn las " Wiltons." The trade, which has experienced repeated fluctuations owing to the competition of its Yorkshire rivals, is now principally limited to the manufacture of Brus- sels carpets, rugs, and the spinning of worsteds, in the preparation of which, in 1862, 600 looms and 4800 artizans were employed. For bril- liancy and durability of colour, these carpets are considered to be un- rivalled, and this excellence they derive from the peculiar qualities of the river Stour for scouring and striking, which arises from its im- pregnation with fuller's earth and iron. The CJiurehy on the edge of a rocky height over the river, has a spacious Dec. chancel, with triple sedilia of simple yet elegant proportions, in the centre of which is a large brass re- presenting a female between her two husbands, Sir W. de Cookesey I and Sir J. Philip, with this quaiDt Latin inscription : — " Miles honorificus John Philip subjacet intt» Henricus Quintus dilexerat huncut amicus; Consepelitur ei ejus sponsa Matilidis amata Waltero Cookesey prius armigero sociata. Audax et fortis, apud Harfleur John bene gessit, Et Bare vim mortis patiens migrare recessit, M. C. quater, xy. Ctetobris luce secmida, Sit suus, Alme Jesu, tibi spiritus hostia munda.*' The reredos consists of an arcade of 7 pointed arches trefoiled, resting on shafts with foliated capitals. The E. E. nave is lofty, with Perp. clere- story. This church was consider- ably restored under the superin- tendence of Mr. Hopkins. On N. side, under an arch, is an altar-tomb with the effigies of Wil- liam Cookesey in armour, and his wife; also an altar-tomb with the effigies of Thomas Blount and his wife. In the S. aisle is a panelled Perp. tomb with an effigy of a lady in her gown and mantle, apparently in memory of a lady abbess, but as- cribed to a Lady Beauchamp. In the S. porch is an alabaster altar-tomb of excellent workman- ship, with the effigies of Sir Edw. Blount and his two wives in the costume of the 16th centy. The dresses of the ladies are most accu- rately preserved. The large W. window has full-length fi^j^ures of the Apostles and Evangelists in the 16 principal lights ; and the E. win- dow, by the same artist, O'Connor^ is filled with glass representing the Nativity, Baptism, Agony, Bearing the Cross, Crucifixion, and the Re- surrection. The lofty and massive Perp. tower at W. end is 3 stages in height, and the principal entrance is through it. Near an aumbry, in the Sanctuary, a brass plate records the restoration of the ch., and the rebuildinj? of the aisle in 1847 by the Earl of Dudley. In a Perp. building adjoining the chancel, once used as the grammar- school, is preserved an original por- 202 Boute 27. — Franche — Chaddesley Corhett. Sect. II. trait of Richard Baxter, the Non- conformist preacher. He was the minister of this parish 1640-1666, the people of which he found very- ignorant, irreligious, and dissolute, and whom his exhortations made remarkable for their decency and piety. Baxter's chair remains in the vestry. Sir Ralph Clare, a warm advocate for episcopacy, who counter- acted the designs of Baxter against the hierarchy, is buried in the ch. There is also a portrait of Baxter, taken in 1691, at the Independent chapel. A statue to Sir Rowland Hill, the introducer of the penny postage, a native of Kidderminster, has been erected near the Town Hall. 1 m. Franche Hamlet. A Church in Ear. Eng. style, composed of red brick faced with stone, was erected here in 1871 by the children of Rev. Canon Fortescue, of Worcester, in memory of their parents, who died within a week of each other in 1869. The edifice consists of a chancel, nave, porch, vestry, bell-turret, with spire. It has an open roof. The font, an elegant specimen of stone carving, was the gift of Mr. Phil- pott. 4 m. Over Areley Castle (R. Wood- ward, Esq.), erected by the last Earl of Mount Norris, on the site of a mansion which belonged to the Ly t- teltons. It stands on the left bank of the Severn, commanding an ex- tensive prospect over the Forest of Wyre. Sir Henry Lyttelton, Bart., who succeeded to his father's title and estates, in 1649, made this place his chief residence after the de- struction of the Frankley Mansion. In 1654 he was committed to the Tower, for supposed designs to sub- vert the Cromwell Government, aiid detained a close prisoner during 17 months. At the restoration he was elected M.P. for Lichfield, and was one of the jurymen on the trial of the Regicides. He died at Over Areley, in 1693, and was buried in that ch. where an elaborate monu- ment was placed to his memory by his brother, Sir Charles L., who was also buried in this ch. in 1716. On the decease of Thomas, second Lord Lyttelton, this estate passed to his sister, Viscountess Valentia, and then to her only son, the last Earl of Mount Norris. This parish, locally in Wor- cestershire, is part of Staifbrdshire. Roman antiquities are frequently found within it. An ancient road called the F<>stway (a name common to Roman Vicinal ways), which led from Worcester to Wroxeter (Uri- conium), is still the post road between Worcester and Shrewsbury. An ex- tensive camp in Areley wood is nearly an exact square, with double, and on one side treble, ditches. It is pro- bably a work of Ostorius. 1 m. Wolverley, in which parish Baskerville, the enterprising Bir- mingham printer, was born 1706. His elegant types were purchased from his executors by a literary society at Paris for 3700L In the ch. is a monument to Mrs. Knight — one of Flaxman^s best productions. Sion Hill (F. Elkington, Esq.), a fice modern mansion. Wolverley House (Colonel Knight, C.B., M.P.). Lea Castle, Precipitous wooded heights known as "Wolverley Walks " rise abruptly, with a dense mass of rocks and trees, above the river Stour in the grounds. Near this romantic spot Chas. II. crossed the river on his flight to Boscobel, The Court (Augustus Talbot Han- cocks, Esq.). Blakeshall House (Wm. Hancocks, Esq. ). Wondfield (Alfred Hancocks, Esq.). Wolverley Ch., erected on the site of the former building in 1772, contains many tablets, and a good window of stained glass at its E. end. The Cookley Iron find Tin-plate Works, founded by the Knight family in the 17th centy., employ about 400 persons. 4J m. E. Chaddesley Corhett (Inh. 2243, S.D.), a large village. Its Church WoRC. Boute 27. — Eagley Parh : Paintings, 203 has portions of Norm, work, of which the font is a fine specimen. The chancel is Dec, with elegant tracery in the windows, and good sedilia. In N. chapel are two recumbent figures, of a Crusader and an eccle- siastic. At E. end of nave is a slab of 15th-centy. work with brass figures of Thos. Forest, keeper of Dunclent Park, his wife and 11 children — much worn ; a horn and forked arrows are added, to show his calling. There are also tablets for the Paking- tons and Sir W. O. Kussell, Chief Justice of Bengal (d. 1833). Plere- more House (Major Traftord] ; Sion House ; Winter/old (the Misses Har- ward). 18 m. Churchill Stat. Ismere House (W. Trow, Esq.). Gothic farm-buildings and a pair of cottages, erected on Lord Lyttel- ton's estate, deserve inspection. They are attractive in appearance, and very commodious. IJ m. Broom Church contains a marble figure and tablet, by Flax- man, to Mrs. Hill. Broom pool is a noble sheet of water (Inn : Lyttelton Arms). 20 m. Hatjley Stat., J m. from the village, which contains a consider able number of good private houses, many of large dimensions. Boch ingham Hall (Major H. Williams). 1 m. Hagley Bark (Lord Lyttel- ton) : — " British Tempe ! There along the dales With woods o'erhung and shagg'd with mossy rocks — There on each hand the gushing waters play And down the rough cascade with dashing fall, Or gleam in lengthen'd vista thro' the trees.' T?iomson The present house, built by the first Lord Lyttelton, near the site of the old mansion, is a quadrangular building flanked at each end with a square tower. It stands on a slope of the park, and overlooks the adja- cent country. The hall, 30 ft. square, contains a well-executed white marble chimneypiece, supported by 2 figures of Hercules : — Courtship of Diana by Pan, in relievo, Vasari ; — busts of Kubens and Vandyck, Bysbrach ; — casts in scagliola of Bacchus, Venus, and Mercury. The library, in ad- dition to its valuable collection of books, is ornamented with busts of Shakspeare, Milton, Spenser, and Dryden, by Seheemaker, bequeathed to George Lord Lyttelton by Alex- ander Pope; whose portrait, with that of his dog Bounce in the same picture, is also in this apartment. The gallery, 85 ft. by 22 ft., contains among a large collection of paintings Countess of Exeter, Vandyck ; St. John, Le Jeune ; — Sir C. Lyttelton, Le Fevre; — John Lyttelton, Zuc- chero ; — Countess of Suffolk and Miss Brown, Duke of Monmouth, Duke of Richmond, Sir William Fairfax, and William Viscount Brouncker, all by Lely ; — Oliver Cromwell, with Sir Peter Temple, uncertain; — Sir Christopher Minns, Zorst ; — Princess of Orange, Mother of William III., Honthorst ; — Portrait of Edward L., familiarly known as "Long Ned," in a white dress, having a peasecod- shaped body with a rope chain of gold 4 times round the neck. This picture is attributed to the elder Probus ; — Thomas Lord Clifford, one of the "Cabal" Ministry, by Old Stone. He has his Staff as Lord Treasurer, and is drawn in armour, though no soldier, out of flattery to Charles II., as he said the most glorious part of his life was attending the king at the battle of Worcester. — Walpole. The drawing- room is hung with Gobelins tapestry. The ceiling was painted by Cipriani, Portraits of the Earl of Bath and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke, Lords Pelham, Chesterfield, and Cobham, by Bamsay. The saloon contains numerous paintings. In other rooms are — Dead Christ, with the two Marys, Vandyck ;—ThQ Misers, by Quentin Matsys, the Antwerp Black- smith ; — Lot and his Daughters, Luca Giordano Holy Family m 204 Boute 27.- , — Hagley, Sect. II. Egypt, Poussin; — Christ, and the Woman taken in Adultery, Paul Veronese; — Louise de Querouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth, Le Fevre; — Christ and His Disciples at Em- maus, uncertain ; — Queen of Bohemia and Lady Compton, Janssen. The family portraits are also very nume- rous, Hagley is mostly famous for the beauty of its park and grounds, thus enthusiastically extolled by Horace Walpole : — " I cannot describe the enchanting beauty of the park ; it is a hill of three miles, but broke into all manner of beauty ; such lawns — such woods — rills, cascades, and a thickness of verdure quite to the summit of the hill, and commanding such a view of towns, and meadows, and woods, extending quite to the Black Mountains in Wales. Here is a ruined castle, built by Millar ; has the true rust of the Barons' wars. . . . A small lake, with cascades falling down such a Parnassus, with a cir- cular temple on the distant eminence, a fairy dale with cascades gushing out of rocks, a pretty well under a wood, like the Samaritan Woman's in a picture of Nicolo Poussin." The grounds were laid out by Geo. Lord L., who erected an octagon temple at a short distance from the house to the memory of his friend the poet Thomson. " Ingenio immor- tali Jacobi Thomson, viri boni, SBdiculam hanc in secessu quem vivus dilexit, post mortem ejus con- structum dicat, dedicatque G. Lyt- telton." A model of the porch of the temple of Theseus ; and a column bearing the statue of Frederic Prince of Wales. The dell of shrubberies and waterfalls, made by the first Lord and Shenstone, were altered long since. This manor was purchased (1564) by Sir John Lyttelton from the Earl of Ormond, as a hunting-seat. He increased his fortune by marrying: Bridget, daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Pakington, to whom the wardership of Sir J. Lyttelton had been granted. He was M.P. for Worcestershire, and held many offices of value and importance in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Dying in 1590, he was buried at Halesowen. His son Gilbert, who resided at Prestwood, died in 1599, leaving John L., who was attainted of treason, for alleged complicity with the designs of Lord Essex, and died in prison shortly after his con- viction. King James I. on his accession granted back to Mrs. Lyttelton, the widow, the whole estate forfeited by her husband's attainder. She was daughter of Lord Chancellor Brom- ley, and a lady of great prudence iand good sense. She died at Hagley 1630, and was buried in the ch.-yard. Her eldest son, Thomas, was created a Baronet in 1618, and sat in parlia- ment for the county of Worcester. He was a prominent actor on the King's side in the Civil Wars. He was taken prisoner at Bewdley in 1645, by a party commanded by " Fox the Finder," imprisoned and fined 4000Z. His mansion at Frankley was burnt during his con- finement. He died in 1650, and was buried in Worcester Cathedral. Sir Charles L. was at the siege of Colchester, from which place lie escaped to the Continent, but re- turned in 1659 to aid the abortive efforts of Sir George Booth. He was then imprisoned for some months. In 16e32 he became Gover- nor of Jamaica, and held other employments under the crown. In 1685 he was elected for Bewdley, and was Brigadier General of the Forces under James II. ; on the acces- sion of William III. he resigned all his offices, and passed the latter years of his life in seclusion at Hag- ley, where he died in 1716, at the age of 86. His son Henry joined the Prince of Orange soon after his landing, and there is a letter at Hagley from WoRC. Boute 27. — Hagley Church — St. Kenelm's Chapel, 205 Sir Charles to his lady, relating with what confusion he had been com- pelled to apologise to King James for the disloyalty of his son, and that the King said in reply " he could not wonder that my son had done so since his own children were so disobedient/' Sir Thomas Lyttelton, his son, was several times M.P. forWorcestershire, and was a Lord of the Admiralty under Sir Kobert Walpole's adminis- tration. In 1741 he retired from public life, and died at Hagley in 1751. Sir George, who succeeded to his father^s estates, sat in parlia- ment for Okehampton, was secretary to Frederick, Prince of Wales, and in 1755 appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1757 he was created a peer by the title of Lord Lyttelton of Frankley, and died at Hagley, 1773, where his only son, Thomas 2nd Lord Lyttelton, also departed this life in 1779, s.p., and this title became extinct. The Baronetcy and Hagley estates devolved upon his uncle William Henry, 6th son of Sir Thomas L., the 5th baronet. This gentleman sat in parliament for Bewdley ; was Governor of Jamaica and Ambassador to Portugal, and in 1776 was advanced to the dignity of a Baron in Ireland as Lord Westcote. In 1794 he was created Lord Lyttel- ton in the English peerage, an honour now enjoyed by his grandson, — the fourth Baron — who is Lord Lieutenant of the county of Wor- cester. The Church, near the mansion, was enlarged and thoroughly re- stored, from Street's designs, by a fund raised throughout the county in order to honour the Lord L. with a testimonial expressive of the general appreciation of his conduct as Lord Lieutenant, and thus expended in accordance with his wishes. The chancel floor is raised above the nave, and paved with encaustic tiles. At S. side of chancel are 3 elegant sedilia. The E. window, that at W. end of S. aisle, and the porch, with a seat inscribed, are memorials for Lady Lyttleton (d. 1857). The arch of the chancel is of great width, and rests upon detached shafts of polished serpentine marble. The pulpit is enriched with panels of the same material, and a spire has been added. Clent Church, Ear. Eng., has Norm, piers and arches on S. side, and a Dec. E. window. The CJent Hills are a favourite resort for tourists and picnic parties. The scenery around is both interest- ing and pleasing. On the summit are 4 stones placed by George, Lord Lyttelton, in imitation of a Druidical monument. On Clent Heath, in 1790, a large jar filled with Koman gold and silver coins was found a short distance from the battle-field of the Komans and Britons. 2. m. from Hagley Stat., by a pleasant walk through the park, St. Kenelm's Cha2)el, an ancient fabric on E. side of Clent Hill, has a tower of Perp. style richly adorned with pinnacles and gurgoyles. On the wall is an ancient sculpture repre- senting St. Kenelm giving a bene- diction. The arch and pillars are Norm. This chapel was founded to record the place where the body of Kenelm was discovered. This young prince had been left in 820 in the protection of his sister Quen- dred, who caused him, under the pretence of hunting, to be carried into a woody vale by a soldier named Ascobert, who slew him and secretly buried his body. The murder, ac- cording to the monkish legends, was discovered by a dove dropping a scroll on the high altar of St. Peter's at Rome, which contained these words : — " In Clent sub spina, jacet in convalle bovina Vertice privatus Kenelmus rege creatus." After the erection of this chapel, 206 Boute 27. — Stourbridge — Stourton Castle, Sect. IT. pilgrimages to the shrine of St. Kenelm afforded a lucrative income to the priests, until the discourage- ment given to these superstitious practices in 1535. A contention arose among many religious houses for the possession of St. Kenelm's body, and the abbey of Winchcombe ultimately succeeded. 2J m. Belbroughton (5391 Inhab.). Scythes, chaff knives, and edge tools are manufactured here. 2 m. Bell Hall (C. P. Noel, Esq.). In the grounds is a small Norm, chapel, retaining its doorway, and the windows on either side. After passing for about 2 m. in a deep cutting through the red sand- stone, the rly. reaches 22J m. Stourbridge Stat. (Inn : Talbot ; Inhab. of district 27,563, S. D.), placed on a great elevation above the market-town on the Stour, which derives its importance from the mines of coal, ironstone, and clay, which afford employment to a great number of persons in the manufacture of fire-bricks, spades, scythes, anvils, &c. Ironstone and coal were raised in this vicinity in the time of Edward III., but to a small extent until the present centy. These coal measures containing iron- stone are chiefly worked on account of the saponaceous quality of the fire-clay, which is here so largely used for bricks. Three seams of coal are worked, and called the top new mine and bottom, with two courses of fire-clay, the lower of which lying beneath the bottom coal is considered the most valuable. The manufacture of glass, intro- duced here in 1557, has been brought to great perfection, and is carried on upon an extensive scale. Its various productions enjoy a facility of transport by the canal, which carries them into Staffordshire, and to the Severn at Stourport, with the even more convenient outlet of railway communication. A grammar school^ founded by Edw. VI., is well en- dowed, and under the care of eight governors residing in the parish. Dr. Johnson was placed at this school at the age of 15, and re- mained rather more than a year. At Old Swinford is a hospital, founded and liberallv endowed by Thomas Foley, Esq.,'M.P., in 1672, for the education and apprenticing of 60 boys, who wear a distinc- tive dress. The church was rebuilt in 1842, with the exception of its 14th-centy. tower and lofty spire. Wollaston Hall (H. O. Firmstone, Esq.). Pedmore Ch. IJ m. has a curious sculptured arch over the inner door of the porch, represent- ing the Deity surrounded by the symbols of the Evangelists. Fed- more Hall (J. B. Cochrane, Esq.). 3 m. N. Lawneswood (Colonel Fletcher, F.R.S.), erected in 1840 in the Italian style on the slope of a hill, backed by a fine screen of wood. The library contains a fine collec- tion of illuminated missals and other valuable MSS., also an extensive assortment of fossils of the Silurian period. [Road 13 m. to Bridgenorth, through a hilly district. 1 m. Stourton Castle ( — Arkle, Esq.), on the river Stour, at an early period the property of the Hamp- tons, for one of whom there is an efiSgy in Kinver Church. Reginald Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury, was born here in 1500 ; and in 1554 Sir Thomas Wherwood was its owner. In 1644 the castle, being at that time garrisoned, was surrendered for the King to Gilbert Garrand ; and in 1650 it was sold to Thos. Foley, the founder of that family. The ancient buildings have yielded to the im- provements of time and the taste of its present owner. Stourton Hall (owner, Samuel B. Bourne, Esq.). 2J m. Stewpony Inn, a commodious hotel, much frequented by travellers. J m. N. is Frestwood House (H. W. WoRC. Boute 27 » — Enville Hall : Church Windows, 207 Foley, Esq.), erected at the close of the 15th centy. by Sir John Lyttel- ton, of Frankley, as a hunting-seat. His son Gilbert Lyttelton, M.P. for Worcestershire, made this his chief residence. This property had been sold by John Sutton, Lord Dudley, to Sir John Lyttelton, but this right to dispose of was disputed by his grandson, Edward Lord Dudley, who in 1592 came to Prestwood with an armed party, and drove away all the live-stock on the estate. This outrage being enquired into and proved in the Star Chamber, Lord Dudley was fined 1000 marks. It was purchased from the Lytteltons by Sir Edw. Sebright, sold in 1680 to Philip Foley, Esq., M.P., and is now possessed by his descendant. 1 m. S. Kinver Church, a very ancient edifice, with many portions of Early Norm., has a mutilated alabaster monument for one of the Hampton family ; one, of speckled marble, with figures of a knight and his two wives in brass, for Sir E. Grey, who died 1524 ; also in N". aisle of chan- cel, tablets for the Foleys and Hodgetts, and for William Talbot of Whittington, father of the Bishop of Durham. Kinver Edge, a very elevated ridge, once part of an ex- tensive forest, has a camp, supposed to be a work of the Danes, below which, on E. side, is a tumulus en- vironed by a small ditch. On the N. side, which is very steep, is a re- markable cavern, called Inigd's Fox Hole, 5 m. Enville Hall — in Staffordshire (Earl of Stamford and Warrington), erected temp. Henry YIII. — is a spacious mansion, with two lofty turrets at the entrance, and rich gable ends with ornamented chim- neys on each side. It experienced extensive alterations in 1760, under the superintendence of the poet Shenstone, who also designed the arrangement of the plantations. The centre,which recedes from the wings, has Gothic windows, and is flanked with two rectangular towers; from these the wings extend, appearing as modern additions, and round the top of the whole runs a battlement which conceals the roof. In the park is the Shenstonian Cascade, which dashes over rocks into a deep glen, partly hid by laurel and tufted shrubs. The Fountains are unusually powerful, and throw up a body of water, which can be seen at considerable distances. The gardens and aviaries amply repay a visit, and the public are admitted to the grounds under most liberal regula- tions on every Tuesday and Friday. This estate was given by Reginald Lord Ruthyn, Admiral of England in the reign of Richard II. to his third son, Robert Grey, by whose grandson the present house was built. His only son, John Grey, sold this estate to Sir Henry Grey, of Pirgo, created Lord Grey of Groby, 1603. He was succeeded in 1614 by his grandson, who be- came Earl of Stamford in 1628, and gave Enville to his third son John, whose eldest son Harry succeeded his cousin as 3rd Earl of S. in 1720. Harry, 4th Earl, married the Lady Mary Booth, only child of the last Earl of Warrington, who died in 1758. This title was conferred in 1796 on George Harry, the 6th Earl, but these honours became extinct on the death of his great-grandson, the 7th Earl of Stamford and Warrington. The windows of Enville Church contain a variety of armorial bearings in painted glass. In the chancel is a handsome alabaster monument, with figures of men in complete ar- mour, and a woman in the costume of the 16th centy., for Thomas Grey of Enville, Esq., who died 1559 ; and Anne his wife, daughter of Sir Ralph Verney ; also other tablets for mem- bers of tins noble family. Under a well-executed zigzag arch is a very ancient monument, without arms or inscription. Judge Lyttelton be- 208 Boule 27. — Himley Rail — Halesowen, Sect. II. qiieathed a "book called ' Fasciculus Morum ' to this church. 8 m. Four Ashes Souse (Rev. Ghas, Amphlett). 4 1 m. N. Himley Hall (Dowager Lady Ward), a modern house, having an extensive lake in front. The pic- turesque beauty and sequestered position of this estate have been in- jured by the smoke which proceeds from the various furnaces opened in its immediate vicinity. The estate has belonged to the ancestry of the Earl of Dudley from the 16th century. Humble, first Lord Ward, resided here, and was buried in the ch. 1670. John, sixth Lord Ward, was created a Viscount in 1763, and William, 4th Viscount, was advanced to the Earl- dom of Dudley in 1827. The ch., rebuilt in 1764, contains many good monuments for the noble family of Ward. J m. S. of Himley is Holheachy an old mansion remarkable in history as being the house in which Stephen Lyttelton and others concerned in the Gunpowder Plot were taken in 1605. Both the Wrights were killed ; Cates- by and Percy slain with one bullet ; Rookwood and Winter wounded, and the rest apprehended. In the parish of Goraal, grind- stones, much used in the iron- works, are raised ; and to the S., near Cor- bin*s Hall, is a stratum of clay es- teemed of excellent quality for the manufacture of glass. The male in- habitants of this parish are notorious for their size and strength. 2 m. W. Wollescote House (G. Tay- lor, Esq.). During the Civil Wars Prince Rupert made this mansion, then the residence of Thos. Milward, Esq., his head-quarters for a con- siderable period, and on his depar- ture gave Mr. M. a signet ring, tell- ing him that adverse fortune would not allow him to recompense his damage and loyalty, but that when the King's affairs turned out pros- perously he should have his loss repaired on presenting the king with this ring, and narrating the cir- cumstances. At the Restoration a younger son by this means obtained valuable preferment in the Church. [A railway from Stourbridge Stat, to Smethwick June. Stat, passes through a densely-peopled locality (without having even one cohered station to accommodate the waiting passengers), obtaining traffic from a succession of iron works and other important manufactories. 2 m. Lye Stat. : a fire-clay and mining locality. 4 m. Cradley (pronounced Crade- ley) Stat. The inhabitants of this district are chiefly occupied in the manufacture of chains, anchors, and other heavy articles in iron. The Church has been renovated at a cost of about £4000, mostly subscribed by the parishioners. 5J m. Old Hill Stat. : Public con- veyances cannot be obtained. IJ m. Halesowen — 16,263 Inhab. — situated in a valley on the Stour (which rises in this locality), consists of one principal street and a number of detached houses. It stood within a part of Shropshire, insulated be- tween Worcester and Stafford, but by the operation of a statute passed in 1844, it now forms part of Wor- cestershire. Here are some remains of a Priory, founded by Peter de Rupibus, Bp. of Worcester, in 1215, for Premonstratensian Canons. From the portions yet extant, it appears to have been of great extent, and in the E. Eng. style, and there is a rare kind of monument preserved — an effigy of extremely small dimen- sions, yet representing an adult knight. The inhabitants are en- gaged in the manufacture of gun- barrels, anchors, edge-tools, files, rivets, horn-buttons, &c. The spacious Churchy standing on the summit of a hill, contains many WoRC. Boute 27. — Halesowen : The Leasowes, 209 Norm, portions, with later insertions, but the pillars of the nave are ancient and curious ; part of the tower and W. front have round arches, thick clumsy pillars with Early Norm, capitals. The font is an interesting specimen of Norman work. Here is an elaborate monument, 20 ft. in height, to Major Halliday (d. 1794). It cost lOOOZ. There are bas-reliefs on its sides — one representing Bene- volence clothing the naked. There is a long poetical eulogistic epitaph, and at E. end of N. aisle an urn on a pedestal to the poet Shenstone, who is buried in the churchyard, and whose residence at TJie Leasowes lias contributed more renown to this parish than its useful manufactures. The urn is thus inscribed : — " Whoe'er thou art, with reverence tread These sacred mansions of the dead ; Not that the monumental bust Or sumptuous tomb here guard the dust Of rich or great (let wealth, rank, birth, Sleep undistinguish'd in the earth). This simple urn records a name That shines with more exalted fame. Reader, if genius, taste refined, A native elegance of mind — If virtue, science, manly sense. If wit that never gave offence— The clearest head, the tenderest heart. In thy esteem e'er claimed a part, Ah ! smite thy breast and drop a tear. For know thy Shenstone's dust lies here." Many of the Lytteltons are buried here, though without memorials, and the celebrated Judge L., at his death in 1483, left two books, now lost, to be chained in this ch. for the use of the priests. Halesowen Grange (F. D. Lea Smith, Esq.). The Church has been extensively restored, and was re-opened in 1875. The architect was Sir G. Scott. About J m. from the town, on the banks of the river Stour, are the ruins of the once famous Ahhey, whose buildings extended over 11 acres. Among the relics preserved in it was the head of St. Barbara. The ruins are now mingled with the buildings of a farm-house. It was founded by 1 King John, and occupied by monks I of the Praemonstratensian order in the reign of Henry III. A remark- able stone slab has been fixed to the wall of the refectory, bearing the effigy of an abbot, probably Abbot Richard, who died in 1260. The Hospitium is now used as a barn. There are also remains of the choir and transept. 1 m. N.E. The Leasowes (no occu- pant), the paternal estate of Wm. Shenstone, eldest son of Thomas Shenstone, a gentleman of moderate means, who farmed his property. The poet was born here, Nov. 18th, 1714, and was educated at Solihull School and Pembroke College, Ox- ford. His enlightened taste enabled him to render this estate an epitome of every requisite essential to form a beautiful landscape, with numberless picturesque views over the diversified country around. Many journeys were formerly made by travellers to visit this far-famed spot. Since Shen- stone's death (Feb. 1763), from a putrid fever, this property has passed through the hands of various owners, by whom alterations have been made in the grounds, which are improved by the growth of trees, and the re- moval of leaden Shepherdesses ; a line of canal close to the place has interfered with its rural quiet, and brought the disagreeable accom- paniments of rude traffic and vexa- tious depredation. Enough of their original appearance, however, re- mains to render these grounds highly interesting. The inscription on an urn to the memory of Shenstone's relative, Miss Dolman, a victim to small-pox at the age of 22, admired for its composition and sympathy of ' expression — " Ah, Maria ! Pueilarum elegantissima ! Ah flore venustatis abrepta, Vale! Heu quanto minu3 est Cum reliquis versari Quam Tui meminisse." V 210 Boute 27. — Bowley Begis — Netherton, Sect. II. " His delight in rural pleasures, and his ambition of rural elegance, induced him to point his prospects, to diversify his surface, to entangle his walks, and to wind his waters ; which he did with such judgment and such fancy as made his little domain the envy of the great and the admiration of the skilful, a place to be visited by travellers and copied by designers. "Whether to plant a walk in undulating curves, and to place a bench at every turn where there is an object to catch the view ; to make water run where it will be heard, and to stagnate where it will be seen; to leave intervals where the eye will be pleased, and to thicken plantations where there is something to be hidden — demands any great powers of mind I will not enquire : perhaps a surly and sullen specula- tor may think such performances rather the sport than the business of human reason. But it must be at least confessed that to embellish the form of Nature is an innocent amuse- ment; and some praise must be allowed by the most supercilious observer to him who does best what such multitudes are contending to do well." — Dr. Johnson. 6 J m. Bowley Regis Stat. The class of trap-rock of igneous origin appears at various detached points through the coal-fields of Dudley. The largest mass constitutes the stony hills extending from Kowley Regis to the suburbs of Dudley. The ch. of Eowley is built upon the culminating point of the rock near its southern termination. These hills have long afforded a road-stone under the name of the Rowley Rag." It is usually a hard, fine- grained, crystalline greenstone, in some cases approaching very nearly to basalt, being an intimate admix- ture of grains of hornblende with small crystals of felspar, and a few grains of quartz. One of the most precipitous faces of the rock is seen at the Hailstone, where broad pris- matic masses of grey colour rise on the W. side of the hill. A most beautiful example of the slender columnar form is seen at the Pearl quarry on Timmin's Hill, where prisms not less than 30 ft. in length and of a few inches in width are exposed. — Murchison. 8 m. Oldhury (21,047 S.D. Inhab.). The population are employed in the extensive alkali -works of Messrs. Chance, the chemical works of De- muth and Co., the railway-carriage manufactory of Johnson and Co., steel-works of Messrs. Hunt, and other less important establishments. 10 m. Smethwick Junction Stat. (Inhab. 25,076). Two lines are worked between this junction and Birmingham ; one by Edgbaston to the New Street Station, the other by Hockley to Snow EilL"] 24f m. Brettel Lane Stat. 25J m. Brierly Hill Stat. In the town (11,546 Inhab.), 1 m. long, is the ch., erected 1765, from which extensive views are obtained. Coal, ironstone, and fire-brick clay abound. Glass, iron boilers, chains, spades, &c., are manufactured in large quan- tities. 2 m. S. Ladywood Saline Springs. The water has a near affinity in its properties to that at Cheltenham. Baths in a commodious inn are pro- vided for patients. 27J m. Round Oak Stat. On rt. are the extensive ironworks of the Earl of Dudley. 28J m. Netherton Stat. (Dudley S. side). In this town of 10,500 Inhab. iron cables and chains for collieries are manufactured, and proved by a very powerful test. A trap dyke, bearing N.E., runs from the canal sinking under Ne- therton Hill before it reaches the ch. ; a tunnel exposes this dyke for a width of 60 yds. It is composed of WoRC. Boute 27. — Dudley: Castle; Caverns. 211 amygdaloidal trap and greenstone, with veins and altered rocks on either side, containing chalcedony and sandstone, coarse and fine con- glomerate, with coal, shale, &c. 25 m. Dudley Stat. (^Inn : The Dudley Arms.) The town (87,407 P. B. Pop. and 1 M.P.) itself con- tains little worth notice; its in- habitants are more or less indebted for their prosperity to the mineral wealth, the coal, iron, and lime with which the surrounding district teems. The Castle stands on a picturesque eminence, thickly wooded, varied on its surface with glens and dingle, and traversed in all directions by shady walks kept in order at the expense of the Earl of Dudley. A Saxon' prince Dudo during the Heptarchy first built a castle here and gave the name to the town. The existing ruins, consisting of a portal leading to the great tower, the court and portions of a tall keep, are of E. Dec. style, affording excellent spe- cimens of castellated ornamented work, but parts of the outer walls are late Perp. The building owes its ruin to the siege it sustained against the Parliamentary forces in 1644, when it was bravely defended by the Koyalists under Col. Beaumont. Its demolition was completed by a fire in 1756. From the top of the keep- tower, still standing, the eye ranges over a most diversified and extensive landscape, limited only by the moun- tains of Wales and of Derbyshire. What a scene of human enterprise, ingenuity, and industry does the surrounding district present ! — tall smoking chimneys rising in every direction, white fumes arising from limekilns, black volumes issuing from coal-pit and iron foundry, with forking flames darting forth at inter- vals from furnaces and glass-houses. They are too numerous to count, the air is murky with the clouds they send forth, and there is scarce one of the chimneys on which a fortune is not invested. The stranger should repair hither at night, if he would appreciate thoroughly the grandeur and strangeness of this prospect. The Castle Hill is a mass of lime- stone rock pushed up like a dome from below the surrounding coal- field, and as it forms, as it were, an island of transition limestone in this very extensive district, it acquires great value and is extensively quar- ried. As a flux for the iron-ore it is equally indispensable with coal in the surrounding furnaces, and in the course of time the Castle Hill has literally been hollowed out to furnish the enormous quantity required to supply the district. The excavated chambers, halls, and galleries, which have been driven through the pro- ductive beds of stone, are of vast extent, and are supported at inter- vals by massive pillars of the rock left standing, while to facilitate ac- cess and the removal of the stone a subterranean canal, If m. long, has been driven into the hill, and serves for the passage of iron barges laden with stone, in one of which the stranger may penetrate into the bowels of the earth. The caverns are also accessible by passages from above, for which visit a guide is in- dispensable. The strata dip on all sides at an . acute angle towards the castle, so that the removal of one of the beds leaves the floor like the roof of a house, and an equally sloping roof overhead and parallel with it. The limestone of Dudley, equivalent to the Wenlock limestone of the Silu- rian system, is peculiarly interesting to the geologist on account of the fossils with which it abounds, chiefly the remains of corals which grew at the bottom of the sea. Several very interesting collec- tions have been formed of these by persons residing near the spot. The Museum in the New Street contains a very complete assortment p 2 212 Boute 27, — Dudley: Wren's Nest ; History. Sect. 11. of these fossils, including excellent specimens of trilobites and upper Silurian corals. In the centre of the market-place is a Fountain, erected at the cost of the Earl of Dudley, 1867, from a design of Forsyth. It is a square building, resembling a triumphal arch, but surmounted by a dome, the oruH mental enrichments of which consist of two figures representing Mining and Agriculture, which are placed in niches under the dome. There are 2 basins on the top, into which 2 river-horses discharge jets of water, and the whole is sur- mounted by 2 figures representing Industry and Commerce. Panels of coloured glass on the top, under the influence of the sun's rays, produce a pleasing effect on the water be- neath. Two large drinking-basins on either side are supplied by jets from the mouths of lions' heads. The basins are of granite, except those under the dome, which are in Sicilian marble; the other portions in Portland stone. The Gmst Hospital, opened in 1871, was erected by funds be- queathed by a philanthropic and wealthy inhabitant of that name. The Wren's Nest, IJ m. N. from Dudley, is a round hill shaped like a truncated dome, composed of beds of limestone wrapped round it like the folds of a mantle or the layers of an onion. The quarriers have removed the productive strata, leav- ing behind only the impure lime- stone, but the top is wanting ; where- as in the Castle Hill the dome shape is complete, thus rendering the ar- rangement of the rock mucji more intelligible to ordinary observers. The upper part of the Wren's Nest lias long since been gutted, and it is interesting to traverse its colossal corridors, like those of a Roman amphitheatre, passing under a sloping roof of rock, barely sup- ported by huge misshapen pieces of limestone, threatening to crush the intruder with its fragments. The quarriers are now attacking the hill at the base by means of a tunnel driven into the heart of it, communi- cating by shafts from above, so that a lower story of excavation is in course of formation. The active industry which prevails in and around Dudley is called into existence and maintained by the presence of the ten-yard coal, the thickest seam of coal in England. In this district in 1846 were 145 blast furnaces, which produced 468,000 tons of pig iron from 4,212,000 tons of raw material. The old Church has been replaced by a modern building, erected 1826, with a lofty tower, which from the elevated position on which it stands is seen from a great distance. The E. window contains a well-painted representation of the Ascension, and there is a good basso-relievo of the Confession of St. Thomas. The Priory was rebuilt in a very substantial manner by the Earl of Dudley in 1828, and is the residence of E. Fisher Smith, Esq. A Roman Catholic Chapel, St. Mary's, S.E. of the castle, contains a complete altar service, with orna- ments, a processional cross, a silver- gilt chalice, with enamelled foot of 13th century, and a set of vestments of all the 5 colours. History. William Pitz-Ansculph, a power- ful baron under William I., obtained this and numerous lordships from that monarch, and made Dudley his principal residence. In 15 Edw. III., his estates were divided among co- heiresses, when Dudley Castle and town were assigned to Margaret, wife of John de Sutton, whose de- scendant was an esteemed fellow- soldier of Henry V., and carried a standard at the funeral of that war- like king, and being a firm adherent WoRC. Route 27. — Tijpton — Bilston — Wolverhampton, 213 to the house of Lancaster, he was wounded in that cause at the battle of Blore Heath in 1459. Dudley was afterwards part of the posses- sion of John Duke of Northumber- land, and on his attainder was con- ferred by Queen Mary upon Edward Sutton, 4th Lord Dudley, whose only daughter Frances became Baroness Dudley in her own right, aud mar- ried Humble Ward, son of Wm. W., goldsmith and jeweller to Charles L, by whom he was created Baron Ward of Birmingham in 1644, and dying 1670 was buried at Himley, where he resided. Their son Lord Dudley and Ward was father of the 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward, grandfather of the first Earl of Dudley. For miles round Dudley the trade of nail-making, a hard employment as regards remuneration, occupies the inhabitants male and female. 28| m. Dudley Port. Stat. The rly. now enters Staffordshire, and is carried through a district bristling with chimneys and furnaces. 29i m. Tipton Stat., Pop. 30,013 S. D. Noted for its manufacture of heavy goods in iron for home and foreign markets, more especially of chains, cables, and anchors. " Some splendid examples of fossil plants from the sandstone near Tipton may be seen in the vestibules of the Bri- tish Museum and in the cabinets of the Geological Society. The forms, as marked by black carbonaceous matter, are beautifully contrasted with the light-coloured sandstone in which thev are embedded.*' 30 m. Prince's End Stat. " Pass- ing onwards by rail to Wolverhamp- ton, I felt that I was truly in the busy heart of the manufacturing dis- tricts of England. I could have fancied myself transported to the forges of Vulcan and the Cyclops in Lemnos : for the sight was so mar- vellous, and the scale of the under- taking so colossal, that to an un- initiated eye it appeared something superhuman. As far as the eye reaches you see manufactories, with chimneys rising like lofty towers, pouring forth red flames that shine the more brightly from the sky being darkened by the eternal exhalations of smoke. The earth is here blackened by the eternal exhalations of the coals. Sometimes you hear the hollow noise of machines, here and there iron railways cross the road, on which little carts convey the goods easily and rapidly from one machine to another. The black and sooty men who attend them fur- nish the landscape with suitable figures. I had a grand view of the power which above all others moves and rules the present age — namely, that of machinery, which is directed to the boundless production of the useful in the ordinary sense of the word, and threatens to swallow up all other interests." — Waagen, 31 f m. Daisey Bank Stat. 32| m. Bilston Stat. This town (22,730 S. D. Inhab.) gained in 1832 a painful notoriety from the dreadful ravages of the cholera, which were more disastrous than in any other part of the kingdom. Coffins were imported daily from Birmingham, and when the disease abated many were found without parents, and others ignorant of their names or relatives. Two clergymen of the Church of England were assiduous in their work all through the misery. Cutlery grindstones are prepared here. An extensive trade exists in the manufacture of fancy iron goods and japanned ware, trays, bags, gun- locks &c. 33i m. Priestfield Stat. 32 f m. Wolverhampton Low Level Stat. (Swan Hotel.) Inhab. 164,330 P. B. The large cruciform Collegiate Church, erected at different periods, 214 Boute 28. — Worcester to Birmingham. Sect. II. contains excellent portions of Ear. Eng., Dec, and Perp. work. The tower (120 ft.) "exhibits late Perp. in its upper part — a very fine com- position." Both the Font in N. transept and the pnlpit are remark- able. The latter occupies its pri- mitive position, the body of it form- ing one block with the pillar by which it stands. The W. window, in memory of the late Duke of Wellington, was executed by Wailes. The subjects are Moses, Joshua, Gideon, and David. In the N. transept, remarkable for the shape of the windows, built about 1400, is the monument of Col. Lane, who aided the escape of Charles II. after the battle of Worcester. The S. transept contains a fine statue by H. Le Sueur, of Adml. Sir Kichard Leveson, who served against the Spaniards, temp. Elizabeth. The figure is of bronze, and was formerly gilt. A picture of our Lord's Agony, by Lanfranco, in this transept, was, once, the altarpiece. (See Handbook for Staffordshire). BOUTE 28. WORCESTER TO BIRMINGHAM, BY STOKE PRIOR, BROMSGROVE, AND KING'S NORTON. Trains are conveyed from the Shrubhill Stat, along the loop-line of the West Midland (see Kte. 27) to Droitwich, and thence to 4 m. Stoke Works Stat. Kock- ,salt, in large quantities, was dis- covered by Messrs. Fardon and Co. in 1828, under curious circum- stances. The ordinary wells in this place contain no salt, nor do brine-springs flow on the surface as at Droitwich : but in order to obtain salt near to the Worcester and Bir- mingham Canal, a brine-smeller, from Cheshire, examined the locality, and from various subsidences and chasms in the marl, selected this as a spot where productive mines might be sunk. His opinion proved correct; and solid rock-salt was found, for the first time in this county, in the marls which constitute the upper portion of the new red sandstone. The salt occurs in beds of great thickness, and the proprietors exca- vated the solid material ; but, having effected a communication between the brine-spring and the mine, they now pump up a supply, in a fluid state, from a depth of IfiO ft. lower than at Droitwich. The native brine at Stoke is beautifully transparent, possessing a specific gravity of 1207, and being fully saturated. Those of Cheshire ranged from 1150 to 1200. In procuring from brine the fine salt . used for domestic purposes, the tem- perature required for boiling the solution is 229^ Fahr. Salt used for curing provisions and such pur- poses is made by evaporation at a lower temperature, and bay salt is produced by the slowest process. The pans employed are made of rivetted wrought-iron plates, and vary in dimensions: those for fine salt are 20 ft. by 20 ft. and 1 foot deep, yielding 20 tons per week, which are heated at Droitwich directly by fire, at Stoke by steam. The workpeople, principally women, earn from 12s. to 15s. per week in this labour. This very interesting establishment contains also chemical works for the decomposition of salt and the preparation of British alkali, crystallized soda, soap, and chloride of lime, affording employment to 240 persons. WoRC. Boute 28. — Stohe Prior — Feckenham, 215 Salt was an object of taxation at a very early period. Ancus Martins, 640 years before our era, Salinarum vectigal instituiV It was a tribute imposed upon the Britons by the Komans, who worked the Droit wich mines and made salt a part of the salarium or salary of the soldiers. This salarium is said to be the origin of the term " salt " as applied to the collections at Eton Montem. Before the use of coal, the evaporation of the brine was effected by the burning of wood, and the forest of Fecken- ham was gradually diminished by the demands for the salt-pits. The " Stoke Prior Salt Worlcs," the property of John Corbett, Esq., M.P., are considered by many the model salt works of Europe, and have cost half a million sterling. The furnaces used for evaporating the brine con- sume from 1000 to 2000 tons of coal per week, according to the demand for salt. There is storage room for about 80,000 tons of salt. Stoke Prior Churchy restored, is an interesting structure to the an- tiquary and ecclesiologist, as it ex- hibits examples of every style of English arch itecture from Ear. N orm. to late Perp. The N. arcade and aisle, the S. doorway, and part of S. wall of nave, are Norm. The tran- sitional period may be noticed in the arches opening into the tower, which are open and an excellent specimen of Ear. Eng., and in the beautifully moulded piers and arches on S. side of nave, the curious vaulted vestry, and part of the chancel. The E. window and three others are Dec, whilst the N. aisle and font are Perp. A small excrescence of the tower is known as St. Mary's Chapel, and it is supposed that the tower once was the chapel, and that the projection was the Sanctuary. The upper part of the E. window is filled with fragments of old glass removed from different parts of the ch., and some new glass in the quatrefoils. The five lights below are filled with full-length figures of Christ and the four Evangelists, from a design of Mr. S. Evans. They were executed by Messrs. Chance, at tlie cost of a fund raised to commemorate the abolition of female labour in the salt-pits by J. Corbett, Esq., the owner and worker. There are 2 mural brasses, one near the chancel arch of H. Smith, draper of London, a native of this parish (d. 1606), the other in St. Catherine's Chapel of Eobert Smith, draper of London, twice Governor ot the Merchant Adventurers' Company at Antwerp, set. 75, with his 2 wives (d. 1609), viz. — Tomasin Dencote (with 1 1 sons and 6 daughters) and Susan, dau. of Sir Richard Pipe, Lord Mayor of London. Bighy Hall (Robert Smallwood, Esq.). 7J m. Feckenham (Inhab. 6145). The manufacture has been carried on in this village of needles, pins, and fish-hooks, for a considerable period, and gives employment to many hundreds of skilled work- people. It was the birthplace of John de Feckenham, last Abbot of Westminster, Dean of St. Paul's, and a zealous opponent of Cranmer and the Reformation. He was kind to the persecuted Protestants under Mary, and, refusing to take the oath of Supremacy under Elizabeth, died a prisoner in Wisbeach Castle in 1585. This village originally stood in a very extensive forest, whose boundaries reached from the Arrow river to the Severn at Worcester. Feckenham was the spot at which the King's Justices in Eyre who acted south of the Trent held their courts for the trial of offences against the forest laws, which were adminis- tered with pitiless severity. There was a prison for delinquents, which stood near the church. It had a deep ditch round it, and on the N 216 Boute 28. — Dunstall Court — Bromsgrove, Sect. II. side was the dungeon. The forest was destroyed to a great extent in feeding the fires at the salt works at Droitwitch, and finally cleared temp. Charles I., on account of its afford- ing protection to fugitives from justice, and other evil-doers. Dunstall Court (Alfred Gutch, Esq.). On the summit of a steep escarp- ment, the sides of which are clothed with woods, is the large parish ch., the chancel of which, restored in 1865, is paved with encaustic tiles. A fine altar-tomb, with the life- size effigies in alabaster of Sir M. Culpeper (d. 1604), erected by his widow, whose figure, also in alabas- ter, veiled, is by his side, has been buried under the chancel during the late restoration of the ch. An en- graving of it is given by Nash. It is interesting as preserving the cos- tume of its period. Sir Thomas Cookes, founder of Worcester Col- lege, endowed Feckenham School with a rent of 50L per ann., and ordered this to be the second school from whence scholars of his College should be selected. There are several old moated houses in this parish retaining proofs of former importance, viz., Norgrove, the seat of the Cookes; Shurnock Court, of the Bearcrofts; and ^s^- wood Court, of the Culpepers. Upton Snodshury Ch. shows very peculiar 3 light E. E. windows on the east side of the chancel. The decorated E. window is noticed by Freeman. The massive tower is of the Perpendicular period. A little tun or barrel, rebus for the name of Lyttelton, appears carved on a pillar of the aisle, together with the Wor- cester Mercers' badge, an ancient carding tool. 6 m. Bromsgrove Stat. Vehicles meet every train. The town IJ m. on 1. (15,210 S. D. Inhab.; Inn, Golden Cross), consists of one princi- pal street, containing many curious old houses, with ornamented gables, &c., often with dates affixed (one is dated 1571). In Leland's time it "stood something by clothinge," a manufacture superseded by those of needles, nails, fish-hooks, buttons, and very coarse linens. It sent members to parliament in 23 Edward I., but has not since exercised that privilege. The Church, restored by the late Sir G. G. Scott, B.A., at an outlay of 6000Z., a fine building, standing on an elevation ascended by 62 steps, contains some Norman and Ear. Eng. arches : a part of the chancel is Dec, but most of the ex- terior is Perp. : the ceiling is of panelled oak with carved bosses, and the alabaster reredos merits examination. Its handsome tower and spire, 198 ft. in height, form a conspicuous object in the vale, and cannot perhaps be surpassed for elegance by any other in the county. The monuments include an alabaster tomb of elaborate workmanship, with a recumbent figure, for Lady Talbot (d. 1490); Sergeant Lyttelton (d. 1600), in his robes, with a roll in one hand ; John Hall, Bishop of Bristol (d. 1710), son of a vicar of Broms- grove; Sir John Talbot of Grafton and his 2 wives ; an effigy in com- plete armour of Sir H. Stafford, slain in 1450, fighting against Cade and his followers. There are two brasses, Bridget Talbot, 1612 ; Margaret Ly- gon, 1632. A window at W. end is filled with stained glass by M. Ca- pronnier of Brussels, in memory of Mrs. More-Molyneux ; it is a beauti- ful work of art. The subject is the Ten Virgins ; the figures life-size. A Grammar School, founded here by Edward VI., with an additional endowment by Sir Thomas Cookes, enjoys a high reputation, and has scholarships at Worcester College, Oxford. The windows of its chapel have been filled with modern painted glass. All Saints Church, in the Early WORC. Boute 28. — Tardehigge — Bordesley Hall, 217 English style, was erected in 1872- 74, at a cost of 56001. The Least Lampern, a curious fish the size of a goose- quill, is found in the rivulets of this vicinity. Dr. Plot calls it " the Pride of the Isis" ,2 m. S.W. Grafton Manor House (Major Kobert Bourne). This was a residence of the Talbots during a long series of years until the princely seat at Alton Towers was erected. The estate belongs to the Earl of Shrewsbury. 3 m. E. Tardehigge (Inhab. 11,301 S. D.), is about the same distance from Redditch Stat., and 2 m. from that at Black well. The boundary- line of Worcester and Warwickshire is in this parish. Near the church is Hewell Grange, once a seat of the Earls of Plymouth, now of the Lord Windsor. The house, a very ex- tensive building, having one front 127 ft. in length, and another of 100 ft., built in 1712, stands in the midst of a pleasant park which in- cludes a lake of 30 acres. The Em- press Maud gave the estate to her Abbey of Bordesley, and at the Dissolution it was granted to Lord Windsor. There are paintings by Rubens and Snyders, in addition to family portraits. The Church, re- seated and the galleries at the side removed, rebuilt in place of a dila- pidated edifice in 1777 in the Italian style, on an elevated site, has a tower at its W. end surmounted by an elegant spire. On the E. wall of the chancel is a monument by Chantrey to the 6th and last Earl of Plymouth (d. 1843); and a handsome marble one to Sir T. Cookes, the founder of Worcester College d. 1702-3): 5 Earls of Plymouth and their ances- tors, owners of Bentley, were buried here, and also many ladies of this family. At Wehheath is a ch., erected and endowed by the late Baroness Windsor, on a site given by Richard Hemming, Esq., of Bentley Manor. The style is Early Middle-pointed. The church was designed by Mr. Preedy. Bordesley Hall (Mrs. Tabberer), the site of the famous Cistercian Ab- bey founded by the Empress Maud, A.D. 1138. Of this extensive founda- tion, which possessed an income of 400Z. per annum, the buildings of which covered 8 acres, the only re- mains are some misshapen mounds and parts of the foundations, a few glazed tiles, stone coffins, and bases of pillars. The site was granted to Andrew, Lord Windsor, in forced exchange for his paternal mansion at Stanwell. The ancestors of Lord Windsor had occupied Stanwell Manor as their chief residence from the reign of Henry 11. to that of Henry VIII., when Thomas Lord Windsor was deprived of it in the following man- ner. The King, having been advised that the most certain way of prevent- ing the dissolved monasteries from returning to their former uses was to dispose of their estates to his nobility by advantageous exchanges, sent word to Lord Windsor, who had been created a peer in 1529, of his inten- tion to dine at Stanwell on a certain day, and came accordingly, when he met with a magnificent entertain- ment. The King then informed his host that he liked the place so well that he resolved to have it, yet not without a more beneficial exchange. Lord Windsor hoped the King was not in earnest, Stanwell having been the seat of his ancestors for so many I ages, and humbly begged he would not take the place from him. The King's reply was, ^'it must 6e." The attorney-general produced a draught for the exchange of Stan- well with its appurtenances for Bor- desley Abbey, with its lands, &c. When this had been carried out, the King made Lord Windsor Keeper of his great Wardrobe. William, se- cond Lord Windsor, was among the 218 Boute 28. — Blackwell — Barnt Green. Sect. II. first to proclaim the Lady Mary as Queen. He distinguished himself in the battle of St. Quentin, and in other encounters against the French. He died in 1558. Edward, third Lord Windsor, was with his father in the battles against the French, and " was likewise well read in history and antiquities." He died in 1575. Frederick, 4th Lord Wind- sor, was " conspicuous among the gal- lants of the age in joustings, barriers, and tourney," and high in favour of the queen. Henry, the 5th Lord, succeeded to the title in 1585, died in 1605, and was buried in the old ch. of Tardebigge, where a monument, with his effigy at full length, was erected to his memory. Thomas, the 6th Lord, was admiral of the fleet which conveyed Prince Charles from Spain, and dying with- out issue, left his estates to his nephew, the son of his eldest sister — Thomas Windsor Hickman — who brought a troop of horse, to the royal army at the fatal battle of Naseby. At the Eestoration the King, in consideration of his services, suflfer- ings, losses, and imprisonments, re- stored to him the ancient barony of Windsor with its former precedence. He was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Worcestershire and Governor of Jamaica, in which latter office he obtained a brilliant victory over the Spaniards, gaining possession of seven ships. Returning to England in 1682, owing to ill health, he was advanced in the peerage to the dignity of Earl of Plymouth. He died in 1686, and was buried at Tardebigge. He was succeeded as 2nd earl by his grandson, who was deprived of all his official positions on the accession of George I., and died in 1727. The 3rd earl died young in 1732. The 4th earl was Lord-Lieutenant of Glamorganshire, in which county he possessed a con- siderable estate. He was buried at Tardebigge in 1771. This title be- came extinct on the decease of the 7th earl in 1843, when the barony of Windsor fell into abeyance between his sisters, and was determined in 1855 in favour of Lady Harriet Olive, whose grandson is the present Lord Windsor. 8 m. Blackwell Stat. The railway is here carried over the shoulder of the Lickey Hill, by an incline 2 m. in length, with a gradient of 1 in 37, the steepest ascent of this length on any line traversed by locomotives ; the summit at this stat. is 400 ft. above the level at Cheltenham. The " Lickey Hills consist in great part of new red sandstone ; their summits and sides being covered with a vast quantity of the pebbles of the dis- integrated conglomerate of that for- mation, but their northern end, called the Lickey Beacon^ is a trap rock, being in fact a prolongation of the Clent and Abberley hills. A lower ridge of quartz is composed of the older rock extending for a dis- tance of 3 m., having all the appear- ances of a mountain chain, being covered with heath ; while the higher Lickey, which attains an ele- vation of 1000 ft. above the Severn, is verdant to the summit, a distinc- tion which is well explained by the difference in their lithological struc- ture." — Murchison. From being a wild tract it has been almost entirely reclaimed, and now waves with luxu- riant corn. On its most elevated part is a stone column to the memory of the sixth Earl of Plymouth. 10 m. Barnt Green Stat. N.E. is Co/ton Hall^ an interesting timber mansion of the 16th century. Near this is Barnt Green House, a pic- turesque, half-timbered structure, whose numerous gables are seen to advantage from the rly. which is carried at this place on a high em- bankment, after which the Groveley Tunnel, 400 yds. long, is traversed. On rt. are seen a series of reservoirs for the supply of the Worcester and Birmingham Canal. WORC. Boute 28. — Cofton HacJcett — FranJcley. 219 [A branch rly. connects this stat. ■with Bedditch, Alcester^ and Eves- ham. (See Ete. 26.) Cofton HacJcett — Groveley Hall. This estate belonged to Westbury College, and at its suppression was granted to Sir Ralph Sadler, from whom it passed to the Lytteltons of Pillaton. The E. E. Church, a small building standing near the rly., has some Perp. windows and a double bell-gable. On the N. side of the chancel is an incised alabaster slab representing Wm. Leycester, Esq. (d. 1508), and his 2 wives; above the figures, which are life-size, are shields bearing arms of various family connections, and below are figures of two children, with an inscription round the edge of the slab. There is a good modern Brass to John Merry, Esq., and a window filled with painted glass, a memorial of Mrs. Merry. Hawhsley Hall, at the foot of the Lickey Hills, surrounded by a deep moat. The old mansion was forti- fied and garrisoned for the Parlia- ment ; but in 1645 the soldiers refused to defend it when they saw it attacked by the King in person, and it was demolished. Northfield Stat. (Inh. 4612). The N. door of the ch. is Norm., and various parts are of different dates. The chancel is E. Eng., and a beau- tiful composition, enriched with shafts and arches within and plain without. Part of the tower is earlier than the chancel, and the whole church deserves attentive examina- tion. — Bickman. There are 8 memo- rial windows filled with modern stained glass, one by widow and children of J. Johnstone, M.D. (d. 1836) ; Capt. Greene (d. 1848). The subject of the E. window of the aisle is the Epiphany, in memory of Gen. Sir Wm. Clarke, Bt. Near the rly. is the Wythell reservoir^ an ex- tensive sheet of water. Weoly Castle (W. C. B. Cave, Esq.) on the ruins of an ancient fortress of the Jervoise family of which little remains but a deep moat. The Worcester and Birmingham Canal passes through Waste Hill by a tunnel 16 ft. by 18 ft., with a line so exactly straight that it may be seen through for a length of 2 miles. 3J m. Selly Oah. At the Rolling Works of Mr. Elliott, copper and platinum are flattened by machinery into large plates, and a very large number of persons have employ- ment. 1| m. on 1. is FranMey, which gives the title of Baron to the Lyt- teltons. The old chapel has been much modernized, but is con- sidered to be of the reign of John. The manor was obtained by Thomas de Luttleton, 9 Hen. IV., and from that time his posterity have possessed it. Sir Thomas Lyttelton, M.P. for Worcestershire, an active Royalist, was in 1645 taken prisoner at Bewd- ley and heavily fined. The Hally the birthplace of the great lawyer, was garrisoned by Prince Rupert, 1642 ; and, when he could no longer keep it, he ordered it to be burnt to prevent its being occupied by the advancing army of the Parliament : it has not been restored, its owners having made Over Areley and Hagley their places of residence since that period. The Judge was buried in the chapel, in the E. window of which was his picture, from which the painting by C. Janssen, in the Inner Temple Hall, was taken. The views from the Frankley Beeches, a cluster on a lofty range, are extensive, and in- clude an unusual variety of scenery. 3J m. Wythall or Withall A ch., erected of brick in 1862, has a fine E. window filled with stained glass, — a memorial of the Mynors family. Weatheroak Hall (R. My- nors, Esq.). Black Grove House (now a farm) is an old moated mansion. 220 Boute 28. — King's Norton — Yardley, Sect. II. 14J m. King's Norton Station, i (Inn: Saracen's Head, a quaint timbered hostelry. Inhab., 34,683, S.D.). Paper and rolling mills, india- rubber works, gun-barrel and bayonet manufactories flourish here. King's Norton Churchy which has no clerestory windows, is principally plain Dec. with Perp. insertions ; N. and S. doors are Dec, and S. porch Perp. The tower, which is Perp., is a very good composition, and the remarkably fine spire is crocketed, and has canopied win- dows. It experienced a thorough re- storation in 1871 at a cost of nearly 3000Z., when the handsome parapet which had formerly surmounted the walls was replaced. There is a good font and lectern. An altar-tomb, with cumbent figures in white marble, is for Sir R. Grevis of Moseley (d. 1632) and his wife ; another, with a knight in armour and his lady, is for Humphrey and Martha Littelton of Groveiey. The school-house, a half-timbered building of 16th-centy. date, stands on N. side of ch.-yd. It has a library of 700 volumes, chiefly of controversial divinity, given to it in the reign of Ohas. II. by Thomas Hall, a puritan divine. 17 m. Moseley Stat., near which is Moseley Rail (W. H. I)awes, Esq.), a stone mansion, which replaced a pre- vious residence destroyed by rioters ; and a short distance beyond, after crossing the canal, a view is obtained of the enormous town of Birming- ham, with its numerous spires, tower?, and chimneys rising above the haze and smoke. The parish church has been enlarged and improved, and a church dedicated to St. Anne has been built here at the sole expense of Miss Anderton, Mr. Preedy being architect. There is some good stained glass in the east window. At Kingsheath a church in Ear. Dec. style, erected 1860, has a good square tower with pinnacles, and a lofty spire. 5 m. Yardley, a parish almost locally (from which it is separated by the river Cole) in Warwickshire and a suburb of Birmingham. The London and N. W. Kly. has a station at Stechford, on its E. side ; and the Great Western at Acock's Green, on its west. This manor was sold in 1768 by the heirs of Sir Eichard Grevis to Mr. John Taylor, who "from almost nothing acquired a fortune of 200,000?. The button, enamel, and toy trades took their rise from his extensive genius, and owe their perfection to his perse- verance and industry ; to him like- wise are owing the Japan manufac- ture and paper snuff-boxes, by the painting of which at one farthing each a workman earned SI. 10s. a week." — Nash. The Church has a fine tower and spire of Perp. character, but not so rich as that of King's Norton. There is much Dec. work, and some Ear. Eng. about the chancel. Some windows remarkably exhibit the difference between superior and country work ; they are of the same size and design, but in one the mouldings are delicate and very carefully executed, in the other they are much less elaborate and roughly executed. There is a good Perp. N. door, and a very curious wooden S. porch, which is most likely of Dec. date, from the chaiacter of the work, particularly of the roof fram- ing. — Rick man. There are large monuments with long epitaphs for the Greswolds, Dods, and other families. There is a fine brass for Isabella Wheeler (1598) and her two husbands. The line approaches Birmingham upon a viaduct across a low and unhealthy suburb, and, uniting with the London and Nortli-Western, enters their common station in New Street. Birmingliain. (See Handbook for Warwickshire.) WORC. Boute 29. — Eveshara to Birmingham, 221 EOUTE 29. EVESHAM TO BIRMINGHAM, BY ALCESTER AND REDDITCH. This short line of the Midland Company from Evesham to Barnt Green, passes through the valleys of the Avon and the Arrow; and is continued from Evesham to Ash- church and Malvern. 3 m. Norton Church, restored and partially rebuilt in 1844. Around the chancel are ranged elaborate marble and alabaster monuments of the Bigg family, with recumbent effigies, the men in armour and the ladies in the court costume of the age — Thomas B., Esq. and wife, 1581 ; Sir Thomas B. and Lady, 1613 ; Sir T. B. Bart. 1621 ; also monuments of the Cravens of simpler character, but with helmets, swords, and spurs suspended over them. In 1871 a large four-light window of 3rd pointed date was removed from Bengeworth Church and inserted in the north nave wall, causing the re- moval of a 15th century doorway, having a six-foiled semi-hexagonal head. This now stands at the entrance of the church-yd., encased within the arch, and part of the jambs of another window from Benge- worth, the whole terminating in a small gable and cross presenting a curious medley well calculated to puzzle future archaeologists. Wood Norton (the property of the Due d Aumale). 4 m. Harvington Stat. The tower of the Church is of Norm, period, built of rag, with very thick walls, sur- mounted by a modem shingle spire. The chancel has Ear. Eng. masonry, with Perp. insertions, and the fine E, window is filled with good stained glass ; a roodscreen of elaborate carv- ing is in good preservation, and open oak seats in the nave bear the date of 1582, with Scriptural sentences carved on the backs and sides. 6 m. The interesting Norm. Church of Rouse Lench, with Early Eng. additions. The doorways are good examples of enriched Norm., and over the S. door is a niche containing a figure of the Saviour in the act of benediction. There is an aumbry, octagonal font, and ancient com- munion table. There are many marble monuments to the Rouse family. That for Lady Frances R. (d. 1715) is a female statue in a sitting posture, holding in her right hand a heart, and by her an urn with 2 doves billing. On a raised tomb are figures for Edward and Mary Rouse, temp. Eliz., in the attitude of prayer, he dressed in a gown and the lady in a rufi"; Sir Edw. R. d. 1677, Lady R. 1692. Bouse Lench Court (Rev. W. K. W. Chafy-Chafy). On leaving this parish the rly. enters the county of Warwick, passing by Salford Priors Stat., an old Nunnery, now a farm-house. 2 m. Cleeve Prior. There was a Roman military station in this parish. Gold and silver coins of the empire, armour and military weapons, have been found here. Wixford Stat. Wixford Church has been restored under the direction of Mr. W. J. Hopkins, the Diocesan architect. Bagley Park (the Marq. of Hert- ford). A stately mansion with a lofty Ionic portico, designed by Ripley, restored 1871-2. It stands in a fine deer-park, enclosed by hills, with noble woods. " Ragley is superb — that is, the situation and dimensions of the house." — Lord Orford. 222 Route 29. — Alcester—BedditcJi, Sect. II. 10 m. Alcester Stat. Gives the title conferred on Sir Beauchamp Seymour for his services in Egypt in 1882. Inhab. 5290, S.D. (Inn: Swan). There is an old statue of white sandstone placed in a wall near the Rectory, probably a relic of the old Roman city. The site of an old Roman town, where coffins, urns, and coins of Roman period have been frequently discovered. In a recess at E. end of S. aisle of the Church, restored and enlarged 1871, is a handsome cenotaph by Chantrey, to the 3rd Marq. of Hert- ford, K.G., and an altar-tomb with recumbent effigies of Sir Fulke and Lady Greville (d. 1562). There is a modern memorial font, having Scriptural subjects carved in panels on its four sides. An omnibus runs twice on weekdays from Alcester, to and from Redditch Stat. (See Handbook for Warwickshire.) In Arrow Church the Conways are buried; among them Marshal C, Secretary of State, 1780, without a monument. The Ch. contains a monument to Sir Geo. Seymour, Admiral of the Fleet, by his son-in- law Count Gleichen, 1873. 5 m. W. Inkherrow (Inhab. 1704). The large Church, chiefly of Perp. date, consists of chancel, nave, N. aisle, a mortuary chapel and tower at W. end. Its walls are embattled, and there is a series of grotesque gurgoyles. The sedilia are con- structed for three orders of clergy. The seat of the bishop is surmounted by a cinquefoil arch ; that of the priest by a trefoil arch ; and the dea- con's by a simple pointed one. In the chapel is a large altar-tomb, having under an elaborately orna- mented canopy, supported by black marble pillars, the recumbent figure of a man in armour, with sword, . boots, and spurs, representing John Savage, Esq., of Egioche, Sheriif j of the County (d. 1631). There are tablets for the families of Gower and Sheldon. 2 m. N.E. Morton Hall (W. H. Sneyd Kynnersley, Esq., J.P.). 2 m. S. Kinwarton House (Capt. F. Gerard). 12 J m. Studley and Astwood Bank Stat. Studley Park (T. E. Walker, Esq.). 13^ m. Coughton Stat. Coughton Court (Sir Wm. Throckmorton, Bt.). 14 m. Headless Cross (Inn: White Hart). This spot is much frequented for its scenery and extensive views. The village, situate In 3 parishes, has a lofty Church, erected 1843, consisting of nave and chancel, having an apse at E. end, with 3 round-headed windows, filled with stained glass. Its vaulted roof is painted blue, with gold stars and signs of the Zodiac beneath. The stone altar-table is gorgeously adorned, the centre displays the Lamb, with sacred emblems on either side, in Venetian marble, by Salviati. The reredos shows a painting of the Entombment of Christ, and on the wall of the apse, above it, are life-size figures of St. Augustine, St. Peter, St. Paul, and St. Chrysostom, painted on zinc. The population are chiefly employed in needle-making. 3 m. The ch. of Ipsley consists of a nave and chancel without aisles. It has a square tower, and in the chancel are memorials for the family of Huband ; lords of the manor during a long period, but whose name is now extinct. 17 m. Bedditch Steit (Inn: Uni- corn), a clean and thriving town, a principal seat of the needle trade in all its varieties, which gives employ- ment to the Inhab. (9964), who also manufacture fish-hooks, from the largest sea-hook to those of the most diminutive size, pins, bodkins, hooks and eyes, &c. The neat ch., paro- chial schools, and other public build- ings, were partly erected by the noble WoRC. Boute 30. — Worcester to the Malverns, 223 owners of He well Grange in 1852-54, from designs by Woody er, in the middle Pointed style. They are composed of local sandstone, with facings of Bath stone. The church is in length 165 ft., in width 9H ft., and the top of its spire is 148 ft. from the ground. The E. window, filled with stained glass by Hardman, was erected, by subscription, as a me- morial to the Hon. K. H. Clive, the founder of the ch. There is another window of good painted glass in S. aisle, representing the Good Sama- ritan, in memory of Wm. Bartlett, Esq., and his wife. 4 m. E. Bentley Paunceford Manor (R. Hemming, Esq.) was the resi- dence of Sir Thomas Cookes, Bt. 23 m. Alvechurch (pronounced All- church) Stat. (Pop. 1650). The Bp. of Worcester had once a palace here, and obtained a market for the village. With the exception of the Perp. tower, part of the N. aisle, and a Norm, doorway, the Church was rebuilt 1861, when portions of the Norm, masonry were incorporated with the new work. A fine Gothic arch divides the nave from the chancel, which is lighted by lancet windows of the character of 12th-centy. work. An alabaster reredos rises to 3 ft. ; the moulding is good, and around it runs a tile border in the wall. The dais is laid with encaustic tiles inter- sected with stone. The roofing over the Sanctuary is painted blue with coloured ribs, and that of the nave and aisles is of open woodwork springing from corbels. There are several memorial windows, and a richly-sculptured font of Caen stone supported on 8 marble columns, inscribed to the memory of Elizabeth Sandford. The old monuments and brasses are in excellent preservation. The learned Nonjuror Dean Hickes was Rector of this parish, when he resigned his preferments in 1690. In N. aisle are the effigies of Sir J. de Blanchfront, 1346, in the armour of that period ; at E. end a brass for Philip Chattwyn Gentleman- Usher to Henry VIII. (1528). In the ch.- yard is a large erection 30 ft. high, inscribed on W. side, " A token of respect to Baroness Windsor, 1861 on N., " In memory of Hon. R. W. Clive, M.P. on S., " In memory of Hon. Wm. Clive.*' 26 m. Barnt Green Stat. See Route 28. ROUTE 30. WORCESTER TO THE MALVERNS. This rly. is carried from the Shrub- hill Stat., Worcester (Rte. 26), by a viaduct, f m., to The Foregate Street Station, from which a view is obtained of the city ; and passing the Severn on an iron bridge of two arches, reaches IJ m. Henivich fetation. On left is the suburb of St. John's. The Church, Ear. Eng. and Perp. has a low tower ; it is open daily. A fine altar-tomb, with the effigies of John Porter, — a wealthy and pious lawyer in the reign of Henry VIII. — has been wantonly injured. Boughton House (J. W. Isaac, Esq., D.L.). Pitmaston House (H. Willis, Esq., J.P.). 2 m. W. Kent's Green (J. E. Wil- son, Esq.). Wick House (J. W. Willis-Bund, Esq., J.P., D.L.), contains a valuable collection of paintings, including works of Rubens, Lely, Correggio, 224 Boute 30. — Powick — Newland. Sect. II. Beynolds, and Morland. In the gardens is a mulberry-tree in perfect vigour, though 350 years old ; and a hawthorn of great bulk, noticed in old deeds as of 500 years' growth. 3 m. S. Powich, long the seat of a powerful branch of the noble family of Beauchamp. John Beauchamp, Lord Treasurer and K.G., was created Baron Beauchamp of Pow- kye, 1447. In this dignity he was succeeded by his son, Kichard, whose daughter and co-heir, Anne Beau- champ, married William Lygon, whose grandfather had acquired the estate of Madresfield by his mar- riage with the daughter and heiress of Sir Robert de Bracey. This parish was the scene of two bloody conflicts in the Civil Wars : one a skirmish in 1642, when a thousand men under Essex were repulsed by a detachment of the Royal forces ; and the other in 1651, when the battle of " Powyck Bridge," so fatal to the cause of Charles II., was fought be- tween Fleetwood and the troops de- spatched from Worcester by the King to prevent the passage of the Teme at this place. The Teme is now crossed by an iron bridge, erected in 1858 ; but the curious old one yet remains. From extensive gravel-beds in the fields below the ch., teeth of the rhinoceros and of the extinct elephant have been obtained. Wheat- fields (Mrs. Ellis- Wall), St. Cloud (G. E. Martin, Esq.), Kings End (J, Mundy-Dowdeswell). The cruciform Churchy standing on a hill, commands an extensive pro- spect over the rich flat vale beneath. It shows a combination of styles from Norm, to Perp. It has been restored in most commendable taste. In the chancel is a sculptured figure of Mrs. Russel (d. 178^), and good memorial windows by Rogers. Monuments to Sir Wm. Cookes (1672), D. Tyas (1678), and many of modern date. In the churchyard is a tomb to Sir E. Denny of Tralee and his family. The school-house, erected 1870, on land given by the Earl Beauchamp' is a spacious structure, afl'ording room for 170 children, having a porch at each end and an open roof of var- nished timber. IJ m. S. is the County Lunatic Asylum, a handsome brick building standing on an eminence. A road on 1. passes on 1. Stanhrook Hall, a Benedictine convent, with about 30 inmates, who were brought in 1844 from Salford in Warwick- shire, opposite to which is Beau- champs Court, the residence of the first Lord B. of Powick, who died 1475, and now the property of Earl Beauchamp, his descendant in the female line. 6 m. Newland. The almshouses, a range of handsome brick build- ings, were erected by the trustees of John Earl Beauchamp, who left 60,0002. to provide for old men and women who have been engaged in agriculture either as employers or employed. There are 20 pensioners, a clerk, organist, and 8 chorister boys, who are clothed and fed. There is a residence for a schoolmaster and for matron, and also a dispensary in- firmary. The whole establishment is under a warden, who is incumbent of the parish. The chancel of the curious old wooden church, which was taken down after the consecra- tion of the present edifice, has been rebuilt for a Lick-house for the in- mates of the almshouse and of the parish. A fine Church, erected by the same trustees, in the Ear. Dec. style, is beautifully fitted up, and a liberal endowment added. It is en- riched with a series of mural decora- tions executed in " spirit fresco " by Clayton and Bell. 6 m. S.W. Madresfield Court (The Earl Beauchamp), the seat of the Bracys until 1321, when Joan, their heiress, espoused Thos. Lygon, whose descendant married the heiress of Lord Beauchamp of Powyck. The original portions of this interesting WORC. Boute 30. — The BJiydd — Leigh Court 225 moated Elizabethan house, have been successfully blended with its new- parts by the present Earl, who has made extensive additions to it. The approach on one side is by an avenue of stately elms. Stone win- dows of a suitable character have been inserted in the front. The long gallery has been rebuilt in its original position, and contains a singularly valuable and curious col- lection of antiques, miniatures, and works of art from Springhill. The new dining-hall, which is the full height of the house, with a fine tim- bered frame roof, occupies the place and retains the position of the old hall. At the S.E. angle is the chapel. The quilt of the bed-room over the old gate-house, of flowered damask embroidered in coloured silks, was worked by Queen Anne and the Duchess of Marlborough. In the Civil Wars Col. Lygon acted with the Parliamentarians, and his forti- fied mansion was occupied in turns by both parties. The Royalists were forced to leave it previous to the fatal battle of Worcester in 1651. There was certainly a dwelling of some kind on this spot in Norman times. The library contains some valu- able manuscripts, also some rare editions of Caxton, and numerous old prayer-books and Bibles, &c. The Church, rebuilt 1867, consists of a chancel and nave, with tower at the N.W. angle. The spire is carried up 130 ft., and the tower, which is very massive, contains a peal of 6 bells and a set of chimes. The style is Ear. Dec, from designs by Freed]), who has happily blended stones of various colours in the walls. The monuments of the Beauchamp family, removed from the former church, are placed in the present in- teresting edifice. After passing Madresfield, the Old Hills, elevated undulations of red marl covered with plantations, ris- ing 250 ft. above the Severn, afford some pleasing though not extensive views. 6 J m. The Rhydd, on an eminence (Sir E. H. Lechmere, Bart.), rebuilt in the Italian style. The family of Lechmere has been seated in this vicinity since the Conquest. Sir Nicholas Lechmere sided with the Parliament, and acted with Crom- weirs forces at the battle of Wor- cester. He sat in the House of Commons during the Common- wealth, but in 1660 made his peace by contributing funds to the exiled monarch, and in 1689 was appointed a Baron of the Exchequer. Among the paintings in the mansion are 3 fine Rembrandts from Sir J. Rey- nolda's collections, viz., the Devil's Vision, Susannah and the Elders, and Rembrandt's wife ; the Vision of St. Augustine, a very fine work of Murillo ; Anne of Denmark, life size ; the portrait of Isabella Eugenia, Governess of the Netherlands, and others by Vandych, Wouvermann, Romney, and Wilson, Among the miniatures are those of Henry VII. and Elizabeth of York, after Hol- bein; Queen Elizabeth by Js. Oliver ; two oval and very diminutive me- dallets of Charles I. dug up at Hanley, supposed to be for pendent ornaments to be worn by Royalists. Charles II. in enamel ; William III. A chapel adjoins the mansion, erected by Sir E. H. Lechmere in the Middle Pointed style, and is lighted by windows of stained glass. The altar and a reredos by Street are elaborately ornamented. 5 m. Leigh Court (now a farm- house). This estate belonged, as early as Domesday, to the abbey of Per shore, and before and after 1538 it was held under lease by the family of Colles, by whom, in the reign of Elizabeth, the reversion 1 was purchased from the Crown. Of ' Q 226 Boute 30. — Leigh Court— Bransford Boad, Sect. II. these, Mr. Edmund Colles, "being loaded with debts (which, like a snowball from the Malvern-hill, gathered increase), thought fit to sell it to Sir Walter Devereux, Bt., of Castle Bromwich." There are many legends of the family of Colles still extant among the villagers. In 1742 it was purchased by James Cocks, Esq., whence it passed to the Earl Somers as proprietor. Bracey^s Leigh, the seat of the old family of the Braceys, almost from the Conquest. In 7 Henry V., their heiress, Joane Bruce, married Thomas Lygon, Esq., and carried the inheritance into that family. Sherridge (Col. Norbury). Hopton Court (S. A. Stephenson- Fetherstonhaugh, Esq.). Leigh Church stands near the river Teme ; though chiefly of 12th-centy. work, it partakes of many additions, and was restored in 1869. It consists of a nave, chancel, S. aisle, and a chapel known as Braunsford Chapel, which is separated from the aisle by an ancient screen carved and gilt. In this chapel is a Norm, font and memorial inscriptions of the Colles family. The principal entrance is at the W. end under the lofty and massive Perp. tower. On exterior of nave, over a blocked-up Norm, doorway, is a figure of our Saviour, 4 ft. 10 in. high, placed in a shallow recess of the wall, the right hand raised in benediction, the left hold- ing a crosier. A modern reredos, pulpit, stalls for the choir, and a brass lectern have been placed in the ch. The reredos is of freestone, hav- ing in the centre a Greek cross on a diaper ground within a sunk circle, and the passion flower in the centre of the cross. On either side are the Evangelists, angels bearing labels, and the emblems of the Sacrament. The base of it is elegant diaper- work. The pulpit is of oak on stone steps, and has carved on it a repre- sentation of the Ascension, &c. The stall-ends are nicely carved. The chancel is unusually rich in monu- ments of elaborate construction. On S. side a raised tomb with the effi- gies of a man in costume of a civilian is for Edmund Colles, Esq. (d. 1606). On N. side, under an arched canopy, the full-length figure of a knight armed, with his Lady behind him, both in a kneeling position, for Wm. Colles, Esq. (d. 1615), and his wife, with figures of their 12 children ; a very gorgeous alabaster tomb, with cumbent figures of Sir Walter Deve- reux and his Lady, erected in 1642 ; under a canopy the figures of a man and woman kneeling before a desk, with a child below them, for Essex Devereux, Esq. (d. 1639), and his wife. On S. wall for George Freke, Esq. (d. 1639). The banks of the Leigh Brook where it issues from the Silurian ridge, N.E. of Old Storridge Hill, afibrd good natural sections of dark red, thick bedded sandstone, and the sides of the deeply-channelled lane ascending towards Patches-farm ex- pose beds of a brecciated conglome- rate dipping at a high angle to the ^.'E.—Sil. Sys, 4 m. Bransford Road Station. A branch rly., when completed, will connect this station with the Bromvard and Leominster districts, see Kte. 39. Bransford Bridge was built at the expense of Bishop Wulstan, a.d. 1338. " Bate's Bush, which stands in the middle of a cross road, is a place ominous in the records of Folk-lore. A bush is formed from several dwarf trees, oak, holly, hazel, and haw- thorn, with an older maple-tree in the centre, which is traditionally said to Jiave sprung from a stake driven into the body of an unfortu- nate person named Bate." — Lees, Between Ravenshill Green and Bate's Bush is a light green flaggy micaceous marlstone, with a little gypsum, and in the high banks to WoRC. Boute 30. — Great Malvern: Priory. 227 the N. some of the beds of red and green marl, which overlie the zone of sandstone, are highly inclined. — Sil. Sys. 7J m. Malvern Link Railway Sta- tion [Family Hotel). Owing to the rapid increase of re- sidential villas in this locality it was necessary to enlarge the modern ch., and from designs of Sir G. G. Scott, the nave has been lengthened west- ward, the S. aisle widened, and the erection of a tower and spire com- menced. Lyttelton House (Rev. Thomas King). 8 m. Great Malvern Stat, in a cut- ting below the town. (Hotels: Impe- rial, adjoins the stat., quite at the foot of the hill ; Foley Arms, half- way up the hill, comfortable ; Belle Vue, also up the hill on the old road; Abbey House, near the church; The Beauchamp Hotel.) This fa- shionable watering-place, 520 ft. above the sea-level, delightfully situated on the slope of a group of hills, derives its name from the British words Moel or Mai, and Vern, i.e. the mountain on the plain. From a vil- lage of 50 houses in 1817, dotted on the road-side, it contained, in 1871, 7606 Pop. and 1280 houses, chiefly detached. Malvern, a place of note in eccle- siastical history, is now much resorted to on account of the beauty of its situation, the purity and salubrity of its air, the agreeable diversity of its scenery, and the medicinal quality of its springs. The fine chain of The Malvern Hills rises out of the flat land of Worces- tershire and Herefordshire, dividing for a short distance those counties. A ditch was cut in the 14th centy. along the summits, by order of the Duke of Gloucester, to determine the boun- daries. The hills run N. and S. in a right line nearly 9 m., the principal summits being the N. hill, 1151 ft. above the Severn, the most pictu- resque, the Worcestershire Beacon, 1441 ft., and the Herefordshire Bea- con, 1370 ft. The whole ridge is composed of intruded rocks, which have burst through the crust of level sedimentary formations, Si- lurian and New Red Sandstone, which constitute the surrounding plain. Thus the outline and char- acter of their scenery form a strik- ing contrast to the Holmes of the Severn, and their abrupt eminences form most picturesque objects from far and near. Their highest point is covered with verdure. Nearly 1700 varieties of plants have been found on this range, which is especially rich in its botany. The country round resembles a garden ; " all the lanes are full of all kinds of trees, and enriched with large old apple- trees that hang over from one hedge to another." This range, and the unenclosed lands below to the ex- tent of about 8000 acres, formed Malvern Forest, the trees of which were rooted up temp. Charles I., to prevent the wood affording shelter to malefactors and other dangerous persons. The Lodge Gt. Malvern (Sir H. F. Lambert, Bart.), St Anne's Well, a favourite resort of water-drinkers, on the flank of the Worcestershire Beacon, is supposed to possess medicinal qualities. MalvernFriory, of which the Abbey- gate and the Refectory alone remain, was during the middle ages one of the most flourishing conventual esta- blishments in the western counties. It was chartered by the Conqueror, endowed by Henry I., and celebrated by William of Malmesbury, who re- commended it to the support of his contemporaries. It was also the asy- lum of several illustrious scholars. Here ' The Visions of Piers Plow- man * is said to have been written. Within 200 yards from the ch. and Abbey-gate, the kiln has been found ' Q 2 228 Boute 30. — Malvern Church, Sect. II. at which encaustic tiles were made by the monks. Fine clay exists, and at a few yards' distance the rejected clay and marl pit. The pieces found correspond in pattern with tiles in the Malvern churches. Horns, bones, and pieces of charcoal used in the manufacture were also disturbed. The Church, formerly that of the Priory, is a large and handsome cru- ciform structure, a mixture of Norm, and Perp., with an elegant central tower, somewhat resemblij^g that of Gloucester cathedral. It was built according to Leland in 1084, and the present nave with its low pillars and round arches is of that period with a Perp. clerestory, a fifteenth- century alteration, the tower is also of this date. The noble E. window of the chancel is a very fine Perp. composition. The clerestory win- dows are large ; the tracery is in general very good. The windows contain much excellent and beauti- ful ancient painted glass, es- pecially those in the S.E. chapel, the six windows on either side of the choir, and the E. windows of the chancel. The latter con- tains illustrations of the life of Christ — the Last Supper, with the heads of saints surrounded with glories. The clerestory windows illus- trate the legend of St. Werstan, who is said to have come from the mon- astery at Deerhurst, viz. the first Christian establishment at Malvern ; the marriage of Jehoiakim and Anna ; the Crucifixion and Annun- ciation. In the Jesus Chapel the N. window contains four Gospel scenes, and the portraits of Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Sir Keginald Bray* The glass in the six-light windows of the N. transept con- taining full-sized figures of St. Paul, St. John (Evan.) and St. John Bap- tist, and scenes from the life of Christ, divided by labels, is of Ger- man origin of 17th century; an- other window, representing "Faith, Hope, and Charity," was set up by subscription in memory of a former vicar. Dr. Card. A window on the S. side was the gift of Richard III. It contains twelve full-sized figures. The carvings of the stalls are gro- tesque, and few churches possess such a number of encaustic tiles, which were made at a kiln on the Priory farm under the superintendence of the monks. They are in sets of va- rious patterns, well-preserved shields, symbols, texts, &c., date 1453-57. There is an alabaster tomb on S. side of the choir, with recumbent figures of John Knottesford, S.L., and his wife, and a kneeling figure of their daughter Mrs. Ann Savage (this monument is an excellent work of art). An effigy of a warrior is re- markable as armed with a long- handled iron mace or hammer and small circular target. Tlie clothing is chain-mail, with a long surcoat. It is attributed to the Conqueror's reign by some, and ranks contem- porary with Earl Longespee's figure at Salisbury (temp. Hen. III.) in Stothard's 'Monumental Remains.' At the Dissolution Henry VIII., although entreated by Latimer to spare this establishment on account of the hospitality and good conduct of the Priory, granted it to William Pynnock, who sold it to Sir John Knottesford, S.L., of whom the church was purchased by the in- habitants, and made parochial. By aid of a liberal subscription it underwent an efficient structural restoration under Sir G. G. Scott^ R,A. The high-pitched roofs of the aisles have given place to flat lead ones, thereby rendering the whole length of the clerestory windows visible. The flat panelled ceiling of the nave is painted by Messrs. Clay- ton and Bell, a successful example of modern polychromy. Upon re- moving the plaster and white- wash from the interior, it was found that the Norman portion of the walls was constructed of the local Malvern WoRC. Boute 2S.— West Malvern— Mathon. 229 Hill stone ; the Perp. work being of squared ashlar. The older work has been judiciously preserved, so that the exact line at which the loth-centy. rebuilding commenced, viz. at a few feet above the nave arcade, may at once be distin- guished. The attractions of Malvern as a watering-place are its scope and faci- lities for exercise, the opportunities of scrambling up breezy mountain- sides, so as to put every muscle of the body in action, and test the strength and elasticity of the lungs, at the same time the frequent in- haling of the purest air in a lofty re- gion. In these respects the two Mal- 'verns surpass many of the more frequented and fashionable spas in the country." — Granville. An hour or two can scarcely be better employed than in wandering over the breezy hills and enjoying the charming prospects. The ancient camps which crown the Herefordshire Beacon are very curious, and may be reached in an hour's walk, see further on. Malvern is now closely identified with the water-cure. Several doctors are professors of the hydropathic science, have large establishments for the reception of patients. Malvern College, established 1864, on the model of the great public schools for the education of boys, already enjoys a merited reputation. Pupils are prepared for the univer- sities, the military and civil service examinations. The Museum in connection with the College is especially rich in specimens of bones of the mammoth and other extinct mammalia found in the locality, and there is also a well- arranged collection at the Messrs. Burrows, the chemists. Christ Church was built as a me- morial to the late Rev. G. Fisk, rector of Malvern. Messrs. Barry of Liverpool were the architects ; it is in the Decorated style. Cowleigh Parle, a favourite resort of equestrian and pedestrian visitors. Amid the picturesque scenery of its wooded hills, the Syenitic bosses of its ancient isolated rocks are objects of especial interest to the geologist. West Malvern (Hotel : Westminster Arms), a village which principally consists of detached villas standing in their own grounds, and which are for the most part tenanted by pri- vate families. The drive by N. Malvern through this village, re- turning by the Wytche road, about 6 m., should not be omitted. The Church of St. James, rebuilt in 1870 on the slope of the hill, on the Herefordshire side, from the designs of Ed. Street, consists of a nave with two aisles, a chancel with aisles, erected in memory of Canon Pinder. The metal altar-rails were originally intended for West- minster Abbey, and were designed by the late Sir Gilbert Scott. The reredos is composed of sunk panels ornamented with brown and buff tiles, and inlaid with marbles, the centre being occupied with a cross of three grades in white marble. There are windows filled with stained glass in memory of Archdeacon Lane Frere and Miss Tatham. The tower contains a fine peal of six bells. The tenor one, of 13 hundredweight, given by Mrs. Lane Freer, is in- scribed — H. F. gave me To do my best ; To call God's folk to praise and prayer. To tell they are at rest." 3 m. W. Mathon, behind the range of the hills. How bless'd, supremely bless'd, these breezy plains With every good for man ! how bless'd with Iruits Ripen'd by ten)perate suns and fed with showers Sent by the favouring moon. How richly bless'd With these o'ershadowing mountains, lift- ing high Their hoary summits." — Booker. 230 Boute 2S.-^Malvern Wells— Castle Morton. Sect. II. The Church is Norm, with 15th- > centy. additions. The tower con- tains a peal of 6 bells noted for their musical sound. They were cast at Gloucester in 1760. The timber roof, recently opened, is of unusual construction, and a specimen of best Dec. work of 14th centy. A raised tomb, surmounted by the effigies of a gentleman, his wife and daughter, is inscribed to Jane, wife of John Walweyn, Esq. (d. 1617). There are memorial windows and numerous monuments to members of county families. 9 J m. Malvern Wells Stat. (Hotels : Essington's and Horny old Arms — on the eastern side of the hill — command views over the extensive plain and the distant picturesque scenery. Admiral Benhow Inn for travellers en route.) A ch. erected here in 1837, by Kev. P. Boissier, is a neat E. Eng. build- ing within and without, holding 600 persons. It stands in a pretty posi- tion by the road-side. 1 m. Little Malvern Court (0. M. Berington, Esq.) is placed upon the site of the Old Priory, built late in 12th centy. by a body of monks, who left the abbey in Worcester to lead a more austere life as hermits in the Wilds of Malvern. The pre- sent building is of some antiquity, with many additions to its original condition, and forms a quaint group o f gables with a tower in the corner, at the top of which is a room diffi- cult of access, intended as a retreat in times of religious persecution. At the Dissolution this Priory was granted to Henry Kussell, Esq., of Strensham, and in 1784 it passed to Thomas Berington, Esq., who had married an heiress of the Russells. The Church, once cruciform, rebuilt on an ancient site in 1482, retains the tower, chancel, and some walls : these are Perp. with parts of an earlier date. The belfry is elegantly pan- elled, and, though now shorn of its battlements, bears traces of its original beauty ; there is a carved beam, the remains of the roodloft, and some other good woodwork in the ch., and ancient stained glass of the highest interest, with figures of the royal family of that reign ; the font is octagonal. There is a large hagioscope in both the N. and S. walls of chancel, and some modern crosses to members of the Berington family. A. R. C. Chapel in Dec. style, from designs by Buchnallj was opened in 1862. The Priory (T. B. Tidmarsh, Esq.). 3 m. S.E. Welland, at the base of the Malvern Hills, included within its limits an extensive range of open land, now enclosed. A modern church (St. James's) has taken the place of the old inconvenient 17th centy. church. It is in the Early Decorated style from the designs of J. W. Hugall, Esq. The site was given by Mr. A. Watkins, one of the parishioners. There is a good peal of 6 bells in the tower. Kinnersley House, Malvern Wells (Marquis de Lys), StuarVs Lodge (Daniel Parsons, Esq.). 4J m. Castle Morton, a small Church, was erected in 1869 from a design of Preedy in the Ear. Eng. style, on a spot where the boundary of three dioceses meets. Its W.^ window is filled with good stained glass, representing incidents in the life of Christ. It was inserted at the cost of Catherine, Countess of Beauchamp, and of Miss Selwyn, in memory of their relatives. The ancient Church of St. Gregory has been restored under the direction of Mr. E. Christian, Architect. It has ■ a Norm, doorway, with a Lamb bearing a Cross sculptured on the ' tympanum WoRC. Boute 30, — Malvern : Herefordshire Beacon. 231 Excursions: — Besides the endless paths up and around the Hills, there is no lack of pleasant walks and drives in the neighbourliood. Eastnor Castle and Park, 7 miles S.W. A fine specimen of a modern baronial mansion ; open to visitors on Tuesdays and Fridays. See Kte. 39. Ledbury, 8 miles S.W,, with its fine old church and curious market hall. The finely wooded park of B. Biddulph, Esq., is open to visitors. Birtsmorton, 7 miles S., a small village with a curious moated man- sion. Croome, 8 miles N.E. The seat of the Earl of Coventry. (Rte. 35.) Madresfield, 3 miles E., seat of the Earl Beauchamp. See above. Newland, 2 miles N.E. Church and almshouses, described above. Herefordshire Beacon, 4 miles S. A fine example of an ancient British fortress. (Rte. 39.) The following places can be visited by railway : — Miles. Route. Tewkesbury Abbey 16 22 - Worcester Cathedral 8 .. 26 Hereford „ „ 24 36 Gloucester „ „ 26 .. 1 Ross 21 .. 36 Stratford-on-Avon 32 .. — To a pedestrian, the ramble from Little Malvern to the Herefordshire Beacon, and across Castle Morton Common to Birtsmorton Court, is a very pleasing one in summer time. The southern part of the Malvern chain is then seen to great advantage. The road through a deep cutting in the hill, called the Wytche, crosses from Great Malvern into Herefordshire by a less circuitous but more precipitous route, and affords an abrupt change of scenery and very extensive fresh views in Here- fordshire, Worcestershire being out of sight. This artificial pass is 900 ft. above sea-level. This road afterwards turns to the E. and skirts a deep ravine, and then passes through a gap deep- ened for the purpose, and enters Herefordshire at the foot of the en- trenched summit of the Herefordshire Beacon (1444 ft.), not only an object of unusual grandeur, but one of the strongest and most important British hill-fortresses in the island. Its cir- cumference is 2970 yds., its length 1100 yds., and the Camp contains 44 acres. The vast labour employed in its construction, its numerous and amazing belts of ramparts and trenches, its situation and singular irregularity of form, unite in proving its origin to be British. The general shape of the hill, at least of that portion occupied by the fortress, ap- proaches to an oval, and the disposi- tion of the ramparts and ditches corresponds with that figure. The area of the centre and highest part is an irregular parallelogram, about 60 yds. in its largest diameter and 40 in its shortest, surrounded by a steep rampart, and that again de- fended by a deep ditch. On the acclivity of the hill, below this, is a very extensive outwork of an oval form, containing a sufficient area for the pasturage of cattle. Still lower down the acclivity are successive ranges of ramparts, very steep, en- circling the sides of the mountain, and rendering it nearly inaccessible. The views from the summit of this great work are very extensive" About the year 50, the Romans under Ostorius Scapula, invaded this district (that of the Silures), and met with a stout resistance from the famous British chief Caractacus. Somewhere here a battle or series of battles seem to have been fought. 232 Boute 31. — Great Malvern to Ashchurch, Sect. II. KOUTE 31. GREAT MALVERN TO UPTON AND ASHCHURCH. By Kailway. This railway commences by a junction at Malvern Wells, though the trains start from the Great Mal- vern Station. (Rte. 30.) Hanley Castle parish, so called from the once stately building which belonged to the Earls of Gloucester, and in which Leland states they " lay much." It afterwards came to Ihe Warwick Nevilles, but was " cleane defaced " when Leland saw it, and now scarcely a stone remains of the extensive building in which Henry, Duke of Warwick, died 1446. It stood S. of the ch., on an elevated square, enclosed by a moat, which has been filled up on its N. side. The Castle (Thomas Gee, Esq.), a modern house, and its garden occupy the site. The moat is about 30 ft. wide, and in it a dagger of curious 15th-centy. work was found in 1870. This manor was granted by Queen Elizabeth in 1560 to John Horny- hold, Esq. Bp. Bonner was born, of poor but respectable parents, in a house called Bonner's Place, in this parish. This village stands on a line of fault extending northwards along the Severn, which occupies the line of fracture. At this point the " Keu- per Sandstones," and even some beds of the " Lower Keuper " are faulted up between the lines of Queen's Hill and that of Brockeridge. The Church, a large structure, re- stored 1858, at an outlay of 2000Z., consists of two chancels, nave, aisles, and central tower. The nave is part of the original building erected by the Earl of Warwick, but the chan- cels and tower were erected in 1674, with brick. The N. chancel is the burying-place of the Lechmeres, and the S. of the Hornyholds. The for- mer, restored in 1858 in memory of Sir E. Lechmere, contains flat stones to members of that family, including Sir Nicholas L., a Baron of the Ex- chequer (d. 1689); the eccentric Lord Lechmere, one of the Walpole ministry (d. 1727) ; Anthony L., Esq. (d. 1720). The reredos is a beauti- fully designed composition of ala- baster inlaid with crosses of marble, the crocketted canopies being sup- ported by shafts of polished marble. This ch. is rich in modern stained glass, the large E. window (the Cruci- fixion) being inserted in memory of Sir Edmund Lechmere ; one by Clayton and Bell, representing the Last Judgment, to Sir Anthony L., another to Mr. Moore. The N. win- dow of N. aisle is a successful imi- tation of mediaeval work in memory of Mrs. Lechmere. Its subject is The Ascension, and its treatment as to colour, drawing, and general tone is excellent. There is a small two- light window, representing Mary and Martha, also to the memory of this lady. The subject in the E. window is the Crucifixion by Hard' man. In the churchyard is an ela- borate coped tomb for Sir E. H. L. (d. 1856). An endowed Grammar School, with an efficient master, is well at- tended by scholars. Caterall (Mrs. Hunter). A Church was erected in 1872 at Hanley Swan, from designs of Sir G. G. Scott, B.A., on a site given by Sir Edmund Lechmere. It is in the pointed Gothic style, and consists of nave, aisles paved with encaustic tiles, with clerestory, and tower with six bells, surmounted by a spire. 7'he entrance is on E. side of tower. WoRC. Boute 31. — Blachmore Park — Upton-on-Sevem. 233 The cost, 5000Z., was defrayed by S. Martin, Esq. In this parish is Blaclcmore Parh (J. Vincent Hornyold. Esq.), erected in the Tudor style in 1863, on the site of the former mansion. The Hornyold family have been con- nected with Worcestershire since the reign of Edward III. Thomas H. brought a troop of horse at his own cost to the assistance of Charles I., had his estates sequestered and SOOOl. worth of his timber sold to repair the losses of a rebel alderman of Worcester. A small R. C. chapel, near the mansion, from designs by C. Hanson, a facsimile of an old church at Skeiton, Yorkshire, is much decorated. A Monastery, with a School and Chapel, was opened on this estate in 1846, at an outlay, including its en- dowment, of 20,000L The monks belong to the order of " Redemp- torists," founded by Alphonsus Li- guori, who died in 1787, and was canonized in 1839. This was the first community of this order, which is rigidly ascetic, founded in Eng- land. A history of the founder, by Dr. Wiseman, contains a marvellous account of miracles alleged to have been wrought by the saint. Severn End, 5 m. S., an ancient abode given at the Conquest to the Lechmeres. It is an interesting specimen of a timber-groined house, having carved barge-boards and ornamented brick chimneys, with brick wings, added by Mr. Baron Lechmere in 1670. Its internal work, of embossed ceilings and oak panelling, is of the reign of Henry Vll., and is in good preservation. Over the principal entrance is the family crest and motto, " Christus PelicanoJ'^ It is used as an occa- sional residence by the family. 6f m. Upton-on- Severn Stat. (Inn : White Lion, Star Hotel) a market town (Inhab. 5478, S. D.), the Upo- cessa of the Romans, in a most fertile part of the country. Vinegar manu- factories are the only trade establish- ments here, the town deriving its importance from its position on the Severn, navigable here for vessels of 110 tons. Boats can be hired for either fishing in the Severn or for aquatic diversions. The bridge, of 6 circular red-stone arches, built in 1605, and partly broken down by the Royalists in 1651, in the vain hope of preventing the Republican troops crossing the river, was de- stroyed by a tiood in 1852, and the present one opened for traffic in 1854. The centre arch is constructed as a drawbridge, admitting sea-going vessels to effect a voyage to the Diglis Basin at Worcester. The WTiite Lion is the hostelry mentioned by Fielding in his novel of ' Tom Jones.' The stone Toivn Hall, erected at an expense of 2000L, has a market- house on the basement, and public rooms above, in which Petty Ses- sions and assemblies are held. Dr. Dee, the Rosicrucian astrologist, and companion of Kelly the conjuror, was a native of Upton. He died at Mortlake, 1608. A modern Church has been built, taking the place of the old one. The style is Geometrical Decorated. The architect was Mr. A. W. Blom- field. The site was given by Mr. G. E. Martin, of Ham Court, who was also, with other members of the family, a liberal donor to the build- ing. It contains memorials for the Bromley and Martin families, but no sculptured monuments of note ; in the chancel is the tomb of Sir Hugh De Boteler, temp. Edward I. 1 m. on W., on a rising lawn sloping to the river, is Ham Court (G. E. Martin, Esq.), erected 1797, containing a valuable library and collection of paintings, including a very remarkable landscape by Cuyp, one of the finest productions of that master ; another by Bothy and one 234 Boute 31. — Longdon — BirtS'Morton, Sect. IT. by Salvator Rosa, and two fine pieces by Teniers ; 5 landscapes by Hol- bein ; portrait of Rubens by Van- dych. The portrait of Sir Henry Bromley has the words " Sol Mens occultus " above the head, in allu- sion to his complicity in the plot of Essex and his banishment from Court. Henry VIII. granted the manor to Sir Henry Compton, it was then purchased by Sir H. Bromley, eldest son of the Lord Chancellor, and passed by an heiress (Judith Bromley), on her marriage with John Martin, Esq., who erected the present mansion. It continues in possession of their descendant. The Hill (Col. Sir Charles John- son, K.C.B.), The Fades (Mrs. Ten- nant). I m. N.E., Earls Croome Court (G. G. Baker Cress well, Esq. (present occupier). 3 m. S.W. Longdon. The original Church was destroyed in 1786, with the exception of the tower, a sub- stantial erection of 14th-centy. date. The chancel windows of the ne\\ edifice are memorial, and filled with stained glass by Heaton^ representing incidents in the life of the Saviour. The reredos is a novelty in mosaic glass, having the holy Lamb in the centre and the Crucifixion by Calver on wood in poker work. Among the sepulchral memorials is a good Brass of Wm. Bridges, Esq. (1523), in armour, and his wife, both in the at- titude of prayer. Marble tablets and a memorial window are to members of the Stone and Parker families. In the ch.-yard a plain cross records the gallantry of Lieut. Stone, who fell at the head of his party in the attack on Sebastopol, 1854, aet. 18. Eastington Hall, now a farm-house, is an average specimen of a timber- dwelling of the 15th centy. The oak roof of the dining parlour is most elaborately carved, and its screen is perfect. The richly carved barge boards deserve notice, and a bay window in the first floor is counected with the gable in a very artistic way. Longdon Marsh, surrounded on all sides by deep ditches, is tenanted principally by flocks of tame geese in summer months, while in autumn and winter, being covered with water, it is a resort of various sea-birds. Chambers Court (E. G. Stone, Esq.). 5 m. S.W. Birts-Morton Court, a timbered mansion of 16th-century, except the gateway, with its massive doors, which are probably late 14th- century date, with lofty ornamented chimneys, surrounded by a very wide moat, once the seat of the Nanfan family, now a farm-house. The manor was given to John N., of a Cornish family, by Henry VI., to whom he was an esquire of the body. Sir Richard N., sherift'of the county, was appointed by Henry VII. cap- tain of Calais. Bridges Nanfan was M.P. for the county and city of Wor- cester. His heiress married the first Earl of Bellamont, after whose de- cease the countess re-married Ad- miral Caldwell, then Edmund Pytts, Esq., M.P., and 4thly, when 72 years of age, Wm. Bridgen, Esq., who was Lord Mavor of London in 1764. Richard, 2nd Earl of B., left this estate to his only daughter. Lady Judith Coote, after whose death, in 1771, it was sold, and has since had several owners. A bridge conducts, under a lofty stone gateway, with embattled walls, to an open court. There is a nail-studded, shattered, yet original oaken door. The prin- cipal hall is used as a kitchen. The great dining parlour, wainscoted with carved oak, has an heraldic chimney-piece of 14th-centy. work, with the arms of Nanfan, and around the room are emblazoned shields of the numerous families allied to them. A spacious banqueting-room on the other side of the court, 50 ft. long and 24 ft. wide, to which there is a WoRC. Boute 31. — Birts-Morton and PendocJc Churches, 235 separate flight of stone stairs, is used for a cheese-room. The ceiling of this apartment is handsomely orna- mented in stucco, with the Tudor rose and fleur-de-lys in the com- partments. The Rt. Hon. Wm. Huskisson, M.P., was born in this house in March, 1769; his father, Wm. H., Esq., of Oxley Manor, nr. Wolverhampton, being at that period the tenant. The cruciform Church has an ele- gant piscina in its chancel, which is closed in with low carved doors. There is some old stained glass in the E. and nave windows, in which the saints Victor and Gregory are conspicuous. The open seating is of good 15th-centy. work. At the end of one seat is a curious cylindrical alms-box. The ch. has some] good stained glass and an altar slab bear- ing the usual incised -j- on the floor beneath the prayer desk. A curious altar-tomb of Purbeck marble for Sir John Nanfan, temp. Hen. VI., having 3 compartments on either side, and each formed of a trefoil arch, has a figure much defaced within it, in a kneeling posture. These represent Arundel, Bp. of Chester, Dame Eliz. Lygon, John Nanfan, "Squire of the body with King Hen. the Sixth," Sir Rich. N.. John N., his brother, and in another compartment by the figure of a gentle- woman, with her hat turned up as a chaplet, there is written " Dame Eliz. Bollys is sister to them both " — Sir Will. Houghton and for Mary Magdalen ; at the end of the tomb, an immense monument to the me- mory of Admiral Caldwell (d. 1718), is in the chancel, covered with mili- tary and naval ornaments, and one for Catherine, Countess of Bella- mont (d. 1738), and on W. wall, for Bryd<;es Nanfan, Esq. (d. 1702), and his wife. Richard, the 2nd and last Earl of B., was buried in the ch.-yd. (1766) and his grave, by his decree, filled up with large stones. 8J m. Hippie Stat This parish, if it was not a Roman station, was, from the relics excavated, a place of Roman occupation. Fragments of sepulchral urns and pans have been discovered at Bow Farm ; and from Bow Bridge, which spans the brook dividing the counties of Worcester and Gloucester, are traces of a paved road made of blocks of stone, leading towards Tewkesbury. In the village are the base and shaft of a Cross : there is a similar cross in the ch.- yard, and a third in a large hamlet called Uckinghall. In the chancel of the Ear. Eng. Church are two ranges of stalls with curious carvings, de- lineating domestic and social life, and a stone inlaid with brass, w^ith a figure of the V. M. with the Infant Jesus in her arms, and below, a man in the attitude of prayer, robed, re- presenting Thomas Bustard, a rector (d. 1584). The entrance doorways are bold and well-executed additions. Over the N. porch is a room. Ripple Hall (J. Empson, Esq.). 12J m. Tewkesbury Station (see Rte. 22). 6 m. W. Pendock Church, a plain edifice, with a strong-built square tower at the W. end, is substantially Early Norm., having simply a nave and chancel without aisles. There are two Norm, doorways N. and S., and the font and a curious tri- angular piscina on the S. side of the chancel are of the same period. The tower and western window are of 14th-centy. date. The E. window is of stained glass, a memorial to Samuel Kent, Esq. (1847). There is also a memorial window to Caro- line Melville (1858). Amongst the tombs in the neatly kept ch.-yard is a monument to Mrs. Symonds, of Elsdon, Herefordshire. W. of the church is a remarkable dyke extend- ing several miles, of ancient British or Saxon formation, probably a boundary in early times, but of which nothing certain is known. 14 m. Ashchurch Station. 236 Boute 32. — Worcester to Bromyard, Sect. II. ROUTE 32. WORCESTER TO BROMYARD. . A branch of G. West. Ely. 14 m. 5 trains daily in 45 min. This railway to connect Worcester with the northern portions of Here- fordshire, is opened for traffic as far as Bromyard. It has stations at Leigh, Knightwick, and Yearsjett. Thp road to Bromyard commences near St. John's church. 2i m. Crown East Court (H. Bram- well, Esq.), a modern mansion. In the grounds are several pieces of or- namental water and a small chapel with a timber porch, and a circular font with carvings in the Norman style. Henwich Stat. 3 m. Cotheridge Court (Rev. W. C. Berkeley). The old mansion is ap- proached by an imposing double avenue of stately lime-trees more than J a mile in length, numbering upwards of 200 trees, the largest of which are 14 ft. in girth, and are considered to be of 150 years' growth. This manor was purchased in the reign of James I. by William Berke- ley of Spetchley, whose son, Sir Row- land B., took an active part in the battle of Worcester, 1651, mounted on one of his two piebald chargers, and by a clever yet bold ruse induced the victorious party to suppose that he was absent from the fight and in- valided at Cotheridge. This gentle- man's only son dying on his travels in Greece in 1669, Sir Rowland left this estate to his grandson, the son of his eldest daughter, with whose descendants it has since continued. Among the pictures in the house are portraits of Sir Rowland and of two of his dau,2,-hters. There is also an avenue of elms of older date than the limes, supposed to have been the original approach to the court. The small Church has some E. E. portions, with a Perp. tower occupy- ing the position of S. porch. In E. window is some old painted glass, and the chancel is paved with old glazed tiles bearing heraldic devices, and emblems of the passions; also tiles with inscriptions : Think, man, thy life May not ever endure — That thou dost thyself of that thou art sure ; But that thou keepest Unto thy executor's care. And ever it availe ihee It is but a venture." The chancel arch is Norm., and on the walls are tablets to the Berke- leys. Hopton Court (A. H. Featherston- haugh, Esq. \ Leigh Court Stat. 6i m. Broadicas. The Court (F.E. Williams, Esq.). The floor of the Ear. Eng. church is covered with ancient heraldic tiles in good pre- servation. In Doddenham Dingles are several springs which deposit travertine in their course. Thorneij Cottage (John F. Williams, Esq.). 8 m. Knightsford Bridge, on the 1. bank of the Teme river (Talbot and the Fox and Hounds Inns), is a favourite resort of anglers and for picnics, and will doubtless be more so now that it is so readily acces- sible by railway. It is one of the most picturesque spots in Worcester- shire. The finely wooded slopes of Ankerdine are also attractive to geologists. " The sandy mass of the Caradoc formation is seen at the S. termina- WoRC. Boute 32. — KnigJitwick — Bosehury Bock, 237 tion of the Hartley hills, rising into the still loftier hill of Ankerdine, the highly inclined strata of which dip both to the W. and E. with the exception of a slight trace of the bottom of the overlying group of Wenlock shale. On its N.W. face this rock constitutes the only divi^ sion between the old red sandstone of Hereford and the new red of Wor- cester. At Ankerdine the formation is charged with casts of the Atrypa hemisph^erica and other fossils. A glance suffices to show that the Teme escapes through a great fissure, and at a point of extraordinary convul- sion."— /S^i7. Sys, 9 m. Knightwiclc Stat, on S. bank of the Teme. The ch. was erected 1856. Near it, in a lane, is an oak of moderate size of about 100 years' growth on which the misletoe plant may be seen. It is the only oak in Worcestershire at present known with misletoe growing on its bran- ches. At Blacks well, where the Silurian rocks subside for a short interval, are extensive quarries of a lightish red sandstone speckled with yellow grains, and of a very superior quality. This thick-bedded, though finely laminated sandstone, dips 18° S.E. ; the angle of inclination hav- ing decreased with the depression of the ridge of older rocks against which it rests. Almost adjoining this sandstone is a remarkable cliff called "the Eosebury Rock," the summit of which is 350 ft. above the sea. At this spot the old red and new red sandstone are again conter- minous, being separated by only an alluvial meadow. " The northern face of the rock is the finest vertical section of the coarse conglomerate near the base of the new red with which I am ac- quainted. The fragments vary from a large size to that of almonds, and are both rounded and angular ; the greater number and largest consist- ing of a purple-coloured concre- tionary trap. The other fragments are chiefly referable to the Silurian system, and among them are quartz rock, indurated schist, and other altered rocks. The cement is partly calcareous with a few veins of whit!e calcareous spar." — Murchison. " As a picturesque object, Rose- bury Rock forms a beautifully- wooded mass, shrouding the rapid Teme that bathes its base, and tempt- ing the naturalist to explore its hol- lows, involved in a labyrinth of dense vegetation. Ivy trees of great thick- ness clasp the precipice ; monstrous roots and old withered stumps jut out in various places from the grey encrusted rock in grotesque shapes, and occasionally a solemn yew-tree gives a black fringe to the over- hanging foliage. In these cool and darkened recesses, ferns flourish more rigid and luxuriant than usual, and mosses and cryptogamic tribes may be found in considerable plenty. On some of the trees the lungwort may be found." — Lees. An efficient fish-pass has been placed in the river to assist the passage of the salmon. 2 m. W. Callow's Leap is a pre- cipitous rock, overhanging a deep glen in which a rapid stream roars over the jutting rocks. It is a trap- poid conglomerate, similar to the rock at Haffield and the conglomerate at Rosebury. The Old Storrage Hill is composed of purple Caradoc sand- stone, its summit (732 ft.) being made up of Caradoc conglomerate. A small brook, called the Here- fordshire Lake, divides the counties of Worcester and Hereford. 94 m. Whitbourne Court (Sir R. Harington, Bart.), once a palace of the Bishops of Hereford, now alien- ated from the see. 10 m. Gaines, a brick mansion erected early in the 18th centy. 11m. Whitbourne Hall, a spacious modern house (E. B. Evans, Esq.) on an elevated position in the valley. 12 m. Brockhampton. Manor House 238 Boute 33.— Worcester to Tenbury. Sect. It ( John H. B. Lutley, Esq.), and the small ruined chapel adjoining are very interesting ; the chapel is a very simple Early English specimen of architecture. The details are parti- cularly chaste and correct; Clater Park (W. Barneby, Esq.). 14 m. Bromyard Stat. (Inns: Hop Pole ; Falcon : see Rte. 44). This Line may be continued to Leominster. ROUTE 33. WORCESTER TO STOURPORT, BEWDLEY, AND TENBURY. By Railway. This transit is accomplished by a junction line of the Worcester and Wolverhampton and the Severn Valley Rly. with the Bewdley and Tenbury Rly. — a very circuitous route. The Severn Valley Rly., connect- ing this locality with Shrewsbury, commences at Hartlehury Junction. It is 40 m. in length, and is carried for J m. through a high ridge in a cutting 70 ft. deep. The sandstone had to be blasted, and about 240,000 cubic yds. of earth to be excavated. The river Stour is crossed by a single arch, but 3 addi- tional arches have been constructed for the passage of flood waters. Stourport Stat. (Jww.Swan; Station Hotel; Pop. 4609), at the junction of the rivers Severn and Stour. On the formation of the Worcester and Staf- fordshire Canal, — one of Brindley's earliest works, in 1768, at an outlay of 105,000/., — this spot, from a hamlet of cottages in a sandy barren locality, rose with great rapidity to a town of commercial importance, with quays, warehouses, and manufactories. The Severn is crossed at the end of the principal street by an iron bridge, with an arch of 150 ft. span, and 50 ft. perpendicular, precluding the possi- bility of its destruction by floods, which have broken down so many bridges on the Severn. Moor Hall (J. Brinton, Esq.). Sandhourne (S. Baker, Esq.). The church is situated near the entrance to the town from the railway station. A magnificent church was built 1883. 1 m. W. Areley-Kings Ch., on a hill, from whence an extensive view is obtained. A flat stone in the chancel of the ch., to the memory of Wm. Walsh, states that he was " ruinated by 3 Quakers, 3 lawyers, and a fanatick to help them." There is a curious monument in the ch.- yard to Sir Henry Coniugsby. Areley Hall (S. Zachary Lloyd, Esq.). Lickhill — the seat of the ancient and noble family of the Folliotts — notwithstanding its name, is situated on a low level near the Severn. At Redstone Ferry is a high cliff in which extensive excavations have been made in the solid rock. It once enjoyed high repute as a hermitage, and was visited by devotees of rank. Layamon is said to have composed in this place, in the reign of King John, his ' Chronicle of Britain.* The place, though partly in flood's way and unfit for human habitation, was once occupied and licensed as a public-house ! This ferry was once the high road from North Wales to London, the mails being conveyed across the river through Hartlebury as late as the building of Stourport bridge, about the year 1774 ; and the body of Prince Arthur, when brought from Ludlow for interment at Wor- WoRC. Boute 33. — Astley — Blachstone Bock — Bewdley, 239 cester Cathedral, was probably taken by this then usual route. 3 m. AsUe y. An alien Benedictine priory, Tounaed here in 1101, by R. de Todeni, of which the Prior's well near the ch. is the only relic, was granted in 1558 to Sir Ralph Sadler. Here was born, in the 11th centy., Layamon, the famous priest who wrote the History of England from Brute to Oadwallader. The ch. exhibits some good old Norm, work corbel-tables of grotesque heads, rood stairs, and memorials of the Winfords — John Winford, Esq. (d. 1637) ; Sir John W., Kt. (d. 1682)j; Sir Thos. W., Bt., Prothonotary of C. P. (d. 1702) ; and of the family of Cookes ; John Ewer, Bp. of Bangor, 1769-74, was buried in the chancel ; and there is a marble tablet, by j^gjm, a small edition of his chef d'ceuvre in Bristol Cathedral, to the wife of Rev. W. Mason. The drapery is very finely executed. In the N. chapel of the chancel are two fine altar-tombs, one with recum- bent figure of a man armed except the head, and one of a female in the costume of the time : represent- ing Walter Blount, Esq. (d. 1561), and Isabel his wife (d. 1562). In the niches round the tomb are their 7 children. Another with similar figures, gauntlets lying beside the man, and the wife having a book in her hand, on which is written, " O Lord, consider our desire;" Robert Blount, 1575. Woodhampton (John Russell Cookes, Esq., J.P., D.L.). Glasshampton, the family mansion of the Winfords, is a ruin, having been destroyed by fire, caused through the negligence of a drunken workman. Oakhampton (John Henry Crane, Esq., who is now lord of the manor of Habberley near Kidderminster) ; Ahherley Hall (J. J. Jones, Esq.); and the Eall (T. Simcox Lea, Esq.). 2 m. N.W., overlooking the Severn, is the Blachstone Bock, of consider- able height and covered with vegeta- tion. The Hermitage, subterranean vaults cut out of the solid stone, is an interesting specimen of early times», though the period of its creation and the names of its occupants are unknown. The rooms are used for the purposes of the farm, and from a seat in front an extensive view along the river may be obtained. At the Dissolution, Bishop Lati- mer, in a letter from Hartlebury to Lord Cromwell, alludes to this place as being then a pest to the neigh- bourhood. " Hereby (says he) is an hermitage in a rock by Severn, able to lodge 500 men, and as ready' for thieves and traitors as true men* I would not have hermits masters of such dens, but rather that some faithful man had it." After passing over Burlish Com- mon and through Mount Pleasant Tunnel, the rly. reaches Wribben- hall village, in which is Bewdley Station. Spring Grove (W. F. Spencer, Esq.). 1 m. S.E. of Wribbenhall is a re- markable pinnacle of sandstone rock, known as " the DeviVs Spittle^ ful^^ 291 yds. in circumference at its base, 67 yds. long at its summit, which is naked, 3 yds. wide and 37 ft. high. It stands insulated in a basin of sandy soil, and is planted round by various sorts of trees. 5 m. Beivdley Junct. Stat. (Inns : George ; Black Bov), a borough town (Inhab. 8677, P.B. ; 1 M.P.), con- sisting of two principal streets at right angles, containing very well- built houses. It takes its name (Beau Lieu or Bellus Locus) from its plea- sant situation upon the declivity of a hill on the rt. bank of the Severn, which is crossed by one of Telford's bridges, erected 1797, and orna- mented by the adjoining forest of 240 Boute 33. — Bewdley — TicJcenhall Manor House, Sect. II. Wyre. Camden describes it in a com- plimentary verse : — *« Delicium rerum bellus locus undlque floret, Fronde coronatus Virianae tempora Silvae," *• Fair seated Bewdley, a delightful town, Which Wyre's tall oaks with shady branches crown." This traditional etymology is not adopted by Leland, who writes : "Bewdele, the sanctuary town, hath hard by it the kinge's maner of Tickle, standing on a hill." It was included in the Marches of Wales, and was added to the county of Worcester by Henry VIII., but it had obtained a charter of incorpora- tion from Edward IV. Its situation on the Severn and its means of com- munication with Bristol by that river enabled the merchants of Bewdley to establish a very extensive trade in combs and sailors' caps, and it was once the emporium for the exporta- tion of Welsh flannels, cotton goods, timber, bark, corn, leather, and wool ; and it imported groceries for the supply of Lancashire and the Principality. Its trade in these com- modities has been abolished by mo- dern arrangements, but the town retains many proofs of its former prosperity in the numerous mansion- houses built by its wealthy mer- chants. At Bewdley is the junction of the Severn Valley Kailway with the Tenbury and Bewdley line. The loop line from Bewdley to Kidder- minster was opened in 1878, con- siderably shortening the route from Tenbury, &c., to the Birmingham district. A Free Grammar School, founded by charter of James I., is supported by lands and rents given by several pious inhabitants. An extensive library of books was bequeathed to this school in 1812 by Dr. Wigan. In the Civil Wars this town was held for the King, but surprised by Fox the Tinker, who took Sir T. Lyt- telton and other persons of quality prisoners. Charles I. regained pos- session of it before the fight at Mars- ton Moor, and also after his defeat at Naseby, when a severe skirmish took place with his pursuers. The Town Hall, a neat modern building in the Hij^h Street, has a commodious market - place under- neath, with the arms of Lyttelton carved in front. — John Tomes, a theological disputant of notoriety in the Civil Wars, and Willis-, Bishop of Winchester, son of a capper, were natives of this town, Tickenhall Manor House — Leland writes There is a fay re manour place by W. of the town standinge in a goodly parke well wooded on the very knappe of an hill that the towne standeth on. This place is called Tickenhill. Whether there were an ancient house in times past or not I am not assured ; but this that now there is somewhat new, and as I heard was in a mannour totally erected by King Henry VII. for Prince Arthur. It was repaired for the Lady Ma rye. Since I heard that R., earl of Marche, and duke of Yorke builded there. It was Morti- mer, Earl of March's land." In this mansion Prince Arthur was married by proxy to Catherine of Aragon. In the Civil Wars it was much damaged, but repaired by Mr. Ingram, who had a sub-lease of the property under the Winningtons. Ticknell continued in good condi- tion until the Civil Wars, when it was visited by Charles I., and was after- wards demolished by the Parliament. The Parliament Commissioners de- scribed the Royal Residence as having " a great court, garden and outhouses, the house being within a park and containing 2 acres in its scite." At the Restoration the crown estates were first leased to Lord Herbert, and then to the Solicitor- General, Sir Francis Winnington, for a very long term, at the expira- tion of which the lands were held by the Earl of Dudley at an annual WoRC. Boute 33. — Winterdyne — Hahherley Valley, 241 rent, but in 1870 were sold by the Government in 100 lots to a variety of purchasers. The Court of the Marches was once held alternately at Ludlow and Tick- nell, and it was on his road between these places that the Prince Arthur died, A.D. 1502. Kateshill House(Joh.n Bury, Esq.), stands on a very picturesque emi- nence. Winterdyne (Giles Shaw, Esq.), commanding a delightful view of the Severn, was built 1770 by Sir E. Winnington, Bt,, lessee of the Eoyal Demesnes. " The healthiness of the situation, the beauty of the pro- spect, and the commodious arrange- ments of the mansion unite in making it a very delightful residence." — Nash, Ribhesford belonged from an early period to the noble family of Lisle ; on the attainder of the Duke of Northumberland, who was also !3aron Lisle, temp. Henry VIII., that monarch granted it to his favourite Sir Robert Acton. Passing by different owners it came to Sir Henry Herbert, brother of Lord H., of Cherbury, which title becoming extinct in 1691 was re- granted in 1694 to Henry Herbert of this place, then M.P. for Bewdley. On the decease of the 2nd Baron, 1738, s. p., it became again extinct, and the estate passed to his Lord- ship's relative, H. Morley Herbert, Esq., on whose death, in 1781, this property came to George, Marquis of Winchester, by whom it was sold in 1787 to Francis Ingram, of Tlcken- hall, and is now the property of his descendant, the Rev. E. W. Ingram. The Church, an Ear. Norm, build- iug, with 2 side aisles, presents por- tions of several styles, but chiefly Perp., and there is a very curious bas-relief over the doorway, said to refer to a legend of an early pro- prietor having shot a salmon ! The interior is neatly arranged, has some old painted glass, and contains several [G., W. & H.^ interesting monuments, including a handsome modern Brass for Captain Ingram, erected by the officers of the Enniskillen Dragoons. A win- dow of 3 lights is filled with stained glass in memory of Adam Pratting- ton, Esq., M.D. (d. 1865) and his wife. The subject is the Ascension, and the figures of the Apostles are brought out prominently. Bibhesford House, the property of the Ingram family. 2 m. N. of Wribbenhall is the. Habberley Valley ; a favourite resort for geologists, botanists, and holiday excursionists. By the first class it is supposed to have been a saline lake for ages after man had appeared upon the earth. Nearly 500 species of plants, including many of rare occurrence, have been gathered by botanists within J m. from its centre ; whilst to the latter and larger class, the attractions are various. The isolated and precipitous FekJcit or peaked rock " of red sandstone is a prominent and attractive object in this valley, near the Gianfs Grave, as the legendary stories describe it. To climb its sloping sides, and carve their names upon the slabs which cap it, is, as the myriads of initials testify, the object of all young climbers. " The wishing well " is a spot resorted to by maidens to ivish as fancy may lead them. To walk 3 times round the well, dropping a pebble into the basin at each turn and with it breathing the wish into the ear of the resident fairy, is the course pursued. Trimpley Hill, according to Dr. Buckland, belongs to a very ancient upheaval period ; " it was a hill when the Alps and Apennines were plains.'* The basaltic dyke at Shatterford, 3 m. N., is an outburst of igneous matter that has raised the coal- measure beds through which it breaks into a vertical position, so that they stand upon their edges. The Severn Valley line, at 4 m. R 242 Boute 38. — Shahenhurst—Maioley Hall. Sect. II. beyond Wribbenhall, enters Salop at the Areley Stat. The Bewdley and Tenhury Ely., 14 m., branches out of the Severn Valley at Northmore Lodge, and crosses the Severn at Dowles Brook, on an iron bridge of one arch having a span of 200 ft. It is constructed for several miles through Bewdley Forest, a district of 7000 acres, planted with oak and underwood, which does not furnish the usual charms of forest scenery. The rare British Moth (Strausstis Fagi) is found on the birch-trees in this Forest. A periodical fallage has been adopted from an early period, and hence the complaint in the Polyolhion : — " When soone the goodlie Wyre, that wonted was 80 hie Her statelie top to reare, ashamed to behold Her straight and goodiie woods unto the furnace sold; And looking on herself, by her decay doth see The miserie wherein her sister forests bee." J m. N. of Bewdley, Dowles. The Manor House, a substantial half- timbered building, is considered to be of 14th-centy. date. 6 m. Cleobury-Mortimer Stat. The town, 2 J m. W., can be reached by omnibus (1700 Inhab. — King's Arms) see Handbook for Salop. To a place known as " The Old Forge iron-ore was formerly brought and smelted by wood. 9J m. Neen Solers Station. 1 m. Shakenhurst (C. W. Wicksted, Esq., owner), a brick mansion oi unpretending architecture, with a porch. 2 m. E. Mamble Church has 2 mortuary chapels belonging to the Blount and Shakenhurst families, and filled with memorials. There is a stone effigy of Kalph de Mamble, in full suit of chain armour ; a brass of John Blount, Esq., and Margaret, his wife, 1510, with effigies of their son. Sir Edw. B., Knight of the Body to Henry VIII., 9 other sons, and 7 daughters. The longevity attributable to this locality is extra- ordinary. Mawley Hall (Sir W. de S. Blount, Bt.), an imposing brick mansion of 18th-centy. erection, having a spa- cious hall, and its principal rooms, hung with family portraits, are wainscoted. In this and the adjoining parishes are "numerous coal-pits, near the line of junction with the old red sandstone, and coal-measures extend over the parishes of Kock and Pensax to the foot of the Abberley hills. In some of the pits near Pensax the shafts are from 30 to 40 yards deep, passing through white sand- stone ; and two coals are worked, of which the upper or yard coal is the best ; a lower coal of inferior quality is not extracted. At Mamble there are three seams of coal, the two uppermost separated by a foot of clod, but the third lies 9 yards beneath them, and is harder and better in quality. It is from 2 ft. to 2 ft. 4 in. thick, and is reached by shafts at depths of from 40 to 60 yards. At Menith Wood pits, near Pensax, the shafts are from 50 to 60 yards deep, and pass through a considerable thickness of sandstone having a nor- therly dip. Two beds of coal of 2 ft. each, and separated only by 2 ft. of clod, are wrought. The overlying coal sandstone is exhibited in fine quarries at Pensax, and is a good building- material, but it thins out towards the Abberley hills, where the overlying strata are composed chiefly of clunch and slate." — Murchison. This coal, being highly bituminous, is particu- larly useful in drying hops. Pensax Court (J. J. Jones, Esq.). A seat of Glutton during two centuries. In 1754 the young heir to this estate fell with his horse into a disused coal-pit, where he perished before the accident was known. By this WoRC. Boute 33. — Newnham — Tenhury, 243 death the property passed to another branch of the family. llf m. Newnham Stat., near the road. The Talbot Inn enjoys repute for its comfortable quarters among the disciples of Izaak Walton. The Teme for several miles is preserved by an association, of which the terms of membership are reasonable. Trout and grayling are the best productions of the river. Eardiston Souse (George Wallace, Esq.). Newnham Court (Mrs. Wheeler). 5 m. the Ch. of Stockton, has a curious Anglo-Norm, arch over the principal doorway, and contains se- pulchral notices of the Walsh family, and a brass to Wm. Parker, 1508. The Ely. hence proceeds in un- usual proximity with the road, on the other side of which is the river. 14 m. Tenhury Stat (4657 S.D. Inhab. — Inn: Swan) derives its name of Temebury from the river which divides Salop from Worcestershire, and is crossed by a neat bridge of 6 arches. The town consists of 2 streets crossing each other at right angles, and has a Spa, a Corn Exchange, the Union Workhouse, a butter-cross, and the Church, within its limits. The tower and chancel are the only remains of the ancient ch., erected in the 11th centy. The nave was destroyed in Nov. 1770, by the over- flowing of the Teme, which surroimds the ch.-yard. This injury was occa- sioned by digging a grave near the foot of a pillar supporting the roof between the nave and S. aisle, when the water, percolating through, undermined the column and threw down that portion of the edifice. The ch. has been carefully restored, and presents several objects of inte- rest. A curious monument is pre- served here — the effigy of a knight, only 30 inches in length, clad in chain mail, with a surcoat and a sword, and his legs crossed. It is on a raised tomb 3 ft. in length, within a canopy 8 ft. high, and is ascribed to Sir John Sturmy, who joined the Crusades under Kichard I. Crusaders are commemorated by similar monuments in other parts of England, but the instances are rare. At the E. end of S. aisle are 2 life- size recumbent figures of Thos. Ac- ton, Esq., and his wife, on a richly carved base, erected in 1584. The advowsonof Tenbury belonged to the monastery of Shene, in Surrey, and after its suppression was pos- sessed by Shakespeare's Sir Thomas Lucy, by whose descendants it was sold, in 1716, to Mr. Eead, whose youngest daughter was mother of Sir Thomas Lawrence. A mineral spring was discovered here in 1839, by workmen sinking a well. The water sprang up suddenly from a bed of limestone, lying under a mas- sive stratum of old red sandstone, 32 ft. below the surface. It con- tains chloride of calcium (talc), of sodium (soda), magnesium, and bro- mine, with a trace of iodine, and has proved highly beneficial in scorbutic and cutaneous disorders. A pump- room 32 ft. by 20 ft., a reading-room and baths, nicely fitted up, have been established for the convenience of invalids, and walks laid out on the bank of the small river Kyre. Bur- ford House (Lord Northwick). The Jewhes (A. P. Bloome, Esq.). Nash Court (G. Pardee, Esq.). 3 m. from Tenbury is the magnifi- cent ch. and Training College >of St. Michael, founded 1855-58, by the Eev. Sir F. Ouseley, Bart., for the education of boys in church music, with a classical and mathematical education. The style of the build- ings is of the richest Dec, and the tourist should, if possible, visit it on a saint's day, when there is full choral service. The ch. is built of the old red sandstone, with facings of Bath stone, from designs by Woodyer, and K 2 244 Boute 34. — Worcester to the Hundred House, Sect. II. is 150 ft. in length. The chancel is apsidal, lighted by long two-light windows, varying in tracery and carefully studied. A rly . connects this town with the Shrewsbury and Hereford line at Woofferton. 5 m. S. BocMeton Church has 2 Norm, doorways, and portions of Dec. character. In the N. aisle is a high freestone tomb, of elaborate work- manship, with full-length figures of Kichard Barneby, Esq., and his wife, in the costume of the 16th century. BocMeton Court (Major R. P. Decie). Kyrewood House (E. V. Wheeler, Esq.). 5 m. Hanley Courts a seat of the Newport family. 4 m. Kyre Farh^ a plain comfort- able mansion, the seat of the Pytts family, now of the Rev. E. Baldwyn- Childe. This estate was purchased in 1577 of Henry Lord Compton, by Edward Pytts, a barrister of the Oxford circuit. The ornamented grounds, in which different levels of water are skilfully arranged, were laid out by " Capability Brown." 5J m. N. Lindridge. In this parish is The Lowe (now a farm- house), a good specimen of a half- timbered house of 16th-centy. erec- tion, once the seat of the ancient family of that name. In 1724 the last male proprietor of the Lowe family directed by his will that " my house at Lowe being the ancient seat of my ancestors, be kept up by whomsoever has the estate, and by no means be pulled down or de- molished." ^ m. S.E. Stohe Bliss. The E. E. ch., judiciously restored in 1853, merits inspection. The E. windows of the chancel are filled with good memorial glass. ROUTE 34. WORCESTER TO THE HUNDRED HOUSE. These roads pass through dis- tricts which have not been pene- trated by any railways, and diverge in the suburb of St. John's. The turnpike-road to the Hundred House for 6 m. traverses a fine natural ter- race overlooking the rich valley of the Severn. Henwich Hall (Arthur C. Cherry, Esq.). The road divides at Henwick, one branch proceeding by Hallow to Tenbury, and the other on 1. to Hartley, 6 m. The Church of this parish has fine Norm, door- ways. Ear. Eng. and Dec. windows, with a Perp. tower. In the chancel is a recumbent alabaster efiigy of Sir Hugh Mortimer, of Martley (temp. Hen. VI.), armed except the head, and the hands joined in prayer, with a collar of the rose and sun round the neck. There is part of an ancient tomb, on which no inscription remains ; also a tablet for Mrs. Lettice Lane (d. 1709), a sister of Mrs. Jane Lane, who rode behind King Charles on his perilous journey after his defeat at Worcester. Rev. James Hastings, rector of this parish, d. July, 1856, aged 100 years ! \ The Noah (Richard Nash, Esq.), an es- tate purchased by his ancestor in the reign of Charles II. In this parish is a bold conical elevation, oval in form, called the Berrow Hill, which is composed of concretionary trap, locally known as Jewstone. There are two lines of entrenchment round the brow, perfect in many parts, which are nearly 400 yards in length and 190 yards in width. 2 m. E. Laughern Hill House (D. G. Nevin, Esq.). Wonc. Boute 34:,— ^Ham Castle — Shelsley Walsh 245 At 9 m. the river Teme is crossed at Ham bridge. The village of Clifton-oii-Teme, situated on a steep declivity over- looking the river, was made a free borough by Edw. III. The Church, restored in 1866, Ear. Eng. and Dec, with a new spire, contains the recumbent effigies (in armour) of Sir Kalph Wysham (a Crusader), owner of Woodman ton, and a monument to E. Jeifries, Esq., M.P. A Brass has been placed to the memory of Mrs. Joyce Jeffries, whose (iiary during the Civil War is printed in the * Archseologia,' vol. 37. It is thus inscribed : — " Ham Castle gave her birth, Clifton a grave. The simple records of her life attest Her faith, her hope, her charity. From her home In Hereford she fled, while civil war Her lands sequestered and her dwelling razed : And here she found repose ; yet not a stone Nor farewell line to mark her resting-place, Or tell the story of her chequered days. One, who a kinsman felt such honour due, Pays the late tribute and inscribes her tomb."— r. E. W., A.D. 1857. 10 m. rt. is Ham Castle, formerly the residence of the Jeffries family, of whom Edward J., M.P. for Droit- wich, 1715-25, was one of the judges for South Wales. The Castle, which was nearly destroyed in 1646 by the Parliamentary troops, has been well renovated, and is now used as a farmhouse. The armorial bearings of this family are placed on the ornamented heads of rain-water pipes. 10 m. Shelsley Beauchamp. This manor belonged to the Wyshams of Woodmanton, from whom it passed to the Beauchamps of Holt, and thence to John Croft. It was at a later period added by Lord Foley to his Witley estate, and the Earl of Dudley is its present owner. The Church was rebuilt in 1846-7 from designs of Mr. Cranston, with the exception of its tower. . The altar is a massive stone slab, sup- ported on legs of the same material. The reredos consists of a richly moulded arcade, divided by circular shafts into five compartments, in which are illuminated the Creed and Commandments, executed by Mar- getts of Oxford, and the centre light of the window is filled with painted glass by Wailes, — a medallion of the Crucifixion occupying the most pro- minent place. This glass was a gift of the Eev. G. W. Henderson. There is a mural marble monument to Ed- ward Moore, Esq., and to his son. In thech.-yard the remains of a preach- ing-cross may be seen. 11 m. on 1. Shelsley Walsh, once a seat of that family, of whom Sir John W., Sheriff of the County in 1605, took a most active part in the apprehension of parties accused of participation in the Gunpowder Plot. The E. front of the manor- house is modern, but the other por- tions possess their original character. The moat is partially filled up. In the garden is a remarkably fine specimen of the Himalayan fir {Abies morindd) still in its prime. The small though ancient church, lately re- stored, erected in 13th centy. by Sir H. Le Waleys, is built of travertine, or petrified stone, obtained from the Southstone Bock, " the largest mass of travertine existing in Great Britain," which retains some remains of a hermitage. It is calcareous tufa, which in the course of ages has been here deposited by water loaded with calcareous particles constantly flowing out of the corn- stones of the old red sandstone. It stands near the road, 1 m. beyond the ch. Many botanical specimens grow hereabout which are not found elsewhere in the county. Two copious streams of the purest water pass round the rock, and unite below it. The ch. is rich in encaustic tiles, and has a well-painted wooden altar-tomb to 246 Boute 34. — Stanford Court : Church, Sect. II. Francis Walsh, who died 1593, with these words on the side : — " As you are now, so was I ; As I am now, so shall you be." a window of stained pflass — the gift of Eev. D. Melville. The rood-screen is not only perfect, but a rare speci- men of carving. On S. side it is re- turned into the nave so as to enclose a small chantry chapel, being one of tiie only two examples of such an arrangement in England. 13 m. S. Stanford Court, the seat of Sir Francis and Lady Winniiigton, was burnt down on December 5, 1882. It was a fine Elizabethan mansion situated in the fertile valley of the Teme. No portion of the principal build- ing was saved beyond a few tottering walls — but the laundry, kitchen, and stables were uninjured. A national loss occurred in the destruction of the valuable manu- scripts and books in the old library, some of the former being of great his- torical value, including the House- hold KoU of Michael Swinfield, Bishop of Hereford a.d. 1289, and the Household Book of Joyce Jef- fries during the Civil Wars. Among the pictures destroyed were portraits of Henry VII., Henry VIII., Ed- ward IV., Edward Winnington, Ei- chard Winnington, and Elizabeth of York. The estimated total loss was between 40,000Z. and 50,000Z. It was the residence of the Wash- bournes, who conveyed it through an heiress to the Salweys, who held it from 3 Hen. IV. to 1670. Humphrey S. was Escheator for Worcestershire in the reign of Hen. VI., and his great grandson, Arthur S., an officer of the Exchequer under Queen Elizabeth. Humphrey, eldest son of the above Arthur Salwey, was M.P. for the county of Worcester, 1640-53, and a zealous supporter of the Common- wealth proceedings. On the death i of his only son, Edward S., Stanford passed to his 3 daughters, and the shares of the elder sisters were pur- chased by the husband of the young- est, Sir Francis Winnington, M.P. for Windsor, Solicitor-General in 1674, and the legal tutor of Lord Chancel- lor Somers. Garth has thus noticed this lawyer's professional repute as an advocate : — " But how at church and bar all gape and stretch, If Winnington but plead, or South or Only preach !" — Dispensary. [The ancient family of Winnington derives its surname from the town- ship of Winnington, in Cheshire, and its origin from Eobert, son of Lidulph de Twemlow, who settled at Winnington, and thence adopted the name. He died in 1294, and from him descended, through a younger branch, Francis Winning- ton, a colonel in the army of Charles II., who left a son. Sir Francis Winnington, Knight, who married Elizabeth, sister and co-heir of Edward Salwey, Esq. Their eldest son, Salwey Winnington, married Ann, sister of Lord Foley, and had issue, with other children, Thomas, born 1696, M.P. for Droitwich from 1725 until 1741, when he was elected for Worcester. Mr. Winnington was appointed a Lord of the Admiralty in 1730, and of the Treasury in 1736. In 1741, Mr. Winnington became Paymaster of the Household, on the resignation of Sir Kobert Walpole, and Pay- master of the Forces in 1743. His son Edward, M.P. for Bewdley, was created a Baronet in 1753. In the gardens is a magnificent cedar planted in 1747. It is 18 ft. in girth at its base. The Church, in the park, was re- I built in 1769 on the site of a pre- vious building by Sir Edward Win- nington, Bt., when an altar-tomb, with the full-length effigies in ala- i baster of Humphrey Salwey, Marshal WORC. Boute 34. — Hallow ParJc — Holt Church, 247 of the Court to Hen. VI., and of his wife, was removed to its present position. He is represented in armour except the head, which reposes on a tilting helm with 'mantling and crest, the latter being a Moor's head, with a collar of SS on his neck. His wife wears a bonnet laced with fur, with a rose on the top, and two small dogs at her feet. The figures of 7 sons, armed, kneel on the sides, and 3 daughters kneel at their feet, in the attitude of prayer ; and a marble monument for Eight Hon. Thomas Winnington, M.P., Paymaster of the Forces, who died 1746, through the ignorance of his medical attendant. The poetical epitaph is from the pen of his friend Sir Charles Han- bury Williams, M.P. : — ** If ear his paternal seat here buried lies The grave, the gay, the witty and the wise. Form'd for all parts, in all alike he shin'd, Variously great ! a genius unconfin'd ; In converse bright, judicious in debate ; In private amiat)le, in public great. With all the statesman's knowledge, pru- dence, art ; With Friendship's open, undesigning heart. The friend and heir here join their duty ; one Erects the busto— one inscribes the stone." Among the modern tablets are those for the Hon. Ladv W. (d. 1776), Dame Mary W. (d. i784), Sir Edw. W. (d. 1791).] The other branch of the road from Worcester is the old route to Tenbury, on which at 3 m. is the neat village of Hallow, in the churcli- )ard of which is a railed tomb to Sir C. Bell, the eminent physio- logist, who died when a resident here in 1812. Hallow Park (Mrs. Lord), a beautifully wooded estate j overhanging the river, belonging to the Lygon family. On August 18, ' 1575, Qu. Eliz. "after dinner rode to Hallow Parke, being Mr. Abyngton*c, ' on her palfrey, and being on Hynwcke hill viewed Pytchcroft and all tlie fields adjoining thereto, on which j above 1500 horses of her majesty's j retynu and trayne were then pastured After her majesty came to Hallow Park she hunted, and with her bow she kylled one buck and struck another, which being recovered she called Mr. A., asking hym how many bucks be kylled? and he said two bucks ; and then she said, Lett one of the bucks be brought to one bailiff's howse and one to the other, with a better good turn, which bucks were brought to the houses of the bayliffs accordingly."— ^wc^. MS. 4 m. Thorngrove (Col. R. F. Mid- dlemore). Lucien Buonaparte, when brought to England as a state prisoner in 1810, being permitted to live in freedom upon his parole, purchased this estate for 9000L, and made it the residence for himself and family until he was restored to liberty by the Peace of Paris in 1814. One officer only had the superintendence of his movements and correspond- ence during the period of his deten- tion. Lucien was able to amuse himself at Thorngrove with the completion of an epic poem on Charlemagne, which few ever read, and none will probably remember. 4^ m. Grimley Church has a Norm, nave with Ear. Eng. Dec. and Perp. insertions with some good old glass. The tower, erected in the 14th centy., is well designed and executed. 6 m. Holt Church, a fine old edifice containing good specimens of late Norman work. The N. and S. door- ways have double shafts with gro- tesque heads for capitals and raised zigzag mouldings; the abacus of each being enriched with scroll ornaments. JSsop's fable of the Fox and Crane is sculptured on the N. doorway. The chancel arch has double shafts with capitals similarly ornamented, and the entire edifice, restored, 1861, is deserving of inves- tigation. The Norm, font is of Pur- beck marble, sculptured with mon- 248 Bouie 34:.— Holt Castle— Witley. Sect. IT. strous forms of adornment, and there is an aumbrey, hagioscope, lyncho- scope, and some ancient encaustic tiles bearing monograms and texts in the S. aisle. Memorials exist of the Beanchamp, Attwood, Bromley, Berkeley, Foley, and Washbourne families, former possessors of the manor, and in the ch.-yard is a railed tomb over Ann Countess-Dowager of Coventry, who died 1798, aet. 96. Holt Castle (T. Best, Esq.). An embattled tower and wall, the only remains of this once famed castle, are within a few yards of the church. It was a residence of the Lord Beau- champ of Holt, created Baron of Kidderminster in 1387, being the 1st peerage by patent of creation. On this site the present house was built in 1550, by Sir John Bourne, Secre- tary of State through the reign of Mary, from whose son Anthony it was purchased by Lord Chancellor Bromley. His grandson. Col. Henry Bromley, was a most zealous royal- ist; he expended 30,000L in the support of Charles I., and died be- fore the Eestoration. This estate belongs to the Earl of Dudley. A turnpike road on rt. crosses the river by a toll-bridge to Ombersley. 8 m. Shrawley Manor, purchased by Thomas Vernon, Esq., M.P., in the reign of Queen Anne. Shrawley Wood, of nearly 500 acres in extent, is known to botanists, throughout England, for having its underwood almost entirely formed of the small- leaved Lime-tree {Tilia parvifolia), which is here indigenous, and is cut down periodically as coppice wood, and sent to the Staifordshire Pot- teries to be Used up in the formation of crates. More than any other wood it abounds with the odorous lily-of- the- valley, and is visited in May on that account. It also nourishes a rare grass, called the Wood Fescue-grass, which has been only found in three other counties in England. In the autumn a great variety of Fungi are also found here, including a curious and rare Boletus, which, according to some botanists, grows only in fir plantations. Shrawley Church, standing on an eminence, and commanding ex- tensive views, has some noticeable Norman work in its doorways and windows, one of the latter being pierced through a buttress, which is somewhat unusual. The Stoup seems to be an insertion after the con- struction of the doorway, and under- neath the E. window is a Tery ancient stone coffin-lid, with an in- cised cross batonne, dug up in the cli.-yard. . The ch. contains memo- rials of the Yernon family, and one tablet to Mrs. Yernon, has these lines inscribed, attributed to the pen of Wordsworth : — " She came, though meek of soul, in seemly pride Of happiness and hope, a youthful bride. O dread reverse ! if aught be so which proves That Grod will chasten whom he dearly loves, Faith bore her up through pains in mercy given, And troubles which were each a step to heav'n. Two babes were laid in earth before she died : A third now slumbers at the mother's side. Its sister twin survives, whose smiles impart A trembling solace to her father s heart. Header, if to thy bosom cling the pain Of recent sorrow combated in vain ; Or if thy cherish'd grief have fail'd to thwart Time, still intent on his insidious part, Lulling the mourner's best good thoughts asleep Pilfering regrets we would but cannot keep, Bear with those, judge those gently who make known Their bitter loss by monumental stone ; And pray that in their faithful brea&t the grace Of resignation find a hallowed place." 9 m. Witley (The Earl of Dudley) formerly belonged to the Cookseys, and was purchased, in the 17th centy., by Thomas Foley, Esq., M.P. : for Worcestershire, who acquired j great wealth from his iron-works 1 during the rebellion, and was the principal seat of that influential WoRC. Boute 34. — Witley — Hundred House Inn. 249' family until bought by its present noble owner. Thomas Foley, Esq., grandson of the purchaser, M.P. for "Worcestershire, was created a peer in 1711, a title which became extinct on the decease of his son in 1766.. The title was revived in 1776 in favour of the cousin of the last noble- man, and is enjoyed by his lineal descendant. The mansion, an im- mense building, has been remodel- led and enlarged, by which it has been rendered commodious without regard to architectural uniformity; though the principal front on the S. side, containing the largest apart- ments, possesses an elevation in a very chaste style. The park is ex- tensive and very picturesque, having some gigantic oaks in full vigour. The gardens, which occupy an area of 10 acres, have been re-arranged by Nesfield, with fountains. The largest and central of these is the colossal group of Perseus and Andro- meda. The figures are 26 ft. high from the water-line, aud 24 ft. diameter at its octagon base. It was designed by Nesfield, and exe- cuted by Forsyth in Portland stone. It can throw water to the height of 120 ft. The Church, rebuilt by the first Lord Foley, communicates with the house by a gallery opening iuto the chancel. It has no pretensions to any classical style; it has been re- seated with open benches, the ends being exquisitely carved. A rich pulpit and lectern have been added, while the altar-rails are elegant ex- amples of brass and iron work. The angles and bowl of the font, exe- cuted by Forsyth, are in statuary marble ; the plinth is of black Irish marble; the bowl is nearly simi- circular in form. The entire decora- tions are Kenaissance in character, in harmony with the style of the church. On the top of the cover, instead of a flnial, is a figure of John the Baptist. The windows repre- sent the Annunciation, Nativity, Adoration of the Magi, &c., &c., painted by Price in 1719, for the Duke of Chandos, and purchased, when his famous mansion Cannons was dismantled by the first Lord Foley. The subjects on the ceil- ing are by Verrio, and the monu- ment in the recess in the chancel, by Ryshrach, is considered one of that sculptor's most successful efforts. On Woodbury Hill, near Witley, about 1 m. S. is an ancient encampment, in which Owen Glendower is sup- posed to have posted himself and his French allies under the com- mand of Montmorency, who had landed at Milford Haven a few months before. They were here en- countered by Henry IV. and his valiant son ; and after watching each other for 8 days, during which the champions of either army frequently descended into the plain to engage in single combats, were compelled to retreat towards Wales, from want of provisions, the country around having been laid waste. According to Mori- strelet, the French historian who has described this campaign, the kin«: retired first ; but the account of Hall seems more probable — that Henry "chased the enemy from hills to dales, from dales to woods, and from woods to marshes, and yet could never have them at any advantage." This was nearly the last effort of Glendower, who soon after got rid of his French allies, and, having maintained a gue- rilla warfare 4 or 5 years longer, finally retired, passing his latter days, re- spected and unmolested by the Eng^ lish, at the house of one of his mar- ried daughters, at Monniiigton, or Kentchurch, Herefordshire. In this and other Welsh campaigns young Henry of Monmouth acquired that experience as a general wnich after- wards enabled him to gain the victory at Agincourt. 11 m. the Hundred House Inn, built by Lord Foley, is conveniently situated as a posting-place in this hilly locality. 250 Moute 35. — Worcester to Gloucester, Sect. II. On rt Hillhampton contains a va- | luable collection of paintings by early and modern masters. 12. m. Abherley Hall (J. Jones, Esq.), an estate o:ranted by Hen. VIII. to Walter Walsh, one of the grooms of his Privy-chamber, a younger son of John W., of Shelsley Walsh. His descendant, Wm. Walsh, M.P. for Worcestershire, and Master of the Horse to Qu. Anne, is better known from the friendship which existed between himself and Pope, who attributed his success as a poet to the judicious advice received in his early days from Walsh. His death, in 1707, at the age of 46, is thus noticed : — " Such late was Walsh, the Muses' judge and friend, Who justly knew to blame or to commend. To failings mild, but zealous to desert : The clearest head and the sincerest heart. This humble praise, lamented shade ! re- ceive : This praise, at least, a grateful Muse may- give— The Muse whose early voice you taught to sing, Prescrib'd her heights and prun'd her tender wing." Abberley has been supposed by some to be the original type of Sir Roger de Coverley's residence. Ad- dison was a frequent visitor of the Walsh family, and an avenue is still called " the Widow s Walk." The estate passed to the Bromleys, of whose heiress it was purchased by the late Mr. Moilliett, at the expense of whose family a new parish ch. was built in 1852, which was partly destroyed by fire in 1873. The chan- cel and some Norm, arches of the old church remain. There are monu- ments to Sir Wm. Walsh fd. 1622), Joseph Walsh, Esq. (d. 1682), record- ing his sufferings for his loyalty in the Civil War, Wm. Walsh, M.P., and three rectors of the Severne family, who held this benefice during 133 years. Places near the Hundred House I are within easy distance of Stour- port Railway Stat. (Kte. ^3.) 3 m. Stockton. 8. m. Newnham Stat. lOJ m. Tenhury Station (Inn: Swan) see Rte. 33. ROUTE 35. WORCESTER TO CHELTENHAM AND GLOUCESTER, BY BESFORD, KEMP- SEY, STRENSHAM, AND TEWKES- BURY. This communication is effected by road and by the trains of the Midland Company, which start from the Shrubhill Stat, and proceed without stopping for a distance of 9 m. to Defford, The road leaves the city by the Diglis suburb, and at 4. m. reaches Kempsey (3454 S. D. Inhab.), a vil- lage of well-built houses and modern villas in a charming position near the Severn, on the banks of which a well-trodden path connects the place with Worcester. Its name is consi- dered to be a corruption of " Camp's Eye," from the military entrench- ment of many acres in area skirting the river at a fordable point. A Monastery, founded during the Hep- tarchy, was united to the See of Worcester previous to the invasion of the Normans. In a country seat of the bishops, of which only the site is traceable, Henry II. once held his court ; Henry III., accompanied by WoRC. Bmie 35. — Worcester to Gloucester. 251 Simon de Montfort, previous to the fatal battle of Evesham, in 1265, having crossed the Severn at the long accustomed passage at Pixham Ferry, were entertained for a night by the Bishop. The Nash (Sir Kichard Temple, Bart, G.C.S.I., C.I.E., LL.D., late Governor of Bombay). In 1738 this estate was purchased by Wm. Temple, Esq., who, on the death of Lord Cobham in 1749, succeeded to a baronetcy. He was buried in Kempsey ch. in 1760, leaving an only child, who married her cousin. Sir Richard, who became 7th baronet. At their decease s. p. this estate passed to John Dicken, Esq. (whose mother was one of the Temple family), when he assumed the name and arms of Temple. Kempsey House (Bev. A. F. Bou- cher). Its large cruciform Church stands within the area of a Roman camp, where sepulchral urns, coins, &c., have been excavated, and also a stone tablet inscribed to Constantino the Great. The building was restored in 1865 at a cost of 4000Z. under the supervision of Mr. Christian. The chancel has 3 pointed windows on either side and a fine 5-light E. window. A shoot of a chestnut-tree, which has forced itself into the chan- cel, droops over the recumbent effigy of Sir Edmund Wylde, d. 1620. In the chancel is a bust of Mr. Farley (d. 1821), and other memorials. A lich-gate, with a timber roof sup- ported by oak pillars, was erected at the cost of General Col vile. 6 m. Wadhorough Stat. Few trains stop here. 1 m. Pirton Court, a fine timbered manor house, having on its outside the arms of the Courteous, who re- sided here in the 17th centy. Some magnificent cedars are growing round a small lake known as Pirton Pool. 9 m. Defford Stat. Pershore 3 m. 4J m. is Upton - on - Severn (see Rte. 31). Defibrd Common, the largest waste in this county, is part of the ancient forest of Horewell. On an elevated part are 3 large gnarled oaks, hollow and ragged, of at least 700 years' existence. The largest is 23 ft. in circumference. Besford, 1^ m. from Defford, is well worth a visit. The ch. is unique in this county, being a half-timbered structure, probably erected in Perp. period; it contains panelled mural monuments to the Hazewell family (interesting), and monuments to the Sebrights. There is a rood-screen, a triptych, and other interesting objects to antiquaries. , , . _ # # It was restored in 1880, Mr. W. T. Hopkins being the architect; the chancel was rebuilt within living memory, but chiefly with materials from the old structure, including some early Eng. lancets of the date of the latter part of the 12th centy. The two side walls of nave and the west wall are original. Besford Court and a very large tithe barn are worthy of a visit. 5 m. on W. Croome Court (Earl of Coventry). The mansion is a plain and comfortable square building with two handsome fronts, flanked at each corner by a tower, from a design of Browns. It was erected upon the site of an old house of William Jeffries, Esq., cofferer of the household of Henry VIII., with whose heiress it had passed in mar- riage in 1593 to Sir Thomas Coven- try. Amongst the original paintings are those of Geo. III. and Queen 252 Boute 35. — Croome Court: Church, Sect. II. Charlotte, presented by themselves in commemoration of their visit to Croome in 1788 ; the Lord Keeper, a full length; Thomas, 2nd Earl; Rt. Hon. Henry Coventry (d. 1686) ; Rt. Hon. Wm. Coventry (d. 1686) ; Duchess of Hamilton and Countess of Coventry (the celebrated Sisters Gunning) ; Chas. XL ; George II. ; Wm. Lord Craven, in armour ; Gil- bert 4th Earl of Coventry ; the 6th Earl and his Countess, by Hogarth ; l)uchess of Devonshire, by Netcher ; J. Gunning, Esq., and V\ ife, by Kneller ; equestrian portrait of 9th Earl, by Fearce ; Venice (2), by Canaletti ; landscapes by Sal. Bosa, Both, and Claude Lorraine ; Venus, attended by Cupid; Ph. Lauri; J upiter and Europa. by Zuccherelli ; sporting pieces by Cuyp and Wouver- mans. These grounds were laid out by the 6th Earl, aided by " Capability Brown," who has a commemorative tablet in the walks. The Earl was thus enabled to reclaim the place from a mere morass. From a Temple in the park known as the Panorama an extensive view is obtained. A plain stone building on an eminence ' — the Botunda, fitted up for summer evening parties, stands amid a great variety of pines and other forest trees. Near it is an urn and pedestal, erected on the royal jubilee 1809, with memorial lines inscribed to the 6th Earl, who died a few weeks be- fore the celebration of that event. This noble family are descended from John Coventry, Lord Mayor of London, temp. Hen. VI., and one of the executors of the famous Sir Richard Whittington. His descend- ant, Richard Coventry, of Cassing- ton, in Oxfordshire, left a son — Thomas, born in 1547, who was educated at Oxford and the Inner Temple. He was appointed by King James a Justice of the Court of Com- mon Pleas, and died in 1606. His eldest son, Thomas, was made Lord Keeper in 1625, and was created Baron Coventry in 1628. He was buried at Croome in 1640, having the rare good fortune of escaping censure or accusation in the dis- charge of his official duties during the long period of 14 years. The Earldom was created in 1697, with special limitations to the de- scendants of the Lord Keeper's brothers, and at the death of the 4th Earl in 1719, the titles and estates devolved upon William Coventry, Esq., M.P. for Bridport, who became 5th Earl : at the period of this suc- cession 38 persons had lived and died since this nobleman's birth, to all of whom prior right of inherit- ance belonged. To his son, the 6th Earl, Croome is indebted for its present fertility, he having at a con- siderable outlay converted a barren waste into a productive soil. He married one of the beautiful Miss Gunnings, and died at the age of 87. Her grandson now possesses the title and estates. The Church, rebuilt 1763, has a S. transept only, balanced by a tower on the opposite side. It contains well-executed marble monuments, with full-sized recumbent figures, of Sir Thomas Coventry, and the Lord Keeper, in judicial costume: of Thomas, the 2nd Baron, in his robes of peerage ; opposite to this is the figure of Lady Margaret, his wife. John, the 4th Lord, is represented in a reclining position under a canopy, with the figures of Hope and Mercy at the head and feet. In the adjoin- ing Ch. of Severn Stoke the parents of the 1st Lord Somers were buried, and have a monument with a Latin inscription upon the E. wall of the chancel, written by their distin- guished son. On an eminence above the river is Severn Bank, a villa residence on the estate of the Earl of Coventry, com- WoRC. Boute 35. — Strensham — EcJcington. 253 manding views of the Vale of Severn and the Malvern range. Strensham village. On rt. bank of the Avon, Strensham Court (A. J. Taylor, Esq., J. P., D.L.), a seat of the Russells during 5 centuries. The old castellated mansion erected temp. Rich. II., was destroyed in the Civil "Wars, and its materials have been so thoroughly removed that even the foundation stones are gone. Two moats remain, so filled by thickets of bramble and dense masses of ver- dure as to be impenetrable. James Russell was lord of this manor in 1300. Sir William Russell was a very active supporter of the royal cause in the Civil Wars, and was one of those selected for the intended honour of the Royal Oak. On the decease in 1705 of Sir Francis R., this estate passed to his sisters, by whose representatives it was sold to John Taylor, Esq. In a mean-looking, low timbered house, of one story in the village, Sam. Butler, author of ' Hudibras,' was born about 1612. The house has been pulled down by Mr. Taylor, and no traces remain. The parish register contains an entry of his bap- tism, Feb. 14, 1612. His father was churchwarden in 1611. The Church, chiefly Dec. and Perp., is fitted up with ancient carved oak seats. At W. end is a gallery, faced with the original front of the ancient Roodscreen, containing curi- ous paintings of the disciples, evan- gelists, martyrs, &c.,with appropriate emblems — St. Lawrence carrying a gridiron, Peter the keys, other dis- ciples, as fishermen, with oars and nets, and Judas Iscariot has a bag attached to his belt. There are some ancient tiles; and a Norman font, on a shaft of equal thickness, is rudely carved with semicircular arches. On N. wall is a marble monument to transmit to posterity | that near this spot was born a man so celebrated as Samuel Butler, and that this tablet was erected in vene- ration of his talents and genius by John Taylor, Esq., owner of the manor. There are several costly and well- executed marble and alabaster monuments for the Russells, with recumbent figures and brasses of elaborate workmanship, in good pre- servation, to members of that family. The figures of the men are in armour, except the head, and those of the women are in a kneeling position, and all in the attitude of prayer. These figures represent Robert Russell (d. 1390); Sir John R. (d. 1405) ; Robert R. (d. 1502) ; Sir John R. (d. 1562). The white marble effigy of Sir Francis Russell is in the full-dress costume of Queen Anne's reign, with the figure of a widow weeping over her husband. 10 m. Echington Stat. (3828 S. D. Inhab.) The Church has a fine W. Norm, door, and on the tower are well-executed and grotesque gur- goyles. The old roof of the nave with its carved bands and figui-es is now hidden by a plastic ceiling, but can be examined from an entrance in the roof. In the chancel are several handsome monuments to the Han- ford family. A raised tomb on N. side of the chancel, with the figures of a man and woman kneeling, with a book-desk between them, is for John H. (d. 1616) and his wife. This estate, in 1536, was obtained by marriage with the heiress of Sir John H., who purchased it from Lord Burleigh. On the decease in 1860 of the last male descendant the estates devolved upon his nephew, the present owner. Their mansion, Woollas Hall (Wm. Hanford Flood, Esq.), has acquired a very venerable appearance from the dark but dur- able stone with which it is built. The porch bears the family motto, 254 Bouie 35. — Overhury Court Sect. II. ** Memorare novissima," with the figures 1611, but the greater part of the building is of an older date. The great hall has a screen and music- gallery over it like that of the Middle Temple, imposing from its length, width, and height. Among the paintings are portraits of Henrietta Maria, and Sir George Wynter, Van- dyck; Lady Wynter, Lely, The kitchen spit was formerly turned by a stream of water from Bredon Hill. 12} m, Bredon Stat. 2 m. E. Overbury, where a hill- stream turns several silk-mills, and falls into the Carrant brook at Aston. At the foot of the hill Overhury Court (Robert Martin, Esq.), remarkable for some noble trees. This estate was purchased in 1723 by John Martin, Esq., banker in Lombard Street, who erected a new mansion, which, in 1735, being burnt down, the present house was constructed on its site. The Church (restored) con- sists of a fine First pointed chancel, Early Norm, nave with low Norm, arcade. Mid. Pointed aisles and tower, Third Pointed between Nave and chancel. The bowl of the Font is Norm. 1 m. from the village is a handsome Roman Catholic chapel. On Conderton Hill is a camp attri- buted to the Danes, 165 yards long and 74 yards wide. 14 m. Ashchurch Stat., where pas- sengers change for Tewkesbury Stat, in Rte. 22, ( 255 ) SECTION III. HEREFORDSHIRE. ROUTES. ROUTE PAGE 3ti. Gloucester to Ross and Hereford 255 37. Ross to Hereford (by road) 273 38. Tlie River Wye. Ross to Monmouth) by road, river, and railway) 376 39. Worcester to Hereford by Malvern and Ledbury .. 284 40. Hereford to Leominster and Ludlow 291 ROUTE PAGE 41. Leominster to Kington and Presteign (by railway), and to Leintwardine (by road 300 42. Hereford to Hay and Brecon 309 43. Hereford to Abergavenny and Newport, by Pontriles lAhbey Dove'] 315 44. Hereford to Bromyard and the Hundred House (by road) 323 ROUTE 36. GLOUCESTER TO ROSS AND HEREFORD. Gloucester to Mitchel Dean Road Stat. (See Rte. 4.) 14 m. Mitchel Dean Road Stat. ; on rt. the ch. and parsonage of Lea. 2 J m. N. Linton Church placed on an eminence. The chancel is Anglo.- Norm., the piers of the nave are of same date on N. side, but on S. of Ear. Eng. character. The belfry opens into the nave by a lofty arch, the ceiling of which is beautifully groined. The nave of this church is divided from the N. aisle by 3 arches supported by octagonal piers. In this parish is the site of Eccleswall Castle, the early seat of the noble family of the Talbots, Earls of Shrews- bury. Gilbert T. is described at the coronation of Rich. I. as Lord of Lynton, holding it under Robert de Ewyas. He enlarged the castle of Eccleswall, but his grandson, Sir Richard, removed the seat of the family on marriage with the heiress of Adamar de Valence to the more important castle of Goodrich, in 1353. A circular mound near the Court Farm marks its site, having a large pond of an acre in extent near it, and a succession of small ones lead- ing from it. 16 m. The tower of Weston-under- Penyard Church, restored 1867, is seen on the left, and the prospect is bounded by the woods of Penyard Chase, on the summit of which the site of a Roman exploratory camp and the remains of a feudal castle exist, and fine views are obtained. 1 The diminished walls are scarcely 256 Moute 36. — Lower Weston — Moss. Sect. III. sufficient to show the ground-plan, but they enclose an oak of great circumference. Near the ruins are traces of fish-ponds. Lower Weston is a mansion of the Nourses, of the Elizabethan period, in good preservation. It passed by sale to Mrs. Partridge, of Bishopswood. 1. See the Ear. Eng. Churchy which exhibits some massive Norman pillars, and contains a tablet having the figure of a man kneeling with hands in the attitude of prayer, for Walter Nourse (d. 1609). BolUtree^ on rt., is the ancient AH- conium, a station between Glevum and Magna Castra. The tradition of its destruction being caused by an earth- quake is fabulous ; there being little doubt that, like other well-built sta- tions, e.g. Uriconium near Shrews- bury, it was purposely destroyed by fire after the Romans had evacuated Britain. The gentle slope of ground to the W. of the ancient station towards Penyard is often called Cinder-Hill. There is an immense mass of scorise just below the sur- face, remains of smelting furnaces, perhaps tracing up to Roman times and at work till the last century. A considerable space of the ground is of a blackish kind, in direct contrast with the natural (red) soil. Remains of statues, urns, vases, and fibulas have been found at various periods, and such a quantity of pieces of bronze and coins were dug up temp. Geo. II., that the owner, Mr. Mey- rick, realized 151. by their sale. These discoveries are alluded to by the poet Phillips : — this fair city fell ; of which the name Survives alone ; nor is there found a mark Whereby the curious passenger may learn Her ample site, save coins and mouldering urns." Ariconium was the centre of several Roman roads : (1) from Glou- cester to Ross ; (2) to Monmouth, crossing the Wye below Goodrich. There was a short cut to the Roman road running north from Monmouth to Shrewsbury through Kenchester, joining Weston with Kenchester and passing by Fownhope. Woodfield (J. Chivers, Esq.) ; Wes- ton Lodge (W. Burmester, Esq.) ; Hunsdon House (Mrs. Hichens); Over Boss House was the residence of the late Rt. Hon. M. Bernard, Prof, of International Law in the Univ. of Oxford, and created a Privy Councillor for services in connec- tion with what were called the ' Alabama ' claims in 1871. 18 m. Boss Stat. (Inns : Royal, very good, away from the town, in a garden overlooking the horse- shoe curving of the Wye, and the scenery beyond it; Swan, in the town, good ; King's Head), a market- town, of 6000 Inhab., with steep streets, pleasantly situated on an eminence rising into a rocky precipice on the 1. bank of the river. " Through the midst of the valley below runs the Wye, which seems in no hurry to quit the county ; but like a hare that is unwilling to leave her habita- tion, makes a hundred turns and doubles." "But Wye (from her dear Lug ^vhom nothing can restrain In many a pleasant shade her joy to enter- tain) To Ross her course directs, and, well her name to show, Oft windeth in her way, as back she meant to go. Meander, who is said so intricate to be, Hath not so many nooks or crankling winds as she." '-Drayton, Polyolb. Ross is the point from which tra- vellers start to explore the Beauties of the Wye, for which pleasure-boats are in readiness. (See Rte. 3). Bow-boats and Wherries are kept by Hobbs of the Hope and Anchor at the quay. Charges. Good- rich. Symond's Yat. Mon- mouth. Tin- tern. 1 Man 2 Men 6s. 85. 105. 155. 15s. 255. 25s. 455. Heref. Boute 36, — Boss: Church; Monuments, 257 John Egerton, Bp. of Durham, who was rector of Ross 1745-71, was an active patron of this ex- cursion, and made the varied scenery of the river known in the world. Gray and Gilpin wrote it into celebrity, and Lord North, when Premier, made the tour in 1776. John Kyrle, Pope's " Man of Ross," a plain country-gentleman, born 1637 at Dymock, educated at Bal- liol, Oxford, to which college he gave a tankard, resided here, and was buried in the ch. 1724. His merits, though great from his acts of bene- volence and usefulness, have pro- bably been surpassed by many to " fame unknown " — Carent quia Vate sacro. The Church, in Dec. and Perp. styles, whose " Heav'n-directed spire he taught to rise," and to the tower of which he gave the great bell, occupies a conspicuous position. The E. window of the chancel contains old stained glass, inserted about the reign of Hen. VII., but now re- arranged. The massy tower, con- taining a peal of 10 bells and the chimes, supports the spire, injured by lightning in 1852, and rebuilt with care, though somewhat out of the perpendicular ; its height is 208 ft. Some elms planted by Kyrle survive, noble specimens, but fast decaying, and measuring on the average 12 ft. 8 in. in circumference. One that was cut down has sent forth under the ch. walls vigorous shoots w^hich are growing within the building. Kyrle is buried under a blue stone in front of the altar, 1724. He lay without a monument until 1776, when Pope*s reproach was removed : *' What ! No monument, inscription, stone ?" and a tablet on the wall was affixed, through a bequest for that purpose by Lady Dupplin, his kinswoman. His fireside chair is placed in the chancel. A ch.-bell, cast at Glou- cester by Rudhall in 1692, bears [(?., W, & Kyrle's name. Among the monu- ments are those to William Rudhall, serjt.-at-law, and his wife (d. 1529). Their recumbent effigies are sculp- tured in Italian marble, in the costume of Hen. VII. He with round cap and flowing robe, and his wife in the square headdress of that period, having on her shoulder a clasp of two union roses, and at the girdle a pair of scifesors ; another toWm. Rud- hall (d. 1609), and his wife Margaret, in a kneeling posture, the figures in the costume of Queen Elizabeth's reign. Behind the father is the figure of a son, and those of 6 daughters kneel behind the mother. There is also the effigy clad in armour, wear- ing open Spanish boots, of John Rud- hall, Esq. (d. 1636), holding his wife by the hand. The last heir male of this family, Wm. R,, who d. 1651 (an officer in the Royalist army),, is represented by a statue whicli stands erect in the costume of a Roman general, with a wooden sword. This was erected as a pledge of affection by a maiden lady, Maria Suron. A white marble bust of Mr. Westfaling (d. 1814), by Theed, B.A. (with a Latin inscription from the pen of Bp. Luxmoore), is placed on a pedestal in form of an altar : having in front a bas-relief of Charity instructing children. Among the memorials in the ch.-yard is a slender cross, designed inE. E. style, by Sir G. G. Scott, B.A., to a daughter ,of Geo. Strong, M.D.; it rises 20 ft. Under a granite slab repose the remains of Rt. Hon. Prof. Montague Bernard, D.C.L. A coped tomb indi- .cates the grave of Robert Allen, S.L. (d. 1854) and Lydia his wife. At N..E. corner are remains of a decayed cross, noting 3 1 5 burials from ;the ravages of the plague in 1636. No one should omit to visit the elevated Terrace on the brow of the shill overlooking the Wye, adjoin- ing the ch.-yard, and the grounds of the hotel, called " the Prospect,'' of which Kyrle held a lease. Hia s 258 Boute 36. — Boss : Environs, Sect. III. favourite walk extends near a mile beyond the church -yard. Here stood the conduit which was supplied with water from the river by an engine at his expense. "From the dry rock who bade the water flow ?" " He feeds the almshouse, neat yet void of state, Where Age and Want sit smiling at the gate," refers to the Rudhall almshouses, which stand at a corner of the ch.- yard. The old Marliet-House, raised on open arches, built of local sandstone 1670, in which " the Man of Ross divided the weekly bread," is now used principally for holding Petty Sessions and County Courts. Close to it is the mansion, one of the largest in the town, now divided into 3 tenements, of John Kyrle. The house in which Chas. I. passed the night is in Church-lane. Environs. Pleasant field paths radiate from the churchyard, and lead to Walford, and to Goodrich ferry, which may be crossed to reach the Castle, 4 m. Also along the valley by road to Wilton Bridge and Castle, J m. See Rte. 38, § B. One of the mo^ attractive excur- sions from Ros& is that to Symond^s Yat, the most striking point on the Wye, which may be reached by rail in J an hour. (Route 38, § C.) Lincoln Hill (Miss Beeston). The Chase (Sir James Fitzmayer, K.C.B.). Springfield (Captain Verschoyle). 2 m. S.W. The Hill Court (Capt. Manley Power) is approached by a noble avenue of elms, some in full vigour, others evidently past their prime. Some of them are 15 ft. in circumference. Cuhherley (Mrs. Hutchinson Col- lins). Among a large collection of paintings is a spirited portrait of The Man of Ross,'' by Kneller. 1. m. Rudhall (Lady Julia Ho- ward), an old timber mansion of that extinct family, and now the pro- perty of Lord Ashburton. It was erected by Wm. Rudhall, A.G. to Edward Pr. of Wales, son of Hen. VI., whose badge, a plume of feathers enclosed in a garter, and also the badges of the house of Lancaster, are inserted in various places. On an elaborate Perpend, door is a scroll with the legend " In Dno. confido" Some old carved barge - boards remain on the gables. An ancient chapel, long disused and converted to secular purposes, has elaborately carved beams. The family of Rud- hall held lands under the Abbey of Gloucester in this locality soon after the Conquest, and this estate con- tinued in the possession of their des- cendants until 1830. Col. Wm. Rud- hall, who is traditionally said to have caused the arch of Wilton Bridge to be cut to delay the march of Fair- fax's army through Gloucester en route for the West, dying unmarried, the estates were divided between the children of his six sisters, and Rud- hall thus passed toH. R. Westfaling, whose mother had been the eldest of these ladies. Mr. Westfaling's name occurs in the list of persons intended for the Order of the Royal Oak. He sat in Parliament for Hereford. On the decease, in 1784, of tlie Rev. James Westfaling, this property devolved upon his only child, who married Thomas Brereton, Esq., of Edgeworth, near Cirencester. This gentleman assumed the name and arms of Westfaling, and d. in 1814, s. p. On the decease of his widow, Rudhall passed to the first Lord Ashburton, who had purchased the reversion of it from the heir-at- law. Railivays. Ross to Monmouth by Symonds Yat and the Wye (Rte. 38J. Ross to Gloucester. Heref. Boute 36. — Boss to Hereford, 259 Boss to Hereford — Rail. This line ascends the valley of the Wye without adhering to its wind- ings, which it crosses on bridges three times. 1 J m. N. Brampton Abbots Church, restored 1860, is entered under a Norm, arch with a plain tympanum, and the pillars of the chancel arch display a similar style of architec- ture. 3. m. The Old Gore Hill is com- posed of the old red sandstone, and the strata are highly inclined. 4 m. N. Perrystone, on an eminence overlooking the Wye (Mrs. G. Olive); and 4 m. N.E. Upton Bishop, Ear. Eng. church with fragments of Norm, work, S. aisle of later date. Crendon Court (Mrs. Chillingworth): Gay ton Hall (Misses Law son). 5 m. from How Caple Hill a pleas- ing prospect is obtained over the river into Irchenfield. The cruciform church, rebuilt by Sir W. Gregory, contains monuments of that learned judge (d. 1696), and of other members of his family. Capel Court (now a farmhouse) was the chief seat of the Capel family from the 12th centy. to 1667. 22 m. Faivley Stat., in a deep cutting of red sandstone. The Court, now a farmhouse, is a good specimen of an Elizabethan mansion. Sir John Kyrle, Bt., resided in it temp. Chas. I. Horworthy, 1 m. 1., a village on rt. bank of Wye, which is bridged here, has a very handsome and original modern Church of Lombard style. Aramstone (Wyndham Smith,Esq.\ a seat of the Woodhouse family, erected early in the last centy. Pennoxstone (Sir Edward Cludde Cockburn, Bt.). PouUtone Court (J. Ward Jones, Esq.). 2J m. Sollers Hope. This manor belonged during many generations to the family of Whittington, and disputes with Pauntley, in Glouces- tershire, the honour of being the birthplace of the famous merchant of his age — Sir Kichard Whitting- ton, Lord Mayor of London. Both estates were, at the period of his birth, the property of his father. The word " hope " is said to desig- nate a narrow valley between hills having but one outlet. The rly. is carried through a tun- nel of 530 yds., on emerging from which the Wye, which still pursues a very devious course, is again crossed by the rly. 3 m. rt. Caplar Hill, wooded to the water's edge. On its top is a double entrenched camp in a very perfect condition, which includes the whole summit, to the outline of which it is accommodated. Some have con- sidered this work to be British, but the more general opinion is that it belongs to a late period of Roman occupation. Under a clear sky a grand panoramic view of 60 m. dia- meter may be obtained. A consider- able portion of the stone for building the Cathedral of Hereford was quar- ried here. In April, 1773, a remark- able landslip occurred on this slope (an event not uncommon in the Silu- rian strata) of 5 acres of land, which not only removed stones of consider- able weight, but carried trees in an upright and undisturbed position. " Landslips are in general simply subsidences caused by the sinkage and wearing away of soft and decom- posing materials when overlaid by solid and heavy masses of rock." — SiL 8ys. The Ballingham Tunnel, of 1200 yds., a heavy work on the opposite side, is then passed. 26 m. Holme Lacy Stat. On 1. Holme Lacy House (Earl s 2 260 Boute 36. — Holme Lacy House : Church, Sect. III. of Chesterfield), one of the most picturesque seats in the county. The mansion has three fronts with projecting wings, the N. and E. fronts being 200 ft. in length, while the S. front is 150. It contains some splendid apartments, especially the saloon, over the chimney piece of which there is some beautiful wood-carving by G. Gibbons ; indeed all the rooms on the ground-floor exhibit carvings by the same artist. There are paintings and family portraits by Holbein, Van- dyck, and Lely. The gardens, laid out in the Dutch style with yew- hedges in a straight line, are unal- tered, and are shown to the public on Tuesdays, from 10 till 1 p.m. during July, Aug., and Sept. In the reign of Edw. III. Thomas Scu- damore, younger son of Sir Peter Scudamore, of Upton Scudamore, Wilts, espousing the heiress of Gwyar, became a resident in Herefordshire, and his descendant obtained Holme Lacy by marriage with Clarice, the De Lacy heiress. The greater por- tion of the house was rebuilt by the 2nd Visct. Scudamore. Of this family John Scudamore, an esquire of the body to Hen. VIII., was M.P. for the county ; Sir James Scudamore, knighted for his bravery at the siege of Calais, is noted by Fuller as " a man famous and fortunate in his time," being a warm patron of the poet Spenser and the " Sir Scuda- more " of his ' Faery Queen.' John, his son, was created a baronet 1620 and Viscount Scudamore in 1628. He was Ambassador to France in 1634. He was the friend of Arch- bishop Laud, and the correspondent of Grotius, and in Aug. 1645 Charles 1. and his retinue were entertained by Lord Scudamore at this seat. He suffered severely for his loyalty during the Commonwealth. To him the county is indebted for the im- provement of its orchards and its breed of cattle. In allusion to the must's sur- passing worth as a cider apple, the local poet remarks : — " Yet let her to the Redstreak yield, that once Was of the sylvan kind, imcivilis'd, Of no regard, till Scudamore's skilful hand Improved her, and by courtly discipline Taught her the savage nature to forget ; Hence styl'd the Scudamorean plant; whose wine Whoever tastes, let him with grateful heart Respect that ancient loyal house." John, second Viscount Scudamore, sat in Parliament for the city and county of Hereford, and his son James, the 3rd Viscount, died in 1716, being one of the members for that city. This nobleman left an only daughter, who married first the Duke of Beaufort, and 2nclly Col. Fitzroy. By her last husband sne had an only child, who was wife of Charles, 11th Duke of Norfolk ; but dying issuele&s in 1820, her exten- sive property was divided among the several co-heirs, and Holme Lacy was obtained by Sir Edwyn Stan- hope, Bt. A noble and well-balanced tree, rather past its prime, known as " the monarch oak," stands on the ridge of this Park. The circumference of the bole at 5 ft. from the ground is 21 ft. 10 in. There is also a magnificent oak known as " The Trysting Tree." Its circumference at 3 feet from the ground is 27 feet 5 inches, and al- though past its prime it swells more than an inch annually. The Church, a building of early date, contains a variety of well-exe- cuted and elaborate monuments to the Scudamores. Near the parson- age is a remarkable pear-tree cover- ing a large space, and yielding at periods 14 hogsheads of perry ! A bridge of 3 arches connects the rly. with the district on the opposite bank of the river, which flows at the base of the Fown- hope hills, classic ground to the geologist. They are the outlying Heref. Boute 36. — Fownhope — Backhury Hill, 261 ridjjfes of the great Silurian valley of elevation, of which Wool hope, 5 m. E is the centre, a formation which has been well illustrated and explained by Sir K. Murchison. The high grounds are the upper Silurian beds the dome of Caradoc sandstone being on the other side of tliera. The whole of this elevation rises abruptly out of the old red sandstone, of which all the country round Hereford is com- posed. These hills are full of " faults," which are plentiful and conspicuous on their western side. On Oldbury Hill is " an oval camp" of consider- able size, protected on its south and western sides. Its enclosure is occupied by .Mgricultural produce, but the view from this spot is exten- sive and almost panoramic. 2 J m. Fownhope (Inh. 1150). The Court (T. C. Lechmere, Esq.), a timber n^ansion of the 16th-centy. date, on the slope of the hill. Thomas Lechmere, Esq., a cadet of the ancient family of the Rhydd, purchased this estate (then held of the Bishops of London), in the reign of Elizabeth. Roger Lechmere, in 1668, devised his property to his kinsman Edwyn Sandys L., a son of Mr. Baron Lechmere. Its Ear. Eng. Church, restored 1853, has a cen- tral Norm, tower, with a shingle sjiire of modern date, nearly 50 ft. in height. In the ch. is a pon- derous oaken coffer, cut out of a solid tree, and several tablets for the Lechmere family. Over the piscina is a needlework representation of the Last Supper. It is framed, and is a well-executed work of a lady now deceased. There is a curious piece of sculptured work outfiido the W. wall. The font is of the Decorated period of the 14th-centy, and was dug up from some neighbouring ruins when the ch. was restored. The W. and S.W. face of the ridge extending from Mordiford to Fown- hope is thrown up at the high angle of 60° to 65°. " The actual junction of the Ludlow rock along this fron- tier with the old red sandstane is for the most part obscured by detritus, which near Mordiford is a breccia, and in the plain of the Wye is a thick argillaceous alluvium." — Sil. Sys. Mordiford is the only locality where any amount of de'bris is col- lected of the immense masses of rock that have been denuded. 2 m. N. Sufton Court (R. Here- ford, Esq.), built of Bath stone, 1790, from the designs of Smirhe; the grounds were laid out by Repton. The prospect from the slopes on which the modern Sufton Court is situate is very fine. Old Sufton, now a farmhouse, is an interesting specimen of the timber houses of the 15th centy. The estate has been enjoyed by the ancestors of the present owner since a.d. 1230, and held, as Blount states, by the homage of presenting the king with a pair of gilt spurs when he passed across the river Lug, which unites with the river Frome above, and with the Wye below, the village of Mordiford. On the summit of Backhury Hill is a culmination of Aymestrey lime- stone, broken up into great masses, with deep cavities interposed be- tween them, known by the name of Atoms Rocks, and by rustics as Adani's. A splendid panoramic landscape opens on the view, and there is a strongly fortified camp of Roman construction, popularly called ^S'^. Ethelherfs Camp, that prince being supposed to have encamped here on his fatal visit to King Offa in 782. It has a double entrenchment to- wards the E. (767 ft.). Sir Roderick Murchison considered that the finest points of view in the Woolhope tract were those from the top of Seager Hill and Backhury Camp, the latter in particular, with May Hill in the distance. On leaving Holme Lacy Stat, the rly. is carried under Dinedor Hill 262 Boute 36. — Hereford — Barrs Court, Sect. III. on the summit of which is a Roman camp, supposed to have been formed by Ostorius Scapula, from whence a lovely view is obtained, causing it to be a favourite summer's walk with the townsfolk of Hereford. During the siege of Hereford in 1645, the Scot- tish army was encamped on this hill. On rt. Botherwas (C. D. Bodenham, Esq.) is passed, an old-fashioned red- brick house of the reign of George I. The Bodenham family suffered se- verely for their loyalty in the Civil Wars, and Koger B. was one of those named for the intended order of the Royal Oak. This estate came to the Bodenham family in the reign of Edw. in. by the marriage of Thomas Bodenham with Isabella, daughter of Walter de la Barr. The Wye is now crossed for the 5th time since the train quitted Ross. 30 J m. Hereford Junct. — Barrs Court Stat. This is the joint stat. of Railways to Shrewsbury : to Ross, Gloucester, and Monmouth : to Worcester. The Bailway to Abergavenny and Newport has a separate stat. on S. side of High St. Hereford, (Inns: Green Dragon, Broad St., near the Cathedral ; City Arms; Mitre.) 18,355 Pop. 2 M.P.s. This ancient city on 1. bank of the Wye, in the centre of its county, pleasantly situated amid diversified scenery, obtains its name from the British Henffordd — the old road." Leland writes : *' The towne of Hereford standeth somewhat lowe on every syde. There be Hills on the East and South. The name of it by some in Welsh is called Heur- ford, of an old ford by the castle, or ever the great bridge on Wye was made. The towne itself is in com- passe within the walls a good mile." The principal streets are wide, and contain excellent shops. The first bridge was erected over the river by order of Henry I., on the advice of Richard de Capella, Bishop of Here- ford, 1121-27. This building existed at Leland's visit, who remarks: — " Cumminge from Monmouth into Herford I passed over a large bridge of stone set on iiii arches. The towne is ancient, large, and strongly walled, also having a magne castel hard by the ripe of Wy. The walke of the towne is compassed with a dike al- ways filled with Morish water gether- ing and descending into hyt. Certen mylles served with this water causeth the Town Dikes alway to have water els they would often be dry. This water resorteth to the bottom of Wy." Some portions of the old walls of the city are standing, e.g., in Blue School Street. The SMre-hall,m St. Owen's Street, was opened for trials at the summer assizes of 1817. It was built from the designs of Smirhe. The portico, supported by 8 fluted Doric columns, is after that of the Temple of The- seus, at Athens. In front of it is a bronze statue of the Rt. Hon. Sir G. Cornewall Lewis, M.P. (d. 1863). The County-hall, 90 ft. by 48 and 36 ft. in height, has on its walls full-length portraits of Geo. III., by Levis ; Charles, 11th Duke of Nor- folk, by Lonsdale; Sir John Geers Cotterell, Bt., by Pichersgill; and a bust of Joseph Bailey, Esq., M.P. for the county, by E. Thomas, It was enlarged in 1866 by subscription, to afford greater accommodation at county meetings and the triennial musical festivals. In the Council-chamber of the Guildhall is a full-length likeness of Velters Cornwall, M.P. for Hereford- ' shire 1722-68, by Gainsborough ; and one of Joseph Hume, M.P. A Corn- Exchange in the Broad Street, and a Market-house in the centre of the city, have been erected, each building having a lofty clock- tower. A Free Library, is a building in the Gothic style in Broad St., oppo- site the W. entrance to the Cathedral Heref. Boute 36. — Hereford Cathedral, 263 Close. It was the gift of James Eankin, Esq., of Bryngwyn, to the city. The see, one of the oldest in the kingdom, has had a succession of bishops since a.d. 676. The ** Cathedral, injured by Wyalt, saved by Cottingham^ and restored by Sir G. G. Scott, R.A., is one of the most interesting buildings in Eng- land, exhibiting rich examples of Norm., Ear. E., and Dec. work. It was commenced by Bp. Losing (1079-95), a learned prelate, to re- place on a larger scale a church destroyed by the Welsh. On Whit- sunday, 1138, Stephen was crowned in it, and remained in the city for five weeks, notwithstanding it was nearly half burned. The various dates from the character of the ar- chitecture are probably as follows : — Norm. (1079-1115), piers of nave, choir as high as clerestory, and south transept (which has had Perp. altera- tions). Ear. E. (1250-1280), Lady- chapel and vestibule. Ear. E. (1282-1287), north transept. Geo- metrical (Ear. Dec. — 1287-1820), clerestory and vaulting of choir, eastern transept, upper part of central tower. Perp. (1516-1535), the outer portion of the north porch. The interior length of the build- ing is 327 ft., nave 158 ft., central transepts 146 ft., smaller transepts 110 ft. 6 in., Lady-chapel 93 ft., height of arches supporting central tower 68 ft. It consists of 7 bays, the massive Norm, piers of which have double half-shafts set against their N. and S. fronts. The capitals of the 4 nearest the choir have some rich foliage and knot-work of the same date. The aisles are of Dec. work. In 1786 the W. tower fell, carrying with it the W. front and greatly injm*ing the first bay of the nave. Wyatt's plan of rcdtoration was to replace the damage with a triforium, clerestory, and vaulting of his own invention. He shortened the nave by a whole bay and erected the present W. front. The cathedral is entered on its N. side by an ela- borate porch of two stages. The parvise chamber is lighted by 3 large windows with rich tracery. In a bay of South aisle is a Norman font, having a circular basin with figures of the Apostles beneath arches, a lion projecting from each corner of the base — an unusual ex- ample. In another bay of same aisle a fine alabaster effigy of Sir K. Pembridge, K.G., who was at Poic- tiers, removed at the Reformation from the ch. of the Black Friars. The sculpture of the armour is ex- cellent, and between the feathers and the helmet is a coronet of roses. The garter is on the left leg. The right leg was restored at the cost of the Venerable the Lord Saye and Sele. There is a Brass to Kichard Phelps, Mayor of Here- ford, 1532, and Anne his wife. In N. aisle the effigy of Bp. Booth, mitred and fully vested (by whom the N. porch was built), lies under a foliated arch with canopy protected by its original iron-work banded with shields and heraldic ornaments. A stained-glass window by Warring- ton is a memorial to Canon Glutton and his wife. Its nine medallions illustrate the life of John the Bap- tist. A magnificent screen of metal work painted and gilt, separates the choir from the nave. It was executed by Skidmore, from designs of Sir G. G. Scott, R.A. Its extreme lightness permits the use of both tower and transept for congregational purposes. It consists of 5 main arches, each subdivided by a slender shaft. The central arch, wider and higher than the rest, forms the entrance, and is surmounted by the cross. In the tympanum above the* shaft which divides the centre arch is the figure of the Saviour with hands ! outstretched in blessing. The seven j br mze figures were sculptured by Boulton. The massive gates are in- 264 Bouie 36,— Hereford Cathedral Sect. ITI. scribed with the words " Gloria in Excelsis " and " Laus Deo.'* This screen was wrought by hand, and is composed of 11,200 lbs. of iron, 500 lbs. of copper and brass, 50,000 pieces of vitreous and other mineral substances in the mosaic panels, and 300 cut and polished stones. The interior walls of the central tower, 161 ft. to the top of the pin- nacles, now visible from below, " are of a very singular construction ; 12 piers of compact masonry on each side, besides angle piers, are carried up to the height of 26 ft., and con- nected halfway up by a horizonal course of stone, in long pieces, and by an iron bar which runs all round immediately under this bonding course. Upon these gigantic stone gratings the interior wall of the tower rests, and they also carry the entire weight of the bell-chamber and bells : this construction was entirely adopted for the sake of lightness.*' — Willis. Cottingham found this tower so dilapidated that he had to shore it up, to remove all the addi- tions since the Norman period, and to rebuild them according to their original design. The date of it is placed circ. 1308, after the completion of the N. tran- sept. The main arches of the Choir are of 3 orders, and spring from massive com- posite piers with broad square bases. The triforium in each bay consists of one wide Norm, arch circumscrib- ing 2 smaller, divided by a central shaft and springing on either side from 2 massive semicircular piers with capitals. The vaulting is plain quadripartite with bosses of leafage at the intersections. The Choir has an unusually gloomy and solemn appearance, occasioned partly by the heavy Norm, architecture, and partly from the lofty transepts which pre- vent the admission of light except from the clerestory. The pavement has been laid in s(juare panels of red and green tiles with a border of green , stone. At the E. end of choir is a Norm, arch of 5 orders, within which the reredos is placed ; above this arch is a small blind arcade ; and 3 lancets were inserted at the back of the clerestory passage during the restoration in place of the large Dec. window. The central one, filled with stained glass by Hardman, repre- sents the Saviour in Majesty, the Crucifixion, and the Resurrection. The reredos, executed in Caen stone and Devonslnre marble by Boulton^ was designed by Cottingham, junior, as a memorial of Jos. Bailey, Esq., M.P. (d. 1850). Between the 5 canopied compartments rise small shafts supporting angels who carry the instruments of the Passion. The pierced leafage at the back of the canopy is very beautiful. The subjects in the panels are — the Agony in the Garden ; Bearing the Cross ; the Crucifixion, with floating angels above the cross; the Resur- rection and the three Marys at the Sepulchre. At the back is a pier having a broad tympanum closing the upper part of the Norm, arch, covered with modern sculpture. Under the figure of the Saviour is that of Ethelbert, whose murdered body is said to have been interred at this spot. The old chair of Byzantine character, supposed to have been made for Bp. Raynelm (1107-15), is traditionally said to have been sat in by King Stephen. Few cathedrals exhibit a greater variety of episcopal and clerical costume in the numerous brasses and effigies of the ecclesiastics buried within its walls. Of the Brasses, that of Bp. Trilleck (1360) on the chancel floor is especially good. On N. side is the effigy of Bp. Stanbury (1474), wearing the alb, stole, and chasuble, on an altar-tomb having on the panels towards the aisle fio^ures of saints and angels bearing shields. That of Bp. Bennet (1617) wears the rochet and close black cap; another is supposed to be a GKOUND-PLAN OF HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. REFERENCES. A North Porch. B Nave. C Font. D West Front. (The outline shows the extent of the Norman nave before the lall of the western tower.) E E Nave-aisles. F Central Tower. G Choir. H North Transept. I North Choir-aisle. K North-east Transept. L Vestibule of Lady-Chapel. M Lady-Chapel. N South-east Transept. 0 South Choir aisle. P P Rooms usf d as Vestries. Q South Transept. RR Cloister. S Site of Chapter-house. T Vicars' Cloister. U Porch and Staircase to Crypt. V Site of Norman Chapel. 1 EfiSgy of Sir Richard Perabridge. 2 Door in ('loister. 3 Choir-screen. 4 Effigy of Bishop Stanbury. 5 Pedestal of the Cantilupe Shrine. 6 Tomb of Bishop d'Aquablanca. 1 Door of Chapter Library. 8 Bishop Stanbery's Chantry. 9 Tomb of Bishop Swinfield. 10 Effigy of Dean Berew. 11 Effigy of a Knight of the Bohun family. 12 Effigy of .Joanna de Bohun. 13 Audley Chapel. 14 Monument of Bishop Mayhew. 15 Tomb of Sir Alexander Denton. Scale of 100 ft. to 1 in. Heref. Boute 36. — Hereford Cathedral. 267 memorial of Bp. Giles de Bruce (1215). The stalls are Dec, and the ornaments of the shafts supporting the canopies are very good. The N. Transept, the finest and most imposing portion of the Cathe- dral, was built to receive the shrine of Cantilupe. Its magnificent and impressive geometrical window is filled with stained glass in memory of Archdeacon Lane Freer (d. 1863). This glass, designed and erected by Messrs. Hardman, was inserted at a cost of 1800Z. raised by subscription of the Freemasons of the county. It is the largest of the geometric period in England. This transept has been most effectively restored. The stonework is freed from white- wash, and the quadripartite vault- ing has been touched with colour, and the bosses gilt with excellent effect by Mr. Hudson from designs of Sir G. G. Scott, B.A. The floor- ing consists of red and green tiles on panels, the divisions being marked in grey sandstone. The pedestal of the shrine of Bishop Cantilupe alone remains. It is marble, having two divisions, the lower closed like an altar -tomb, the upper a flat canopy supported on small open arches. Upon this rested the actual shrine containing relics of the saint. It was once covered with jewels and gifts of wealthy pilgrims. Eound the lower division are figures of Knight Templars in various attitudes, all fully armed in chain mail, seated and treading on various monsters. On a bracket against the wall is an alabaster half-effigy of Bishop Field (d. 1630). On the floor a slab with effigy of Dean d'Aquablanca (d. 1320). Under the large N. window is the richly canopied tomb of Bishop T. Charlton (d. 1369), and near it the effigy of Bishop Westfaling (d. 1602). In the pavement adjoin- ing the choir-aisle, a very good small brass has been inserted for John Philips (d. 1708, aged 32), whose family were natives of Here- fordshire, although the poet was bom at Bampton, in Oxfordshire, of which place his father was rector. The tomb of Bishop d'Aqua- blanca (1240-68) is remarkable for the beauty and minuteness of its details. The effigy lies under a rich and sharply pointed canopy in three divisions, supported by slender shafts of Purbeck marble. The gables of the canopy are crowned with floriated crosses, the central one bearing the figure of the cruci- fied Saviour. This is the most noteworthy monument in the Cathe- dral. " The beauty of it consists not so much in its general effect as in the delicacy and refinement of its detail." — Henman. In the N. choir aisle a window above the effigy of Bishop de Mapenore (d. 1219) is filled with stained glass by Clayton and Bell, as a memorial of Mr. John Hunt and his nephew, who died within 3 days of each other (1842). Bishop Stanhury's Chantry (1453- 1474) is a good example of rich Late Perp. It is 16 ft. by 8 ft. ; with 2 windows on the N. side, filled with stained glass. The W. end is covered with fan -tracery and various shields in panels ; and the E. end has also shields with emblems. The stained glass in the windows form part of the Musgrave Memorial. They con- sist of 18 sepamte subjects. The vaulting is richly groined. At the angles of the chapel are very gro- tesque capitals. In the aisle above the chapel is a Dec. window of 4 lights, filled with stained glass by Warrington, in memory of Archbishop Musgrave (d. 1863), representing eight principal events in the life of St. Paul. The N.E. transept has an octagonal pier, which rises in the centre and assists in supporting the vaulting, which retains some remains of frescoes. It contains a carved 268 Route 36. — Hereford Cathedral: Lady Chapel; Sect. III. marble altar-tomb by Farrer and Brmdley, bearing the effio^y in full canonicals, life-size in white marble, of Dean Dawes (d. 1867), by NoUe, and also a good modern brass carved by Hardman to the family of Terry. Against the wails of the transept are ranszed some coffin slabs, with floriated and enriched crosses found in various parts of the Cathedral, of imknown persons. In the Ambula- tory at the back of the choir is an inscription relating to the erection of the screen. A window, filled with ancient glass of 14th-centy. glazing, has been well restored and releaded by Warrington The figures, which deserve inspection, represent St. Katherine, St. Michael, St. Gregory, and St. Thomas of Canterbury. In S. wall, under a plain pointed arch, is the recumbent and well-sculptured effigy of Dean Berew (1462). He is dressed in the ancient cassock, above which is the surplice. The extre- mities of the canonical tippet are also depicted. The Lady Chapel, a beautiful specimen of Ear. Eng., rebuilt by Cottingham in 1850, lighted by 5 narrow lancet windows, is 45 ft. by 24 and consists of 3 bays on either side. Its E. front is filled with good stained glass by Gibhs, representing 21 events in the life of our Saviour, in memory of Dean Merewether (d. 1850), over whose place of burial is a slab of black marble with a brass plate by Hardman. The modern pavement is laid with red and green tiles in square panels. One E. win- dow on S. side is filled with stained glass of 14th-centy. character, re- moved from the Ch. of St. Peter. An effigy placed in a recess on N. side is assigned to Humphrey Bohun, Earl of Hereford, and also to Sir Peter de Grandison. The chain mail, indeed all the details, are worthy of notice. The four figures on rigiit and left were discovered by Dean Mere- wether behind the Choir Screen. In another recess is the effigy of Joanna de Bohun, Countess of Hereford (d. 1327), a perfect example of the cos- tume of that period. The eight windows on N. and S. side have been filled with stained glass by Gihhs as memorials of Canon Mor- gan (d. 1861) and members of his family, several of whom were succes- sively dignitaries of this Cathedral for upwards of a century. On the floor are brass figures of Richard Delamare, Esq. (1435) and his wife (1421) under a fine canopy with em- battled entablature ; and also one of a priest in a cope, for Canon Robert Jordan. Fragments of monumental brasses from various slabs are in- serted in the W. wall. The Audley Chantry, an excel- lent specimen of late Perp., is of two stages, access between them being afforded by a circular staircase. It is separated from the Lady Chapel by a stone screen, having figures of Saints, Martyrs, and Ecclesiastics represented on its panels. The vaulted ceiling, showing remains of rich colouring, and its other fittings deserve inspection. In the windows there are some fine relics of old glass. The windows in the walls of the vestibule of this chapel were found by Cottingham blocked up. They are of Transitional-Norm, construc- tion. In S.E. transept are monu- ments of Bishop Lewis de Charlton (d. 1369), Chancellor of Oxford Uni- versity ; Bishop Coke (1646) ; a stone with portion of a brass repre- sents Archdeacon Martyn (d. 1524) ; a very fine brass of Sir Richard Delabere (1513) and his two wives. He was Sergeant of the Hall to Henry VII. The N.E. window is filled with stained glass by Warring- ton, as a memorial of Bishop Hun- tingford (1815-32), at the cost of Lord Saye and Sele. The subjects relate to the life of St. Peter, and the figures are executed with care and skill. There is a bust of James Thomas, Esq. (d. 1757), attributed Heref. Boute 36. — Chapter Library, 269 to the chisel of Eouhiliac; ancient figure of St. John the Baptist with a modern head. A. brass plate records the removal of the coffin and monu- mental stone of Bp. Ironside (1701) from the Ch. of St. Mary Somerset, taken down in 1867, to this spot. Fragments of 8 brasses are affixed to the wall of this transept — the oldest ; of which is to Canon Ryall (d. 1428). I A window of very ancient glass con- tains figures of St. Mary Magdalene, I St. Ethelbert, St. Augustine and St. '\ George. In S. choir-aisle is the fine j large brass to Dean Frowcester (d. ■ 1529). Symbols of the Evangelists occupy the corners and on the sides are 6 figures of saints. There are effigies of 5 Norm, bishops. The ' carved woodwork above that of Bp. Losing is of early date and good workmanship. The tomb of Bishop Mayo (1504-16) has the panels in front filled with the figures of vari- ous holy persons. The figure, fully vested and wearing a jewelled mitre, well executed. The E. wall of the large S. transept is entirely Norm. The windows on S. side are Per- pend. It contains an altar- tomb with effigies in alabaster (the hands raised in prayer) of Alexander Denton, Esq., and Anne his first wife, daugh- ter of Eichard Wiilison, Esq., of Sugwas. The Chapter Library above the great N. transept has been tho- roughly restored. The Library con- sists of nearly 2000 vols., including many rare and early printed books, and 236 MSS., nearly all chained to the shelves in the fashion which existed in the time before printing. Among them are a copy of the Gospels in Anglo-Saxon, bequeathed by Athelstan (1050), the last Saxon bishop of this see ; a complete missal, * Secundum Usum Hereford.," of 1265. This interesting MS., lost during many years, was accidentally discovered at a shop in Drury Lane, and restored to the Librarv ; a series of Bibles from 1480 to 1*690 ; ' Le- genda Aurea.' of Caxton, 1483: ' Higden s Polychronicon,' by Wyn- ken de Worde, 1495 ; fine copy of 'No- nius Marcellus,' printed at Venice in 1476 by N. Janson; a very fine early Terence ; Wycliffe Bible ; Lyndewood's * Constitutiones Provin- <;iales,' 1483; 'Ptolomsei Geogra- phia, 1486. A *Map of the Worldy one of the most remarkable geographical records in existence, is preserved under glass. It was compiled by Kichard de Haldingham, about 1313, and is on vellum. It has been litho- graphed by the Geographical Society of Paris. The habitable earth is represented as a circular island, with the ocean flowing round it. Asia occupies the upper half : Europe the one quarter and Asia the other. In one corner is an appeal in Norm, verse, thus rendered by Rev. G. F. Townshend : — " May all who this faire historie Shall either hear, or read, or see. Pray to Jesus Christ in Deity Richard of Haldingham and Lufiford to pity, TIjat to him for aye be given The joy and happiness of heav'n." At the top of the map (the east) is represented paradise with its rivers and tree ; the eating of the forbidden fruit, and the expulsion of our first parents. Above is a remarkable re- presentation of the Day of Judg- ment, with the Virgin Mary inter- ceding for the faithful, who are seen rising from their graves and are being led within the walls of heaven, The map is filled with ideas from Herodotus, Solinus, Isidore, Pliny, and other ancient historians. There are figures of towns, animals, birds, and fishes, with grotesque creatures such as the mediaeval geographers believed to exist in distant parts of the world. The four great cities are made very prominent. Jerusalem as the centre of the world ; Babylon, with its famous tower ; Rome, the * There is also an English one published here. 270 BouteSQ, — Hereford: Crypt; Castle Green ; Sect. III. capital of the world. In Great Bri- tain most of the Cathedrals are marked down. But of Ireland the author seems to have known very- little. Among the geographical points noted are the Columns of Hercules — the Labyrinth of Crete — Joseph's Granaries in Egypt — the House of Bondage — The Journeys of the Children of Israel — Red Sea — Mount Sinai, with a figure of Moses and his supposed place of Burial — The Phoenix — Jews wor- shipping — the Molten Image — Lot's Wife — Noah's Ark — Warriors in Combat with a Griffin — Scythian Cannibals, &c. The Crypt, called Golgotha, ex- tends under the whole of the Lady Chapel. It is the solitary example in an English Cathedral of a crypt constructed after the end of the 11 th centy. It is entered by a porch open- ing on a staircase lighted by plain lancets, and consists of a nave and aisles 50 ft. long, and divided by plain clustered shafts. It was re- paired in 1497 by Andrew Jones, whose altar-tomb, covered by an in- cised slab, with elaborate decorations, representing himself and his wife, stands in the centre. The organ, manufactured by Re- natus Harris in reconstructed by Davison under the direction of Sir F. Gore Ouseley, is ** of so ex- quisite a quality that few can equal, none can surpass it." The bishop's cloisters, of Perp. work, consist only of two walks, and were apparently constructed as a covered way from the episcopal resi- dence. In S. E. corner is a square tower called the " Ladies* Arbour," carefully restored. In this cloister are monuments to John Matthews, Esq., M.D. (d. 1S26\ Bishop Hunt- ingford (1832), Bishop Grey (d.l837), R. J. Powell, Esq. (1834). The re- mains of the chapter-house destroyed in the Civil Wars show that it was in shape a decagon of rich decorated character. On S. side of the Cathedral, and connected with it by a cloister 109 ft. long, the oaken beams of its roof being finely carved, is the College of Vicars Choral, a very interesting quadrangular building with an inner cloister. It is for the most part Perp., circ. 1472. Its spacious hall was erected by public subbcription in 1740. In the Cathedral Close are ten large elm-trees of 130 years' growth, measuring 9 ft. in circumference. The Episcopal Palace stands 8. between the Cathedral and the river, and is formed almost entirely out of an ancient Norm, hall, with pillars of timber. The Castle Green, a public walk overlooking the river, formed in 1753, on the site of the lower Bail of the castle, and commanding pleasing views, is open at all hours. In the centre is a column 60 ft. high, on an unfinished pedestal, erected 1809, to commemorate Lord Nelson's vic- tories. This spacious and healthy promenade was formed by public subscription. The noble elms, 21 in number, are exhibiting symptoms of decay. They measure on the average 12 ft. in circumference, and were planted on the formation of the walks. At Leland's visit in 1538 he found the walls of this castle " high and stronge and full of great towres, but the wholl castle tending towards mine. It had been one of the fayrest, largest, and strongest castles in England." All Saints Church has a tower surmounted by a lofty spire 212 ft. 4 inches from the ground. Some carved stalls in the chancel, of 16th centy. work, are curious and well executed. Its spire was repaired and the weathercock refixed in 1871 by a skilful and experienced artist, Mr. Frith of Coventry, whose fear- less operations were watched with wonder, interest, and anxiety by the inhabitants. At the end of the High Town is a Heref. Bonte S6» — Coningsby Hospital ; History. 271 fine specimen of an old timbered I John of Jerusalem. These remains, house, the only remaining portion of once much neglected, are kept in The Butchers' Bow. It was built in 1620, from the designs of John Abel, whose skill has left its marks all over Herefordshire. It was re- stored, 1833, and converted into a Bank. Beyond it is St. Peter's Church, with a lofty tower and spire at the E. end of the S. nave aisle. There are some good 15th-centy. stalls in its chancel, which has been restored. The other churches of Hereford are of recent date. The Water-works on Broomy Hill are a favourite resort of pedestrians, and near them is a new cemetery. In the Widemarsh suburb, not far from the Barrs Stat., are the ruins of the Black Friars Monastery, founded 1276, with an interesting relic of that religious order, an hexagonal ^Preaching Cross of cinquefoil arches open on each side, and standing on a ilight of steps. In the centre is a shaft. The cross, branching out into ramifica- tions, forms the roof, and passing through it, appears at the top in a mutilated state. Adjoining these ruins is Coningsby Hospital, founded in 1614 by Sir T. Coningsby, as a retreat for the worn- out soldier and the superannuated faithful servant. The society con- sists of a chaplain, corporal, and 10 servitors. By the founder's directions each servitor on his admission is to be supplied with *' a fustian suit of ginger colour, of a soldier -like fashion, and seemly laced ; a cloak of red cloth lined with red baize, and reaching to the knee, to be worn in walks or journeys ; and a gown of red cloth, reaching to the ankle, lined also with baize, to be worn within the hospital.*' From this peculiarity of costume this establishment is locally known as " the Bed Coat HospitaV — The building was a commandery belonging to the Knights of St. order for public inspection at the expense of J. H. Arkwright, Esq., by whose liberality they have been restored under the directions of Sir G. G. Scott, B.A, This suburb is part of a large extent of flat ground reaching to the slope of the Holmes bank, called in the earliest records the Wide-marsh, whence Edward I. made his memor- able escape. The Prince being de- tained prisoner at Hereford by Simon de Montfort, obtained permission to ride on the open plain outside the walls, when, having tired the horses of hiti guard by the amusement of racing, he mounted a fresh steed, concealed in an adjoining thicket by the contrivance of Lady Mortimer, and, outstripping his retinue, was able to reach Dinmore Hill, where a party of Royalists awaited his arrival, and rendered further pursuit useless. He was warmly welcomed at Wigmore Castle, where vigorous measures then planned led to the victory at Evesham, and restored Henry III. to liberty. 1 m. W., on the road to Brecon, is '■'The White Cross a flight of steps, surmounted by an hexagonal shaft, erected by Bp. Lewis Charlton, in gratitude for the departure of the black plague in 1347, in this spot, where markets had been held during its continuance. A new shaft and cross have been placed on the old base from the designs of Sir G. G, Scott, B.A., at the cost of the Lord Saye and Sele. History, Herefordshire, though often fa- voured with visits by the Planta- genet kings, has not experienced royal attention since the Restora- tion. Stephen with his army retook the castles of Weobley and Here- ford, which were held against him by the supporters of the Empress Maud, On this occasion he attended 272 Boute SQ,— Hereford : History ; Worthies. Sect. III. the cathedral in great pomp. The incursions of the Welsh compelled Henry II. to enter the county with an army to retaliate upon them. King John retired to Hereford in 1216 when his kingdom was invaded by Prince Louis of France. After the battle of Lewes Prince Edward was brought prisoner to Hereford, from whence he eifected his memor- able escape. In 1326 Queen Isabella came from Gloucester with her army, and with sanguinary pleasure ordered the execution of the Earl of Arundel and the younger Despencer. Edward III., accompanied by the Black Prince, three archbishops, and an impressive retinue of prelates and nobles, came to Hereford to attend the dedication of the church of the monastery of the Black Friars which had been during many years delayed. In the Wars of the Koses the im- portant victory of Mortimer's Cross was accomplished by soldiers under the command of Edward IV. In 1643 Charles 1. marched with his army from Worcester, and, having raised the siege of Hereford, pro- ceeded to Kaglan Castle. In the Civil Wars, Hereford, then well for- tified, was garrisoned for the King, but surrendered to Sir Wm. Waller in 1643, without a struggle, upon very liberal terms, after the defeat of Lord Herbert at Gloucester. The Parlia- mentary army having quitted with- out caring to retain possession, it was re-occupied by the Royal party, and strongly garrisoned by Barnabas Scudamore, who was thus enabled to resist a siege by the Earl of Leven and the Scottish troops in July, 1645. On the approach of tlie Royal army the siege was raised, the earl's troops retreating towards Gloucester. In December following the city was cap- tured by the stratagem of Col. Birch. The country people having been sum- moned by the governor to assist in repairing the fortifications, 6 soldiers in the disguise of labourers, upon letting down the drawbridge, passed across with their concealed weapons, killed some of the guard, and kept the rest in play until, a large party of comrades coming up, Col. Birch became master of the city with small loss. Eminent Natives. — Roger Here- ford, a writer on astroLomy in the reign of Henry II.; Miles Smitli, Bishop of Gloucester (1612-24). who bore an active share in the transla- tion of the Bible, was the son of an arrow maker; John Gwillim, the heraldic writer; John Davies, a celebrated penman and writing- master to Prince Henry ; John Gethinge, his pupil and follower in the art of caligraphy. Of these two Dr. Fuller facetiously remarks: — " Sure am I that when two such transcend ant penmasters thall again be born in the same shire, th«^y may even serve fairly to f^n gross the will and testament of the expiring uni- verse." Nell Gwynne, by tradition, lived in Pipe Lane, and David Gar- rick at an inn, then known as the Angel, in Widemarsh Street, in 1716. Hereford has contributed a title to the English peerage from an early date. The earldom of Hereford was created before the Conquest It was given by Wm. I. to his relative Wm. Fitz-Osborne ; by Henry 1. to Milo, Earl of Brecknock; by Stephen to De Bossu. Henry 11. restored it to Roger, eldest son of Earl Milo. Humphrey de Bohun obtained the title by marrying tbe heiress, and it merged in the crown on the acces- sion to the throne of their descendant as Henry IV. In 1550 Sir Walter Devereux, a very distinguished soldier, was created Viscount Hereford, a title now enjoyed by his sixteenth suc- cessor, who is also the premier viscount in the English peerage. " Few cities have improved more rapidly than Hereford during the Heref. Boute 37. — Ross to Hereford, 273 last few years ; its streets have been enlarged, its pavements widened, old obstructions have been removed, new houses have been built, new shops opened, and plate glass has become general, not to mention those great unseen improvements — complete drainage and water supply — and yet what is the general effect on the city? It has been improved for commercial purposes, but its pic- turesque features have been swept away. Its old market-house has been carried off, its pretty gables cropped off, its projecting porticos knocked down, its old timber houses plastered over, until nothing of in- terest is left except the contents of its shop windows." — Woolhope Club Proc. ROUTE 37. ROSS TO HEREFORD By Koad. 14 miles. Some of the places on this and the following routes could be plea- santly taken on a drive by road from Monmouth to Hereford by Welsh Newton, where there is an interest- ing ch. It would include Pembridge Castle, St. Weonad'St and Treago. Another cross route nearly following the county boundary would take the tourist by Garway and Kentchurch from Monmouth to Pontrilas Stat. This portion of the county was the once famous district of Irchen- IG., W. & Jff.] field, in which, according to popular belief, no snakes are to be found. On the arrival of the Normans it was inhabited by an almost wholly Welsh population governed by laws and customs of their own. The part known as the Byelands, formerly supposed to be incapable of pro- ducmg wheat, acquires its dry agri- cultural character from the presence of sandstone above the conglome- rate," say some authorities ; but this must be doubtful, as on the adjacent hills the conglomerate seems to overlie the sandstone. On leaving the hamlet of Wilton, and its Castle, described in Rte. 38,. § B., at 1 m. on rt., Bfidstow, Dec. Church, with Norm, arch and perpen- dicular tower, restored 1861. In the N. wall of the chancel is a small altar- tomb, brought from Wilton Castle. It is a solid slab, 30 in. long and 14 in. broad ; also a curious stone chesty one of those used in early times for the interment of hearts. A lane by Bridstow Ch. on the rt. leads to Foij^ 4 m. A little beyond this the two roads to Hereford fork ; that to the rt. is a mile shorter, hillier, less fre- quented but more picturesque. It has on the rt. Morastone (G. Hat- field, Esq.) ; Dadnor (A. Armitagp, Esq.) ; Wilton Dale (J. Kyrle Col- lins, Esq.). 2 m. further on the rt. the Ear. Eng. church of Peterstow, with a Norm, chancel and nave ; it stands on the site of a ch. consecrated, ac- cording to Liber Landavensis, by a Bp. of Llandaff prior to the reign of K. Harold. 4 m. Foy. This parish is made a peninsula by the abrupt sweep of the river, valuable as a salmon fishery. There is a ferry near the churchyard. Foy Church, a building of the Dec. period, stands on the bank of the river. Some Perp. windows are inserted in the nave, which has a timber roof that will repay notice. The rood-screen is not only T 274 Boute 37. — Pengethley — Hentland. Sect. III. unusually perfect, but of excellent workmanship. Over the doorway is the carving of the Lamb with a Cross. The E. window, of 4 lights, is filled with stained glass, and the chancel is occupied with memorials in marble of departed owners. It is a copy of a window put up at Sel- lack by Lord Scudamore as a memo- rial of his uncle Kowland S. The tower is lofty, and of a substantial character. There is an ancient stone sarcophagus, which was dug up in the ch.-yard a few years since. At Foy there is an iron suspension bridge. In the parish are the man- sions of Ingeston and Perristone. Ingeston was the property of the ancient family of Abrahall. Perri- stone was purchased of Col. Morgan Clifford by the late Geo. Clive, Esq., sometime M.P. for Hereford. 4 m. Passing White Cross and pursuing the road to the left for Hare wood is Pengethley (Gen. Cahu- sac, tenant). This estate belonged in the reign of James 1. to Edward Powell, a master of the Court of Bequests, who was created a baronet in 1622. He erected a mansion here. At his death, in 1653, he was suc- ceeded by his nephew, William Hin- son, who assumed the name of Pow- ell and obtained a baronetcy in 1661. His only daughter married Sir John Williams, Bart., of Eltham, in Kent, and their daughter Penelope con- veyed this estate to her husband, Thomas Symonds, Esq., of Sugwas, and it continues with their descend- ant. The present house, in a charm- ing situation, was erected on the site of the old mansion in 1826, and the quaint old hall no longer exists. There is a collection of family por- traits by Lely, Kneller^ and later artists ; -psLinlingshj Snyder s ; Land- scape in Italy, Wilson ; Princes Ku- pert and Maurice, Vandyck ; David with Head of Goliath, Ang. Kauff- man ; Sir Peter and Lady Vanlore, 1582 ; the Duke of Marlborough and Duke of Berwick habited as Field Marshals with batons. Two well- executed crayon heads by Ashfield, of Izaak Walton and Charles Cotton, bearing the initials of the artist, and date 1674. 3 J m. Turning to rt. at White Cross, and also in Sellach parish, on the rt. bank of the river, is Caradoc (E. Caddick, Esq.), a fine Eliza- bethan mansion of the Scudamore family, whose crest was depicted on the panels of the entrance-hall. It has been restored and enlarged by its present owner, who purchased this property from the Digby family, to whom it passed on the death of the Duchess of Norfolk in 1820. Sellack Ch., dedicated to St. Tese- liacus, was extended in 1841. It contains monuments to the Pengeth- ley family and the Scudaraores. West of Sellack and N. of Pen- gethley, a little to the rt. of the road from White Cross to Hereford, is 4 m. Hentland, from the British Hen (old), Llan (church). Although this small parish had a Church long before the Conquest, the present edifice is modern. Near the porch are the remains of the preaching- cross — 3 ft. of shaft standing in a massive socket. On this shortened shaft is reinstated the ancient finial. On its 4 sides there are niches. On W. is a much-defaced draped figure ; on E. is a crucifix ; on S. side a male figure of St. John ; and on the N. a figure of the Virgin ; The ch. is dedi- cated to St. Dubricius, the evangelist of Archenfield. In the ch.-yard is a healtliy yew-tree still growing, planted in 1615 — on the ground-level it is 12 ft. in girth. Kynaston House (Major-General Broadley Harrison) occupies an ele- vated position over the Wye. In this parish is the site of a Koman outpost, commanding an extensive panoramic view. Kynaston Ch. is a Byzantine edifice with an apse, and is worth notice. The former unin* Heref. Boute 37. — Gillow Manor — Barewood. 275 teresting building was converted thus at the expense of the incum- bent. Turning to the left a little past Pengethley a rough by-road leads to Gillow Manor (now a farmhouse), an interesting specimen of the do- mestic architecture of the 14th centy. The low entrance tower command- ing the bridge by which access was found to a quadrangle remains ; besides the hall, of ample dimen- sions, and panelled, containing a massive oak table many centuries old. An effigy of a man dressed in costume of the time of Henry V. was perhaps removed from the chapel, of which one window remains in the S. wall of the house. Nearly due S. of Gillow, thread- ing a by-road past Michael Church, is Tretire Church, which is of great antiquity. In the vestry are the remains of a Roman altar made up of two fragments, one of which was found in situ, the other in a cottage near. The inscription on it reads, *' Deo Trivio Beccicus donavit aram." Passing Tretire by a road to the W. tourist reaches St. Weonard's, a late Perpendicular ch., with much painted glass. A large mound close to the ch. was opened in 1855, and found to be of a sepulchral character. A little S. of St. Weonard's is Tre- ago, a unique specimen of a fortified mansion of the 13th centy., somewhat like the continental houses figured by Viollet-le-Duc. It forms a square with a tourelle at each corner, pierced witii eyelet holes. It is about 64 ft. square. It contains curious secret passages, one called " Pope's hole," supposed to have occasionally shel- tered a recusant priest. Tiie old hall on the N. side, now a kitchen, is still perfect, its timbers and arches resembling those in Westminster Hall. The entrance porch is temp. Henry VIII. The 4 small low doors, with angular heads not more than 2 ft. wide, like those at Goodrich and Wilton, should be noticed, also curious masons' marks. The manor has been held from the time of a Mjmors of Treago, keeper of St. Briavel's Castle, temp. Edward II., by that family. 6 m. Harewood (Rev. Fred Vin- cent). In his poem of Elfrida Mason assigns this locality for the forest in which the Earl Ethelwold was assassinated, a.d. 968, by King Edgar. This estate belonged to the Knight Templars, and to their suc- cessors the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem. At the dissolution of religious houses it was granted to one Browne, of whose family it was purchased soon after the Restoration by Sir Bennet Hoskyns, M.P. for the city and county of Hereford, 1656-60, who was created a baronet 1676, and died 1680. His eldest son, Sir John Hoskyns, a Master in Chan- cery, was one of the early Presi- dents of the Royal Society.* He sat in parliament for Herefordshire in 1685, and his son. Sir Hungerford H., from 1716-22. It was in conse- quence of his defeat at the general election in the latter year that his patron and neighbour, the Duke of Chandos, sold his estates in this county to the governors of Guy's Hospital — " to punish the county for rejecting his candidate." Among the pictures in the mansion is a c^e/ d^ceuvre of Murillo, and a portrait of Sir John Hoskyns by Kneller. In the grounds are some forest trees of remarkable growth. " The Garden-oak," though considerably past its prime, measures 23 ft. 9 in. in girth at 5 ft. from the ground. A Spanish chestnut, known as " the Echo tree," is remarkable for its size and the character of its bark, as well as for its singular peculiarity of responding by echo. The trees in "the Beech Grove" are nearly 100 ft. in height. The chapel was erected in 1864, on the site of an ancient building, in the Norm, and Ear. Eng. styles, T 2 276 Boute 38. — Boss to Monmouth. Sect. III. from designs of T. JET. Rushfortli. It is without a chancel, and has a mor- tuary cloister, surmounted by cinque- foil windows. The W. end Las 2 windows, filled with stained glass, by Clayton and Bell, presented by Lord and Lady Hatherley, one re- presenting " The Baptism," and the other " Christ with Little Children." At the E. end are 3 lancet-headed windows, filled with stained glass by Rardman and Powell, the gift of Mrs. Philips, representing " Christ in -Majesty." "The Triumph of St. Michael,*' and '* The Divine Healer.'' The groined ceiling is a finely- executed piece of geometrical work- manship. At Hoarwithy, a populous hamlet, the river is crossed by an iron bridge. At the N. end, overlooking the Wye, is the Church, of Lombard architecture and half campanile. It is triapsal, entered through a cloistered portico. It was built by the Kev. — Poole, 1873-80. Near it is Llanfrawther, a retired spot, in which a noted British semi- nary once flourished under the pre- sidency of St. Dubritius. 65 m. Llandinaho. 7 m. on rt., Llanwarne, a large parish, in which are Lyston Court and Broomy Close Court (Captain Bosanquet, R.N.). 8 m. Much Birch village. Birch House (George Vernon Bankes, Esq.). Near this parish is Acon- hury Hill (719 ft. in height), covered with wood, commanding a very ex- tensive and diversified prospect over the rich vale of Hereford. The road is brought by an easy descent down the hill, and passes through ^hat was the once exten- sive foreet of Haywood. Some fine old oaks standing near the Hay- wood farm are the only relies of the olden time. Aeonhury, between the 2 roads to Hereford, is a sequestered spot buried in woods, formerly the property of the Brydges family, but sold with the rest to Guy's Hospital by the D. of Chandos, The Ch., re- stored by Scott, contains a monument to James Lord 0. A little further on, almost in the angle of the roads, Bullingham Court (Rev. E. H. Da- niel). 2^ m. Graftonhury (Capt. R. Henry De Winton). 1 m. Poole House (Miss Guthrie). Hereford Stat, in Rte. 29. ROUTE 38. THE RIVER WYE. ROSS TO MON- MOUTH. A. By Road— through Goodrich Village and Whitchurch. B. By the River — Wilton Castle — Goodrich Castle — Coldwell Rocks — Symonds Yat. C. By Ross and Monmouth Rail- way — through English Bicknor, Lydbrook, Symonds Yat, Mon- mouth. This interesting and picturesque journey may now be accomplished by (1) Road, (2) River, or (3 ; Rail- way ; but as the road runs for the most part at a distance from the river, most travellers prefer the rail or the river itself, and its course is therefore fully described under Sec- tions B and C. 1. By road the distance is 10 m. Leaving Ross by the Dock Pitch, traversing the causeway which once parted the vale " with shady rows of elms" planted by Kyrle, it reaches the Wye bridge and Wilton village. The piers of this bridge, erected 1599, are massive, and the voussoirs are locked with the keystone in an unusual manner, except in the arch Heref. Boute 38. — Goodrich Court; Church, 277 nearest Wilton, which was broken down in 1644 by Ool. Rudhall, to impede the advance of Col. Massie's forces. On the N. wall of the parapet is a quadrangular stone, having a sun- dial on each of its sides and these lines of advice : — " Eedeem thy precious time, Whicli pass so swift away ; Prepare thou for eternity, And do not make delay." Wilton Castle described, p. 278. Weirend (Col. Sleeman). The road to Monmouth, after cross- ing Wilton Bridge, turns southward and follows the river for 2 m., till it leaves it to ascend the hill at Pen- craig. Giewston Court (Col. Jackson). Mount Craig (Mrs. Jones). 4 J m. on 1. Pencraig Court (Rev. W. Holt Beever), overlooking the river. Goodrich Court (Harold Moffatt, Esq.), erected 1828-31, by Sir S. Eush Meyrick, to contain his un- rivalled collection of ancient armour, carved ivories, paintings, &c., now dispersed. It is approached by the Monmouth Gateway, an Edwardian arch, having drum towers, and high shingled roof. A drawbridge is crossed to the doorway, which is guarded by a portcullis, and flanked by two round towers. The plan comprises two courts. The bronze knocker and key-hole escutcheon, representing Samson destroying the Philistines, is the work of Giovanni de Bologna. After passing the Goodrich Court gateway a road to the 1. leads to Goodrich Village. A path up a lane and across fields leads in J m. to Goodrich Castle, described in Rte. 38, p. 279. The Church, a double bodied edifice^ contains a silver chalice of the work- manship of 1617, which belonged to Thomas Swift, vicar 1620-1656, grandfather of the Dean of St. Pa- trick's, by whom it was given to this parish. There is a very length- ened account given in the " Suffer- ings of the Clergy of the series of persecutions this gentleman's family experienced during the Civil Wars from that stony-hearted rebel Cap- tain Kyrle. At the Cross Keys Inn a lane leads to the curious " tripod " house built by the vicar, Thos. Swift, in his pros- perous days. It has 3 wings branch- ing out from a common central block, each ending in a tall and pictur- esque gable, one with large windows reaching from wall to wall. It bears his initials T. S., and the date 1636. Dean Swift thus describes it : " Its architecture denotes the builder to have been somewhat whimsical and singular, and very much towards a projector.'* — Autobiography. He was a staunch Eoyalist, and his house was 20 times pillaged, and his cattle driven away by the Parliament troops. Bocklands (J. M. Herbert, Esq.) ; Goodrich House. The Marquis of Ripon derives his title of Viscount from this parish. A road over the Kerne-bridge leads to the station of the Ross and Monmouth Rly., and to a road tra- versing the Forest to Chepstow. Near the river is a barn, the remains of Flanesford Priory, founded in 1347 by Richard Talbot, and at the disso- lution granted to George 4th Earl of Shrewsbury. Silas Taylor says there were vestiges of a ch. when he visited it. A hall has corbels like those at Goodrich, and has a door with a niche on either side, and another door below. The upper door is ap- proached by an external stair. On the 1. side of the road from Ross to Kerne Bridge on 1. bank of the Wye, at 3 m. distance, is Wythall, a black-and-white timbered house, with a staircase of oak winding round a single lofty stem and other features of interest. It is supposed to have been built by William Stratford, au 278 Boute SS.—Ganarew—The Wye Tour. Sect. 11. ancestor of its present owner, Capt. J. Stratford Collins. 6 m. Whitchurch village (Inn : Crown), pictuiesquely situated on the Wye and Garron, much fre- quented by anglers. In descending the wooded hill to Monmouth the etfect of an extensive landslip some years ago, thrusting the road out of its line, will be observed. 8 m. Ganarew. On rt. Sellers- hrook (Edmund Bosanquet, Esq.) ; on 1. Wyaston Leys (J. M. Banner- man, Esq.), a castellated mansion, placed on a most pleasing elevation above the Wye. On the top of the hill, in the park, is an observatory, of iron trestlework, 70 ft. in height, with an open winding staircase — from the top of which view of the Bristol Channel can be obtained. 10 m. Monmouth (Beaufort Arms, King's Head). Raglan Castle is 18 m. distant by rly. and road. (See Handbook for S. Wales,) 2J m. on the old road from Mon- mouth to Hereford, rises Buchholt Mountain^ on the S. spur of which is a strong British Camp, overgrown with underwood. Callow Hill (Capt. Tyler Griffin). 3J m. are the ruins of Fembridge Castle, the residence of Sir Kichard Peaibridge, K.G. (d. 1375). The remains are surrounded by a moat, 36 ft. wide, having on W. side a terrace 25 ft. in width, de- fended by a banquette of earth to prevent an enemy approaching near enough to discharge missiles through the windows. The general outline of the castle is a quadrangle having an entrance on the S. side, but the greater part of the buildings have disappeared, and those left have been more or less converted for the purposes of farm occupation. In the Civil Wars this place was garrisoned for the King, and taken by Massie iu 1644 ; it then belonged to Sir Walter Pye, M.P., of the Mynde. B. The Wye Tour. By the Kiver. At Ross, 30 pleasure boats are kept for this object at the Dock Pitch, and private wherries can be obtained. See Ross (Rte. 36). rt. and 1. mark the right and left banks of the river, to one turning his back towards its source. " In darkness and amid the many shapes Of joyless daylight; when the fretful stir Unprofitable, and the fever of the world Have hung upon the beatings of my heart — How oft in spirit have I turned to thee, 0 sylvan Wye ! Thou wanderer thro' the woods ! How olten has my spirit turned to thee." Wordsworth. Those who are fond of boating and like the exercise of rowing, and have plenty of time at their disposal, will do well to embark at Ross for Monmouth, or even Tintern, below which the Wye banks are muddy and the river tidal. The Railway line, however, while it conveys the traveller into the heart of the finest scenery, enables him to explore it in one half the time, while the traveller may halt on its banks as convenient. The Tourist by water from Ross meets the road at Wilton Bridge and loses it again at Glewston Ferry, a short distance above Goodrich Court, and sails down the current of " devious Vaga," which is so mean- dering that the distance thence to Ganarew, by road 4 m., is nearly 12 by water. The first part of the river from Ross is tame. The banks are low, and there is scarce an object worth attention except the ruins of Wilton Castle, rt., shrouded by a few trees." This venerable ivy-clad ruin (first erected in the reign of Stephen to defend the ford, and added to temp. Eliz.) was partially demolished in the Civil Wars. Its successive owners were Lords Grey de Wilton until A.D. 1555, when Lord Grey, a son of Heref. Boute 38. — Goodrich Castle, 279 Wm. Lord Grey, who, being a pri- soner in France, had previously en- deavoured to sell this and other es- tates to raise the sum demanded for his ransom, sold it to his cousin, a son of the first Lord Chandos, who probably made the addition which rendered the dwelling-house more pleasant. With his descendants it continued until 1723, when it was sold by the Duke of Chandos to the Governors of Guy's Hospital. It is quadrilateral ; the south wall and towers have disappeared, but on the other sides four towers, three of them round, and the other pentago- nal, remain. The windows on the W. side belonged to a spacious hall of Eliz. date. On the E. side is a semicircular bastion. A moat, 60 ft. in width, but probably always a dry moat, surrounds three sides of the ruins. It was purposely burnt down by the Koyalists, Sir Barnabas Scudamore and Sir Henry Lingen, in the Civil Wars, to punish its then owner, Sir John Brydges, for hesitat- ing between the opposing factions. It cured him of neutrality, for he ** continued their enemy to his dying day." A handsome bay, with mul- lions and transoms next the river, blackened by fire, corroborates the destruction of the banqueting hall. Two windows on the opposite side are supposed to belong to the chapel. A modern habitation has been fitted into the ruins by Capt. Walsh, R.A.* Wiltondale (Capt. Kyrle Collins). On left the Penyards and Chase- woods stand out boldly, with the Man of Ross' walks extending from Ross ch.-yard. After leaving the Glewston Ferry, The Hill Court is passed on the left, rt. Goodrich Court (Harold Moffat, * There is much more here that will be interesting to the student of castle architec- ture than can be included in the pages of a guide-book, for which the reader is referred to a recently published work on the ' Castles and Mansions of Herefordshire.' Esq.) appears on the opposite bank. (See p. 277.) Goodrich Ferry ^ was once the prin- cipal thoroughfare between England and the Welsh Marches. Having passed under the Courts the beautiful situation of Goodrich Castle at once arrests the attention. The parish of Walford in which this ferry is situated derives its name from this, the Wales ford." Separated by a dingle from the Court, the Castle, rising on a lofty eminence, has a very abrupt ap- proach by a footpath only from the river. It is partly surrounded by a deep moat, over which, where stood the diawbridge and portcullis, the visitor passes on a bank, to the re- mains of the chapel, the Lord's tower, the Lady^s tower, the dining- hall, kitchen, and square Norm. Keep, the oldest part, built in 12th centy., still in good preservation. It was successively the residence of the Marshalls and De Valences, Earls of Pembroke, and the Talbots, until, in 1616, it passed with a co- heiress to the Greys, Earls of Kent, with which noble family it con- tinued until the reign of Geo. II., when it was sold to Admiral GriflSn of Hadnock, near Monmouth, to whose descendant, Mrs. Marriott, it now belongs. In the Civil Wars it was garrisoned for the King, but after a long siege it was surrendered in 1646 to Col. Birch, when a number of county gentlemen became pri- soners, and a great quantity of stores and munitions of war were obtained by the captors. No part of the castle is as old as the Conquest, the mouldings in the Norm. Keep not bespeaking an age anterior to the reign of Stephen. There seems to have been two periods in its architectural hibtory, one when the keep stood alone unditched and . unfortified, except by its own massive walls, whilst round it clustered low buildings for retainers. At the close of the 13th centy. a larger area was 280 Eoute SS.— Goodrich Castle. Sect. III. enclosed by the present walls and towers. The keep called Macheth's Tower, is built of different stone, not ob- tained from the moat like the later buildings, but from Copped Hill. The ancient entrance to the keep is seen on the W. side ; the present entrance could not have been added until after a second line of defence was built. The old one is 10 ft. above the ground, reached by a lad- der. No light is admitted freely till the second floor, but in this dreary dwelling Walter Marshall, the great Earl of Pembroke, breathed his last. More regard was had to conveni- ence in the Edwardian portion of the castle ; but the gateway, with its ad- vanced barbican and drawbridge, and the projecting abutments on side of it, show that strength and a good defence were still the great object of the architect. The gatew^ay is as far as possible from the ferry, with which it com- municated to make the circuit longer, and so to guard the better against surprise. Note, too, the small chamber yielding an outlook on three sides fronting the barbican, and the long narrow gallery to it accessible even after drawbridge and portcullis had been forced. The chapel on the left of the entrance of the courtyard is a rare feature in a Border castle. The piscina here and aumbrey remain. The chimneys of the S. E. towers are unusual in 13th cent, work ; the first-floor has figures carved on the wall, outlined by some master hand. The S.W. tower is very strong, being on the weakest side. The hall had five entrances. The Hall of State adjoining the last, and at right angles to it, originally divided by a rectangular column and two arches, a curious feature of the ruin. They support the side walls against the weight of the second story. The spring of water was in a field near the church, but there must lave been extensive reservoirs within the defences. The Ladies' or N.W, tower was battered down by Birch's artillery from the opposite hill. The sudden fall of , the outer side brought about the capitulation. Passing through this breach, the terrace, the second line of defence, is reached. It runs from the barbican to the great tower at the further- most angle, and compensates for a moat, where the terrace wall must have been carried on continuously to the counterscarp of the moat, so as to forbid opening or entrance. The angular buttresses which pro- ject from the base of the towers would add strength and prevent un- dermining. In the S.E. tower, and near the gateway, dying away as they ascend, they add much to the beauty of the ruin. Birch cast a mortar here, then the largest in England, 15 inches in bore, and throwing granadoes of 2 cwt., which were supplied from the foun- dries in the forest. This mortar is the 'Bearing Meg' of the Castle Green, Hereford (see Webb, p. 278). Goodrich Castle is J m. distant from the village, by a fieldpath easily found (see p. 277.) A reach of the river forming a noble bay is spread before the eye below the Castle. The bank on the rt. is steep and covered with wood. " The view, which is one of the grandest on the river, I should not scruple to call correctly picturesque, which is seldom the character of a purely natural scene.'' — Gilpin. Ex- ternally, the moat striking feature of the ivy-clad ruins is the gateway, showing beneath its arches the lofty window of the opposite tower. The plan of the castle was a parallelo- gram, flanked by round towers at the angles, and the entrance is carried through a narrow passage 50 ft. long, constructed for a number of succes- sive portcullises. On the W. side is the bauquet-hall, and on the S., Heref. Boute 38. — Coldwell Bocks — Whitchurch, 281 festooned with ivy and clematis, the keep, the most ancient part of the castle. The Eark of Pembroke occa- sionally resided in it, though the most important incident in its his- tory occurred in the Civil Wars, when it held out gallantly under Sir Henry Lingen for the King against a Par- liamentary army. From the S.W. window is a delightful view of the vale of the Wye. In their progress down the river, visitors will see small fishing-boats, called coracles, made of tarred can- vas strained over a wicker frame, in shape like the half of a walnut-shell. " . . . cana salix madefacto vimine, parvam Texitur in puppim, coesoque induta ju- venco." They are light and portable, weigh- ing about 12 lbs., very fragile, hold- ing one person, and a rub against a stone over a rapid usually causes mischief. Their management re- quires great skill. After the Kerne bridge is passed, the scenery becomes more diversified by a long reach of the river, in which the spire of Ruardean Church is seen rising among the trees in front, and the Wye flowing between steep wooded hills, on one side inter- mixed with rocks. The traveller, having been carried under the Kerne bridge (Rly. Stat.), and past the iron-columned railway bridge, reaches on 1. Bishop's Wood (J. Chivers, Esq.), a modern man- sion in the Elizabethan style. There is a very neat church in the grounds, and a small brook, which empties itself into the Wye, forms the bound- ary of Herefordshire and Gloucester- shire. 1. Tr2/eZancZs(Wm. Partridge, Esq.), Near it, on a considerable eminence on the rt. bank, the river winding with snake-like turnings on each side of it, is rt. Courtfield (F. B. Vaughan, Esq.), occupying the site of a house in which Hen. V. is said to have been nursed by the Countess of Salisbury. rt. In Welsh Bicknor Church, re- built in Dec. style, from designs by T. H. Rushforth, is a monumental efiigy supposed to have been that of the King's nurse, but declared by the late Sir Samuel Meyrick to be of the time of Edw. I. " The river here, taking a sweepinground, forms a fine amphitheatre. The rocks, which are continually starting through the woods, produce another ornament on the banks of the Wye." — Gilpin. Dropping down the stream, the tourist next arrives at rt. Coldwell Rocks, which present a combination of river scenery as fine as any in Britain. The rt. bank ia guarded by a range of high preci- pitous limestone rocks, overhung with underwood and traversed by deep gullies, while on the opposite side the delicious hill of Rosemary Topping afibrds a magnificent and beautiful contrast. Over this hill the Ofia's dyke may be traced. At the termination of this range of crags the Wye, after running N. to S , takes a sudden bend, and a sweep to the N. behind the rocks of such unexpected length, that the distance across the neck of the peninsula, where the tourist can rejoin the river, is only 600 yards, while its windings extend for more than 4 m. Travellers are recommended to send the boat round by Huntsham (where there is a ferry granted by Hen. IV. to the family who still hold it in possession) and Whit- church, and by an easy road to the summit ascend, 1., Symonds Yat, a lofty hill occupy- ing the interval between the bend. From this point (740 ft.) a prospect is gained unrivalled for beauty and variety. On the 1. are the romantic rocks of Coldwell, with the river running in a deep gorge below ; on the rt. is another rock, hemmed in by the steep sides of the Great Doward, while in the distance the eye ranges 282 Boute SS,— The Wye Tour, Sect. III. over the villages, woods, and hills for miles and miles. The two river scenes on each side almost bewilder the spectator, who is fairly puzzled to make out its course. A zigzag path down hill, leads in twenty minutes to 1. Symonds Yat Stat, and Inn (see p. 283). Bocklands (John M. Herbert, Esq.). The scenery is equally beautiful at New Weir, the second grand scene on the Wye, where formerly existed a salmon fishery. On the rt. bank is the lofty encampment of the Great Doward, jagged with many quarries. ''The river is wider than usual in this part, and takes a sweep round the towering promontory which forms a side screen on the 1., and is the grand feature of the view. Near the top a pointed fragment of soli- tary rock rising above the rest, has rather a fantastic appearance, but it is not without its effect in marking the scene." In one of its hollows, called ''Arthur's Cave" teeth and bones of the riiinoceros and hyaena were found in 1871. Another turn of the river brings the tourist in front of the Little Doward Hill, on which is a British camp still retaining traces of ram- parts. It has an area of about 20 acres within the inner vallum. The outer vallum is constructed to the point where the hill rises very abruptly from the river, and ap- proach appears to be impossible. On the brow of the hill, overlook- ing the Wye, huge masses of rock stand out in rugged boldness, and the view of the river, winding be- tween the deep gorge of well- wooded rocks, is very grand, rt. On a high bank, sloping down to the river, is the park of the Wyaston Leys (J. Murray Bannerman, Esq.), soon after which the river again joins fellow- ship with the turnpike-road, and the banks hence to Monmouth Stat, are high and rugged, yet richly wooded. The Wye Tour. C. By Koss and Monmouth E ail- way — Lydbrook — Symonds Yat. 4 trains daily in about J an hour or 40 minutes. This line passes on S. of the town of Koss by Alton Court, and under the Chase Woods. 2 J m. a little to the left, WMjthall, an interesting timber house of the 15th centy. (J. Stratford Collins, Esq.). 3 m. Walford. The Court, now a farmhouse, was the residence of the Kyrles from an early period. " The stony-hearted rebel *' Col. Kyrle was son of James K., Esq., who married a sister of Waller. Walford Church, a building of early construction, con- tains some good monuments to the Stratfords. A small brook which runs into the Wye separates the counties of Gloucester and Hereford. 4 m. Kerne Bridge Stat, for Gcod- rich village and Castle on the oppo- site side of the river (see pp. 277, 279). The rly. beyond this is carried across the river, and by a tunnel under Coppet Wood Hill to 5 m. Stowe Field. On left Court Field (F. B. Vaughan, Esq.). 3J m. Ruardean Church, of early date, having a curious-sculptured tympanum on the S. door, of St. George on horseback in a fantastic costume of the 12th centy. Evesbatch Court (Mrs. Bathurst). English Bicknor, on an eminence above the Wye, 2 miles N. of Cole- ford (see p. 52). The manor was in the family of Ferrers of Chartley for 150 years. The Ch. contains many good monumental tablets, and two stone effigies without date or inscrip- tion. It is dedicated to the B. V. M., and 2 chapels are called the Machen and the Wyrall chapels. The an- cient forest family of Wyrall (see Newland) has only become extinct Heref. Boute 38. — Symonds Tat — Monmouth, 283 in the present cent., when the re- mains of its possessions passed to the Machin family by the will of a Mary Wyrall in 1826. From English Bicknor the walk along the top of the Coldwell Eocks should not be omitted. Biclmor Court (Sir John Maclean, Knt.). Bicknor House (Miss Machen). 6 m. Lydbrook Junct. Stat, of the Severn and Wye Kailway, which runs right through the Forest of Dean to Lydney - on - the - Severn (Rtes. 4 and 8). Here are iron and tin- plate works, and chemical works. Near at hand rise Coldwell Eocks. The Lydbrook Viaduct is crossed and the river is lost to view for a minute by the passage of the train through a tunnel bored through the singular projecting promontory of Symonds Yat, but opens out again at 1. Symonds Yat Stat., which stands at the water's edge, and at the foot of the lofty and precipitous rocks which here wall in the Wye. Up to a considerable height they are draped in luxuriant woods, above this the sandstone appears in ivy- draped clitfs, while one great bastion throws up a singular isolated tower or pointless needle, well seen from the station, which it overhangs. Close to the stat. is a small, but clean Inn, called the Hotel, furnish- ing homely refreshments and 6 beds. A few cottages are niched into the banks on either side close to a Ferry, but no carriage-road approaches the stat., the descent being too steep. A gently sloping path through the wood, behind the Inn, leads up to Symonds Yat or Gate, a pleasant and easy walk of half an hour, com- manding fine views of one reach of the river. On nearing the top, the path emerges into the carriage-road leading from Whitchurch Ferry to Monmouth, which runs along the ridge, close under the topmost crag. Arrived at this narrow platform the traveller looks down upon what at first sight he might take for another river ; the fact being that the Wye here makes such a wonderful bend that it almost becomes a loop. After a winding course of nearly 4 miles, the river returns so near to the spot from which it set out, that a rocky wall, only 600 yards wide, eventually separates the two reaches of the river. The Ely. cuts through the isthmus of this widely expanding peninsula, and the stat. stands on its W. side. The view from the summit is both beautiful and singular ; it resembles and is surpassed only by that from Alf on the Mosel. Its chief feature consists in the intricate curves and sweeps of tlie river, 3 difi'erent reaches of which appear in sight, and almost bewilder the spectator, who is puzzled at first to make out its course. To the rt. rise the ro- mantic, rocks of Coldwell, with the river running in the deep gorge below them ; on the 1. nearer at hand appears the summit of Great Do ward, descending also in precipi- tous rocks into the Wye. The railway is constructed from Symonds Yat Stat. alon^r the left bank of the river, affording a suc- cession of interesting views of moun- tain and water. rt. Wyaston House (J. M. Banner- man, Esq.) is passed. The Garth (James Davies, Esq.). 10 m. Monmouth Stat. May Hill. Troy Stat. is a mile distant, at the other side of the town (Inns : Beau- fort Arms; King's Head). Raglan Castle, 8 m., can be visited by rail- way train and road. (Handbook for S. Wales.) 2 m. Troy House (The Duke of Beaufort, K.G.). A road from Monmouth passes through woodland scenery of rare ex- cellence round a mountain called the 284 Boute 39. — London to Hereford. Sect. III. Kymin, 700 ft. above the Wye, to the summit of which a Drive, leaving the road at 2 m. accessible to every kind of vehicle, has been made, and from whence an extensive range of varied prospect is commanded. At the top is a ciicular pavilion of two stories, for the accommodation of visitors, whilst the walks through the plantations atford various and en- chanting views. A temple, erected in 1794, records naval victories ob- tained by the English during the American war, and is built on a ridge of rock forming a square of 13 ft., now much dilapidated. The frieze is orna- mented with medallions of eminent British admirals. 3 m. Staunton Village. Its Church, on an eminence commanding a double view, has great attractions for the lovers of ecclesiastical archi- tecture. Tt is a good specimen of Late Norm, with Ear. Eng. and Dec. additions. The stone pulpit is of a rather peculiar construction, and reached by a staircase leading to the roodloft and belfry. The font is a Koman altar hollowed for its present purpose. The tower retains portions of the original work, with Perpend, additions of very late date. On the E. of Staunton Hill, 900 ft. high, near the T. Gate, and in a wood approached by a very indifferent road, is a Druid ical rocking-stone, known as the Buckstone — a rude fragment of an irregular square pyramidal form inverted and poised on its apex. Its circumference at top is 55 ft., the point on which it rests about 3 ft. square, its height is about 12 ft., its greatest length on the top 19 ft., and its extreme breadth about 13 ft. It requires some degree of force to make it vibrate. Two rock-basins, bearing evident marks of human agency, afford presumptive evidence that this stone was an object of vene- ration, and the traveller will be amply repaid for the trouble of his visit by the extensive view this posi- tion commands. The Court (Alexander Gibson, Esq.). 5 m. Coleford (see Etes. 4 and 8). The Wye Railway is continued from Monmouth (Troy Stat.) to Redbrook. Tintern Abbey Stat. Tidenham. Chepstow Junct. Stat, Handbooh S. Wales. EOUTE 39. WORCESTER TO HEREFORD, BY MALVERN AND LEDBURY. For London to Worcester and The Malverns, see Rte. 30. This line is carried through the Malvern ridge by a tunnel 600 ft. below the surface, 1560 yds. in length, but wide enough only for a single line of rails. The line of ex- cavation consists of 163 yds. of marl, 700 yds. of syenite, and 697 of limestone. "The beds at the en- trance consist of the upper grey and red marls of the upper Keuper series of deposits, overlaid by a con- siderable thickness of debris derived from the chain of the Malverns above — an angular local debris due I to atmospheric agency, and which I overlies a strong tenacious clay, con- ^ taining bones and teeth of the rhin- ! oceros, tichorinus, and the mammoth. Heref. Boute 39. — Herefordshire Beacon — Ledbury, 285 The tunnel section shows many feet of red and gray marls, passing into Keuper sandstones, much twisted and contorted, proving considerable movement along the axis of the Mal- verns since the deposition of the Triassic deposits. The lower red marls below the Keuper sandstones rest immediately against the sye- nite, at the distance of 200 yds. from the entrance. They dip from the syenite at an angle of 55° to the S.E., and at the point of contact are much crushed and broken; as in- deed is the syenite itself for several yards from the point of contact with the lower red marls." — Symonds. About the centre of the tunnel a series of Llandovery limestones, shells, and sandstones, with many fossils, rest almost vertically against a wall of syenite, and then pass conformably into the blue Woolhope shales, which are succeeded by the Wenlock shales ; and near the W. end of the tunnel the Wenlock limestone is quarried, and the old red sandstone is to be found. The rly., on passing out of this tunnel enters Herefordshire at 10 m. Colwall Stat. ,dind then passes over old red sandstone beds, obscured by di'ift. 2 m. Herefordshire Beacon (tlie Camp Inn). Access can be most easily obtained to this interesting eminence by the turnpike road lead- ing from Malvern to Ledbury, by the base of the hill at the Winds Point and Chance's Pitch. (Rte. 30.) A gold coronet set with precious stones was found at Burstner's Cross, in this parish, 1650, by a cottager when working in his garden, sup- posed to have been lost by a British prince, either in action or flight. It realised 2500Z. to its last possessor. The Church has Norm. Ear. Eng. and Dec. portions, with a substantial tower on S. side. The chancel, restored 1866, lias a memorial win- dow by Hardman, a reredos of Caen stone, and a large monument for Eliz. Harford (d. 1590). An old cross in the ch.-yd, exhibits remains of richly carved tracery. Two oaks in the old park of the Bishops of Hereford are considered to be 800 years old ; one of them is 16 ft. 2 in. in cii-cum- ference, the other being 21 ft. 7 in. Within easy distance are several modern mansions : Hope-end (Capt. Hey wood). The mansion in the East- ern style, with minarets, was erected by E. Moulton Barrett, Esq., and was the birthplace of his daughter, the poetess, Mrs. B. Browning ; r* previous residence was built by Henry Lambert, Esq., who was suc- ceeded by his son-in-law Sir Henry V. Tempest, Bt., at whose decease in 1819 it was sold ; Old Colwall (Mrs. Martin), Brandt Lodge (Miss Bright), Bartons (Major Peyton), Hoe Court (Miss Raper). The next tunnel (1660 yards) is entered through the Lower Ludlow shales, and at a short distance from the entrance these beds are faulted and brought up against Upper Lud- low shales and Aymestrey rock. The Wenlock shales and limestones are then traversed, the limestone being in a horizontal position. The Lower Ludlow beds again come in, followed by the Aymestrey limestone. Upper Ludlow shales, and Downton sand- stone, which pass conformably at the W. end of the tunnel into red mails, and at the mouth into a gray grit. Nowhere in the world is there exhibited suf-h a view of the passage- rocks between the Silurian and Old Red systems as at the entrance to this tunnel. The fossils are abun- dant." — Symonds. 15 m. Ledbury Stat. (6000 Inhab. Lnn: Feathers), picturesquely situ- ated on the small river Ledden, con- sists chiefiy of one long street, crossed by two others at right angles, with a curious old timber-framed Market-House, restored in 1866, 286 BouteSd, — Ledbury: Church; House. Sect. III. elevated on 16 oak pillars, and com- posed of timber and lath, plastered and whitewashed, the beams coloured black, standing in the principal thoroughfare. Ledbury was the cen- tre of many important military oper- ations durino; the Civil Wars. In 1645 the Parliamentary forces under Massie were defeated near the town with unusually severe loss in men and baggage. Prince Rupert and Col. Birch made it alternately their head-quarters; the prince residing on these visits in the interesting timber mansion of the opulent family of Skynner. The beds of the old red in this parish are the lowest of a series of strata on the borders of Hereford- shire, which have been carefully estimated at a thickness of from 8000 to 10,000 fc. The Church, a large and much altered edifice, exhibits various stages of architecture from Romanesque to Perp. The massive tower, de- tached, on N. side has an Ear. Eng. base and a lofty modern spire. The W. front has a Norm, door, with an Ear. Eng. superstructure and Dec. windows. The nave is Perp. but with an Ear. Eng. porch, and various windows in transition from the Ear. Eng. to Dec. The chapel on N. side has richly adorned Dec. windows, a double row of ball- flowers covering the mullions and tracery. The chancel is Norm. There is a little good carved wood- work. An altar-tomb with the figure of a female on an incised slab, and with the royal arms depicted on a shield, is for a distinguished Lady whose name is not preserved. The monuments are numerous and in- teresting ; one having a canopy sup- ported by Corinthian columns has the effigies in alabaster of Edward Skinner and his wife, temp. Charles I., kneeling opposite each other ; 2 by Flaxman, to John and Wm. Miles, Esqs. ; 2 by Westmacott, for D. E. Saunders, Esq., and R. Biddulph, Esq. (d. 1814) ; an altar-tomb by Thorneycroft, on which lies the figure of a child very gracefully disposed. The burial-place of the Biddulphs has inscribed tablets to the memory of various members of the family. That to Anthony B., Esq. (d. 1718), and his wife, occupies the centre of W. wall, and consists of two pedestals on which recline alabaster figures in the costume of Queen Anne's reign. Jacob Tonson, the publisher, of Kit- cat celebrity, died on his estate, The Hazels, in 1736, and was buried in the churchyard, without a monument to denote the place. The Hospital of St. Catherine, in the High Street, founded 1232 by Bp. Hugh Foliiott for 6 single men, 2 widows, and 2 men and their wives, was rebuilt in 1820, and enlarged in 1856. The Gloucester and Hereford Canal, commenced in 1792, and not completed until 1845, has a wharf close to the town. A coach runs to and from the Gloucester rly. station every week-day. Ledbury House (M. Biddulph, Esq., M.P.), a timber mansion, which has belonged during two centuries to the Biddulph family. The Deer Park contains timber-trees of fine growth, its elms being considered the largest in England. Upper Hall (Waldyve Martin, Esq.), the seat of the Skipps from the reign of Eliz. until 1812. There is a valuable collection of paintings made by the last Mr. Skipp ; a marble slab in the entrance hall is worked up from the lava of Vesuvius. West Bank (W. Wheatley, Esq.); TJnderdown (J. Murray Aynsley, Esq.). 2 m. N. Haffield House (W. C. Henry, Esq., M.D.). A fine statue of Aurora by Gibson is preserved here. On the estate there is a pleasing variety of coniferae in thriving con- dition. A Roman camp forms a little elliptical eminence, 450 ft. Heref. Boute 39. — Much Marcle — Eastnor Castle. 287 high, surrounded by a deep bank and ditch, and partly enclosed by the park wall. In a quarry near the farmhouse the trappean conglo- merate, "called by Phillips the lowest member of the new red series in the Malvern district," has a stratified appearance, with a dip in the direction of the Malvern chain. 3 m. Bromsherrow Court (Mrs. Ricardo). 3 m. N.E. Donnington Hall (R. Webb, Esq.). 5 m. S. Homme House (Col. Money Kyrle), erected in the reign of Eliza- beth, but much altered and faced with stone. An elm of vigorous growth near the mansion is estimated to be 90 ft. in height, and at 5 ft. to be 19 ft. in girth. It is the landmark of the district. The ancient Church of Much Marcle contains the effigies of Blanche Lady Audley, reign of Rich. II. ; Joan Lady Mortimer ; and of the Walwyn and Kyrle families. In a small chapel adjoining the chancel is a well-executed - alaba& t or tomb of Italian workmanship, of Sir John and Lady Kyrle, iq^Ql Hellens (R. D. Cooke, Esq.), a seat of the Walwyns from early in the 15th centy. In 1575 an extensive landslip in this parish, then regarded as an earth- quake, was the subject of ancient alarm and modern curiosity, until its causes were explained by eminent geolocrists. The event is thus de- scribed by Sir R. Baker : — " Marcley Hill, after shaking and roaring for 3 days, to the great horror, fright, and astonishment of the neighbourhood, began to move about 6 o'clock on Saturday evening, and continued moving or walking till Monday at noon, when it stood still. It carried the trees that grew on it, and the sheepcots and sheep grazing on it. It left a gaping distance 40 ft. broad and 4 score ells long. It over- threw Kinnaston Chapel, made tilled ground pasture, and turned pasture into tillage.'* In allusion to this event, Phillips writes : — " I nor advise nor reprehend the choice Of Marcle-hill ; the apple nowhere finds A kinder mould ; yet 'tis unsafe to trust Deceitful ground. Who knows but that once more This mount may journey, and, his present site Forsaking, to thy neighbour's bound transfer Thy goodly plants, affording matter strange For law debates ?" — • Cider.' 2 m. E. Eastnor Castle (late Earl Somers),* a modern structure, from designs by Smirke, in the style of the reign of Edward I., intended to unite the aspect of a baronial castle with the internal arrangements and the comforts of a modem mansion; it stands on a gentle eminence, sur- rounded by extensive and thriving plantations. The view from the ter- race over a broad lake to wooded slopes and distant hills is superb. The central hall, 60 ft. in height and length, is a noble apartment of Norm, architecture, ornamented with fresco paintings and English marbles and serpentine of various colours. The principal drawing-room is furnished in the Gothic style, and the late Lord Somers has fitted up and deco- rated a suite of apartments in the Italian style. Some fine specimens of tapestry represent the defeat of Da- rius, and t lie introduction of his wife and family to Alexander. Amongst the works of art are a collection of early Italian masters and inter- esting pictures by P. Bordone, Van- dyck, and other important masters ; Charles I. and his queen, VandijcK Amongst the modern pictures are several by Watts^ that of Tennyson being a very fine portrait : — Portraits of Richard Cocks, Esq. (d. 1623); Judith C, his wife, 1638 ; Thomas C, a devoted Royalist, 1641 ; Charles C, ambassador to Muscovy ; Lord-Chan- cellor Somers.; Sir Joseph and Lady * The Earl died whilst these sheets were in the press, and the Earldom became ex- tinct, a Barony passing to Col. Somers-Cocks, R.A., a cousin of the late Earl. 288 Boute S9.—Eastnor r Church — Boshury. Sect. III. Jekyl; Chas. Lord Somers(d. 1806) ; John, first Earl; John, second Earl, by Hamson; Dr. Nash, historian of Worcestershire; Virginia Countess Somers, Watts. The castle is full of specimens of wood-carving and works of art of several kinds col- lected by the present Earl. The edifice was commenced in 1814 by John, first Earl Somers, and has experienced extensive and most ju- dicious additions from the late Earl. Visitors are admitted on Tuesdays and Fridays during the absence of the family ; on Tuesdays only at other times. In the immediate vicinity of the castle are fine speci- mens of coniferse, cedars, pines, and rare botanical productions from dif- ferent parts of the globe thoroughly acclimatised. The Churchy except the tower, re- built in Dec. style 1852, by Sir G. G. Scott, i2. J.., contains several elaborate monuments to the Cocks family; 2 by Stewart and Scheemaker deserve examination. That to John, second Earl, is a fine example of monu- mental sculpture, both in design and execution, in the style of 14th centy., by Philip, also from the designs of Sir G. G. Scott, JR.A. The tomb is of alabaster, under a recessed arch of corn stone. On the frontal are sculptured alti-relievi, representing the " Entombment of our Lord " and *' the Holy Women at the Sepulchre." " Eastnor Park, with its exquisite scenery, will amply repay a visit from the geologist; and he will find a most pleasant village Inn at the Somers Arms.'* In a glen at the base of the Beacon is the site of Bronsil Castle, once en- compassed by a double moat, the resi- dence of Lord Beauchamp of Powyke, Lord Treasurer to Henry VI. On an elevated ridge, above Bronsil, is a lofty Obelisk, erected to the me- mory of the Hon. Major Cocks, killed at the assault of Burgos, 1812. The first known specimen of the ptery- gotus, a Silm-ian lobster, was found at the base of this hill in the May Hill sandstone. In the Drift Bed near Clencher's Mill many fossil remains are found, including those of the elephant and rhinoceros. The Misletoe Oak," one of the few trees of its kind on which this parasitical plant is known to grow, stands by the side of the drive lead- ing from Eastnor Castle towards the Herefordshire Beacon. It grows freely, but the branch is killed be- yond the place where the misletoe is situated. 3J m. N. of Ledbury Stat., Boshury, containing many ancient timber houses, with ornamented barge- boards. The Church is Ear. Eng., with sev- eral Perp. finished windows and a massive detached tower of 3 stages at 80 ft. S. of ch. The chancel, cleansed and restored, contains some well- executed monuments for the Harford (1573) and Brydges families. In the Moreton chapel, of late Perp., in the centre of the groined roof is a rebus of M upon a ton ; and built into S. wall of the ch. is a monumental stone with an inscription for the father of Bp. Swinfield, 1282, and a floriated cross slab of 13th centy. The mansion in which the Bishops of Hereford resided prior to 1630 was demolished in 1643; but many vestiges may be traced among the farm buildings at " Old Court." The dovecot has existed since the reign of Edw. I. Boshury Court (Bev. E. Higgins) contains a collection of bronzes, Etruscan pottery, and other articles of interest. There are paintings by Sir T. Lawrence, Turner, and Stot- hard; and a perfect copy of 'Bar- tolomeus,' printed by Wynkyn de Worde. 2J m. W. is a conical eminence called Wall Hills, the lower part of which is surrounded by large trees, Heref. Boute 39. — Castle Froome and Cowarne Churches, 289 and the summit crowned by a strong ' pentagonal camp of about 30 acres, double ditched, now cultivated. Its single rampart is half levelled ; it liad 3 entrances, one called the King's Gate. In ploughing the area, spear and arrow-heads, antique horse- shoes, and human bones have been found. This elevation consists of a series of marls, cornstone, thick red and gray sandstones. 5 m. N. Castle Froome Church con- tains a curious Norm, font, with a symbolic representation of the Bap- tism of our Lord, wlio is surrounded by little fishes, a well-known Christian emblem. Under the S. window of the chancel there is an exquisite stone figure of a kniglit holding a heart in his haad. Of the castle, which is supposed to have been erected here, not a trace remains. 7 m. Bishops Froome, in which parish is a very fine specimen of an Elizabethan mansion, called Che- ney Court (James Moilliet, Esq.), once the residence of the Slaughters. The rooms are richly panelled with curious paintings of the Sibyls and other Christian emblems. Adjoining the hall was a chapel, long disman- tled. The spacious church, which has fine Norm, and Ear. Eng. work, was judiciously restored in 1863. 4 m. beyond this village is the town of Bromyard. ^ i \}^9) ; Hon. Edward F. (d. 1803), by Blore; E. T. Foley, Esq., by Jennings ; and other mem- bers of the family. At St. Edith's Well near the Kectory, Mr. Praulph, vicar of Tarrington, was shot in 1644 by a soldier in the Parliamentary army. 2 m. Dormington Quarries yield upper Silurian corals and trilobites, also Pentamerus galeatus. Shucknell Hill, on the rt., is a dis- tinct Silurian mass, surrounded by old red sandstone, and composed ex- Heref. Boute 40. — Hereford to Leominster and Ludlow. 291 clusively of Ludlow rocks, the calca- reous band of which is exposed in sharply inclined strata, and largely employed in roadniakins:. — Sil. Sys. " Fullers' earth " is largely extracted for economical uses. 25 m. Withington Stat. The ch., which has a very neat spire, con- tains an ancient chancel-screen of elaborate carving. Near this stat., at Godwin's me- diaeval encaustic tile works, pave- ments for the decoration of cathe- drals and other public buildings are manufactured with much taste and success. In this village John Phillips, author of * Cider ' and other poems (d. 1708), and William Brome, a man of great and general learning (d. 1745), were residents and contempo- raries. i m. I. Wilcroft (C. Watkins, Esq.). At Bartestree is a spacious nunnery for inmates of the modern order of Sisters of Mercy, opened in 1862. Hagley Pork (Arthur Hutchin- son, Esq.) contains one grand speci- men of the elm, which is 21 ft. 8 in. in girth, and a foliage spread of 73 ft. In the quarries of this eminence fos- sils exist, and there is a remarkable intrusion of basalt into the old red sandstone. 2. m. Lugwardine Church of Ear. Eng. and Dec, experienced in 1871 judicious and substantial repairs. The N. transept is lighted by good painted gla>s, and the E. window of the chancel has been filled with ex- cellent glass by the parishioners. Longvwrth (P. S. Hutchinson, Esq.), of brick, rebuilt circ. 1800, by Kech. This was the seat of a branch of the Walwyn family during two centuries. James W.. Esq., was M.P. for Hereford, 1785-1800. On this estate are fine specimens of elms and beech-trees standing singly in parts of avenues and in clusters. An old chapel on this estate, of Perp. style, lonj? used as a barn, has been lately restored to religious purposes. Lugwardine Court (Sir H. D. Croft, Bt.) ; Newcourt (Major K. J. Griffiths) was a seat of the Reads, who were succeeded by their relatives the Shel- dons. It was purchased by Arch- deacon Lilly, who enlarged and im- proved the mansion and the pleasure- grounds. By his widow it was sold to the present proprietor. Below the Church the Lug tra- verses a rich and frequently flooded plain, exclusively devoted to grazing purposes, and, between July and February, common to all occupiers of land in the parish. 29f m. Hereford, Barrs Court Station. (See Rte. 36.) ROUTE 40. HEREFORD TO LEOMINSTER AND LUDLOW. By Railway. 23f miles. This railway, opened 1854, which traverses a district celebrated for its richness and beauty, is worked jointly by the G. W. and N. W. companies, whose trains run from the Barrs Court Station in Hereford (Rte. 36). 1 m. on 1. is Holmer Church, E. Eng., with a detached tower ; on the right hand the spire of Withington Church is visible in front of West- hide Hill. The Roman read between V 2 292 Boute 4:0 —Moreton-on-Lug— Sutton Walls. Sect. III. Kenchester (magna castra) and Wor- cester traverses this parish in un- altered condition. 4 m. Moreton-on-Lug Stat. Two oak-trees near the platform are called Adam and Eve. The former in a truncated state, 65 ft. in girtli and 12 in diameter, blown down in 1848, was, on the opening of the line, the only- station-house at this place; 15 per- sons had refreshments at the same time within its interior. The other tree in the field is 62 ft. in circum- ference at 2 ft. from the ground. Moreton Court (M(S Evans), a spa- cious modern mansion. The small Church was completely restored in 1866-67, when a new tower with spire and porch were added. The r credos is of marble and ala- baster. It contains some altar-tombs of the Dauncer family. In -the distance, on 1., are seen the picturesquely-wooded summits of two )feOlated hills popularly called Robin Hood's Butts and the Sugarloaf Hills. " The vast thickness of the cornstone formation, including many masses of strong-bedded sandstone, are remarkably well developed in the road from Leominster to Hereford. Wheiever the marls have prevailed, the denudations have been most ex- tensive, as is remarkably exemplified in the lateral valleys on the sides of the Pyons, two small conical hills, probably saved from destruction by the hardness of the concretionary rock and gritty sandstone near their summits." — Sil. Sys, Canon Pyon Church, '* a small build- ing with a nave, aisles, and chancel, some portions of Norman or Ear. Eng. character, with later insertions. There is some screen work and an- cient benches ; and the font, which is large, appears to be a later top placed on an earlier base, the top is ornamented with quatrefoils, and is octagonal." — Bichman, -On a wooded hill IJ m. N.E., called Sutton Walls, once stood the palace of Ofia, King of the Mercians, where Ethelbert, King of the East Angles, was treacherously murdered in A.D. 782. "Those Sutton acres drench'd with regal blood Of Ethelbert, when to the unhallowed feast Of Mercian Offa he invited came To treat of spousals : long connubial joys He promised to himself, allured by fair Elfrida's beauty ; but deluded died In height of hopes; — oh! hardest fate, to fall By show of friendship and preten'^ed love." Phillips. History relates that Ethelbert was assassinated by direction of Ofia; that the East Anglian nobles escaped; that Ofia invaded those dominions and added East Anglia to his con- quests ; that in two years, remorse embittering the interval, he sank from his empire to his grave ; his queen and children perished miser- ably, and his race became extinct. Sutton Walls include a spacious encampment, a single rampart on the summit of the hill, with 4 en- trances characteristic of Roman camps. The area is 30 acres, and has been laid nearly level by the plough. This district is celebrated for the excellence of its cider. 1 m. N. Harden Church, on the Lug, built by Ofi'a over the place of Ethelbert^s first interment, and where a spring miraculously arose, still known as St. Ethelherfs Well, and preserved with scrupulous care with- in the edifice. In the chancel is a well-engraved Brass which has the effigy of the Lady Chute (d. 1614) with her two daughters. Leland's description of this route is " From Hereford to Dynemore hill (is) by enclosed ground, not very hilly, plentifull of all good corne and pasture, and meetly wooded (about) 4 miles. About a mile on this syde Dinemore hill (is) a little village called Willington, and there I passed over a bridge of 3 arches Heri:f. Boute 40. — Dinmore — Hampton Court, 293 of stone. The brook that runneth under this bridge is called Wormeley water." 2 J m. N. Wistaston Court (C. Wat- kins, Esq.). In the chapel is a neat memorial window for W. Chute Gwinnett, Esq. 2 m. N. Wellington Church has some portions of E. Eng., and the tomb of Sir H. Perrot, by whom a row of almshouses was erected in 1670. 7 m. Dinmore Stat. " The hill it self of Dinesmore is very steep, high, and well wooded, and a specula to see all the country about. There standeth a little by west of the very toppe, on the left hand as I rode, a commandry with a fair place that belonged to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem in London.*' This estate, on which is Dinmore House (Charles Anthony, Esq.), now belongs to a branch of the St. John family. IJE. Bodenham (1180 Pop.), once a market town belonging to the Devereux family. In the Churchy a large and handsome Ear. Eng. and Dec. cruciform structure on the Lug, having a square tower with an un- finished spire, is an alabaster altar- tomb to Sir Walter Devereux (d. 1401), with many modern monu- ments, and an hexagonal font. The ceiling of the nave is of good work- manship. In the village are the remains of a large cross with a well. Venwood (Hugh Jenner, Esq.), 2 J m. Broadfield Court (Mrs.Helme), 5 m. S.E. Ode Court (Lt.-Col. Hey- wood). The rly. is carried through the hill by a tunnel 1060 yds. in length and 16 ft. wide ; at the opposite end is 8 J m. Ford Bridge Stat. In Hope church on the hill-side, among many tablets to the Coningsby family, is one by Bouhiliac, for the Earl of Coningsby (d. 1729), the Countess Coningsby (d. 1761), and her infant son, who was choked by a cherry- stone : the figures are of full length, and a chef-d*oeuvre of the sculptor. 2 m. rt. Hampton Court (John H. Arkwright, Esq.), originally built under the auspices of Henry IV. by his favourite, Sir Rowland Lenthall, who acquired wealth by the ransom of prisoners taken at Agincourt. Leland observes " From Dymere Hill I saw Hampton Court, a goodly mansion place on the left side of Lugge, and there is a stone bridge over Lugge. This place was sump- tuously erected by one Sir Lenthall, Knt., that thus rose by service. He was Yeoman of the Robes to King Henry IV., and being a gallant fellow, either a daughter or neare kinswoman of the king fell in love with him, and in continuance wedded unto him ; whereupon after he fell into estimation, and had given to him lOOOZ. worth of land by the year for maintenance of himself and wife, among which lands he had Ludlowe for part. This Lenthall was at Agincourt and took many prisoners there, by wiiich prey he beganne the new building at Hamp- ton Court, and brought from the hill a spring of water and made a little poole with it in the toppe of his house.*' It passed with his youngest daughter Eleanor, on marriage with Sir Thomas Cornwall, Baron of Bur- ford, by whom it was sold about 1510 to Humphrey Coningsby, a judge of the K. Bench. Of this family was Sir Thos. C, who founded the Red Coat Hospital at Hereford for dis- abled soldiers and worn-out servants. His son Fitzwilliam C, M.P. for Herefordshire, was so conspicuous for his loyalty in the Civil War, that his seat in Parliament was declared void and his estates were confiscated, permission to compound for them being refused. His eldest son was a conspicuous and turbulent politician after the Restoration, a prominent 294 Boute 40. — Hampton Court — Leominster. Sect. III. opposer of Popery, and a strenuous supporter of the Kevolution of 1688. He attended William III. in Ireland, and when King William received a wound in the shoulder at the battle of the Boyne, was the first to apply a handkerchief, for which service he was instituted, with Lord Sydney, a deputy-governor of Ireland, and in 1693 created Baron Coningsby in the peerage of that kingdom. On the decease of Queen Anne he displayed his zeal in favour of the Hanoverian succession, and induced the House of Commons to order the impeach- ment of the Earl of Oxford, and the committal of that nobleman to the Tower. In 1719 he was created an English earl with remainder to the eldest daughter of his second wife. This lady succeeded her father in 1729, and, dying without surviving issue, the title became extinct, and the estates passed to her sister Lady Frances Coningsby, who married the well-known Whig poet and sati- rist Sir Charles Hanbury Williams. Their only child was wife of the 4th Earl of Essex, and she was succeeded by her son the 5th Earl, by whom Hampton Court was sold to Eichard Arkwright, Esq. The mansion was partially rebuilt, with the exception of its distinguishing feature, a mas- sive square entrance tower, deeply embattled and machicolated, leading into a quadrangular court, by the late Mr. Arkwright. The handkerchief which stanched the king's wound was preserved in an ebony casket, upon the lid of which were miniature likenesses of the king and his lordship. This box, and the original portrait of Henry IV. given to Sir R. Lenthall, long preserved here, were removed in 1809 to Cashiobury Park in Herts. A chapel, appropriately fitted up, preserves in its windows some of the fine painted glass which was removed from Hereford Cathedral at the fall of its western portion in 1786. On the lawn are some large cedars and a tulip-tree of very luxuriant growth. In the deer-park is a fine old tree, *' the Gipsy Oak," which at 5 ft. from its base measures 24 ft. 1 in. in cir- cumference. Ford Church : a very small build- iug restored by the late Mr. Ark- wright. J m. N. Wharton House, built temp. Jas. I. by Richard Whitehall (now a farmhouse), is a good sample of the Jacobean style, in excellent preservation. ] m. E. is the church of Stohe Prior, which has a Norm, nave and Ear. Eng. chancel. In this parish, 2 m. from this stat., is an eminence called Risbury, on which is an in- teresting specimen of British castra- metation. The camp encloses an area of eight acres. The amount of labour expended upon the fordficti- tions must have been great. This spot is estimated to be 160 ft. above the Ford-bridge stat. 12f m. Leominster Stat. (Inns: Royal Oak ; King's Arms), a neat market and borough town ; Inhab. 5865 ; 1 M.P. ; on the rivers Lug, Arrow, and Pinsley. Leofminstre was a place of note under the Heptarchy, a monastery being founded here in the 7th centy. by Merewald, King of the West Mer- cians, which was destroyed in the Danish w^ars. In a.d. 1125 Hen. I. established a cell for Benedictines, subordinate to the Abbey of Reading, under which it continued to the Re- formation, when its revenues were greater than those of any cell in the kingdom. The Prior?/ now forms part of the union workhouse. In 1538, this town is described as being meet- ly large, with good builditigs of tim- ber. In 1610, owing to a prstilence in Hereford, the assizes were held in this town. Charles I. was its visitor on two occasions during the wars. James Tomkins, Esq., M.P. Heref. Boute 40. — Leominster : Townhall ; Church. 295 for this borough, was taken into cus- tody with others in 1643 for publish- ing "A Commission of Array on the City of London. He was ar- raigned before a council of war at Whitehall, condemned, and exe- cuted. The celebrated General Sir Francis Vere was a representative of this borough in 1592, and Lord Mel- bourne in 1806. The Town Hall, a modern brick structure, includes shops, rooms for magisterial purposes, and a council- chamber 45 ft. by 30, in which is a portrait of Sir Chas. Hanbury Wil- liams, M.P. for this borough and lord-lieutenant of the county. In the rear of this building are capacious markets. That ancient instrument for pun- ishing troublesome women — the ducking-stool, until 1866 preserved in perfect condition within the church, is now thrown aside in the lumber-room of a small inn. It was fixed on a pivot at the side of a pool, and made specially for the purposes of immersion. It was last used in 1809 to duck Jenny Goran, alias Jenny Pipes. Button House, a timber edifice, was the residence of Mr. Colt, M.P., who, for expressing his views in favour of a Protestant succession in 1678, was' fined 100,000Z., and im- prisoned until the arrival of Wil- liam III. He had been twice elected for Leominster during his confine- ment. The spacious Church, enlarged at dilferent periods, and restored 1866 under Sir G, G. Scott, R.A., contains portions of every style, and is united On N. side to a more ancient ch. of plain yet good Norm. Its N. nave aisle, long disused, was then re- opened for ch. service. The tower at N.W. angle, the two lower stages of which are of late Norm., has the arch of the door finely recessed, and forms the principal entrance. Its fine win- dow is Perp. of 8 lights with but- tresses, something like the W. win- dow of Gloucester Cathedral. The W. window of the S. aisle is Dec, of 4 lights, with very elegant tra- cery. In 1699 the eastern part was destroyed by fire, and rebuilt in a very debased style. The font, bear- ing inscriptions in Greek and Latin, is a neat specimen of modern carved work. The monuments are unusually numerous. The ch. is of great breadth, nearly equal to its length. •In the ch.-yard is the tomb of Ward, a comedian, grandfather of John Kemble, with this inscription : — Here, waiting for our Saviour's great assize, And hoping through His merits hence to rise In glorious mode, in this dark closet lies John Ward, gent., who d. Oct. 1773, aged 69. A spacious meadow, called the Grange, is a pleasant promenade ground, in which cricket-matches, reviews, and other public amuse- ments are held. The old Butter Cross, erected in 1633 by John Abel, described in Clayton's ' Ancient Timber Edifices,' has been removed from its original site, and re-erected in the Grange at the expense of the late Mr. Arkwright. In a part of the town called the Bargates are 4 almshouses founded, in 1736, by Mrs. Hester Clarke. In front is a rude effigy of a man hold- ing an axe in his hand, with these lines underneath — " He that gives away all Before he is dead, Let 'em take this Hatchett And knock him on ye head." At the commencement of the Civil War this borough iromediately de- clared itself in favour of the King ; and the best proof of its active loyalty Is the report to the House of Com- mons in April, 1643. " Sir W. Waller, after the taking of Hereford, went to Leominster, a very malignant town, but a place of great consequence and very rich, and, having taken it, he spent some time in disarming the malignants and placing a proper garrison there," 296 Boute 40. — Mngton Camp^-Eaton Hall. Sect. III. The wool of this district enjoyed high repute in the 14th centy., and Drayton is unusually diffuse on the subject : — " Lug little Oney first, then Arro in doth take At Lemster, for her wool whose staple doth excel, And seemes to overmatch the golden Phry- gian fell. Had this our Colchos been unto the ancients knowne. When Honor was herselfe, and in her glory showne, He then that did command the infantry of Greece Had only to our He adventur'd for this J'leece. Where lives the man so dull on Britain's furthest shore To whom did never sound the name of Lemster ore ? That with the silke-worme's webb for smallness doth compare, Wherein the winder shows his workman- ship so rare As doth the Fleece excell, and mocks her looser clew. As neatlie bottom'd up as Nature forth it drew; Of each in high'st accompt, and reckon'd here as fine As there th' Appulian fleece or dainty Tarentyne." — 1th Book. Camden, writing in 1617, re- niarks : " The greatest name and fame that it hath this day is of the wodll in the territories round about it/' But according to Leland its importance had become lessened at the period of his visit : — " Lem- ster, by reason of their wool, use great draping of Cloth, and thereby it flourished. Since of later days it chanced that the Citties of Here- ford and Worcester complained of the frequency of People that came to Lemster in prejudice of both their marketts in the Shyre Towns, and also in hindringe their Drapinge, whereupon the Saturday market was^ removed from Lemster, and a Markett on Friday newly assigned unto it. Since that time the towne hath decayed." IJ m. Ivington Camp, a British post, is divided by a subsequent work, attributed to Owen Glendower when he retreated from Leominster pur- sued by the army of Prince Henry. Coins have been ploughed up within the entrenchment at various periods. 1 m. W. Byelands (R. Lane, Esq.), Main-road to Bromyard 12 m. [Im. on rt. Eaton Hall, now a farm- house, once the mansion of the old Herefordshire family of Hackiuyt, whose names are found on the rolls of sheriffs from the reign of Edw. L *'One WilHam Hackluit that was with King Henry 5th at Agincourt sett up a House in this village, and purchased land to it. He had one St. George, a Nobleman of France, to his Prisoner. The chiefe and ancientist of the Hackluits have been gentlemen in tymes out of memory." Kichard H., Prebendary of Westminster, was the compiler of the well-known collection of voyages in the reign of Elizabeth. The property was purchased early in the 17th centy. by Wallop Bra- bazon, 2nd son of the 1st baron of that name, who was sheriff of the county in 1630, and in tiie wars took a very active part against the Parlia- ment. He was one of those nominated in 1661 for the intended order of the Koyal Oak. The estate belongs to his collateral descendant, the Earl of Meath. 3 m. to the left, amid well-wooded scenery, Hennor, once a seat of the Pateshalls, now of Captain Stephen- son. 6 m. Docklow. On rt. Buckland (Captain E. N. Heygate, K.E.), Oah- lands (Hon. B. M. St. John). 6J m. Puddlestone Court (E. Chad- wick, Esq.), a modern mansion in the castellated style. The Ear. Eng. ch. has been restored and paved with encaustic tiles. On 1. 7 m. Hatfield Courts a modern mansion (Howarth Ashton, Esq.). The old court, a small mansion of the Elizabethan age, of the extinct family of Colles, is a picturesque ruin to the left of Heref. Boute 40. — Berrington and Eye — Orleton, 297 the high road, and directly opposite the church to the rt., 8 m. Grendon Bishop. 10 m. Bredenbury Court (W. H. Barneby, Esq.). A British camp on this eminence is considered one of those raised by Caractacus in his retreat before Ostorius. 12 m. Bromyard (see Rte. 44).] 2J m. N. W. Eyton Hall (R. W. Evans, Esq.). In the small church is a complete and handsome roodloft, also a good memorial window to Maj. Evans (d. 1852). 6 m. Birclier Sail (T. Dunne, Esq.), erected early in the present century by Thomas Smith, Esq. 3 J m. Berrington and Eye Stat, on the main line of railway. In the mo- dern Church of Eye, are two finely executed alabaster recumbent effi- gies of Corn walls, one with a collar of SS. and memorials; to the 3rd and 4th Barons Rodney ; to Rt. Hon. Thomas Harley, M.P. for London and Herefordshire, and others of this family. 1 m. 1. Berrington Hall (Lord Rodney), a handsome stone mansion, with portico on W. front, erected in the last centy. by Mr. Harley, and containing a collection of portraits of the Harley and Rodney families. This was a seat of the Corn- walls, and is mentioned by Ijeland as, " The mannour place of Corn walls that descended of a younger House of the Cornwalls, Barons of Burford." Sir Robert Cornwall, M.P. for Leo- minster, cr. a baronet in 1720, Rt. Hon. C. Wolfran Cornwall, Speaker of the House of Commons, and Dr. Cornwall, Bishop of Worcester, were members of this branch of the family. 6 J m. Woofferton Junction Stat. (Inn : Salwey Arms). Brimfield, a populous village in a fertile open country. On a farm called Nun-Upton is an oak 33 ft. in girth at 5 ft. from the ground. 1 on 1. Orleton, the birthplace of Adam de O., Bishop of Hereford, 1317-27, one of the most active agents of the barons in their wars against Edw. 11. When application was made to him by the governors of Berkeley in reference to the treat- ment of the kiuL!:, he is said to have returned this reply of oracular am- biguity,— " Edvardem occidere nolite tiraere bonum est." Having gained the favour of Edw. III. so far as to be employed as am- bassador to France, he was translated to Winchester diocese, where iiedied 1345. Thomas Blount, Esq., author of ' Jocular Tenures,' a ' Law Dic- tionary,' and several useful works, was born in a picturesque timber mansion of 16-centy. wurk, called The Court. The room on the first floor, once the principal chamber; has its ceiling supported by arched and panelled beams, with a good chimney-piece. There is another very picturesque timber house in thtr village, having 8 gables, of an earlier date. The ch. consists of chancel, nave, N. porch, and W. tower, with a shingled spire. In the chancel, Thomas Blount was buried, 1679. His estate continues with his de- scendant, William Blount, Esq., a Bencher of Gray's Inn. A branch rly. to Tenbury and Bewdley commences at this stat. 2f m. Easton Court Stat. On 1. The Court (Sir Jos. R. Bailey, Bart., M.P.), once the seat of the Dela- meres, then of the Danseys, from whom it was purchase in 1840, by Sir Joseph Bailey, Bt. Within a short distance of this stat. the rly. passes through a part of Salop. The ch. of Little Hereford, restored 1849, has a tower at its W. end. Its E. window is filled with good stained glass in memory of Joseph Bailey, Esq., M.P. (d. 1850). 4 m. Burford House (Lord North- wick), erected temp. Geo. II., has a short avenue of old trees iri front. 298 Bte. 4.0.—Burford Church— Bichard's Castle. Sect. III. This estate came from the Mortimers to the family of Cornwall, who en- joyed it, under the designation of " Barons of Burf or d,^' until the reign of Geo. I., when their heiress mar- ried Legh of High Legh, by whom this property was sold to William Bowles, M.P. for Bewdley. The Lords of Burford held their lands by barony, but were not summoned to Parliament, an exemption first claimed as a privilege, but after- wards lamented as a privation. The Ear. Eng, Churchy consisting of a nave and chancel and tower, though it has experienced extensive altera- tions, possesses many points of in- terest. Here is a very perfect pis- cina, an excellent Perp. font, and some encaustic tiles dug up from under the altar. An old stone, like a sedilia, with two circular holes and lids, diam. about 10 in. Over the stone, in an arch formed in the wall of the church, is an inscription to the memoi y of " Edmund Corn- wall, Esq., son and heir to the Sir Eichard Cornwall who died in the reign of Henry VI.'* This individual died at Cologne, when travelling, and desired his heart to be conveyed to England for interment. Over the inscription commemorating his life are the following lines : — " To God my soule I do bequeth to rest in Heaven hie, And there my corps to be interred where I shall hap to die. My heart unto my native soyle for burial I betake, My Fayth unto my Friends I yield ; this is the will I make." On N. wall of chancel extends a breadth of wood panelling, executed 1517, on which the Apostles are por- trayed in 12 compartments, while in the centre are full-sized paintings of Richard Cornwall and Janet his wife. Above is a representation of the heavenly host, and in a nar- rower panel underneath is the re- cumbent figure of Edmund Corn- wall, " the strong Baron,'* in his shroud; this figure being upwards of 7 ft. in length. Underneath a canopy in the chancel is the recum- bent stone effigy of the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of John of Gaunt, sister of Henry IV., wife of John Holland, Duke of Exeter, and afterwards of Sir J. Cornwall, Lord Fanhope. She died 1420, and was originally buried with her husband in Whitefriars Monastery, London. All the monuments have been re- paired and repainted. There is an ancient preaching-cross in the ch.-yd. The rly. then enters Worcestershire. 5i m. the Tenhury Stat. (Inn: The Swan.) See Rte. 25. Whitton Court, a mansion of wood and stone erected early in the 16th centy. It was a seat of the Charltons. Robert C. who resided here in the reign of Chas. I., was a considerable sufferer in the Royal cause. The interior contains some good oak wainscot ings. 2 m. from the Woofferton Stat., Richard^s Castle. This manor was given by Edw. VI. to tlie see of Worcester, and held subsequently by the lessees of the Bishops. Its castle was erected in the reign of Edward the Confessor. A fragment of the walls remains, yet so concealed by the luxuriant wood about it as scarcely to be discovered until it is nearly approached. Upon the eminence near the castle a body of Royalists, under Sir T. Ruudesford, were defeated in 1645 by an inferior force commanded by Colonel Birch. " Beneath this castle nature, which nowhere disporteth itself more in showing wonders than in waters, hath brought forth a pretty well, which is always full of little fish-bones, or as some think of small frog-bones, al- though they be from time to time drawn quite out of it, whence it is ' called Bone-weliy — Camden. j Drayton also notices this " bone- Heref. Boute 40. — Hay Wood — Ludlow — Ludford, 299 well," which had long been a wonder in the minds of the inhabitants : — '* And makes his journey short with strange and sundry tales Of all their wondrous things; and not the least, of Wales Of that prodigious spring (him wondering as he past), That little fishes' bones continually doth c8LSt."—1th Book. ** This phenomenon, long the wonder of the country, results from the usual sloping position of the Ludlow Kocks, which, whilst it de- siccates the higher parts of the ridges, tends to produce natural springs near the foot of these in- clined planes wherever the strata are affected by faults near the junc- tion of the rock and old red sand- stone. The faults, however, act more particularly as dams to the water, and occasion springs. . . . The bones are not those of fishes, but of frogs.' ' — MurcMson. The ch., a fine old structure con- tiguous to the castle, has some good ancient painted glass. 1 m. on 1. Hay Wood, a richly wooded valley of 1500 acres, ren- dered memorable as the scene of Milton's ' Comus.' In 1634 the Earl of Bridgewater, being appointed Pre- sident of the Marches, entered upon his official residence with great stafe. A few days after Lord Brackley, Mr. T. Egerton, and Lady Alice E., riding into Herefordshire on a visit, were beniojhted on their return in the Hay- wood Forest, and the Lady Alice even lost for a short time. This ac- cident, which was attended with no bad consequence, furnished the sub- ject for a mask at a Michaelmas festival, and produced * Comus.* Moor Parh (Mrs. Foster), pur- chased from the Lytteltuns, circ. 1650, by Richard Salwey, a major in the Parliament army, ambassador to Constantinople 1654, and M.P. in the Commonwealth parliaments from 1650-60, with whose descendants it remained till it was, 1882, sold to Jonas Foster, Esq. 23J m. Xiudlow Stat. (Inns, 2nd class: — Angel; Feathers). 2 J m. Overton Lodge (T. C. Bridges, Esq.), Overton House (Richard Betton, Esq.). 4 J m. Elton Hall. (In Hand- book for Shropshire.) Ashford Hall (John Marriott, Esq.), Ashford House (Miss Hall), Ashford Court (Hon. G. S. Douglas Pennant), Temeside (Alfred Salwey, Esq.), Ashford Grove (F. W. Frit- chard, Esq.). Saltmore Well, a saline spring which has afforded much benefit in scorbutic disorders. The water con- tains carbonate of iron, with sulphate of magnesia and muriate of soda. In a rural cottage, under Tinker's Hill, warm and cold salt-water baths may be obtained on reasonable notice. HucWs Barn, a farm-house, noto- rious as having been the residence of the uncle of George Barnwell. Tra- dition assigns a piece of adjoining ground, still called Barnwell s Green, as the spot where the murder was perpetrated. Ludford ch. and village are sepa- rated from Ludlow by the Terne. Ludford House (Mrs. Munro). of 14th- ceiity. date, tlie old-fashioned seat of the Oharltons, adjoins the road, and formed part of the Hospital of St. John, founded in the 12th centy. It was granted to the Earl of Warwick, of whom it was purchased by Wm. Fox, M.P., Secretary to the Council of the Marches, and by his family sold in 1667 to the Charltons, a branch of the family of Apley Castle, near Wellington in Salop. Of this ancient family were Sir Robt. C, who suffered much by his loyalty to Charles I.; Sir Job C, Speaker of the House of Commons in 1685, and a Judge of the Common Pleas, who entertained James 11. here with great state in 1687, and was by 300 Bte, 41. — Leominster to -Kington and Leintwardine, Sect. III. that monarch created a baronet, an honour which became extinct in 1784. The table at which the King dined is in the hall, and is made out of one slab of oak. Sir Job founded a hospital here in 1672 for 6 poor per- sons. In the Ear. Eng. ch. is a tomb, having the iigures of a man and wife, for Wm. Fox, Esq. (died 1554), and a long train of children; also tlie effigy of Sir Job Ciiarlton in judicial attiie. The neighbourhood of Ludlow presents some curious geological sec- tions, especially of the beds below the old red series. " The upper beds, forming the downward passage from the old red system, aie yellowish sandstones, of a very fine gi ain, and slightly micaceous. They are best displayed at Ludford, and on both banks of the Teme near Downton Castle. The central part of the stra- tum is a matted mass of scales, ich- thyodorulites, jaws, teeth, andcopro- lites of fishes. These, together with a few small testacea, are united by a gingerbread -coloured cement, in which varying proportions of carb. of lime, iron, ph. of lime, and bitumen are disseminated. Many of the im- bedded fragments are of a jet-black colour and high polish, others of a deep mahogany hue. So brilliantly black are many of the organic frag- ments that, when discovered, this bed conveyed the impression that it enclosed a triturated heap of black beetles cemented in a rusty ferrugi- nous paste." — MurcMson. Sheet House (H. H. Bean, Esq.). The Teme is crossed by an ancient bridge, which connects Herefordshire with Salop ; the view of the river from it will gratify the traveller. 28 m. Onibury Stat. This is the part of the railway used by travellers seeking the Leintwardine district, from which it is only 3 m. distant. EOUTE 41. LEOMINSTER TO KINGTON AND PRESTEIGN BY RAILWAY, AND TO LEINTWARDINE BY ROAD. The northern parishes of Here- fordshire, though enclosed in an iron belt of the railway system, lie at a distance from the stations which are accessible from Leominster. A branch rly. of 13 m. connects Leominster Stat, with the market towns of Kington and Presteign. 3 m. S.W. Monldand. A parish which derives its name from a cell of Benedictine monks founded by Ralph Tony, in the reign of William Rufus, and given to the Abbey of Conches in Normandy. On the suppression of alien priories, it was given, 13 Edward IV., to the Dean and Canons of Windsor. In lh5() it was purchased from the Parlia- mentary Commissioners by Ralph Darnall, Esq., and in 1661 restored to its previous owners, by whom it was leased for 3 lives to Mr. Darnall, This Church has been rebuilt under the superintendence of Mr. G. E, Street. " Every wrought stone of the old building has been replaced, the original roof repaired."* The chancel is new, and its E. window is filled with stained glass by Hard- man. The reredos has in the centre an alabaster crucifix under a canopy of Purbeck marble, and on either side are two figures, — the V. M. and "the other Mary" on N., and St. John and Mary Magdalene on S. The altar is of cedar, with oak- tracery and walnut panels. The roof of the chancel is panelled, and co- vered with decorations designed by Heref. Boute 41. — Kingsland — Ludon, 301 Street^ and executed by Harland and Fisher. The oak pulpit has tracery panels of walnut, with statues of the 4 Ijatin Doctors. The S. porch has been thoroughly restored. 5 ra. N.W. Kingsland Stat. In this long and neat village on the Lug many of the houses are tastefully de- corated with various climbing plants. Under the Heptarchy this was a resi- dence of Merewald King of Mercia, who was buried here. The site of his castle is denoted by a large mound of earth. The Ear. Dec. Church (re- stored 1868), built by Edmund Mor- timer in the 13th centy., is large, with a low embattled tower. The windows of the chancel are filled with good stained glass, some of which is ancient; that at the E. end in memory of a former rector. The ceiling is illuminated, and its floor covered with Godwin's encaustic tiles. A stone screen divides it from the nave, the roof of which has been opened out. The tower has also been opened, and one of its windows filled with memorial glass. On E. side of the porch is one of those curious places built for the residence of a recluse, known as the Volka's Cham- ber. Street Court (B. L. Sanders, Esq.), an old mansion of the Crowther family, on the Koman road, known as the " Herefordshire lane." 2 m. from the village, near a mile- stone at the junction of 4 roads, is a pedestal erected to commemorate the important and sanguinary battle of Mortimer's Cross, fought here on Candlemas Day, 14(')1, from sunrise to sunset, when victory declared for the Yorkists against the forces of the Lancastrians, under Tudor Earl of Pembroke, with the loss of 3800 slain, and secured the ascent of the Earl of March to the throne. The historians relate that at the commencement of the battle three distinct suns were seen in the heavens, which gradually merged into one. Edw. ly. from this circumstance as- sumed a triple sun in full brightness as his heraldic cognizance ; — " Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun. Not separated by the racking clouds, But severed in a pale clear shining sky. See ! see ! they join, embrace, and seem to kiss, As if they vow'd some league inviolable. Now are they but one lamp, one light, one sun." Shakespeare. This was the last great battle fought within the limits of this county. 2 m. S. Eardisland, a village of pleading appearance, with many half-timbered houses of 15th-century erection, through which the river Arrow flows. The Church, restored 1869, at a cost of 1800Z., is a build- ing of 12th-centy. work, consisting of a nave of unusual length and of primitive construction, its chancel having been included in it. The tower and S. porch are of 15th-centy. date. The chancel, which has a sacristy on its N. side, is good De- corated work. Burton Court (John Clowes, Esq.) ; Lynch Court (P. Turner, Esq.). 2J m. N. from Kingsland Stat., LuctoHy where a grammar-school for boys, founded in 1708, and liberally endowed by John Pierre- point, Esq., a London merchant, and a native of this parish, enjoys great repute as a place of education. It has an endowment of 1700Z. per annum. The salary of the head master is 1201. per annum, with a good house and fields adjoining. He is allowed to take a limited number of private pupils. The school has exhibitions of 601. to Oxford and Cambridge. 4 m. Yatton Court (Rodney Ward, Esq.). The Ear. Eng. Church of AymestreycontQ.ms some herringbone masonry in its S. wall; an ancient 302 Boute il.— Croft Castle ^Wa;pley HUl Sect. III. tomb, attributed to the founder and his wife ; also tablets to the Dunne family. This village is a favourite resort for anglers, who obtain accom- modation at the small yet respect- able inn at Mortimer's Cross. " It is the haunt of the Pentamerus Knightli, and one of the most classic spots to the geologist. The lime- stone occupies the picturesque gorge of the Lug, which contains some of the finest trout and grayling in Eng- land. It was in this neighbourhood that Mr. Lewis was enabled to define the Upper Silurian, to class them by means of their fossils, and thus to contribute very materially to the foundation of the Silurian System.*' — Symonds. In a field called the Harps, on a farm called the Haven, is an oak- tree having the misletoe-plant grow- ing on it. The road N. of it is part of the "Watling Street, crossing the Lug, and proceeding to Shrewsbury. 4 m. N. Croft Castle (Kev. W. Kevil Davies), tiie seat of an ancient family of that name from the days of Edward the Confessor to the reign of George III., when it was sold by Sir H. Croft, Bt., to Mr. Johnes, M.P., who made this picturesque spot his residence before he lavished his wealth on Hafod. Sir John Croft, who married a daughter of Owen Glendower ; Sir James Croft, a distinguished soldier in the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth, condemned for a participation in Wyatt's re- bellion, but pardoned by Elizabeth, and afterwards intrusted by her with many important oftices ; Herbert C, Bp. of Hereford 1661-91, and his eldest son, created a baronet in 1671, were successive proprietors of this estate. The castle is approached by a beech avenue about half a mile in length. In the park are many trees of re- markably fine growth, among which is " an oak 120 ft. high, with 4 ft. diam. of trunk, and 75 ft. of head* Another, a remarkably regular and handsome tree, 72 ft. high, diam. of trunk 10 ft., and of the head 104 ft. ; '* — and an encampment with a double ditch and rampart, the prospect from which is extensive and grand, com- prehending in its circuit 13 counties* " The magnificent elliptical fortresses of Croft-Ambrey SindWenpley, scarcely 7 m. asunder, are undoubtedly Bri- tish erections. These are tlie most southern of Caractacus's interior line of camps, which commences in the N. at Hen Dinas." — Sal. Antiq. The Amhrey is of an elliptical form, and named after Ambrosius, a cele- brated British hero. In the ch. is a monument to Col. Wm. Croft, killed in 1645 at Stoke Say fight. On leaving the Kingsland Station, the rly. crosses Shobdon MarsheSy an extensive tract of land now drained. 7 J m. Pemhridge Stat. This exten- sive village was once a market town. Its spacious ch. is Ear. Dec. of 14th- centy. date, having a curiously- shaped detached belfry of wooden- framed work. Moor Court (Mrs. Davies), Byletts (E. B. Evans, Esq.), Broxwood (R. S. Cox, Esq.). 2 m. W. Stanton Park (H. King King, Esq.), a modern mansion. 1 m. N. is Wapley Hill (1100 ft.), which hna on its summit one of the finest elliptical camps extant. It was occupied by Caractacus. The entrance was from the S., but several breaches have been made in the works. The banks and ditches are five-fold, ex- cept on the N. side, which, being inaccessible, has only one vallum running along the brow of the hill. A reservoir still exists in which there is a constant supply of water. The slope of the eminence is covered with wood, and its N. extremity is washed by a brook flowing in the Lug. I Heref. Boute 41. — Shohdon Court ; Church. 303 3 m. N. Shohdon Court (Lord Bate- man). The mansion, erected temp. George I. by Viscount Bateman, in tlie style of Louis XIV., has lately undergone extensive alterations. " The most remarkable sprinirs in tliis county are the Lady-pools in Shobdon Marshes, where the limpid chalk-like stream of the river Pins- ley has its origin. They are several in number with an area of half an a'^re, varying every day in form and dimensions from 10 to 30 ft. across and 14 to 20 ft. deep. The water is cold yet clear, and fish are seldom observed near its source. The co- pious supply of water is seen issuing from the bottom by the motion of little confluent cones of fine sand which are continually thrown up, changing their shape, condition, and magnitude every moment, the motion suddenly ceasing in one place and commencing in another ; a jump, or even a shaking of the ground (bog- land), will stop some of the sources and bring new ones into action ; so that the bottom of the pools presents a continually varying aspect, which is really beautiful, and is, of course, no small cause of wonderment to the country people. I would attribute these issues to the existence of a longitudinal fault which ranges from N.E. to 8.W:*—MurcMson. Shobdon hill is estimated to be 1000 ft. in height. The old Church of Shobdon, erected in the 12th centy. by Oliver de Merly- mond, was, with the exception of its tower, pulled down in the last centy. Its richly-sculptured arches and pil- lars were fortunately re-erected in the park. J'he ancient font is preserved. Its bowl is supported by 4 animals intended to symbolize the Evan- gelists. The 3 principal arches of the old church were carefully preserved by Visct. B., and re-erected in the park, where they still continue. These re- mains are interesting as beautiful specimens of Norm . ornamental sculp- ture. The middle arch, which is much larger than the two others, was probably the one which separated the nave from the chancel ; the two smaller ones, doorwavs of the build- ing. Two tympanums, each adorned with very bold and fine bas-reliefs, are also preserved, but they do not appear to belong to the smaller arches. That on the right represents the Deity seated with a round aureole, sup- ported by 4 angels. The left tym- panum contains an allegorical group of figures. The pillars supporting the arches display an extraordinary richness of ornament, consisting of men, animals, dragons, foliage grace- fully arranged, elegant knotted work, and various kinds of tracery. The outer pillar on 1. hand side is a slen- der shaft of scroll-work, with a capital on which is sculptured a dragon. The next is ornamented with figures of men, supposed to represent Welsh knig^hts, arranged in couples, and in- terwoven with tracery. The third pillar is much larger than tlie others ; the ornaments on rt. side consist of a variety of knots and animals (chiefly birds) placed within medallions, which are joined together by faces of monsters." — Archseol. Journ. 235. Viscount B., who held several ap- pointments in the household of George II., represented Woodstock and Leominster 1747-84, was Lord- Lieut, of Herefordshire, and died 1802, when his title became extinct, and these estates passed to his cousin, William Hanbury, Esq. His eldest son was the colleague in parliament of Mr. Perceval for the town of Northampton, when that statesman's death was accomplished by the act of an assassin. He was created Baron Bateman of Kelmarsh, near Northampton, in 1837, was Lord Lieutenant of this county, and died 1845. His eldest son, the present peer, possesses the estates and the honours enjoyed by his father. In the modern ch. are monuments to 304 Boute 41. — Titley^Presteign. Sect. III. Viscount Bateman and other mem- bers of the family. After leaving the Vale of the Arrow, the rly. passes through deep cuttings and over strong embank- ments to 12 m. Titley Stat. IJ m. Titley village, in which a priory of Benedictine monks subor- dinate to the Abbey of Tyrone in France was founded in the reign of Edward III. On the suppression of alien priories it was given by Henry V. to the college ' of Winchester. Titley Court (C. W. Greenly, Esq.), a stone mansion ornamented with battlements, and consisting of parts somewhat dissimilar in character. A park stocked with deer adjoins the house, which stands in the vil- lage. The Church (restored 1869) is a modern building, containing mo- numents, removed from the former edifice, to members of the Greenly family from 1583 to the present reign. In the ch.-yard are lofty tombs in memory of the Hon. Edvv^ard Harley, M.P., author of the Imprest (d. 1735), and for Kev. Joseph Guest, canon of Hereford Cathedral (d. 1759). 1 m. from village Eyivood, a man- sion of 17th-centy. erection, with extensive additions. The estate was given by Sir Edward Harley, K.B., to his second son, whose eldest son Edward Harley, M.P. for Hereford- shire, succeeded to the peerage as third Earl of Oxford in 1741, on the decease of his cousin, and this man- sion became the chief residence of himself and of his descendants. Edward, Lord Harley, succeeded his father as fourth Earl in 1755, and dying s. p. in 1790, his title devolved upon his nephew Edward, whose father, the Bishop of Hereford, had died suddenly in 1788. On the dec« ase of Alfred, the sixth Earl, in 1853, the peerage became extinct. A branch rly. is constructed from this station to 3J m. Presteign Stat. (Pop. 2217), (Inn: Radnorshire Arms), a neat town, containing 4 principal streets, divided by the Lug from Hereford- shire. The county ^j:aol stands apart from the town. The assizes and quarter sessions are held in the Shire- hall, erected 1829. Malt is made here in large quantities, and there is a limited trade in timber. "There is a stone bridge over Lugge at Presteine, which towne was endowed of late yeares wdth privileges and a markett by the in- tercession of Richard Martin, Bishop of St. David, and before Chancellour of the Merches. It was but a welsh village about King Edward 4th time, before the Bishop made it a market-towne, that now is very cele- brated for come." — Leland. The site of the castle of the N. end of the town has been tastefully laid out as a promenade, with a bowl- ing-green on the summit. It is called the Warden Walks, and was pre- sented to the inhabitants bv the Earl of Oxford. On Pilleth Hill, beyond Presteign, Owen Glendower encountered and took captive Mortimer. Shakespeare places the scene of combat on the banks of the Severn, which river, as they stooped to drink — " Affrighted with their bloody looks, Ran fearfully among the tremuling reeds. And hid his crisped head in a hollow banl?, Bloodstctined with these valiant combatants." 1 m. N.E. Boultihrohe (Sir H. J. Brydges, Bart.), and 3 m. Norton Manor (Sir Richard Green-Price, Bart., M.P.). 5 m. S.E. is Knill Court, a large Elizabethan mansion (Sir John Walsham, Bart.). This manor has belonged to the Knill and Walsham families since the 12th centy. The ch. contains the remains of Sir I Samuel and Lady Rom illy, who died Heref. Boute 41. — Offa's Dyhe — Brampton Hall, 305 1819, and there is a tablet to Lieut. Walsham, killed before Sebastopol. The top of a mountain, known as *'Knill Garraway," is 1200 ft. above ti;e sea-level. Offa's Dyhe is found here in a very perfect state. " It traverses a plain in its course from Lyonshall, and makes an angle with- out any apparent reason. Adapting itself to the natural figures of the summit, it runs round the crest of Herrock, and descends at the N. end. Just upon entering Radnor- shire it passes under Ditch Hill, to which it obviously gives the name, and upon whose summit there is an oval entrenchment, also known as Burva Camp. Thence, winding round Evencoed hill and bank, it leaves the circular work of Castle Ring below it to the W., and the two rectangular camps of Cair-Din, one to S.W. and the other to N.E. Its course then lies nearly straight- forward for 6 m., till it reaches Knighton, during the greater part of which distance it is but little altered or depressed." — Sal. Antiq. IJ m. Stapleton Castle, a mound once surmounted with defences, and connected with outworks; dismantled in*the Civil War. 4 m. N.E. Kinsham Chapel, a small modern building, the burial- place during several generations of the Harley family. Kinsham Court (The Lady Dunsany). Below this mansion is Kinsham Dingle, a most picturesque spot, and a favourite place of resort for parties of plea- sure. The river Lug winds round it. Near this, about J of a m. from the 1. bank of the river Lug, are the remains of Lymbrook Nunnery, founded for Benedictine nuns by one of the Mortimers according to Leland, but other writers name Robert de Lingham as its founder. It was an alien priory, being a cell to Aveney in Normandy. 4 m. on the road to Leintwardine is Lingen village, where are some remains of a small feudal fortress. [G., W, & iT.] 7 m. Knighton Stat. (The Chan- dos Arms ; Company's Hotel), on- the Mid- Wales rly., w^hich joins the Shrewsbury and Hereford at the Craven Arms Station. 6 m. E. Stanage Park is within the limits of Radnorshire (C. C. Rogers, Esq.). 5 m. Brampton Bryan (Pop. 430), a village in which a fair of great repute for horses bred on the moun- tains and commons of an exten- sive district is held on June 22. It was anciently the lordship of Brian de Brampton, whose heiress Margaret conveyed it in marriage to Robert de Harley, temp. Hen. III. The Harley s, previous to this mar- riage, had been seated at Harley Castle, in Salop, from a period ante- cedent to the Norm. Conquest. The castle, placed near the Teme, and close to the village and church, was twice besieged in the Civil Wars by the Royalists, and ultimately burnt in 1644, up to which time it was the chief residence of the family. Some of the walls remain, but the interior parts are wholly destroyed. The towers which flank the entrance- gate are covered with ivy ; and a handsome bay window of 2 stories, in Ashlar work, like one at Sudeley, having a doorway on its eastern side, remams. Brampton Hall (Robt. Harley, Esq.), a handsome brick mansion, with stone facings. *The Church, a curious old building attached to the keep of the ruined castle, was de- stroyed during the sieges, and the present edifice rebuilt by Sir Robert Hurley. A tomb from the old church has a recumbent figure on it, which, from the costume, is supposed to represent Margaret, the heiress of the Bramptons. It contains a large marble tablet in memory of Robert, first Earl of Oxford, who, after liis release from the Tower, in 1717, until his death, 1724, lived at Wim- pole, but was buried here. The park, nearly 6 m. in circumference, X 306 Boute 41. — Castle Weir — Kington, Sect. III. is separated from the house and ch. by the roadway, and contains some of the largest trees in England. Im- mediately above the ch. is Coxwall Knoll, on which the decisive battle between Caractacus and Ostorius Scapula was fought a.d. 52. It is situated in a beautiful valley, luxuriantly covered with wood, with a very strong entrenchment of British construction on the top, the access to which is difficult on all sides. On the S. an artificial terrace is cut along the brow of the hill in front of the entrenchment, and the Teme flows below, in the same di- rection. Coxwall Knoll is not in itself so commanding and important a position as the Britons usually chose, neither is it marked by the acclivities and precipitous descents witii which they are generally cha- racterised. It is an oblong eminence, containing about 20 acres, of no very great altitude above the surrounding plain, girt by double mounds and ditches, which, according to constant custom, follow the natural outline and fall of the hill. However, there is one peculiarity which makes the work remarkable and totally unlike any other example of castrametation in the whole chain of these border forts, — a sort of double camp, as though one part had grown out of the other. This point serves as the boundary lines of Salop and Here- ford." — Harishorne. In this park are some of the finest beeches in the kingdom, especially a group near the cottage, and those in one of the recesses of the hill. 2 m. S. Lyonshall, Castle Weir (Col. K. Price), a fine fragment of Otfa's Dyke; adjoining the ch. are remains of a circular keep and the inner moat of the castle, tolerably perfect. It, and the surrounding country, formed part of the estate of Bohun Earl of Hereford, given by Richard 111. to reward his weak and greedy minion Stafferd Duke of Buckingham, who, in spite of this and other concessions, here raised the standard of revolt among his Welsh tenantry in favour of Henry Tudor, Earl of Kichmond. He, how- ever, displayed little skill as a com- mander, allowing tlie bridges over the Severn to be broken belbre him, and while seeking a passage along its rt. bank, iie w^as deserted by most of his Welsh auxiliaries, whom he was unable to feed. The church, Ear. Eng. with later insertions, has an ancient font and Norm, tower. Elsdon Court (Capt. Bennet) ; The Moor (Stephen Robinson, Esq.) ; The Whittern (^Richard Green, Esq.). 1.3f m. Kington Stat. (Oxford Arms ; 3200 Inhab.), a market town in a fertile valley watered by the Arrow, on the confines of Radnor- shire, consists of 4 principal streets, and has a commodious market-hall. The Churchy of Ear. Eng. and Dec. styles, standing on an eminence above the town, was restored in 1866. It consists of a nave 50 ft. in height, aisles, chancel, tower bearing an octagonal spire, N. porch, and mor- tuary chapel. Its chancel is an ex- cellent specimen of Ear. Eng. style, whilst its tower, though low, is re- markable for its massive proportions. In the Vaughan Chapel, a Per p. addi- tion adjoining the chancel, is a fine ~ alabaster altar-tomb, having the full - aized recumbent effigies of Thomas Vaughan, of Hergest (d. 1461), and Ellen, his wife, in the attitude of prayer. The male figure wears the armour of the period, of the best workmanship. The female, in a long robe, girted round the middle and in folds below, with a splendid head-dress and necklace. This tomb deserves notice. On the wall above the tomb the pedigree and armorial bearings of this family are affixed. The grammar-school, a picturesque Elizabethan building, was founded in 1632 by Margaret, Lady Hawkins, widow of Sir John Heref. Boute 4:1,— Castle Hill—Wigmore Castle. 307 H., Treasurer of the Navy, and one of the Vaughan family. The pe- destal, and a portion of the shaft of the old stone cross, are in the ch.- yard, whicli is mainly occupied by large sepulchral memorials, enclosed in iron railings, too numerous for meution in this work. Castle Hill is a rocky eminence 500 yards N. of the church. "Much of the coarse detritus is lodged upon the western limits of the old red sandstone, and is found always in situations where the boul- ders may be traced, within the space of a few miles, to their parent rocks. Thus, in the neighbourhood of Kington, the large blocks of syenite, hypersthene rock, or other varieties of trap and of Cambrian or Silurian rocks, which are strewn over the sur- face, have been rolled otf from the adjoining hills of old Radnor, a tract formerly much subject to volcanic action." — Sil. Sys. IJ m. Hergest Courts on an eleva- tion above the river Arrow. The erection of this ancient residence is attributed to Thomas Ap Rosser, in the early part of the 15th century. He was son of Sir Roger Vaughan of Bredwardine; and tliis mansion continued with his descendants until it passed with other estates on the marriage of Mi^s Vaughan with tlie Hon. Dr. Harley, Bishop of Hereford. A great portion of the original house has been pulled down, and the exist- ing portion used as a farm-house. Bidgebourne House (R. W. Banks, Esq.), erected in 1807 on an emi- nence at the foot of Hergest Ridge. There are several fine timber trees near the house, conspicuous among which is an elm. 2 m. W. a stone marks the boundary of Hereford and Radnor shires, and consequently of England and Wales, near which, on a rocky height, is Old Radnor Ch., containing an ancient font and monuments lor Rt. Hon, Sir T. Frankland Lewis, Bart., M.P. (d. 1855), and his distinguished son Rt. Hon. Sir G. Gornewall Lewis, Bart., M.P. (d. 1863). 3 m. W. Harpton Court (late Rev, Sir Gilbert Lewis, Bart.). 4 m. from Kington is Huntington^ where a border castle was erected at an early period to guard the frontier of the Welsh Marches. Its position was commanding, having an exten- sive prospect on the E., and over- looking the Gladestrey valley on the N. ; but the traces of its foundations justify the inference that it was not erected as a residence. The Park (Henry Romilly, Esq.). In the adjoining parish to Glades* trey is Evancoed House, tiie modern mansion of R. Baskerville Mynors, Esq., whose maternal ancestor, au- ditor of Wales temp. Charles I., was seated here. At the distance of 8 m. from Ludlow, and 7 m. from Kingsland Stat, is Wiginore, a decayed town, once the abode of the warlike Mor- timers. The Castle of this family, who occupy such a distinguished place in the annals of English his- tory, and who ultimately obtained the crown in the person of Edward IV., is now a complete ruin at the end of the village, but the remains are sufticient to show the strength and importance of this once princely resi- dence. The outward wall is the most perfect, though of this a very considerable part is destroyed. With- in the area, on a high artificial hill, are the ruins of the keep, chiefly consisting of massive fragments over- looking the country to the N. and E. When the original fortress was founded is unknown ; but there was certainly a castle here before the time of Edward the Elder, who is recorded to have repaired Wigmore. "It is impossible to contemplate the massive ruins of Wigmore Castle, situate on a hill in an amphitheatre of mountains, whence its owner could X 2 308 Boute 41. — Deer/old — Downton Castle, Sect. III. survey his vast estates, from his square palace, with 4 corner towers, on a keep at the S.W. corner of his double trenched outworks, without reflecting on the instability of the grandeur of a family whose ambition and intrigues made more than one English monarch uneasy on his throne ; yet not a memorial remains of their sepulture/' — Carnden. Their immense estates continued part of the royal domain under the 17th ceuty., when Wigmore and a large tract of the surrounding country was granted to the Harleys — of whom the Lord Treasurer, on his elevation to the peerage, was created Earl of Oxford, Earl Mortimer, and Baron Harley of Wigmore. The Church, formerly attached to the wealthy abbey, founded 1179 for monks of the order of St. Austin, is an ancient edifice, containing many portions of early architecture, with good stall wood-work, standing on the pinnacle of a hill, close to a precipice whose chasms are filled by large trees. A secluded hilly tract in this locality, once the extensive forest of Deerfold, has lost its wild character, and is under cultivation. On its highest summit, from whence views are obtained of the counties of Glou- cester, Worcester, Salop, Brecon, Kadnor, and Montgomery, are the remains of a circular camp, and traces of a ditch which enclose a large portion of the top of the hill. On the Haven Farm, within its ancient limits, there is one of the eight instances only at present known of the misletoe growing on the oak. The Asarahacca, a rare medicinal plant, was found growing in this district in 1869. It has only been discovered growing in five other places in England. Its use as an emetic has been superseded in mo- dern times. A house known as the Chapel Farm is considered to have been erected in the 14th century. At 9 m. on rt. are the remains of Wigmore Abbey and Grange; near them is the strong work of Bran- don Camp, the Bravinium of the Komans. It forms a counter-work to the stronghold of Coxwall Knoll, 3 m. E., and is qufidrangular with a single ditcli and rampart. It was occupied by Ostorius previous to his decisive victory over Caractacus. Nu- merous tumuli are to be seen along the old route between this place and Clungunford. 10 m. Leintwardine, a well-built village pleasantly situated on the Teme. It was known to the Eo- mans as Bravinium; and although its wails are totally destroyed, re- mains of that period are frequently found. The Ked Lion is a comfort- able Inn, much praised by anglers who frequent this spot to enjoy trout and grayling fishing. Permission to sport in the preserved water can be obtained from the landlord of the inn, on payment of a small contribution to the club fund. The Perp. Churchy restored 1865, an interesting build- ing, consists of a lofty nave, with clerestory, and richly carved oak roof, aisles, and chancel, with good sedilia. The steeple is over the S. porch. The font is an interesting specimen of an earlier date. In the chancel is a monument to General Sir B. Tarleton, M.P. for Liverpool 1790-1812, who died here in 1833. About IJ m. E. of the town is Downton Castle (A. R. Bough ton Knight, Esq.), erected 1774-8, by the celebrated scholar Richd. Payne Knight, Esq., M.P. for Ludlov/; and after his decease in 1821 the seat of his brother, T. Andrew Knight, Esq., to whom the horticulture of England is so largely indebted. The castle stands on an elevated bank, sur- rounded by an extensive amphi- theatre of wood, admitting occasional peeps over a varied and beautiful country. The building is composed of a micaceous sandstone raised on the estate, ornamented with Gothic Heref. Boute 42. — Hereford to Hay and Brecon. 309 towers and battlements without, and with Grecian ceilings, columns, and entablatures within; a singularity of formation which entailed much of severe criticisim on the taste of the classic owner, who, in a subsequent publication, ' An Analytical Inquiry into the Principles of Taste,' ob- served, "that though his example liad not been much followed, he had every reason to congratulate himself upon the succe.-s of the experiment, he having, at once, the advantage of a picturesque object, and of an ele- gant and convenient dwelling, though less perfect in both respects than if he had executed it at a maturer age. It has, however, the advantage of receiving alterations and additions in almost every direc- tion, without any injury to its genuine and original cljaracter." The interior is fitted up with great taste, and there are a few select pictures by eminent masters. There is an excellent portrait of Mr. Payne Knight by Lawrence, and of Mr. Thomas A. Knight by Owen. The Teme flows through the grounds, a length of 3 m., passing through a narrow )^et richly wooded gorge of nearly a mile long, with a wild and impetuous current, amid scenery which can be surpassed in beauty and wildness by very few valleys in England. The water-mill and the rustic bridge have almost a Swiss character. On the banks of the Teme, below tlie castle, are the re- mains of an iron-work, whence large fortunes were derived by the grand- father of Mr. Payne Knight and his partner Mr. Walker. The ore was, in those days, conveyed by horses and mules from Staffordshire, to be smelted in the timber- abounding district of Downton. Visitors are allowed to ramble through these pleasing and picturesque walks unaccompanied by a guide, the generous proprietor leaving the pro- tection of his place with those who eeek recreation amid its solitudes. The adjoining church of Burringion contains many cast-iron tablets to the memory of the Knight family, whilst that of Aston is a good speci- men of the Anglo-Norm, style. The round arch separating the nave and the chancel, and the tympanum, are ornamented. N.B.— The Central Wales Ely. passes near many of these parishes, and can be reached N. and W. at the Buclcnell and Hopton Heath Sta- tions. ROUTE 42. HEREFORD TO HAY AND BRECON. This rly., 38 J m., commences at the Barton Stat, and passes near Huntington. The Court (Capt. Lloyd) ; The Moor (F. Chave, Esq.). 4 m. N.W. Burghilh The Norm. Cliurch stands on an eminence close to the old castle, and is included in its outer defences. It contains one of the best specimens of an ancient roodloft in England, with a piscina above it ; a mutilated alabaster altar- tomb of 15th-centy. work has two recumbent figures of Sir John Milborne and his lady ; a brass for Robert Masters (d. 1619), who " tra- velled about the globe of the whole world." An early and curious metal font has sculptured devices round the bowl. In the vestry is a small oblong slab, discovered under the pavement when encaustic tiles were placed 310 Boute 42. — Credenhill — Westmoor. Sect. I II within the comraunion rails; it is of sandstone, divided into compart- ments, each containing some carving of a very incomprehensible character. In the churchyard there is an avenue of fine old yew-trees. 4J m. Credenliill Stat. On the summit of the hill (715 ft.) are the re- mains of an encampment enclosed by a double and precipitous ditch, containing about 50 acres, with 3 en- trances, supposedto have been formed as a protection to the Roman station at Kencii ester : one of the most ex- tensive views in the county is ob- tained from this spot. In the ch., which has a Norm, nave, is a series of windows showing the development of Dec. tracery, from the simple uncusped lancet to the reticulated window of the 14th «enty. Credenhill Park (J. Eckroyd, Esq.). In the garden is a fine tree known as " the Prophet Elm," which rises 40 ft. without throwing out any large branch. Its girth is 14 ft. 11 in. Its name is obtained from a family superstition, that it foretells a death by the breaking off of a large bough. In one of the chancel windows are two figures in old stained glass of 14th-centy. date, in which are the figures of Thomas a Becket and his fellow saint Thomas de Can- tilupe. 1 m. S. the small Church of Stret- ton Sugwas, within which was a Norm, doorway witha sculptured tympanum of Samson pulling a lion's jaws asunder, has been replaced by a new buil'iing near the road from Here- ford to Hay ; the tympanum and all interesting work, window-tracery, &c., as well as the wooden tower, have been transferred to the new Church There are old encaustic tiles and a good oak roodscreen. In the Rectory grounds is a fine specimen of the elm, which at 5 ft. from the ground measures 21 feet 2 inches in girth. IJ m. Kenchester, the Magna Castra of the Romans, and ancient capital of the district. This early and interesting station seems to have been in the form of an irregular hexagon, its area being raised above the level of the adjacent country, and was once surrounded by a wall, the foundations of which may be traced, on four of the five sides which en- close the camp ; coins, personal orna- ments, pottery, leaden pipes of Roman manufacture, scoriae, mosaic-work, of various objects of jet, bone, and metal, have been frequently found within the enclosure. Kenchester ch. contains a font of Norm, date, by some supposed to be cut out of a Roman column. The Weir (Mrs. Griffiths), situ- ated on a steep ascent above the river, which, indulging in one of its beautiful curves, affords from its ser- pentine course most picturesque views. At Bridge Sellers, 3 m., Offa's Dyke commences on 1. bank of the Wye, and is easily followed many miles northward. 2 m. N. the interesting though unpretending Church of Brinsop. In the aisles are windows of good Ear. Dec, and on N. wall is a Norman tympanum of St. George's triumph over the dragon. In the chancel are monuments to the Danseys, who resided during several generations at the Court, a house sur- rounded by a deep moat, and a valu- able example of early 14th-centy. work. A massive open roof of carved oak is in good preservation. Wm. Dansey, Esq., of this place, the friend of the poet Phillips, married the heiress of Sir Frances Russell, of Strensham, in "Worcestershire. Westmoor, a flag stat. for the use of Foxley (Rev. G. Davenport). This estate was acquired, temp. Chas. II., by Mr. Baron Price on his marriage with a co-heiress of the Rodd family. Heref. Boute 42. — Moorhampfon — Weohley, 311 He erected the present mansion in 1717, and died 1734. By his grand- son, Sir Uvedale P., author of a well- known ' Essay on the Picturesque,' the grounds and plantations were greatly improved, and a charming ride of IJ m. was formed throuiS'^7. 8ys. From the fertility of its soil this park exhibits an unusual number of grand trees besides the oaks, such as ash, wych-elms, and beeches. The Norm. Churchy a curious struc- ture, has an eastern npse and ground plan like that at Kilpeck. It has been restored by G. G. Scott, The fine Norm, arc lies and sculptured tympanum are interesting. In the chancel is an altar-tomb, probably of one of the De Fresne family, whose arms appear in the stained glass of 3 of the windows. The figure is clothed in armour, over which is the "cyclus," a garment rarely found, and of which the example seen here is unique in England. The early Norm, font is intact. In the presby- tery is a tine monument of 15th centy. ; and there are many tablets for members of the Cornewall family. On an eminence beyond the park is a large and peculiar kind of British cromlech, called Arthur^ s Stone.'' A large slab of sandstone, tradi- tionally said to mark the burial- place of that famous British chief- tain, now broken in the middle, is elliptical in form, 18 ft. in length, 9 ft. broad, and in thickness 2 ft. It was originally supported by 11 up- right stones, some of which are fallen; other stones are scattered round, and there is a small mound near it. At the foot of this hill is an oak in vigorous condition, and of nearly 200 years' growth, on which the niisletoe is growing in 15 difterent places. 13f m. Eardisley Junct. Stat. A branch line runs hence to Titley, passing l>y Almeley and Lyonshall. The family of Baskerville was seated here from the reign of Will. I. until 1640. A small portion of their fortified castle remains, the residue of it was demolished in the Civil Wars. The ch., E. Eng., was restored at the cost of its patron, W. Perry-Herrick, Esq. There is an Ang:lo-Norm. font of curious and elaborate sculpture. Figures of the Apostles are carved round the large bowl. Coke, Bp. of Hereford, ejected by the Parliamen- tarians, died at his paternal seat of Lower Moor in this parish, 1G46, and was buried in the chancel. IJ m. from the stat. is the Eardisley Oak^ "a fine old tree with an immense head, wider than that of the Cow- thorpe ; the trunk is 18 ft. high, and 30 ft. in girth at 3 ft. from the ground, which in warm weather serves as a retreat for pigs and sheep. It covers a surface ot 324 ft. in circular extent ; some of its branches are 2 ft. in diameter." iemore (Gen. Coke, C.B.). 2 m. N. Almeley Church, of 14th- centy. work. The clerestory windows are large, and contain good Dec. tracery. Newport House was pur- chased, c. 1850, by K. Foley Onslow, Esq., of Stardens near Newark, the representative of a junior branch of the Foley family who supplii-d sheriffs and M.P.s to the county up to the reign of Charles II. It had previously had the Pembers and the Monningtons for its owners. 16J m. Whitney Stat. The Court (T. Dew, Esq.). The rly. is carried over the Wye, and considerable diffi- culty was experienced in obtaining firm foundation for the bridge. On 1. Meerhach Rill (1000 ft ), admired for the bold roughness of its scenery, is a conspicuous object. 314 Monte 42. — Hereford to Brecon. Sect. III. It is a favourite resort for picnic parties. Middlewood (J. Giles, Esq.). Clifford Church, an ancient edifice "with Norm, portions, contains a va- riety of tablets. A castle was erected here, in a.d. 1090, by Wm. Fitz- Osborn, on a rock rising abruptly from the river, of which considerable fragments remain, a favourite resort for pic-nic parties. This castle, and the parish of Fretherne, claim the merit of being the birthplace of Fair Rosamond. The construction of the rly. through this parish was of a laborious and expensive nature. It passes between the river and the ruins of the castle, which may be seen from the carriages. On the opposite bank is Lower Cahalva. and near it Cahalva (Walter S. Broad- wood, Esq.). Cusop Church, a small edifice, has a Romanesque chancel arch, and a round sculptured font of early date. Two yew-trees in the ch.-yard are of great size and antiquity. The largest is 24 ft. in circumference. On 1. Mouse Castle, an eminence of considerable height ; the summit of which is embraced by an entrench- ment 50 yds. in diam. This small area is defended by an embankment thrown up 4 yds. perpendicularly, and by a deep fosse which on 1. pre- sents a solid wall of natural rock. The declivity on all sides is very abrupt : although the smallest, it is the strongest camp in the county. The Moor (R. Done, Esq.) ; Clifford Friory (B. Haigh Allen, Esq.). 20f m. Hay Stat. (Inns : Rose and Crown, and Swan). 3 m. Llowes Church, built on the site of the old one, and, with the ex- ception of part of the old tower, in the gray stone of the country, with Bath stone dressings. It is a pure specimen of the Early Pointed period, and consists of a nave, chancel, and porch entrance, with a vestry on the north side. An open arch into the tower displays a large three-light tracery window. The chancel win- dows are filled with stained glass by Ward, of London. The E. window representing the four Evangelists, and a medallion above contains the " Institution of the Eucharist." The S. windows represent " Christ bless- ing little cliildren " and " His stilling the Tempest," the latter a very ap- propriate design, it being placed by members of his family as a thank- offering for the safe return of Ad- miral Collinson from the Arctic seas. The N. window represents " The Nativity ;" and the subject of a small gable window is " The Holy Ghost descending like a dove." The roof of the nave is of a high pitch, stained dark oak ; that of the chancel is plastered between the timber, coloured ultramarine blue, and powdered with gilt stars. The pave- ment is of red and black tiles. 4 m. Maesllwch Castle (Walter de Winton, Esq.), pronounced Mas-sloo, erected on the site of a former man- sion, the seat of Sir H. Hovarth, 1828-39. "The situation of Maes- llwch, formerly a Roman station, the ancient seat of the Howarths, is one of the finest in Wales. The view from the front is wonderfully gratifying. The park extends to the river, which encircles it with a curve at the distance of half a mile. The banks are enriched with various objects, amongst which the bridges and the tower of Glasbury ch. are conspicuous ; a distant country, equally enriched, fills the remote parts of the landscape, which is ter- minated by mountains." — Gilpin. 2 m. Clyro Court (Walter Basker- ville, Esq.). 24f m. Glasbury Stat. 26 m. Three Cocks Junction Stat. i m. hence is the tine modern man- sion of Thomas Wood, Esq., with Deer Park, now called Gwernyfed. 28i m. Talgarth Stat. 34 m. Talyllyn Junction Stat. 38i m. Brecon Stat. {Hotel: The Castle.) See Handbook of 8. Wales. HePwEF. Boute 43. — Hereford to Abergavenny and Newport. 315 EOUTE 43. HEREFORD TO ABERGAVENNY AND NEWPORT, BY PONTRILAS [ABBEY DORE]. Eailway 39 m. Hereford Barrs Stat., see Kte. 29. This rly. falls into the main Hue about IJ m. from the Barton Stat., no longer used for passenger traffic. On rt. is the wooded demesne of Belmont (F. K. Wegg Prosser, Esq.), bounded by an imposing length of deep water, unusually placid for the Wye, a favourite resting-place of the salmon. The mansion was built of Bath, stone, 1788-90, from a design of Wyatty and the extensive lawns and plantations were laid out under the superintendence of their owner. Col. Matthews, M.P. for the county 1804-6, father of the talented author of ' The Diary of an Invalid,' and of C. Skinner Matthews, the friend of Lord Byron, accidentally drowned in the Cam, 1811. Near the kitchen garden is a well-balanced tree known as Col. Matthew's Oak. A cast-iron tablet near it is thus inscribed : " The acorn was sown at Foxley in 1773, and the sapling planted by John Matthews, Esq., in 1788." This tree now contains 140 ft. of timber. The main trunk is 22 ft. in circumference. Between the mansion and the road is a Roman Catholic Pro-Cathedral of St. Michael and The Angels, erected by Mr. Wegg Prosser, from designs by Pugin, in the Dec. style. The length of ch. E. to W. is 113 ft., that of the nave 37 ft. The tracery of windows and mouldings are very elaborate. The East window is filled with stained glass by Hardman, the West consists of five lights below an elaborate Catherine wheel. The exterior and interior of the building are adorned with well - executed carvings of various devices. A monastery, with accommodation for 40 monks of the Benedictine order, is connected with the ch. by a cloister 40 ft. long. Clehonger Church, retaining much Norm, work: the chancel has been rebuilt. In the Aubrey chapel is the effigy in complete armour of Sir Wm. Pembridge, K.G., and a later one of a lady of the Aubrey family ; also tablets for Herbert Aubrey, Esq., M.P. for Hereford (d. 1691); Har- court A., Esq. (d. 1779) ; Richard A., Esq. (d. 1803) ; with monuments for Archdeacon Prosser (d. 1839); Col. Matthews (d. 1826), and other members of his family. 5J m. Eaton Bishop Church has Norm, and Decorated portions, and a well-proportioned interior. The painted glass in E. window is sup- posed to have been originally in the chapel at Sugwas, built by Bp. Spof- forth 1442-48. The estate of tiug- was was a favourite residence of the bishops of this see, and, though separated by the Wye, is within this parish. In 1706 it was leased out by Bp. Humphreys, and ceased to be part of the episcopal estates in 1814^ A British camp, single-ditched ex- cept on the side of the river, contains an area of 40 acres. It seems to have been a temporary stat., and is about J m. W. of the Ch. Lower Eaton (J. Pulley, Esq.) ; Cagehrook (Col. Hopton). I [6J m. from Hereford, Madley Church, carefully restored 1881 by F. Kempson, arch., one of the largest in the diocese— 170 ft. by 68 ft wide. It is also architecturally one of the finest in Herefordshire, and consists of a nave and aisles, with a large chapel annexed to the S. aisle, a handsome tower at W. end, and a 316 Boute 43. — Tram Inn — Much Bewchurch. Sect. III. chancel with crypt Tinderneath ; principally of Dec. work, having a polygonal apse with windows of a peculiar character over a fine octa- gonal crypt, with a central shaft and good groining, reached by two staircases on each side of the chan- cel, but altered in the 14th century, when the vaulted roof and central shaft replaced the original work. The windows, mostly of two lights, have the E. Eng. and Dec. styles much intermixed. The W. portion of the nave is of Late Norm, with cushion capitals scalloped out in an unusual way. The fine E. E. em- battled tower is surmounted by a high turret called " Jacob's Chair." In the chancel are remains of stalls with desks and miserere seats. On rt. of altar are sedilia of Dec. cha- racter, ornamented with wall-flower. The font is unusually large, hollowed out of a large block of pudding stone. The bells were brought in 1538 from the dissolved Abbey of Dore. A Roman road, called " the Stoney Street," is in an unaltered state for a considerable distance. Great Brampton (Rev. J.*C. Mur- ray Aynsley). Chilston Court (Rev. F. S. Stooke). 9 m. W. Tihherton Court (Robert H. Lee Warner, Esq.), a handsome brick mansion of 18th-centy. erec- tion, the seat during many genera- tions of a branch of the Brydges family, for whom there are marble tablets in the small ch., which is also a brick building.] 5 m. Tram Inn Stat. IJ m. N.W. the Ear. Eng. ch. of Allensmore, in i which building may be seen Norm, work, a little good painted glass of 15th cent., and some good monu- ments much injured. Allensmore House (Mrs. Pateshall). Allensmore Ch. has a Norm, doorway and a curious example of 15th-century tracery. 2 m. E. Dewsall Church, restored in 1868, contains monuments of the Pearl family, whose heiress conveyed large estates to the Chandos family. Dewsall is now the property of Guy's Hospital. Above the fireplace in the chief room of the old Court, now a farmhouse, are the arms of Pearle and Boyle carved in wood. 2 J m. S.E. Much Dewchurch — Mynde Park (Hudson Lutwytche, Esq.), an estate purchased early in the 17th centy. by Sir Walter Pye, Attorney-General of the Court of Wards, who died 1635. His sons were staunch Koyalists during the Civil Wars, and in 1662 his grandson was obliged to sell a large portion of his property to pay debts thus in- curred. This gentleman was also a staunch adherent of James XL, and following that monarch into exile had the barren honour and invalid title of Lord Kilpeck given him. His brother Robert Pye continued in possession of the Mynde, and from his descendant it was purchased in 1738 by Richard Symons, a merchant of London. His grandson, Bir Richard Symons, was created a baronet in 1774, and was one of the representatives of Hereford in seve- ral parliaments. Dying in 1797 un- married, his title became extinct, and these estates passed by entail to his collateral relative F. Raymond Symons, Esq., whose grandson is the present proprietor. Bryngwyn (James Rankin, Esq.), in this parish, was the chief seat of the ancient family of the Bodenhams until they removed to Rotherwas, near Here- ford. It was purchased in the reign I of George II. by Thomas Phillipps, Esq., of Eaton Bishop, and by him devised to his youngest son, who died in 1809. The Church is a building exhibiting portions of Norm., Ear. E., and Perp. styles, erected and enlarged by the Abbey of Gloucester, to whom all tithes of the lands had been given by Hugh Lord of Kilpeck. It has been thoroughly restored. There are Heref. Boute 43. — Thruxton — St, Devereux. 317 kneeling marble effigies of Sir Wal- ter Pye, senr., and Joanna his wife, temp. Chas. I., above the pulpit, and recumbent figures of twoBodenhams, a knight and ecclesiastic hard by- it; and mural tablets to the Symons family. The modern lych gate is a memorial to a late rector. The ancient preaching- Cross in the ch.- yard was restored in 1871. 2 m. W. Thruxton. Near the ch., which contains a window tilled with stained glags by Bailey, in memory of Archdeacon Wetherell, is a tumu- lus, conjectured to be of British for- mation. Traces of fire and iron implements were found within it. 4 m. N. Kingstone. Its ancient and small ch. contains shafts and a font of the Norm, period. Ttie E. window has been filled with stained glass in memory of Archdeacon Wetherell, vicar of the parish up- wards of half a century. 7J m. ;S^^. Devereux Stat. On an eminence near the Stat, are the scanty remains of Kilpech Castle, fragments of tiie keep encircled par- tially by a moat, once a place of great strength well adapted to resist the hostile attacks of the Welsh. The site of the priory founded by Hugh Fitz-Norman, in 1184, as a cell to Gloucester Abbey, is now occupied by a farm-liomestead. Kilpech Church is one of the most remarkable struc- tures of its clats in the kingdom. It is a curious, interesting, and un- altered specimen of a late Norm, ch. in which the triple division of nave, choir, and sanctuary are dis- tinctly marked. It was rebuilt in 1848 by the late Mr. Cottingham with the greatest care, each stone being numbered before removal and replaced in its former position, even the mutilated stones being neither refaced nor rejected. It is therefore from this excellent arrangement a genuine restoration, nearly the same structure left by the original builders. The nave is divided from the choir by a richly embellished arch. Be- yond, the chancel or second arch, also richly decorated, terminates in an apse, one of the best preserved Norm, specimens at present known, and of great rarity in this kingdom. On the gables over the chancel are two crosses ; and under the eaves, and all round the building, at the same level, is ranged a corbel table, including 74 designs of heads, human figures, beasts, birds, and monsters, many of them very quaint. In addi- tion to these, at the W. end, are three projecting brackets, one lately restored, carved with heads resem- bling crocodiles, the tongues serving for supports. The doorway on tlie S. side is remarkably fine, having on a tympanum the representation of the Tree of Life, without the figures of animals usually introduced. This is decorated with the zigzag, nail- head, and stud mouldings. The wall around it, to a considerable width, is covered with elaborate Norm, ornaments, including dragons and birds, interwoven twigs, and other patterns. The W. window is surrounded by columns with the cable pattern. The columns sup- porting the central arch of the in- terior are decorated with apostolic figures, and above and on each side are rich mouldings of pointed orna- ments. A font of early date, newly mounted, occupies the centre ; and near it is a vessel for holding holy water, which formerly stood in the doorway. The latter, when perfect, was probably carved to resemble the human body, being clasped with hands in the front. The three small windows in the apse, restored by the Kev. Archer Clive, contain two re- presentations of King David, and another of a lamb bearing a cross." In the ch.-yard are some original epitaphs. On 1. 2 m. Whitfield (Executors of the late C. Meysey B. Clive, Esq.)^ 318 Boute 42. — Whitfield — Ewyas Harold, Sect. III. in the ancient forest of Treville, once the residence of Mr. Booth, the emi- nent conveyancer, has three ap- proaches. The entrance from the station is through a picturesque valley about 1 J mile in extent. The mansion and park have been much improved by its late possessor, and among the paintings is an excellent portrait of the Rt. Hon. Wm. Pitt by Gainsborough and a chef-dCoeuvre of Hogarth. In the walled garden is a noble specimen of the Maidenhair or Gink go, a Japanese tree of fern-like foli- age, supposed to have been planted in 1777 by Lady Catherine Stanhope, then owner of this property. Between Whitfield and Monmouth Cap are numerous courses of small round concretions, which, not being firmly bound together by the matrix, readily separate from the imbedding sand and clay, and are used as gravel for the roads. In the same tract, however, are strong courses of very pure concretionary limestone of purple and green colours, one variety of which appears to have been for- merly used as marble. "The em- bayed flats S. of Whitfield and N. of Monmouth Cap are good examples of the fertile soil produced by the breaking up and disintegration of the cornstone and other members of surrounding old red sandstone." — Sil Sys. I m. S.W. in Wormbridge CJiurch are monuments for Sir Edward Clive, Justice of Common Pleas (d. 1771) ; Hon. Mrs. Clive (d. 1818); E. B. Clive, M.P. (d. 1845). This estate was acquired temp. -Chas. I. by marriage with the heiress of Martin Husbands, Esq., who acted with the opponents of Charles I., by whom he was appointed governor of the Isle of Ely in 1645, and in which ojfice he died in 1647. II m. Fontrilas June. Stat. The Court, a fine old Elizabethan man- sion (long known as the Scudamore I Arms Inn, much patronised by ang- lers), is now the residence of At- wood Mathew, Esq., a seat of a junior branch of the Baskerville family. The old hall has its panel- led wall, oak floor and mullioned windows with the armorial devices of its early possessors uninjured. The Dore and the Monnow are amongst the best trout-streams in the county. The scenery in this neighbourhood is of an undulating and picturesque character. Kenderchurch, on the summit of a small elevation, has a ch. rebuilt in 1871. From Pontrilas there is a branch railway following the Golden Valley and carried as far as Dorstone, by Abbey dore, Vowchurch, and Peter- church. 1 m. Eicyas Harold, a very pic- turesque village of historical interest. The E. Eng. Church, restored 1868, consists of nave, chancel, S. porch, and tower. The latter are excellent specimens of its style of architecture. The framed roof of oak has its timbers oiled. The bowl of the old font is preserved on a modern shaft. In the N. wall of the chancel there is a 14th-century canopy, on the recess of which is a recumbent figure of a lady, also a casket containing the heart of Clarice de la Warr, buried in 1300. It was usual during the Middle Ages to place the hearts of founders or benefactors in this kind of reliquary. The ancient cross has been restored as a memorial of two residents who were active assistants in the restoration of the edifice. Near the ch. is the site of the ancient castle of which Leland writes, — " The fame is that it was builded of Harold before he was kynge, and, when he overcam the Walsche men, Harold gave this castell to his bastard. Great part yet standynge, and a chapel in it. Ther was sumetyme a park by the castell which atondythe on a mene Heref. Boute 43. — Abbey Bore : Church. 319 hill and on the right banke of Dulas- broke. There is a village by the castell called Ewis Haralde." 2 m. N. Dulas Court (Col. Robert Fielden). A window of the ch. has been filled with handsome stained glass, and a reredos, representing the institution of the Holy Eucliarist have been inserted as memorials of Mrs. Fielden. 2i m. Ahhey Bore Stat. The Churchy an interesting edifice amidst fields and woods, at the S. extremity of a fertile valley watered by the river Dore. The monastery, of which the church is the only relic, was founded by Robert Ewias, son of Harold Lord of Ewias, for monks of the Cistercian order. It is the only Cistercian Ch. now used as a parish ch. All the conventional buildings were destroyed, with the exception of one small gable and some ruined walls. The remains of this ch. are most interesting. The nave has a central and a N. and S. aisle. The transepts have an E. aisle, and the choir a single aisle on its N. and S. sides. The style throughout is Ear. Eng., and of that beautiful type in which the capitals are usually formed, with a square abacus ; and the foliage still retains a Nc»rm. character. Tne ex- isting portions of the church consist of the transept, choir with aisles, and 5 chapels to the E. of it. At what was once the intersections of tlie nave and transepts are four lofty arches of great span. E. of eacli transept are 2 arches, one leading into the choir aisle. The choir consists of 3 bays, each containing a large lancet win- dow. The most beautiful and cha- racteristic part of the church is on the E. side of the choir, which, as iu most Cistercian Conventional churches, is square and not apsidal, and there is what appears to be a double aisle carried transversely across the whole E. end of the building. The chapels and aisles \ are vaulted, as were also the choir and transept, although these latter have now a flat wooden roof. The ambulatory, a very rare feature in a Cistercian ch., goes all round the transepts. There are several piscinae and aumbreys worth notice, and some hinges of beautiful workman- ship on the door in the N. aisle of choir. The heart of Bishop John de Breton was deposited beneath a diminutive efligy. In two of the E. chapels are some altar-tombs of later date than the ch., with figures of knights in chain armour. One of these is for Robert Ewias, the founder. Tliere is an altar-tomb for John Hoskyns, S. L. (d. 1636). The tower is placed in the S.E. angle of the choir, which is 81 ft. long, 32 ft. broad, and 46 in height. The communion table, a remarkable slab, 12 ft. long and 4 ft. broad, is supported by three portions of Ear. Eng. shafts. Above the altar are windows filled with painted glass of very superior kind, and under the altar are some coloured paving-tiles with raised paterns. All the win- dows are of single openings, some of considerable width, finished ex- ternally, and their variety of tracery is remarkable. Some frescoes of the loth century remain. The screen dividing the chancel and nave ex- hibits the arms of England, the See of Hereford, and of John Viscount Scudamore, tiie friend of Abp. Laud, by whose liberality the transept was new roofed, the building restored, and the tower added in 1634. 2 m. from Abbey Dore, Bacton. The ch., a primitive building with Norman work, contains a monument of Blanch Parry, maid of honour to Queen Elizabeth. In this parish is Morehampton Park, now a farm, an estate granted at the Relbrmation to the Hoskyns family. Their mansion, a timber structure, was pulled down in this centy. Early in the reign of James 1. Sergeant Hoskyns is traditionally 320 Boute 43. — Moreham/pton ParJc : Morris Dance, Sect. III. said to have entertained that monarch at this place with a morris dance of old men. This fact is preserved in a tract printed in 1609, called ' Old Meg of Herefordshire for a Mayd Marian and Hereford Towne for a Morrice Daunce ; or Twelve Morris Dauncers in Herefordshire of 1200 years old.' "The courts of kings for stately measures; the city for light heels and nimble footing ; the country for shuffling dances ; west- ern men for gambols; Middlesex men for tricks above ground ; Essex men for the hay ; Lancashire for hornpipes; Worcestershire for bag- pipes ; but Herefordshire for a Morris Dance! At this celebrated dance, in which twelve men of 100 years really danced, the following were, among the visitors ; — Lord Herbert of Ragland, Sir Thomas Somerset, Charles Somerset, Sir John Philpot, Sir Thomas Mildemay, &c. The Marshals of the Field were four, viz. — Thos. Prince, of Olodocke, age 105 yearn ; Thomas Andrews, of Beggers Weston, 108 years ; William Edwards, of Bodenham (came with his young wife, and by that wife a child of 6 years), 108 years; and John Sanders, of Walford, an iron worker, 102 years. The following is a list of the dancers, and a greater curiosity never was exhibited: — James Tompkins, Langarren, 107 years: John Willis, Dormington, 97 \ ears ; Dick Phillips, of Middle- ton, 102 years (his eldest son, 81 years, attended) ; William Waiton, of Mardon, 102 years; William Mosse, who, contrary to his name, had no moss at his heels, 107 years; Thomas Winney, Holmer, 100 years; John Lace, of Madley, 97 years; William Maio, Egleeon, 97 years; John Hunt (the hobby-horse), 97 years ; John Mando, Cradley (a good two-handed swordsman), 100 years ; and lastly, Meg Goodwin (the Marian), 120 years! She was at Prince Arthur's death, at Ludlow." In the reign of Charles II. the Ho;«kyns family made Hare wood their chief seat, and this mansion was allowed to fall into decay. I m. from Bacton, at St MargareVs, is a rood-loft in good preservation. 6 m. Vowchurcfi Stat. The Church is remarkable for an oak Jacobean screen, and massive oak roof of the same date. I m. W. of Vowchurch is The White House (H. Howard Wood, Esq.). 8 m. Peterchurch Stat. This is a populous village in the valley of the Dore. The ch., a fine building with Norm, portions and peculiar con- struction, having two chancels and an apse. In addition to its monu- ments it contains a rude piece of sculpture with the picture of a large fish with a chain round its neck, traditionally said to have been caught in the adjacent stream. In the spacious ch.-yard is a monolith of considerable height and size, with- out an inscription. St. Peter^s IVells, at the foot of Stockley Hill, are supposed to pos- sess nealing qualities. Urishay Castle (Charles G. Hol- land, Esq. ), on the summit of a steep hill, a modernized farmhouse, having a moat and fosse — visible proofs of its once defensible condition. [1 m. N.W. of the village are the ruins of Snodhill Castle, It was a baronry of the Chandos family under the Plantagenet kings, and their manors were held subordinate to the superior court held within these walls. From Peterchurch the line goes on to Dorstone, and there ends.] II m. from Pontrilas, Dorstone Stat. (Inn : Pandy). Tiie cromlech Arthur's Stone is IJ m. from Dor- stone Stat. The ch. is not archi- tecturally interesting. [A charming walk may be taken from Dorstone to Hay, over Cusop Hill, about 6 miles, passing the farm of Mynyddbrith, commanding fine views of the Black Mountains and of the Wye Valley.] Heref. Boute 43. — Bowlstone Church — Garway. 321 Returning to Pontrilas, 2 m. W. is the interesting Ear. Norm. Church of Bowlstone^ which was judiciously restored in 1865. It consists of a nave, chancel, W. tower, and S. porch^ There is a curious tympa- num over the doorway (temp. Henry II.), representing the Saviour in Glory, with the right hand upraised in the act of blessing, in the left is a book, the Gospels rest on the left leg, and the whole is surrounded by an elliptical aureole, supported by four angels. The chancel arch has several figures, two of which have their heads downward, supposed to represent St. Peter crucified. The chancel arch is of beautiful Norm, work, with moulded jambs and bases and other carved emblems. On the rt. and 1. of the sacrarium, and in- tended to give light to the altar, are candelabra of curious and unique design. They are earlier than the Reformation, and being embellished with numerous quaint figures in brass, representing the cock, seem to have reference to St. Peter, to whom the ch. is dedicated. The geologist will find the cornstones of the old red sandstone on Rowlstone Hill to yield fossil fishes, such as Pteraspis, and the singular and unique species of Eurypterus Sy- mondsii has been found in a quarry near the ch. 1 J m. S.E. of Pontrilas, Kentchureh Court (Miss Donohue), a castellated mansion of Grecian and Gothic with a substantial tower, situated in an extensive deer-park on the western slope of Garway Hill, erected on the site of a former house, circ. 1824, from a design by Nash. Among the paintings in the mansion is a portrait of John of Kent, who was much feared and respected in this district as a necromancer. It is presumed to be that of Owen Glcndower, who lived here many years in disguise under that assumed name. There are portraits of Sir H. Jones Brydges, Bart., and of Mrs. Hereford, by Sir T. Lawrence ; and of John Scu da- more, M.P., and R. P. Scudamoj-e, M.P., by Oliver. The Scudamores were seated here prior to the 14th centy. Sir John Scudamore espoused a daughter of Owen Glendower. Leland remarks, The eldest house of the Escudamores of Herefordshire is at a place called Penchurch in the edge of the county or dominion called Ewis Harold." Camden says that this family increased their importance by matching with the heiress of Ewias in 1355, when Thomas, younger son of Sir Peter S. of Upton Scudamore in Wilts, mar- ried Clarice de Ewyas. The walls of the ch., rebuilt in 1859, bear memorials of the family of Scuda- more. The village of Garway has some interesting remains. The tower' of the Church is detached and stands at a considerable angle to the nave, to the N.W. corner of which it is joined by a short passage. The chancel arch is Norm., the shafts having plain capitals. The outline of its soffit is cut so as to form a series of small projecting trefoils, affording a somewhat Saracenic look, which accords with the associations of the Knights Templars with Garway. The old altar forms part of the chan- cel pavement, and there are some good early crosses in slab. The dove- cot is a curious stone building of the I4th centy., and is almost unique : it is entered on the S.W. by an arched doorway. Accommodation was pro- vided for 600 doves. In the 14th compartment from the floors are cer- tain crosslets and marks pertaining to the order of the Hospitallers, who succeeded the Templars in the occu- pation of Garway. In the compila- tion of John Stillingfleet in 1433 it is enumerated as totam teuam de lange careway," or Llan Garway. It is not mentioned by Leland or Cam- den, but. Silas Taylor, who wrote an account of Herefordshire during the Protectorate, mentions that there Y 322 Boute 43. — Grosmont Church — Longtown Castle, Sect. III. were "stately ruins and religious houses." There was formerly a tra- dition that the eh. was used as a prison in Border fights, and the belfry for condemned malefactors. Gar way hill, 1197 ft. above the sea-level, was a station of the engi- neers engaged on the Otdnance Survey, it is ten miles distant in a straight line from the bridge at Hereford. 1 m. further are Grosmont Church and Castle, situated on an eminence on the rt. bank of the Monnow. That it was originally a place of im- portance is evident from the traces of causeways issuing from the village, and also that a market is still kept up. The ch., of Transition Norm., is of unusual size, consisting of a nave, aisles, transept, and chancel, with an octagonal tower and spire. The celebrated necromancer, John of Kent, was buried here. Of the castle, once the favourite residence of the Dukes of Lancaster, the remains consist principally of a gateway and baronial hall, lighted by 5 windows, 80 ft. long by 27 ft. in width; a Dec. chimney, similar to the one at St. Briavel's Castle. Tiie fortress was invested by Llewelyn, but was relieved by Henry III., at whose arrival the Welshmen " saved their lives by their legges." 1 m. S. is the Graig Hill, which, altliough of no very great height, is a prominent object in the landscape on account of its isolation; and on the other side of it, in tlie narrow vale of the Monnow, 4 m. from Grosmont, is Skenfrith Castle, a fortress of a tra- pezium form without a trace of orna- ment, surrounded by a curtain wall with towers and a circular keep. There are no convenienties for habi- tation, and it was evidently erected only to protect a small garrison de- fending a defile of great importance in the war with the Welsh. Soon after leaving Pontrilas the traveller passes the once celebrated Inn of Monmouth Cap, which, after several mutations, is now a farm- house ; and a little further on 1. the modest ch. of Llangua, occupying ^ the site of an alien priory of black monks. 17 m. Pandy Stat. The Hatterill or Black Mountains here sweep off to the 1. towards Old Castle, possessing the fragment of a castle, and remark- able for having once been the resi- dence of Sir John Oldcastle, the martyr of the Lollards. To rt. of Pandy Stat, are Trewyn (J. Rosher, Esq.), and the farmhouse of Alty- rynis, formerly the seat of the Cecil family, ancestors of the Marquises of Exeter and Salisbury. 3 J m. W. Longtown Castle, once an important link in the armed chain of fortresses erected along the fron- tier of England to keep the rebellious Welsh within their limits — of its ruin enough remains to disclose its original form. An outer wall, com- posed of mould and stones raised at least to the height of 20 ft., enclosed about a hundred yards square, in the N. W. angle of which, on a keep some- what higher than the wall, stood a circular tower, of which the greater portion remains, having three round buttresses or turrets at equal dis- tances, half of each projecting from the tower; between these turrets were as many circular apertures for windows. The walls are very thick, being composed of a hard stone dug up in laminae not much exceeding a common .file in thickness. The area enclosed 'within the outer wall was equally divided by a ditch brought to the level of the ground on the outside from N. to S. : the part towards the W. was also divided in the contrary direction by a strong wall, through which a communication was opened between the inner and outer courts by an arched gateway, having circu- lar pillars of great strength project- ing on each side. Heref. Route 44. — Hereford to Bromyard, 323 18 m. Llanvihangel Stat. Pedes- trians can visit tlie extensive and secluded ruins of Llanthony Abbey by a walk of 7 m. from hence, but no conveyance can be hired in this villaoje. The route is through the Honddu valley, and the scenery is charming, especially at Cwmyoy, 3 m., where the mountains present sudden curves and precipitous escarpments. It was a monastery for black canons of the order of St. Austin, whose number for some years amounted to forty. Llanvihangel Court (Hon. William Rodney), approached by a magnificent avenue of firs. It was the seat of the Arnold family. (See Handbook for S. Wales.) 22^ m. Abergavenny Stat. (^Hotel : the Angel.) 31 m. Pontypool Boad Stat. 39 m. Newport Stat. (Hotels : King's Head, near the Stat. ; The Westgate.) (S. Wales Handbook.) ROUTE 44. HEREFORD TO BROMYARD AND THE HUNDRED HOUSE. By Road. 28 miles. The traflSc of this ancient tho- roughfare has not been diverted to any considerable extent by the rail- ways that have been constructed in the county. It commences at Ayle- stone hill, and passes the river Lug by a stone bridge, leaving Lugwar- dine on the right, and Holmer on the left. Burcot House (C. Croose, Esq.). 3 J m. Nunnington (John Jauncey, Esq.). 4 m. on 1. Sutton St. Nicholas — Woodville Lodge (Hugh Jenner, Esq.). 7 m. Felton. In the rectory is a portrait of Mrs. Joyce Andrews, who is stated to have died in 1660 at the age of 114 years. The dress is a close-fitting bodice and a very high hat. On the farm of Rosemaund is the trunk of an oak which at 3 feet from the ground is 35 feet in circum- ference. It is quite hollow, and the interior is fitted with seats for 16 persons. 8 m. Ocle Py chard. The ch. was thoroughly restored in 1869 — Ocle Court (Lt.-Col. Heywood). 9 m. N. Much Cowame. 10 m. Stoke Lacy. — This church contains well-executed marble monu- ments for Archdeacon Lilly (d. 1825), Mrs. Lilly (d. 1834), Philip Barneby, Esq. (d. 1136). 13 m. Birchy Fields (Capt. Piper). 14 m. Bromyard (Inns : Hop-pole ; Falcon). 3000 Inhab. A market- town, with no trade, on the slope of a hill above the small river Frome, consisting of three principal streets, and approached on the Hereford side by a descent, which is called Picca- dilly^ while another part of the town is known as Tower Hill. The cruci- form Church is of Norman construc- tion, having an arch with good zigzag mouldings over the S. door of the nave and another of same date over a smaller doorway on the N. side. The chancel is modern, but there is a good central embattled tower of Norman construction, having a cir- cular stair turret with a conical cap. In N. transept was a mutilated figure of James Baskerville, Esq., of Ne- therwood (d. 1579), and tablets to Y 2 324 Boute 44. — Avenbury — Netherwood. Sect. III. the Tomkyus family, of Buckenhill. The windows of this transept are filled with painted glass — as memo- rials of Kev. William Cooke (d. 1854), Vicar and Portionist of the parish, 1834-54, by Rogers; and of his wife (d. 1857), and Capt. Cooke, K.N. (d. 1861). The chancel floor is covered with Godwin's encaustic tiles, and contains marble tablets to the me- mory of Archdeacon Fox (d. 1728), and for members of the Barneby, Eowden, Dansey, Baynham and Pauncefoot families. The Public Rooms, a brick building in the Middle Pointed style, contains a portrait of John Freeman, Esq. (d. 1870), during many years chairman of the county Quarter Sessions. John of Bromyard, a Dominican friar " first bred at Oxford, came to Cam- bridge and there became Professor of Divinity," where he wrote against Wicliffe in 1390. His principal work, ' Summ£e Prsedicantium,' was printed at Nuremberg, 1415. A curfew bell rings each evening, from November 6th to Christmas Day, for 15 minutes at 8 p m., and then the sixth bell tolls the date of the month. The town can now be reached from Hereford or Worcester by Rail via Henwick Junction, with stats, at Leigh Court, Knightwick, and Suckley. It is 11 m. distant from the station at Tenbury, and 12 m. from those of Ledbury, Leominster, and Great Malvern. 1 m. S.E. Avenbury Church. In the chancel on a slab of sandstone is incised the figure of a knight cross- legged and in mail armour, without inscription. " The skirt of the haqueton appears beneath the hau- berk. The shield, suspended by a very narrow guige, covers the left arm ; the surcoat reaches no further than a little below the knees, and the gesture is that of a warrior who at the close of the conflict returns his sword to the scabbard. Its date is about 1260, or a few years earlier." — Boidell. 3 m. S.W. Pencomh Church, re- built in 1865, on the site, and after the design of a very ancient ch. Its plan is curious, comprising a nave, chancel, sanctuary, apse, vestry, ap- paratus crypt, and tower at S.E.^of the nave. The apse is groined and vaulted. The interior facings are of ashlar stone. 2 m. N. W. Buchenhill (Lady Sha- kerley). This estate was acquired in 1660 by John Tomkyns, Esq., by purchase from John Flackett, an active partisan of CromwelFs, and one of the M.P.s for Herefordshire in the Protector's parliaments. In 1670, Sir John Pakington when visiting his niece, Mrs. Tomkyns, gave a feast to the old men through the parish, above 70 years of age, when 42 persons were found quali- fied and their names and ages entered in the parish register. A new front was added to the mansion in 1730. It was sold by Dr Paking- ton Tomkyns in 1810 to Robert Higginsnn, Esq., and was purchased in 1872 by John H. Barneby-Lutley, Esq. 4. m. N.W. Netherwood, said to have been the birthplace of Robert Earl of Essex (the lavourite), a fact rendered somewhat questionable, as this estate at the time of the EarFs birth belonged to and was the resi- dence of Mr. Baskerville. The road to Netherwood branches ofi" to the 1. from that from Leominster to Thorn- bury, 1^ mile beyond Hampton Ch., passing Kyre Bach Farm, and fol- lowing a bridle-road with the Kyre brook to its left. At the top of an eminence near Thornbury Camp, a descent is made to Netherwood, affording very fine views of the Kyre and Teme valleys. Reascending the hill we reach Wall Hill's Farm, and leaving it to the 1. reach Thornbury Camp, a few Heref. Boute 44. — Tedstone Delamere — '* Witchery Hole^ 325 hundred yards above the ch. Its ! area is about 20 acres single, ! ditched, and in parts entrenched 48 feet high. Thornhury Ch. is restored E.E., with a Norman arch and window on the N. side. 2 m. N. of Bromyard, Saltmarshe Castle (William Barneby, Esq.). This castellated mansion on the high road to the Hundred House, was erec- ted early in the present century by William Higginson, Esq., a London merchant, who left his estates to his great-nephew, Edmund Barneby, Esq., who assumed the name of Higginson, and died from the effects of an accident in 1871. His famous gallery of Pictures were dispersed by sale in 1846. 4 m. N. Tedstone Delamere Norm, and Ear. Eng. C/iwrc/i, rebuilt 1856-7, by Sir G. G. Scott, B.A., is adorned by columns of serpentine marble from the Lizard Point, and good painted windows. The old work has been replaced piece by piece. The chancel screen of carved oak, probably of Tudor date, and the Norm, font, have been carefully preserved. Among other relics of past times is a large arched slab, with carving in relief of the Saviour on the cross on one side, and on the other the Virgin Mother and Child. The E. window, with three slender lights, is filled with one of HardmarCs most successful imitations of mediaeval glass. Pano- ramic views over Worcester, Stafford, Warwick, Gloucester, and Hereford, with a radius of 40 m., are obtained from the Kectory, the Court, and the ch.-yard. On the confines of this parish is a beautiful valley called " the Devil's Punchbowl," in which a tree known as " the Holy Thorn " is said always to bud on old Christmas Day. The Tedstone "DmgfZes" abound with rare plants and wild scenery. In a wood on Primrose hill is one of the few oaks on which the misletoe is known to grow. The Sapey brook, which flows through the ravine, is not only celebrated for its trout, but also for an amusing tradition respect- ing the most curious of its various productions. Blocks of sandstone are raised in this brook with indentations resem- bling horseshoe forms. Monkish legends alleged that a pious woman named St Catherine, a resident at Sapey, being robbed of her mare and colt, traced the route of the thief by the footmarks until they reached this brook, down the channel of which the animals had been taken to evade detection. Having prayed that she might be enabled to recover her property, " she soon after found the marks of their hoofs in the solid rock." By aid of these supernatural impressions the thief and his booty were discovered in the " Witchery Hole" This rural tradition has been cruelly interfered with by the researches of geologists, who have ascertained that "the sandstones associated with the marls and corn- stones, sometimes expose upon their surfaces certain small depressions, frequently of a circular and horse- shoe form, occasionally having a raised central disc. These forms, which are remarkably exhibited in Sapey brook, appear to be due to the action of water upon blotches or imperfect concretions of parti- coloured marls, or soft argillaceous sandstones, which, being of less con- sistence than the mass of rock, have been eroded through these cavities. ... It is quite manifest that, by exposing rocks of the varied compo- sition of these in question to the action of running water, the inevit- able result will be the wearing away of these blotches or concretions, which are softer than the enclosing masses of rock." — Sil. Sys. The same indentations occur in the sand- stone slabs of the adjacent parish of Stanford Bishop. There is a remarkable deposit of Travertine or Puffstone in these dingles, produced by the water hold 326 Boute 44. — U^per Sapey — Whithorne. Sect. Ill- ing in solution carbonate of lime, which, upon the escape of the car- bonic acid gas into the atmosphere, deposits its earthy residuum, encrust- ing the sticks, shells, &c., over which the water flows. This travertine may be justly regarded as one of the most picturesque features of the district. On the 1. of Tedstone ch. and rectory is a field called Dead- man's Furlong, where a battle in the Civil Wars is said by popular tra- dition to have been fought, and where cannon-balls have been ploughed up. Tedstone Court (James Wight, Esq.). 6J m. Upper Sapey. The Norm, ch. was judiciously restored in 1863, when the E. window was filled with painted glass in memory of Mr. Towers. 8 m. Clifton-on-Teme, see Kte. 34. 9 J m. Stanford Bridge, on rt. Stanford Court (Sir F. S. Winning- ton, Bart.), almost destroyed by fire in 1883, occupies a picturesque posi- tion at the base of a finely wooded, though steep declivity, — see Worces- tershire. 11 m. The Hundred House. 16 m. N.E., on the Downs, Brock- liampton (J. H. Barneby-Lutley, Esq.), erected 1760. The gardens were laid out 1869 by De Boos. A chapel in Dec. style near the mansion contains tablets to the memory of J. Barneby, Esq., M.P., for Worcester- shire (d. 1846), and other members of the family. Old Brockhampton mansion, a timber-framed structure, surrounded by a moat, and also a chapel now in ruins, are in the vale below the present mansion. The chapel has a crumbling E. window of good proportions, and some nice lancet windows. Though roofless, it is very susceptible of restoration. It is an interesting and almost unique specimen of a residence erected in the 14th centy. The original dining hall, minstrels' gallery, sleeping apartments, and a fine detached gateway, with its ponderous and heavily studded nailed doors are in excellent preservation. Thomas Bar- neby, Esq., Treasurer to Edward IV., was slain at the battle of Towton, in A.D. 1461. His wife was the heiress of the Whitgreaves, with whom he obtained a large estate at Bockleton. — Their lineal descendant, Kichard Barneby married the eldest co-heiress of Kichard Habington of Brock- hampton — Eichard Barneby, dying in 1729 without issue, left this estate to his nephew, B. E. Lutley, Esq., of Lawton, Salop, who, in 1735, as- sumed the name of Barneby. This was the mansion of the Domultons — then of the Habingtons, whose heiress married Kichard Barneby in 1552. John Barneby, Esq., was one of those named for the intended order of the Eoyal Oak, in consideration of his losses during the Civil Wars. His younger brother. Sir Thomas Barneby, was M.P. for Weobly in 1661-79. The present proprietor has resumed the family patronymic of Lutley. Clater Park (Mrs. W. Barneby). On Bringsty Common, an exposed position of the Bromyard Downs, from which an extensive view is obtained, is a solitary tree, known as the " Gospel oak," planted to denote parochial boundaries. 3 m. Stanford Bishop. Its ancient ch. stands on a ridge immediately above a sequestered dingle known as Jumpers Hole, in which there are indentations in the slabs of sand- stone, resembling those noted in Tedstone Delamere. In the church- yard are several yew-trees of remark- able growth, and very great age. One at 4 ft. from its base measures 28 ft., and another is 31 ft. in girth. 18 m. Whithorne, A British camp raised by Caractacus on a steep acclivity, nearly obliterated. This is a little to the left of Whithorne Hall, the modern mansion of E. Bickerton Evans, Esq., who has Heref. Boute 44, — Whithorne Court : Clmrch, 327 greatly improved the district by the consolidation of his estate, and the appliance to it of high and modern cultivation. The Cowr^ (Sir EichardHarington, Bart.) was, previous to the reign of George II., a favourite residence of the Bishops of Hereford. During the Commonwealth it was occupied by Col. Birch, a very active officer in Cromwell's army, who narrowly escaped capture by the Royalist Forces in 164:i. The place of his concealment is yet known as Birch's Hole : it is a kind of dark passage leading out of the kitchen offices. The Church, restored 1866, has a memorial window for Capt. Freeman, died in the Crimea, 1854 ; and in the ch.-yard are the tombs of J. Freeman, Esq., and Rev. R. Biscoe, who both died in 1870. Francis Godwin, D.D., Compiler of the Catalogue of Bishops of Eng- land and Wales, who presided over the see of Hereford, 1617-33, was buried in this ch. with a punning inscription on a slab over the grave. F. G. 1633. WIN God ; win all. Gaines (Mrs. Childe Freeman), a brick mansion erected in the early part of the 18th centy. 28 m. Worcester. See Rte. 26. ( 328 ) INDEX. — ^-^o* ABBENHALL. A Abbenhall, paper mills of, 59 Abberley Hall, near Stour- port, 2 J 9, 250 Hills, coal-measures of, 242 Abbeys : — Bordesley, 217 Bruerne, 11 j Cirenceftter, 30 Evesham, 174 Flaxley, 48 Gloucester, 14 Gloucestershire, xxi Halesowen, 209 Haseldon, 103 Hayles, 168 Kingswood, 71 Llanthony, 26, 32^ Malmesbury, 4 Malvern, 227 Pershore, 178 Tewkesbury, 157 Tintern, 5^, 100 Wigmore, jo8 Winchcomb, 166 Abbey Dore, ancient monas- tery of, ch., altar-tombs, Manor-house Museum, 175 , Old, encampment, 98 Abbotswood Mansion, 148 Abel, John, Butter Cross by, 295 Abergavenny stat., 32? Ablington Mansion, 126 Abone, Roman station, 52 Academy of Fine Arts at Bristol, 87 Acman Street, Roman road, xi, 99, 102 Aconbury Hill, 276 Acre, the bloody, and ram- parts, 72 , cannon taken at, 66 ALVESTON. Acton Turville church, 110 Adder, peculiar breed of, 107 Addison, Rt. Hon. Joseph, 118 ; his inexorable widow, 49 Addlestrop, " Grey geese " of, 114 Rly. Stat., 11^ Adelaide, (.^ueen, memorial of, i8^ Admington Hall, Stratford, 122 Adsett Court, 48 Adrian, coins of, 51, 104 Agricultural College at Ciren- cester, 35 Alberoni, Card., gift of, 108 Alcester Rly.Stat.,222 ; ceno- taph by Chantrey, 222 Alcmond, burial place of, 98 Alderley village and church, 70 Alderminster church, 120 Alderton village, and quar- ries of organic remains, 164 Aldworth family, 82 Alexander Severus, coins of, 14? Alfred, King, victory of, 5J Alfred's Hall, 34 ; notices of, Allen. Bishop of Bristol, 82 AUensmore church, 316 House, J 16 Almanac, Nautical, j Almeley church, 313 Almondsbury hill and church, 98 Alney Island, 47, 15J, 161 Altars, Roman, 31, j 8, 55, 284 Altar cloth, early, 50 screens, modern, 19 Alscot Park, near Stratford, 122 Alvechurch Rly. Stat. 22^ Alvescot Rly. Stat., 124 Alveston Down, fossil re- mains, 98 ; tumuli, 98 APPERLEY. Alluric, Saxon chief, 138 Alvington village and church, 52 Amberger, paintings by, 42 Amberley, entrenchment, 7 Court, 7 Ambrey, camp at Croft, 302 Ammonite fossil beds, 10 Amphitheatres, Roman, 31, 142 Ampney Crucis Manor-house, 125 Down, ?, 36 , St. Mary, 124 Amusements, pastoral, on the Cots wold, ix Andbversford Inn, 142 Andrew's, St., chapel, fresco, restoration of, 19 Angelo, Michael 92, 196 Angeston Grange, 65 Anglo-Saxon graves, 45 MSS., 21 Anglers, favourite resorts of:— Aymestrey, 302 Fairford, 45 Knightsford, 236 Leintwardine, jo8 Newnham, 243 Pontrilas, 518 Whitchurch, 278 Ankerdine Hill, geology of, 236 Anne of Denmark, 74 ; quilt of, 224 ; portrait, 224 , Queen, 74, 109; por- traits of, 67; statues, J5, 189 Anne's, St., Well, 227 Anthony's, St., Well, 49 Antoninus, fine head of, <)3 ; coins of, 51, I JO, 145 Antwerp, Tyndall's martyr- dom at, 70 Apollo Belvidere, cast of. 9? Apperley Court, 155 INDEX. 329 APSLEY. Apsley, Sir Allen, 32 d'Aquablanca, Bp., tomb, 267 Aquae Solis, Roman station, 102 Aragon, Catherine of, mar- riage, 240 , King of, Ryeland sheep presented to, by Edw. IV., 152 Aramstone, 259 Architecture : — Corinthian, 87 Doric, 86 Gothic, 20 Grecian, 74, no Ionic, 86 Italian, 116 Norman, 81 Palladiai), 108 Tudor, 96, 116 Areley Hall, 238 Areley-Kings church, 238 Areley Rly. Stat. 242 Ariconium, 255 Arkwright family, 294 Arlingham ferry, 50 ; parish, 63 Armour, chain, 243 Arnold, paintings by, 108 ; family, 149 d*Arplno, paintings by, 93 Array, Commission of, 28 Arrow Church, 222 river, vale of the, 221, 304 Art and Science School, Gloucester, 24 Arthington, Cyril, M.P., por- trait of, 112 Arthur, Prince of Wales, sepulchral chapel, 1 84 Arthur's Cave, fossils, 282 , King, stone, 313 Artists, natives of Bristol, 88 Arundelian marbles at Ox- ford, 160 Ascott Rly. Stat., 11? Ash Bottom (Haine's), 34 Ashchurch Junct. Stat., 155 235 ; ehurch at, 156 to Evesham and Al- cester, 16 j Ashcroft House, 71 Ashford Hall, 299 Ashfield, crayons by, 274 Ashleworth church, 153 Ashley Down Asylum, 97 Ashperton Rly. Stat., 289 Ashton Cold church, 112 Court, 91 under - the - Hill Rly. Stat, and ch., 164 Ash wick House, 112 AYMESTREY. Ashwin, Lieut., tomb of, 175 Astley church, near Stour- port, 239 'T'V'-^** , Sir Jacoi), exploits of, 28 Aston, 309 Astrey, Sir Samuel, tomb of, 99 Astronomers Royal, 3, 7 Astwood Court, 216 Asylums for the blind, 87 ; for lunatics, 224; for or- phans, 97 Atcombe House, 11 Athelstan, Bp., Anglo-Saxon copy of the Gospels, 269 Athelstane, boundaries im- posed by, xxxii ; death of, 13 Atkyns, Chief Baron, 32, 36, 148; Sir Robert, the his- torian, 38, 115, 139; Rich- ard, 59 family, notices of, 59 Atlas works at Pershore, 178 Atoms Rocks, 261 Aubrey family, monuments, Audley Chantry, Hereford, 268 family, 95 Augustine, St., monastery, 78 ; oak of, 99 Aulius Plautius, 12 Aumale, Due d', hunting- seat, 176, 221 Aust Passage over the Severn, 53, 73 ; bone-beds in, 99 ; green sandstones in, 71 Austen, Sir Robert, Bart., burial-place of, 135 Avenbury church, 324 Avening, Alice, room built by, 30 church, 104 Avenues — *• Ten Rides," 34 ; Yew-tree, 10 Avon, gorge of the, 89 river, by Bristol, its scenery, 75, 78. 89, 120, 178 ; its rich pastures, 76 , the Upper, 123, 156, 176, 164 Avon Bank, 179 Avonmouth, hotels at, 94 Awre Rly. Stat., 50 Aylberton pastures, 51 Aylesmere House, near St. Briave's, 55 Ayleworth family, notices of, 147 Aymestrey village and ch., 301 BARROWS. B Backbury Hill camp, 261 Bacon, monument by, 81 , Friar, birthplace, 5 l^acton church, 319 Badgworth church, 134 Court, 135 Badmington, paintings, 108 ; deer-parks, church, 109 ; royal visits to, 109 Badsey church, 176 Bafiford House, 140 Bagendon church, 138 ; House, 138 Baillie family, of Duntes- bourne, 136 Bailey, glass by, 317 Baily, K.A,, statues and sculp- tures by, 80, 81, 87, 88 Ballingham tunnel, 259 Balme, Mr. J,, memorial of, 19 Bambury Stone on Bredon Hill, 162 Bampton Abbot, 30 , town of, 124 Fanksfee House, 115 Bannager rocks, 54 Baptist College, Bristol, 87 Barbara, St., relics. 209 Barber's bridge, conflict of, 150, 151 Barbourne, near Worcester, 191 Barbury Hill, battle of, xii Barker. John, 85 Barksdale, Rev. Clement, 147 Barland, perry, xxxvii Barlow, Mr., C.E., designs by , 90 Barn, conventual, 63 ; at Charlton, 177 Barneby family, 244, 326 Barnesley Park, 126 Barnt Green Rly. Stat., 218 ; House, 218 Barnwell, George, murder by, 299 Barnwood parish, 135 Baron, Dr., memorial of, 18 " Baron, the strong," 298 Barracks at Horfield, 97 Barre, Sir I. de, 75 Barret's Brook, duel, 139 Barrington Park, 146 , Little, early ch. at, 146 , Dr., Bishop of Durham, Barrow Hill, view, 63 Barro'ws, funereal, at Dough- ton, 106; Didmarton, 108; Swell, 148 330 INDEX. BARBS COURT. Barrs Court Rly. Stat., 291 Bartestree nunnery and fos- sils, 291 ; greenstone of, XXXV Bartlow, 134 Bartons, 285 Baskerville, the printer, 202 family, 3^3 Bassano, paintings by, 108 Bate's Bush, legend, 226 Bath Rly. Stat., Midland, 77 ; hotels, &c., 77, 112 Bathurst, the Earl, notices relating to the family of, viii, X, 29, 32, J4, 51, 52 Batsford Park, remains, 115 Battersby - Harford family, 93 Battlefields : — Buttington, Tump, 53 Cherrington, 104 Coxwall Knoll, xxxi, 306 Evesham, 175 Fretherne, 63 Kempsford, 43 Mortimer's Cross, 30J of Saxons and Britons, 98 of Saxons and Danes, 106, 116 Tewkesbury, 156, 168 Westbury, 48 Worcester, 181 Battledown Knowle, 141 Baunton, 157 Baxter, Richard, portrait and chair, 202 Baynham, John, Esq., mar- tyrdom of, 48 , Thomas, brass to, 58 Bayonet manufactory at King's Norton, 220 Bay-salt strata, 194 Bayshell Rly. Stat., 155 Beachley Inn, passage, 53 Lodge, 53 Beacon, Herefordshire, hill- fortresses, 231, 285 Beale on cider fruit, xxxvi Beauchamp, Lord of Powyke, 224, 288 Beauchamps of Holt, 248 Court, 224 Beaufort Hunt, 32 ; portraits of, 109 Beaumont, Dukes of, 97, 108 Beche, Sir H. de la, on Severn tides, xix Becket's Bury camp, 72 Beckford Rly. Stat, and vil- lage, 163 Beck's Down, Druidical re- mains, 112 Bede, the Venerable, extracts from, ij, 161 BIGSWEIR. Beddoes, celebrated chemist, 88 Bedloes, burial-place, 82 Beech Pike, 132 Beeches, Frankley, 219 Beechey, Sir Wm., 24; por- traits by, 24, 34, 157 Belbroughton, manufactories, 206 Belisarius, by Lanfranco, 93 Bell, painted glass by, 20 , Sir Charles, 247 family, 23 foundries, 25 Hall, 206 Bells, fine peal of, 182 Bellamont, Countess of, at Birts Moreton, 235 ; Earl of, 235 Belmont Mansion, Benedic- tine monastery, 315 Benfield, Professor, 165 Bengeworth Bridge and Rly. Stat., 164, 176 Benson, Bp., notices of, 2c, 25 Bentley Paunceford Manor, 223 Bere, De la, family, 155, 165 Berghem's paintings, 108, 197 Berkeley family, notices of, 64, 65-68, 82, 105, 139, 140 (Spetchley) ; 179, 191 ; monuments of, 68, 80, 81 Road Rly. Stat., 65, 100 Vale, X ; t astle, 66-68 ; town, 66 Berrington Hall, 297 and Eye Rly. Stat. 297 Berrow Hill, 244; strata, 244 Berr Hill camp, 74 Berwick, Duke of, 274 Besford, church. Courts 251 Bevere House, 192 Beverstone Castle, 105 Bewdley, 239 and Tenbury Rly, 242 Forest, 242 Bible translated, of Cover- dale, 21 ; of Trevisa, 66 ; of 14th centy. MSS., 4 Bibury church, 126 Bicknell, Wm., 144 Bicknor Court, House, 283 , English, 282 ; Welsh, 281 Biddulph, family, notices of, 85 Bigland, Ralph, 20 ; extracts from, 49, 126, 131, 132, 140 Bigsweir, 55 BOEVEY FAMILY. Bilston Rly. Stat., 213 Birch, Col., notices of, 280 298, 327 Birch House, 276 Birchamp House, 57 Bircher Hall, 297 Birchy Fields, 323 Bird, the painter, 88 Birdlip Hill, views, viii, 135 BIrlingham Court and church, 163 Billingsley, Sir H., of Siston, Birmingham, environs, 220 Birtsmorton Court, 234 Bishop's Froome church, 289 Bishop's Wood Mansion, 281 Bisley quarries, church, Roman remains, and fine cross, 38 BittonRly. Stat., 75 ; church, 76 ; coalfield, 75 Blackett, family, 128 Black Friars monastery, 27 1 Black Grove House, 219 Blackleech, Alderman, monu- ment of, 20 Blackmore Park, 233 Black Rock disaster, 100 Blackstone Rock, Hermitage, 239 Blackwell Rly Stat., 218 Blacks well, 237 ; quarries, 231 Blaisdon Hall, 50 Blaise Castle, pictures, 92 park, 93 Blake, Admiral, victory of, 84 Blakeney village, 50 Blakeshall House, 202 Blanchfront, Sir J. de, 223 Blandford, Bishop, 183 Blankets, inventor of, 85 Blanquettes, the, 192 Blaythwaite, Wm., Dyrham Mansion erected by, 1 1 1 Bledington church, 126 Blenheim Palace, 113 Blind, asylum for the, 87 Blockley Rly. Stat, and silk- mills, 117 Blore, sepulchral memorials by, 159. 290 Blount family, memorials, 201, 239, 242, 297 Bockleton, Norm, doorways, 244 Court, 244 Boddington Manor, 155 Bodenham church, 293 family, sufferings of, 262 Boevey family, notices of, 49 INDEX. 331 BOHUNS. Bohuns, De, notices of the, 12 Bolingbroke family, me- morials, 74 Bollitree, the Roman Arico- nium, 256 Bologna, G. de, bronze work, of, 277 Bolognese, paintings by, 108 Bone-beds in Aust Cliff, 99 Bonner, Bp., at Hanley Cas- tle, 232 Bonner, Mr. G., gift of, 21 Booker, Rev. Dr., on Mal- vern, 229 Booth, Sir George, 204 Bordesley Hall, once a Cis- tercian abbey, 217 Bore in the Severn, xix, 61 Borgognone, paintings by, 108 Bosbury, timber-houses, and ch., 288 Boscobel tracts, 121 Boteler family, 108, 166 Both, pictures by, 233, 252 Bough ton House, 22 j Boulesden House, 152 Boultibroke, J04 Boulton, bronzes by, 263, 264 Boundaries of counties, 103, 112, 114, 115, I2J, 162,217, 24^, 306 Bourne, Sir John, 200, 248 Bourton House, 115 Bourton-on-the-Hill, 115 Bourton-on-the-Water ^Rly. Stat. 130 Bower Wall camp, 91 Bowden Hall, 26 Bowl, maple, drinking, 170 Bowles, Rev. G. D., donation by, 190 Box well C lurt, 106 Boyce Court, 152 Boyd river scenery, 75 Braceys Leigh, 225 Brackenbury, murder by, 13 Brackley, Lord, in Haywood Forest, 299 Bradeston, the Lord of, 14 Bradford clay quarries, 105 Bradley, Dr., the astronomer royal, 7, 146 Bradley House, 70 Bradon, ancient forest of, 27 Bradshaw, Bishop, 81 Brad well Grove, 124 Bragge, Rt. Hon. Chas., M.P., portrait of, 52 Brampton Hall, 305 Great, 316 — Bryan, 305 Abbots church, 259 Brandon, quadrangular camp, xxxiii , David, designs by, 1 59 BRIDGES. Brandon Hill, view, 88 Brandt Tjodge, 285 Branks Helmet, 189 Branstord Road Rly. Stat., 226 Brasses, monumental : — Alvechurch, 225 Daylesford, 114 Fladbury, 176 Kidderminster, 201 Mamble, 242 Northleach, 144 Saintbury, 120 Stoke Prior, 215 Strensham, 253 Weston-on Avon, 122 Bravinium, Roman Camp, 308 Bray family, 146 Brecon Rly. Stat., J14 Bredenbury Court, 297 Camp, 297 Bredon Rly. Station, camp, xi, 162 ; Hill, 162, 176 ; marlstone, xxvii Bredwardine, 312 Bretforton church, 175 Brettel Lane Stat., 210 Breughel, pictures by, 167 Breydel, paintings by, 42 Briavel's, St. Castle, 55 ; history, church, 55 Brickdale family, 56 Bricklehampton Hall, fossils . 179 Brickworks, patent, 191 Brictric, Saxon Thane, 95 Bridge, chain suspension : — Clifton, 90; Niagara and Fribourg, 90 ; tubular, Chepstow, 53 Solers, 310 Yate, 75 Bridgend, hotels at, 54 Bridges, over Avon : — Evesham, 175 over Severn — Bewdley, 239 Gloucester, 47 Haw, IS3 Holt Fleet, 200 Sharpness, 69 Stourport, 23S Tewkesbury, 159 Upton, 233 Worcester, 180 over Teme : — Ham, 245 Knightsford, 236 Ludlow, 300 Powick, 224 over Wye : — Brewardine, 312 Hereford, 262 Holme Lacey, 26c | BROMYARD. Bridges, over Wye : — Moccas Court, 311 Whitney, 313 Wilton, 258, 276 Bridstow church, 27J Brierley Hill Rly. Stat., 210 Briggs, R.A., portraits by, 8 Brinifield oak, 297 Brimpsfield church, 132 Brimscomb Rly. Stat., 5 Brindley, CA'., canals con- structed by, 195, 238 Bringsty Common, 326 Brinsop church, 310; Court, 310 Bristol, stat. : city, hotels, 77 ; Cathedral, 78 ; monu- ments, 81 ; St. Mary Red- cliffe, 83 ; city churches, 8^ ; Guildhall, Exchange, 86 ; General Hospital, 86 ; Baptist College, Library Society, 87 ; Victoria Rooms, Fine Arts Aca- demy, 87 ; Queen Eliza- beth's Hospital, eminent natives, 88 ; castle, 88 ; docks, 89 ; diocese, 82 to Thornbury, 94 to Chepstow and South Wales, 96 to the Forest of Dean, 100 diamonds, 91 coalfield, xv Britain, Great, screw steam- ship, 88 * Britannia Magna,' editors of, 103 Britons, defeat of the, xii, xiii Broad Mars ton House, 121 Broadcloth manufactury, 62 Broadfield Court, 293 Broadridge Green, promon- tory, 12 Broadwas, 236 Broadway, village and churches, 170 Broad well House, 115 Hill House, 115 Brobury Scar, on the Wye, 311 Brockhampton Park, 143, 326 Manor House, 237 Brock wear port, 55 Brockworth parish, 134 Bromley family, 192 Bromsberrow Court and church, 154, 287 Bromsgrove Rly. Stat, and town, 216 Bromyard town and ch., 238, 332 INDEX. BRONSIL CASTLE. Bronsil Castle, 288 Brooke, Mr. Serjt, brass oF, 84 Brookthorpe church, 61 Broom church, 203 Broomy Close Court, 2 '76 Broomy Hill waterworks, 271 Brown," Capability,"grounds laid out by, 244, 252 Browning, Mrs. Barrett, 285 Broxwood, 302 Bruerne Abbey, 11^ Brugge, Sir J., 20 Brunei, Isaac, Jun., 90 Bryan, Sir Guy, 158 Brydges, Hon.H , effigy of, 29 family, memorials, 104, 316 Bryngwyn House, 316 Buckenhill Mansion, 524 Buckholt Camp, 278 Buckingham, Duke of (Staf- ford\ 50, 62, 95 (Villiers), 2go Buckland, 296; church, 169 , Mr. F., on the Severn tides, xxi Buckman, Professor, ijj Bucknall, architect, 230 Bucknell Rly. Stat., 309 Buckstone, the, 284 Bull, Bp. of St. David's, 104 Bull Ring at Cirencester, 3 1 Bulley church, 1 50 Bullingham, Bp., 18; Court, 276 BuUo Pill port, 50 Bullock-hythe ferry, 123 Buonaparte, Lucien, estate, purchased by, at Thorn- grove, 247 Burcot House, 323 Burderop Park, 2 Burfield House. 92 Burford, 124 146 — — House, 24 J, 297 ; church, .298 Burghill church, 309 Burhill, Robert, 152 Burke, Rt. Hon. Edward, 89 Burlington. Earl of, archi- tectural designs by, 118 Burlish Common, near Bewd- ley, 2J9 Burrington church, 309 Burthred, King of Mercia, 199 Burton, Rev. Dr., 115 Court, 301 Burstner's Cross, British relic, 285 ; church, 285 Burva Camp, on Ditch hill, Bushe, Bp. Paul, 80, 82 CAMPS. Bushley church, 1 59 Bussage House of iMercy, 6 ; church, 38 Butler, Bp., at Bristol, 81 , Samuel, birthplace, 253 Butter Cross, ancient, 295 Buttington Tump, fatal battle of, 53 Butts, Robin Hood's, 292 Byford Ferry, 311 Byletts, 302 c. Cabal va, 314 , Lower, 314 Cabot family, 89 Cabot's discoveries, 84, 88 Cadaman, Sir John, 85 Caen, nuns of, 6 Caermarthen hotels, 54 Cagebrook, 315 Calcot Barn, 106 Caldwall's, Admiral, monu- ment, 235 Caliph'p, autographs of, 42 Callow Hill House, 278 Callow's Leap, 237 Calmsden wayside cross, 138 Cam Rly. Stat, and church, 64 Camden, William, extracts Irom, ix, 112 Camps (British)— Bredenbury, 297 Broadridge Green, 12 Buckholt, 278 Clifton, 91 Doward, 282 Doward, Little, 282 Herefordshire Beacon, 231, 285 Highbury, 57 Ivington, 296 Michaelwood, 69 Old Abbey, 98 Ranbury, 124 Roundhill, 180 Standish, 12 Thornbury, q6, 324 Uley Bury, 65 Camps (Danish):— Conderton, 254 Overbnry, 254 Camps (Roman) : — Almondsbury, 98 Areley Wood, 202 Backbury, 261 Batsford, 115 Berryhill, 74 Burton-on-the-Water, 130 Bredon, 162 Caplar-hill, 259 Credenhill, 310 Churchdown, 135 CANNON. Camps (Roman) : — Clifton, 91 Dene, 126 Dinedor Hill and Backbury Hill, 261, 262 Ditch-hill, 305 Doyton, 75 Elberton, 99 Hempstead, 60 Highbury, 57 Horton, on the river Boyd, Kenchester, 310 Kingsholm, 12 Lasborough, 107 Ledbury, 286 Little Dean, 50 Little Sodbury, 74 Lydney, 51 iNorbury, 145 North Cerney, 13B Oldbury, 99, 261 Ringsbury, 3 Shenborrowhill, 169 Sponebed Hill, 10 Sutton Walls, 292 Tortworth, 72 Trewsbury, 103 Twyning, 160 Vineyardhill, 73 Wapley Hill, 302 Westridge, 70, 72 Weston, near Ross, 255 Windrush, 126 Camps (Saxon) : — Broadridge Green, 12 Hinton, 11 1 Standish, 12 • Campden stat., 118 House, 119 Campden, battle of, 125 Campden, Chipping Rly. Stat, 118 Campden, Viscounts, 119 Canals : — Berkeley and Gloucester, 69 Berkeley and Stroud, 62 Droitwich, 195 Gloucester and Hereford, 286 Ledbury, 286 North Wilts, 2 subterranean at Dudley, 211 Thames and Severn, 37 Worcester and Birming- ham, 218 Canaletti's paintings, 108, no, 252 Connynges of Bristol, 83, 88, 92 Canon Froome Court, 289 Pyon church, 292 Cannon taken at Acre, 66 INDEX. 333 CANTILUPE. Cantilupe, Bp., 187, 199 shrine, 267 Canton, John, F.R.S., 9 Canute's truce, 13, 161 Capel family, 160, 259 Caplar Hill, 259 Capronnier, M., painted glass by, 216 Caradoc Mansion, 274 Caradoc sandstone, xxxv Caractacus, anecdotes and notices of, xxxi Carausius, coins of, ijo, 194 Caravaggio, paintings by, 108 Cardiff Rly. Stat, and hotels, 53 Cardonel, de, family, 146 "Carols," the, at Gloucester Cathedral, 21 Carpenter, Bishop of Wor- cester, 92, 199 Carpet manufactures, 201 Carracci, Ann., paintings by, 60, 93, 108 L., 93 Carrant brook, 162 Cartwright, John, Eastern traveller, 164 Cassey, Chief Baron, 161 Castle Froome church, 289 Castle Green promenade at Hereford, 270 Morton church and Common, 230 Tump at Dymock, 152 Weir, J06 Castles : — Berkeley, 66 Briavel's, St., 55 Bristol, 88 Downton, 308 Dudley, 211 Dur;uca, 20} Glasbury Stat., J14 Glass, old painted, 14, 45; at Crudwell, loj Glasshampton, 2J9 Glendower, Owen, 302, 321 Glewstone Court, 277 Gloucestek : Ely. Stat., hotels, history, 12 ; Cathe- dral, 14 ; Chapter-house, Cloisters, "Carols." 21; : See, Palace, 21 ; Deanery, 22 ; churches, 2j ; Guild- hall, &c., 24 ; manufac- tures, 25 to Bath and Bristol, 59 to Chelteoham, 59 to Monmouth and Chep- stow, 47 to the Forest of Dean, ICO Ledbury, 15^ — ' — Nevvent and Dymock, 148 Ross and Hereford, 57, 255 Tewkesbury and Wor- cester. 155 Dukes of, 25 Gloucestershire, natural, divi- sions, viii ; Romau remains, xi; the Heptarchy, xiii ; geological features, xiv ; Bristol Coal-field, xv ; rail- ways, xvii; rivers, xviii; Abbeys, xxi ; objects of in- terest, XX ii. Glove manufactory, at Wor- cester, 19E Godwin, the Earl, 106 , Mr., on Architecture, 78 Goldesborough, Bp., 19, 185 Golgotha crypt, Hereford, 270 Goodrich Castle, 279; church, 277 ; Court, 277, 279 ; Ferry, 279 Goram's fatal sleep, 94 Gore Langton tamily, 75 Gorual grindstones, 208 Gournay, Sir Thos., 78 Grafton, 170; Manor-house, 217 Graftonbury, 276 Grammar Schools, endowed : Bewdley, 240 Bromsgrove, 216 Cheltenham, 42 Chipping Campden, 1 19 Cirencester, 32 Gloucester, 23 Hanlejr Castle, 132 GYPSUM. Grammar Schools, endowed : Lucton, 301 Newland, 57 Northleach, 144 Stourbridge, 2c6 Tetbury, 104 Tewkesbury, 159 Thornbury, 95 Winchcomb, 166 Worcester, 190 Wotton-under-Edge, 70 Grange Court Junct. Stat., 48, 57 Granville, Dr., on Malvern, 229 Sir Bevil, 77, 112 Graves family, of Mickleton, 120 , Saxon, at Fairford, 45 Gray, Bp. of Bristol, 98 Green, the Castle, at Here- ford, 270; the College, at Bristol, 82 : Worcester, 188 Greenway Mansion, 13$ Gregory, Pope, the Great, 106 Grendon, Bishop, 297 Grevile family, memorials, 118, 122 Grevis, Sir R , 220 Grey, Lady Jane, at Sudeley, 167 , Earls of Stamford and Warrington, 207 Greyndour family, 75 Grimley Church, 247 Grocyn, Professor of Greek at Oxford, 88 Grosmont Church, Castle, ?22 Grove, the, at Painswick, 10 Grovesend Rly. Stat. 95 Grubb, Rev. John, 23 Guercino's paintings, 9^, no Guest, Dr., on Saxon history, xii Hospital, 212 Guido's pictures, 60, 108, 109, no Guildhall at Gloucester, 24; Bristol, 86 ; Worcester, 189; Hereford, 262 Guise family, 20, 60 Guiting Grange, 147 Gunning, Miss, the cele- brated beauty, 252 Gunpowder Plot, incidents, i9. Guy's Hospital, estates sold to, 279 Gwillim the herald, burial- place of, 48 Gypsum at Aust CliflFs, 99 HARDMAN. E Habberley Valley, 241 Habington family, in the Gunpowder Plot, 192 , Wm., the poet, 19^ Hackluyt, Richard, 296 Hadrian, Emperor, 11 Hadsor Hall, pictures and sculptures, 197 Haematite iron mines, 94 Haffield House. 286 Hagley Park (Herefordshire), 291 Rly. Stat., 203; Park (Worcestershire), 203 Hagloe crab-apple, cider, 50 Haie, the, 50 Haine's Ash Bottom, 34 Hakebourne, abbot, 29 Hale, Lord Chief Justice, birth and burial-place, 70 Halesowen, 208 ; priory, church, 209 ; grange, 208 Hall, Bp , 216 Rev. Dr., 19 Place, 64 Hallewell, Col., gift, 28 Hallow church and Park, 247 Ham Court, paintings, 2Ji; castle, 245 Hamilton, Duke of, 181, 191 Hammond, Dr., at West- wood, 196 Hampnett, 14 j Hampton Church, 175 Hampton Court in Hereford- shire, 29^ , Dame Alice, 7 Lovett, 197 Hams well, 112 Handborough Rly. Stat., 112 Hanbury Hall, paintings, 198 Hanbury- Williams, Sir Chas. , 294 Hanger, Gabriel, Lord, 20 Hanham Court, 76 West, 76 Hanley castle, 2^2 ; church, 232 Court, 244 Swan, 232 Hanneman, portrait by, 108 Hannington bridge, 4? Harbour, floating, at Bristol, 89 Harcourt, Sir Wm., 187 Hardman, painted glass by, 17, 19. 21, 51, 180, 197, 223, 232, 264, 276 INDEX. 339 HABDWICK. Hardwick, designs by, 195, 197 Court Reformatory, 61 Harescomb Grange, 61 Haresfield Rly. Stat, and church, 62 Hare wood, near Ross, beech grove, 275 Harford family, 92 Harley family, 304 Harold, reign of, 78 Harp, Van, paintings by, 112 Harpton Court, 307 Harris, Renatus, the organ builder, 270 Harrowby, Earls of, 119 Hartlebury Junct. Stat., 198, 23S; Palace, 198 Hartley family, 74 Hartpury Court, 1 54 Harvingtoa church and Rly. Stat., 221 Haselden Abbey, 103 Hasfield Court, 15^ Hastings, Warren, ii}, 114 Hat manufactory, 94 Hatfield Court, 296 Hatherley Court, 40 Hatherley Down, church and schools, 59, 40 , Lord, 276 Hatherop Castle, 125 Haw Bridge, 15J Hawford Lodge, 192 Hawkesbury, manor, church, memorial tower, 7 3 Hawkms, Lady, 306 Hawksley Hall, 219 Hawkshaw, Mr., C.E., 90 Hawthorn, remarkable, 224 Hay Rly. Stat., 514 Wood, near Ludlow, 299 Hayles Abbey, 168 Hayley Wood tunnel, 37 Hayward family, 60 Hazledine, 1 54 Hazlewood family, 178 Headless Cross' Church, 222 Heath Rly. Stat., 309 Heath End House, 73 Heaton, glass by, 234 Hellens, 287 Hempsted Court and ch., 59 Henbury village, 93 Hennor, 296 Henry I., 13, 87, 180 II., council held by, 13, 60, 78, 250 III., coronation of, 13 ; 55. 250 IV., 293 ; ferry granted by, 281 v., 296, 304 VI., 78 HILLHAMPTON. Henry VII., 78, 187 ; portrait, 225 VIII., 27,217 Henshaw's (bell founder), monument, 24 Heritland, 274 Henwick Rly. Stat., 223, 236 Hall, 244 Herbert, Lord of Cherbury, 241 Hereford: city, 262; Shire Hall, 262 ; Cathedral, 263 ; Chapter Library, 269 ; Castle Green, Bishop's Palace, 270 ; churches, suburbs, 270, 271 ; history, 271 to Abergavenny and Newport, 315 Bromyard and the Hundred House, 323 Hay and Brecon, 309 Leominster and Ludlow, 291 , Earls of, 50 Herefordshire, area and his- tory, XXX ; Roman roads, xxxiii ; geology, xxxiv ; productions, xxxvi ; rivers, xxxvii ; objects of interest, xxxviii ; railways, xxxviii. Beacon, 231, 285 Hergest Court, 307; Ridge, 307 Hermitage of Merke, 55 ; Redstone, 239; Shelsley, 245 Herrington, Abbot of Per- shore, 178 Herrock Hill, 305 Hertford, Marquess, 221 Hervey family, 89 Hesketh, Lady, 81 Hewel, Bp,, 81 He well Grange, 217 HewelsGeld church, 55 Hicks family, 125, 134 , Dean of Worcester, 196, 223 Higtbrd family, 60, 164 High Park, 193 Highbury Camp, 57 Highfield, si Highgrove House, 107 Highmeadow woods, 57 Highnam Mansion, ch. fres- coes, 149; pinetum, 150 Highwortd, town and church, 45 Hill Court, near Berkeley, 69 ; Herefordshire, 258 Hill, the, 234 Hill House, 74 Hill Ash House, 152 HillhamptOQ, paintings, 250 HOTWELLS. Hills of important elevation. Robin Wood's, 12, 13 ; May, 58; Barrow, 6?; Stinch- combe, 65; Brandon, 88; Almondsbury, 98 ; Nar- . roways, 98; Crookbarrow, 180; the Old, 225 Himalayan firs, 245 Himley Hall, 208 Hindlip Hall, 192 Hinton Hill, Saxon camp, III on-the-Green, 164 Hoare, Sir R. C, 82 Hoarstone Druidical rock, 148 Hoarwithy, 276 Hobbema, 93 Hobbes, portrait of, 67 Hodges family, memorials, 105 Hoe Court, 285 Hogarth's paintings, 88, 252, 318 Holbeach House, 208 Holbein's portraits, 68, 74 108, 124; landscapes, 234 Hole, the Giant's, 91 Holford family, memorials, 107 Holl, Dr., on geology of Mal- vern, xxviii Hollywood, 98 Holme Lacey Rly. Stat., 259 ; House, 259 Holmer church, 291 Holt Fleet Bridge, 200 Norm, ch., 247 ; Castle, 248 Homend, 289 Homme House, 287 Honeybourne Rly. Stat., 120 to Stratford - on - Avon, 121 Honthorst, portraits by, 203 Hoo Brook, 199 Hooper, Bp., memorial of, 19, 22 Hop plantations, xxxvii Hope End, near Ledbury, 285 Hopner's portraits, 34 Hopper, designs by, 91 Hopton family, 104 Court, 226, 236 Hopton Heath Stat., 309 Horde family, 124 Horewell Forest, 251 Horfield Barrack, 97 Horsley village and Court, 1 1 Horton church and Manor- house, 73 Hor worthy, 259 Hoskyns family, 275, 319 Hotwells at Clifton, 91, 94 z 2 340 INDEX. HOUGH. Hough, Bp., 184, 199 How Caple Hill, 259 Howard family, 96 Huband family, 222 Hack's Bam, 299 Hudson, gilt bosses by, 267 Hudson's portraits, 108 • Hudibras,' author of, 253 Hulls, inventor of steam boats, 119 Hundred House Hotel, 249, 326 Hungerford, Sir W., portrait, 74 Hunsdon House, 256 Huntingford, Bp., 268 Huntington Park, 307 Huntley Manor, 58 ; family, memorials. 11, 64, 107, 132 Huntsham Ferry, 281 Hurd, Bp., 199 Huskisson, Rt. Hon. Wra., birthplace, 23 5^ Hut dwellings, ancient, 7 Hutchinsonian doctrines, 87 Hwiccii nation, xi, 43, 99 Hyde, Anne, 2 Hyde House, 7 Hydropathic establishments, Malvern, 229 Hyett family, 29 Hygre, or bore, on the Severn, :5ix, 61 I Ickneild Street, Roman road, xi, 126 Icomb church and manor- house, 128 Icthyosaurus remains, 76 Idbury church, 127 Idols, Hindoo, 87 Infantry barracks, Horfield, 97 Infirmary, royal, at Bristol, 86 ; at Worcester, 190 Inglesham church, 43 Inkberrow parish, 222 Ingram family, 117 Insect-wing fossils, 99 Inyn, Sir John, 84 Ionic architecture, 86 Ipsley church, 222 Irchenfield district, 273 Ireton family, memorials, 125 Irmin Street. See Ermine Iron Acton, cross and Rly. : Stat., 94 ore deposits, 52, 94 suspension bridges, 90 Ironside, Bp., 269 Isis, source of, 103 KENCHESTER. Isis, "Pride" of the, 217 Ismere House, 203 Isthmus at Bristol, 88 Ivington British camp, 296 Ivory carved box at Hard- wicke, 61 J. Jack of the Yat Oak, 52 Jackaman's bottom road, 103 Jackson, the artist, 88 "Jacob's Chair," 316 James I., incidents in reign of, I J ^ portrait, 68 II., portrait, 67 Jansen, C., portraits by, 67, no, 137, 204 Jay, John, brass of, 84 Jeffries family, 245 Jekyl, Sir Joseph, 288 Jenkinson family, memo- rials, 70, 73, 187 Jenner, Dr., notices of, 18, 32, 65, 66, 69 ; memorial win- dow, 18 ; bust, 65 Jenner-Fust family, 69 Jernegans of Norfolk, 137 Jewkes, the, 243 Jewstone formation, 244 John, King, 13, 55, 66, 180; tomb, 184 Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 210 Jones, Inigo, designs by, 43, 145, 169 Jonson, Ben, 120 Julian the Apostate, coins of, 130 "Junto," the, portraits of, 199 Jurassic beds of Gloucester- shire, XV Juxon, Archbishop, 116 E. Kateshill House, 240 Kauffman, Angelica, paint- ings by, 124, 274 Keble, Rev. John, birthplace, 44 Keck, Lord Commissioner, 120 Kemble June. Rly. Stat. 4 ; churcb, 34 family, 295 House, 4 Kemerton village, 163 Kemp family, 122 Kempsey village, 250 ; eh. and house, 251 Kempsford, frescoes, 43 Kenchester, 310 KYRLE. Kenderchurch, 318 Kenelm's, St. chapel, 205 Kent, Fair Maid of, 126 Kent's Green, 223 Kentchurch Court, 321 Kerne Bridge Rly. Stat., 282 Keynsham convent, 76 Keyt family, 119 Kidderminster, Rly. Stat., carpet trade, church, 201 Kiivi bird, specimen, 190 Kilpeck Castle and church, 317 Kimmeridge clay deposits, XV King's End House, 224 Hill, 65 Norton Rly. Stat. 220 ; church, 220 Walk, at Boxwell, 107 Weston Park, 92 Kingham church, 113 Kingholm, Roman stat., 12 Kingscote Park and family, 65 Kingsheatb, 220 Kingsland Rly. Stat., 301 Kingstanley, xiii Kingstone, 316 family, 30, 48, 137 Kington Grove House, 96 Kly. Stat., 306 Kingswood coal district, xv, 71, 75; abbey, 71, 106 Kinnersley Rlv. Stat., 312 ; castle and church, 312 Kinnersley House, Malvern Wells, 230 Kinsham chapel, 305 ; Court, Kinver Edge, 207 ; church, 207 Kinwarton House, 222 Knackery stone, 65 Kneller, portraits by, 34, 74, 107, 108, 119, 199,252, 258, 274 Knevet family, 62 Knight, the artist, 88 , Wm., 73 Knighton Rly. Stat., 305 Knigbtsford Bridge, 236 Knight wick, 237 Knill Court 304 ; church, 304 Knill-garraway, xxxii Knole Park, natural beauties of, 98 Knot, the Stafford, 96 Knotiesford, Sir John, 228 Knowle, Abbot, effigy, 80 Kymin mountain, 283 Kynastone House, 274 Kyre Park, 244 Kyrewood House, 244 Kyrle family, 152, 282 INDEX. 341 LABRADOR. L. Labrador coast discovered by Cabot, 89 Lacock nunnery, 126 Ladder, curious Roman, 48 Laden brook, 94 Lady Chapel at Gloucester, 19 ; at Bristol, 80 ; at Wor- cester, 187 ; at Hereford, 268 Lift eminence, 311 Lady wood Saline springs, 210 Lammas, The, 7 Lampern, the least, 217 Lampreys, a Gloucester deli- cacy, 13, 25, 191 Lancaster, Duchy and Dukes of, 4^, 47, 67 Landslips, remarkable, 259, 287 Lane, Col., monuments, 214; family, 244 Lanfranco, picture by, 93, 214 Langley family, 35 Langton family, 75 Lansdown Hill, battle of, 76 Lark-hill Bush, coins, 38 Lasborough valley, 107 Lassington, 150 Latimer, Bp,, 239 Laughern Hill House, 244 Lavers and Daniel, painted glass by, 178 Lawn, The, 2 Lawneswood House, 206 Lawrence Hill Rly. Stat., 97 , Sir Thomas, 34, 88, 93, 309, 321 Layamon, the historian, 238, 239 Lea Castle, 202 Leach river, 143 Lead mines, 98 Leasowes, at Halesowen, 209 Leaze, The, new mansion, 62 Lebanon cedars, 15^ Lech river, xxi Lechlade, 44, 124 Lechmere fdmily, 225, 261 ; memorials, 231 Leckhampton Court, 1 34 church, 134 Hill, 133 Ledbury, 231 ; Rly. Stat. 285 ; House, 286 district, geology of, XXXV Le Fevre, portrait by, 203 Le Notre, grounds laid out by. III Le Sueur, H., bronze statue by, 214 LLANVIHANGEL. Lee Place, Oxon, irj Leicester's Lord, hospital, 63 Leigh Court (Gloucester- shire), pictures and woods, 91 Court, 225 ("Worcester- shire) ; church, 226, 236 Leighton family, 198 Leintwardine on the Teme, 308 Leland, extracts from, viii, xii, 53, 66, 70, 74, 76, III, 179, 191 Lely, Sir Peter, portraits by, 34, 60, 63, 68, 74, 119, 190, 203, 254, 274 Lemore, 313 Lenthall, Speaker, 114, 124 Leominster Rly. Stat., town, churcr), 294 to Leintwardine, by road, 300 to Preston and Kington, 300 Leonard Stanley church, 64 St. Leonard's Court, 26 Letton Court, 312 Leveson, Sir Richard, 214 Lewis, Rt. Hon. Sir G. Corne- wall, Bart., 307 Ley, The, 312 Leycester, William, alabaster tomb of, 219 Lias (blue) quarries, 76, 98 Lichfield, Abbot, 174 Lickey Hill, Rly. Stat, on, 218 Lickhill, 238 Lightfoot, the botanist, 25 Lillygate, Roman reli. s, 38 Limestone, carboniferous, 94 at Cromhall, 95 Limoges, works of, 149 Lincoln Hill, 258 Lindridge village, 244 Lingen village, 305 Linton church, 255 Lippincott, family, 91, 92 Lisle, Lord, defeated and slain, 70 Little Hereford, 297 Littleton, Middle Church, 176 , South Farm, 176 Liverpool, Earl of, notices, ^ 70, 73 Llancaut, curious old church and font, 54 Llandinabo, 276 Llanfrawther, a celebrated Welsh seminary, 276 Llanthony abbey ruins, 26, 60, 146, 323 Llanvihangel Rly. Stat., 323 Court, 323 LYTTLETON. Llanwarne parish, 276 Llowes church, 14 Lloyd, Bp., monument, 176 Locks on Severn, 156 Lodge, the King's, in Dean Forest, loi Lond, Robert, brass of, 85 London to Gloucester and Cheltenham, 2 Worcester by Evesham, 173 Long Hill Oak, 52 Long Newnton church, 104 Longdon church, 234 ; marsh, 234 Longford House, 17 Longhope Rly. Stat., 58 Longstone, Druidical relic, 55 Longtown castle, 322 Longworth House and cha- pel, 291 Lorraine, Claude, celebrated paintings by, 109, 252 Lowe family, 244 Lower Weston church, 256 Louis XIV., portrait, 67 Lucan's Pharsalia, 150 Lucius, King, burial-place, i9> 23 Lucton endowed school, 301 Luddington church, 122 Ludford mansion and village, 299 Ludlow Rly. Stat, and hotels, 299 Lug river, xxxviii, 291, 294, 302, 305 Lugwardine quarries, xxxv ; tile-works, 291 ; church, 291 ; court, 291 Luxmore, Bp., 21 Lydbrook Junct. Stat., 102, 283 Lydiard Tregoze, 3 Lydney June. Stat., 50; ch. and cross, 51 ; Park, 51 Lye Rly. Stat., 208 Lyegrove House, collection of pictures in, 74 Lygon family, 247 Lymbrook nunnery, 305 Lynch Court, 301 Lypiatt Park in Bisley, 39; Lower, 39 Lysaght, T. R., designs by, 86 Lysons family, notices of, 23, 59. 69, 73, 103 Lyston Court, 276 Lyttleton family, notices and anecdotes, 179, 183, 202, 204, 207, 209 House, 227 342 INDEX. MABUSE. Mabuse, picture by, 167 Macaulay, Lord, 146; ex- tracts from, 114 Macready, the tragedian, 81 Medley church, ^15 Maddox, Bp., 188, 199 Madresfield Court, 224 Maes, paintings by, 197 IVIae>lwch Castle, J34 Mail coaches jBrst established between Gloucester and London, 88 Mainstone Court, 289 Maisemore village, 15J Maiseyhampton church, 124 Malcolm, king of Scotland, 13 Malmeftbury, inns, abbey, 4 ; cross, ruined arch, 14 Wm. of, xxiv, 106 Maltravers, the Lord, 67 Malvern, Great : beacons, 227 ; Hills, xxvi, 227 ; Priory, 227 ; church, 228 ; attractions, museum, col- lege, 229; excursions, 231 to Ashchurch, 232 West, 229 Link Rly. Stat., 227 — — Little, Court, Priory, church, 230 Wells Kly. Stat., 230 Mamble coal - pits, 242 ; church, 242 Mangotsfield June. Stat. 74 Manor House, 5 , The (Frocester), 63 (Droitwich), 195 Mansel Gamage, xxxii, 311 Mapes, Walter, 48 Maratti, C, paintings by, 108 Marble, Purbeck, 80 , forest, quarries, 105 Marches, Courts of the, 241 Marcle ch. and monuments, 287 Marden ch., 292 Margaret, Queen, 78 Marling, Thos., 20 Marriott family, 178 Marshall on agriculture, viii, X. Marshfield village, 112 Marston, Long, Rly. Stat., 121 Martin family, 233 Martley, 244 Mary, Queen of Scots, 67 Maskelyne family, 3 Masonic gift of painted win- dow, 184 Masonic Hall at Bristol, 87 Massie, General, victories of, 13, 50, 67, 106 ; portrait, 24 MOLA. Masters family, notices of, 28, 30, 98 Mathew, Archbishop, 88 Mathon village, 229 ; church, 229 Matilda, the Empress, 78 Matson House, 12 Matsys, Quentin, 203 Matthew's, Col., oak, 315 Maud, Empress, 13, 66 Maugersbuiy House, 128 Maurice, Prince, 76 ; portrait, 274 Mawley Hall, 242 May Hill, geology of, 58, 72 Mayo, Bp., effigy of, 269 Mede family, 84 Meenhill entrenchment, 122 Meerbach Hill, 313 Mendicant's tile at Cothe- ridge, 236 Mercia, kings of, 13 Mere Hall, timbered house, 198 Meredith House, 151 Merewether, Dean, 268 Merke Hermitage, 55 Meynell, Sir S. R., 277 Michaelwood Chase, 69 Mickleton Manor-house and church, 120 Middle Lyttleton church, 169 Middlehill Mansion, 170 Middleton, Mrs., marble figure of, 80 Middlewood, 314 Midghall Grange, 3 Milbury Heath quarries, 95 Milcote, 122 Miles, Sir W., pictures, 91 , Rev. Robert, college founded by, 87 Milk supply at Bath, 76 Mills, paper, 53, 59, 166 Milward family, 208 Mim, Colonel, 152 Minchinhampton, 6, 62 Minerals, large collection of, 87 Minety Station, 3 Minster Lovel church, 124 Minsterworth, 47, 150 Miserden Park and village 136 ; church, 137 Miserimus tomb at Wor- cester, 188 Misletoe on oaks, 63, 237, 288 302, 308, 313 Mitch el Dean Road Junct Stat., 58, 255 Moccas Court, 312; oak 312 Moigne, Sir John, 104 Mola, P. F., paintings by, 197 MURILLO. Molyn, paintings by, no Monk, Bp., memorials of, 18, 97 Monkland church, 300 Monmouth, 52, 57 ; Rly. Stat., hotels, 278 Monnington church, 311; Court, 311 Monnow river, 318 Monstrelet, 249 Monteagle, Lord, 193 Montfort, Simon de, 13, 174, 271 Moor Court, 302 Hall, 238 — Park, 299 — , the, Kington, 306 Moore, monumental designs by, 118 , Archbishop, 25 Morastone Court, 273 Mordiford, xxxv ; fossil re- mains, 261 More, Hannah, 88, 91, 97 , Sir Antonio, portraita by, 167 Morebampton Rly. Stat., 310; Park, 319 Moreton family, 72 Moreton-in-the-Marsh Rly. Stat., 115 Morton-on-Lug Rly. Stat., 292 ; church, 292 ; Court, 292 Morgan family, 268 Morland, painting by, 197 Morley, Mrs., monument, 20 Morris-dance of centenarians, 320 Mortimer's Cross ; battle, 301 Morton House, 222 Moseley Rly. Stat., 220; Hall, 220 Mount Craig Court, 277 Norris, Earl of, 202 Mouse Castle Camp, 314 MSS., Anglo-Saxon, 21 ; Salt's New Testament, 42 ; early, 188 Much Birch, 276 Dewchurch, 316 Marcle, 287 ; landslip, 287 Mulberry-tree, remarkable, 190 Miiller, George, asylum founded by, 88, 97 Moth, British, rare, of Bewd- ley Forest, 239 Murchison,' Silurian System,' 95, 99, 210, 218, 226, 237, 261, 299, 300, 318 Murder at Hadsor, 197 Murillo, paintings by, 60, 225, 275 INDEX. 343 MUSEUMS. Museums : — Bristol, 87 Cirencester, 30 Dudley, 211 Gloucester, 24 Lypiatt, 39 Worcester, 190 Musgrave, Abp., memorial window to, 267 Mussel petrifaction, 97 Mustard of Tewkesbury, 156 Mynde Park, 316 My tens, portraits by, 197 Mythe Bridge, 1 59 N Nail trade, 213 Nailsworth Rly. Stat., 62 ; manufactories, 11 ; hill, 7 Nanfan family, 235 Napping Mills, the earliest, II Narroways Hill, 98 Nash, architect, designs by, 93* m Court, 243 , Dr., the historian, 192, 195 , The, estate, 251 Naunton church, 147 Nautical Almanac, i Neath, hotels at, 54 Necham, Alexander, 30 Needle manufactories, 215, 222 Neen Solers Rly. Stat., 242 Nelson's column, Hereford, 270 Nesfield, gardens laid out by, 249, 290, 312 Netcher, portrait by, 252 Netberton, 179; Rly. Stat., 210 Nether wood Camp, 324 Newark Park, 7 1 ; House, 59 Newberry, Abbot, 80 New bold hamlet, 117 Newbridge Hill, 76 Newburgh, Earls of,- 28, 32, 57 Newbury, Jack of, portrait, 74 Newcombe House, 120 Newcourt, 291 Newent town, 151 ; coal-field ^ and church, 152 Newland, Abbot, 80 — village, 56, 224 Newmarch, Mr., on imita- tion Roman remains, 133 Newnham (Gloucestershire) Rly. Stat., 49 . (Worcestershire) Rly. Stat., 243, 250 OAKSEY. Newnham Court, 243 Newnton Hill, 104 House, 104 Newport, 53 ; hotels, 53 House, Herefordshire, 313 Newton family, 76, 81, 85 Niagara suspension bridge, 90 Nibley Green, conflict at, 70 Knoll, eminence, 70 North, 70 Nicholson, Bp., 20 Nightingale Valley, Clifton, 91 Noak, The, estate, 244 Noble, sculpture by, 268 Noel family, 119 Nollekens, sculpture by, 146, 183, 200 Noose Sands, 50 Norbury Roman camp, 145 Norfolk, Dukes of, 60, 96, 190, 260 Norgrove House, 216 Norman architecture, 81 North, Roger, on the Chief Justice at Badminton, temp. Charles II., 109 Northifield church, 219 Northleach town and ch., Northleigh Roman villa, 113 Norihwick Park, 1I8 Norton June. Rly. Stat., 180 Court, 155 Hall, 119, 180 Villa, 180 church, 221 Manor, 304 Burnt Hall, 119 Notclifife House, 1 55 Notgrove church, 130 Nottingham, Lord Chief Jus- tice, 29 Nourse family, 256 Nunneries, modern, 11, 190 Nunnington, 323 Nun-upton oak, 297 Oak, Austin's, 99 Oak-trees, ancient, 52, 57, 68, 251, 260, 275, 297 ; with misletoe, 63, 237, 302, 313 Oakhampton, 239 Oaklands, 50, 296 Oakle Street Rly. Stat., 47 Oakleaze, 99 Oaliley Park and Woods, 32 34 Oakridge church, 38 Oaksey royal park, 4 OZLEWOBlTH. Obelisk Hill at Eastnor, xxv Objects of interest : — Gloucestershire, xxii Worcestershire, xxvii Herefordshire, xxxviii Observatories, 91, 278 Ucle Court, 293, 323 Pychard, 323 O'Connor, painted glass by, 40, 161 Oddington Manor, 114 Odo, Duke of Mercia, 157, 162 (Jfla's Dyke, xxxii, 53, 54, 281. 305, 310 — Palace, xxxii, 292 Oldbury Camp, 96, 261 ; ma- nufactories, 210 Oldhill, Rly. Stat., 208 Oldland chapelry, 76 Oldysworth, Wm., Esq., 45, 47 Old Street House, 50 Oliver, portraits by, 321 Olveston church, 99 Olympic games on the Cots- wolds, 120 Ombersley Court, 199 Onibury Rly. Stat. 300 Oolite deposits, xv Orford, Earls of, 199 Organ, fine, at Hereford Ca- thedral, 270 Oriel College, restorations by, 17, 92 Orleton, Adam of, 297 parish, 297 Ormerod, Dr. George, 53 Ormond, Duke of, 108 Oseney convent, 126 Osric, Viceroy of the Hwiccii, 20 Ostorius Scapula, xxx, 74, 202, 231 Oswald, St., Hospital, Wor- cester, 190 Ouseley, Rev. Sir F. G., 243 Over Areley Castle, 202 Court strata, 98 Ross House, 256 Over village, 148 Overbury, Sir Thomas, 115 Court and silk-mills, 254 Owen, portrait by, 309 Oxford Rly. Stat, ai d hotels, 112, 123 to Evesham, 112 to Cirencester, 123 to Cheltenham, 126 Oxenhall, 152 Oxenton church and mauso- leum, 156 Ozle worth Park, 71; church, 71 344 INDEX. PAKINGTON. P Pakington family, 189, 196, 197 Painswick town, 9; House, 10; stone, 8 Palace at Gloucester, 21 ; at Bristol, 81 ; at Hartlebury, 198 Palladian architecture, 108 Pallas, figure of, 129 Palm tides on Severn xx, 61 Pandy Rly. Stat., ?22 Paper Mills, 53, 59, i66 Park, the, 307 Parkend Stat., loi Parker, Arcnbishop, 190 Parklands, 62 Parks (deer) :— Badminton, 109 Berkeley, 68 Cherrington, 103 Courtfield, 281 Croft Castle, jo2 Croome, 252 Downton, 309 Eastnor, 288 Eywood, 304 Garnons, 311 Hampton Court, 294 Holme Lacey, 260 Kenl church, 321 Moccas, 312 Oakley, 35 Pinbury, 35 Rendcomb, 138 Stoke Editb, 290 Stowell, 144 Titley, 304 Wit ley, 249 Wyaston Leys, 278 Parmigianino, paintings by, 95 Parocelle, painting by, 108 Parr, Queen Catherine, mo- numient, 168 Parry, Bishop of Worcester, effigy of, 183 Parry, T. Gambler, Esq,, frescoes by, 19, 149 Partis College, near Bath, 76 Partridge family) 137 Parvise at Cirencester, 30 ; at Crudwell, 103 ; atHawkes- bury, 7? Passage, New, on Severn, 97, Paston monuments, 73 Patchway Rly. Stat., 98 Paul, Sir 0., Bart., 11, 20 Pauntley church and Manor- house, 152^ PINBURY PARK. Pavements, tesselated, 18, 65 94, 103 Pearce, portrait by, 252 Hearl quarry, 210 Pear tree, remarkable, 260 Pebworth village, 121 Pedmore church, 206 Hall, 206 Pegglesworth eminence, 140 Pemt ridge Castle, 278; Rly- Stat., 302 family, 26? Pembroke College, Oxford, Pencomb church, 324 Pencraig Court, 277 Pendock church, 235 Pendrill family, 121 Pengethley, 274 Penmoyle House, 54 Penn, Sir William, 3, 83, 88 Pennant rock, xvi Pennarth beds at Aust, 99 Pennoxstone Court, 259 Penpole House, 94 Penpole Point, 94 Pentamen fossils, 58 Pentelow brook, XAXvi Pensax coal-pits, 242 Court, 242 Penyard Chase, 255 Percy, Sir Charles, 108 Perdiswell Park, 192 Perrot family, 126, 176, 196 Perry fruit district, xxxvii ; the Barlaud, xxxvii; the Squash, 151 Perrystone House, 259 Pershore Rly. Stat., 178 Peterchurch Stat., j2o Peter's, St., Wells, ?2o Peterstow church. 27? Petit on church architecture, 55, 64 Petrifactions at Frenchay, 97 Peyton, Edward, 176 Philanthropical establish- menr, 97 Philip, J. B. sculptures by, 49 , Sir John, monument of, 201 Phillipps, Sir Thomas, valu- able library of, 42 Phillips, Wm., the Sacrist at Bristol, 81 (the poet), 256; family, 287, 291 ; erave, 267 Piercefield Woods, 54 Pilgrims, reception of, 22 Hilleth Hill, battle, 304 Pills on the Severn, xix Pilning Rly. Stat., 99 Pinbury Park, 35, 37 POTJLETT. Pinetum at Highnam, 150; at Eastnor, 288 Pinvin church, frescoes, 177 Piombo, S. del paintings by, 92 Pi r ton Court, 251 Pitchcroft racecourse, 192 Pitmaston House, 22? Pittville pump-room, 40 Pixbam Ferry, 251 Pixie V church, 289 Plautius, Aulus, 12 Pleremore House, 203 Pleydell family, 3, 125 Plinlimmon, springs of, xviii, xxxvii Plot, Gunpowder, incidents, 39, 192, 208 Plotting closet at Thornbury, 96 Ploughing by steam intro- duced, 113 Plowman, Piers, • Visions ' of, 227 Plumptre, Dean, memorial, 21 Plymouth, Earls of, 189, 217, 218 Pole, Abp., 206 Polemberg, paintings by, 108 ' Polyolbion, 'quotations from, ix., 44, 66, 117, 122, 149, 242 Pontlarge Stanley church, 164 Pontrilas Rly. Stat., 318; Court, 3i3 Pontypool;Road Stat., 32J Poole family, 37 , the artist, 88 House, 276 Pope, Alexander, seat, 35 ; remarks by, 86, no; li- brary, 199 , the architect, designs of, 86 , Mrs. Mary of Flaxley, 49 , Sir Thomas, 116 Porphyritic greenstones, 71 Port and Pier Rly., Bristol, 91 Porter, Endymion, Esq., 120 Porter, Misses, the novelists, 81 , Sir Arthur, 60 Porto Bello, 1 16 Portskewet Rly. Stat, and Ferry, 97, 100 Postlip House, 165; and paper mills, 166 Postway Roman road, 202 Pottery, Roman, collection, 7 ; imitation of, 133 Poulett, Nicholas, 3 INDEX. 345 POULSTONE COURT. Poulstone Court, 259 Houlton village, 124 Poussin, paintings by, 63, <)3, 108, 124, 204 Powell, Rev. Canon, memo- rial, 29 , Mr. Justice, monument, 20, 25 Powick, 224 Powle, Mr. Speaker, 125 Poyntz family, 71, 94, 106, 132 Prayer-book, early, 188 Preedy, stained glass by, 168, 177, i8i, 193 Prelatte, Wm,, portrait of, 29 Prestbury village, 165 Presteign Rly. Stat., town and Castle, 304 Preston, near Ledbury, 1 52 on-Stour church, 122 Prestwood House, 206 Pretender, the Old, portrait, 190 Price, painted glass by, 249 Prideaux, Bp., 262 Priestfield Staf, 213 Prince Consort memorial win- dow, 4 J Prince's End Stat., 213 Prinknash Park, 26 Priory of Little Malvern, 230 ; of Leominster, 294 ; of Gaunts, 82 Priory Mansion, 104 Probus, coins of, 130 Probyn family, notices of, 56 Procaccini, paintings by, 93 Prospect Wiilk, Ross, 257 Proverbs, local, 121 Puckrup Hall, 160 Puddlestone Court, 296 Puff Stone Rock, 325 Pull Court, 159 Pulpit-cloth, ancient, 29 Purday, sculptures, 39 Puritans, outrages of, 18, 21 Purton Rly. Stat., 2 ; church and spa, 3 Ferry, 50 Purey family, 21, 151 Pury, Alderman, 21 Putley, 289 ; Court, 289 — Cross, 289 Pye family, 278, 317 Pyne, the artist, 88 Pyons, conical hills, 292 Pyrke family, 50, 59 Q. Quar Wood, 127 Quedgley House, and history, 60 RIDES. Queenhill chapel, 160 Quendreda, Princess, 166, 205 Quenington church, door- ways, 125 Querns at Cirencester, 31 Quin family, memorials, 56 Quinton, Lower, church, 122 Quixote, Don, tapestry, 105 ; 'Spiritual,' 120 B. Radbrook Mansion, 122 Radnor, Old, church, 307 Raglan Castle, 283 Lord, 109 Ragley Park, 221 Raikes, Robert, 22, 25 Railway-carriage manufac- tory, 210 Ramsay, portraits by, 203 Ranbury Camp, 124 Raphael, paintings, 60, 93,108 , St., college of, 87 Rattee and Kett, carvings by, 168 Ravine at Highbury, 57 Raynsford family, 123 Redcliffe, St. Mary, church, 83, 84 Red-coat hospital, 271 Redditch manufactories, 222 Redesdale, Lord Chancellor, 115 Redland Court, 92 Redstone Hermitage, 238 Reformatory for boys, 61 Rembrandt, paintings by, no, 197, 225 Rendcomb Park and church, 138 Reni, Guido, paintings by, 95. no Renigal, paintings by, 63 Repton, designs, 65, 113, 261 Reynolds, Sir Josh., portraits by, 34, 60, 107, 108, no, 124, 189, 197 Rhaetic beds at Aust, 99 Rhydd, The, 225 Rhys, Sir G., altar-tomb, 187 Ribbesford House, 241 Ricardo family, notices of, ^6, 7 Rice, Dean, memorial, 21 Rich, Sir Thomas, 24, 138 Richard II., King, 78 Richard ill. at Gloucester, 13 Richard's Castle Manor, 298 Richelieu, Cardinal, 190 Rickman, designs by, 150, 220 Rides, the Ten, 34 ROUND HILL. Ridgebourne House, in King- ton, 307 Ridge Mansion, 65 Rigby Hall, 215 Rings, bull, Roman, 31 Ringsbury Camp, 3 Riots at Bristol, 89 Ripingille, paintings by, 88 Ripple Rly. Stat,, 235 Hall, 235 Rissingtons, the, parishes, 129 Rivers of Gloucestershire, xviii ; of Herefordshire, xxxviii Riviere, De la, family, in Roads, Roman, xi., xxxiii. Robert, Earl of Gloucester, effigy, 85 Robin Hood's Butts, 292 Robin's Wood Hill, 12 Rockingham Hall, 203 Rocklands Mansion, 277, 282 Rock-salt strata, 194 Rocks, St. Vincent's, 91 ; vol- canic, 98 ; estate of, 112 Rockstowes, 65 Rodborough church, 10 ; manor, 10 Rodmarton parish, 103 Rodney family, 297 Rogers, painted glass, 19, 22, 189, 224 Rogiet on Severn, 97 Rolt, Rt. Hon. Sir John, 71 Roman camps. See Camps. ironworks, 48 remains, 10, 12, 31, 48, 50, 51, 52, 66 roads, xxxiii salt-works, 194 worship, 58 Romano, paintings by, 108 Romilly, Sir Samuel, burial- place, 304 Romney, Sir Wm., portraits by, 34. 74» 104. 109, 225 Rookwood's conspiracy, 208 Rosa, Salv., paintings by, 93, 109, 234, 252 Rosamond's, Fair, birthplace, 63, 314 Rosebury rock strata, 237 Rosemary Topping Hill, 281 Ross Rly. Stat., 59, 256 ; John Kyrle, the "Man of Ross," 257 ; Tour of the Wye, 278 to Hereford, 273 to Monmouth, the river Wye, 276 Rotherwas Mansion, 262 Roubiliac, monuments, 184, 198, 268, 293 Round Hill at Spetchley, 180 Oak Rly. Stat., 210 346 INDEX. EOUS FAMILY. Rous family, 122, 164 Rouse Lench Court, 221 Routbout, paintings of, 197 Rowden family, 4^ Rowley, Thomas, 85 Rowley-Regis Rly. Stat,, 210 Ro wis tone church, J2i Rownham Ferry, 91 Ruardean, 282 Rubens, paintings, 217 Rudder, extracts from, 38, 121 Rudhall family, bell-founders of Herefordshire, 25, 257, 258 Rug manufactories, 201 Rupert, Prince, 88, 107, 181, 190, 208, 274 Rushforth, designs by, 276 Rushout family, 118 Russell family, 7, 10, iii , Chief Justice, 203 Russells of Strensham, 253 Ruthall, Bishop of Durham, 32 Ryeford Rly. Stat., 62 Ryehouse Plot, 83 Ryeland district, xxxvi, 27 3 Ryelands, 296 Rysbrach, statuary and, bronzes by, 85, 86, 91, 109, 118, 203 s Sackville, Sir Thomas, 126 Sainfoin introduced, 1 14 Saintbury church, 120 St. Anne's Well, at Malvern, 227 St. Anthony's Well, 49 St. Briavel's Castle, 55 St. Devereux Rly. Stat., 317 St. Ethelbert's Camp, 261 St. Germans, Earls of, 36 St. John's, Ash, 145 Gate at Bristol, 85 St. Quinton deer park, 3 o St. Vincent's Rocks, 91 St. Weonards, 275 Salley, Bp. of Llandaff, 82 Salford Priors Rly. Stat., 221 Salisbury, Earl of, 27 Salmon-fishery, xxi, 48 Salperton Park, 147 Saltmarsh Castle, 325 Saltmore Well, 299 Salt-rock deposits, 194, 215 Saltway, ancient road, 126, 194 Salt-works, 194 Salviati, sculpture by, 222 Salwarp church, 193 Salwey family, 246 SEVERN RIVER. Samian ware, discovery of, Sandbourne, 238 Sandford's Knoll, 64 Sandys, Lord, family, 137, 199, 200 Sandywell Park, 142 Sapey brook, encrustations, 190, 325 , Upper, 326 Sapperton ch., monuments, 36 Sarcophagus at Badminton, of black marble, 108 Sarnesfield Court, 312 Sarsden steam-ploughing, and parish, 113 Sarto, And. del, paintings, no Saunders, Chief Justice, family, 104 Savage, Richard, the poet, 85 family, of Worcester- shire, 179, 222 Saxons, the camps of (see Canaps) ; invasions of, 13 ; MSS., 21 ; victories, 63, III ; ornaments, 175 Saye and Sele, Lord, 263, 268 Scharf, George, 20 Scheemaker, sculptures, 23 Schidone's paintings, 93 Scots, Mary, Queen of, 190 Scott, Sir G. G., E. A., re- storation by, 19, 30, 49, 68, 126, 178, 184, 216, 227, 228, 232, 257, 263, 267, 271,295 Scowles, Roman works, 52 Screen metallic, at Hereford, 263 ; stone, 69 Scudamore family, 26, 59, 260, 321 Scythe manufactory, 206 Seabrook, Abbot, 20 Seals, ancient, at Worcester, 189 Seamen, college for, 87 Sedbury Park, relics, 53 Sedgeberrow, curious church, 172 See of Bristol, 82 ; Gloucester, 21 ; Hereford, xxxvi ; Wor- cester, 180 Seizincote House, 116 Sellack, 274 Selly oak, 219 Selwyn, George A., 12, 60 Sendlowe, John, Lord, in Serlo, Abbot, works of, 14 Servants' Hospital, 271 Severn river, x, xix, xx, 12, 37, 44, 47, 50, 51, 53, 6t, 97, 99, icx), 149, 159, 180; canals, 43 ; vale of, 12, 169, 242 SION HOUSE. Severn Bank, 252 Bridge Stat., 161 End Mansion, 233 Stoke, 252 Sevenhampton, relics, 142 ; church, 142 Seward, Miss, 159 Seycell, John, brass of, in Seymour, Thomas, Lord, 30 family, 105 , Queen Jane, 27 Shakenhurst, 242 Shakespeare, references to, 121, 1231 Shanklin Pool, 199 Sharpness Point, steamers, 69 Stat., loi Shatterford, basaltic dyke, 241 Sheep, Cotswold, ix ; Here- fordshire, xxxvi Sheet House, 300 Sheldon family, 117, 179 Shelsley Beauchamp, 245 Walsh, 245 Shenborrow Hill camp, 169 Shenstone, Wm. (the poet), 209 Shepardine House, 99 Sherborne, Lord, 40, 145 Park, 145 Sherridge, 226 Ship money, results, 180 Shipston-on-Stour, town, 116 Shipton Court, 113 Shipton Moigne church, 104 Oliffe, 143 under- Wych wood, 113 Shipward, John, of Bristol, 84 Shirehampton, 93 Shirenewton village, 100 Shirestones, the Four, 116 Shobdon Court, 303 ; church, 303 Shovel, miner's, Roman, 48 Showborough Hall, 160 Shrawley Manor and church, . 248 Shrubhill Rly. Stat., 192 Shucknill Hill strata, xxxv, 290 Shurnock Court, 216 Shuter, portraits by, 189 Siddington St. Peter ch. 35 Sidmouth, Viscount, portrait of, 52 Siege of Gloucester, 13 Silk factories at Blockley, 117; at Tewkesbury, 156; at Overbury, 254 Singh, Maharajah Dhuleep, 125 Sion Hill, 202 House, 203 INDEX. 347 SISTON COURT. Siston Court, 74 Skidmore metal-works, at Hereford, 263 Skin, human, on churchdoor, 188 Skipp family, notices, 216 Stanford Bishop, ch., 326 Slaughter, Lower and Upper, 129 Smethwick Rly. Stat., 210 Smirke, designs by, 25, 261 Smith, Bp. of Gloucester, 272 Smythe, Sir G. H., Bart., 97 Snell family, 23, 26 Sneyd Park, old, 92 Snigge, Sir George, 85 Snodhill Castle, 3 20 Snowhill Rly. Stat., 2io Snyders, paintings by, 8, 197, 217, 274 Sodbury churches and camp, 74 Soldiers' Hospital, 271 Sollershope, 259 Somers, Earl, memorials, 190, 288 Somerset family, 85, 108 , Lord Robert, memorial tower, 73 South Leigh Stat., 123 Southaui Mansion, 165 Southey, Robert, birthplace, 80, 88; anecdotes of, 23, remarks by, 75, 89 Southstone travertine rock, 245 Southwell family, 92 Spade manufactories, 210 Spagnoletti's pictures, 60, 112 'Spectator' papers, 118 Speech House Inn, 51, loi Spencer family, 112 , the poet, 67 Spetchley Park, 179 Sponebea Hill entrenchments, 10 Spring Grove, 239 Hill, 170 Hill Mansion, 153 Springfield, 258 Squints, 106 Stafford, Duke of Bucking- ham, 50, 62, 95 Stanage Park, 305 Stanbrook Hall Convent, 224 Stancombe Park, 66 Standish church, 12 Stanfield, Dr., 10 Stanford Court, 246, 326 Stanley Lodge, 141 Park, 62 Pontlarge church, 164 Stanton Court, 169 Fitzwarren Park, 43 STOWELL PARK. Stanton Harcourt church mo- numents, 123 Park, 302 Stanway, 169 Stanwell Manor, exchange of, 217 Staples, Alexander, brass of, Stapleton Road Rly. Stat., 97 House. 97 ; castle, 305 Stardens, 152 Statutes of Gloucester, 13 Staunton, 154, 284 Steamers, ocean, 88 Stechford Rly. Stat., 220 Stedcote Roman pavement, 94 Stephen, King, 181 ; reign of, 72, 78 Stephens family, 105 Sterne's P^liza, 81 Stewpony Inn, 206 Stick manufactory, 5 Stillingfleet, Bp., 184, 199 Stinchcombe Hill, views, 65 Stockton church, 243 Stoke Bishop church, 92 Bliss church, 244 Edith Park, 290,^xxxv ; rly. Stat,, 290 House, 97 Park, 92 Prior salt-works church, 215, 294 Stoke Lacy, 323 Stokeleigh camp, 91 Stone Bench, tidal bore, 61 boundaries of counties, 115, 307 family, 234 Nicholas, the sculptor, parish, 199 Stonehouse Rly. Stat., 10, 62 Court, 10 to Nailsworth, 10 Stonei-field slate, xiv Stoney Street road, xxxiv, 316 Stonts hill, 65 Storrage Hill, Old, 237 Stour river, 201, 206 Stourbridge Rly. Stat., 206 ; Grammar School, 206 ; coal- measures, XXV Stourhead Park, 82 Stourport Rly. Stat., 238 Stourton family, 104; Castle, 206 ; Hall, 206 Stow encampment, 55 on-the-Wold Rly. Stat. and town, 127 Stowe Field, 282 House, 63 Stowell Park, Roman villa, 144 TAMES FAMILY. Stratford family, 155 on- Avon Rly. Stat, and hotels, 123 Strattun village, ijo St. Margaret, 43 Street, Mr., designs by, 113 Court, 301 Strensham Court, church,j253 Stretton Grandison, 289 Sugwas, 310 Strickland, H. E., geological remarks by, xxvi Stroud Rly. Stat., public buildings, factories, 8 Green, 11 Stroudwater Hills, viii Stuart's Lodge, 230 Studley Park, 222 Sturmy, Sir John, 243 Sudeley Castle, 167 Sueur, Le, sculpture by, 20 Sufton Court, 261 Sugarloaf Hills, 292 Surman family, 1 55 Surrey, Duke of, death, 27 Sutgrove House, 137 Sutton, Lord Dudley, 213 Walls camp, 292 Swansea Rly. Stat., 54 Swell, Lower, church, 148 Swift, Dean, anecdotes of, 33, 277 Swilgate brook, 156 Swindon, New, Rly. Stat., i ; to Cirencester and Stroud, 27 to Lechlade and Fair- ford, 43 Hall Mansion, 1 55 Manor House, 155 Swinfield, Bp. of Hereford, 246, 288 Swinford, Old, Hospital, 206 Sword of State at Newnham, 49 Sydney, Algernon, 60 Symonds, Diary of, 109 , Rev. W. S., geological remarks by, xxviii, 284 Yat, 281, 283 T. Tacitus, quotations from, XXX, xxxi, 314 Talbot, Baron of Hensol, 146 , family of Salwarp, notices of, 193 Talboys, R., tomb, 104 Talgarth, 314 Talman, designs by, iii Talyllyu junct. stat., 314 Tames family, 44, 45 348 INDEX. TANFIELD. Tanfield, Chief Baron, 124 Tankerhopes House, 52 Tanner, Thomas, of Dursley, 65 Tapestry decorations, 105 Tardebigge monuments, 217 Tarleton Manor-house, loj Tarrington village, 289 Taylor, the Water-Poet, 25 Taynton parish and Squash Perry, 151 • House, 151 I'ecla's, St., chapel, S3 Teddington Cross, 163 Tedstone Court, 326 Delamere, 325 Telford's bridges, 47, 159 Teme, river, 224, 236, 299, 24^, 308 Temple Guiting House, 147 Tenbury Rly. Stat., 249 Teniers, paintings by, 60, loi, 108, no, 234 Tenter fields, 5 Terry family, 268 Tessellated pavements, 65,94, 103, 113, 139 Tetbury, town of, 62, 104 Teulon, designs by, 58, 70 Tewbury-hill, 160 Tewkesbury Rly. Stat., 156; abbey, 156; battle, 156 Thames Head, 103 ; tunnel, 37 ; river, xxi and Severn Canal, 37, 43 ; Junction, 44 Theed, R.A., monument by. 257 Thirlestane House, 42 Thirlwall, Bp., 89 Thomas, busts by, 86, 262 Thomson, the poet, 203 Thornbury Rly. Stat., 95; church, 96 ; Castle, 95 ; Park, 96 Thome, Nicholas, 85 Thorneycroft, altar-tomb by, 286 Thorngrove House, 247 Thornhill, Sir James, paint- ings by, 198, 290 Thorps of Berkeley, 69 Thorwaldsen, statues by, 197 Three Cocks' Junction Stat., Throckmorton family, notices of, 39» 1'^, 116, 176 Througham quarries, 38 Thruxton village. 317 Thynne, Sir Henry, tomb of, Tianni, paintmgs by, 93 Tibberton Court, 151, 316 Tickenhall Manor House, 240 TEYE FAMILY. Tidenham House, 54, 98; chase, 55 Tides, Palm, in the Severn, XX, 61 Tierney familv, 63 Tile-works, encaustic, 291 Tiles, Roman, 18, 31 Timbrill, Archdeacon, 21 Timmin's Hill, 210 Tingle-stone, fragment, 104 Tinplate works at Lidbrook, 283 Tintern Abbey, 53, 100 Tintoretto, portraits by, 108 Tipton Rly. Stat., 213 Tirley church, 153 Titley Stat., 304 ; Court and Church, 304 Toad - in - a - hole mystery at Bredon Hill, 162 Tockington House,99; Manor, 99 Toddington, 171 ; Abbey, 171 Todenham Manor-house, 116 Toghill battlefield, 76 Tolsey at Gloucester, 24 Tomes, John, 240 Tonson, Jacob, the book- seller, 286 Tormarton, early ch., in Torture, mode of, 189 Tortworth Court, 71 ; Roman villa, chestnut - tree, 72 ; church, 72 Tower at Hawkesbury, 73 ; at Clifton, 91 ; at Wor- cester, 188 Townsend House, 64 Tracey family, 18, 45, 169 Park, paintings, 112 Training College, Chelten- ham, 41 ; Tenbury, 243 Tram Inn Rly. Stat., 316 Trapping, novel process of, 5 Tr tvertine rock, 65 Treago, 275 Tredington parish and cross, 117 Court, 155 Trees of remarkable growth : chestnut, 72 ; spruce fir, 105; cedar, 159; elms, 270 Trenchard family, 43 Tretire church, 275 Trevisa, Bible translator, 66 Trewsbury Castle and camp, 103 House, 103 Trewyn, 322 Trilleck, Bp., fine brass of, 264 Trimpley Hill, geology, 241 Trout fishings, 45, 278, 302 Troy House, 283 Trye family, 61 VANDYKE. Trym, valley, 92 Tump Castle at Saintbury, 120 Tumuli at Alveston, 98 Tunnels : — Almondsbury, 99 Ballingham, 259 Groveley, 218 Ledbury, 285 Mickleton, 120 Malvern ridge, 284 Sapperton, 37 Severn (under the), 97 Waste Hill, 219 Tutsbill village, 54 Twyning church, 160 Tyley, sculptures by, 81 Tyndale, William, Bible translator, memorials of, 70, 87 Tytherington Rly. Stat., 94 u Uley-Bury, encampment, 65 Uley House, 65 Ulfa, Danish chief, 7 Umbrella stick manufacture, 5 Underdo wn, 286 Upleadon, 151 Upper Hall, 286 Upper Slaughter church, 129 Upton Grove, 105; House, 104 on-Severn Rly. Stat., 233 Snodsbury, 216 Bishop, 259 — . St. Leonard's church and Court, 26 Urishay Castle, 320 V Vaccination introduced by Dr. Jenner of Berkeley, 66 Vaga, river, 54 Vale of the Severn, x, 59, 73 ; of Evesham, xxiv Valley, the Golden, 5, 37 ; Habberley, 241 ; the Night- ingale, 91 ; of Woolhope, XXXV Van Loo, portraits by, 189 Vanbrugh, designs, 63, 92 Vanderbank, paintings by, 92 Vandermeer's paintings, 108, 112 Vanderwert's portraits, 190 Vandevelde, paintings by, 63, 108, no Vandyke, portraits by, 20, 63, 68, 93, 108, 124, 197, 199, 203, 225, 234, 254. 274 INDEX. 349 VANI.ORE. Vanlore, Sir Peter, 274 Vansomer, portrait by, 74 Vasari, sculptures, 203 Vaughan, altar-tomb, jo6 Yeel family, 98 Velasquez, portraits, 60, 197, 204 Venusti, M., paintings by, 92 Venwood, 293 Vere, Sir Frances, 295 Vemet, picture by, 91 Vemey, Sir Thos., 44 1 , bir Ralph, 207 Vernon family, 198, 248 monument, 81 Veronese, Paul, paintings by, 93, 204 Verrio, paintings by, 249 Vertue, sketches by, 167 Vespasian, coins of. 130 Vicarius, treatise of, on Civil Law, 188 Vicars' Choral College, Here- ford, 270 Vick, Mr., important legacy of, 90 *'View, Double," at Tiden- ham, 54 Villas, Roman, 66, 73, 112, » 113, 132, 134. 139. 144 Villiers, Sir N., 36 Vinci, Leonardo da, paintings bv , 4, ic8 Virgil's 'Georgics,' 15T Viviana, paintings by, 108 Vineyard Hill Camp, 73 Volcanic rocks. 98 Volterra, paintings by, 92 Vowchurch, 320 Vulliamy, designs by, 107 w Waagen, remarks on picture galleries by, 91. 92, 98, 213 Wadborough Rly. Stat., 251 Wailes, painted glass by, 18, 53, 62, 214, 245 Wales, Edward, Prince of, 158 , Frederic, Pnnce of, 11 Walford village, 282 Wall Hill camp, 288 Waller, Sir William, 76, 104, 151 Wallsworth Court, 155 Walpole, Horace, 204; on Robin's Wood Hill, 12 Walsati, victory gained by, 45 Walsh, Sir John, 74, 246 family, 250 Walter, Chief Baron, 113 WESTCOTE. Walton, Alderman, altar- tomb, 23 , Isaac, 187, 274 Walwyn family, 81 W anley, Andrew, Esq., 129 Wans well Court, 69 Wapley Hill, camps on, 302 War burton. Bishop, tomb of, 20 ; portrait, 107 ; library, 199 Ward, printed glass by, 196, 314 Warden Walks at Presteign, 304 Waresly House, 199 Warmley Rly. Stat., 75 Warneford Place, 43 ; family 116 , Rev. Dr., benefactions, 9 Warrington, painted glass by, 19, 263, 267 Wareham, Archbishop, 190 Warren, Andela de, tomb, 187 Warwick, Earls of, 84 Washboume, Great, church, 164 Washington, Col., at Bristol, 88 Waste Hill tunnel, 219 Watercombe House, Roman remains, 38 Watermoor church, 27 Watling Street at Aymes- trey, 302 Watts , portraits by, of Ten- nyson, 287 Waverley, annals of, i6« Weatheroak, Hall, 219 Webb family, 20 Webheath memorial ch., 217 WeenLx, paintings by, 157, 197 Weir, the, on the Wye, 310 Weirend, 277 Welford church, 122 Welland parish, 230 Wellclose House, 134 Wellington, Luke of, Pillar to, 116 church, 293 Wells, the Seven, 140; St. Anthony's, 49; St. Ed- ward's, 127 Weobley, 311 Weoly Castle, 219 St. Weonard's, 275 Wesley, John, school founded by, 76 West family, memorials, 122 Westbury-on-Sevem, church, ^. on-Tnm, 92 Westcote church and cross, 129 WICKWAB. Westcote, Lord, 205 West Bank, 286 Westfaling family, 258 Westhill Roman cemetery, 65 TV esterleigh church, 74 Westmacott, Sir R., monu- ments by 8r, 107, 183 Westmoo", flag-station, 310 Weston-Birt. mansion, 107 Weston House, 117 on- A von, 122 sub- Edge, 120 Lodge, 2 56 Weston, quarries of sand- stone, XXXV Railway Stat., 76 under Penyard, 255 Ridge, views, 92 Westbridge Camp, 70, 72 West wood Park, 195 Wetherell, Archdeacon, 21 Wharton, the Lords, 127 House, 294 Wheatenhurst, 62 Wheatfields House, 224 Wheeler, Isabella, brass of, 220 "WTiisperiDg gallery at Glou- cester, 17 Whit borne Camp, 326 Whitboume Court and Hall, 237. 326, 327 Whitchurch village and Ro- man road, 278, 281 White House, the, 320 White, Pr» Close by the Railway Stations and the Baths. The principal Spring rises in the Hotel Itself, NTIELLEN'S HOTEL. NETJBAD HOTEL. Opposite the Fountain " Eliza." (Renovated in 1879.) Mr. G. F. DREMEL is the Proprietor of these four hotels of European reputation. The combination in one hand of Four Establishments of such magnitude, enables Mr. Dremel to afford suitable accommodation to all comers ; to visitors to whom money is no object, as well as to parties desirous of living at a moderate rate of expense. " Excellent Hotels," vide Murray. AIX-LA-CHAPELLE. H OYER'S IMPERIAL CROWN HOTEL, near the Kurhaas and Bath-houses, with large Garden. Very comfortable Apart- ments. Single Rooms. Excellent Cooking, and attentive attendance. Very Moderate Charges, and advantageous arrangements for Winter. OTTO HOYER. PRINCESS ALICE. PRINCESS ALICE'S LETTERS to H.M. the Queen. A Popular Edition, with an Original Memoir by H.R.H. Princess Christian. Containing Extracts, hitherto unpublished, from the Diary of H.M. the Queen. With Portrait, Cr. 8vo., Is. 6d. John Murray, Albemarle Street. AMIENS. GRAND HOTEL DU EHIN, PLACE ST. DENIS. FIEST-CLASS HOTEL, near to the Cathedral and Eailway Station. Much frequented by English and Americans. Spacious Apartments and airy Bed Rooms. Private and Public Saloons. Warm Baths. Large Garden. Omnibus to and from each Train. English Interpreter. The house is newly furnished. CH. FICHE ITX, Proprietor. ^ AMIENS. TTOTEL DE L'UNIYERS.— First-Class Hotel, facing St. Denis' Square, near the Railway Station. Three minutes' walk to the Cathedral Drawing and Bath Rooms. English Interpreter. Omnibus of the Hotel at every Train. ^ AMIENS. HOTEL DE PRANCE, D'ANGLETERRE, and DE L'EUROPE. BRULE, Proprietor.— First-Class Hotel, one of the oldest on the Continent. Situated in the centre and the finest part of the town. Having recently been newly furnished, it offers great comfort. Families and Single Gentlemen accommodated with convenient Suites of Apartments and Single Rooms. OMNIBUS AT STATION. ENGLISH SPOKEN. ^ ANTWERP. HOTEL DU GRAND LABODREUR. THIS Hotel occupies the first rank in Antwerp, and its position is most delightful. The testimonials given by Families is the best assurance of its Comfort and Moderate Charges. OMNIBUS AT THE STATION. New Proprietor, CHODOIE NOPPENEY. Crown 8vo., 2is. THE HANDBOOK OP PAmTIWG.— THE GERMAN, FLEMISH, AND DUTCH SCHOOLS. Based on the Handbook of Kugler. Originally edited by the late Dr. Waagen. Third Edition. Revised and in part re-written. By J. A. Crowe, Author of * The History of Italian Painting.' JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, ANTWERP. HOTEL ST. ANTOINE. PLACE VERTE, OPPOSITE THE CATHEDRAL. THIS excellent First-Class Hotel, which enjoys the well- merited favour of Families and Tourists, has been Newly Furnished and Decorated. Great Comfort, Superior Apartments, and Moderate Charges. Elegant Sitting, Reading and Smoking Rooms; fine Salle a Manger, excellent Table d'Hote and choice Wines. English^ American, and French Papers. BATHS IN THE HOTEL. AVRANCHES. Grand H6tel d'Angleterre DECOMMENDS itself by Excellent Ar- rangements, its Table, and its Comfort. Apartments for Families. English Papers. Moderate Prices. Omnibus at all the Trains. ^ HOULLEGATTE, Proprietor. AVRANCHES. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK FOR FRANCE, Part I. NORMANDY, BRITTANY, PYRENEES, &c. Maps and Plans. Post 8vo. Is. 6d. JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. BADEN-BADEN. HOTEL. Proprietor, Mr. FRANZ GROSHOLZ. THIS is one of the finest-built and best-furnislied First- Class Hotels, main front South-east — south, situated in the new Promenade nearest the Kursaal and the famous Frederic Baths; it commands the most charming views, and is reputed to be one of the best Hotels in Germany. Principally frequented by English and American Travellers. Highly recommended in every respect. Prices moderate. English and other journals. BADEN -BADEN. HOTEL DE LA COUR DE BADE. Badischer Hof. (Nb< to he confounded with the HStel de la Ville de Bade, opposite the Railway Station,) A FIRST-RATE and large Establishment near the Promenade and the Conversation House, with extensive Gardens, Warm, Mineral, and other Baths, enjoying a well-merited reputation for its great comfort and attention. It is patronised by the most distinguished Families. Manager, Mr. Fr. ZIEGLER. BADEN-BADEN. oRArsrr> hotel belle-vtje. THIS excellent First-class Hotel, delightfully situated in the centre of a fine Park near the English Church, close to the Lawn Tennis grounds, will be found a most agreeable residence. Exceptional position, with superb view. Really well-kept, and Moderate Charges. Arrangements made for a longer stay. Well recommended. Baths in the House. BIOTTE, Proprietor. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 7 BADEN-BADEN- HOLLAND HOTEL And DEPENDANCE AU BEAU SEJOUR. OPEN ALL THE YEAR ROUND. THIS favourite First-class Establishment, with a beautiful Garden, is J- situated close to the Conversation House, nearest to the Frederic Bath (new vapour baths) and adjoining the Duchess of Hamilton's Park. It is principally patronised by English and American Travellers for its Comfort, moderate and fixed charges, excellent cooking, and choice Wines. Smoking and Reading Rooms with Piano, and Library. Baths. Prize Medals for Wines, Vienna, 1873, Philadelphia, 1876, &c., &c. Pension in the early AND later part OF THE SfCASON. Rooms from 2s. and upwards. Conducted under the immediate Superintendence of the Proprietor, A. ROESSLER. BAGNERES DE BIGORRE. Grand H6tel Beau-Sejour. Fibst-Class. The most comfortable and the best situated. HOTEL BASLE. SCHRIEDER ZUM DEUTSCHEN HOP. OPPOSITE the Baden Railway Station. Comfortable accommodation. Moderate Charges. M. EBNE, Proprietor. BELFAST. Just Be-dec6rated and Enlarged. First-Class. Best Situation. Omnibuses meet all Trains and Steamers. W. J. JUBY, Proprietor. BERLIN. HOTEL r>'AN»LETERRE, 2, SCHINKEL-PLAGE, 2. SITUATED IN THE FINEST AND MOST ELEGANT PART OF THE TOWN. Near to the Central Station, Friedrich-strasse, and to the Royal Palaces, Museums, and Theatres. SINGLE Travellers and large Families can be accommodated with entire Suites of Apart- ments, consisting of splendid Saloons, airy Bedrooms, &c., all furnished and carpeted in the best English style. First-rate Table d'Hote, Baths, Equipages, Guides. Approved Hydraulic Lifts for Passengers and Luggage. Times and Galignani's Messenger taken in. Residence of Her British Majesty's Messengers. K. SIEBELIST, Proprietor. BERLIN. THE KAISERHOF. Wilhelmsplatz. Zietenplatz. 'pHE largest and most commodious First-Class Hotel in Berlin. Situated in an elegant, quiet, and magnificent part of the city. BERLIN. ST. PETERSBURG HOTEL UNTER DEN LINDEN, 31. CLOSE to the Central Station, Friedrich- strasse. Old reputed first-class Hotel. Excellent Table d*H6te four o'clock. Near to the Imperial Palace, University, Museum, Grand Opera, &c. Prop. Julius Hbudtlass. With Portrait and other Illustrations. 2 vols. Medium 8vo., 42s. ALBERT DURER : HIS LIPS' and Works. By Professor Dr. TnAusmo. Translated from the German. Edited by Frederick A. Eatov, Secretary of the Royal Academy. John Murray, Albemarle Street. 8 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, 0 BIDEFORD. NEW INN HOTEL, the oldest, largest, and principal Hotel in the Town. It stands within 3 miles of Westward Ho ! 8 miles of the Hobby Drive, and 11 miles of the romantic fishing village of Clovelly ; is pleasantly situate in the most central part of the town, and commands very extensive views of the river Torridge and surrounding country. HENRY ASCOTT, Proprietor. BONN. GRAND HOTEL ROYAL. N the Banks of the Khine. European repute. 200 Kooms and Salons. Situation without equal, facing the Rhine, Seven Mountains and Park. Near the Landing-place and Railway Station. Extensive English Gardens. Reading and Smoking Rooms. Ladies' Salons. Arrangements on the most moderate terms for the Winter Pension. Warm and Cold Baths in the Hotel. ~ BOlJLOGNE - SUR - MER. GRAND HOTEL CHRI8T0L & BRISTOL F'ix'st- class Hotel. Best Situation in the Town. Highly recommended for Families and Gentlemen. Carriage in Attendance on Arrival of all Trains and Boats. SAGNIER and F. CHRISTOL, Proprietors. BOULOGNE-SUR-MER. HOTEL DERVAUX— GRANDE RUE. THIS First-Class, well-known Family Hotel has been lately renovated, and is now under the management of M. DER- VAUX, p^re, the former proprietor and founder of the Hotel. Superior Cuisine. Well-selected Wines, and Moderate Prices. BREMEN. HOTEL DE L'EUROPE. First-Glass English Hotel. Entirely Renovated. Highly Becommended. LUSCHE-BAXJR, Proprietor. T7^.«.o^i,. S HOTEL BAUR AU LAC, ZURICH. j?ormeriyoi ^ HOTEL DE RUSSIE, BERLIN. BRUSSELS. h6tel mengelle Hydraulic Lift (RUE ROYALE). Hydraulic Lift. B. MENGELLE, Proprietor. THIS large and beautiful First-Class Hotel is situated in the finest and most healthy part of the Town, near to the Promenades the most frequented, and is supplied with every modem accommodation and comfort. Table d'H6te at 6 and 7.16, five francs. Restaurant la carte, and at fixed prices, at any hour. Excellent *' Cuisine " and Choice Wines. The Largest and Finest Dining-Room in the Town. HYDRAtJIilC lilFT. Baths, Smoking Room, Reading Room, Billiard Room. Arrangements made with Families during the Winter Season, 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. BRUSSELS. 9 aKAND HOTEL. Eooms from 3 francs. Arrangement for a long stay. Magnificent Dining Room, Smoking Room, and Cafe. Billiard Room. Lift. Baths. Railway and Telegraph Office in the Hotel. Omnibus at all the Trains. ^ BRUSSELS. HOTEL DE LA POSTE. 28, RUE FOSSE AUX LOUPS, NEAR THE PLACE DE LA MONNAIE. FAMILY HOTEL SPECIALLY RECOMMENDED TO ENGLISH TEA TELLERS. Omnibus to the Hotel at the Station. Eng-lish spoken. HYACINTHE TILMANS, Proprieto r. BRUSSELS. GRAND HOTEL OERNAY. Moderate Charges, Ancien Propri^taire de VHotel de Portugal a Spa, This Hotel is close to the Railway Station for Ostend, Germany, Holland, Antwerp, and Spa, forming the Corner of the Boulevards Botanique et du Nord. Baths in the Hotel. BRUSSELS. HbTEL DE SUEDE. FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, in a thoroughly central position near the New Boulevards. EXCELLENT TABLE D'HOTE. CHOICE WINES. VAN CUTSEM, Proprietor. CANNES. HOTEL DES PINS. piRST-CLASS Hotel. Highly recommended by Physicians for its ^ salubrity and its sanitary situation. Lift and Telephone. L. GRENET, Proprietor. 10 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, CAEN. HOTEL D'ANGLETERRE, Rue St. Jean, Nos. 77, 79, 81. Situated in the Centre of the Town. Kendezvous of the best Society. 100 Elegantly Furnished and Comfortable Bed Booms and Sitting Booms. BREAKFASTS A LA CARTE. BmMER AT TABLE B^HOTIE, 4 FRAHCSo SUITES OF APARTMENTS FOR FAMILIES. ENGLISH AND SPANISH SPOKEN. L. MANGEL, Proprietor. CANNES. HOTEL BEAU SITE. AND HOTEL DE L'ESTEREL. BOTH situated at the West End of Cannes, in the midst of a most splendid Garden, and adjoining Lord Brougham's property ; the healthiest part of the Town. 300 Rooms and Private Sitting Rooms. Enlarged Drawing Boom, separate Beading Boom (added this season^. Smoking and Billiard Boom, with English Tables, BATH ROOM. LIFT WITH SAFETY APPARATUS. THREE LAWN TENNIS COURTS, CONSIDERED THE FINEST AND LARGEST IN CANNES. The Sanitary arrangements of the Hotel have been perfected during the Summer under the suggestions and superintendence of Mr. E. F. Griffith, Civil Engineer, of London. ARRANGEMENTS MADE. GEORGES G0X7G0LTZ, Proprietor. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 11 CHRISTIAN I A (Norway). GRAND HOTEL. J. FRITZNER, Proprietor. rpHIS First-Class Hotel, delightfully situated in the best part of the Town, opposite the Public Parks, the House of Parlia- ment, and close to the Koyal Palace, commands a charming view of the Christiania Fjord, and the surrounding mountains. Table d'Hote. Warm and Cold Baths in the Hotel. English Newspapers taken in. Omnibus at the Railway and Steam-boat Stations. Moderate Charges. COBLENTZ. GIANT HOTEL— HOTEL DU GEANT. THE best situated First-Class Hotel, just opposite the landing-place of the Steam-boats and Fortress Ehrenbreitstein. Excellent Cuisine and Cellar. Moderate Charges. Keduction for a long residence. Proprietors. EISENMANN Bros. COLOGNE. HOTEL DISCH. First-Class Hotel newly refitted ; near the Cathedral and Central Station. Omnibuses meet every Train. Large stock of Choice Wines for wholesale. Hydraulic Lift. J. PH. CHRISTOFR, Proprietor. COLOGNE. HOTEL DU DOME. Th. Metz.— This old and excellent House, adran- tageously situated in the centre of the City, near the Cathedral and the Central Railway Station, has undergone important improvements that make it very comfortable. Table d'H6te 1 o'clock. Caf6 du Dome adjoining the Hotel. Recommended to Eng- lish Tourists. Terms Moderate. CONSTANCE. HOTEL A PENSION KONSTANZERHOF {ON THE LAKE.) insel hotel {ON THE LAKE.} A. GUTZSCHEBATJCH, Manager. COPENHAGEN. HOTEL KONGEN OF DENMARK. THIS First-Class Hotel, much frequented by the highest class of English and American Travellers, affords first-rate accom- modation for Families and Single Gentlemen. Splendid situation, close to the Royal Palace, overlooking the King's Square. Excellent Table d'Hote. Private Dinners, Best attendance. Reading Room. Hot Baths. Lift. English, French, German, and American Newspapers. All Languages spoken. Moderate Charges. The only Vienna Coffee Hmse. Mythological Gallery. R. KLUM^ Proprietor. 12 MURRAT'S HANOBOOK ADVERTISER. May, COLOGNE ON THE RHINE. JOHAM MARIA FARINA, GEGENUBER DEM JULICH'S PLATZ (Opposite the Jtilich's Place), PURVEYOR TO H.M. QUEEN VICTORIA; TO H. R. H. THE PRINCE OF WALES ; TO H. M. WILLIAM KING OF PRUSSIA ; THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA ; THE EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA ; THE KING OF DENMARK. ETC. ETC., OF THS ONLY GENUINE EAU DE COLOGNE, Which obtained the only Prize Medal awarded to Eau de Cologne at the Paris Exhibition of 186Y. 'PHE frequency of mistakes, which are sometimes accidental, but for the most part the result of deception practised by interested individuals, induces me to request the attention of English travellers to the following statement :— The favourable reputation which my Eau de Cologne has acquired, since its invention by my ancestor in the year 1709, has induced many people to imitate it ; and in order to be able to sell their spurious article more easily, and under pretext that it was genuine, they pro- cured themselves a firm of Farina^ by entering into partnership with persons of my name which Is a very common one in Italy. Persons who wish to purchase the genuine and original Eau de Cologne ought to be parti- cular to see that the labels and the bottles have not only my name, Johann Maria Farina, but also the additional words, gegenuber dem JUlich'g Piatt (that is, opposite the Julicb's Place), without addition of any number. Travellers visiting Cologne, and Intending to buy my genuine article, are cautioned against being led astray by cabmen, guides, commissioners, and other parties, who offer their services to them. I therefore beg to state that my manufacture and shop are in the same house, situated opposite the Julich's Place, and nowhere else. It happens too, frequently, that the said persons conduct the uninstructed strangers to shops of one of the fictitious firms, where, notwithstanding assertion to the contrary, they are remimerated with nearly the half part of the price paid by the purchaser, who, of course, must pay indirectly this remuneration by a high price and a bad article. Another kind of Imposition is practised in almost every hotel in Cologne, where waiters, commissioners, &c., offer to strangers Eau de Cologne, pretending that it is the genuine one, and that I delivered it to them for the purpose of selling it for my account. The only certain way to get In Cologne my genuine article is to buy it personally at my house, opposite the Jiilich's Place, forming the comer of the two streets, Unter Goldschmidt and Oben Marspforten, No. 23, and having in the front six balconies, of which the three bear my name and firm, Johann Maria Farina, Gegeniiber dem Jtilich's Platz. The excellence of my manufacture has been put beyond all doubt by the fact that the Jurors of the Great Exhibitions in London, 1851 and 1862, awarded to me the Prize Medal ; that I obtained honourable mention at the Great Exhibition in Paris, 1855 ; and roceived the only Prize Medal awarded to Eau de Cologne at the Paris Exhibition of 1867, and in Oporto 1865. Cologne, January, 1885. JOHANN MARIA FARINA, GEGENUBER DEM JULICH'S PLATZ. *^* Messrs. J. & R. M«Crackeit, 38, Queen Street, Cannon Street, E.G., are my Sole Agents for Great Britain and Ireland, 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 13 COWES, Isle of Wight. DROYER'S MARINE HOTEL. PARADE. FIRST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL. The Comfort of Visitors carefully studied. Board on Low Terms during the Winter Months. DIEPPE. H O T E R,OYA.L. Facing the Beach, close to the Bathing Establishment and the Parade, TT IS ONE OF THE MOST PLEASANTLY SITUATED HOTELS J- IN DIEPPE, commanding a beautiful and extensive View of the Sea. Families and Gentleman visiting Dieppe will find at this Establishment elegant Large and Small Apart- ments, and the best of accommodation, at very reasonable prices. Large Reading Room, with French and English Newspapers. The Refreshments, &c., are of the best quality. In fact, this Hotel fully bears out and deserves the favourable opinion expressed of it in Murray's and other Guide Books. LARSONNEUX, Proprietor. Table d'Hdte and Private Dinners. This Hotel is open all the Tear. DINARD, ILLE ET VILAINE (Brittany). GRAND H6TEL DU CASINO. THIS First-Class Hotel is the nearest to the Casino and Bathing Establishment. Splendid View of the Sea from the Apartments, and from the Terrace adjoining the Garden of the Hotel. Private Dining Saloons and Smoking Rooms. Table d'Hote at 11 o'clock a.m. and 6 o'clock p.m. Excellent Cooking. Choice Wines. English Newspapers. Stabling. L. BIARDOT, Proprietor. BOUDIN FILS, Successeur. DRESDEN. HOTEL BELLE VUE. Situated on the river Elbe, facing the new Opera, the Gal- leries, the Green Vaults, Cathedral, and Bruhl's Terrace. Well-known First-Class Establishment, with 150 Rooms. Families desirous of taking Apartments for the Winter can make arrangements at very moderate prices. LOUIS FEISTEL, Manager. 14 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, ' DRESDEN. VICT ORIA H OTEL. THIS First-rate Establishment, situated near the great public Promenade, and five minutes from the Central Station for Prague, Vienna, Berlin, Munich, Frankfort, Breslau, combines comfort with elegance, and has the advantage of possessing a spacious and beautiful Garden. TWO SUPERIOE TABLES D'HOTE DAILY. PRIVATE DINNERS AT ANY HOUR. During the Winter, Board and Lodging at very moderate rates, Mr. Weiss has an extensive Stock of the best Bhenishy Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Spanish Wines, and will be most happy to execute Orders at Wholesale Prices. An Hydraulic Lift being fitted up. DRESDEN. WEBEE'S HOTEL. ENGLISH and American visitors desiring a comfortable resi- dence are respectfully invited to give this Hotel a trial. It is situated in a delightful part of the city, overlooking the Promenades, Gardens, and Galleries. Handsome Dining Room. Reading Room well furnished with American, French, and English Newspapers. During the Winter, Pension at very advantageous terms. Elevator to all Floors, Telephone, BERNHARD WEBER, Proprietor. DRESDEN. GRAND UNION HOTEL. FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, patronized by English and American families, situated in the finest part of the town, close to the English and American churches. Very favourable terms on Pension. Hydraulic Elevator. Telephone. RICHARD SEYDE, Proprietor. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 15^ ^ DAVOS- PLATZ. HOTEL and PENSION BELVEDERE. LARGE First-Class H6tel (open the whole year), particularly recommended to English Travellers. Beautiful views, close to the Pine Forests. Lawn Tennis Ground and Skating Rink. Splendid suite of Public Rooms, full-sized English Billiard Table. English Library. Bank Agency in the Hotel. English Comforts and English Sanitary arrangements. English Church 100 yards distant. Pension for a Week's stay. For further information apply to J. C. COESTER, Proprietor. ENGELBERG, SWITZERLAND. KURHAUS HOTEL ET PENSION TITUS. THIS FIRST-CLASS HOTEL in the best situation of the Valley, in the middle of an extensive garden, has been recently much enlarged and improved. New lofty Dining Saloon for 200 persons. Drawing Room. Large Reading Room, with English and American Newspapers. Billiard and Smoking Room. Bath in the Hotel. English Chapel in the Garden of the Hotel, ED. CATTANI, Proprietor. ENGELBERG. THE VALLEY OF ENGELBERG (3200 ft. high) with its KURHAUS AND HOTEL SONNENBERG, THE property of Mr. H. HUG. Summer stay unrivalled by its grand Alpine scenery, as well as by the curative efficacy of the climate against lung and chest diseases, coughs, nervous ailments, &c., &c. Clear bracing air, equable temperature. Recom- mended by the highest medical authorities. The HOTEL SONNENBERG in the finest and healthiest situation facing the Titlls and the Glaciers is one of the most comfortable and best managed hotels in Switzerland. Lawn Tennis Ground. Excellent and central place for sketching, botanislng, and the most varied and interesting excursions. The ascent of the Tltlis is best made from here. Shady Woods. Vapour and Shower Baths. Watersprlng 5° R. ; 200 Rooms ; Pension from 7 Ir. a day upwards. Because of its so sheltered situation specially adapted for a stay in May and June. Resident English Physician. English Divine Service. FLORENCE. SOnrXSX. X>JES X.'XJZiarX^JE3RS. CORSO VITTORIO EMANUELE. Near the Cascine. Overlooking the Arno. Spacious Suite of Apartments. Nice Garden. Moderate Charges. ARRANGEMENTS FOR FAMILIES. FRANKFORT-ON-MAIN. P. A. TACCHI'S SUCCESSOES, BOHEMIAN FANCY GLASS AND CRYSTAL WAREHOUSE. Chandeliers for Gas and Candles in Glass and Brass. Correspondent in England, Mr. LOUIS HENLfi, 3, Budge Row, Cannon St., London, E.C. FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAINE. Late WEIDENBUSCH'S. Well-kuown house, close to the Opera and Theatre. Moderate Prices. F. W. KNOBLAUCH. 16 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. ^ GENEVA. GRAND HOTEL BEAU RIVAGE. THE LARGEST AND BEST IN GENEVA. MAYER & KUNZ, Proprietors. GENEVA. RICHMOND FAMILY HOTEL. C ITUATED in the healthiest part of the town, border of the Lake, and facing the Jardin des Alpes and Mont Blanc. Breakfast from 1 franc 25 centimes ; Lunch, 2 francs 50 centimes ; Dinner, 3 fi:ancs 50 centimes. Fifty Rooms, from 2 francs. Attendance 50 centimes. Omnibus at all Trains. Pension all the year round from 6 francs to 9 francs per day. A. R. ARMLEDER, Proprietor. GENOA. GKAND HOTEL DE GENES. Messrs. BONERA AND BROTHERS. PLACE CARLO FELICE, the most beautiful situation in the City. (FULL SOUTH.) This Hotel, formerly the Palazzo Marcheee Spinola, was newly opened and entirely re-furnished about two years ago. Its situation, opposite the celebrated Theatre Carlo Felice, on the Piazza de Ferrari, the healthiest part of the town, in the vicinity of the English Church, the Telegraph, the Post Office, the principal Public Buildings, and near all the curiosities in the town ; free from the noise of the Railway and the Harbour. Large and small Apartments. Table d'Hote. Restaurant. Reading and Smoking Saloon. Bath Rooms. Omnibus from the Hotel meets every Train. Moderate Charges. GENOA. HOTEL LONDRES ET PENSION ANGLAISE. The nearest to the Central Station. First Glass. Full South. Moderate Prices. FLECHIA & FIORONI. NERVI. WINTER RENDEZVOUS, SHELTERED FROM THE N., N.E., AND N.W. WINDS BY MOUNTAINS. HOTEL AND PENSION VICTORIA, GOOD, WITH LARGE GARDEN. GMUNDEN, AUSTRIA. HOTEL JBELLE VTJE. FACING the Steamboat landing-place. Comfortable First - Class Hotel. Highly recommended. Mr. BRACHER, the Proprietor, has been in England and America, and knows the wants of English and American Travellers. Charges mode- rate. Omnibus at the Station. Baths in the Hotel. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 17 ^ GOTHA. HOTEL DEUTSOHEE EOF. Proprietor, L. STAEBLER. First-rate Hotel, situated close to the Promenades and near the Railway Station ; combines comfort with elegance. Baths in the House. Carriages. GMUNDEN. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK. SOUTH GERMANY AND AUSTRIA, TYROL, HUNGARY, &c. Maps and Plans. Post 8vo. 105. John Murray, Albemarle Street. GRENOBLE. OIIA^IVD HOTEL I>E L'ETJROPE, A FIKST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL in every respect, thoroughly renovated and refurnished ; patronised by English families. Comfortable Rooms and good Table. Information for Alpmists and Tourists. Carriages for Excursions. Omnibus at every train. English Papers. English spoken. BESSOy, Proprietor. GRENOBLE. THIS splendidly-situated Pirst-Olass Hotel, which is the largest in the Town, and enjoys the well-merited favour of Families and Tourists, has been enlarged and Newly Furnished. The Apartments, largo and small, combine elegance and comfort, and every attention has been paid to make this one of the best Provincial Hotels. Public and Private Drawing-rooms ; English and French Papers. Table d*H6te at 11 and 6. Private Dinners at any hour. Excellent Cuisine. Moderate Charges. The Omnibuses of the Hotel meet all Trains. L. TRILLAT, Proprietor. First-Class Carriages can be had at the Hotel for Excursions to the Grande Chartreuse, Uriage, and all places of interest amongst Uie Alps of Dauphin^. URIAGE- LES- BAINS. HOTEL REST-A.XJRANT, MOIVIVET. Founded in 1846. English Visitors will find every comfort and luxury in this First-Class Establishment. Private Rooms for Families. Excellent Cuisine and Wines. Table d*H6te, 11 and 6. Carriages and Horses can be had in the Hotel for Excursions and Promenades. . HAMBURG. HOTEL ST. PETERSBURG. OLD-RENOWNED FIRST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL, situated on the Alster Bassin, the most fashionable quarter of the town. Superior comfort and accommodation. Table d'Hdte and Restaurant k la carte. Cliarges Moderate, New Safety Lift. Telephone. g. BETTTEB, Proprietor. . HAMBURG. HOTEL DE L'EUROPE. RENOWNED FIRST-CLASS HOUSE, patronised by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, and by most of the Imperial and Royal Families of Europe. Splendid situation, overlooking the Alster- Bassin. 180 Rooms and Apartments. Elegant Reading and Smoking Rooms. Baths. Lift. Table d'HAte. BRETTSCHNEIDER and BANDLI, Profn-ietors, 0 18 MURRArs HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, HANOVER. THIS well-known First-Class Hotel, for Private Families and Single Gentlemen, is beautifully situated right opposite the Railway Station. PENSION, FIVE MARKS, and upwards. FRIEDRICH VOLKERS, Proprietor. Also of the Grand Hdtel des Bains, at Pyrmont. HANOVER. 0 ^ 3S Xa I^OYA.Xax (FIRST-CLASS HOTEL.) SITUATED in the best part of the City, and opposite the General Railway Station. Large and small Apartments and Single Bed-Rooms for Gentlemen. Every comfort. Baths in the HoteL Moderate Charges. CHRIST BROS., Proprietor. HARROGATE. THE GKANBY. 55 I71IRST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL, facing the Stray. Every accom- ; modation for Visitors and Tourists. Carriages to Wells and Baths every morning free of charge. Good Stabling. Carriages on Hire. W. H. MILNER, Proprietor. HAVR E. GRAND HOTEL AND BAINS FRASCATI. Open all the year. Table d/Hote. Bestaurant facing the Sea. Arrangements for Families. Pension from 12 fr. all the year round. TH. POTSCH, Directeur. ^ HEIDELBERG. HOTEL EXJR^OPE. THE finest and best situated Hotel in Heidelberg ; kept in the very superior and elegant style of a First-class Family Hotel. The beautiful extensive Gardens are for the exclusive use of the Visitors. Hot and Cold Baths fitted up in a superior manner in the Hotel. Omnibus at the Station. Terms strictly moderate. Railway Tickets are issued in tHe Hotel. HAEFELI-CrUJER, Proprietor. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 19 HEIDELBERG.-"H6tel Prince Charles. A First-Class Hotel. In connection with the Hotel du Pavilion of Cannes. CONSIDERABLY enlarged by a New Building. Contains a splendid Dining Room, Breakfast Room, and a fine Reading Room. Ten Balconies. This Hotel, patronised by their Highnesses the Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, is the largest in the Town, and thoroughly Renovated and Newly Furnished. Best Cookery. Good Wines. Charges Reasonable. Moderate Arrangements made by the Week. The Hotel is situated in an open Square, eight minutes' walk from the celebrated Castle, with the finest view of the ruins from all the balconies and nearly all the windows ; two minutes' walk to the Neckar Bridge. Close to the Ntirnberg and Wurzburg Railway Station. Omnibus and Hotel Porter meet the Train. From this Hotel there are three different roads leading to the Oastle. Firstly, footpath over the Kurzen Buckel ; steps, five minutes; sunny. Secondly, by the Burgweg : eight minutes walk; shady; the finest. Thirdly, Neuer Schlossweg ; by carriage ; gentle ascent. The Proprietors export Wines to England. Railway Tickets can be obtained at the Bureau of the Hotel, and Luggage booked to all Stations. BOMMEB & BIiIjMER, Proprietors. HEIDELBERG. HOTEL DE DAEMSTADT. Three Minutes from the Station. This Hotel, beautifully situated on the Bismarck Square, Two Minutes from the new Neckar Bridge, is well known for its good keeping and very moderate prices. H. KRALL, Proprietor. HEIDELBERG. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK. NORTH GERMANY AND THE RHINE. Maps and Plans. Post 8vo. 10«. John Murray, Albemarle Street. ^ HOMBURG, HOTEL BELLE VUE.— First-Class Hotel, exceedingly well situated, opposite the Park of the Kursaal, and close to the Springs. Families, and Single Gentlemen, will find this Hotel one of the most comfortable, combining excellent accommo- dation with cleanliness and moderate Charges. Best French and English Cooking. Excellent Wines. Hare and Partridge Shooting free. H. ELLENBERGER, Proprietor. HOMBURG. EOYAL VICTORIA HOTEL.— Patronised by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales and several other Royal Personages. Highest Position. First-Class Hotel, close to the Springs and the Kursaal, with fine view of the Taunus Mountains. Quiet Apartments. Has been newly enlarged by Three separated Villas. At the early asd later part of the Season arrangements are made on very reasonable terms. Best Stag and Roebuck Shooting, as well as Trout Fishing, free lor the guests of the Hotel. Lawn Tennis. GTJSTAVE WEIG-AND, Proprietor. C 2 20 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, ^ HYERES (VAR). HOTEL BEA.XT SEJOXJR. SITUATED in the new and most select quarter of the Town. Open, high, sheltered, and full South. Excellent Bed-Rooms, cheerful Salons, and perfect sanitary arrangements. Moderate Charges. Omnibus at the Station. Two Villas to Let. Ch. GrAFFBON, Proprietor. HYERES (VAR). GRAND HOTEL D'ORIENT. THIS Hotel is situated in the most salubrious and sheltered part of Hyeres, and is the Resort of the elite of English and French Society. Drawing Room full South. Billiards. ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS. F. AMIC, Proprietor. ILFRACOMBE. FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL HOTEL. (Old Established.) XT AS recently been rebuilt with extra Bed Room accommodation. Com- -L J- modious Coffee Room and Ijadies' Drawing Room. Billiards. Omnibus meets every Train. TARIFF ON APPLICATION. SPECIAL TERMS FOR BOARDING. CHAS. E. CLEMOW, Proprietor. And at Anderton^s Hotel, Fleet Street^ London. INTERLAKEN. GRAND HOTEL VICTORIA. Magnipcent First-class Family Hotel; the best situated at Interlaken. 400 BEDS. E LEVATOR. 'Special arrangements made for a stay of some time. EI>. K^XJOHTI, Proprietor. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 21 ilfra.oom:be hotel. THE ILFEAOOMBE HOTEL, on the verge of the Atlantic. Five Acres of Ornamental Grounds ; six Lawn-Tennis Courts ; 250 Eooms. Table d'Hdte at Separate Tables daily from 6 to 8. There is attached to the Hotel one of the Largest Swimming Baths in England ; also Private Hot and Cold Sea and Fresh Water Baths, Douche, Shower, &c. Every information will be afforded by the Manager, Ilfracombe, North Devon. The attractions of Ilfracombe, and the places of interest in the neighbourhood, point to it as the natural centre to be chosen by the Tourist who desires to see with comfort aU the beauties of Coast and Inland Scenery which North Devon affords. There is also easy access into South Devon and Cornwall. The means of communication with Ilfracombe by Bailroad and Steamboat are most complete. Tourist Tickets to Ilfracombe for Two Months are issued at all principal Stations. INTERLAKEN. HOTEL - I>ElVSIO]>, JUNGPRAU. F. SEILER-STERCHI, Proprietor. T^HIS Establishment, with two Branch Houses, is situated in the centre of the Hoheweg, and enjoys a splendid view of the Jungfrau and the entire range of the Alps. It recommends itself for its delightful position, as well as for its comfortable accommodation. TABLE D'HOTE AT 2 AND 6.30 O'CLOCK. DINNERS A LA CARTE. CARRIAGES, GUIDES, AND HORSES FOR MOUNTAIN EXCURSIONS. OMNIBUS WAITING AT ALL THE STATIONS. ^ INNSBRUCK. HOTEL DE L'EUROPE. TLTR, J. REINHART.— A new First-Class Hotel. situated facing splendid valley of the Inn, opposite Station. Excellent Table d'Hote and private Dinners. Arrangements at very reasonable prices. Well - furnished Apartments. English Newspapers. Splendid situation ; commanding View of Mountains. English spoken. LORD LYTTON'S NEW POEM. GLENAVERIL ; or, the Me- tamorphoses : A Poem in 8ix Books. By the Earl of Lytton. Fcap. 8vo. 2«. each Book. JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. KARLSRUHE. HOTEL GERMANIA. SITUATED a few minutes from the Railway Station, on the Public Gardens. This First-Class Hotel is furnished with every modern comfort. 100 Rooms and Suites of Apartments. Bed and attendance from 2 Marks. The whole of the house heated so as to ensure comfort to Winter Visitors, for whom also Special Arrangements are made. Baths. Lift. Omnibuses at the Station. JOSZSF XifiERS, Proprietor. KISSINGEN. HOTEL D'ANGLETERRE. THIS First-Class Hotel is situated three minutes from the Springs and the Kurgarten. Excellent Table d'Hote. Pension from 7 Marks each Person. Omnibus at every Train. L. MISMER, Proprietor. 22 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, KILLARNEY. The only Hotel in Killarney situated on the Lake Shore. TELE HOTEL has lately come under new Proprietorship and Management ; it is newly- fitted up, and nothing has been left undone to meet the views of Tourists with regard to comfort and economy. NOTICE OF THE PRESS.— It (THE LAKE HOTEL) is situated on the Bar of Castlelough, on the eastern shore of the Lower Lake, directly on the water's edge, and -within ten minutes' drive of the Station. The Pleasure-Grounds cover an area of sixty acres, and are richly wooded and tastefully laid out with evergreens, &c. Adjoining the Hotel is the Abbey of Muckross— access at all times. The situation of the Hotel is un- surpassed ; occupying the centre of the circle, described by the mountain-ranges of Man- gerton. Tore, Eagle's Nest, Purple Mountains, Glena, Toomies, Dunloe Gap, and Carrantual ; it concentrates in one view all that is graceful, picturesque, and sublime in the scenery of Killarney. The Bed-Rooms and Sitting-Rooms face the Lake, and the arrangements of the Hotel are all that can be desired. — Harper's Rand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East. E. M. BERNARD, Proprietor. KISSINGEN (BATHS) GERMANY. GEAND HOTEL SANNEE. THIS well-known First-class House, with 100 Bedrooms, 30 Sitting Rooms, and 20 Balconies; all the rooms have an open view, surrounded by a beautiful large garden. Close to the Kurgarten, the Mineral Springs, and the Baths. Every Accommodation, Pension, Fine Carriages. MODERATE CHARGES. ROBERT SCHMIDT, Proprietor. KISSINGEN. HOTEL KATSERHOF, (Ci-devant HOTEL KAISER). FIRST-CLASS HOTEL of old reputation, newly Refitted. The nearest to the Springs and the Baths. Situated in, the middle of the Curgarten. Table d'Hote and Diners h. part. Pe^sioIl in the early and ;the later part of the Season. English w.c. and water appliances. WALTNER, Proprietor. KREUZNACH. HOTEL ORANIENHOP. LARGEST First-Class House. Finest situation in own grounds. Visited by the Crown Princess of Germany. The Oranienspring, strongest mineral spring at Kreuznach, belongs to Hotel. H. D. ALTEN, Proprietor. KREUZNACH (BAD). PRIVATE HOTEL BAUM. FIRST-CLASS Family Hotel, best situated. Great cleanliness. Com- fortable Baths. Beautiful Garden. Excellent Cooking, Choice Wines. Pension moderate charges. Recommended. JEAN BAPTISTE BAUM, Proprietor. LAUSANNE. GRAND HOTEL DE RICHEMONT. FINEST and best situated quiet First-Class Hotel of Lausanne, Amongst large gardens. In an exceedingly beautiful and healthy position. Highly recommended. Moderate Charges. Pension. HITTER- WOLBOLD. LOCH LOMOND. TARBET HOTEL Is the most commodious on the Lake. Parties Boarded on Moderate Terms. A. H. MACPHERSON, Proprietor. LE MANS. aHAND HOTEL. FORMERLY HOTEL DIOT et de la BOULE d'OR. Magnificent situation. 30, Rue Dumas. Comfortable Bedrooms and Sitting-rooms for Families and Tourists. Salons, Baths. Special Omnibus to the Station. English spoken. J. CHANIER, Proprietor. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 28 LIMOGES. GRAND HOTEL DE LA PAIX. FIRST-CLASS HOUSE. Specially re- commended to Families and Tourists. Omnibus to Station. J. MOT, Proprietor, BYRON'S LIFE AND WORKS. Poetical Works. Pearl Edition, Or. 8vo., 28. 6cZ. Pocket Edition, 8 vols. 16mo. In a Case, 21s. Life, Letters and Journals. Cabinet Edition. Plates. 6 vols. Fcap. 8vo., 18s. ; or one volume Roy. 8vo., Is. Qd. JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. LISBON, JSTUS^GSrJLlSZA. HOTEL. THIS First-Class well^^known Family Hotel, lately renovated by the Royal House of Braganza, and fitted up by the new Proprietor, Victor C. Sassetti, highly recommendable for its large, airy, and Comfortable Apartments, commanding the most extensive and picturesque views of the River Tagus, as well as of Lisbon. Superior Cuisine, and carefully-selected Wines. Under the same Management, within 2i hours' drive, VICTOR'S HOTEL, CINTRA. LONDON. FOREIGN BOOKS AT FOREIGN PRICES. Travellers may save expense and trouble by purchasing Foreign Books in England at the same Prices at which they are pubhshed in Germany or France. WILLIAMS & NORGATE 10. have published the following CATALOGUES of their Stock CLASSICAL CATALOGUE. THEOLOGICAL CATA- LOGUE. FRENCH CATALOGUE. GERMAN CATALOGUE. EUROPEAN LINGUISTIC CATALOGUE. ORIENTAL CATALOGUE. ITALIAN CATALOGUE. SPANISH CATALOGUE. ART-CATALOGUE. Art,Archi- tecture, Painting, Illustrated Books. NATURAL HISTORY CATALOGUE. Zoology, Bo- tany, Geology, Chemistry, Mathe- matics, &c. n. NATURAL SCIENCE CATALOGUE. Mathematics, Astronomy, Physics, Chemistry, Technology. 12. MEDICAL CATALOGUE. Medicine, Surgery, and the Depen- dent Sciences. 18. SCHOOL CATALOGUE. Ele- mentary Books, Maps, &c. 14. FOREIGN BOOK CIRCU» LARS. New Books, and New Purchases, 15. SCIENTIFIC-BOOK CIRCU- LARS. New Books and Recent Purchases. ANY CATALOGUE SENT POST-FREE FOR ONE STAMP. WILLIAMS & NORGATE, Importers of Foreign Books, 14, Henrietta Street, Co vent Garden, London, and 20, South Frederick Street, Edinburgh. GOLD MEDAL, PARIS, 1878. JOSEPH GILLOTTS STEEL PENS. SoZd by all dealers throughout the World, 24 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, GOLD MEDAL, PARIS, 1878. Gold Medal, Calcutta ExJiibition, 1884. Fry's Cocoa Extract. GUARANTEED PURE. " If properly prepared, there is no nicer or more whole- some preparation of Cocoa." — Dr, Hassaii « Strictly pure, and well manufactured."— w: w. stoOdart, f.i.c, F.CS.y Analyst for Bristol, " Pure Cocoa, from which a portion of its oily ingredients has been extracted." — Chas. a. Cameron^ M.D.^ F,R.C.S.I.^ Analyst for Dublin. 21 PEIZE MEDALS AWARDED TO J. S. FRY & SONS. LONDOir. NEW AND CHOICE BOOKS. More than One Hundred and Fifty Thousand Volumes of the Best Boohs of the Past and Present Seasons are in Circulation at MUDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY. The whole Collection comprises all the Best Modern Works of every shade of opinion on all subjects of general interest. Fresh Copies are added as the demand increases ; and an ample supply is provided of all the Leading Forthcoming Works as they appear. SUBSCRIPTION," ONE GUINEA PER ANNUM. LONDON BOOK SOCIETY SUBSCRIPTION, For the Free Delivery of Books in every part of London, TWO GUINEAS PER ANNUM. Thousands of Families in London and the Suburbs already subscribe to this Department of the Library, and obtain a constant succession of the Best Books of the Season. BOOK SOCIETIES SUPPLIED ON LIBERAL TERMS. Prospectuses postage free on application. MUDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY (Limited), 30 to 34, New Oxford Street, London. 281, REGENT STREET, and 2, KING STREET, CHEAPSIDE. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 25 LONDON. ROWLANDS KALYDOR cools and refreshes the face, hands and arms of ladies and all exposed to the hot sun and dust; it eradicates all freckles, tan, sunburn, stings of insects. &c., and produces a beautiful and delicate complexion. H/r A ^ A CI CI A 1? rtTT preserves, strengthens, and beauti- 1t1.AVXLOOAA V/XJJ fies the hair, and can be also had in a golden colour, for fair or golden -haired children and persons. Sizes 3/6; 7/-; 10/6. equal to four small. whitens and preserves the teeth, strengthens the gums, and gives a pleasing fragrance to the breath. ODONTO •«yT^Y TTOT A is a botanical wash for cleansing the hair and JJj \j XjaJ jL I^X JlX skin of the head from all impurities, scurf or dandriff. 2/6 per bottle. TJlTTTT/\'VrT A is a beautifully pure, delicate, and fragrant toilet JQj \) j^XjSl X Ai powder. Sold in three tints; white, rose and cre^m. 2/6 per box. Ask any dealer in perfumery for Kowlands' articles, of 20, Hatton Garden, London, and avoid spurious worthless imitations. LONDON. TRAVELLING MAPS OF Every Part of the World AT LOWES T PRICES FOR CASH. LETTS, SON & CO., LIMITED, 33, KING WILLIAM STKEET, LONDON, E.G. LONDON. UNRIVALLED TOURIST'S MAPS, The Maps in LETTS'S POPULAR COUNTY ATLAS are invaluable to Tourists, as they contain just the useful and interesting infor- mation a traveller wants to know. FOUR LARGE COUNTY MAPS FOR ONE SHILLING. Please write for Prospectus to LETTS, SON & CO., LIMITED, 33, KING WILLIAM STREET, LONDON BRIDGE, E.G. 26 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, LONDON. THE LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BANK, Limited, issues Circular Notes of £10, £25, and £50 each, for the use of Travellers payable in the principal Towns on the Continent of Europe, also in Asia, Africa, and North and South America. No expense whatever is incurred, and when cashed no charge is made for commission. Letters of Credit are also granted on the same places. They may be obtained at the City Office in Lothbury, or at any of the Branches, viz.: — Westminster Branch . 1, St. James's Square. Bloomsbury „ . 214, High Holborn. Southwark „ . 6, Borough, High St. Eastern „ . 130, High St., White- chapeL j Square. Marylebone „ . 4, Stratford Place, Victoria Street „ Victoria Street, May, 1885. Oxford Street. I S.W. D,-,_, Pure Solution. IMMFHljRrj R Eor Acidity of the Stomach. I I ^ I ^ L. I Will-/ Yor Heartburn and Headache. M- ^ ^ m ^ r\ t A Gout and Indigestion. A In N F R I A Safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions, r\\A I ^ I— ^ I r-l- Ladies, Children, and Infants. DINNEFORD & CO., 180, New Bond Street, London. Sold hy Chemists throughout the World. LUCERNE. Temple Bar Branch , 217, Strand. Lambeth „ . 91, Westminster Bridge Road. South Kensington Branch, 1, Brompton SCHWEIZERHOF ^nd LUZERNERHOF. First- Class Hotels. IN THE BEST SITUATION. 600 BEDS. SCHWEIZERHOF OPEN ALL THE YEAR. Good Warming System for the Winter Season. LIPT AT THE LUZEENEKHOP TO ALL FLOOES. Proprietors, HAUSBR BROTHERS. LUCERNE. SWAN HOTEL. THIS HOTEL, in the very best situation, enjoys a high character. Mr. HiEFELl, the Proprietor, has made in the later years a great many improve- ments, and does his utmost to offer to his Visitors a comfortable home. An elegant new Ladies' Drawing Room, besides a Reading Room and Smoking Room. Cold, Warm, and Shower Baths. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 27 LUCERNE. GRAND HOTEL NATIONAL. SEGESSER BROTHERS and C^., Proprietors. OPEN ALL THE YEAH. THIS large and splendid HOTEL is one of the most comfortable in Europe. Situated in front of the Lake, with the finest Views. Every attention paid to Tourists. A LIFT PGR THE USE OF VISITORS. LUCHON, BAGNERES DE. PYRENEES. GRAND HOTEL RICHELIEU. {Hotel de S. M. le rot de Hollande.) 200 Rooms, 10 Salons. Splendid view. VILLA GRACIEUSE, AND VILLA RICHELIEU TO LET. LOUIS ESTRADE, Prop rietor. LYNTON, NORTH DEVON. " ROYAL CASTLE FAMILY HOTEL. Patronised by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales and other Memhers of the Royal Family. The Finest Sea and Land Views in the World. THIS Hotel, standing in its own ornamental grounds of 120 acres, 500 feet above tlie level of the sea, overlooking the Bristol Channel, commands uninterrupted views of the Valleys of the East and West Lynn, Lynn Clilf, Brendon and Countisbury Hills, the Tom, the Village of Lynmouth, the Foreland, the Welsh Coast, and the far-famed Valley of Rocks. Having been under tlie management of the present proprietor nearly 60 years, the Hotel has been recently and extensively enlarged to meet the requirements of modern Society, and combines the comfort of a private house with the conveniences of a First-class Hotel. Elegant Suites of Private Apartments. New and commodious Table d'HAte, Coffee Room, and Ladies' Drawing Room, facing the sea. Excellent Cuisine. Moderate Charges. In connection with this Hotel, and in the same delightful grounds, is a PRIVATE HOTEL and BOARDING HOUSE, which offers excellent accommodation for Families visiting this charming neighbourhood. Post Horses and Carriages of every description. Coaches in the season to Barnstaple^ Ufracombe, and Minehead. First-class Exmoor Ponies for Sale. THOMAS BAKER, Proprietor. LYNTON (NORTH DEVON). THE VALLEY OF ROCKS HOTEL. THIS favourite and beautifully situate First-Class Hotel is built on one of the finest sites in the neighbourhood, and largely patronised by the best Families. It has been considerably enlarged, remodelled, and improved ; and combines, with Moderate Charges, all necessary means for the accommodation and comfort of Families and Tourists. The splendid Table d'H6te and Coffee Room, Reading Rooms, Ladies* Drawing Room, and several Private Sitting Rooms, replete with every comfort, range in a long front, overlooking the Sea, and looking into the extensive Private Grounds" of the Hotel. It is most conveniently situate as a centre for visiting all the places of interest in the district. Handsomely-fitted Billiard Room open during the Season for Residents in the Hotel only. Post'Eorses and Carriages ; also the very best kind of JSodern Stabling. JOHN CROOK, Proprietor. LYONS. GRAND HOTEL DE LYON. PLAGE DE LA BOURSE. FIRST-CLASS HOTEL. 28 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, MACON. GRAND HOTEL DE L'EUROPE. Five minutes' from the Station. FIRST-CLASS, and well situated, with view of Mont Blanc. Recom- mended to Families. Interpreters. Carriages. Omnibus. Mme. Vve. BATAILLAED. Proprietress. Macon, the most favoured Station for hours of arrival and departure, is the most central stopping-place from Paris for Switzerland, Italy, the Mediterranean, and terminus for direct trains for Tours and Bordeaux. MADRID. GRAND H6TEL DE LA PAIX. THE ONLY FRENCH HOTEL IN MADRID. FIRST-CLASS Hotel, Boarding-House, in the finest part of the Puerta del Sol, with magnificent views and full southern aspect. Table d'Hote. Private service. Large and small apartments. Bath. Reading-room, with Piano. Foreign News- papers. Great comfort and cleanliness. French Cuisine. Omnibus at Railway Stations. Interpreters. Grand Hotel de Londres. Family Hotel. Annex of the Edtel de la Paix^ under the same management. Moderate Prices. T. CAPDEVIELIiE & Co., Proprietors of toth Houses. MARIENBAD. HOTEL KLINGER. FIRST and Largest Hotel, with private houses, HALBMAYR'S HOUSE, MAXHOF No. 100, and the recently opened HOTEL KLINGER, late Stadt Dresden, " connected with the Old House," most beautiful situation of the Spa, situate at the corner of the Promenade on the Kreuzbrunnen and the Park, commanding a charming view. Newly and elegantly furnished. 350 Rooms and Saloons. Reading, Conversation, and Smoking Rooms. Lift. Table d'hote and a la carte. Meals sent out into private houses. Carriages at the Hotel. Omnibus at the Station. In answer to several inquiries, the Proprietor begs to intimate that he does not keep Touters, and therefore begs to warn Travellers against any false statements respecting his Hotel being full, etc. J. A. HALBMAYR, Proprietor. MENTONE. HOTEL DE BELLE VUE. THIS well-known ESTABLISHMENT is beautifully situated in the best quarter of the Town, with a vast Garden, and affords every English comfort. Lawn Tennis Court. Ascenseur. Lift. G. ISWARD, Proprietor. MERAN (SOUTH TYROL.) HOTEL HABSBURGER HOF. NEWLY-BUILT First-Class Hotel, close to Railway Station (no Omnibus required). Offers to Families and Single Tourists the best accommodation. Beautiful situation full South. Elegant and comfortable Saloons and Rooms. Table d'Hote, Restaurant. Pension at reduced prices. Careful attendance. Lii.dies' and Reading Rooms. Baths. Carriages. A. BRACHER, Proprietor. ___ YDEOPATHIC AND PENSION, UMFRIESSHIEE, N.B. For terms apply to Mr. FARQUH ARSON, Resident Manager and Secretary. M H 1886. MURRATS HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 29 MILAN. GEAND HOTEL DE MILAN. VIA ALES8ANDB0 MANZONL THE ONLY HOTEL AT MILAN WITH A POST, TELEGRAPH, AND RAILWAY OFFICE. Hydraulic Lift. J. SPATZ, Co-proprietor of the Grand Hotel at VENICE, of the Grand Hotel at LOCARNO, and of the Grand Hotel at LEGHORN. MUNICH. ^ BAVARIAN HOTEL. HOTEL DE BAVIERE. OSCAR SEIF, Proprietor. Excellent First-class Hotel. Finest and healthiest situation on the Promenade Platz, near the Royal Theatres and Galleries. Every modem Comfort. Baths and Carriages in the Hotel. Best Cooking and Wines. Moderate Charges. Personal management by the Proprietor. Hydraulic Lift. s> j 1 MUNICH. HOTEL DE BELLE VUE. THIS Excellent and well-known First-class Hotel is situated near the J- Railways, and within a short distance of the Royal Galleries and other prominent Buildings. Personal management by the Proprietor. Moderate Charges. C. DEGENKOLB, Proprietor. MUNICH. WIMMER & CO, oai.i.e:r¥ of fine arts, 3, BRIENNER STREET, Invite the Nobility and Gentry to visit their Gallery of Fine Abts, containing an Extensive Collection of MODERN PAINTINGS by the best Munich Artists. PAINTINGS ON PORCELAIN AND ON GLASS. ^ Correspondents in England, Messrs. J. & R. MoCkacken, 38, Queen Street, Cannon Street, E.C., London. Correspondents in the United States, Messrs. Baldwin Bros. & Co. 53, Broadway, New York. 30 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, NANTES. HOTEL DE FRANCE PLACE GRASLIN. VERY FINE. PIRST-CLASS Hotel. Entirely renovated. Large and Small Apart- ^ ments for Families. Sitting Rooms. Bedrooms from 2 fr. Table d'hote. Restaurant. Omnibus and Carriages. English spoken. DOUET, Proprietor. NAPLES. THIRST-CLASS and most Comfortable Hotel, situated in the finest and most select part of Naples, with magnificent views of the Town, Vesuvius, and the Bay. Hydraulic Lift. ALFRED HAXJSER, Proprietor. NAPLES MAGNIFICENT First-Class Establishment, con- structed upon the most improved prin- ciples of hygiene and comfort, and accord- ing to best medical advice. It stands on the highest and healthiest part of the City, where it commands an immense and incom- parable panorama, and is recommended by the first Medical Authorities. Although entirely isolated and surrounded by Gardens, it is nearest to the Museum and Principal Monuments of the City. GKAND AND LUXURIOUS FUENISHING. Large Sitting and Drawing Rooms. Terraces. Distinguished Cooking. POLITE AND READY ATTENDANCE. The Proprietor and Manager, A. LANDRY, From the Hotel UtUherg, near Zurich, NAPLES. HOTEL DE ROME. FIRST-RATE HOTEL. Incomparable situation facing the Sea and overlooking the Bay and Mount Vesuvius. Great Bath Establishment. A. BRUSCHETTI, Manager. HOTEL NICE. DES PRINCES. THIRST-CLASS Family Hotel, situated on the Quai du Midi. Sheltered situation, with a fine view of the Sea. Charges Moderate. Same House, HOTEL BELLE VUE, MENTONE. J. B. ISNARD. Suisse, WEUCHATEL. Suisse. GRAND HOTEL DE LAC W. HAFEN, Proprietor. FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, opposite the Steamers, with charming Views of the Lake and Alps. Specially frequented by English Families. A very Comfortable House, with most reasonable Prices. N.B.— The Proprietor speaks English. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 31 NEUHAUSEN-SCHAFFHAUSEN, Falls of the Rhine. HOTEL SCHWEIZERHOF. F. WEGENSTEm, Proprietor. PIEST-CLASS HOTEL, replete with every comfort, in the best position opposite the Falls of the Rhine, and Five minutes* walk from Neuhausen Station. NO GEATUITIES to the SEBVANTS. 200 BOOMS. Splendid View of the Rliinefails, tiie Castle of Laufen, and ttie Swiss Alpine Chain. FINE PARK AND GARDEN. BAILWAY TICKETS* ISSUED AT THE HOTEL. Special arrangements for a stay of some time. The English Church Service is at the Schweizerhof. Omnibuses at Neuhausen and Schaffhausen. By means of Electricity and Bengal Lights, and directed from the Schweizerhof, THE FALLS OF THE RHINE ARE ILLUMINATED Every Night during the Summer Season. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, OSTEND. HOTEL DE LA PLAGE. FIRST-CLASS HOTEL FACING THE BATHING PLACE. Open from the 1st June to 1st November. Highly recommended. J. and O. THOMA, Proprietors. OSTEND. OSTEND. MERTIAN'S MURRAY'S HANDBOOK FIRST-CLASS FOR FAMILY HOTEL AND BELGIUM and HOLLAND. PENSION. Maps, Plans. Post 8vo. 6s. Close to the Sea and Kursaal. JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. OXFORD. THE CLARENDON HOTEL. (Patronised by H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, H.R.H. Prince Leopold, Their Imperial Majesties the Emperor and Empress of Brazil, the Princess Frederick Charles of Prussia, and Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte.) Situate in the most central part of the City, and near to the principal Colleges, and places of interest to visitors. Families and Gentlemen will find this Hotel replete with every comfort. Spacious Coffee and Billiard Rooms. Private Sitting and Bed Rooms en suite. Ladles* Coffee Room. Guides always in attendance. Fashionable Open and Close Carriages. Job and Post Horses. Good Stabling and Commodious Coach Houses.— JOHN F. ATT WOOD, Proprietor. OXFORD. I^^TVOOLI^H HOTEL. THE ONLY MODERN HOTEL, FIRST-CLASS. Every Comfort. Drawing Koom. Close to the Colleges. Prices Moderate. Address THE MANAGER. PAU. P A U. AWINTEE EESOET, renowned for the numerous cures which a residence has effected, particularly in cases of Affections of the Chest, Heart, Larynx, and Throat. Pau possesses a mild and salubrious climate, lying in the midst of scenery of great grandeur ; on three days in each week Fox-hunting and Polo Matches take place, and during the winter and spring there are Horse Races twice every month. In addition to these attractions, there are Good Clubs, a Theatre, Opera, two Casinos, Balls, Pigeon Shooting Matches, Cricket Matches, Lawn Tennis Courts, English Boarding and Day School, &c., &c. FIRST-OLASS HOTEL AND GOOD BOARDING HOUSES. Villas, Houses, and Furnished Apartments to Let, AT VARIOUS PRICES. All particulars sent gratuitously, address Mr. FREDERIC DANIEL, Directeur G&ant de V Union Syndicaky 7, Ru>e des CordelierSy Pau. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 33 PARIS. HIGH -CLASS FAMILY HOTEL. LIFT. RUE DE RIVOLI. D 34 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, HOTEL 'mTrABEAU, S3 Une cle la JPslxx^ Patronised by the Boyal Families of several Courts of Europe, BEAUTIFULLY situated in the finest part of the City ; the prettiest Court- Yard in Paris. Kestaurant a la carte, and Private Dinners at fixed prices. Apartments of all sizes for Families and Gentle- men. American and English Papers. Lift, &c. PETIT (Uncle and Nephew), Proprietors. GRAND HOTErBEAU SEJOUR. FIRST CLASS. Eecommended for its Comfort. Incomparable position for beauty of the Panorama. Apartments for Families, with view embracirtg the Pyrenees^ BOURDETTE, Proprietor. PENZANCE. MOUNTS BAY HOTEL, On tlie £i§]>lanade. This old-established Hotel commands a better view of Mount's Bay than any other Hotel in Penzance, as all the windows in the front and at side have An Unintermpted and Unsurpassed View of all the Bay and St. Michael's Mount. THE HOTEL 18 HEATED WITH HOT WATER. HOT AND COLD BATHS. Choice Wines, &.C. Post Horses and Carriages. TABLE D'HOTE. PORTER MEETS EACH TRAIN. CHARGES MODERATE. Terms and View on application. Mrs. LA VIN,' Proprietress. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 35 HOTEL BEAUMONT. PENSION D'HIVER. 7, Hue Porte Neuve, Ancienne Maison Planti. FINE APARTMENTS, FULL SOUTH. Extensive GardeD. Croquet. WINTERS ABROAD. By R. H. Otter, M.A. Intended for the use of Invalids. Crown 8vo., 7s. 6d. John Murray, Albemarle Street. PENZANCE. QUEEN'S HOTEL. {On the Esplanade.) Patronised by Her Majesty the Queen of Holland. THIS magnificent Hotel has a frontage of over 170 feet, all the Rooms of which overlook the Sea. It commands a full and uninterrupted view of Mount's Bay and St. Michael's Mount. Apartments en suite. Penzance stands unrivalled for the variety and quiet beauty of its scenery, whilst the mildness of its climate is admirably adapted to invalids. Ladies* Coffee and Drawing Rooms. BUliard and Smoking Rooms. Hot and Cold Baths. Table d*H6te. An Omnibus meets every Train. Posting in all its Branches. Yachts, &c. A. H. HORA, Proprietor. PISA. ROYAL VICTORIA HOTEL. Clean. Great attention. Recommended. Messrs. Maquay Hooker's Banking OflBce is in the Hotel. RAPHAEL : His Life and Works. By J. A. Crowe and G. B. Cavalcaselle. 2 Vols. 8vo. 33s. John Murray, Albemarle Street. PLYMOUTH. Only Hotel with Sea View. < i ^ TV I > 3EIOTE1L.. (ON THE HOE.) Facing Sound, Breakwater, &c. Mail Steamers anchor in sight. Public Rooms, and Sitting Rooms, with Balconies. JAMES BOHN, Proprietor. PRAGUE. HOTEL VICTORIA. First-Class Family Hotel. English Landlady, O. & H. WELZER. D 2 86 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, PRAGUE. HOTEL GOLDEN ANGEL. Fir'st- Class Hotel. F, STICKEL, Proprietor. QUIMPER (Finistere). HOTEL DE L^EPEE. OENTKAL SITUATION on the QUAI DB L'ODET. Nice view on the Promenade and Harbour. Good Family House. Carriages for Excursions. Moderate Prices. Omnibus from the Hotel to all the Trains. LE THEXJFF, Proprietor. REIMS. GRAND HOTEL Best establishment in the Town. Opposite the Cathedral. Under English and American patronage. Little Arthur's History of France, From the Earliest Times to the Fall of the Second Empire. On the plan of " Little Arthur's England." With Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo., 2s. 6d. John Murray, Albemarle Street. RHEIMS. HOTEL DU LION DOR. THE most aristocratic of the town, and the only one actually in front of the Cathedral. English spoken, RIGI RAILWAY. The shortest, cheapest, and most beautiful way to RIGI KULM, for Tourists coining from all directions, is that vi^ LUCERNE -VITZNAU OR vid FLUELEN-VITZNAU. 10 Trains Daily in both Directions. Eeturn Tickets at Eedaced Eates. KALTBAD-SCHEIDEGG RAILWAY. An Excursion on this Railway, the highest and most interesting of the Normal System in Europe, will greatly satisfy every Tourist, 1885. MCJRRArS HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 37 HOTEL AND PENSIOn' RIGI-SCHEIDEGG. TEKMINUS Station of the Eigi Kaltbad-Scheide gg Railway. Excel- lently suited for Tourists and Pensioners. Pension by a stay of not less than four days, 7 francs to 12 francs, Koom included. Liberal treatment. View on the Alps as beautiful as at Rigi-Kulm. ^ STIEBLIN-HAUSEB. ROME. QMND HOTEL CONTINENTAL. Same Management as of the (ALSO IN BOME,-) and of the AT MEISTTOI^B. P. LUGANI, Proprietor. ROME. GRAND HOTEL DE RUSSIE, ET DES ILES BRITANNIQUES. This Firbt-Class Establishmeiit possesses the advantage of a beautiful Garden, and is situated near the English and American Churches; the principal Apartments face the South, the entire Hotel being warmed by two caloriferes, and the whole arrangements and moderate prices give universal satisfaction. Hydraulic Lilt. MAZZERI, Proprietor. ROME. HOTEL MINE BVA. THIS large Establishment, whose direction has lately been taken up again by the Proprietor, M. Joseph Sauve, has been considerably ameliorated both as regards the perfect service and the most elaborate comfort. Large Apartments as well as small, and Rooms for Parties with more modest tastes, both very carefully furnished, are to be found here. Its position is one of the most advantageous. It is situated in the very centre of the Town, and close to the most remarkable Monuments, the Post and Telegraph OflSces, the House of Parliament, and the Senate. The Ladies' Drawing Room, the Smoking Room, and Reading Rooms, where the principal Newspapers of every country are to be found, and the Bathing Rooms, are always carefully warmed. An HYDRA ULIC LIFT has been in use for the last three years. TWO OMNIBUSES BELONGING TO THE HOTEL MEET EVERY TRAIN. TEE WAITERS AND CHAMBERMAIDS SPEAK ALL THE PRINCIPAL LANGUAGES, VERY MODERATE TERMS. 38 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, ROTTERDAM. H. A. KRAMERS & SON, XMPORTBRS OF FOREIGN- BOOKS. Mr. Murray's 'Handbooks for Travellers,' Bradshaw's Monthly Railway Guides, Baedeker's * Reisehandbucher,* and Hendschel's ♦ Telegraph,' always in Stock. Books in all Languages imported every day, and a great variety of New Books kept in Store. 26, GELDERSCHE KADE, 26. GRAND HOTEL D'ANGLETERRE (On the Quay), Mr. AUGUSTE MONNIER, Proprietor, Successor of Mr. LfiON SOUCHARD. THIS HOTEL is distinguished for the salubrity of its situation, &c. ; and the new Pro- prietor has entirely refitted it, and added a very comfortable Smoking-Room. It is situated on the Quay facing the Bridges, and commands the finest view of the Seine, and the magnificent Scenery encircling Rouen, that it is possible to imagine. Travellers will find at this first-rate Establishment every comfort — airy Rooms, good Beds, Refreshments and Wines of the best quality at moderate Prices. An excellent Table d'Hote at Six o'clock. Restaurant a la carte. Mr. Monnier speaks English, and has English Servants. An excellent Descriptive Guide of Rouen can he had of Mr. Monnier. ROYAT-LE8-BAIN8. GRAND HOTEL. L. SEEVANT, Proprietor. FIRST-CLASS HOUSE. ENGLISH SPOKEN. Opened from the First of May till the end of October. SALZBURG. HOTEL DE L'EUROPE. OPPOSITE the Station. First-Class Hotel, surrounded by a large Park, and offering the best view on the Mountains. Pension : until the 15th of July and after the 15th of September, from 4 florins upwards ; from the 15th of July until the I5th of September, from 5 florins upwards. IVtoderate Cliarg-es. (Booms from 1 florin to 2 florins 50 Icreuzers.) G. JUNG, Proprietor. SAINT-SERVAN, near S.Malo. GRAND HOTEL DE L'UNION. OVERLOOKING the sea. Family home, entirely refurnished and transformed. Drawing-rooms with Piano. Table d'Hote. Omnibus at the Station. Moderate Prices. English spoken. CHEVALLIER, Propristor. 8AUMUR. HOTEL BUDAK. The only one on the banks of the Loire. SPLENDID VIEW. 1885. MURRArS HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 39 SAN REMO3 ITALY. WEST-END HOTEL. A LAEGE Building, expressly built for an Hotel, with all •^-^ the latest appliances to insure perfection in sanitary arrangements — its Closets being on the most approved English principle. Beautifully situated at the West End of the Town, a good distance from the Sea, commanding an extensive View of the Bay. LIFT. READING, BILLIARD, and SMOKING SALOONS. LADIES' DRAWmG ROOM. ENGLISH AND FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS. Excellent Ouisine a^irdl Clioiee Wines. GREAT CLEANLINESS. Omnibus of the Hotel meets all Trains. Special arrangements for a lengthened sqjourn. ONLY HOUSE WITH LIFT. All Languages spoken. Proprietor, ROBERT WULFING. SCHWALBACH. ^ Beiit Xron and §teel Satliii. HOTEL 13XJC I>E TV^SSAXJ. FIEST-CLASS ESTABLISHMENT. DRAWING, READING, AND DINING ROOMS. TABLE D'HOTE. WELL MANAGED. ADOLF JAHN, Proprietor. Late of the ROSE HOTEL, Wiesbaden. SENS (Yonne). GRAND HOTEL DE PARIS. FIRST-CLASS. Situated near the Cathe- dral and Promenades. Specially re- commended to Families. English spoken. Omnibus to Station. LEMOINE-AUDY, Proprietor. Bubbles from the Brunneii of Nassau. By Sir Francis Head. Illustrations. Post 8vo., 7s. 6d. John Murray, Albemarle Street. SEVILLE. GRAND HOTEL DE MADRID. VERY near its new annexe, entirely built expressly for Hotel. Plain full South. 200 Rooms and Saloons newly furnished. Beautifully situated. Superior comfort, with large Patios and Gardens. Fires, Smoking and Reading Rooms. French cooking. Interpreters, and Omnibus to and from all Stations. Charges moderate. SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE WINTER. Careful attendance under the personal direction of The Manager, JULIO MEAZZA. The HOTEL DE MADRID is also the Sleeping Cars Agency in Seville. 40 MURRArS HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, ST. PETERSBURG. JnlUXJtSJji UjS Jc JtXAlNl wiSj GRANDE MORSKAIA, No. 6, And riviere DE LA MOIKA, No. 53. E. KENAULT, Proprietor. THIS Magnificent Hotel is rebuilt on tlie same site as it previously occupied, and is situated near tlie Imperial Palace, the Minister's Offices, the Exchange de la Neva, the Park Alexander, the Admiralty, Police Office, and Newsky Perspektive. It contains 200 Eooms, also Eeception and Heading Eooms, Baths, &c. T^BLE 33^HOTE. OMNIBUS MEETS TBAINS AT ALL RAILWAY STATIONS. ALL LANGUAGES SFOKEN. FBENCH CUISINE, RENOWNED WINE CELLAR. Mr. RENAULT, the new Proprietor of this Hotel (which has been established over 20 years), will spare no pains to give every satisfaction to his numerous Visitors. SPA. HOTEL DES PAYS-BAS. Vve. I. DE COCK, Proprietress. FIRST-CLASS. Exceptional situation Sit the top of the Town. Large Garden opposite the Pouhon. close to the Casino and Batbs. Omnibus at the Station. Much recommended. A splendid Salon de Table d'Hote has been added to the Hotel. SPA. GRAND HOTEL DE L'EUROPE. ■pmST-CLASS HOTEL. Splendid Situation. Fine Apartments. Drawing and Reading Room. Every Comfort. Spacious and handsome alterations have been lately made. Omnibus of the Hotel at the J^rival of every Train, S PE z I A. GRAND HOTEL SPEZIA. MENETEEY-HAUSER, of Mr. Hauser's family of the Schweizerhof, Lucerne, Bains du Gurnigel and Giessbach, Switzerland. FIKST-CLASS HOUSE. In a Garden full South, with uninterrupted view of both sides of the Gulf and the Carrara Mountains. On the centre of the Bay, looking to the left on San Bartolomeo — to the right on Mount Parodi — on the centre, the full sweep of the Mediterranean. English visitors may rely on all the comfort and appliances of the best First-Class Hotels. This Establishment is frequented in Summer by the Italian aristocracy, and in Winter, as a Winter health sejour, by the best Euglish and American Families, and by the Members of the Yacht Clubs. Arrangements for Families. N.B.— Two minutes from the Station, just outside the Town, free from stoppage of Omnibus at Custom Octrois. 1885. MURRArS HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 41 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. GRAND HOTEL. THIS Handsome Building is situated in the finest part of the City, between Charles the Xllth's Square and the National Museum, on one of the Principal Quays, just at the confluence of the Lake Malar and the Baltic. The Koyal Palace, one of the stateliest in Europe, faces the Hotel on the opposite side of the Harbour. The Royal Opera and the Principal Theatres are in close proximity. The balconies and roof of the Hotel command the most extensive Views of the City. The House is replete with every modern improvement and convenience, and no expense has been spared to render it one of the first and most com- fortable Hotels on the Continent. The Building contains Four Hundred Sleeping Apartments, besides Dining Rooms, Sitting Rooms, Coffee and Reading Rooms, a Billiard Room, a Telegraph and Post Office, Baths, Retiring Rooms, a I^aundry, and otlier accommodations. The several flats can be reached by Steam Lifts. All European Languages spoken. Guides and Conveyances supplied to all places of interest in the City and Neighbourhood. Terms will be found to compare favourably with those of other first-class Hotels. Tlie Hotel I2.ydLl>erg'. GusTAP Adolf's Torg. THIS Old-established House has long been favourably known to Travel- lers. It contains One Hundred and Fifty Sleeping Apartments. The Proprietor of these Two First-Class Hotels is in a position to offer every advantage to strangers visiting the Swedish Capital. R. CADIER, Proprietor of the Grand Hotel and the Hotel Rydherg. 42 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, STRASBOURG. HOTEL D'ANGLETEREE. BEST-SITUATED FIRST-CLASS HOTEL. Near the Station and Cathedral. Close to the Post [and Telegraph Offices, Baths. Interpreter. Omnibus at the Station. CH. MATHIS. STUTTGART. HOTEL IS situated in the finest part of the Town, in the beautiful Place Royal, adjoining the Railway Station, near the Post Office, the Theatre, the Royal Gardens, opposite the Palace, and facing the Konigsbau. This Hotel will be found most comfortable in every respect ; the Apartmpnts are elegantly furnished, and suitable for Families or Single Gentlemen. Table d'Hote at 1 and 5 o'clock. French and English Newspapers. GME. MARQUARDT, Proprietor. T H U N (Switzerland). THE GRAND HOTEL. AFIKST-CLASS HOUSE, one of the largest and most comfortable in Switzerland. The only one with a Lift in the place, and especially adapted for a long sejour. The Terrace of the Hotel, which has no rival in Switzerland, is worth a visit. There is also an English Library. Pension, during the whole Season, by staying Five Days, from 8 francs, everything included. CH. STAEHLE, Also Proprietor of the Hotel du Paradis at Cannes. TOURS. GRAND HOTEL DE UUNIVERS. ON THE BOULEVARD, NEAR THE STATION. Highly recommended in all the French and Foreign Guide Books. EUGENE GUILLAUME, Proprietor. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 43 GKAND HOTEL^DU MIDI. Patronised by the Duke of Norfolk and Due d'Aumale. BEAUTIFULLY SITUATED ON THE PLACE DU CAP IT OLE. FIRST-GLASS KSTABLISHMENT, Offering the same comforts as the largest Hotels in France. Frequented by the highest Class of English and American Travellers, English spoken. Kestaurant and Table d'Hote. Kich Heading Room and Conversation Salon. " The Times " Newspaper. EUa. POUKQUIEK, Proprietor. TRI BERG. In the middle of the celebrated Railroad of the Black Forest. BIERINGER'S BLACK FOREST HOTEL. FIRST CLASS. Opened from the 1st of May, 1877, SITUATED on a charming Hill, at the most magnificent point of the Town, overlooking from all parts the highly celebrated Cascade. It is the finest and most elegant Hotel at Triberg, fitted up with all the comforts of the present time. Surrounded with a large terrace, a very handsome park and pleasant promenades ; and containing 80 very comfortable Bedrooms and Saloons, 26 Balconies, splendid Breakfast and Dining Rooms, Smoking, Reading, and Conversation Rooms ; it offers a very agreeable Residence, at ten minutes' distance from the Railway Station. Two elegant Stage Coaches and a Landau meet all Trains. Every Sunday, English Divine Service. Reduced prices during the Spring and Autumn. GRAND HOTEr'DE L'EDROPE. PLACE CHATEAU, Opposite tlie Kiog-'s I^alace, THIRST-CLASS HOUSE, of old reputation, with all modern Comforts, including Lift, Baths, Interpreters, English Newspapers, &c. Omnibus at Station. EORGO and GAaLIARDI, Proprietors. VARESE. (Lombardy.) GRAND HOTEL VARESE. In direct communication by Rail with MILAN, LAKE M AGO IDEE, COMO, and LUGANO. FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, surrounded with an extensive GARDEN and PARK, situated in the best and healthiest part of Lombardy, 1319 feet above the Sea, commanding a most extensive view of the Alps, Monte Rosa Chains, and containing ^OO Rooms and Saloons. PENSION. Baths on each floor. English Church. English Physician attached to the Hotel. E. MARINI, Manager. 44 MURRAY^S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, UTLIBERG HOTEL PENSION, near Zuricli. Mountain Eailway Station. 2,900 Feet above the — " — Level of the Sea. HALF-AN-HOUE'S delightful Trip by Kail, or One Hour's pleasant Walk from Zurich. Beautiful place of resort for tourists, excursionists, invalids, persons requiring rest and bracing up, and for Families intending to stop at Zurich and avoid the noise and heat of the Town. Purest and most invigorating mountain air. Magnificent Hotel ; 150 Rooms newly fitted up, opening on Balconies, and commanding a glorious view. Dairy : plentiful supply of new milk and whey. Park of more than 100 acres. Lawn Tennis. English Church Service. Post Office. Telegraph. Telephone. Very Moderate Prices and Pension. A. LANDRY, Proprietor. Also Proprietor of Hotel Bristol, Naples. Higher up, five minutes' walk from the Hotel, GRAND RESTAUIIANT TJTO KTJLM, on the crest of the hill ; for centuries the mo&t popular resort of parties and excursionists from far and near. GRAND PANORAMIC VIEW EQUAL TO THE RIGI. Excellent Cuisine. Choice Wines. First-rate Attendance. VENICE. GRAND HOTEL D'lTALIE, BAUER GRtiNWALD. I7IRST-CLASS HOTEL, near St. Mark's Square, on the . Grand Canal, facing the Churcli of St. Maria della Salute. Fresh and Salt Water Baths ready at all hours. Celebrated for its " Grand Restaurant " and Vienna Beer. JULES GRijNWALD, Proprietor. VENICE. GRAND HOTEL DE L'EUROPE. QLD-ESTABLISHED FIEST-CLASS HOTEL, situated in the best position on the Grand Canal, has just been repaired and greatly improved. Visitors will find this Hotel very comfortable, finely situated, and reasonable in its Charges. MARSEILLE BRO^ , Proprietors. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 45 ^ VALENCIA (SPAIN). HOTEL DE VXLLE JOE MADRID. ^cpi by Mr. CARLOS CANTO VA d'HTOS. THIS First-rate Establishment, situated on the Villarroza Square, No. 6, has been entirely re-furnished with every modem comfort and luxury, and now offers the most desirable residence to English Tiavellers visiting this Fiae Olimate. Suites of Apartments for Families from the lowest prices to 60 fr. a day. Excellent Cuisine and g >od Attendance. Foreign Newspapers. English, French, and Italian spoken. Kaths, &c. The Hotel U close by the Post Office, ihe Theatres, and the best Promenades. Board and Lodging, with Light and Sery^ice included, 30 Beaux per day for Single Travellers ; but with Sitting Rooms for Families, from 60, 80 to 100 Reals per day. VERONA. GEAND HOTEL DE LONDRES {FORMERLY HOTEL TOUR DE LONDRES) A ND DEPENDANCE HOTEL ROYAL DEUX TOURS. The only first-class Hotel in ■Lx. Verona, in the centre of the Town. Great comfort and moderate charges. English Church Service iu^the Hotel. All Languages spoken. Omnibus at the Stations. Highly recommended. A. CERESA, proprietor. G. CAVESTRI, Manager. VICHY. GBAND HOTEL DES AMBASSADEURS, Situated in the Park.— This magnificent Hotel is now the first in the town. It is managed in the same style as the largest and best hotels on the Continent. By its exceptional situation, the house presents three fronts, from which the most beautiful views are to be had ; and from its balconies is heard twice a day the excellent Band of the Casino. The management of its large and small apartments is very comfortable. Every room has a Dressing Room. Special wire going from all apartments to the private servants' rooms. Beautiful Reading, Drawing, and Smoking Rooms. Billiard Tables. English spoken. Omnibus of the Hotel at all Trains. The Hotel is open from the 15th of April. Post and Teleeraph Offices adjoining the Hotel. BOUBEATJ-PLACE, Proprietor. VICHY. GEAND HOTEL DU PARC. THE LARGEST AND MOST COMFORTABLE IN VICHY. AFIBST-CLASS HOTEL, situated in the Park, facing the Baths, Springs, and Casino. PRIVATE HMIUOH FOR FAMILIES. GERMOT, Proprietor. 46 MX) RE AY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, VIENNA. KARNTHNERRING No. 9, SITUATED on the most elegant and frequented Square of the City. Three hundred Eooms, from 1 florin upwards. Apartments, from 6 florins upwards. Beautiful Dining Saloon, Kestaurant Saloons, Conversation, Smoking, and Eeading Eooms. BATHS & TELEGRAPH OFFICE IN THE HOUSE, Lifts for Communication with each Storey. DINNERS & SUP PEES A LA CARTE. TABLE D'HOTE. OMNIBUSES AT THE KAILWAY STATIONS. VIENNA. J. & L. LOBMEYR, Appointed Purveyors to the Imperial Court of Austria, No. 13. KARNTHNERSTRASSB. The most extensive Establishment for BOHEMIAN CRYSTAL, FANCY GLASS, and Chandeliers. Every variety of Glass for Household use, Ornament, and in Art Workmanship. Specialities in Engraved Glass and Looking-G lasses. Chandeliers, Candelabras, in Crystal and Bronze. LARGE SHOW-ROOMS UPSTAIRS. The prices are fixed, and are very moderate. — English is spoken. Their Correspondents in England, Messrs. J. & R. M'^Cracken, No. 38, Queen Street, Cannon Street, E.C., London, will transmit all orders with the greatest care and attention. 1885. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 47 V E V E Y. HOTEL MONNET & TR0I8 C0UR0NNE8. F. SCHOTT. VICHY. GRAKD HOTEL DE LA PAIX. SITUATED IN THE PARK, BETWEEN THE BATHS AND THE CASINO, First-Class Hotel and House. VILLA EUGENIE. Apartments for Families. All Languages spoken. Omnibus at all Trains. LAURENT, Proprietor. VIENNA. HOTEL 08TERREICHISCH: HOF. FIRST-CLASS and beautifully situated Hotel, in the Centre of the Town. 140 Bedrooms and Salons (from 1 fl. up- wards), Bath, Telephone, Telegraph Station, Restaurant. English spoken, HANISCH. VIENNA. BOARDING HOUSE. 4 & 5, MAXIMILIAN PLATZ. Ground Floor. TERMS MODERATE. WIESBADEN* HOTEL ET BAINS DE NASSAU. (nassauer hof) Messrs. GOETZ BROTHERS, Proprietors. FIRST-CLASS HOTEL of old and good reputation, opposite the Curhaus, Colonnades, Parks, and next the Theatre. Splendid Dining and Reading Rooms. Table d'H6te at One and Five o'clock. Mineral Baths of Own Hot Spring. HOTEL VILLA NASSAU. Annexe of the Hotel de Nassau. Proprietors also Messrs. Goetz Brothers. CINEST FAMILY HOTEL in Town, with all Modern Comfort, in beautiful situation next the Hot Springs, Theatre, Curhaus, Colonnades, etc. WIESBADEN. TAU]!¥US hots:!.. THIS well-known and highly recommended First- Class Hotel, the nearest to the Three Railway Stations, the Post, and the Telegraph, has been entirely- refitted and refurnished. Very Comfortable Apartments and Single Rooms. Garden. Table d'Hote. Dinners, Suppers, &c,, at any time. Excellent Cuisine, Choice Wines, Foreign Papers. Moderate Charges. The Omnibus to Schwalbach starts from the Hotel. Pension the whole year. J. SCHMITZ-VOLKMTJTH, Proprietor. WIESBADEN. ROSE HOTEL AND BATR HOUSE. SPLENDID First- Class Establishment close to the Cursaal, opposite the Trinkhalle, and adjoining the Promenade. No other Hotel except this is surrounded by a Garden of its own, or supplied with Baths direct from the hot springs (Kochbrunnen). Quiet and airy situation, with English comfort and reasonable Charges. Drawing, Reading, and Smoking Rooms, and Billiard Room, containing a full-sized Billiard Table. Table d'Hdte at One and Five o'clock. Lawn Tennis Grounds. v HAEFFNER FREBES, Proprietors. 48 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, WILDBAD. HOTEL KLUMPP, Formerly HOTEL DE L'OUKS. Me. W. KLUMPP, Peopkietor. THIS First-Class Hotel, containing 45 Saloons and 235 Bed Rooms, with a separate Breakfast and new Reading and Conversation Rooms, as well as a Smoking Saloon, and a very extensive and elegant Dining Room ; an artificial Garden over the river ; is beautifully situated in connection with the old and new Bath Buildings and Conversation House, and in the immediate vicinity of the Promenade and the New Colonnade. It is celebrated for its elegant and comfortable apartments, good Cuisine and Cellar, and deserves its wide-spread reputation as an excellent Hotel. Table d'Hote at One and Five o'clock. Breakfasts and Suppers a la carte. Exchange Office. Correspondent of the principal Banking-houses of London for the payment of Circular Notes and Letters of Credit. Omnibuses of the Hotel to ;uid from each Train. Elevators to every floor. Fine Private Carriages when requested. Warm and Cold Baths in the Hotel. EXCELLENT ACCOMMODATION. WURZBURG. KRONPRINZ HOTEL. HONOURED by the presence of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Germany, on the occasion of his recent visit to this Town. This First-Class Hotel is particularly recommended for its Large and Airy Apartments, having the finest situation near the Station, facing the Palace, and adjoining a fine Garden. Reading Rooms. Cold and Warm Baths, &c. Moderate Charges. J. AMMON. ZARAGOZA, SPAIN. GRAND HOTEL DE L'EUROPE. Excellent Cooking and Moderate Charges. ZARAGOZA. Murray's Handbook for Spain. MAPS ANJ> PLANS. Post 8vo. 20s. VIUDA DE ZOPPETTI Y HIJOS, Proprietors. John Murray, Albemarle Street. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK DICTIONARY. ENGLISH, FEENOH, GEEMAN AND ITALIAN. For the use of Travellers and Students, By George P. Chambers. 16mo., 68. bound. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK OF TRAVEL TALK, ENGLISH, FBENCH, GERMAN AND ITALIAN 16mo., 3s. 6d. John Murray, Albemarle Street. nfURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 49 HOW TO LEARN fVIODERN LANGUAGES. The success attending Dr. Wm. Smith's " Principia Latina " and " Initia Gr^XA," which practical teachers have found the easiest hooks for learning Latin and Greeks has led to the application of the same method to the French, German, and Italian Languages. There is an obvious advantage in a beginner learning a new language on the plan with which he is already familiar. These books combine the advantage of the older and more modern methods of instruction. FRENCH COURSE. Edited by Dr. Wm. Smth. FRENCH PRINCIPIA, Part I. A First French Course, containing Grammar, Delectus, Exercises, Vocabularies, &c. 12mo. 3s. Q,d. APPENDIX TO FRENCH PRINCIPIA, Part I. Containing Additional Exercises, with Examination Papers. 12mo. 2s. Qd. FRENCH PRINCIPIA, Part II. A Eeading Book, containing Fables, Stories, and Anecdotes, Natural History, and Scenes from the History of France. With Grammatical Questions, Notes, and Copious Etymological Dictionary. 12mo. 4s. 6d5. FRENCH PRINCIPIA, Part III. French Prose Com- position. Containing a systematic Course of Exercises on the Syntax, with the principal Rules of Syntax. 12mo. THE STUDENT'S FRENCH GRAMMAR: a Prac- tical and Historical Grammar of the French Language. By C. Heron-Wall. With Introduction by M. Littr^. Post 8vo. 6s. A SMALLER GRAMMAR OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE. Abridged from the above. 12mo. Zs.Qd. GERMAN COURSE. Edited by Dr. Wm. Smith. GERMAN PRINCIPIA, Part I. A First German Course, containing a Grammar, Delectus, Exercises, Vocabularies, &c. 12mo. 3s. Qd. GERMAN PRINCIPIA, Part II. A Eeading Book, containing Fables, Stories, and Anecdotes, Natural History, and Scenes from the History of Germany. With Grammatical Questions, Notes, and Dictionary, 12mo. Zs. 6d. PRACTICAL GERMAN GRAMMAR. WithaSketcb of the Historical Development of the Language and its rrincipal Dialects. J^ost «vo. 3."?. 6cZ. ITALIAN COURSE. Edited by Dr. Wm. Smith. ITALIAN PRINCIPIA, Part I. A First Italian Coiaise, cGntaining a Grammar, Delectus, Exercise Eook, with Vocabularies, and Materials - for Italian Conversation. By Signor Ricci. 12mo. 3s. 6d5. ITALIAN PRINCIPIA, Part II. A First ItaUan Reading Book, containing Fables, Anecdotes, History, and Passages from the best Italian Authors, with Grammatical Questions, Notes, and a copious Etymological Dictionary. 12mo. 3s. Qd. JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. E 50 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, 1885. THE ORIGINAL GUIDE & TRAVELLERS' DEPOT, AND LEE & CARTER, 440, WEST STRAND, LONDON (Nearly opposite the Charing Cross Hotel). KNAPSACKS PORTMAHTEAUX BAGS STIFF on Lnil\ OP ALL t'ATTKMN.S. OF ALL KINDS. Iniending Tonrhts are respectfully invited to visit this EstahUshment before mahing purchases for their journey. AN EXTENSIVE STOCK OF TRAVELLERS' REQUISITES TO SELECT FROM. LISTS GKA^TIS. COURIERS, DRAGOMEN, AND TRAVELLING SERVANTS of good character and experience^ speaking European and Eastern Languages^ can be engaged at the above Establishment. Also Passports and Visas obtained. Passports mounted on Linen and put in Cases^ with Name printed outside. 440, WEST STU.^T^I>. « M U R RAY'S ENGUS H H AHDfOOKS. HANDBOOK-LONDON HANDBOOK — Metropolis. HANDBOOK— One Volume. HANDBOOK — EASTEUN COUNTIES CHESTER, MaLDON, CAMBRIDOE, ELY, Ne WOODBRIDOE, FeI.IXSTOWK, LOWESTOFT, Map and Plans. Post Svo. 12^. lOK — KENT — Caxteubuuv, Do LTHAM. Map and Plans. Post Svo. 7«. 6d. HANDBOOK— SUSSEX— Brighton, Chicheste Lewes, Arundku Map and Plan. Post :— SURREY AND IIANX ID, DORKINQ, BOXHILL, Wi AND The Isle of Wigii . > ^P 0 m *08t Svo AS IT IS. Maps and Plans. 16mo. 3«. 6d, F LONDON— Including 20 miles round tlie Post Svo. 2ls. D WALES. Arranged alphabetically Harwic: JT. Edmunds 7TH. Crq] LOCH Hastings, RKS, HVQM. Henlet, HANDBOOK— WILT! HAM, WeyMODTI and Plans. Posti ||MH|fe)BOOK — ^^^^^BPost ^^HtoBOOK -CORN^ ^^^^^ Lizard, Land's End, Jl^^^^Piud Plans. Post Svc BOOK— GLOUCESTER, HEREFORD, AN] CESTER, Cheltenham, Strodd, Tewkesburv, Leo! ElDDBRMINSTEfl, DUDLEY, BrOMSOROVE, EvESHAM. Map I HANDBOOK — NORTH WALES — Llangollex,j Beaumaris, Snowdos, Llanberis, Dolgelly, CaI Conway, S8, AND HurUBA- lUNDBOOK- IIANDBOOK- HANDBOJ HAN] hak; HAN] HANJ H. ENG] C Map. Post 8vo. . Post 8vo. IKCHESTER, SALISBURY, rcR, AND St. Albans. Wlt| Ifly. 63, Peterborouoh, Ely, rown 8va 2U. \oisy Gloucester, Here- itiona. Crown 8vo. 16*. BiPON, Durham, Car- lona. Crown 8vo, 2 vol*. 21*. % St. David's, Bangor, >uts. Crown 8vo. 10«. Qd. STREET,