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DIRECTIONS to the BOOK-BINDER. 
 
 The Plates are to be inferted as follows : 
 
 General Plan of a County Gaol, between Pages 48 and 49. 
 Plan of La Maifon de Force, Ghent, - 140 and 141. 
 
 Plan of Newgate, - - 152 and 153. 
 
 Tab. III. being continued over from P. 480 to 481, Care is 
 to be taken that the Lines coincide. 
 
/ 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 TO THE 
 
 STATE OF THE PRISONS, Sec, 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 TO THE 
 
 STATE OF THE PRISONS 
 
 I N 
 
 ENGLAND and WALES, 
 
 &c. 
 By JOHN HOWARD, F. R. S. 
 
 CONTAINING A FARTHER ACCOUNT OF 
 
 FOREIGN PRISONS and HOSPITALS, 
 
 WITH ADDITIONAL REMARKS ON THE 
 
 PRISONS OF THIS COUNTRY. 
 
 Parum eft coercere Improbos Poena, 
 nifi Probos efficias Difciplina. 
 
 WARRINGTON, 
 
 PRINTED BY WILLIAM EYRES; 
 
 AND SOLD BY T. CADELL IN THE STRAND, AND N. CONANT IN 
 
 FLEET-STREET, LONDON, 
 
 MDCCLXXX. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Jr OREiGN Prisons i7;/<i^ Hospitals - 4. 
 
 English Prisoners of Wak m France 90. 
 
 French Prisoners in England - 94. 
 
 American Prisoners _ _ _ loi. 
 
 Scotch Prisons - - - _ 103. 
 
 Irish Prisons - - - - 108. 
 
 Hulks on the Thames - - - 112. 
 
 English Prisons - - - - uy. 
 
 Tables - - - _ - 196. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2011 with funding from 
 
 Research Library, The Getty Research Institute 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/appendixtostateoOOhowa 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 THE Houfe of Cormnons having taken under confideration 
 the regulation of prifons, I thought myfelf bound, by the 
 promife made in the conclufion of my late publication, to 
 coUeft fuch farther hints as I might be able to procure in feveral 
 foreign Territories there mentioned. I therefore vifited them and 
 fome other countries, and fliall fubjoin thofe remarks which feemed 
 moft worthy of attention. 
 
 In the Draught of a Bill " to punifli by Imprifonment and Hard 
 " Labour, certain Offenders ; and to eftablifh proper Places for their 
 *' Reception *," the plan was formed on the Rafp and Spin-houfes 
 in Holland. This made me more felicitous to gain the beft inform- 
 ation, by a frefh infpeftion, and by converfation with intelligent men. 
 In purfuance of this defign, I went to Holland in April 1778, and 
 cheerfully entered on the intended bufinefs of my journey at 
 
 * Thi6 has fince paffed into an Aft, 19th George III. Cap. LXXIV. 
 
 A 2 ROTTER- 
 
HOUSE. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 ROTTERDAM, 
 
 Stadt- where I revifited the Stadt-houfe prifon, in which were no 
 
 debtors in either of the three rooms. When there are any, they are 
 alimented at one fixed fum, viz. fixteen ftivers. * There are feven 
 rooms for criminals or diforderly perfons. One of them is called the 
 condemned room, into which a criminal is put fourteen days before his 
 final fentcnce ; and immediately after the fentence, he is executed 
 with a folemnity very ftriking to the common people. In three of 
 the rooms, were three perfons confined for a limited time for fome 
 fmall offences, and kept to bread and water. Their daily allowance 
 was from four to five ftivers, and their pitcher was filled with -water 
 three times adayj but the other criminals had their pitcher filled 
 once a day with beer, and their allowance was from nine to ten ftivers. 
 There were cafes with thick ftraw mats, and two or three coverlids 
 to each. 
 
 HOUSE. 
 
 Rasp- In theRafp-houfe (orSpin-houfe,as it ftiould more properly be called) 
 
 the thirty-eight men who were there, were Ipinning, except two who were 
 cutting or rafping logwood, and zfew who were carding wool, mak- 
 ing fiftiing-nets, and forting coffee-berries. The women were all em- 
 ployed in fpinning, carding, or winding at a great wheel. They 
 were clean, and appeared healthy and well. I obferved the ceiling 
 
 • 
 
 A GUINEA 252 d. is = II guilders 11 ftivers = 231 ftivers 
 (for 20 ftivers is a guilder) therefore ftivers are to pence as ^y^ = 4t : 
 i. e. II ftivers is equal to a Ihilling. 
 
 to 
 
HOLLAND. 5 
 
 to be white: one of the direflors informed me that it .was white- Rotterdam 
 
 Rasp- 
 
 waflied regularly twice a year. house. 
 
 The men were more feparated than the women, into rooms which 
 meafured about fourteen feet by feventeen, and each of which con- 
 tained only four or five. For preventing combinations, two of them 
 are removed every ten or fourteen days, to different companies. In 
 thofe rooms were fome Jews, whofe dinner was not pork, as was that 
 of the other prifoners, but mutton, which their fociety in the city fent 
 them, with a flice of white bread, by permiffion of one of the five 
 regents or infpeftoi's. * 
 
 The whipping-poft is in the middle of the yard, in full view of the 
 men criminals. For the more refradory, there are dark rooms, but 
 not dungeons : in one of thefe, on fliutting the door on myfelf, I 
 found no dampnefs. My condudor obfei"ved, that the floor was 
 raifed to preferve it dry. Here tlsey are allowed no bedding, and 
 are kept to bread and water, which is given them at an aperture in 
 the door. Their confinement is for fix, eight, ten, or fourteen days. 
 
 The keeper has a falary from the city, of four hundred florins or 
 guilders -per annum, f and alfo a houfe, vifluals and drink, firing and 
 candle, and one feventh part of the produce of all the labour of the 
 prifoners ; fo that it is his interefl to. fee that the work be well per- 
 
 • As I was there at one o'clock, the time of the diftribution, I obfervcd that the 
 bread was all cut in Dices : this prevents thofe contefts or frauds which fometimss 
 happen where prifoners mefs together, and the bread is given out in one loaf, 0% I 
 faw on board the hulks in the Thames, where one loaf was given to iix perfons. 
 
 t About £2,6, 
 
 formed : 
 
€ APPENDIX. 
 
 Rotter HAM formed : yet as the quantum is fixed by the regents, it is not in his 
 HOUSE. power to be a cruel tafk-mafter. The manner of dieting the prifoners 
 feemed to me worthy of being infcrted a£ length in the note below*. 
 
 Being at Rotterdam on a Sunday, I was defirous of feeing, whether 
 there was fuch diffipation in their prifons, as there is in ours, on that 
 
 day, 
 
 • Regulation for the daily diet, at the Rafp-houfe at Rotterdam. 
 
 Sunday Dinner. Each man has a mefs of boiled grout, with butter or kitchen- 
 fluff ; a piece of cheefe or butter, with a quarter of n pound of rye breed. 
 
 Ditto ditto. Each buy, woman, or fucli as only work hal'talk, a mefs of grout, 
 as above ; a piece of cheefe or butter, with one fixth of a pound of rye bread. 
 
 Ditto Supper. Each man a bowl of new milk boiled with barley or flour, with a 
 piece of cheefe, and one fourth of a pound of rye bread. 
 
 Ditto ditto. Each boy, woman, or fuch as only do half-tafk, the bowl of fweet 
 milk as above, but no bread or cheefe. 
 
 Monday Breakfall. Each man half a pound of rye bread with cheefe or butter. 
 
 Each boy, woman, or half-talked, one fourth of a pound of rye bread with butter 
 
 or Cheefe, 
 
 N. B. Breakfaft through the week, is the fame as above. 
 
 Monday Dinner. Each man half a pound of meat, or one fixth of a pound of 
 
 pork without bone; half a pound of ryz bread, with a bowl of boiled carrots, 
 
 cabbage or greens. 
 Ditto ditto. Each boy, woman, or half-talked, one third of a pound of meat, or 
 
 one eighth of a pound of pork without bone, three eighths of a pound of ryt 
 
 bread, with a bowl of boiled carrots, cabbage or greens. 
 Tuesday Dinner. For all, boiled gray peafe, with one fourth of a pound of rye 
 
 bread; the men have, befides, each a piece of cheefe* 
 Wednesday Dinner. Each man a bowl of peafe porridge, with three ^ghths of a 
 
 pound of rye bread and a piece of cheefe. 
 Dkto ditto. Each boy, woman, or half-tafked, a bowl of peafe porridge, one 
 
 fourth of a pound of rye bread, with a piece of cheefe. 
 Thursday Dinner. Each man, one third of a pound of meat, or one eighth of a 
 
 pound of pork without bone ; two lliccs of rye bread, weighing together half a 
 
 pound, with a bowl of barley broth. 
 
 TfjURSDAT 
 
HOLLAND. f 
 
 day. The public fervice at the Rafp-houfe began at half after one Rotterdam 
 
 Rasp- 
 
 o'clock. The audience confifted of about thirty or forty inhabitants house. 
 of the town, Mr. Schumaker the prefiding regent, the head-keeper and 
 his family, and three under-keepers, befides the prilbners. The num- 
 ber of women prifoners was about forty, who were feparated from the 
 reft of the congregation by a wooden palifade, and feated on benches 
 
 Thursday Dinner. Boys, or men who only do half-tafk, one fourth of a pound 
 
 of meat, or one twelfth of a pound of pork without bone ; two flices of rye bread, 
 
 weighing together three eighths of a pound, with each a bowl of barley broth. 
 Ditto ditto. The women, no meat or pork ; each a bowl of barley broth, with 
 
 three eighths of a pound of rye bread with butter or cheefe. 
 Friday Dinner. Each man a bowl of kidney-bean porridge ; three eighths of a 
 
 pound of rye bread with cheefe. 
 Ditto ditto. Each boy, woman, or half-ta&ed, the mefs of kidney- bean porridge; 
 
 one fourth of a pound of rye bread with cheefe. 
 Saturday Dinner. Each man a bowl of boiled pcafe, with butter and vinegar 
 
 fauce ; boys, women and half-talked, have the fame allowance; and all have 
 
 the fame allowance of rye bread and cheefe as on the Fridays. 
 
 The conilant fupper, on week days, for all, is butter milk boiled with barley or 
 grout till thick enough to be eaten without bread ; to this, each man has one fourth 
 of a pound of rye bread with cheefe; the boys, women and half-ta&ed have only a 
 mefs of the butter milk, but no bread or cheefe. 
 
 Cans. 
 Each man has, during the three fummer months, daily, of beer, - - 2' 
 and during the three winter months, ditto ditto - - iJL 
 
 z 
 
 and during the remaining fix months, ditto ditto - .2 
 Boys, women and half-talked for the three fummer months, each, daily, li. 
 and for the remaining nine months, - ditto ditto - i 
 
 In the foregoing rffgulation for diet, no alteration is to be made, unlefs when fifti 
 fhall be extraordinarily cheap and plentiful, all the prifoners may be indulged with 
 one meal, provided with theconfeat of all the regents, orof • majority of them. 
 
 raifed 
 
3 APPENDIX. 
 
 Rotterdam raifcd one above another. They were all dean and neat ; had no- 
 
 Rasp- ^ 
 
 HOUSE. thing diftinguifhing in their drefs, but were without hats. While 
 
 they flood up during prayer, they held up their aprons to cover their 
 
 faces. The w«; were neat, dreffed in brown coats, had been fhaved, 
 
 had clean fliirts (which were moft of them chequed), clean ftockings, 
 
 and wore handkerchiefs about their necks. They alfo were feated on 
 
 raifed benches, in a room out of the chapel, and feparated from it by 
 
 an iron grating, from the top of the room to the bottom, fo wide 
 
 that all the audience, except the female prifoners, had them full in 
 
 view. The keeper's feat adjoins to this grating, and two of his 
 
 fervants, who are turnkeys, fat obferving their beliaviour. 
 
 The chaplain, after a fliort prayer, preached extempore j then, 
 the men convifts joined in finging, moft of them having books. 
 When the chaplain had prayed again, he catechifed for about three 
 quarters of an hour. It being the women?, turn that Sunday, fix of 
 them fcood up, one after another, and made the refponfes, which the 
 chaplain explained to them. After this he prayed, and the fervice 
 concluded by finging the fifty-firft Pfalm. The decent behaviour 
 and attention of the audience, evidently proved that the fervice, 
 though of two hours and an half, was not tedious or difagreeable. 
 
 During the time of catechifing, the head-keeper and one of his 
 fervants went out, to infpeft the empty wards, and to fearch whether 
 any tools or inftruments were concealed. The keeper returned to his 
 feat in an hour. At the end of the fervice, the women pafled by the 
 regent's featj* and when they were gone, he went into the court 
 
 • The feat is large enough for all the five regents or infpeftors : but only cm 
 is obliged to attend, and this they do by rotation. 
 
 to 
 
HOLLAND. 9 
 
 to fee the men go to their feveral wards, four or five together,* that Rotterdam 
 
 number only being let out a time. After they were all locked up, house. 
 
 he went to each window, and converfed with them. Many of them 
 
 returned their thanks for the abridgment of their term of confinement, 
 
 as this was juft before the time for eledling new magiftrates. One or 
 
 two, who had been at fea, intreated to go in any capacity to Indioy 
 
 as is fometimes permitted. He afterwards went to the grates of the 
 
 women s wards, and converfed with them j and gave the catechumens 
 
 fome token of his approbation. 
 
 I CANNOT forbear clofing this account, with mentioning the ardent 
 wifhes it infpired in me, that o«r prifons alfo, inftead ofecchoing with 
 profanenefs and blafphemy, might hereafter refound with the offices of 
 religious worfhip j and prove, like thele, the happy means of awaken- 
 ing many to a fenfe of their duty to God and mati. 
 
 At La Porte, the prifon at Goude, there is a fmall room for debtors, Goude. 
 which the keeper informed me had not been occupied fince 176 1. 
 There are many (oSfagon) rooms, but all empty: fome are afllgned 
 to thofe who are committed for fmall offences, and kept to bread 
 and water, for which there is an allowance to each of them of three 
 ftivers a day. — In the Spin-houfe the prifoners were all employed in 
 carding and fpinning wool for ftockings. On obferving little towels 
 hanf^ing in one room, they told me, that each of them had one clean 
 every week. Here were fome prifoners from the Hague, and other 
 towns which have no rafp-houfes, who were admitted at a ftipulated 
 
 • They were not chained, for no irons are here iifed. 
 
 B annual 
 
10 APPENDIX. 
 
 GopDE. annual fum, of about a hundred and ten florins for each, befides fifteen 
 for cloathing. — Near this city is inclofed a triangular gallows, with 
 an infcription over the gate, 
 
 Re^e faciendo neminem t'lmeas. 
 
 The befl: tranflation of which may be the words of Scripture, 
 " The righteous is bold as a lion. " 
 
 2^"*^" " At Harlem, the Spin-houfe (which is the work-houfe or poor-boufe) 
 
 HOUSE. being old, is not fo airy and commodious as modern buildings. 
 Here were about thirty male and fifteen female offenders. The latter 
 were at work with the mother (as they call her) making and mend- 
 ing the linen of the houfe. The former were weaving coarfe linen, 
 in which, at the diftance of every fix inches, there was a blue ftripe, 
 to diftinguilh the linen of the houfe, and to prevent its being in any 
 manner difpofed of elfewhere. One perfon was working at a loom 
 on flowered filk damafk, becaufe that had been his former trade. 
 Taylors were alfo employed in the way of their profelTion. The 
 room in which the women worked, and that in which they flept, 
 were quite clean. Each bed had two perfons allotted to it, and they 
 were all allowed fheets. The poor here, as in other work-houfes in 
 Holland, were cleanly and decently clad. 
 
 Harlem In this city is a noble bofpital, airy and fpacious, called the 
 
 Proeveniers, in which the perfons admitted are decently provided 
 with meat, drink and lodging during their lives, and a burying-place 
 at their deceafe, Perfons of all ages from twenty to the mofl: advanced 
 period are admitted, though it is not common for any under forty to 
 
 apply 
 
HOLLAND. 
 
 II 
 
 apply for admifTion. At entrance, each perfon pays a greater or 
 fmaller fum, according to his age, as by the table in the note.* 
 A common table is provided for all who are not fick or infirm. If 
 any, after refiding fome time, choofe to have their viftuals brought to 
 their rooms, rather than eat in common, they muft pay for that pri- 
 vilege according to their age, one fifth part of the fum that would be 
 required for admifiion at that age. For example, if a perfon of fe- 
 venty years of age choofes to eat in his apartments, he muft pay one 
 fifth of the admifiion money required at the age of feventy, namely, 
 four hundred and twenty florins. 
 
 Harlem 
 Hospital. 
 
 It often happens that there are not vacant places, when perfons 
 defire admifiion. But many fecure places before a vacancy, by pay- 
 ing two hundred florins in advance of their entrance money j in con- 
 fequence of which, their names are infcribed in a liftj and the money 
 dedudted from the fum required when they enter. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Sum. 
 Florins. 
 
 Age. 
 
 
 Sum. 
 
 Florins, 
 
 Age. 
 60 
 
 
 Sum. 
 
 Florins 
 
 2700 
 
 20 
 
 5000 
 
 40 
 
 
 3900 
 
 62 
 
 
 2600 
 
 22 
 
 4900 
 
 42 
 
 — 
 
 3800 
 
 
 
 
 24 — 
 
 4800 
 
 44 
 
 — 
 
 3700 
 
 64 
 
 — 
 
 2500 
 
 26 — 
 
 4700 
 
 46 
 
 — 
 
 355° 
 
 66 
 
 — 
 
 2350 
 
 28 — 
 
 4600 
 
 48 
 
 — 
 
 3450 
 
 68 
 
 70 
 
 ~ 
 
 2200 
 2100 
 
 30 — 
 
 4500 
 
 5° 
 
 — 
 
 3300 
 
 
 
 32 — 
 
 4400 
 
 52 
 
 — 
 
 3 '5° 
 
 72 
 74 
 
 
 1950 
 1800 
 
 34 — 
 
 4300 
 
 54 
 
 — 
 
 3000 
 
 
 
 36 - 
 
 4150 
 
 s6 
 
 — 
 
 2900 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 ~ 
 
 1700 
 1600 
 
 38 — 
 
 4050 
 
 58 
 
 — 
 
 2750 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 — 
 
 1500 
 
 B 2 
 
 Those 
 
12 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Harlem Those who choofe to leave the houfe entirely, receive, during the 
 remainder of their lives, a certain, though very fmalJ, intereft of the 
 
 fum which they paid at admiflion, 
 
 * 
 
 Amsterdam At Amfierdam I more than once revifited the prifons. At the 
 HOUSE. Stadt-houje were eighteen debtors; and there were five cnw/ffrt/j, but 
 their offences not being capital, all the flrong rooms under ground 
 were empty. The debtors are on the ground-floor. I often converfed 
 with them, and found that they were all alimented alike : the firft 
 fourteen days at eleven ftivers (ajhilling) a day; after that time at 
 five ftivers and a half. But this is paid to the gaoler, who has great 
 profit out of it, as appeared from the daily allowance which I weighed 
 feveral times. Each debtor has from the city one quart of beer daily, 
 and turf for firing. The rooms were clean, though the prifoners are 
 never out of them, unlefs twice in a year at the times of white- 
 walhing. 
 
 From a book containing the names and crimes of all who have 
 been executed at Amfterdam, from January 1693 to the end of 1766, 
 1 find it neceffary to retract the affertion " that for a hundred years 
 " paft there have not been executed, commiinibus annis, more than 
 *' one a year." From this publication, the following ftate of execu- 
 tions at different periods are drawn. 
 
 From 1693 to 1735 (43 years) 288. 
 
 1736 ~ 1745 (10 years) 20. 
 
 1746 ~ 1766 (21 years) 28. 
 
 And I have been well informed, that in the three years preceding 
 my laft vifit, there was only one criminal executed, who was beheaded. 
 
 • For this account I am indebted to Dr. Maclaine, the worthy minlAer of the 
 Ecglifli church at the Hague. 
 
 And 
 
HOLLAND. ij 
 
 DAM. 
 
 An obfervation before efcaped me, concerning the attention of the Amster- 
 magiftrates to the children of the malefalfors who are executed. 
 They are fent to the orphan-houfe, and there brought up in induftry, 
 and not left deftitute vagabonds, to become unhappy vidtims to the 
 wickednefs and folly of their parents. 
 
 Perhaps the computation wliich I have mentioned of two 
 hundred and fifty thoufand inhabitants in this city may be too 
 great J* though, if I miftake not, M.r. Karjfel^oom, fome time fince, 
 eftimated them at two hundred and forty- three thoufand; and of late, 
 many Jews banifhed from other countries have made an addition to 
 the number. But Dr. Price reckons that tliey hardly amount to 
 two hundred thoufand. f 
 
 HOUSE. 
 
 The four regents;]: who manage the Rafp-houfe are appointed by the Rasp- 
 burgomafters, to whom they are accountable. The gaoler or /iz/^fr 
 
 • Deaths in 1776, - - 8982. 
 1777. - - 8939. 
 
 The numbers marked at the Stadt-hou/e, when I was there in June 1778, 
 
 The firft week, . . izi, . 
 
 fecond week, - - 138. 
 
 f See his Obfervations on Reverflonary Payments, p. 186, 187. 3d edition. 
 
 X It may be proper to mention, that thefe Regents have no falaries, but only fome 
 privileges and honorary diftinftions ; as exemption from the city watch ; liberty of 
 free entrance after one of the city gates is ihut ; and a deacon's feat in the church. 
 
 is 
 
14 APPENDIX. 
 
 Amsterdam is ftridtly obliged to obey all the orders of the high-officer, the 
 
 Rasp- 
 
 HOUSE. burgomafters, and alfo of the regents. In no cafe may he, or any of 
 his family, receive a gift from the prifoners or their friends, either 
 before or after their enlargement. He mufl not entruft a fervant 
 with the keys, but muft himfelf carefully fearchthe convifts and their 
 cotSy or rooms, before he locks them up in the evening, at fix o'clock 
 in fummer, and at four in winter. The father muft never be abfent for 
 anight, without fpecial permifllon. He is feverely puniflied if any 
 prifoner efcapes. He muft regifter in order all afts concerning com- 
 mitments and difcharges, and produce them to the regents when re- 
 quired. Alio he muft keep an exnift regifter of the deaths, and all 
 other things which belong to thofe confined. 
 
 The regents afl'emble in the houfe at four o'clock every Wednefday 
 afternoon, to collecl and examine the tranfadtions of the preceding 
 week. They appoint a fervant to give any neceflary aftiftance to the 
 father, and particularly to cut the flices of bread for the prifoners ; 
 and when the father is ill, in the evening to vifit and examine the 
 cots. 
 
 In the nine lower rooms of this houfe, in June 1778, were con- 
 fined upwards of forty prifoners. Each of thefe rooms, in which 
 they work in the day and are locked up at night, contains at leaft 
 four perfons. The fame prifoners do not continue long together, 
 but are removed and feparated once a fortnight or oftener. Few or 
 none of them were rafping logwood, but moft of them chopping it, 
 for the two mills belonging to the houfe : for it was found to be 
 too laborious for moft of the prifoners, to work with fix or eight 
 faws, which often weigh feventy or eighty pounds. The medical 
 
 gentlemen. 
 
HOLLAND. 15 
 
 gentlemen, who daily vifit the prifon, informed the magiftrates that Amsterdam 
 
 Rasp- 
 
 it had been the caufe of frequent ruptures. house. 
 
 No friends of the prifoners are permitted to vifit them, without 
 exprefs orders from the regents, unlefs on Mondays : and then they 
 mud be fearched, to prevent the introdu6lion oi Jprituous liquors., or 
 inftruments for breaking out, or any thing elfe forbidden : and they 
 muft retire before the time for fhutting up. Every vifitant is obliged 
 to put two ftivers into a box entrufted with the father. Refrefhments 
 may be received and given to tlie ronvidts on Tuefdays ; but not on 
 other days. Every evening, at eight o'clock, the father muft fee 
 that all things are in due order. The faws, and other heavy imple- 
 ments for their work, are taken from them in the evening, and re- 
 turned in the morning. If a convift be guilty of breaking any thing 
 confiderable, or of negleft or difobedience, he is punifhed feverely 
 by whipping, or confined to bread and water in a dungeon under 
 ground. 
 
 Prayers are read morning and evening, and before and after 
 meals, by one of the beft-behaved convifts : and divine fervice, with 
 a fermon, is performed by a clergyman on Sunday mornings. 
 
 Once a year, a little before the change of the regency, the high- 
 officer and magiftrates, with a fecretary, attended by the inferior 
 officers of juftice, come to this prifon, in order to contra^ or lengthen 
 
 * I HAD this information from Mr. John Hope, one of their very worthy magiftrates ; 
 and to him I am much obliged for copies of the rules and inftrudlions to this hatfe, 
 ^t/pin-houfe, and the ivork-hou/e. 
 
 the 
 
l6 APPENDIX. 
 
 Amsterdam the terms of confinement of the convifts, according to their good or 
 HOUSE. ^^^ behaviour, as reprefented by the regents. 
 
 The houfe provides for the prifoners diet,* cloaths, fhoes and 
 {lockings, with lliirts of half-bleached Flemifh linen. 
 
 Some perfons are confined in private rooms, to which none have 
 accefs, unlefs in the prefence of a regent. Great care is enjoined the 
 
 • Thf diet of the convifts in the Raip-houfe in Amjlerdam. 
 
 Sunday Breakfaft. Three flices of rye bread with butter, and a piece of dry 
 bread fix ilices thick. (K.B. Three pees lueigh half a pound.) 
 
 — — — Dinner or Noon. Half a pound of beef or pork, with beans, fait .ind 
 vinegar, and in winter full two pounds of fait meat. 
 
 Monday Breakfaft. Six flices with butter, and a piece of bread of three flices thick. 
 
 Dinner. Gray peafe with fait and vinegar. 
 
 Tuesday Breakfaft. As on Monday. 
 
 • Dinner. White or gray peafe boiled in water with fait and fage. 
 
 Wednesday Breakfaft. As on Monday. 
 
 Dinner. Boiled oats or barley with fweet milk and butter upon it. 
 
 — Supper. Butter milk, with oats or barley boiled in it. 
 
 Thursday Breakfaft. Six flices of rye bread with butter, and apiece of bread, 
 as on Sunday morning. 
 
 . Dinner. Stockfilh, with fweet milk and butter upon it. 
 
 Friday. As Tucfday. 
 
 Saturday Breakfaft. As Tuefday. 
 
 ■ Dinner. As Wedncfday fuppcr. 
 
 Their drink is four pints of beer daily. But on holidays, viz. two days at Eajlcr, 
 Afeenf.on-day, two at M'bilfuntide, three at the fair time, and two at Chiijlmas, they 
 have for dinner, fmoaked or fait meat or bacon, beans or peafe, carrots or cabbage, 
 and the three/a/r days they have ftrong beer. 
 
 father 
 
HOLLAND. 
 
 «7 
 
 father in conveying provifions to thofe prifoners. With the regents' Amsterdam 
 leave, on Sunday mornings, fome chapters of the Bible are read to house. 
 them* 
 
 The Spin-houfe is for women. This, and the Work-houfe, are 
 under the direftion of fix regents and four governefTes : who appoint 
 two fathers and two mothers to fuperintend and infpecl the work, the 
 diet, t and the lodging of the prifoners ; and to chaftife the dif- 
 obedient. 
 
 Spim- 
 
 HOUSK. 
 
 • There are many of thefe rooms, or houfes of confinement in Holland called 
 Verheterhuixen. The regulations of fome of them 1 collefted ; but as they are liable 
 to abnfe, and contrary to the general notions oi public jujiice, I cannot but wifli that 
 tfeey were univcrfally fuppreffed. 
 
 f Th E diet ef the prifoners is as follows. 
 
 Sunday Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 Monday Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 Tuesday Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 Wednesday Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 Thursday Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 Friday Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 Satu'rday Dinner. 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Cut-eebbagc with meat. 
 
 Butter milk. 
 
 White beans. 
 
 Sweet milk with barley. 
 
 Beans. 
 
 Butter milk. 
 
 Gray peafe. 
 
 Butter milk. 
 
 Barley, 
 
 Bread and beer. 
 
 White beans. 
 
 Butter milk. 
 
 Beans, 
 
 Butter milk. 
 
 The 
 
i8 APPENDIX. 
 
 Amsterdam The work-room, is a large room up flairs, feparated by a wooden 
 HOUSE. baluftrade from the palTage (fix feet wide) into which fpeftators are 
 admitted. This room is divided by baluftrades into three, for diftin- 
 guifliing thofe who have fuffered fome public or corporal pumjhment, 
 from the others who have not been whipped, and expofed on a 
 fcaffold. 
 
 The mother was feated at a defk (where Ihe had a full view of her 
 family at work) with a Bible before her. By calling there on 
 Whitfun-Monday, I found that they keep the fame holidays as at the 
 Rafp-houfe. 
 
 The kitchen, the dining and lodging-rooms, were on the ground 
 floor. In each of the three bed-rooms were ten wooden cafes, with 
 a ftraw mattrefs, two coverlids, flieets, and one large pillow, for two 
 perfons. All were clean, and fhewed the attention of the regents. 
 
 Tax. This houfc is fupported by a fmall annual tax on thofe who fell 
 
 tobacco, beer and other liquors, and one fourth part of what is re- 
 ceived at public exhibitions and diver/tons. 
 
 Work- The old Rafp-houfe or JVork-houfe is worthy of obfervation, as a 
 
 well-regulated houfe of induftry.* In one large room were forty-fix 
 women carding, fpinning and reeling; twelve, weaving coarfe linen 
 or fail-cloth i thirteen, making and mending linen j and one em- 
 
 • Here are confined beggars and vaga,bonds, who, for the firft crime, are com - 
 tnitted for fix weeks ; for the fecond, three months ; and for the third, for a longer 
 period, or are banlfhed. Drunkards alfo are here confined, and fuch as are guilty of 
 petty larceny. 
 
 ployed 
 
HOLLAND. 
 
 19 
 
 ployed in keeping the room clean ; the mother had a Hate, with the Amsterdam 
 
 Wo R K — 
 
 names of the prilbners before her.* Some men and boys were in an- house. 
 other large room, in which were many looms. But moft of the men 
 were at work in the courts, boiling and picking oakum, for caulking 
 the feams of fhips. I counted alfo forty or fifty ivonten among them, 
 at the fame employment. 
 
 The women's bed-room is fpacious ; and I found it clean and in 
 order, though I was there before ten o'clock in the forenoon. 
 
 This houfe was provided with (what feems to be much wanted in 
 the Dutch prifons in general) an infirmary. But it was too fmall and 
 clofe for the purpofe.f 
 
 The diet of the prifoners is the fame as in the Spin-houfe. J Their 
 provifions are bought in confiderable quantities. The rye for bread 
 was on the floor in an airy room, and was fweet and good. The 
 produce of the prifoners' work is applied to the maintenance of the 
 
 • TH?it.^ fathers and three mother: are apppointed to this houfe. One father has 
 the direftion of the houfe-keeping, and the other two overfee the manufaflory. One 
 mother manages the kitchen, and the office of the others is to keep the prifoners cleanly, 
 and to take care of their bedding. 
 
 f The mode of keeping patients extremely warm, and preventing the free circu- 
 lation of air by clofe woollen curtains, occafions me to fay fo little refpefting 
 the infirmaries or hofpitals in Holland. 
 
 X Though in this houfe, and the Spin-houfe, as well as in moft of the other 
 houfes of correftion in i/i5//«?;fl', the prifoners have meat only on Sundays, yet the 
 peafe, beans, barley, &c. are always made into a kind of thick foup or pottage, 
 which is palatable, and is ferved up hot at noon. 
 
 C 2 houfe. 
 
20 APPENDIX. 
 
 Amsterdam houfe, and the deficiency is made up from the Spin-houje tax. The 
 HOUSE. expence for each prifoner is full five ftivers a day. Their number is 
 generally from a hundred and eighty, to two hundred. 
 
 Utrecht, In the Stadt-houfe at Utrecht were no debtors, and only one criminal, 
 and his offence was not capital. The allowance to debtors, (by their 
 creditors) the firft week, is twenty-eight ftivers a day; the fecond 
 week, fixteen ; and every day afterwards, eight ftivers. The ftate 
 allows criminals thirteen ftivers a day, which are paid to the gaoler. 
 There has not been an execution, for the city or province, in the laft 
 fourteen years. 
 
 Spin- 1 WENT over the Spin-houfe with Mr, Fan Goens, one of the magif- 
 
 HOUSE. 
 
 trates, to whofe kindnefs I am indebted for the following account of 
 the inftruiflions to the keeper. In this houfe were thirty-feven men, 
 and thirty-four wcmen. The criminals were employed in fpinning 
 wool. The men were three in a room. The women were feparated, 
 according to their crimes, as they are in the Spin-houle at Amjierdam. 
 
 The overfeer or keepei- has a houfe for the refidence of himfelf and 
 his family, and an annual falary of a thoufand guilders from the 
 ftates, and a hundred and thirty from the city, clear of all deduc- 
 tions. According to the copy of inJiruElions, he muft not be abfent a 
 night out of the city, without leave from the chief officer and 
 the regents. He muft, with affiftants, fearch every part of the 
 cells twice a week, to fee whether any thing be done, — attempted, — 
 or introduced, that is not permitted : and he muft carefully infpeft 
 all things that are conveyed to the prifoners, that no tools, or glafs, 
 no gin or other ftrong liquors may be concealed : and he muft 
 
 himfelf, 
 
HOLLAND. 41 
 
 himfelf, or one of his family, be prefent when any perfons come to Utrecht 
 fee the houfe j and no more than fix vifitants are to be admitted at Spin- 
 
 HOUSEi 
 
 one time. He muft fee that the provifions for the prifoners be good -, 
 and take care that the manufadturer pays the fame for their work, as 
 he would if he employed others. He muft confine thofe condemned 
 for a long term, in ftrong rooms feparate from the reft. He may 
 correal moderately j but if the prifoners are refradlory, and deferve 
 feverer punifiiment, he muft inform the regents. By a particular 
 permiflion from the magiftrates, he may take in as boarders, perfons 
 of bad behaviour, at the defire of their parents, guardians or relations. 
 
 The regents only can appoint, or difcharge, a fervant, or 
 turnkey. 
 
 At Deventer, the prifon is near the river I/fel. It confifts of four Deventer, 
 rooms, which were all clean and fanded, but had no prifoners. 
 When there are any, fixteen ftivers a day are paid for each i which 
 the gaoler receives, as at moft other towns. Prifoners for capital 
 offences are removed to the Stadt-hoiije, where the fame allowance is 
 continued. 
 
 The rooms in the prifon at Middleburg are fpacious, lofty, and Middle- 
 clean. The three dungeons are ufed to force a confefiion j as there 
 is no direft torture, and the criminal is not executed till the crime is 
 confelfed. The allowance to a criminal is eight ftivers a day. 
 
 In the houfe of correEiion, the prifoners were employed in weaving Spin- 
 cloth or facking for the Eaft India company. This is more profitable 
 than their late employment on coarfe carpeting. None were in irons. 
 No more than four perfons were in any of the men'% rooms ; in fome 
 
 there 
 
22 APPENDIX. 
 
 Middle- there were but two. Each criminal pays three guilders at his en- 
 trance, and the fame at his difcharge. 
 
 Breda. The prifon at Breda is an old tower. The allowance to criminals 
 
 is five ftivers a dav. I was informed, that the torture ftool in the 
 chamber of examination has not been ufed for three years paft. 
 
 Spin- In the ncw hoafe of corre5fion were eleven men and two women 
 
 prifoners, all employed on coarfe carpeting ; which is like the 
 Scotch carpeting, but much cheaper. The fpecimen which I pur- 
 chafed, coft only eleven ftivers, or a fiilling their el), which is 
 fijoo feet four inches. I here give the plan of the houfe taken by the 
 builder, who has been particularly attentive to certain apartments 
 which delicacy forbids enlarging upon, though they are of the greateft 
 importance to the prefervation of the health of prifoners. 
 
 The old houfe of correftion was burnt down about five years fince, 
 and feven women periflied in the flames. In the confl:ru(flion of the 
 new prifon, the magiftratcs have taken proper precautions againft 
 fuch an accident. 
 
 I LEAVE this country with regret, as it afibrds a large field for in- 
 formation on the important fubjeft I have in view. I know not 
 which to admire moft, the fieatnefs and cleanlinefs appearing in the 
 prifons, the iudnfiry and regular conduSi of the prifoners, or the 
 humanity and attention of the magiftrates and governors.* 
 
 " I SHOULD accufe myfelf of ingratitude, did not I take this occafion again to 
 cxprefs my acknowledgments to Sir Jofcph i'orke; who not only in this, as in my 
 former vifits to Holland, exerted himfelf with ardour to promote the fuccefs of my en- 
 quiries ; but while I was confined at the Hague in confequencc of an accident, favoured 
 me with inilances of kindnefs and fricndlhip that I never can forget. 
 
 Nothing 
 
S^//.^^^^'^^'^^ y t^'/yyr//o// 
 
 Nor 
 
 TV^ft Froat. 
 
 4- 
 
 /. Rr/.'r^fY's 
 
 'J. ^^/rr/r Uf/r/t A" ft'//. 
 
 
 (J.Z/W/e Cm/rr. 
 
 The Rliiiilau 
 

 ■s; 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 ^ '^ ^ ^ <; ^ 
 
 T]4I1"J,' 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 S 
 
 -^ 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 Xi 
 
HOLLAND. 
 
 Nothing can be more unrealbnable than the pretences ufed aniong 
 ajtojuftify inattention and negligence. I cannot help taking this 
 occafion to add the following authorities on this fubjeft. All un- 
 prejudiced perfons nnuft acknowledge the abfolute necefllty oifrejh air 
 and cleanlinejs to preferve and promote health. To this purpofe Dr. Mead 
 writes, in his Dijcourje concerning Fefiilential Contagion * " Nothing 
 " approaches fo near to the firft original oi contagion, as air pent up, 
 " loaded with damps, and corrupted with the fikhinefs, that proceeds 
 " from animal bodies. Our common ■prijons afford us an inftance of 
 " this, in which very few efcape, what they call the gaol fever, which 
 " is always attended with a degree of malignity yi proportion to tlie 
 " clojenejs d^ndi Jlench of the place. And it would certainly very well 
 " become the wifdom of the government, as well with regard to the 
 " health of the town, as in companion to the prijoners, to take care, 
 " that all houfes of confinement, fliould be kept as airy and clean, as is 
 " confiftent with the ufe, to which they are defigned." — And " as 
 " naflinefs is a great fource of infeSfinn, fo cleanlinejs is the greateft 
 " prefervative." — From the general praiftice of foreigners in building 
 their prifons near the water, it feems, that they were convinced of the 
 bad effefts of offenfive drains, and of the neceffity of cleanlinefs j and 
 they had no apprehenfions of bad confequences arifing from fuch a 
 fituation. Dr. Heberden has exprefled his fentiments on this fubjedt 
 in the Medical Uranf actions, f " In England few make any doubt of 
 "the great danger attending wet rooms: — Is this opinion founded 
 " upon experience, or is it a prejudice, which has been fuffered to 
 " grow up and get ftrength merely for want of being examined ? If 
 
 • Page 41, &c. 5d edit. 1720. 
 t Page 521, 524. 
 
 " we 
 
 23 
 
£4 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 " we enquire into the arguments in favor of this notion, we Ihall 
 " hardly find any other, than the random conjeftures of the fick about 
 " the caufe of their illnefs ; or than their artfully fubftituting this 
 " origin of it inftead of fome other, which they are unwilling to own. 
 " —The air from rivers and from the fea is probably more replenifhed 
 " with vapors, than inland countries cleared of their woods j yet the 
 *' mofl celebrated of antient phyficians recommended the bank of a 
 " running river for the fituation of a houfe, on account of its peculiar 
 " healthinefs ; and many invalids are fent by the modern phyficians 
 ** to the fea fide, only for the benefit of the fea air." 
 
 R M A N Y. 
 
 OsNABRuc. 1 WENT into Germany in June 1778, by Ofnabrug and Hanover. 
 The prifon at Ofnabrug I fhould entirely omit, did I not entertain 
 a hope, that the account of it may poffibly engage the notice of an 
 amiable Prince who is the prefent bijhop, and fo be the means of 
 alleviating the fufferings of the miferable prifoners. T\\t prifon and 
 the houfe of correflion is one large building, fituated in an airy part 
 of the fuburbs, near a brook. A Latin infcription over the gate im- 
 plies, that it was erefted " at the public expenfe, in 1756, for the 
 purpofes of public juftice and utility, by confining and punifliing the 
 wicked." — There are feventeen chambers for criminals, which have 
 
 no 
 
GERMANY. 25 
 
 no light but by a fmall aperture over each door. I was happy to Osnabrug, 
 
 find here no more than one prifoner. He had been confined three 
 
 years, and had lurvived the cruelty of the torture. In another part 
 
 of thehoufe I found many miferable and fickly objects, men, women 
 
 and children, almoft all without fhoes and ftockings. They were 
 
 fpinning in, different rooms, which were dirty beyond defcription. 
 
 Thefe rooms open into a pafiage, which a gentleman in office in the 
 
 city, to whom I was recommended, durft not enter. I enquired of 
 
 the keeper, concerning feveral particulars in the diet, &c. but the 
 
 mifery exprefled in the countenances of the prifoners, made me totally 
 
 difregard the information given me by words. 
 
 At Brunfivick I vifited the habitation of the fiaves, w'ho lay on Brunswick. 
 barrack bedfteads without beds. They had heavy irons, and their 
 countenances were unhealthy. 
 
 Thv. pri/on for capital offences la over one of the gates. It con- 
 fifts of three rooms, but none of them had been occupied for a conu- 
 derable time. It was about eleven years fince the lafl execution. 
 
 BURG. 
 
 At Magdeburg the Prujfian flaves were at work on the fortifica- Macde- 
 tions, ferving the mafons, digging fand, &c. Their daily allowance 
 is two pounds of bread, and on the days they work, they have alfo 
 in money, YitlK z g7-ofche, about three farthings. Their number was 
 only fifty-one, for many had been taken to recruit the army. 
 
 In the other t'wo prifons, nothing feemed worthy of obfervation : 
 but in the houfe of corre£lion (which was formerly a convent) was a 
 mill to grind or beat the logwood that the men rafped -, and two or 
 three large chambers oi/ilk-worms, on which the women attended. 
 
 D At 
 
lb A P P E N D I X. 
 
 Berlin. At Berliv, in the city prifon, called Calandjliof, were eighteen 
 
 men and thirteen women in fifteen rooms, in each of which was a 
 ftox'e. The men and women have the ufe of the court-yard at dif- 
 ferent hours. The allowance to each is one grojche and twelve pfennigs, 
 about two pence three farthings, a day. There is a chapel. There is 
 no torture room in any of the prifons in the Pnifftan dominions, for 
 the prefent king has fet the example in Germany of abolifliing the 
 cruel praftice. In one of the rooms of this prifon are alphabetically 
 digefted, the names and defcriptions, with the fentences, of all who 
 have been confined in that prifon, in order that if they are found 
 there a fecond time, they may fufFer a much feverer punifliment. 
 
 In another prifon, called the Haus-vogtey, are fixteen rooms, eight 
 for criminals, and over thefe the other eight for debtors SLiid/mugglers: 
 thefe rooms look into a court, to which the prifoners have accefs 
 two hours in a day. All the rooms have ftoves. The allowance 
 here to criminals is one gro/cl>c (feven farthings) a day; hut debtors 
 have two grojche, and in winter, one befides for firing. 
 
 Maison The Maifon de "Travail, is a fpacious building in the fuburbs : 
 
 Travail, it was ereded about twenty years fmce: the front is two hundred 
 and twenty feet, the fides a hundred and fixty. It has a court in 
 the centre. The number of inhabitants were about four hundred 
 and fifty, including fourteen children. Beggars and idle perfons 
 of both fexes are fent to this houfe. Thofe who can work are 
 employed, fed, and cloathed ; and proper care and attention paid 
 to the aged and infirm. Each time I was there, I was pleafingly 
 ftruck with the cleanly appearance of all the inhabitants. Old and 
 young, men and women, were fpinning and carding wool, in rooms 
 
 about 
 
GERMANY. 27 
 
 about feventy-five feet by twenty-four.* All have clean linen once a Berlin 
 
 week; and I obferved a towel hanging up in each room. The apart- Maison 
 
 ments are all white-waflied once a year: this gives frefhnefs and Travail. 
 
 neatnefsj and alfo light to the work-rooms. Here is a chapel with 
 
 two galleries, one for each fexj and an apartment for the chaplain. 
 
 The hall for meals is fpacious : the hours, feven, twelve, and feven. 
 
 I was prefent at dinner-time : after ringing a bell, in ten minutes all 
 
 were feated at about twenty tables, eighteen to each table. Four fe- 
 
 parate tables were at a little diftance for criminals. A fervant having 
 
 called our. Silence, the fchool-mafter prayed at the defl<, in the 
 
 ilfiiddle of the room. And after all had helped themfelves with 
 
 barley foup,t while they were eating, he read part of a chapter in 
 
 the Bible ; then fung an hymn, in which the children, who were all 
 
 at one table, joined : after which, all went out and fetched their 
 
 cam, each contaimng about a quart, and they were filled with finall 
 
 beer. After fpending about half an hour at dinner, they had half an 
 
 hour for recreation. The whole was conducted with the greateft 
 
 regularity. 
 
 In this hall are morning prayers, at which all muft attend clean, 
 and then they take their bread for breakfaft. 
 
 * My minutenefs with refpe£l to meafurements and other circumftances relative to 
 the conftrudion and government of thefe buildings, will require no apology with 
 thofe, who confider, that in the formation of new eftablifliments it is of ufe to be 
 acquainted with many things which, though apparently trivial, are frequently of 
 material confequence to the purpofes intended to be anfwered. 
 
 ■J- I TASTED the barley foup, the bread, and the beer, which were wholeforoe 
 
 and good, and they had enough. They have butter or cheefe, with their bread, for 
 
 fupper. 
 
 D 2 This 
 
28 APPENDIX. 
 
 Berlin This houfe refembles the old rafp or work-houfe at Amjlerdam. 
 
 Maison Yt is exceedingly neat, and fuch great attention is paid to all con- 
 Travail. fined in it, as prevents every ground of complaint. The ftrift and 
 good police preferves the city oi Berlin entirely free from beggars.* 
 
 Spandau. At Spandatt, about ten miles from Berlin, are two prifons. In 
 
 that in the town, there were about a hundred and fifty perfons, fpin- 
 ning, knitting, and carding wool. Forty-feven of thefe were 7nen, 
 committed for fmall offences. They have meat only on Sundays in 
 this and fome other houfes of correftion. Here were fome rooms 
 with filk-worms, on which the female prifoners attended. Neither 
 this, nor any foreign houfes of correftion which I have fcen, are 
 without a chapel. 
 
 The other prifon, in the fortrefs or cajlle, is furrounded with water. 
 Thirty-fix ftate prifoners were confined in it, and a hundred and five 
 criminals. Some few o( the latter were rafping logwood j the tafk 
 for each thirty-fix pounds a day: but mofl of them were fpinning. 
 The criminals are badly lodged, and there feems to be little attention 
 paid to them. Here are none but men,, for no women are ever per- 
 mitted to continue a night in the caftle. They had a light chain to 
 each foot, and fuch as were taken after an efcape had a collar of 
 iron. 
 
 • That it is indeed ftrift and extenGve I had fome evidence by weighing the 
 bread from various parts of the city ; all which cxaftly agreed with the affize or 
 flandard. In June 1778, the fine white bread was fomething above three halfpenca 
 a pound ; and there was juft double the weight of rye bread for the fame money. 
 
 If 
 
GERMANY. 
 
 49 
 
 If I may judge, by what I faw of the ft at e pr if oners here, and at Spandau,^ 
 Magdeburg, and of the few prifoneis in the fpacious areas, all their 
 apartments are not fo dreadful as fome imagine ; nor are the perfons 
 confined in them unhealthy and miferable objefts.* 
 
 The houje of correlfion for Lufatia at Lukau is a fpacious prifon. Lukau. 
 The men were treading in a large wheel to grind corn, five and five 
 by turns. Some of them had iron collars, as at Bern, but no irons 
 on their feet. The prifon for the zuomen was a diftind building ; 
 their employment was fpinning. 
 
 At Drejden, the apartments for the flaves being under the fortifi- Dresden. 
 cations, muft be unhealthy. I faw four fick, and yet they had their 
 irons on. Among thofe that were at work, one had an iron collar, 
 by way of punifhment, for making an efcape, befides the broad iron 
 about his leg. Another was fitting, and endeavouring fomewhat to 
 alter the place of his iron. He told me, that the weight was marked 
 on it twenty-one ■poundsy and that he could not have it changed, to the 
 Other leg without paying a fmith. 
 
 Here are two other prifons. The houJe of correSfion has ten or 
 twelve rooms, each about ten feet fquare, with one window, and an 
 aperture over the door, and barrack bedfteads. There were ten pri- 
 foners, five of each fex. Three of the men were rafping logwood in 
 a room down twenty ftepsi and the other two were employed as la- 
 
 • They are not all confined to a fmall quantity of bread and water, in cells of 
 four feet fquare and fix feet high, and loaded with feventy-eight pounds of iron, as 
 the ingenious and intrepid Trenck was fix years at Magdeburg. 
 
 bourers 
 
3d APPENDIX. 
 
 Dresdek. bourers in building a chapel. This prifon and the <?r/>^^«-^(j//^j is, 
 very improperly, one building. 
 
 The other prifon for the hailliage, contains nineteen chambers, in 
 which were twenty-fix prifoners ; moft of whom had a chain (fome 
 on one foot only, fome on both) faftened to a ftaple in the wall. The 
 prifon was dirty j and the gaoler's pan of charcoal and frankincenfc 
 (which his negligence rendered necefTary) could not prevent its being 
 very offenfive. Here was one debtor, who had from his creditor fix 
 grojche (ten pence halfpenny) a day. The criminals allowance is one 
 grojche (about feven farthings) each.* 
 
 Prague. There was nothing very remarkable in the two prifons at Prague. 
 
 The men at the Mai/on de Force, work out, with a guard, fawing 
 wood, &c. for twelve creutzers f a day, which is lefs than the com- 
 mon wages of labourers. The prifoners themfelves receive only four 
 for a day's work, the reft is paid to the houfe. Many were thus em- 
 ployed, with chains to one or both legs, according to the different 
 terms of their confinement. 
 
 • On paying my acknowledgments to the grand bailiff ior permitting me to fee 
 the gaol, I took the liberty to obferve, that 1 had feen prifons cleaner. I mentioned 
 alfo the fcverity of chaining women, which is very uncommon in other countries. 
 To this he anfwered, that " the gaoler chained them for fecurity, being often obliged 
 to be abfent in fetching prifoners from the country." In return, I gave my opinion 
 that the attention to a prifon ought to be the fole work of a gaoler, without which, 
 little regard will be paid to cleanlinefs or humanity. 
 
 t- A CREUTZER is near a halfpenny. 
 
 I VISITED 
 
GERMANY. 31 
 
 At Vienna I vifited all the prifons, and mofl of the hofpitals. Vienna. 
 The prifons are old buildings, and afford no inflruftion. 
 
 The front of the great prifon. La Maijon de Boitrreau, is remark- 
 able for a very ftriking reprefentation of the crucifixion of our Saviour" 
 and the two thieves on mount Calvary. In this prifon are many 
 horrid dungeons.* 
 
 'o^ 
 
 In the Mai/on de Force, or houfe of correElion, were a hundred and 
 fixty-nine men, and a hundred and forty women. The women were 
 employed in carding, fpinning, and knitting. I was prefent on a 
 Monday morning, when they brought their week's work, for which. 
 
 • Here, as ufual, I enquired whether they had any putrid fever, and was 
 anfwered in the negative. But in one of the dark dungeons down twenty-four fteps, I 
 thought I had found a pcrfon with the gaol fever. He was loaded with heavy irons, and 
 chained to the wall : anguifh and mifery appeared with clotted tears on his face. He 
 was not capable of fpeaking to me ; but on examining his breaft and feet for petechia 
 or fpots, and finding he had a ftrong intermitting pulfe, I was convinced that he was 
 not ill of that diforder. A prifoner in an oppofite cell told me, that the poor crea- 
 ture had defired him to call out for affiftance, and he had done it, but was not heard. 
 This is one of the bad eJcHs of dungeons. 
 
 I HAVfi been frequently aflted what precautions I ufe, to preferve myfelf from 
 infeftion in the prifons and hofpitals which I vifit. I here anfwer once for all, that 
 next to i\it free goodnefs and mercy of the Author of my being, temperance and clean- 
 linefs are my prefervatives. Trufling in Divine Pro-vidence, and believing myfelf in 
 the way of my duty, I vifit the moft noxious cells, and while thus employed, 
 " I fear no evil." — I never enter an hofpital or prifon before breakfaft, and in 
 an oifenfive room I feldom draw my breath deeply. 
 
 after 
 
32 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Vienna after it had been weighed, they received their pay. They have all 
 
 °^^'^ that they earn for themfelves. A few received twenty-fix creutzers 
 
 Cor R EC- each, others lefs. The mafter was employed in putting the name on 
 
 TION. 
 
 the work of each prifoner, and fetting down the money that was paid, 
 and the cotton delivered. The prifoners faw the cotton weighed, 
 and took as much as they could fpin in that week.* At dinnertime, 
 feveral large pans of foup and beer v/ere brought in, and the prifon- 
 ers bought what they thought proper. 
 
 The prifon was too much crowded, t the houfe not being built for 
 the purpofe to which it is applied. In feveral rooms the men were 
 carding and fpinning. In one room, fome of them, who were tay- 
 lors, were making cloaths for the foldiers : in another, fome were 
 weaving coarfe linen at eight looms : and in another room, they 
 were making thick blankets for the convents. Two more rooms 
 Vere warehoufes for cloth, ftockings, coverlids, &c. manuFaflured 
 in the houfe for falc. They were then white-wafhing the houfe. % 
 
 • In the holidays, when the prifoners are not permitted to work, each has an 
 allowance of four or five creutzeri, 
 
 + One or two of the women were crying, and charging others with rifing in the 
 night and Healing fome of their cotton. The mijlrefs believed the complaint, but 
 faid (he was not able to prevent fuch frauds, becaufe there was not the convenience of 
 ftparate apartmentt. 
 
 X It is the general rule in Dutch and German houfcs of correction, to ivhite-ivafi 
 them once or twice a year. 1 feldom neglefted to enquire about this praftice, as we 
 have a daufc relative to it in a late iSi for pre/trvieg tht kealtb if prifoners in gaol. 
 
 In 
 
GERMANY. 33 
 
 In the chapel is a proper feparation of men and women. Here, and Vienna. 
 at Prague, and in fome other parts of Germany, they have iron grate 
 doors, which do not prevent the circulation of air, fo falutary and ne- 
 ceflary in hoiifes of confinement. Too little attention is paid to the 
 lodgings of the prifoners, for they have no coverlids. 
 
 Though I could not mention with commendation the prifons of 
 this city, yet I muft acknowledge, I was greatly pleafed with the 
 public buildings for the indigent, the aged, and infirm ; which do ho- 
 nour to the citizens in general, and efpecially to the Emprefs ^een. 
 
 The great alms-houfe in the fuburbs confifts of three courts. The Alms- 
 front of this fpacious building is fix hundred and thirty-feven feet; 
 the fide, eleven hundred and fifty-three. The inhabitants are near 
 three thoufand, including the military invalids. It was agreeable to 
 obferve their order, neatnefs, and cleanlinefs. Here poverty and old 
 age appeared with a fmiling afpedl. Many of them were fevcnty or 
 eighty years of age. They wcic cheerfully fpinning, becaufe what- . 
 ever they could gain was to be their own. 
 
 Les Freres de Charite have not only wards for the fick in their 
 convent, but thefe friars have alfo another airy and commodious 
 houfe with gardens, to which they remove their patients when they 
 begin to recover. In this were two wards up flairs, and each ward 
 has fourteen beds. 
 
 The noble Hofpital for bringing up children, was the plan of one 
 perfon, whom I left engaged in the improvement of his liberal de- 
 fign. In fixteen rooms for boys, were five hundred and thirty-nine 
 beds, and two hundred and forty-one in eight rooms for girls. The 
 extent of the front is fix hundred and fixty-two feet. 
 
 E In 
 
34 APPENDIX. 
 
 Vienna. In the great alms-houfe, and in feveral prifons and other public 
 
 buildings, the rooms are all arched, to prevent danger and confufion 
 in cafe of fire. 
 
 Before I leave this city, I would juft mention that every month, 
 an account of the price, weight and meafure of bread &nA flour, is 
 put up on the gates.* 
 
 Gratz. At Gratz (the capital of Stiria) I obferved in the hou/e of correc- 
 
 tion, that the prifoners had an appearance far more healthy than thofe 
 I had feen in a fimilar houfe at Vienna. They have beds and cover- 
 lids, and the guards fee that the men take off their cloatbs at night. 
 
 Laubach. I OMIT particulars concerning the prifon at Laubach in Carniola, as 
 I cannot fay a word in favour of it. 
 
 Trieste. At Triefle, the prifon confifts of eight or ten very clofe ofFenfive 
 rooms, each having only one fmall window. The pale countenances 
 
 • The bills I obferved were dated July i, 1778. Seven forts of bread were men- 
 tioned in them. The fineft was (by my weights) exaftly one pound for three half- 
 pence of our money. The fecond fort was one pound and fix ounces for a penny. 
 Inferior forts made of rye were cheaper. I commonly examined the price, and the 
 ftriftnefs of this part oi the police, in moft large cities that I vilted, to compare them 
 with our own at London. 
 
 The bakers at Vienna are puniflied for frauds by the feverity and difgrace of the 
 ducking-ftool. This machine of terror, fixed on the fide of the Danube, is a kind of 
 long pole or board extending over the water, at one end of which the delinquent, 
 being fattened in his bafket, is immerfed. The bakers would gladly purchafe a re- 
 moval of this machine, but the puniftiment is continued and inflifted by order of the 
 magiftratc!. 
 
 of 
 
GERMANY. 
 
 3S 
 
 of the nineteen prifoners befpoke their own mifery, and the negli- Trieste. 
 gence of the magiftrates and keepers. 
 
 But in the Cajlle were eighty-five flaves (Condannati) who feemed 
 healthy and well. They were confined for three, five, feven, or 
 fourteen years and upwards ; and were employed on the roads, in the 
 harbour, &c. Some of them were at work in a large lighter,* clear- 
 ing the harbour, juft under my chamber window. To prevent their 
 efcaping, they were guarded by fix foldiers. They did not work 
 harder, than other labourers would in the fame employment. Their 
 hours for work were from five in the morning till between five and 
 fix in the afternoon ; but they had two (from eleven to one) al- " 
 lowed them for reft, and half an hour more fometime before they 
 left work. They appeared healthy, clean, andftrong; and laboured 
 cheerfully, becaufe when they were employed, each of them receiv- 
 ed, as extraordinary pay, three farthings a day. Their common 
 . allowance was two pounds and a half of bread and four farthings 
 a day. I heard them called over, and faw them receive their pay, 
 before they entered their chambers in the caftle. Their bread was 
 fweet and good, fuch as I fliould have been happy to have found in 
 many parts of my tour. They were treated with humanity, though 
 
 • Two wheels were fixed in the lighter, one of them to draw back the fcoop or 
 bucket, and tlie other (by the weight of ten men treading in it) to raife the mud, 
 which was then emptied into another lighter managed by the overfeer of the work. 
 Three or four times a day, a foldier (with a bayonet fixed on his mufket) accom- 
 panied a convift, who went to fetch a tub of frefli water, and on his return he fup- 
 plied each with a tumbler of it while they were at work in the wheel. By the mall 
 of the other lighter, a fail was fpread to Ihade them, the weather being warm, 
 Farenheit's thermometer 85°. 
 
 E 2 under 
 
^6 APPENDIX, 
 
 Trieste. under flrift difcipline ; were well fupplied with food and cloaths; had 
 two fhirts, two pair of (lockings, &c. and they lay in good beds * 
 with coverlids, in large airy rooms having oppofite windows, and 
 not, like many convifls, in clofe dirty dungeons under the fortifica- 
 tions. But they were diftinguifhed from other labourers by a light 
 chain on their legs, and a chain fiipported by a girdle of leather at 
 their waifts. 
 
 Y. 
 
 J. ENTERED Itaf-y with raifed expedtations of confiderable in- 
 formation, from a careful attention to the prifons and hofpitals, 
 in a country abounding with charitable inftitutions and public 
 edifices. 
 
 • May not one great caufe of the unhealthlnefs of our prifoners be, the want of 
 proper bedding, which obliges them to lie in their cloaths ? How different did thefe 
 prifoners appear at the cajlle from many that I have feen in PruJJia and at Vienna ! 
 I was rtruck with the fame good appearance of the nuomen prifoners at feveral of the 
 fpin-houfes in Holland. This reminds me of what I heard an old general fay, " That 
 " he always found his men fubjefl to illnefs and difeafes when they lay in camps, 
 *' not from dampntfs, but tromfying in their cloaths and the ivant oi proper bedding; for 
 " at the fame time all his officers had been quite healthy and well." Whatever be 
 the caii/e of this difference, whether a more free perfpiration in bed, taking off bandages, 
 or ventilation of the cloaths, I am fully convinced of theyijcS". 
 
 At 
 
ITALY. 37 
 
 At Venice, the great prifon is near the Doge's palace,* and it is Vemce. 
 one of the ftrongefl I ever faw. There were between three and four 
 hundred prifoners, many of them confined in loathforne and dark 
 cells for life J executions here being very rare. There was no fever, 
 or prevailing diforder in this clofe prifon. None of the prifoners 
 had irons. On weighing the bread allowance, I found it four- 
 teen ounces. I afked fome who had been confined many years in 
 dark cells, whether they Ihould prefer the galleys ? They all an- 
 fwered in the affirmative : fo great a bleffing is light and air ! The 
 chapel is only for the condemned^ who continue there a night and a 
 day before execution. 
 
 Regulations were hung up in the prifon. — Here is a charitahk 
 Jociety eftablifhed for the relief of prifoners both civil and criminal, 
 and rules are publifhed for the direftion of the officers who have the 
 management of it, of whom four are appointed vifitors of the prifon. 
 There are like-wife rules for the good government of the two infirm- 
 aries. Thefe I procured from the ducal printer, with the regula- 
 tions for the galleys and prifons, for many years paft. 
 
 One of the galleys was moored two boat's length from the fhore, 
 in which were only twenty-feven flaves, who were kept here in order 
 to be fent on board the other galleys. This was clean. Here, and 
 in the other galleys, which were dirty and crowded, the flaves were 
 in chains of about twenty-feven pounds weight.f 
 
 * The rooms for tixejiate.fri/cneis are over part of the palace on the leads, which 
 renders confinement in the heat of fummer alnioft intolerable. 
 
 f I SAW a flave dead on the fhore, who I fuppofe deftroyed himfelf in defpair, for 
 
 he could not hope to efcape by fwimming, becaufe of his heavy irons. 
 
 I VISITED 
 
3S APPENDIX. 
 
 Padua. I VISITED the prifons of Padua and Ferrara, In the former of 
 
 thefe cities, none of the confined debtors would fit on the elevated 
 fioneftool* in the great hall ; and I was informed that not one had 
 fubmitted to the ignominy thefe ten years. 
 
 Bologna. At Bologna are three prifons; one of which is for debtors, who 
 
 are alimented after four months and three days confinement, at one 
 faule (about fix pence) a day each. 
 
 Hospital. The hofpital, S. Maria de Vita, afForded me great pleafure. All 
 was clean ; and the wards were lofty, and not in the leafl: ofFenfive. 
 The wards of the men and women were of the fame fize, each con- 
 taining thirty-eight beds, nineteen on each fide. The bedfteads were 
 of iron, and the coverlids were white and clean. Each ward had 
 fourteen windows, feven on a fide, and all had curtains. They had 
 folding wooden cafements ; and on the outfide, wire lattices.f 
 
 • This is fometimcs called xkt ftone of difgrace \ for if they who are infolvent 
 would avoid imprifonment, at a time fixed they mull fit upon it in a difgraceful manner 
 three times. 
 
 t The wards of this hofpital were thirty-two feet and a half wide, and the beds 
 were three feet two inches wide, and three feet eight inches afunder. In the middle 
 of each fpace of the wall between the beds was a cupboard, with a flielf, concealed 
 by a fmall curtain ; and over each curtain was a flip of black marble with the number 
 of the bed. On the fiJes of all the wards, for the convenience of opening and fhut- 
 ing the windows, was a gallery eighteen feet above the floor, and two feet broad, 
 with a light rail two feet nine inches high. The doors to the wards were iron 
 grates, five feet five inches wide. 
 
 In 
 
Y. 
 
 39 
 
 In Florence are two prifons. * In the great prifon, Palazzo Florence. 
 degl' Otto, were only twenty prifoners. Six of them were in the 
 fecrete chambers, which are twenty-one ftrong rooms. None of the 
 prifoners were in irons. They had mattrelTes to lie on. Their bread 
 was good. In the torture chamber, there was a machine for decolla- 
 tion, which prevents that repetition of the flroke which too often 
 happen* when the axe is ufed. 
 
 In the other prifon, Delle Stinche, there are five doors to pafs be- 
 fore you come to the court. The opening of the firft is three feet 
 wide, and four feet nine inches high, with an infcription over it, 
 Oportet mi/ereri, (We ought to be companionate.) In this prifon are 
 many fpacious rooms, in which are fmall benches, or cribs to lie on. 
 The menh rooms are below, and look into the court, which is about 
 forty-three feet fquare. The women, entirely feparated, are up flairs, 
 and have an hofpital joining to their room. A new infirmary for the 
 men (forty-four feet by twenty-nine) is contiguous to the chapel. 
 In this prifon were forty-two men and fourteen women. Debtors 
 are not feparated from criminals. In one room were eight, who paid 
 for their beds. The bread was good : the day's allowance to each 
 fifteen ounces. None were in irons. — The chaplain has apartments, 
 and refides in the gaol, f 
 
 .* Dr.Targioni, who had an order from his royal highne/s to infpeft the hofpi- 
 tals, and report what beneficial improvements might be made in them, accompanied 
 me in vifiting thefe prifons. 
 
 f This prifon has fomething fimilar to the plan I propofed. A wall furrounds 
 three fides of it; but being very high, and only eleven feet and a halfdiilant, it ren- 
 ders the prifon too dofe. 
 
 The 
 
40 APPENDIX. 
 
 Florenck Th^ great hofp\ta\ of S. Maria Nova was crowded andtooclofcj 
 ospiTALs. f}^Qugi^ jj^g men's fever ward was four hundred and fifty-four feet long, 
 and thirty feet and a half wide. They have feparate wards for wounds 
 and fradures. The women are attended by the Nuns, who have a 
 paflage under ground from the oppofite convent. Here are twenty 
 ftudents, who lodge and board in the houfe for fcven years, attend 
 the fick, ferve the vi(5lualsj* &c. and are diftinguifhed by. a long 
 cloak. 
 
 But the hofpital which I moft frequently vifited, was S. Giovan di 
 D/o.f The afcent into the fick ward is by a flight of thirty ftone 
 fteps. This ward was lofty and clean j and was a hundred and 
 twenty-three feet long, and thirty-three and a half wide. There 
 were in it thirty-three beds, three feet four inches wide, placed on 
 varnifhed boards, on iron bedfteads, J 
 
 Neither the fides nor floors of this, and the other hofpitals of 
 Italy, were wood, that being more retentive of fcents or infection 
 than tarras or brick. At one end there are five rooms with fingle 
 beds for fick priefts. Three of them were occupied. 
 
 The hofpital S. Paolo delta Convalefcenza, for the reception of 
 recovering patients, has clean and airy apartments, and a Ipacious 
 
 • I SAW a friar or capuchin come in form and ble/s the meat or foup for dinner. 
 The numerous patients feemed entirely fatisfted with this, without any devotion of 
 their own. 
 
 t The great attention of this order of friars to the fick, in every country where 
 they have hofpitals, does them honour. 
 
 J This is very conducive to cleanlinefs, and fecures patients from vermin. 
 
 refefbory. 
 
I T A L Y,: 41 
 
 refeftory, or dining hall. They continue here four days, and by the Florence. 
 change of air and diet their health is confirmed before they go to 
 their feveral occupations. 
 
 Here I would juft mention an alms-houfe, S. Bonifazio, for infirm 
 perfons of advanced age. It has eighty beds for each fex, and they 
 are fitting up twenty more. The wards are (thirty feet wide) all clean, 
 and fhew the care of the Nuns who attend on this charity.* 
 
 In the prifon at Leghorn were three debtors, and eight of thofe Lechorji. 
 called />rj/"«7frj at. large, and in they^fr^/^ three criminals. I mention 
 this prifon becaufe of the infirmary, which, as appears by an in- 
 fcription over the door, was built at the expenfe of the prefent go-, 
 vernor, Philip Borbonio, in 1761. 
 
 The flaves in the /or/rg/jr f appeared healthy and well ; better, as Fortress. 
 the old keeper remarked, fince they have lain onjhore. if Each pri- 
 foner had a ring round one leg j but when they go out to work, a 
 chain is rivetted to two prifoners. Here were feven pontons to clear 
 the harbour J but the weather, wlien I was there, being ftormy, they 
 could not be worked. There were forty-feven flaves employed at 
 
 • I CANNOT leave Florence without expreffing my great obligations to the Grand 
 Duke for his permiffion to infpedl the prifons, and making my acknowledgments to 
 Sir Horace Mann our ambaffador, for his very kind attention and affiftance. 
 
 t In this fortrefs, there were a hundred and thirty-two flaves : at Pi/a, were 
 eighty-five : and at the Grand Duke'i falt-works at Port Ferrara, feventy. 
 
 J Galleys or hulks ought to be the punifhment only for the molt atrocious 
 crimes. 
 
 F the 
 
4C APPENDIX. 
 
 Leghorn the new Lazaretto, which is a noble fpacious building, with different 
 Fortress, apartments for officers and their men to perform quarantine, and large 
 warehoufes for the cargoes of their fliips. 
 
 The old keeper generoufly ordered his fon to copy for me all the 
 rules, from which I fliall here give fome extracts. 
 
 Three keepers have their falary from the Grand Duke. They re- 
 ceive a copy of the procefs againft every convifV, carry it to the go- 
 vernment, and regifter it in the proper book; and when required, 
 they muft give an exaft account of all proceedings againft the pri- 
 foners. They make a report of the refractory to government, that 
 they may be puniflied in proportion to their offences, with feverer 
 confinement, irons, and baftinadoes. The principal keeper has 
 power to choofe two turnkeys out of the beft-behaved prifoners, who 
 are to exhort and inftrudrt the others : but the keeper is to have a 
 ftrift watch over them. He muft order that all prifoners, when they 
 are brought in, have their heads fljaved, — be drefled in the uniform 
 of the houfe, — and have irons on their feet. 
 
 The prifoners are condemned to labour, for thirty, twenty, ten, 
 or feven years, or for a fhorter term, according to the nature of their 
 crimes j and are chiefly employed on the publick works. They are 
 fent out every morning, under a guard of foldiers, and are chained 
 two and two together, with a chain of about eighteen pounds weight. 
 An hour's relaxation is allowed them at breakfaft, and two hours in 
 the afternoon : and at an hour before fun-fet, they are recondufted 
 to the prifon, and muft be well fearched by the keepers, to prevent 
 their having any thing concealed : and two hours after fun-fet, they 
 are ordered to go quietly to reft. When they are employed on the 
 
 works 
 
r T A L Y. 43 
 
 works by his royal highnefs, they are paid two (Tr^zzzVj (about three Lechorn 
 halfpence) a day ; but if employed by other perfons, they are paid four Fortress. 
 or fix crazzies, according to the nature of the work. At day-break, 
 the turnkeys ring the bell to awake them : and a report is made by 
 them to the keepers, if any have been guilty of irregularities' during 
 the night. Their daily allowance is a loaf of thirty ounces (which 
 is made two thirds of flour, and one third of bran,* ) and foup made 
 from four ounces of peafe boiled in water, with fait and oil. On 
 each of the two Eajler holidays they are allowed a pound of meat, 
 and three ounces of rice. Every two years they have a coat of gray 
 cloth, a waiftcoat of red cloth, and a red cap ; every year a pair of 
 Ihoesj and every fix months afhirt, and a pair of drawers or breeches. 
 Their drawers are fhifted once a month, their fhirts every week. 
 For lodging, they have a mattrefs filled with ftraw, and a coverlid : 
 the ftraw is changed, and kept in good order. — If one attempts to 
 defert, and be taken before fun-fet, he muft wear a ring, and a chain 
 of eighteen pounds weight; and he mutt pay half his future earnings, 
 till it amounts to a zechin,-\ to thofe that apprehended him. If they 
 who are condemned for five years defert, when retaken, their term 
 again commences : and for repeated defertions, they are more fe- 
 verely punifhed, and fometimes tortured. 
 The chaplain muft inftruSt the prifoners. 
 
 In the hofpital there muft be all proper provifions for the fick ahd 
 infirm, viz. veal, mutton, rice, fine bread, broth, good wine, &c. 
 
 * Their bread was very good. I preferred it to that which I met with at my 
 lodgings. 
 
 •J- A ZECHIK is about 9s. 3d. 
 
 F 2 A phy- 
 
44 APPENDIX. 
 
 Leghorn A phyfician attends, and the diet and medicines inuft be according 
 
 Fortress, to his prefcription. On entering, the patients have clean linen, 
 
 fliirts, night-caps, and cloaths. And the keepers and turnkey muft 
 
 examine their vidtuals and foup, to fee that they be good, and that 
 
 the quantity be according to the phyfician's orders. 
 
 Rome. At the great prifon at Rome, called the New Prifon,* at the back 
 
 of which runs the Tiber, on a ftone tablet over the door, is this 
 infcription : 
 
 JUSTITI^ ET CLEMENTI/E 
 
 SECURIORI AC MELIORI REORUM CUSTODI^E 
 
 NOVUM CARCEREM 
 
 INNOCENTIUS X. PONT. MAX. 
 
 POSUIT 
 
 ANNO DOMINI 
 
 MnCLV. 
 
 To Jujlice and Clemency, 
 
 Fcr the morejecure and better cuftody of criminals. 
 
 Pope Innocent X. ereiled this New Prifon^ 
 
 In the year of our Lord 
 
 1655. 
 
 On the ground floor, on one fide are the flavcs for the galleys at 
 Civita-vecchia : on the other fide is a fort of cook's fhop, and a tap- 
 room, over which are the women's apartments, five of whom were in the 
 
 • The elegance and fimplicity of the front of this prifon occaConed me to give 
 a plate of it. 
 
 Jecrete 
 
I 
 
 
 
 1 
 
A 
 
 45 
 
 Prison. 
 
 /mv/^ chambers, and twenty more at large. — There are eighteen of thefe Rome 
 ftrong rooms for the men, which are clofe and offenfive, each of them „^^^^ 
 having but one window for admitting light and air. Thefe rooms 
 are never opened without an order from the governor of the city. 
 There were fixty-eight prifoners. They are not permitted to go out 
 of their rooms at any time, but for examination. — Some having been 
 confined there many years, appeared v^ith pale fickly countenances i 
 but none were in irons. 
 
 Here is a chamber for diftrafted prifoners, in which were feveil 
 miferable objefts. 
 
 There are feveral chambers with beds for thofe who are called 
 prifoners at large, for which each pays one paule and a half (about 
 eight pence) a night. There is a chamber for friefts, one for boys, 
 one for Jews, and one for prifoners who have cutaneous diforders. 
 
 On the upper floor are two Infirmaries : one, appropriated to 
 the prifoners in the fecrete, in which were four patients. In the 
 other, which is for the reft of the prifoners, were ten patients the firft 
 time I was there, and the laft time only /even* The whole prifon 
 is arched with brick, for fecurity in cafe of fire. The palTages are 
 feven feet two inches, wide, and light. The afcent to each ftory, is 
 by two flights o{ Jeventeen ftone fteps. Thefe ftaircafes are feven feet 
 three inches wide j the rifes five inches : this I mention, as gene- 
 rally, in our prifons (even thofe that are lately built) the ftairs are 
 
 • This infirmary is a fpacious airy ward, feveilty-three feet by twenty-three, witli 
 feventeen beds three feet three inches afunder j was clean, and had every thing 
 proper for the fick, 
 
 narrow. 
 
4(5 A P P E N D I X. 
 
 Rome. narrow, the rifes high, and the paflages dark and inconvenient. I 
 wi(h I could fay I had feen no torture chamber.* 
 
 In the prifon at the Capitol are two rooms for poor debtors, and 
 for criminals whofe offences are not fo great as to caufe them to 
 be confined in the fecrete. The prifoners in one of thefe rooms, 
 had the privilege of afking alms of the paffengers. There were 
 five debtors in rooms which they paid for, and two criminals in the 
 fecrete. This prifon is not offenfive. There is a conftant current of 
 water through one of the large rooms. 
 
 The ftate prifoners are confined in the caflle of San Atigelo. The 
 rooms appropriated to that purpofe were all empty, except one, in 
 which was a bijhopy who had been confined upwards of twenty years, 
 and was diftrafted. Here were alfo eighteen condannati who work 
 in the fortrefs, and had each a light chain. They feemed healthy 
 and well. 
 
 On the death of the Po/>(f, the prifoners are brought hither from 
 the great prifon, for upon fuch occafions the prifons are thoroughly 
 cleaned. 
 
 I CAN give but little information refpefling the prifon of the inqui- 
 fition. It is fituated near the great church of St. Peter s. On one 
 
 • There is a table of regulations by the authority of the magiftrates hung up in 
 this prifon, ordering the exaft times, of opening the prifon and the court, of faying 
 mafs daily, and of diftributing the alms. The times vary twice in a month, accord- 
 ing to the difFerent length of the days. In the fame table, the phyfician is ordered 
 to vifit the fick in the infirmary every morning, and in cafe of extraordinary illnefs, 
 in the evening. 
 
 fide 
 
Y, 
 
 47 
 
 fide of the court round which it is built, is the inqulfitor general's Rome. 
 palace. Over the gate is an infcription importing " that it was 
 erefted by Pope Pius V. in the year 1569." The windows of the 
 prifon have wooden blinds, and at a fmall diftance is a high wall.* 
 
 In this City, and many others in lialy, is a Confraternita della mije- 
 ricordia, called S. Giovanni di Fiorentini.-\ It confifts of about 
 feventy, chiefly nobles, of the beft families. After a prifoner is 
 condemned, one or two of them come to him the midnight before 
 his execution, inform him of the fentence, and continue with him 
 till his death. They, with the confeflbr, exhort and comfort him, 
 and give him his choice of the moft delicious food. All t\\t fraternity 
 attend the execution, drefled in white. When the prifoner is dead, 
 they leave him hanging till the evening; then one oi xht fraternity^ 
 generally a prince, cuts him down, and orders him to be conveyed to 
 the burying-place which they have appropriated to malefa6lors. I 
 was there the twenty-ninth of Auguft, the only day in the year when 
 this burying-place is opened to the public. — Adjoining an elegant 
 church is a chapel, which makes one fide of a court, and on each 
 of the other three fides, is a portico fupported by Doric pillars. 
 
 * The chambers of \.\as Jilent and melancholy abode were quite inaccefllble to me ; 
 and yet I fpent near two hours about the court and the priefts apartments, till my 
 continuance there began to raife fufpicion. 
 
 f Many oi Florentine extraftion were the founders. This inftitution is ancient, 
 for the church of 5. Gio. Battijla Decollato belonged to them in 1450. 
 
 In 
 
48 APPENDIX. 
 
 Rome. In the middle of the pavement* of the front portico the women, 
 and in one of the fide porticos the men are buried. The latter are 
 interred in the fame drefs in which they were hanged ; for in Italy) 
 coffins are not in general ufe. 
 
 S. MicHELE. The hofpital of 6". Michele is a large and noble edifice. The back 
 front is near three hundred yards long. It confifls of feveral courts 
 with buildings round them. In the apartments on three fides of one 
 of the moft fpacious of thefe courts, are rooms for various manufac- 
 tures and arts, in v/hich boys who are orphans or deftitute are edu- 
 cated and inftrufted. When I was there, the number was about two 
 hundred, all learning different trades according to their different 
 abilities and genius. Some were educated for printers, fome for 
 bookbinders, defigners, fmiths, carpenters, taylors, fhoemakers, and 
 barbers j and fome for weavers and dyers, a cloth manufadture being 
 carried on here in all its branches. When the boys arrive at the age 
 of twenty years, they are compleatly clothed, and a certain fum is 
 given to fet them up in the bufinefs they have learned. In the mid- 
 dle of the court is a noble fountain, and there are feveral infcriptions 
 to the honour of the founders of this excellent inftitution. 
 
 Joining to another court are apartments for the aged and infirm, 
 in which were two hundred and fixty ;;w7, and two hundred and 
 twenty-fix ivomen. Here they find a comfortable' retreat, having 
 
 • Here are marble fcjuares, in which are circular apertures for the interment of 
 thofe that are executed. Round thefe (tones is infcribed, 
 
 " Dominty cum •veneris judicare, 
 " Koli nos condcmiiare.^' 
 
 O Lord, ivhen thou Jhalt come to judge, 
 do not fondemn w, 
 
 clean 
 
ITALY, 49 
 
 clean rooms and a refeftory. I converfed with feme of them, and Rome 
 they appeared happy and thankful. S. Michele. 
 
 Another part of this Hofpital is a prifon for boys oryomig men. 
 Over the door is this Infcription : 
 
 CLEMENS XI. PONT. MAX. 
 
 PERDITIS ADOLESCENTIBUS CORRIGENDIS 
 
 INSTITUENDISQUE 
 
 UT QUI INERTES OBERANT 
 
 INSTRUCTI REIPUBLICiE SERVIANT 
 
 AN. SAL. WDCCIV. PONT. JV. 
 
 Pope Clement XL 
 
 For the corre£lion and infiru5lion 
 
 Of profligate youth : 
 
 'That they, who when idle, were injurious,, 
 
 When inftru£fed, might be ujeful^ 
 
 To the State. 
 
 1704. 
 
 In the room is infcribed the following admirable fentence, in which 
 the grand purpofe of all civil policy relative to criminals is exprefled. 
 
 PARUM EST 
 COERCERE IMPROBOS 
 
 POENA 
 
 NISI PROBOS EFFICIAS 
 
 DISCIPLINA. 
 
 // is of little advantage 
 
 To refrain the Bad 
 
 By Funifloment, 
 
 Unlefs you render them Good 
 
 By Difcipline. 
 
 G Here 
 
so 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Rome Here were fifty hoys fpinning, and in the middle of the room. * 
 
 S.Mich EL E. an infcription hung up, 
 
 S I L E N T I U M. 
 
 In this hofpital is a room alfo for women. On the outfide is an 
 infcription, expreffing, that it was eredted by Clement XII. in 1735, 
 for rejlraining the Ucentioujnejs and piiniJJnng the crimes of women. 
 
 There are in Rome many hofpitals for the fick, but they were in 
 general crowded, yet none of them had more than one patient in a 
 bed. In the great hofpital of San Spirito in Sajfia, f there were, 
 the firfl: time I vifited it, a thoufand and fifteen patients; the fecond 
 time, eleven hundred and three, if 
 
 The hofpital of 6'. Gio Laterano was alfo crowded and ofFenfive j 
 and that of S, Giacomo degl' Incurabili was worfe : § but that called 
 
 • This room being different from any I had before feen, I had a plan taken, 
 which may give a clearer idea of it thaa a verbal defcription would do. 
 
 f Formerly many nations founded hofpitals in this city. This was founded by 
 one cf our Saxon king?. Some others continue to the prefent time entirely national, 
 as the Milaneji, Florentine, and Spanijh hofpitals. 
 
 t Here is n ft air cafe remarkable for its afcent being very eafy, for valetudinarians, 
 and for carrying up the fick in a kind of chairs or cnclofed beds. It is feven feet wide, 
 and has a rail on each fide. Every Hep is an inclined plane of three inches afcent, 
 one foot eight inches wide, and the rife from one ftep to another is only three inches. 
 Thefe fteps are of bricks, fet edgeways, and fronted with ftone. 
 
 % Indeed I faw the hofpitals under great difadvantages, it being a very fickly 
 time, occafioned by the long continuance of drought, and the extraordinary heats of 
 the fummer 1778. 
 
 Benfratelli, 
 
J Stuitd //v-m. t. 
 
 3 Wbo(/e7t Jtai\ 
 
 i 
 
 4 A Ihu,n/uifi 
 
 5 T/te Ha/l 
 
 6 J3 encAe^ u^t-i/i 
 
 7 A /ait/f TV/ 
 S TAe Altar 
 
 20 TA^ Ac^^Hi?ita?t^ Room 
 Jl Zoc{<j/?ta Jtotrjiu 
 
 14 Sfa/r (}zt^j toTrur?u 
 
 l^ ASrna// Ito(>??/ 
 
 if Hee/nj /'cv /tu/ &t. 
 
• 
 
 1 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
 i 
 
 # 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 '< 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 l1 
 1^1 
 
 .-^ 
 
 
 <3 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 I 
 
A 
 
 51 
 
 VECCHIA. 
 
 Btnfratelliy that for the Florentines, that of S. Maria della Confola- Rome 
 zione* were clean, and perfeflly free from any ofFenfive fcents. In Hospitals. 
 this laft-mentioned hofpital, no patients are received except fuch as 
 have wounds or fraftures. The Gallicano, another hofpital in this 
 City, is folely for cutaiteous diforders. 
 
 Before we take our leave 6? Rome, it may be proper juft to men- 
 tion the Hofpital for pilgrims and convalejcents. Recovering patients, 
 when difmifled from the other hofpitals, may enter into this, and 
 refide here three days, lodge in airy wards, dine in the refedtory, and 
 be well attended. 
 
 The Pope's galleys are at Civita-vecchia. Theflaves condemned to ' Civita- 
 them are confined for different terms, according to the nature of their 
 crimes : but the fliorteft time is three years for vagabonds, who are 
 generally employed on board the pontons in clearing the harbour. 
 For theft, the term is never under feven years. Perfons convi6led 
 of forgery are always confined for life; and if found guilty of forg- 
 ing bank-notes, or any inftruments by which large fums have been 
 loft, they are punifhed with an iron glove. Prifoners for life are 
 chained two and two together : thofe for limited terms have all a fingle 
 chain, and, at their firft arrival, of the fame weight ; but when they 
 have no more than one or two years to ferve, they have only a ring 
 
 • At night, two chains are put acrofs the ftreet over-againft this hofpital, by an 
 order of Pope Alexander VII. in 1661, for the purpofe elegantly exprefTed in the 
 infcription, 
 
 Ne pristereunte Jlrepitu ^ies Arnica Jlleniii 
 Omnino ab ttgrotaniibus exularet, 
 
 G 2 round 
 
5i 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 VECCHIA. 
 
 CiviTA- round their leg, which is leflened as the end of their term approaches. 
 For efcapes, they are obliged to finifh their^r/? condemnation, and 
 then receive a frefli one for the fame time as the former; but if 
 the firft was for life, the fame is renewed, and they receive from 
 a hundred to two hundred lafhes a day, for three days after their 
 arrival. None are Jent to the galleys under the age of twenty : cri- 
 minals of a younger age are kept at the hofpital of S. Michele in 
 Rome till they are of age ; and are there employed in fpinning, and 
 fed on bread and water. 
 
 The allowance to each flave is three pounds of bread a day; and 
 fifty-five pounds of beans or calavances to each galley, with which 
 they generally make a kind of fotip once in two or three days, and 
 they are allowed two pound and a half of oil to boil with their beans. 
 At Eajler, Chrijimas, and Carnival, they are allowed one pound of 
 beef and half a pint of wine a man, and twenty-five pounds of rice to 
 a galley. 
 
 For their cloathing, they have once in two years, a ftriped 
 woollen frtpo//o and waiftcoat, two fhirts, two pair of canvafs breeches, 
 and a woollen cap ; and every year, two feet and a half of woollen 
 cloth to wrap round their legs inftead of ftockings.* 
 
 Tnzjlaves here are conftantly employed, and have what they earn 
 for thcmfelvcs, being paid according to their abilities and the nature 
 
 • The yearly expenfe of each flave for maintenance, cloathing, and chains, is 
 computed at fifteen Benton rz-cwn; and eighty-feven ^t]/'ca, about j^3 : 13 : 9. 
 
 At the time of my being at C/W/a-o'^ffit/fl, three of the galleys were out on a 
 cruize, and two only remained. Through the whole night there was great filence, 
 though about four hundred were chained in each of the galleys. 
 
 of 
 
Y. 
 
 S3 
 
 of their work. For Jawing in the arfenal, they are paid two pence Civita- 
 a day each j tor working as mafons, twopence halfpenny; for car- 
 rying ftones and mortar, only a penny. Such as work at the can- 
 vafs and callico mannfaiiories are paid from two pence to eight 
 pence, according to the quality of the work, &c. At the public 
 works they are allowed an hour for dinner, and in fummer-time an 
 hour for breakfafl.* 
 
 Here is a fpacious hofpital onjhore for the flaves. None were in 
 irons. All was clean. In the centre of the great room in this hof- 
 pital was an altar for public worlTiip. A particular room was appro- 
 priated for fuch as had cutaneous diforders, and another for con- 
 Jtimftive patients.f 
 
 The principal prifon in the great and populous city of Naples:}: Naples. 
 is La Vicaria, under the courts of juflice. It contained when I was 
 there, according to the gaoler's account, nine hundred and eighty pri- 
 foners. In about eight large rooms communicating with one another, 
 there were five hundred and forty fickly objefts, who had accefs to a 
 
 * For the preceding account I am indebted to our countryman Mr. Dcnham, who 
 has the fuperintendence of the Pope's galleys. 
 
 f In this country, the phyficians are perfuaded that the confumption is a contagious 
 diforder. Patients afflifted with it in hofpitals have a feparate ward. The fame pre- 
 cautions are ufed to prevent infeftion as in the plague. When this diforder has been 
 in private houfes, the furniture is removed, and the rooms are fcraped and fumi- 
 gated, before they are again inhabited. 
 
 J An account is taken every year of the inhabitants of this city; and at Barter 
 1777, their number was 350,061 ; of whom 164,545 were males, and 160,071 fe- 
 males, befides 330J priefts, 4231 monks, and 6311 nuns. 
 
 court 
 
54 APPENDIX. 
 
 Naples. court furounded by buildings fo high as to prevent the circulation 
 of air. In this court was a recefs, under arcades like thofe under the 
 chapel at Newgate. Some of the prifoners were employed in knitting, 
 and others in making fhoes, but moft of them were entirely without 
 employment. In fix chambers, which opened into a fpacious hall, 
 were many beds for fuch as could pay for them. Adjoining was a 
 chapel, and an airy infirmary for the whole prifon.* In {even clofe 
 offenfive rooms were thirty-one prifoners, almoft without cloaths on 
 account of the great heat : and in fix dirty rooms communicating 
 with one another were fifty women. Of all the prifoners, one man 
 only was in irons, in a dungeon, near a fmall chapel which is allotted 
 to the condemned before execution. 
 
 The bread was good : the daily allowance to each was twenty-two 
 ounces. 
 
 There were three other prifcns : one contained eighty prifoners, 
 another near fixty, the other but eleven. 
 
 Galleys. The galleys were moored about ten feet from the fliore. In the 
 
 frji were two hundred and fixty flaves ; in tbt/eco?id, two hundred 
 
 and ninety-eight ; in the third, two hundred and feventy ; and in the 
 fourth, four hundred ; mod of them flout and healthy. All were 
 
 chained two and two together. Their bread was hard, but fweet. 
 
 • There were /cr/y pcrfons in this infirmary, in (ingle beds, with llieets, 
 coverlids, &c. 
 
 In vifiting the prifons of Italy, I obferved, that in general great attention was 
 paid to the fick ; but I could not avoid remarking, that too little care was taken to 
 prevent ficknefs. 
 
 From the heat of the climate, one might imagine the gaol/ever would be very 
 likely to prevail ; but I did not find it in any of the prifons. 
 
 About 
 
I T A L Y. 
 
 About twenty-fix ounces a day was allowed thenri ; and when em- N^i 
 ployed in the arfenal and other public works, they have an extraordi- 
 nary allowance of near a penny a day. After efcapes, if they are 
 retaken, their whole term is doubled. Each galley has a chaplain,. 
 and public worfhip on Sundays and Holidays. 
 
 In the Serraglio, or great alms-houfe,* there were about five hun- 
 dred and fifty prifoners condannati in eight or nine rooms. Many of 
 them work as labourers on this great building, with chains varying 
 according to the terms of their confinement ; and have the extra al- 
 lowance juft mentioned, with five ounces of flour for foup. In thefe 
 rooms were fhoemakers at work, as in fome of the galleys -, but mofl 
 of the prifoners had no employment.! 
 
 This great building is to be a receptacle for the aged and infirm; 
 and for beggars and idle perfons. There is a great number of the 
 former in fome rooms that are finifhed, and which have windows into 
 a court, where they were digging a foundation for a very large 
 church, by which the numerous inhabitants will be deprived of the 
 falutary effefts of the circulation of air. 
 
 The galley flaves have an hofpital on ih^JhoreX fronting the bay, 
 entirely appropriated to them and their guards. It has four or five 
 
 • The front of this building already extends near thirteen hundred feet, and pro- 
 bably it will be enlarged. 
 
 f As no regular plan had been fettled for the employment of thefe flaves, the king 
 lately made a prefent of three hundred of fuch of them as had been condemned for 
 life to the Malle/e. 
 
 J On my telling the furgeon, that in fome countries apart of each galley is made 
 
 an hofpital; he replied, " that muft foon make the vjhole an hofpital." 
 
 fpacious 
 
 55 
 
56 APPENDIX. 
 
 Naples, fpacious and airy wards, cleaner than moft of the other hofpitals in 
 this city. One of thefe rooms is only for the guard of the marine. 
 The patients are diftinguiflied into three clafiesj fick — very ill — and 
 recovering. Great attention is paid to them : and they are allowed 
 good bread in fufficient quantity. 
 
 Hospitals. The great and crowded hofpitals of 6'. Apoftoli and JJ Annunziazione, 
 have wards appropriated to the cure of wounded perfons.* 
 
 The hofpital of the Benfratdliy or S, Gio. di Dio, is clean and 
 elegant. It confifts chiefly of one lofty ward,f at one end of which 
 is an altar and a room for poor priefts, and at the other end a table on 
 which were placed the patients viftuals. Near this table was infcribed 
 a reference to the appofite words of Scripture, Maiihew xxv. ;^^, 2^' 
 For I was an bungred, and yc gave me meat : i£c. 
 
 * The frequency of aflaults and afraffinatlons in Italy is generally known. 
 Many of the common people feem to be infenfible of the atrocioufnefs of the crime 
 of murder. I have heard criminals in prifon exprefs, with feeming fatisfaflion 
 of mind, " that though they ftabbed, they did not rob." If we confider that wards 
 and even hofpitals appropriated to the wounded are filled with patients, that the 
 prifons are crowded, and that many are continually taking refuge on the fteps of 
 churches, and examine our accounts in Janjfen's Lijls and the Judges' Returns, we 
 may reckon that there are more murders committed in a year in the city oi Naples or 
 Rome, than in Great Britain and Ireland. Does not this prove that the Engli/h are 
 not naturally cruel ? And might not arguments be derived from hence, for the re- 
 vifal and repeal of fome of our fanguinary laws f The Marquis Beccaria jullly re- 
 marks, in his EJfay on Crimes and Punijhtnents, chap. 28. " That the punifliment of 
 " death is pernicious to fociety, from the example of barbarity it affords." 
 
 f In many of the Italian hofpitals, and in all that I have fcen belonging to this 
 order of friars, there are no rooms over the fick wards, fo that tiiey are as lofty as 
 cur churches or chapels. 
 
 At 
 
Y. 
 
 57 
 
 At Lucca, they formerly fold their condannati to the Genoeje or Lucc/i. 
 Venetians, but now they keep them in prifon without any em- 
 ployment. 
 
 At Genoa, befides a prifon for debtors, and a prifon (or female cri- Genoa. 
 minals, there is a great prifon for male criminals, confiding of thirty-five 
 rooms. I faw none of the prifoners in irons. Their daily allowance 
 Was thirteen ounces of good wheaten bread for each. To this prifon 
 belongs an hofpical and a chapel, with a large room to which the 
 condemned are brought four days before their execution. — The in- 
 ftruftions formed for this prifon by the Jupremejyndics, are hung up 
 in it, and contain good regulations, as will appear from the follow- 
 ing account of a few of them. 
 
 The keeper fhall have under him fix affi Hants : — and the faid 
 keeper is to be refponfible, and liable to punifliment, if any of the 
 affiflants fhall be guilty of the leafl fraud or negledl in their employ- 
 ment. — The advocate fifcal is once a week, at any time he fliall think 
 proper (but ivhen he is leaji expeSled) to vifit the cells of the prifon, 
 and to enquire diligently how the prifoners are treated by the keeper 
 and affiflants, in order to give information to the mo?i Jerene fenate, 
 &c. — When any prifoner is condemned to death, he is immediately 
 to be put into chains. — The keeper is always to keep the chapel fhut, 
 except at the time of celebrating mafs, confefTion, or adminijlering 
 conjolation to the unhappy. — He is alfo to take care that the prifoners 
 do not play at any games, particularly cards. The lafl order is, that 
 this table of regulations be fixed up in the criminal court of juflice, 
 in the chancery, and in the apartments of the criminals. 
 
 In one o( the. galleys jufl returned from conveying fome nobleinen Gallevs. 
 to their country feats, I found about three hundred flout fellows, 
 
 H clean 
 
58 APPENDIX. 
 
 Genoa clean and healthy: for the old and infirm had been left in the galleys 
 Galleys, at home, of which there were only two, the other two being out on 
 a cruize. 
 
 The hofpital for the galleys is on Jhore, and in it are hung up 
 the regulations, which confift chiefly of fuch orders as the following : 
 
 That five fuperintendents fhall be appointed by the magiftrates, 
 who every month fhall draw lots, to determine which of the galleys 
 they are to infpeft. — That exadt lifts of the crews, and of the fick in 
 the infirmary, with an account of the time of their admiflion, Ihall be 
 taken and kept, with the affiftance of the phyfician, chaplain, and 
 furgeon. — That the fecretary fhall keep a regifter of all things necef- 
 fary to be provided ; bread, wine, meat, peafe, beans, rice, &c. &c. 
 —That four caldrons of broth fhall be allowed weekly to a galley, 
 befides kettles of broth ftatedly given them in the three winter months. 
 ■ — That when the fuperintendents difcontinue the allowance of meat, 
 cheefe, oil, and ftockfilh, the chaplain Ihall fee that each of the flaves 
 be ferved daily with half a pint of wine. — That the phyficians fhall 
 keep exadt accounts of their orders of meat, wine, paftry, &c. — That 
 the captains and midfhipmen fhall take care that all the regulations 
 be exactly obferved. 
 
 Hospital. In \}n.z great hofpital there were about three hundred men and fix 
 hundred women. All fick perfons of any nation are admitted into itj 
 and it is one of the befl and leaft offenfive of the public hofpitals of 
 Italy. Here was a room and ward (or foundlings, crowded and clofe; 
 and the poor infants were cruelly bound hands and feet with 
 bandages. 
 
 There 
 
ITALY. 59 
 
 There were alfo in this hofpital apartments for the infane. Thefe Genoa 
 apartments were clofe and dirty ; and the calm and quiet, I found in- Hospitals. 
 humanly confined in the fame room with the noify and turbulent. 
 
 The Albergo hofpital, fituated on an eminence within fight of the 
 harbour, is an afylum for boys and girls. There were in it a hun- 
 dred and feventeen of the former, and four hundred and eighty-two 
 of the latter. It is fomething fimilar to the noble and well-regulated 
 hofpital o? San Michele at Rome. Over the door of the great room, 
 where numbers were fpinning and weaving, is this infcription : 
 
 Silentium et Obedientia. 
 
 In Milan, befides the great prifon in which are twenty Jecrete Milan. 
 chambers;* — the prifon for debtorsjf &c. — there are two p-i/ons 
 called JJArgaJlro, and La Cqfa di Correzione, which do honour to the 
 country. Both are for criminals, condemned either for a term of 
 years, or for life. The moji atrocious, work in chains in the ftreets j 
 the others only in the houfe. 
 
 * The general fize of thefe rooms is eleven feet by twelve to fifteen. In fome 
 were only one or two perfons, but in others fix or eight : the windows are towards a 
 high wall eleven feet diftant. Thefe are fome of the ftrongell and moil retired rooms 
 in the Italian prifons, which the moll atrocious oft'enders, and thofe who are imprifoned 
 for life, are confined. They are inacceffible but by a fpecial order. The entrance is 
 guarded by two doors, between which is a narrow fpace, juft fufficient to admit two 
 perfons. Into this you are locked before the turnkey opens the inner door, for fear 
 thefe defperate criminals Ihould attempt to rufh out and murder the keeper for the 
 keys. 
 
 + In this great trading city, there were only four perfons confined for debt. 
 
 Hi In 
 
TION. 
 
 60 APPENDIX. 
 
 Milan Ijj L'ArgaJlro there were three hundred and fifty-nine prifoners, 
 
 House healthy and ftrong. A confiderable number of them were at work in 
 
 CoRREC- public:* but in the houfe there were at work fhoe-makers, taylors, 
 
 fmiths, wheelwrights, cabinet-makers, turners, nailers, rope-makers, 
 
 leather-drefTers, painters on gauze, fpinners and weavers. In one 
 
 room eleven looms were employed, f 
 
 Their dormitory is a fpacious room, with three ftages in it on 
 which they lie. In the centre of the cieling are four large apertures 
 and fixteen fmall ones. J 
 
 There is a large court and a pump, and running water for wafliing§ 
 the linen of the prifoners, which they fhift once a week. The daily 
 allowance to each is thirty-five ounces of good bread, || and a me(s of 
 good vegetable foup. They have two hours for dinner and repofe. 
 
 , • They water the ftreets and public walks (at the expenfe of the city) there 
 being nineteen fmall four-wheeled waggons for that purpofe; fix men draw, and one 
 attends behind chained. Others repair the pavements, &c. 
 
 •f Many learn feveral trades ; fo that there is a probability, that when their term 
 is finilhed, they will become uj'eful members of fociety ; which fhould be the grand 
 objeil in all fuch houfes. They receive for themfelves one third of what they earn, 
 and tivo thirds go to the houfe. 
 
 X A PRISONER, whofe employment was drawing defigns and patterns, gave me a 
 plan of the rooms and courts in this prifon. 
 
 § I OBSERVED to one of the prifoners that they were cleaner than moft working 
 men : he replied, " or elfe the confinement would be intolerable." 
 
 II One loaf was equal to the daily allowance of two prifoners, and it was divided 
 into two equal parts with an engine, and each received his own portion every day. 
 
 All 
 
ITALY. 6i 
 
 All had a chain to each leg. If any efcape and are retaken, the Milan. 
 whole term is renewed, and half as much more 
 
 In this houfe there is an hofpital, a chapel, and an apartment for 
 the chaplain. 
 
 The Caja di Correzione is now building, on a noble and fpacious House 
 plan.* The dormitory and the work-rooms for the men are finiflied Correc- 
 and occupied. t In one of thefe work-rooms there were forty looms tion. 
 employed weaving linen, cotton, and diaper : in which alfo, and in 
 two others opening into it, were warping and twijiing-mills, and wind- 
 ing-wheels. Under thefe was a calendar : and fome were employed in 
 beating (not carding) cotton. In a detached temporary building I 
 faw a prifoner employed in weaving gauze; who (as I conjedlured 
 from the great refort to him) was reckoned curious in this art. "With 
 the afiSftance of fome whom he employed, he kept four looms at 
 work. Other prifoners were bleaching the cloth manufaftured in the 
 houfe. And fome were employed as labourers and mafons in this 
 great building. 
 
 Over the work-rooms is the great hall or dormitory, the room for 
 boys, and the infirmary. The dormitory is lightfome, airy and clean, 
 and appears evidently to be an improvement on that o( San Michele at 
 
 * The Count de Firmian, governor oi LomharJy, whofe amiable charafter is well 
 known to our Englijh travellers, not only honoured me with the plan, but favoured 
 me with every advantage for examining the prifons. 
 
 f The two work-rooms for the women, (juft finilhed) are large and lofty, and in 
 each there are five large windows, placed high above the floor. At one corner of 
 thefe rooms are Hone bafons, with water laid in to them. 
 
 Rome. 
 
62 APPENDIX. 
 
 Milan. Rome* It confifts of a great room, (one hundred and twenty-four 
 feet by thirty-one) f near the end of which there is an altar with a 
 cupola over it : on one fide of the altar is the dormitory for boys, 
 and on the other the infirmary ; and all together make the figure of a 
 crofs, which is the form of many hofpitals in Italy and other Roman 
 Catholic countries. 
 
 There were near three hundred prifoners in this lioufe ; twenty of 
 whom were chained to two benches in the dormitory, but at the fame 
 time employed in fpinning, making and mending clothes. There are 
 two or three rooms, adjoining thofe in which they work, occupied as 
 warehoufes. All the prifoners work in irons. 
 
 Hospital. In vifiting the great hojpital, my expediations, which had been too 
 much raifed by the accounts of travellers, were difappointed. Moft 
 of the wards are on the ground floor and not lofty, as there are rooms 
 over them. They arc alio dirty and ofFenfive, though provided with 
 fpacious drains. They have a middle row of beds, and in many of 
 the beds were two perfons : but care was taken to feparate the pati- 
 ents in fevers from thofe who were attended by furgeons. J 
 
 • I THEREFORE infert the plan of this alfo. 
 
 f On each fide of the hall are three (lone galleries, two feet eight inches wide, with 
 iron rails. The chambers are all numbered, amounting to one hundred and twenty : 
 thcfe are all fimilar, nine feet two inches by eight feet two ; they have one window out- 
 ward, three feet by two : and one towards the great room, two feet five inches by 
 one foot five : they are furnilhed with a bed and bedding, a llool, and a vault. In 
 the infirmary, and the dormitory for boys, as well as in the great hall, there were 
 ftone finks and water laid in. 
 
 X Most of the chirurgical patients had been wounded in fudden quarrels or 
 
 aflauits. 
 
 The 
 
Jza La^j^/ a/ /^o ^y/a. 
 
 U///Jf O/ 
 
 
 
^ 
 
ITALY. 63 
 
 The hofpital of S. Gio di Dio exhibits that cleanlinefs and attenti- Milan 
 on, wliich this fraternity always difcovers. Hospitals. 
 
 In the hofpital for orphans called La Stella, the work and bed rooms 
 were fpacious, neat and agreeable. There were three hundred girls 
 in it } whofe employment was making lace on round pi'lows. * 
 
 In the prifon at the Citadel of Tukin there were one hundred and Turin 
 feventy in irons J fome had the half-chain, others were chained two Citadel. 
 and two together. Thefe prifoners continue always unemployed, till 
 they are fent to the galleys at Villa-Franca. Their unhealthy counte- 
 nances plainly fhewed the little attention paid to them. — In this 
 prifon there was a chamber for convalefcents, who not being fit for 
 labour, are continued here forty days before they are fent to the galleys. 
 
 In the great hofpital of San. Giovanni there were a multitude of old Hospitals, 
 men and women, whofe apartments had a very improper communi- 
 cation with the wards of the fick and dying. 
 
 In the hofpital of La Carita, there were about two thoufand inha- 
 bitants, moftly boys and girls. 
 
 Here alfo is an hofpital for lunaiicks, where with pain, I faw 
 wards crowded with beds, and in fome of them miferable creatures 
 chained and ravins. 
 
 '&• 
 
 At Chamberry I found that the falutary praftice of wafliing the Cham- 
 
 BER.RV. 
 
 prifon was adopted. Befides the ftated allowance of good bread, the 
 
 • I WISHED them a more healthy employment, and that they had ufed t)\e/quare 
 pillows of Flaniieis ; for conftantly (looping mull be prejudicial. Such as are thus 
 employed are generally of a pale and fickly complexion, 
 
 prifoners 
 
64 APPENDIX. 
 
 Turin. prifoners are often fupplied with bread and foup, and in winter with 
 clothes and coverlids, by a charitable fociety of ladies. In one of the 
 rooms I faw chains ; but was told they had not been ufed fince the 
 walls had been built high. A difmal torture chamber, into which 
 day-light never enters, makes a part of this prifon. 
 
 Geneva. At Geneva I revifited the prifon which was formerly the bilhop's 
 
 palace. There were in ir two debtors, and five other prifuners ; to 
 whom great attention was paid, as they were then laying new floors, 
 left the rooms fliould be damp and injurious to their health. * 
 
 In the hou/e of correSfion there were no prifoners. 
 
 SWITZERLAND. 
 
 In entering Switzerland from Geneva, a traveller will be furpri- 
 fed to meet frequently with a gibbet on the road, if he be not in- 
 formed that almoft every fetgneuric or bailiwick has a prifon, and 
 pofTefles the power of trying criminals and capitally convidting them. 
 I vifited one of thefe prifons. It belonged to Mr. Baron de Prangins, 
 
 •I HOPED to have found here no torture chambers, but I had only the pleafure 
 to hear that none had fuffered in them thefe twenty five years. They are thus re- 
 ftrained by the thirty fecond article in the Rcgkment de Villujire Mediation pour la fa- 
 cif cation des troubles de la Refublique de Geneve, publiftied in 1738, " Les accu/es et 
 " ciiminels ne pourront lire appliques a la ^ejlion ou Torture, que prealabkment ils n'ayeut 
 " etiparjugement definitif, condamnes a mort." 
 
 and 
 
SWITZERLAND. 65 
 
 and confifted of four rooms at the top of his caftle. * It was empty : 
 and this is commonly the cafe with the prifons in this country, in 
 confequence of the virtuous education and induftry of the inhabitants. 
 
 At Fr^'^arj;- there were no prifoners except a few in the houfe of Freyburc. 
 correftion. The men convids are employed abroad in cleaning the 
 ftreets, &c. 
 
 There were none confined in all the prifons at Bern, except in the Bern. 
 two houfes of corredion. In that for the city, the men and women 
 were fpinning. In the other, called the Scallenhaus, there were a 
 hundred men and forty-one women, who were in feparate apart- 
 ments, and three different rooms afTigned to each fex according to 
 their different crimes and the terms for which they were condemned, f 
 They were all employed either in the houfe or abroad, except fifteen, 
 who feemed miferable for want of employment. J 
 
 * I OBSERVED the fame thing at the caftle in the ille o^ Gorgona in Italy, where 
 were two rooms at the top of the building for prifons. This is different from the 
 ancient cruel mode of confining prifoners in pits and dungeons of caftles. 
 
 f An old keeper having left the door of one of the men's wards unlocked, twelve 
 prifoners forced the outer door and walked oft". The people, who happened to fee 
 them, fufFering them to pafs, becaufe they fuppofed they were going to work in the 
 ftreets. When four or five of them fome time after were retaken and carried to their 
 old lodgings, the magiftrates ordered that they fhould not le pumped, confidering that 
 every one muft be defirous of gaining liberty. As they had not been guilty of aflault 
 or violence in making their efcape, the pUnifhment fell on the keeper- for his negligence. 
 
 t Wh ere the crimes are of fuch a nature as to allow or require indulgence, it ihould 
 be given them by Ihortening their term of confinement, or in fome other way, inftead 
 cf allowing them to be idle. I have feen this falfe indulgence to prifoners in feveral 
 places. 
 
 I Some 
 
66 APPENDIX. 
 
 Bern Some of the women were employed in fpinning. I law them bring 
 
 House in their week's work, and after it was examined, receive twenty-feven 
 
 OF 
 
 CoRREc- pounds of flax for the following week. At that time fome of the 
 ^'°'" town's people came and purchafed the flax that had been fpun, and 
 paid for it to an inJpeSior who lives near the prifon. 
 
 As the employment of the male convid:s out of doors is here 
 fomewhat. fimilar to that at Milan, I give a rpprert'ntatinn nf it from 
 a draught taken by a painter in this city; I have alfo given a 
 view of the employment of the women, though I deteft the cuf- 
 tom of daily expofing that fex to fuch ignominy and feverity, unlefs 
 when they are totally abandoned, and have lofl: all the fofter 
 feelings of their fex.* 
 
 Zurich. At Zurich there is a pri/on, fituated in the middle of the river, 
 
 for capital crimes,! and z. boufe cf correSfion. In the latter, which 
 is convenient and fpacious, there were about fixty prifoners. Nine- 
 
 • Will it need an apology if the mode of publilhing the ajjize of bread in this 
 City be juft mentioned ? It is better than that at Vienna and feveral other cities. In 
 the middle of the window of e'very baker's fliop is hung up in full •uifM, the bill on 
 pafteboard, fpecifying the tveight and price of three different forts of bread, and, at 
 the bottom, that of the fine rclls. The bills are figned by the magiltrates' fecretary. 
 If the price continues the fame the following month, the fecretary notes it on all the 
 bills. I copied one of thefe bills, and purchafed the different forts of bread, which 
 I found to he full, or rather over weight. 
 
 t Here was only one prifoner. The iirft room was for examination; in it were 
 five dilFerentweights for torture, and if we may depend on tradition, the heavieft, which 
 is one hundred and twenty pounds, was ufed in torturing a burgomaller of this city. 
 
 teen 
 
JL:J,:.j.rj,/. 
 
 ♦ yoiJiu: t '/at//<^r /^tun . 
 

 '11' 
 
 
 
 \3 
 
 1 
 
 ■ ^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
^ y(. t /^.As&v g^/. 
 
 / 
 
 t 'Mia^ f /rty^ /'"//• 
 

 
 i 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
GERMANY. 67 
 
 teen of the men worked abroad for the citizens, who paid them for Zurich 
 their work, but not fo much as other labourers. The rell were House 
 fpinning within doors or worliing at fome trade. I obferved one Correc- 
 woman colouring botanical prints. They have a chapel in which '^^°''' 
 they attend divine fervice, and are catechifed every friday. Three 
 times a day, fuch of them as do not work abroad walk under arcades 
 in a large fquare court, during which time, by the advice of one of 
 the phyficians in this city, their rooms are thoroughly aired, the doors 
 and windows being thrown open. They have good bedding j and 
 they are well fupplied with bread and foup every day, but no meat. 
 
 The prifoners on entrance have the houfe clothes, and their own 
 are hung up, with their names, and the time of their commitment, 
 7ioted upon them. 
 
 There were no prifoners at Schaffhau/en, except three in the houfe Schaff- 
 
 - . HAUSEN, 
 
 cf correSlion. 
 
 From Switzerland I returned into Germany., to vifit fome prifons 
 which I had not feen, particularly thofe in thtfree or imperial Cities. 
 
 E R M A N Y. 
 
 AT Augjbiirg, the prifon is on the fide of a hill, at the back of Augsburg. 
 the town-houfe. It confifts of many cachots or fmall rooms on three 
 different floors. There is one for examination, and there are two for the 
 
 I 2 engines 
 
68 APPENDIX. 
 
 Augsburg, engines of torture.* The condemned are brought three days before 
 their execution into two light rooms, which open into a Roman 
 catholic chapel : where, however, if a prifoner be a proteftant, a 
 Lutheran minifter is permitted to attend him. 
 
 The houje of ccrreSfion confifts of buildings on two fides of a 
 fpacious court ; one fide for thofe of the Roman catholic religion, 
 and the other for proteftants, with a chapel for each. The rooms 
 were all clean, and are white-waflied every year. Oppofire to the 
 front windows in moll of the rooms, were high windows, of a femi- 
 circular form, which were defigned for promoting a circulation of air. 
 
 Munich. At Munich or Munchen there are two prifons for criminals. One 
 
 in the town-houfe had in it fix men and two women prifoners.f In 
 a dark damp dungeon down feventeen fteps were the inftruments of 
 torture. 
 
 The other, called La Prifon de la Cour, confided of about fifteen 
 cells, twelve feet by feven, and a black torture-room. J 
 
 In 
 
 * There are alfo two dark dungeons for fuch as have been convifled of witch- 
 craft : but they are in a very ruinous condition, and feem to have been a long time 
 without inhabitants. 
 
 •}• Once a year, viz. oti All-faints day, any perfons are permitted to enter and 
 fee the prifon. There is a cullom fimilar to this in Holland, at the Fair and other 
 fixed times. 
 
 X In this room there is a table covered with black cloth and fringe. Six chairs 
 for the magiltrates and fecretaries covered alfo with black cloth, are elevated two fteps 
 
 above 
 
GERMANY. 6^ 
 
 In the houfe of correElion were about forty men and thirty women ; Munich.. 
 fome weaving wide cloth, but moft of them/pinning. The keeper or- 
 dered his fervant to attend me with charcoal and frankincenfe i a 
 certain fign of negligence and inattention, which the countenances of 
 the prifoners confirmed. 
 
 I WAS agreeably relieved from the pain excited by thefe fcenes. Hospitals. 
 with the view of the two hofpitals of Les Freres and Les Swurs de 
 Charite. In the former were about forty beds ; in the latter, twenty : 
 the wards were about twenty-fix feet wide. All was neat and clean, 
 flill and quiet j and the great attention paid to the patients was every 
 where apparent. I faw the operation of bleeding performed by the 
 vuns with great dexterity and tendernefs. Over the foot of each bed 
 a text of fcripture was infcribed, as in forae Italian hofpitals. 
 
 The prifon at Ratijhon or Regenjhurg is in the town-houfe. Many Ratisbon. 
 of the chambers are airy, and moft of them have ftoves. There are 
 
 above the floor and painted black. Various engines of torture, fome of which are 
 ftained with blood, hang round the room. When the criminals fufFer, the candles 
 are lighted ; for the windows are lliut clofe, to prevent their cries being heard abroad. 
 Two crucifixes are prcfented to the view of the unhappy objefts. But it is too (hock- 
 ing to relate their different modes of cruelty. Even women are not fpared. — This 
 room fecms very much like the torture-room in Spain, defcribcd in Limborch's Hijiory of 
 the Inqidjjtkn tranflated by Ckundkr, vol. II. p. 221, 410. edit. " It was a large under- 
 " ground room, arched, and the walls covered with black hangings. The candle- 
 " Hicks were f.iftened to the wall, and the whole room enlightned with candles placed 
 " in them. — The inquifitor and notary fat at a table, fo that the place feemed as the 
 " very manfion of death, every thing appearing fo terrible and awful." 
 
 no 
 
70 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Ratisbon. no dungeons, but three dark cellars for torture, at which two fena- 
 tors, their fecretary, and the hangman with his valets affift. At Mu- 
 ttich and fome other places, a furgeon alfo attends ; but I heard of no 
 fuch cuftom here. 
 
 At the back of the orphan-houfe is the hai/e of correElion, in 
 which were only two women. 
 
 NuREN- -A-T Nurenhurg the pri/bn is under the towrt*houfe. There are fif- 
 
 BURc. jggj^ f^gpg (jown to the goaler's kitchen. The apertures for admitting 
 light into the paflages of the dungeons are level with the ground. 
 This is one of the worfl prifons I ever faw. The dark unhealthy 
 dungeons, and the difmal torture-chamber,* do no honour to the 
 magiftracy of this city. — The goaler makes ufe of a low trick to pre- 
 vent the efcape of liis prifoners, by terrifying them with the appre- 
 henfions of falling under the power of witches, f 
 
 In one of the city-towers in which lunatics are confined, there are 
 three or four rooms for criminals of higher rank. 
 
 • In this chamber on the wall is infcribed a gingling verfe, which I here infert, 
 as perhaps no traveller but niyfclf has ever feen it : 
 
 Ad mala pat rat a, funt atra theatra par at a. 1753. 
 
 t In feveral of the German gaols there are dungeons for thofe that are guilty of 
 witchcraft, but they feem to have been long difufed : and 1 hope increafing light 
 &nd good fcnfe will foon iotirely banifli the fears of witches, and confequently the 
 luitchei them/elvet. 
 
 The 
 
GERMANY. 
 
 71 
 
 BURG. 
 
 The prifoners in ih&houfe of correSlion* were employed in grinding Nuren- 
 fpeftacle-glafles. The furplus of what they earn above forty creutzers 
 or eighteen pence a week each, they are allowed for themfelves.f Some 
 of the women were working gold and filver lace on cufliions. 
 
 BACH. 
 
 At Schxvabachy in the margraviate o^ Anfpach, is a large hotife of Schwa- 
 correilion, in which were ninety-three prifoners. Some men here alfo 
 were grinding glafles in two large rooms, and others, in different a- 
 partments, were employed in polifhing fteel buttons for clothes, wire- 
 drawing, and making fpinning wheels : and I was informed that 
 twelve were at work on the road. The women were fpinning. 
 
 This houfe was clean and well regulated. The goaler readily 
 fupplied me with a book containing an account of the regulations, 
 &c. ; in which are fome liberal and fenfible remarks that appear worth 
 tranfcribing. 
 
 * Over the gate of the houfe is this infcriptlon : 
 
 Hie criminum frequentia 
 Mortalium dementia 
 Compefcitur dementia 
 Salva fori fententia. 
 
 f The men grind feyen glafles in each hand. Some grind four hundred in a week, 
 by which they earn (ihy-two creutzers at thirteen for a hundred, and confequently each 
 earns for himfelf twelve creutzers a week. 
 
 That this is a very unhealthy bufinefs is evident from the countenances of thofe 
 whom I faw thus employed, and from the difagreeable fenfations I always received 
 from the duft in the rooms where they were grinding. The medical gentlemen 
 prefcribe bleeding and phyfick to thefe perfons, two or three times a year. 
 
 It 
 
72 APPENDIX. 
 
 Schwa- It is obferved, " that there is great error in expecfting that a houfe of 
 
 BACH 
 
 House 
 
 OF 
 
 Correc- 
 tion. 
 
 this kind fhould be able to maintain it/elf; fince with the ftrifteft 
 ceconomy, a confiderahle annual Jum will be found neceflary for its 
 proper fupport." 
 
 The greateft attention to cleanlinefs is inculcated j bathing rooms 
 are provided for the prifoners ; and the expenfe of wajhing for them 
 is reckoned an objedt not to be regarded. 
 
 The neceflity iox fick -wards for both fexes is pointed out. 
 
 It is remarked, " to be a very falfe notion, that a man who lives upon 
 bread and water can work hard and be kept in health ;" accordingly, 
 as will be feen in the table fubjoined, a daily allowance o( hot provifi- 
 ens is ordered for the criminals. 
 
 It is mentioned as an eflential point in order to preferve order and 
 prevent abufcs, " that one of the city magifirates fhould every week in 
 rotation vifit the houfe, and clofely infpect every thing relative to its 
 management." 
 
 Such prifoners as have been publickly whipped are called infameSi 
 and are diltinguifhed from the reft, by having a particular place ap- 
 propriated to them in the chapel, and by being made the laft in re- 
 ceiving the facrament. The chaplain refides in the houfe. The 
 account of the daily allowance* to the prifoners was hung up in the 
 
 dining room. 
 
 In 
 
 • Regulations of the daily hot provifions for thofe prifoners in the houfe of 
 correftion who are fet to hard labour. 
 
 Sundays. In the y«;/;w^/- months, half a pound of beef with half a pint of greens. 
 And in the evening, a pint of foup with eight ounces of bread. 
 
 In the iviiiter months, half a pound of meat with a pint of four krout. 
 And in the evening, a pint of foup with eight ounces of bread. 
 
 Mondays. 
 
GERMANY. 
 
 73 
 
 In a large hoiije of correSlion near Bayreuth, in Franconia, the men Bayreuth. 
 were all working on marble,* which is found in the neighbouring 
 mountains, f Many were employed at the polifhing bench, two on 
 each flab. Others were varioufly engaged, in finifhing, filing, or 
 
 Mondays. Infummer, dumplings of wheaten flour. 
 
 And in 'vjinter, peafe. 
 Tuesdays. In/ummer, peafe and peeled barley. 
 
 In nuhiter, turnips. 
 Wednesdays. In/ummer and ivin/er, boiled millet. 
 Thursdays. In/ummer, butter foup. 
 
 In lainter, fweet cabbage. 
 Fridays. In/ummer, dumplings of wheaten flour. 
 
 In imnter, potatoes, and in the evening, foup with flour. 
 Saturdays. In/ummer, peafe. 
 
 And in wnter, peafe and peeled barley. 
 Further. Unto each of the faid prlfoners in the evenings, butter j and daily two 
 pounds of bread and half a meafure of beer. 
 
 For thofe who zre put lo /light labour the diet is fimilar, except that each has only 
 a pound and half of bread daily, and no butter or beer : and on Mondays and Fridays, 
 they have frumenty gruel, inftead of dumplings. 
 
 To 'vagrants, and thofe who earn their bread hy /light labour, 
 Sundays. Dumplings and foup for fupper. 
 
 Wednesday-g. Millet boiled in milk. 
 
 On the other days, no hot vidluals. 
 
 To each daily, one pound and three quarters of bread. 
 
 * My ingenious friend and colleague. Dr. FothergiU, has propofed a fcheme of 
 this kind for the employment of our convids, and pointed out many of the advantages 
 which might attend the execution. It was printed in the Gazetteer, September 30, 1776. 
 
 t Some fpecimens of feveral forts of the marble I brought home. 
 
 K carving ; 
 
74 APPENDIX. 
 
 Bayreuth carving ; or in cutting proofs or famples at the wheels ; or in working 
 
 ^°"*^ on tobacco-boxes, IhufF-boxcs, &c. A large warehoufe contained 
 
 CoRREc- the goods they had finifhed. In fummerj many of them are 
 
 TION. 
 
 employed in fawing without doors; but in winter, they work in 
 rooms : for were they to attempt this work abroad, a fudden froR 
 might endanger the materials, but would certainly render it impofiiblc 
 to ufe the faw. The pale countenances of the prifoners were a fign 
 that their work was laborious, and that the keeper had the whole 
 profit. 
 
 The women were fpinning worfted, and appeared objects of com- 
 panion. Their dirty rooms, fickly looks, and cutaneous complaints, 
 evidently befpoke inattention and negleft.* 
 
 WuRTs- In the houfe of correflion at Wurtjhurg were fifty-four men and 
 
 thirty-fix women, employed in a well-regulated woollen manufadiory. 
 In one part of the houfe they were fpinningj in another, picking and 
 carding wool; and in another ■> weaving wide cloth for the foIdiers,f and 
 alfo flocking and waiftcoat-pieces. — The women were ail fpinning or 
 carding in one large room. As their fpinning was of various kinds. 
 
 BVRG. 
 
 • I HAVE their book of regulations: but of what advantage are the beft rules 
 when rot enforced ? 
 
 f The wheels were larger than our fpinning- wheels, the diameter being four feet. 
 
 Here, and at mod houfes of this fort, are large looms (fix feet feven inches 
 wide) and two perfons work at each loom. In a warehoufe, the manufafturer 
 (for all fuch houfes have a manufafturer) (hewed me feveral pieces of cloth for the 
 under officers, the artillery, the foldicrs, and the hofpital or poor-houfe. 
 
 tiiere 
 
GERMANY. 
 
 75 
 
 BURG. 
 
 there was a room with cupboards, where each perfon's work was laid Wurts- 
 up feparately. The taflc for each man or woman was eight creutzers, 
 or three pence half-peny, a day. Here is a Roman catholic chapel, 
 and the prieft lives in the houfe* 
 
 At Francfort (on the Maine) there are five prifons. One is for Franc- 
 debtors, where I found only three, who were alimented at ten creutzers, 
 about four pence, a day, payable by their creditors. 
 
 The prifon called La Tour de Ste. Catharine was empty. Here is 
 a light room, to which criminals are generally brought from 
 the great guard prifon, juft before their execution. The men are 
 hanged, and the women beheaded ; but executions are very rare in 
 this city. 
 
 In the hotife of correSfion (near the work-houfe) were three pri- 
 foners, two women and a man. The man was at work with two 
 or three others in the court, beating to powder a porous ftone, which 
 is worked up with water, and makes, when dry, a hard cement or 
 coat of plafter. The two women were employed in the work-houfe. 
 
 In the tower at Cologn there were no prifoners either for debt or for Cologn. 
 capital offences. In this and many other cities, the magiftrates will 
 not permit a debtor who has no effects to be confined. This city has 
 not the power of executing criminals, but when they are condemned 
 they are delivered up to an high officer of the elector's, and confined in a 
 
 * Roman catholic prifoners are fometimes fent hither from other countries, for 
 their term of confinement, as thofe of a different perfuafion are fent to Bajremh. 
 
 K 2 dungeon 
 
76 APPENDIX. 
 
 CoLOGK. dungeon in his houfe. 1 faw one thus confined when I was here three 
 
 years ago. 
 
 In the houfe o( corre^ion, the men were beating ftone to powder with 
 fmall wooden mallets, as is praftifed at Francfort. — The women were 
 Ipinning, or knitting ftockings. 
 
 Aix-LA- The great prifon at Jix-la-Chapelle was unoccupied. 
 
 Chafelle. 
 
 In the guard prifon near the Mat/on de Ville there were two 
 prifoners ; one of whom was a very old man with irons on his hand, 
 who was confined on fufpicion, and had twice fuffered the torture to 
 force a difcovery of his confederates. 
 
 Executions are not frequent in this city.* Citizens are always 
 executed by decollation, which is performed by the broad fword, as at 
 Hamburghy Bern, &c. and not by a machine, as in fome parts of 
 Italy ; nor by the axe, as in England, Denmark, &c. 
 
 Liege. The two prifons (diftinguiflied by the names of the old and the 
 
 nezv) near La Porte de St. Leonard in Liege, are on the ramparts. — In 
 two rooms of the old prifon I faw fix cages made very ftrong with 
 iron,t four of which were empty. Thefe were difmal places of con- 
 finement ; but I foon found worfe. In defcending deep below ground 
 from the gaoler's apartments, I heard the moans of the miferable 
 
 • In thb and many other cities, the convift knows not of his execution, till three 
 days before the time. Then he is condantly attended by his confeflbr, and indulged 
 in the choice of food. 
 
 + The dimenfions were feven feet by fix feet nine inches, and fix feet and a half 
 high. On one fide was an aperture of fix inches by four, for giving in the vifluals. 
 
 wretches 
 
 t 
 
GERMANY. 77. 
 
 wretches in the dark dungeons. The fides and roof were all Liece. 
 ftone. In wet weather, water from the fojfb gets into them, 
 and has greatly damaged the floors. Each of them had two fmaU 
 apertures, one for admitting air, and the other, with a fhutter 
 over it ftrongly bolted, for putting in food for the prifoners. One 
 dungeon larger than the reft was appropriated to the fick. In 
 looking into this, with a candle, I difcovered a chimney, and felt 
 fome furprize at this little efcape of humanity from the men who con- 
 ftrucfled thefe cells. 
 
 The dungeons in the new prifon are abodes of mifery ftill more 
 Shocking J and confinement in them fo overpowers human nature, as 
 fometimes irrecoverably to take away the fenfes. I heard the cries of 
 the diftrafted as I went down to them. One woman, however, I faw, 
 who (as I was told) had fuftained this horrid confinement forty-feven 
 years without becoming diftracfted. 
 
 The cries of the fufFerers in the torture-chamber may be heard by 
 paflengers without, and guards are placed to prevent them from ftop- 
 ping and liftening. A phyfician and furgeon always attend when the 
 torture is applied ; and on a fignal given by a bell, the gaoler brings 
 in wine, vinegar and water, to prevent the fufferers from expiring. — 
 " The tender mercies of the wicked are cruel'' Thus in the Spanijh in- 
 quifition, the phyfician and furgeon attend to determine the utmoft 
 extremity of fuffering without expiring under the torture.* 
 
 I WILL only add, that in this prifon there are rooms appropriated 
 to prifoners en ■penfton ; that is, to fuch as are confined by the magif- 
 
 * See Chandler\ Tranflation of Limborch' s HiJ}, of thi Inquijition, vol. II. p. 222. 
 
 trates. 
 
7* 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 LiECE. trates, at the defire of their parents, guardians or relations. A 
 fhocking praftice ! which prevails alfo in fome of the neighbouring 
 countries. 
 
 In the Mai/on de Force there were ninety prifoners, ranged in four 
 rooms, and employed in a woollen manufaftory of linings for foldiers 
 clothes. Perfons live in the houfewho well underftand the bufinefs, 
 and inftrufb the prifoners in forting, carding, fpinning, twilling and 
 weaving. None of them were in irons. All had feparate beds, and 
 were fupplied with good rye bread, — meat three times a week, — 
 two quarts of beer, for each, every day, — and foup every other day.* 
 
 N D E R S. 
 
 Brussels. A T BRUSSELS I revifited the prifon La Porte de Halle, which confifts 
 of twenty-four chambers, diftinguifhed by the twenty-four letters of 
 the alphabet, and each prifoner had a feparate room. 
 
 The houje of correSlion is an old building, and the prifoners are foon 
 to be removed to that at Vilforde. They are all employed -, for at 
 
 •The chaplain, who lives in the houTc, favoured me with his company through the 
 work-rooms, lodging-rooms, and the refeftory. He entered into the true fpirit of 
 this inftitution, and lamented the inconvenience of the houfc, as not being built for 
 thdpurpofe to which it is applied. He took notice of the propriety of folitary con- 
 finement for thofe that were riotous and refradlory at their firft coming ; for generally, 
 he faid, " in four or five days they would become very tradtable and fubmiflive." 
 
 prefent 
 
FLANDERS. 75 
 
 prefent they have a careful and attentive keeper. Some tailors and Brussels. 
 fhoe-makers were at work ; but mofl of the men were occupied in 
 the manufadlure of paper-hangings; carving the n:ioulds, grinding 
 the colours, and ftaining the paper. The women prifoners were en- 
 tirely feparated fronn the men, and were employed in making lace> 
 All the prifoners have clean linen every week» 
 
 At Ghent I went over the hou/e of correElion, or LaMaiJon de Force, Ghent. 
 with one of the magiftrates, and found that they were ftili carrying 
 on a well-regulated manufa£tory. There were two hundred and 
 eighty men prifoners, and one hundred and feventeen women. Thefe 
 latter had on the houfe clothes, and were at work. Mod of them 
 were fpinning or knitting, ranged in proper order, attentive and 
 quiet. I was informed that all the prifoners are allowed one fifth of 
 their earnings for themfelves. I brought home fpecimens of the 
 cloth, as I did of the -pa-per from Brujfels -, which I mention, becaufe 
 I know an idea has prevailed, that no manufafture can be carried oa 
 by convidtsto any valuable purpofe. 
 
 In the prifon at Antwerp there are two rooms for citizens; and Antwerp-. 
 up flairs there is a cage, about fix feet and a half fquare, into which 
 criminals are put before the torture. — A criminal, while he fuffers 
 the torture, is cloathed in a long fhirt, has his eyes bound, and a 
 phyfician and furgeon attend him : and when a confeffion is forced 
 from him, and wine has been given him, he is required to fign his 
 confeffion ; and about forty-eight hours afterwards he is executed. 
 
 In a fmall dungeon is a ftone feat like fome I have feen in old 
 prifon towers, in which it is faid that formerly prifoners were Juffo- 
 cated by brimftone, when their families wifhed to avoid the disgrace 
 
 of 
 
t, 
 
 So APPENDIX. 
 
 Antwerp, of a public execution. No perfon here remembers an inftance of 
 this kind ; but about thirty years ago there was a private execution 
 in the prifon. — In this prifon there were only two prifoners. 
 
 OF 
 )RRE 
 
 T 1 N . 
 
 House The river runs under the Hottfe of correnion. At the entrance, on 
 
 OF 
 
 CoRREc- one fide are the keeper's apartments ; on the other, the warehoufe and 
 the roo7n for the magiftrates.* On three fides of a paved court there 
 are thirteen cells for the men, and over them are the rooms for the 
 Komen. On one fide of the court are the young "iVor/ien who are 
 put in by their parents or relations ; and on the other, the criminals. 
 All the 7!!en were employed in fpinning cotton, fo were fome of 
 the women, and the reft in making lace. A pound of cotton at a time 
 is delivered to each ; for fpinning which, thirteen fous f are paid. 
 I found, by the books, that at firft coming, fome did not earn more 
 than feven or e'lght/ous in a week, but foon after they earned from 
 twelve to fourteen. Rye bread (to the value of half a ftiver each 
 meal) and water, is their allowance -, and whatever they have more 
 than this, they are required to pay for out of their earnings. They 
 are obliged to put on clean linen every week, towards walhing which 
 each pays a/ous. The ftoves are heated twice a day, and candles and 
 lamps are provided, at the expenfe of the magiftrates. 
 
 There are three rooms for the ungovernable. One of them has a 
 floor made of triangular pieces of wood a few inches afunder. The 
 prifoner is chained in fuch a manner in the middle of this floor, that 
 he can move but a few fteps j and being allowed no ftioes, whether 
 
 • In foreign iou/es ef correQion there is a room appropriated to the ufe of the regents 
 or magiftrates, that they may the more conveniently infpeft and tranfadl the aifairs 
 of the houfe. 
 
 t A sous is about a half-peny. 
 
 he 
 
FLANDERS. 8i 
 
 he ftands or lies down, he muft be in a very uneafy poflure. — This Antwerp 
 roonti therefore is dreaded by the prifoners. The other rooms are House 
 
 ^ '■ OF 
 
 abodes fo dark and folitary as to be almofl: equally dreadful. Correc- 
 
 tion. 
 The men are never fufFered to go out, except on Sundays and other 
 
 holidays, when they go to the chapel, in which they have feats below. 
 
 The women fit in a gallery with a lattice of wood before them. Here, 
 
 and alfo in the prifon, a table oi regulations is hung up, which is read 
 
 in public by the chaplain the firft Sunday after the entrance of every 
 
 prifoner. — Thefe regulations confift of thirty-fix articles, from which 
 
 I have taken the following extradts. 
 
 The prifoners muft be lubmiffive to the keeper and to his wife; 
 
 and if they think themfelves injured, muft complain to the regents. 
 
 — The times fixed for rifing are, at half after fix in the morning from 
 
 December ift to February 15th, and all the reft of the year at five, 
 
 or half after five ; but on Sundays and holidays at fix. — The times of 
 
 meals are fixed at feven, twelve, and feven. — The prifoners are al- 
 
 lov/ed, at their own expenfe, at breakfaft a pint of tea; and at dinner 
 
 foup or broth, or a pint of tea or fmall beer, and at fupper the fame 
 
 quantity of tea or beer ; and on Sundays and other holidays a certain 
 
 quantity of boiled meat : and every week, a pound of butter, and 
 
 fruit to the value of \\z\i njliver* — Every day the keeper is obliged 
 
 to prepare two forts of foup or broth, and at feven in the morning to 
 
 give the prifoners their choice of either fort, or none. — After fervice 
 
 on Sundays, the men are permitted to walk in the court, and the 
 
 women in the gallery half an hour, under the infpeftion of the keeper 
 
 and officers. — They forfeit half a ftiver, every time they curfe or 
 
 fwear, or make a difturbance in the chapel ; and alfo every time they 
 
 are not up in half an hour after they are awaked by the keeper, and 
 
 for every hour they fleep longer.— If they perfift in infulting the 
 
 • A STIVER is about a penny, 
 
 L keeper 
 
82 APPENDIX. 
 
 Antwerp keeper Or his wife after admonition, they pay a ftiver, and are alfo 
 ^°"'^ puniQicd by having their doors or windows fad clofed up. — If they 
 
 CoRREc- make any noile or difturbance after nine at night to break the reji of 
 their fellow-prifoners, they are ordered to forfeit zjchilling., and to be 
 puniflied at the difcreiion of the regents : who are likewife empower- 
 ed to make fuch alterations as they think proper in the rules j and in 
 cafe of ficknefs or old age to give indulgences to the prifoncrs, with 
 refpeft to their diet, times of rifing, &c. 
 
 Lille. At Lille, La Prifon Royale is under no proper regulation. And 
 
 the unhealthy countenances of the prifoners at the citadel, intimate the 
 pernicious effedls of lying in damp rooms, under the fortifications.* 
 
 The two hofpitals La Comtefje and St. Sauveur are lofty buildings, 
 defigned only for the admifTion o{ inea ; for in this city there are no 
 hofpitals for fick women.-f The patients are diftinguiflied into three 
 forts, viz. wounded — very fick — and recovering: they have different 
 wards afTigned them accordingly. Every patient has a bed to him- 
 felf. Here cleanlinefs is the agreeable effeft of the great attention 
 given to the patients by the Nuns. J 
 
 • I OBSERVED this, becaufe there was reafon to apprehend, that fome cf the 
 Englijh prifoners at Dinnan would be removed hithsr. 
 
 f L'HoriTAL General indeed admits both fexes, but that is on a difterent 
 foundation, and is fomewhat ftmilar to the houfes of indullry in SuJUi, Norfolk, and 
 the IJle of Wight. 
 
 X When a fick perfon arrives at cither of thefe hofpitals, his bed is immediateljr 
 Ihewed him. Then one of the fifters brings warm water, waflies his feet, and dries 
 them, and kiffes one fo(Jt. Another brings clean ftieets and a clean towel. A man- 
 fervant makes and warms the bed, and the patient goes direftly into it. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
83 
 
 RAN 
 
 A T Amiens are two prifons ; one for Les Bourgeois et La Libertinage ; Amieks. 
 the other. La Conciergerie. — In the town-houfe I faw great numbers 
 attending the trial of a woman for confining her fon. He was then 
 about thirty-two years of age, and had been confined fixteen years, 
 with a feverity which had almofl: deprived him of his intellefls. The 
 profecution was carried on by his father's relations, who had been 
 long folicitous for his releafe.' 
 
 At Paris is UAbbaye, a prifon for the military or guards, and Paris. 
 for fuch debtors as are of rank. — In the debtors rooms, a partition of 
 lath and plafter detached from the brick-wall, is an expedient to pre- 
 vent efcapes. For if the fmalleft perforation be made in the parti- 
 tion, it is immediately difcovered, by the mortar falling between 
 that and the wall into the keeper's court, through the aperture which 
 was left for that purpofe. 
 
 I REVISITED the other prifons here. — The exemplary charity eda- 
 bliflied for giving clean linen to prifoners is of great utility, and well 
 condiidled. The fupplies are regularly brought to the prifons every 
 Saturday. 
 
 The infirmaries are fupported by charitable contributions : a de- 
 cent old prifoner is chofen to be keeper ; and the turnkey of the 
 women's wards having lefs to do than others, has the immediate care 
 
 L2 of 
 
84 APPENDIX. 
 
 Paris. of them. The phyfician and furgeons are appointed and paid by 
 government : but the fuel, broth, drugs, linen, and all neceflaries, 
 are amply fupplied by the charity. 
 
 Prisoners are not properly feparated. Though one turnkey 
 walks in the court to prevent combinations, yet it is difficult to keep 
 fuch as become king's evidence apart from the refti and the gaoler 
 of Le Petit Chatclet was obliged to fit up a feparate room for that 
 purpofe. 
 
 In this country, when prifoners have received their liberty from 
 the king, or their creditors, they cannot be detained a moment for 
 fees, hire of rooms, debts contradted in prifon, or on any pretence 
 whatever. 
 
 A PRISONER of rank, a very fenfible man, to whom I was fpeaking 
 concerning gaolers, faid, " They pay nothing to the crown, and 
 " their revenue is not fmall ; at the Conciergerie, it is about fifteen 
 " thoufand livres ; at the Grand Chatelet, twenty thoufand ; at Fort 
 " L'Eveque, twenty thoufand ; at the Petit Chatelet, twelve thoufand ; 
 *' at L'Abbaye, ten thoufand. And all things confidered," he added, 
 "prifoners have no jufl: reafon to complain of this clafs of men in 
 " France. " 
 
 The nomination of a gaoler belongs to the magiftrates. When 
 he has been nominated, he is propofed to tlie Procureitr general ; and 
 if, after a careful enquiry into his character, it appears that he has 
 the reputation of a man of probity, he is fixed in the office, and takes 
 an oath of fidelity. The office is freely given him without any ex- 
 penfe whatever. 
 
 In 
 
RAN 
 
 85 
 
 In the Sal Petriere, or great hofpital, there were but few of the Paris. 
 female convicts employed. 
 
 I WAS two mornings at the Bkeire, where I faw in the two halls Bicetre. 
 above two hundred prifoners. Such a number confined together in 
 idlenefs, muft produce a great corruption of manners. Many at 
 their unhappy end have afcribed their ruin to the flagitious exam- 
 ples they have here feen, and the infl:ru6tions here given them. 
 
 The French now feem to be fenfible of the bad police of confining 
 perfons here in idlenefs; for within the two laft years they have fee 
 fome of their prifoners to work. In one room I faw thirty-fix em- 
 ployed in polifliing plate glafles : and they are eredting a mill for 
 grinding corn, which is to be worked by fixteen men at a time. 
 
 There were fixty-three in the infirmary,^ mofl of them ill of the 
 Jcorhnt. They contraft this diflemper in a year or two from their con- 
 finement, which is extremely clofe, fince they are never fufFered to go 
 out of their rooms. Many lofe the ufe of their limbs by it. I faw fe- 
 veral fuch miferable objefts at St. Louis's hofpital, where they are 
 often admitted at the expiration of their term at the Bicetre. 
 
 At the gate of St. Bernard is the prifon for thofe who are con- Galley 
 demned to the galleys : there were only fifteen prifoners, who were 
 chained two and two together. Their daily allowance is one pound 
 and a half of good bread, and half a pound of meat, and foup. On 
 meagre days they are allowed peafe in their foup. On their journey 
 they have daily two pounds of bread, half a pound of meat, . a pint 
 of wine, and about a quarter of a pound of cheefe, or eggs. — They 
 are fent from hence to Marfeillesy 'Toulon, Br eft, &c. on tlie 25 th of 
 May and the loth of September, and are joined by many other con- 
 viols 
 
86 APPENDIX. 
 
 Paris. vltfls from the provinces. I was informed that in May 1778, one 
 hundred and fixty-three went off from this prifon. 
 
 Hospitals. L'Hopital de St. Louis for the fick, and L Hotel de Dieu, are 
 indeed the two worft hofpitals that I ever vifited. They were fo 
 crowded, that I have frequently feen four or five in one bed, fomeof 
 them dying. In one of my vifits at L'lletel de Dieu, I obferved the 
 number of patients written up to be three thoufand fix hundred and 
 fifty- five.* 
 
 But though thefe two hofpitals ar£ abominable, and a difgracc 
 to Paris, it has many other charitable foundations which do ho- 
 nour to it; and from which this country may derive ufeful inform- 
 ation. — This is a fubjeA foreign to my chief purpofe, and I have 
 perhaps already enlarged too much upon it. I cannot help, how- 
 ever, juft mentioning a few of thefe foundations. 
 
 In the Hopital de Id Pitie there were about one thoufand four hun- 
 dred and twenty boys, who are clothed, and taught to read, fpin, 
 &CC. Thefe boys are admitted at about four years of age, and put 
 out apprentices at thirteen or fourteen. 
 
 L'Hopital des Incurables is defigned for the aged, infirm, and 
 diftorted, who are here clothed in a neat uniform, the men in gray, 
 and the women in black. The Nuns attend upon them. 
 
 Le Quinze Vinct Hopital is appropriated to blind perfons. 
 
 • Over one of the gates of this hofpital is the following infcrlption, which, from 
 its application \.ofsch a place, has an air of ridicule and even of profanenefs. 
 
 " C'tfi icy la Mai/oH tie Dieu, el Id Porte du del." 
 
 L'Hopital 
 
FRANCE. §7 
 
 L'HopiTAL des f elites Maifons et des Infenfez is fuuated in a ipa- Paris. 
 cious garden or court, containing a number of fmall houfes for the aged 
 and infirm of both fexes, and a hofpital for the infane. Here are alfo 
 infirmaries for the fick, which the Nuns kindly fuperintend. The 
 neatnefs and cleanlinefs I obferved in them gave me fuch pleafure as 
 engaged me to repeat my vifit. Each perfon of the infane has a fe- 
 parate room j and they alfo are taken care of by the good fifters. 
 
 In my laft tour I had the good fortune to procure an extremely Bastille. 
 fcarce pamphlet, publiflied in 1774, written by a perfon who had long 
 been confined in the Bajlille. It is reckoned to contain the beft account 
 ever made public of this celebrated ftruCture j and the fale of it is 
 forbidden in France, on the fevered penalties. I have copied from it 
 the moft material circumftances of the defcriptionj and have added 
 the plate given in the work. 
 
 " The Bafiille is a ftate prifon, confiding of eight very flrong 
 towers, furrounded with ■nfojfe about one hundred and twenty feet 
 wide, and a wall fixty feet high. The entrance is at the end of the 
 ftreet of St. Antoincy by a draw-bridge, and great gates into the 
 court of L' Hotel dii Gouvernement, and from thence over another 
 draw- bridge to the corps de garde, which is feparated by a fbrong 
 barrier conftrufted with beams plated with iron, from the great 
 court. This court is one hundred and twenty feet by eighty. In it 
 is a fountain ; and fix of the towers furround it, which are united by 
 walls of free-ftone ten feet thick up to the top. At the bottom of 
 this court is a large modern corps delogis, which feparates it from the 
 court du Putts. This court is fifty feet by twenty-five. Contiguous 
 to it, are the other two towers. On the top of the towers is a plat- 
 form 
 
88 APPENDIX. 
 
 Bastille, form continued in terraces, on which the prifoners are fometimes 
 ' permitted to walk, attended by a guard. On this platform are thir- 
 
 teen cannons mounted, which are difcharged on days of rejoicing. 
 In the cof-ps de logis is the council chamber, and the kitchen, offices, 
 &c. above thefe are rooms for prifoners of diftinftion, and over the 
 council chamber the king's lieutenant refides. In the court du Piiits 
 is a large well for the ufe of the kitchen. 
 
 " The dungeons of the tower de la Liberie extend under the kitchen, 
 &c. Near that tower is a fmall chapel on the ground floor. In the 
 wall of it are five nitches or clofets, in which prifoners are put one 
 by one to hear mafs, wliere they can neither fee nor be feen. 
 
 " The dungeons at the bottom of the towers exhale the mod 
 oftenfive fcents, and are the receptacles of toads, rats, and other 
 1 kinds of vermin. In the corner of each is a camp-bed, made of 
 
 planks laid on iron bars that are fixed to the walls, and the prifoners 
 are allowed fome ftraw to lay on the beds. Thefe dens are dark, 
 having no windows, but openings into the ditch : they have double 
 doors, the inner ones plated with iron, with large bolts and locks. 
 
 " Of the five claiTes of chambers, the moft horrid next to the dun- 
 geons are thofe in which are cages of iron. There are three of them. 
 They are formed of beams with ftrong plates of iron, and are each 
 eight feet by fix. 
 
 " The Calottes, chambers at the top of the towers, are fomewhat 
 more tolerable. They are formed of eight arcades of free-ftone. 
 Here one cannot walk but in the middle of the room. There is 
 hardly fufHcient fpace for a bed from one arcade to another. The 
 windows, being in walls ten feet thick, and having iron grates within 
 
 and 
 
\..j4ifeniuA 
 
 jy.ji'ififf- CO, 
 
 IT. (rreat-ofi 
 
 K. (hun/;-// , 
 
FRANCE. 89 
 
 and without, admit but little light. In thefe rooms the heat is ex- Bastille. 
 ceflive in fummer, and the cold in winter. They have ftoves. 
 
 " Almost all the other rooms (of the towers) are oftagons, 
 about twenty feet in diameter, and from fourteen to fifteen high. 
 They are very cold and damp. Each is furnifhed with a bed of 
 green ferge, &c. All the chambers are numbered. The prifoners 
 are called by the name of their tower joined to the number of their 
 room. 
 
 " A SURGEON and three chaplains refide in the caftle. If prifoners 
 of note are dangeroufly ill, they are generally removed, that they 
 may not die in this prifon. — The prifoners who die there are buried 
 in the parifh of St. Paul, under the name of domeftics. 
 
 *' A LIBRARY was founded by a prifoner who was a foreigner, and 
 died in the Bajltlle the beginning of the prefent century. Some pri- 
 foners obtain permiflion to have the ufe of it. 
 
 " One of the centinels on the infide of the caftle rings a bell every 
 hour, day aq^d night, to give notice that they are awake : and on the 
 rounds on the outfide of the caftle they ring every quarter of an 
 hour.;' 
 
 In inferting fo particular an account of this place, my principal 
 intention is to excite in my readers a ftrong deteftation of defpo- 
 tifm, and a love for the laws which are the foundation of our 
 liberty. 
 
 At La Prifon Royale, or the new prifon, at St. Omei-'s, the daily Sr.OMER'i. 
 allowance is a pound and a half of bread, and foup. The prifoners 
 
 M have 
 
go APPENDIX. 
 
 St. Omer's. have clean linen every week, which is the only reafon why I mention 
 this prifon. 
 
 Dunkirk. Im the prifon at Dunkirk, the French prifoners were in two or three 
 rooms by themfelves. 
 
 English Here I found many of my countrymen prifoners of war. In five 
 
 Prisoners. , i i j i i • i , • n- 
 
 rooms there were a hundred and thirty-three, — captains, mates, pajf- 
 
 engers and common failors all crowded together, — who lay on ftraw 
 
 with one coverlid for every three perfons. In three other rooms 
 
 there were thirteen accommodated in a better manner, becaufe moft 
 
 of them were ranjomers* and capable of paying i'wfous a night for 
 
 their beds. The court was fmall, being only forty-two feet by 
 
 twenty-fix j nor was there fufficient plenty of water. The bread, 
 
 beer, and foup were good, and the beef tolerable.f Each room was 
 
 fupplied with two fmall faggots a day for firing. The fick (of 
 
 whom there were only three) were taken to the military hofpital, 
 
 and great attention was paid to them. The regulations were hung up 
 
 in Englijh % and French. 
 
 Iff 
 
 • A RANSOMER IS a pcffon confined as a fecurity, till the Aim is paid for which 
 a fhip has been ranfomid, 
 
 t In the lad war, the contraft here was twelve yJa* a man ; at prefent it is fifteen. 
 
 Jby the king. 
 RULES to be obferved by all Prifoners of War in the Kingdom of France, 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 THE orders given by the comtnifTary of the marines encharged with the care of 
 the prifoners are to be llriftiy complied with unargued and undifputed. None of the 
 
 prifoners 
 
FRANCE. 
 
 91 
 
 In the prifon at Bergues I found forty-feven Englifli prilbners. Bergues. 
 The table of vidtualling was hung up here as at Dunkirk, but the English 
 
 Prisoners. 
 provifions 
 
 prifoners fhall infult, threaten or abufe, much lefs llrike the turnkey, nor any of 
 thofe appointed to do bufinefs in the prifon, under the penalty of incurring fuch 
 pjnilhment as fhall be ordered by the commiffary of the marines, and of lofing turn 
 of being exchanged ; nay further they fhall be clofe confined and deprived of one half 
 of their food or pittance. 
 
 ART. II. 
 
 All and every prifoner, when the commiffary makes review, fhall anfwer to their 
 name or names, and if in the lilt delivered to the commiffary there be found any error, 
 they fhall point it out, that it may be reftified, in order to prevent the confufion that 
 might refult from miftaking of names. 
 
 ART. III. 
 
 All prifoners that fliall refufe to anfwer to their names at the review, fhall be ' 
 punifhed by being deprived of their food till fuch time as they fubniit to the call. 
 
 ART. IV. 
 
 If there happen any damage to the place where the prifoners are kept, whether it 
 be with intent to make an efcape, or otherwife purpofely and wilfully committed, 
 the expenfe for repairing fuch damage fhall be paid out of the food of thofe that are 
 found guilty of tn'e infringement, and if there be no means of difcovering the guilty 
 perfons, all the prifoners fhall contribute an equal fhare out of their food to the 
 charges of fuch repair. 
 
 ART. V. 
 
 Whoever after efcape from his prifon is retaken, fhall be fhut in a dungeon, and 
 Ihall be Hinted to half his pittance of food, till he has by this confinement fatisfied for 
 the expenfes made for feizing and bringing him back to gaol, and fhall lofe his turn 
 of exchange belides. A fea-ofHcer thus contravening, fhall from that moment be 
 looked upon and treated as a common failor. 
 
 ART. VI, 
 
 It is forbidden to fight, quarrel or make any riot in the prifons or places where 
 
 tlic prifoners are allowed to take the air, under pain of incurring fuch punifhment as 
 
 the offence may require. 
 
 M a ART. 
 
92 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Bergues. provifions were not fo good. There were twelve on their /><?r(9/^ in 
 
 English this town, nine at Bourbourg, and tvfo at y^rdres, who told me they 
 Prisoners. ^ , . . 
 
 had procured bondfmen for their fecurity. 
 
 Calais. The common prifon at Calais, being fmaller than that at Dunkirk, 
 
 was much crowded -, for it contained one hundred and twenty-feven 
 
 Englijh 
 
 ART. VII. 
 
 The prifons (hall be kept clean and neat by the failors, every man in his turn as 
 Ihall be regulated, and whatever failor lliall refufe this fervice in his turn, his food 
 ftiall be withheld from him till he fubmit to it. 
 
 ART. viii. 
 The prifoners are to inform the commilTary of the clothes or other neceflaries they 
 * may want, and can pay for, and the commifiary fliall not only allow them to be pro- 
 vided with fuch things, but fhall alfo take care they be not impofed upon in the price. 
 
 ART. IX. 
 
 In every prifon the prifoners may appoint three or five of themfelves, and change 
 them at their pleafure, in order to infpeft their viftuals and fee if they be good, and 
 if they have their iharc or portion whether in weight or meafure according to the 
 following viftualling table ; and if there arife any reafon for complaint, either of 
 drelTing, fcrving them up, or otherwife, they are with decency to apprife the com- 
 miflary of it, who finding fuch complaint well grounded fliall give immediate redrefs 
 and do them juftice. 
 
 A R T. X. 
 
 It ftiall be allowed to tradefmen or fellers of ware (except fuch as deal in things 
 that are not fit to be fold to prifoners) to wait at the great gate of the prifons from 
 ten o'clock in the morning till three in the afternoon, in order to fell their ware to 
 fuch prifoners as have wherewithal to pay for them on the fpot. 
 
 ART. XI. 
 
 Whatever prifoner Ihall dare by this means to take or bring in ftrong liquors or 
 other things that are not fit for prifoners, or (hall receive or deliver any letter, (hall 
 be punilhed for the abufe he has made of this facility. 
 
 A TABLE 
 
RAN 
 
 E. 
 
 Englijh prifoners. Seventeen failors lay in one room * on ftraw, 
 without coverlids i a few had not even llraw : on my complaining of 
 this to the Commijfary., he faid, he would fend to 6"/. Omer's for 
 coverlids. After informing him farther, that I had found captains, 
 pajfengers and mates confined in France, but that I fuppofed perfons 
 of this defcription in England were on their parole ef honour ; he re- 
 plied, and defired I would note it down, that " a parole could not 
 " be granted without fecurity ; a hundred guineas for captains. 
 
 95 
 
 Calais. 
 
 English 
 Prisoners. 
 
 Days of the 
 Week. 
 
 Monday 
 
 Tuefday 
 
 Wednefday 
 
 ThuriiJay 
 
 Friday 
 
 Saturday 
 
 Sunday 
 
 A TABLE OF VICTUALLING. 
 
 MiddlingBeer 
 or Cider. 
 
 APotcontainiriR 
 a quart and half 
 Paris meafure. 
 
 yPotSjOr loiQu. 
 
 Bread. 
 
 Beef. 
 
 Pounds 
 
 Pounds 
 
 Avoirdupois 
 
 Avoirdupois 
 
 Weight. 
 
 Weight. 
 
 T > 
 
 3 
 
 ll 
 
 + 
 
 T « 
 
 3 
 
 ^1 
 
 + 
 
 1 ■ 
 
 3 
 
 1 X 
 
 + 
 
 
 ■ 3 
 
 A 1 
 
 + 
 
 , I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 T • 
 
 3 
 
 
 % 
 
 T ' 
 
 3 
 
 J 1 
 
 + 
 
 \ol 
 
 4t 
 
 Butter. 
 
 Cheefe. 
 
 Peafe or 
 Beans. 
 
 
 
 Hall a Found 
 
 Ounces. 
 
 Ounces. 
 
 Avoirdupois 
 Weight. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 t 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 or 6 
 
 "i" 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 In fuch where beer or cider cannot be had, there fhall be delivered to each ptifoner 
 three quarters of a quart of wine />^j- day, Paris meafure. 
 
 * That room was nineteen feet by twelve. In another fmaller room, in two 
 tiers, were twenty-three hammocks belonging to the failors ; for fometimes their 
 hammocks were given them. The court of this prifon was only twenty-five feet by 
 fourteen and a half. 
 
 " feventy- 
 
i6 APPENDIX. 
 
 Amsterdam the terms of Confinement of the convifts, according to their good or 
 HOUSE. bad behaviour, as reprefented by the regents. 
 
 The houfe provides for the prifoners diet,* cloaths, fhoes and 
 ftockings, with lliircs of half-bleached Flcmilh linen. 
 
 Some perfons are confined in private rooms, to which none have 
 accefs, unlefs in the prefence of a regent. Great care is enjoined the 
 
 • Thf diet of the conviAs in the Rafp-houfe in Amjlerdam. 
 
 Sunday Breakfaft. Three flices of rye bread with butter, and a piece of dry 
 bread fix flices thick. (K. B. Three Jlices iveigh half a found. J 
 
 -^— — — Dinner or Noon. Half a pound of beef or pork, with beans, fait and 
 vinegar, and in winter full two pounds of fait meat. 
 
 Monday Breakfaft. Six flices with butter, and a piece of bread of three flices thick. 
 
 ■ ■ Dinner. Gray peafe with fait and vinegar. 
 
 Tuesday Breakfaft. As on Monday. 
 
 . Dinner. White or gray peafe boiled in water with fait and fage. 
 
 Wednesday Breakfaft. As on Monday. 
 
 I Dinner. Boiled oats or barley with fweet milk and butter upon it. 
 
 ' Supper. Butter milk, with oats or barley boiled in it. 
 
 Thursday Breakfaft. Six flices of rye bread with butter, and apiece of bread, 
 as on Sund.iy morning. 
 ' Dinner. Stockfifti, with fweet milk and butter upon it. 
 
 Friday. As Tucfday. 
 
 Saturday Breakfaft. As Tuefday. 
 
 ■ Dinner. As Wednefday fupper. 
 
 Their drink is four pints of beer daily. But on holidays, viz. two days at Eajler, 
 yj/cenj-on-day, two at If'hitfuntide, three at the/air time, and two at Chrijlmas, they 
 have for dinner, fmoaked or fait meat or bacon, beans or peafe, carrots or cabbage, 
 and the three/a/r days they have ftrong beer. 
 
 fiither 
 
HOLLAND. 
 
 »7 
 
 father in conveying provifions to thofe prifoners. With the regents' Amsterdam 
 
 Ra s p- 
 
 leave, on Sunday mornings, fome chapters of the Bible are read to 
 them.* 
 
 HOUSE, 
 
 The Spn-houje is for women. This, and the Work-houfe, are 
 under the diredlion of fix regents and four governefles : who appoint 
 two fathers and two mothers to fuperintend and infpecl the work, the 
 diet,t and the lodging of the prifoners j and to chaftife the dif- 
 obedient. 
 
 Spin- 
 
 H0U5Z. 
 
 * There are many of thefe rooms, or houfes of confinement in Holland called 
 Ferbeterhuizen. The regulations of fome of them 1 colledled ; but as they are liable 
 to abufe, and contrary to the general notions of public jujihe, I cannot but wifh that 
 tUey were univerfally fuppreffed. 
 
 ■f- The diet of the prifoners is as followa. 
 
 Sunday 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Cut-cabbage with raeftt, 
 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Butter milk. 
 
 Monday 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 White beans. 
 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Sweet milk with barlev. 
 
 TxJesday 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Beans. 
 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Butter milk. 
 
 Wednesdai 
 
 • Dinner. 
 
 Gray peafe. 
 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Butter milk. 
 
 Thursday 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Barley. 
 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Bread and beer. 
 
 Friday 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 White beans. 
 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Butter milk. 
 
 Saturday 
 
 Dinner. 
 
 Beans. 
 
 
 Supper. 
 
 Butter milk. 
 
 The 
 
94 
 
 Calais, 
 
 English 
 
 Prisoners. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 " feventy-five for mates, fixcy for failors, and twenty-five for boys." 
 Paflengers, I afterwards learned, were on the fame footing with cap- 
 tains. On the fecond day of my being there, the rules (the fame with 
 thofe at Dunkirk) were hung up, both within and without this prifon. 
 
 Many of the prifoners in this and other prifons had no change of 
 linen, and fome were almoil entirely deilitute of clothes, being the 
 crews of veiTcls Ibipwrecked in the great ftorm of Dec. 31, 1778. 
 
 I FOUND twenty-fix of our people in a fpacious ward in the mili- 
 tary hofpital, to whom great attention was paid. Each had a bed 
 and flieets : and their bread and meat were good. But moft of them 
 having a diforder which did not break their fpirits, they would have 
 been better pleafed if their allov/ance had been equal to that in the 
 prifon. 
 
 FRENCH PRISONERS in ENGLAND. 
 
 French When I vifited my countrymen confined as prifoners of war in 
 
 Prisoners. 
 
 France, fome of the Commijfaries and other gentlemen informed me, 
 
 that they had received great complaints from the Fretich prifoners in 
 
 England. On my return in January 1779, I waited on the Com- 
 
 miffioners of the fick and wounded feamen, and gave them an account 
 
 of the EngliJJj prifoners in France, and of my intention to vifit the 
 
 French prifoners. In order to affifl: me in this bufinefs, they very readily 
 
 and kindly favoured me with letters to their agents at feveral prifons. 
 
 Having 
 
FRENCH PRISONERS. 95 
 
 Having determined to take another general view of EngUjh French 
 
 . f. ^ . . Ill t ■ r Prisoners. 
 
 pnions, to lee what nnprovements had been made, in confequence 
 
 of two late a(5ls of parliament,* and of the charges given by the Judges 
 
 in their circuits to the grand juries, I chofe to begin my tour in thofe 
 
 parts where mod of the French prifoners were confined j and of them> 
 
 therefore, I fhall firft give fome account. 
 
 In the Mill-frijon near Plymouth, Feb. 3, 1779, there were three Plymouth. 
 hundred and ninety-two French prifoners. The wards and courts in 
 which they were confined, are not fo fpacious as thofe appropriated to 
 the American prifoners, nor were they fo well accommodated with 
 provifions. The hofpital, which had fifty patients in it, was dirty 
 and offenfive, and I found there only three pair of llieets in ufe. — 
 Here a new prifon was building. 
 
 In the fliip Cambridge there were three hundred and ninety-fix 
 prifoners ; and the next day, two hundred and fifty more were coming 
 in. The bread was heavy, and the meat bad ; and too little atten- 
 tion was paid to the fick. An hofpital fliip, called the Tiger, was 
 fitting up for an infinnary.f 
 
 At Brijlol, in a prifon which had been a pottery, there were a Bristol. 
 hundred and fifty-one French prifoners, Feb. 9, 1779. The wards 
 were more fpacious and lefs crowded than thofe of the prifon near 
 
 » Hth Geo. lU. Cap. XLIII. and i6th Geo. III. Cap. XLIII. 
 
 f I SUPPOSE this was to be an infirmary only till the hofpital which they were 
 building in Mill-prifin was finilhed. The wards in this new hofpital will be too low 
 and clofe. 
 
 Plymouth, 
 
TER 
 
 ^ APPENDIX. 
 
 Bkistol. Plymouth. There were wo day rooms, in which many fhoemikers, 
 French tailors, &c. were at work: an advantage which the prifoners at 
 Pfymoufb defired, but could not obtain. — The bread was good. — There 
 being no infirmars', the fick were attended and viftuaHed at a fmall 
 houfe near the prifon, where feven (hillings a week was paid for each 
 patient. There were five in that houfe, in a diny and offenfjve room. 
 
 WixcHEs- There were one thoufand and fixty-two confined in the prilbn at 
 Ulncbejier, March 2, 1779. The wards are lofh- and fpacious. 
 The meat and beer were good : but the bread (being made with 
 leaven and mixed wiih rye) was not fo good as that at Briftcl. — If two 
 or three of the rooms were to be ufed as work-rooms, the health of the 
 prifoners would be promoted, and the\' would not be indolently lying 
 in their hammocks in the day-time -, as I obferved they were, both 
 here and at I^SJl-pri/m. 
 
 Several prifoners were confined here in the dark hole. — Forty 
 days confinement on half allowance, in order to pay ten fhillings to 
 thofe that apprehend them after efcapes, feems to be too fevere s 
 punifliment. On fuch occafions, the obfervadon of the wonhy magif- 
 ftrates at Bern always occurs to my mind, " that every one muft be 
 " defirous of regaining liberri\" 
 
 The hofpitd wards here are lofty, and upwards of twent)" feet wide. 
 Each patient had a cradle, bedding and fheets -, and the furgeon paid 
 them great attention.* 
 
 'Mk. Smith the agent alfo was aflidaoas in hbdrparnnent. He taencioned tome, 
 that he thought it woold be an adrantage if one of their priefis (two of whom weieat 
 8 little iliftaoce on dicir fmnie) were permitted to attend the prifoners. This, h« 
 faid, nould be the iceans of comforting fome, of aweing others, and of giving iafor- 
 aatioa whenever there was s.DjJ:tj? rcafon for complaiDtf. 
 
FRENCH PRISONERS. 
 
 97 
 
 Prisoners. 
 
 In a prifon not very convenient at Forton near Go/port, there were Fortos. 
 a hundred and feventy-feven F;-^«ir^ prifoners, March 2, 1779. On French 
 that day the meat was very bad, and had been killed, as the butcher's 
 fervant faid, that morning : but it was returned, and Mr. Newjham 
 the agent procured them good meat inftead of it. — Moft of the fix 
 pound loaves wanted weight. I faw the bread weighed for a hundred 
 and forty-two prifoners, and obferved a deficiency of three pounds. — 
 The ftraw, by long ufe, was turned to duft in the mattrefles, and 
 many of them here, and at other places, had been emptied to clear 
 them of vermin. The floors of the bed-rooms and hofpitals could 
 not but be dirty and ofFenfive, the boards having been laid rough. I 
 took notice of this kind of bad policy in all the floors of the new 
 prifon which was then building here, and almofl finifhed. 
 
 The regulations are in the French language, and are the fame with 
 thofe publiilied laft war. They are evidently the original from which 
 thofe printed in page 90 are tranflated. For the fake of greater accu- 
 racy, they will be given at the end of the book. I was informed 
 both here and at Winchefter, that they had been hung up, but were 
 torn down. — Would it not be better, to paint them on a board, which 
 fliould be faftened in fome confpicuous place in every prifon ? 
 
 On the prifoners complaining that the bread was too light and 
 the meat bad, I referred them to the ninth article of the regulations, 
 by which they are directed to apply to the agent, and (if not re- 
 drefled) to the Commiffioners. One of them pertinently replied, 
 " How is thatpoffible, when every letter is examined by the agent?"* 
 
 * I COULD have wifhed, that the gentlemen concerned for the Americaa prifoners, 
 had extended their regards alfo to the French, and by their attention and vifits had 
 obliged the contreMors to be more careful in difcharging their duty. 
 
 N There 
 
99 APPENDIX. 
 
 Deal. There is a new temporary prifon at Deal for French prifoners. It 
 
 French has an airy and fpacious room below, and another above, and a large 
 
 Prisoners. ^^^ convenient kitchen. — The regulations were hung up, and the 
 
 provifions of all forts were good. I made my firft vifit (as I do 
 
 always) without the agents or contraftors, and I had the pleafure 
 
 of hearing the prifoners exprefs their fatisfaftion. 
 
 The prifon adjoins to the naval hofpital, in which the fick and 
 wounded prifoners have the convenience of a ward, fimilar to that 
 which the Englijh prifoners have at Dunkirk and Calais. There were 
 feventy-three in the prifon, and fifteen in this ward, April 17, 1779. 
 
 Carlisle. In the county gaol at Carlijle, in one large room in the debtors 
 ward, there were twelve French prifoners, May 10, 1779. They 
 were not fupplied with hammocks, as at Plymouth, Winchejler, &c. 
 but lay on ftraw without coverlids. — Their allowance, fix pence a day. 
 
 Pembroke. On the 5th and 6th of June 1779> I vifited the prifons at Pembroke. 
 There were fifty-fix French prifoners in an old houfe adjoining to 
 that in which the Americans were confined. Mod of them had no 
 fhoes or'ftockings, and fome were alfo without fhirts. — They had no 
 viftualling table, nor did they know what was their allowance. 
 There were two or three who had their allowance in money, which 
 fhould have been three fhillings and fix pence a week each for their 
 aliment, but fix pence was dedufled. — The common men, befides 
 their allowance, received a penny a day each, by order of the French 
 court. — They lay, in general, on the boards without (Irawj for there 
 were but four hammocks in two rooms, each of which contained 
 eighteen prifoners. Here was a court-yard, but no water or fewer. 
 
 Ik 
 
FRENCH PRISONERS. 
 
 99 
 
 In the two rooms of the town gaol there were 'twenty French ^n- Pembroke. 
 foners. They had fome ftraw, but it had not been changed for many French 
 weeks. Having no fupply of water in the gaol, and not being per- R'soners, 
 mitted, as they are at the other prifon, to fetch water for themfelves, 
 they are often negledted. On Sunday at noon, no water had been 
 brought to them from Friday evening. — They walked in a field, with 
 a guard, about an hour every day. — Their bread was tolerable, but 
 their beer very fmall, and their allowance of beef fo fcanty, that they 
 preferred an allowance of cheefe and butter. 
 
 At a houfe appropriated for an hofpital, there were nine French 
 prifoners, befides five of the crew of the Cidloden man of war, and 
 three Americans. Thefe lay in three or four rooms on llraw with 
 coverlids, but without fheets, mattrelTes or bedfteads. 
 
 Such obfervations as thefe have convinced me, that humanity and 
 good policy require that an infpeSfor of the prifoners of war fhould be 
 appointed, who fhould be obliged to report quarterly their Hate as 
 to health, provifions, &c. 
 
 At Chester Cajile, Aug. 27, 1779, there were twenty-three Chester,. 
 French prifoners of war. They were healthy and well, and made no 
 complaint. 
 
 At Liverpool, on Nov. 30, 1779, were five hundred and nine Liverpool. 
 prifoners of war, all French, except fifty-fix Spaniards, who were kept 
 feparate on account of the animofities between the two nations. 
 Thefe were all confined in four or five rooms crowded with ham- 
 mocks three tier high -, but they had a fpacious airing ground. 
 There were thirty-fix fick in fome fmall dirty rooms of a houfe at a 
 
 N 2 diftance 
 
100 APPENDIX. 
 
 Liverpool, diftance from the prifon. Thefe had no Iheets j but much attention 
 French feemed to be paid them by the furgeon, and they made no complaints. 
 At the prifon the bedding wanted regulation. No table of rules or 
 vidualling was hung up, or ever had been. The prifoners rejoiced 
 at the difcharge of the late agent i and from the character of the 
 prejent, have every reafon to expeft all due attention and humanity. 
 Their meat was fine and good; the beer good; the bread heavy. 
 
 Here, as well as at all the other places throughout the kingdom 
 where French prifoners are confined, I found that there was an allow- 
 ance from the French court of one penny per day to all failors and 
 boys ; two pence to boatfwains, carpenters, &c. ; and three pence to 
 thofe of fuperior rank ; which is regularly paid them every month. 
 There is befides a fupply from the fame court of clothes, linen, and 
 fhoes to thofe who are deftitute of thefe articles : a noble and exem- 
 plary provifion, much to the honour of thofe who at prefent condufl 
 public affairs in France ! * 
 
 FRENCH PRISONERS in SCOTLAND. 
 
 Edin- I FOUND in the Cqfile at Edinburgh, July 6, 1779, fixty-four 
 
 French prifoners, in two rooms formerly ufed as barracks for the 
 foldiers. In one of the rooms they lay on ftraw, two and two, in 
 boxes againft the wall, with two coverlids to each box ; in the other 
 
 • I HAVE fince heard that a bounty is paid by the Court of England to their 
 prifoners in France, at the following rates, 'viz. captains, mates, failing mafters, 
 furgeons, and ilewards, three pence per day each ; common failors, boys, and 
 paflengers of inferior rank, three halfpence per day each ; which payment is 
 
 made every twenty-eight days. 
 
 room 
 
 BURGH. 
 
AMERICAN PRISONERS. loi 
 
 room they lay on mattrefles in hammocks. — The regulations as to Edin- 
 
 B U 11 C H . 
 
 diet, &c. were hung up. Their bread was excellent, and all other 
 
 provifions good; nor was there any thing of which they made com- Prisoners. 
 
 plaint. — They received every month, the allowance from the French 
 
 court. — There were fourteen in the holpital, which was a houfe at 
 
 fome diftance in the city, where they had bedding and fheets, and 
 
 great attention was paid them by the humane furgeon and agent. 
 
 FRENCH PRISONERS in IRELAND. 
 
 On the ijch of July 1779, there were feventy-feven French Belfast. 
 prifoners at Belfafi, who had been brought there the beginning of 
 May. — There was no table of regulations, and they feemed to be 
 very much negledled. Sixteen of them were in the hofpital, including 
 three attendants. Many others were fick, but in the hofpital there 
 was neither room nor accommodations for them. 
 
 At Dublin, July 22, 1779, there were twenty-two prifoners- of Dublin. 
 war, in a good room fitted up for a temporary prifon. Their bread 
 and other provifions were very good ; and they were treated with all 
 the humanity and kindnefs that could be expeded. 
 
 AMERICAN PRISONERS.. 
 
 In the Mill-prifon near Plymouth, there were two hundred and Plymouth. 
 
 ninety-eight yf?;/mf^« prifoners on the 3d of February 1779. Their American 
 
 Prisoner^.. 
 wards and court were fpacious and convenient, and their bread, beer, 
 
 and meat good. 
 
 The 
 
102 
 
 FORTON. 
 
 American 
 
 Prisoners. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 The Americans were equally well accommodated at Fcrton near 
 Go/port, where I found two hundred and fifty-one prifonersj March 2, 
 1779. 
 
 The table of regulations is almofl: the fame with that for the 
 French prifoners. The principal difference is, that in the viftualling 
 table, the bread allowance is but one pound a day. 
 
 Pembroke. At Pembroke, June 5, 1779, there were confined in an old houfe 
 thirty-feven American prifoner:. Some of them were without ftioes 
 and ftockings. — There was no viiStualling table, or table of regula- 
 tions J nor did they know what the allowance ordered by govern- 
 ment was, except only that it was the fame with the allowance for 
 the French prifoners. — They lay on ftraw on the floor, and their ftraw 
 had not been changed for fix or feven weeks. — By liberal fubfcrip- 
 tions, ample provifion has been made for the other American prifon- 
 ers : I was forry to find that thefe had been entirely overlooked. 
 
 In a houfe appropriated for an hofpital, in which were fome 
 Englijlimen and French prifoners, I found alfo three American prifoners 
 very poorly accommodated. 
 
 Before I leave this fubjeft, it will be but juftice to mention the 
 care and affiduity of the Commijfioners ofthefick and wounded Jeamen, &ff. 
 in London., who have themfelves vifited many of the prifons in England^ 
 and difmifled fuch agents as had abufed their truft ; and who are 
 ready to receive any information which may be for the benefit of 
 thofe committed to their infpedion. 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
I03 
 
 O T L A N D. 
 
 1 T may not be improper, before I enter on a particular account of s 
 Englljf:) prifons, to mention what further occurred to me worthy of 
 obfervation, in a journey into Scotland and Ireland in the fummer, 
 1779. 
 
 The prifons which I faw in Edinburgh, Glqfgow, Perth, Stirling, 
 "Jedburgh, Air, &c. were old buildings, dirty and offenfive, without 
 court-yards, and alfo generally without wat;er. They are not vifited 
 by the magiftrates : and the gaolers are allowed the free fale of the 
 mod pernicious liquors. 
 
 If a prifoner for debt declares upon oath that he has not where- 
 withal to maintain himfelf, the creditor mud aliment him within 
 ten days after notice is given for that purpofe, with at lead three 
 pence a day,* but generally the magiftrates order fix pence. — By the 
 procefs of Cejfio bonerHm,-\ a debtor after being a month in prifon, 
 may obtain his liberty, and be fecured againft execution for any 
 previous debts, by making a furrender of all his effefts to be divided 
 among his creditors : though if he afterwards comes into better 
 circumftances, his efFefts may be attached for the payment of thofe 
 
 • By aa of king William'i firft parliament, 1696, ftxth feffion. Chap. XXXII. 
 
 t See the Principles of the Laiv of Scotland, 5th ed. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1777. 
 
 p. 462 and 3. 
 
 debts. 
 
 GOTLAND, 
 
I04 APPENDIX. 
 
 Scotland, debts. This companionate law prevents a creditor putting his 
 debtor in prifon, unlefs he has good reafon to believe he is adling 
 fraudulently. 
 
 Perjury is not frequent in Scotland. The oath, and the form of 
 adminiftering it, are very folemn. The vi^itnefs, holding up his right 
 hand, repeats the following words after the judge : — " By God him- 
 " felf, and as you (hall anfwer to God at the great day of judgment, 
 " you Ihall declare the truth, and nothing but the truth, in fo far 
 " as you know, or Ihall be afked at you." — The depofitions are read 
 over by the clerk, and figned by the witnefTes and the judge.* — It is 
 enafted by the 20th of George II. that " the circuit-courts lliall be 
 " regularly held twice in every year, within that part of Great Britain 
 " called Scotland, and the Judges thereof fhall continue by the fpace 
 " of fix days at the leaft, at each town or place where the circuit- 
 " courts fhall be held, for the difpatch of bufinels."t 
 
 There are in Scotland but few prifoners ; this is partly owing to the 
 fliame and diigrace annexed to imprilbnment ; partly to the foleran 
 manner in which oaths are adminiftered, and trials and executions 
 conduced ; and partly to the general fobriety of manners produced 
 by the care which parents and minifters take to inftruit the rifing ge- 
 neration. :}: 
 
 I AM 
 
 • Loutbian's Form a/ Ptccf/s, EJin. 1 75 2. p. 1 05, 
 
 t This good ad is fimilar to one enafled for the counties of //'«/« in 34 and 35 of 
 Henry Vlil. Cap. XXVI. " That every of the faid feffions fhall be kept and continued 
 " by the fpace of fix days in every of the faid (hires, at either of the faid times, as 
 " is and hath been ufed within the faid three fhires of AV/A Wales." 
 
 t It is provided hyii&i\jiitiHtheJixtb/e£ion(^kingWilliam'sfrJlparliaiiKttt, 1696, Chap. 
 XXVI. " That there be afchool fettled and eftablifhed, and a fchoolmafter appointed 
 
 "in 
 
SCOTLAND. 
 
 loS 
 
 I AM indebted to Andrew Crofiie, Efq. for an account, from the ScoTtAnn. 
 Clerk of the Jufticiary, of the executions from January 1768 to July 
 1779, which fhall be inferted in a table at the end of the book ; from 
 which it will appear, that in ten years and a half there have been 
 only thirty-nine executed, and eighteen pardoned. 
 
 In Scotland, executions are not delayed after convidtion or fen- 
 tence -, a delay which is often equally injurious to the criminal and to 
 fociety. Here, the punifliment of the offender is made to appear 
 the immediate confequence of his crime.* 
 
 All criminals are tried out of irons ; and when acquitted, imme- 
 diately difcharged in open court. 
 
 BURGH. 
 
 In the 'Tolbooth at Edinburgh,-]; July 6, 1779, there were thirteen Edin- 
 debtors and nine felons; and in the Canongate 'Tolbooth-, there were 
 
 five 
 
 " in every parifh" in Scotland, and the prefbytery has the fupcrintendence of the execu- 
 tion of this aft, which has been carefully attended to. Many fchools are alfo fettled 
 by donations and legacies, and by the fociety for propagating chrilUan knowledge ; 
 fo that no parijh is without a fchcol, and in feme there are four or five. In the 
 fouthern parts of Scotland, it is very rare that you meet with any perfon that cannot 
 both read and write. It is fcandalous for any perfon not to be poffefled of a Bible, 
 which is always read in the parochial fchools. 
 
 • Bv the a£l made in king inlliam's firft fefiion, 1695, Chap. IV. all capital 
 crimes are rellridled to the trial and fentence within three Suns; and the " Execution, 
 " which is hereby left to the difcretion of the Judge, not exceeding nine days after 
 " fentence." 
 
 t I HERE give the table of fees from the Tolbooth in this City, which is the only one 
 I faw in the prifonsin Scotland. 
 
 O ACT 
 
106 APPENDIX. 
 
 BURGH. 
 
 Edin- five debtors and one felon : and in the hou/e of correSlion there were 
 fifty-three women, crowded into dirty and offenfive rooms. 
 
 In 
 
 ACT OF COUNCIL regulating the Fees payable to the Jailor and Clerk of the 
 Tolbooth of Edinburgh. — Edinburgh, Seventeenth July, Seventeen Hundred and 
 Twenty-eight. The uhich Day the Lord Provoft, Bailies, Council, Deacons of 
 Crafts, ordinary and extraordinary, being convened in Council, and taking into 
 Confideration the prefent State of their Tolbooth, and particularly the Fees that 
 have been in Ufe to be exafted by the Jailor and Clerk of the faid Prifon, both 
 from Creditors at Incarceration of Prifoners, and from the Debitor or Perfon himfelf 
 imprlfoned; and judging it highly reafonabic, that thcfe Fees fliould for the future 
 be publicly afcertained by Authority of the Council for the Benefit of all concerned; 
 •therefore the Council do tax and fettle the fame as follows, "jiz. 
 
 Fees payable to the Jailor. 
 
 The incarcerator of any debitor for any fum of money fliall pay at incarceration 
 one half-penny flerling for each pound Scots, and another half-penny fterling of each 
 pound Scots to be paid by the debitor at his liberation ; and this in place of one penny 
 fterling of each pound Scots in ufe to be paid by creditors at incarceration, and of 
 the like fum of one penny fterling of each pound Scots, ufually paid by the debitor 
 at liberation as relief money. 
 
 •Item, Each perfon imprlfoned for a civil debt or othciwife not being a- 
 burgefs, Ihall pay to the jailor of houfe dues each night attour ' 
 what is above — — — J 
 
 item, Each burgefs imprlfoned for a civil debt or oth«rwife, (hall pay 7 
 alfo to the jailor of houfe dues each night attour what is above J 
 
 Jtem, The incarcerator of any perfon or perfons by the Lord's letters of J 
 Laburrcws (hall pay at incarceration — — J 
 
 Item, Tlve incarcerator of any perfon cr perfons on Laburrows by a ) 
 
 Scots. 
 
 
 £. s. 
 
 D 
 
 0:6: 
 
 a 
 
 10 
 
 magillrate, (lieritT, or juftice of peace, (hall pay at incarceration 
 Item, The incarcerator of any perfon for exhibition of papers, or for~\ 
 
 implementing of writs (captions for reprodudlion of procc(rcs C i : 10 
 before the inferior courts excepted) Ihall pay at incarceration j 
 
 The 
 
SCOTLAND. 
 
 S07 
 
 In the I'olbooth at GlaJgoWi July 9, 1779, there were thirteen Glasgow. 
 debtors and feven felons ; and in the houje of corre£iion, feventeen 
 women were fpinning, decently clothed. 
 
 I DID' 
 
 The Council ordains and declares when any gentleman or other pcrfon iliall be 
 incarcerate in the Tolbooth, and fhall defire to have a room in the prifon by him or 
 hcrfelf, fuch perfons fliall be liable for the conveniency of fuch room to pay to the jailor 
 ten fhillings llerling weekly in place of prifon fees, or fuch as they and the jailor fhall 
 agree, but not to exceed ten fhillings. 
 
 That all prifoners fliall be liable to pay the under-keepers, and the woman who 
 cleans the houfe, as prifoners were in ufe to do before the r.ft of council the 17th day 
 of July 1728 ; but if any difpute fliall arife thereanent,' the magiftrates for the time 
 being fliall have the full power of determining the fame. 
 
 Fees payable to the Clerk of the Tolbooth. 
 
 ^- 
 Imprimis, Each perfon incarcerate upon any Laburrows, fliall at his ? 
 
 liberation pay — — _ 1 
 
 Item, Each perfon incarcerate by warrant from the magitlratcs, fhall ] 
 
 at his liberation pay — — J 
 
 Item, Each perfon incarcerate by warrant from fherifF or juflice of the ^ 
 
 peace, fhall at liberation pay , — — -J 
 
 Item, All government prifoners fliall pay each at liberation — 2 
 
 Item, For each petition by a prifoner for the benefit of the aft of grace, ") 
 
 and for the clerk's declaration thereto fubjoined fhnll be paid j) 
 
 Item, For the borrowing or delivery up of any diligence by which") 
 
 prifoners are incarcerate (all magiflrates warrants at or within ten S- o 
 
 ir.ercks excepted) fhall be paid — — 3 
 
 Item, All perfons incarcerated or arretted for a fum or Aims at or below • 
 
 £,izo Scots, fhall pay to the clerk at liberation four pennies for 
 
 each pound Scots; and for fums above j^izo Scots, Ihall pay at 
 
 liberation to the clerk two pound Scots and no more. 
 Item, All perfons incarcerate for exhibition of papers, orforimple-T 
 
 menting of writs (captions for reprodudion of procefles before the ?• i 
 
 inferior courts excepted) fhall pay to the clerk at liberation 3 
 
 O 2 
 
 Scots. 
 S. D. 
 
 ; 12 : O 
 
 6 : O 
 
 12 : o 
 
 o : o 
 6 : o 
 
 4 ; o 
 
 10 : o 
 
 Item, 
 
io8 APPENDIX. 
 
 Scotland. I did not find above four or five prifoners in any of the other 
 prifons which I vifited, either in this or my former tour. 
 
 IRELAND. 
 
 DuBLI^. I WAS happy in finding at Dublin a new gaol {Newgate) almoft ready 
 
 for the removal of the prifoners into more airy and convenient apart- 
 ments, in which the fhocking intercourfe of the two fexes which 
 took place in the old prifon, will be avoided. This new prifon is 
 one hundred and feventy feet in length, and has feparate courts for 
 men and women. The cells on the firft and fecond floors are about 
 twelve feet by eight, and on the upper floor twelve by four, all 
 arched with brick, to prevent danger from fire.* Befides thefe 
 
 Item, All creditors or incarcerators of prifoners for civil debt or otherwife /hall be 
 free of all fees to the clerk at incarceration. 
 
 And the council ftatues and declares, that if any fees fhall be demanded orexaftcd 
 in time coming, by the jailor or clerk of their Tolbooth, other than thefe above fet 
 down, they Ihall incur the deprivation of their refpeftive offices ; and ordain their 
 prefents to be printed and publiftied, that none may pretend ignorance. 
 
 And the council hereby ordains y<jmfi Cleland principal jailor and his fucceflbrs 
 
 in office, to affix a copy hereof in the Toliootb-hM, and in his own office, under the 
 
 penalty of ^^5 Scetj, totiet quoties, 
 
 Extrafted (figned) GEORGE HOME. 
 
 Edinburgh, the Sixth Day of July, Seventeen Hundred and Seventy-nine Years. 
 Thefe do certify by me William Gilles clerk to the Tolbooth of Edinburgh, that the 
 above is a true and exa£t copy of the aft of council of the city of Edinburgh, by which 
 the keeper of the faid Tolbooth and me as clerk thereof are governed. 
 
 William Gilles. 
 
 • It would have been much better if the fame precaution had been ufed in 
 
 another Newgate. 
 
 there 
 
IRELAND, 
 
 109 
 
 there are dungeons, but I hope they will never be ufed. It might be Dublin. 
 beft to convert the chapel at the top of the houfe into an infirmary j 
 for the fick rooms are too fmall, and likely to produce infedlion. 
 
 In the men's court there is a pump which ilipplies good water, 
 and I fuppofe the women's court will be provided v/ith another. 
 Great attention fhould be paid to air and cleanlinefs in the ftair-cafes, 
 and the narrow paflages* leading to the cells, to prevent them from 
 becoming offenfive and infe6tious. 
 
 The criminals in the gaols of Ireland are very numerous ; one 
 reafon of which may be, that in this country there are no houfes of 
 corre<5lion ; t and another, that acquitted perfons are continued in 
 confinement till they have difcharged their fees to the clerk of the 
 crown, or peace, the fheriff, gaoler and turnkey. X Even boys almofl: ^ 
 
 • They are three feet and a half wide, and the ftaircafes only two feet one inch. 
 
 f It may be an exception, that in a houfe adjoining to Neiugate there were feveral 
 fines, &c. and in another fmall houfe adjoining to the work-houfe in Dublin, I found 
 eleven young creatures who for fmall offences were confined with outrageous lunatics 
 of both fexes. The magiftrates feem to have overlooked a companionate claufe of 
 their legiflature the 3d oi George III. Chap. XXVIII. " that perfons of infane mind 
 " and outrageous behaviour" are not to go in common with the other prifoners. 
 
 I There is an aft " for difcharging without fees perfons who fliall be acquitted 
 " of offences for which they are or fhall be indifted, and for making a compenfation 
 "to fherifFs, gaolers, clerks of the crown, and clerks of the peace, for fuch fees," 
 by a prefcntment on the refpeftive counties. But many that are acquitted re- 
 ceive no benefit by it, becaufe the prefentment muit be made by the foreman of 
 the petty jury to the grand jury, and confirmed by the Judges of aflize ; and the 
 fum prefented at one affize muft not exceed " ten pounds if it be a county at large ; 
 " or five pounds, if it be a county of a city or county of a town," 3d George III. 
 Cap. V, p. 100, 101. 
 
 naked. 
 
no 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Dublin, naked, and under the age of twelve, are fometimes confined two 
 years for thefe fees, though amounting to no more than about forty 
 fhillings. How furprifing is it, that any kingdom can endure fuch 
 injuftice ! It is a particular aggravation of it, that the prifoners thus 
 confined generally lofe, at the fame time, their allowance of bread. 
 I have heard that Mr. Juftice Afion always ordered the acquitted 
 prifoners to be difcharged. — Some boys were lately releafed from the 
 county gaol at Kilmainham, paying half fees 5 and others from 
 Nezvgcite, the fheriffs oi Dublin generoufly relinquilliing their fees. 
 But as thofe boys had been alTociated with the moft profligate and 
 abandoned felons for many months, I did not in the lead wonder to 
 find that fome of them returned to their former habitation in a few 
 days. 
 
 On palling this prifon frequently, I could not avoid obferving 
 officers from the recruiting regiments waiting at the doors and win- 
 dows, to receive either the offenders who were permitted to enlifl:, 
 or any of their aflbciates. When the exceffive profligacy and daring 
 wickednefs of this fet of people is confidered, the moft melancholy 
 apprehenfions muft be entertained, of the dreadful confequences 
 likely to refult from their mixture with thofe who may have had a 
 fober education, and have entered voluntarily into the fervice of their 
 country ; and likewife of the danger to fociety in genera], from 
 turning loofe fuch a fet of wretches at the clofe of a war. 
 
 Our Englijh prifons have alfo contributed their fliare towards re- 
 cruiting the army, enlifl:ing being the condition on which many have 
 obtained their releafe from confinement, or immunity from fome 
 other punilhmenc. I fliali make no farther remark on tliis praclice, 
 
 but 
 
IRELAND. ni 
 
 but that if it be a neceflary one, the legiflature may receive ibme Dublin. 
 fatisfaftion from the effefts of their late falutary laws refpecling the 
 health of prifoners. If this mode had been adopted while prifons 
 were in their former ftatej it would have been the occafion of carry- 
 ing the mofl fatal difeafes into the midft of our feamen and foldiers. 
 
 There is a new Marjlmljea prifon in Dublin. The firft ftone was 
 laid, as appears by the infcription, July 3, 1775. Here were about 
 fixty prifoners. — In the city Marjhaljea, which is a very old building, 
 there were fifty-five debtors. Many debtors in this and the other 
 prifons, being not alimented, are objefts of compaftion. But the 
 mofl needy of them are relieved by the care of a humane fociety ac 
 Dublin, fimilar to that called the "thatched-HouJe Society in London. — 
 Such focieties deferve the highefl praife. I wifh however to recom- 
 mend to companion other priforiers, who though they feem to de- 
 ferve afliftance lefs, yet heed it, more, to fave them from the ruin to 
 which the bad flate of the Irijlj prifons expofes them. 
 
 I AM forry to mention the common and pernicious ufe of fpirituous 
 liquors in the Irijh prifons. — In Newgate, and in the county gaols 
 that I vifited, there were no tables of fees hung up. 
 
 There is an IriJh aft for preferving the health of prifoners, pafled 
 in the 17th and i8th of George III. Chap. XXyill. fimilar to the 
 Englijh a6t * for the fame purpofe. But I did not find ic " hung tip " 
 
 in 
 
 * This differs from the EiigUJh aflin one important circumftance. The EngUJh a£l 
 requires "the- walli and cielin'gs of the feveral cells and wards, both of the debtors 
 " and the felons, and alfo of any other rooms ufed by the prifoners in their refpeftive 
 
 " cjaols 
 
iia 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Dublin. in any of the prifons. — There is alfo an aft of the fame year, fimilar 
 to the Englijh aft, for " the punifhment, by hard labour, of offenders 
 who, for certain crimes, are or fhall become liable to be tranfported." 
 But the hulks on the 'Thames having cruelly deftroyed many healthy 
 and robuft young men, their cries probably reached the IriJ}.^ fhore, 
 and prevented any proceedings in confequence of that aft. 
 
 HULKS ON, THE THAMES. 
 
 Hulks. _[ jj ^-^y former work, p. 75, I ventured to pafs fome cenfures on the 
 management of prifoners committed to hard labour on the Thames ; 
 and in a fubfequent vifit I was ftill more convinced of the faults I had 
 obferved. The effefts of thefe became fo alarming, as to attradt the 
 notice of Parliament. A public enquiry was inftituted, by which it 
 appeared, that from Augufl 1776, when the conviifts were firft put 
 on board the vefiels, to March 26, 1778, out of fix hundred and 
 
 " gaols and prifons, ivhere felons are u/ually confined, to be fcraped and white- wafhed, 
 " once in the year at leaft, to be regularly wafhed and kept clean," &c. whereas the 
 Iri/h aft requires the fame precautions in the cells, wards, and rooms of gaols and 
 prifons without reftriftion ; for the daufc " ixihere felons are ufually confined" is omit- 
 ted. I have known it pleaded as an excufe for not white-walhing and keeping clean 
 prifons in England where only debtors or petty offenders have been confined, that 
 they were not obliged to it by the ad of parliament. 
 
 thirty- 
 
HULKS ON theTH AMES. ,13 
 
 thirty-two prifoners who had been received, one hundred and feventy- Hulks. 
 fix had died. It is with pleafure that I can now give an account, 
 which will Ihew in a ftrildng light the beneficial effefts of this parlia- 
 mentary interference, and the obligations the public are under to the 
 Committee appointed on this occafion, and particularly to its chair- 
 man. Sir Charles Bunbury. 
 
 At my laft vifit, Nov. 16, 1779, there were at Woolwich, for the 
 reception of convidls, an old India man, called the Jujiitia -, and a 
 frigate, the G-^j/br. In the former were two hundred and fifcy-fix; 
 and in the latter, two hundred and fifty. That which was firft called 
 the Jujiitia, is now converted into an hofpital lliip, in which were 
 twenty patients. — Another, called the Reception, was empty : in this, 
 convi6ls are examined by the furgeon, and continue four days, before 
 they are fent either to the hulks, or to the hofpital fliip.* 
 
 The prifoners on board the Jujiitia looked healthy and well j the 
 decks were clean. They had bedding; their provifions were good 
 of the fort; and there were not any (as at my former vifits) without 
 fhoes and ftockings. — I found the Cenjor, below deck, cleaner than 
 the Jujiitia ; yet, on carefully viewing the convids, they had not fo 
 healthy and contented an afpeft as thofe in the other j and a much 
 greater proportion of this fliip's company was fent to the hofpital. 
 This created in me a fufpicion that fomething was wrong. I exa- 
 mined all their provifions, bedding, &c. and found that they were 
 the fame as on board the Jujiitia. It would be highly proper that a 
 table of their ftated allowance Iliould be hung up, and fcales, weights, 
 and meafures afllgned them, j to check the purfers who give out their 
 
 • By the late aft 19th Geo. III. Cap. LXXIV. /. 141 8. 
 t See a good regulation for the prifoners of war, Article ix. 
 
 P provjfion. 
 
114 APPENDIX. 
 
 Hulks. provifion.* — In the IhJpUal fhip, on the two decks (one of which is 
 for recovering patients) were twenty-five cradles with beds fimilar to 
 thofe in the Royal Hofpit ah at Hajlar and Plymouth, where all lie fingle. 
 Of the few who were very fick, I found their irons were off". The 
 cleanlinefs and quietnefs of the hofpital do honour to the conduftor. 
 It is to be wifhed that the patients had better nourifliment, as that 
 in many cafes would be more falutary than medical prefcriptions. 
 
 There were about one Iiundred and fifty at work in the Warren; 
 mofl: of them clothed in a brown uniform. 
 
 The lituation of thefe unhappy people is greatly altered for the 
 better. Yet their bread allowance fhould be half a pound more; 
 for one pound a day is too little, efpecially for thofe who work, 
 although they have an extra allowance of beer. There fliould alfo 
 be to each bed, in winter, an additional blanket. 
 
 Gaol J shall take the liberty here to fubjoin a few additional remarks on 
 
 Fevlr. ..." 
 
 the Gaol fever j in which, if I fhall appear to have invaded the 
 
 province of the gentlemen of the faculty, I hope to be pardoned, 
 
 from the confideration that my experience in this matter may in fome 
 
 rcfpeft fupply my want of other means of knowledge. 
 
 If it were aflced, what is the caufe of the gaol fever ? it would in 
 general be readily replied, " the want of frefli air and cleanlinefs." 
 But as I have found in a few prifons abroad, cells and dungeons as 
 offenfive and dirt)' as any I have obferved in this country, where, 
 however, this diflemper was unknown, I am obliged to look out for 
 
 • Pursers weights are known on board fliips to be two ounces in a pound 
 fliort, their jneafures in proportion. 
 
 fome 
 
G A O L F E V E R. 115 
 
 fome additional caufe for its produftion. I am of opinion, that the Gaol 
 
 Fever. 
 Hidden change 01 diet and lodging fo affefts the fpiriis of new convids, 
 
 that the general caufes of putrid fevers exert an immediate effeft upon 
 
 them. Hence it is common to fee them ficken and die in a fliort 
 
 time, with very little apparent iilnefs. Convicts are generally ftout 
 
 robuft young men, who have been accuftomed to free diet, tolerable 
 
 lodgings, and vigorous exercife. Thefe are ironed, and thruft into 
 
 clofe offenfive dungeons, fome of them without ftraw or other 
 
 bedding; in which they continue, in winter, fixteen or eighteen 
 
 hours out of the twenty-four, in utter inactivity, and immerfed in 
 
 the noxious effluvia of their own bodies. On this account, the gaol 
 
 diftemper is always obferved to reign more in our prifons during 
 
 winter than fummer ; contrary, I prefume, to the nature of other 
 
 putrid difeafes. Their diet is at the fame time low and fcanty; and 
 
 the powers of life foon become incapable of refilling fo many caufes of 
 
 ficknefs and defpair. 
 
 After the gaol fever has prevailed in a prifon, nothing, probably, 
 will be fo effedlual in deftroying all remains of infeftion, as the mode 
 of fu?nigaiion ]pva.Q:\kd by the ingenious Dr. Lifid for Inkdied Jhips. 
 I fliall therefore extraft fome of the mod important particulars of 
 this procefs from the account with which the doctor favoured me. 
 
 " Charcoal fires fliould be lighted in the morning, and allowed 
 " to remain till evening, and half a pound of brimftone thrown upon 
 " each, their fmoke in the mean time being clofely confined. They 
 " may be made in iron pots. — This fumigation fliould be repeated 
 " every day for a fortnight. Every evening after the fumigation, 
 " the ports and hatchways fliould be opened, and the infide of the 
 " fliip waflied with warm vinegar : and after the lail fumigation, 
 
 P 2 " before 
 
ii6 APPENDIX. 
 
 Gaol « before the men return to the fhip, the decks fliould be thoroughly 
 " fcraped and cleaned. If the infedlion has been very violent, the 
 " parts of the fliip mofl expofed to it may alfo be white-waflied. — 
 " Every thing ragged and dirty fhould be deftroyed, as alfo the 
 " clothes and bedding of fuch as brought the infedlion into the fhip, 
 " the bedding of fuch as have died of the fever, and unlefs the infec- 
 " tion has been very mild, the bedding of fuch as have had the fever 
 " though recovered. The remaining clothes and bedding fhould be 
 " purified by being expofed twice a week to the fteams of the brim- 
 " ftone and charcoal ; or when the brimftone might be fuppofed to 
 " injure the clothes, they may be hung up in a clofe place, expofed 
 " to the fmoke of tobacco ftrewed on charcoal fires. Linens, and 
 •' fuch articles as will admit of being wet, fhould after the firft 
 *' fumigation be fleeped for feveral hours in cold water or leys, be well 
 *' waflicd, and then dried in the open air. — If, during the fortnight 
 " of this fumigation, any perfon is taken ill of the fever, the fortnight 
 " fliould again commence from the day on which fuch perfon leaves 
 " the fliip. — Stri(ft attention fhould be paid to the cleanlinefs of the 
 " men both in their perfons and apparel : fuch as are fluggifh and 
 " dirty fliould be made to bathe and clean themfclves; and a fufhcient 
 " quantity of flops fhould be ifTued, that every man may have a 
 " change of clothes."* 
 
 • I HAVE obferved In prifons abroad a very cheap and pleafant fumigation, which 
 furprifingly correfts the bad air. I fuppofe it is the fame as is ufcd in Roman catholic 
 churches, lia, juniper berries thrown upon burning coals in a chafling-difli. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
117 
 
 N G L A N D. 
 
 LONDON. 
 
 THE TOWER is a ftrong fortrefs, and the only prifon in London. 
 England for ftate delinquents of rank. The care of it is com- 
 mitted to an officer called the Conftable of the Tower, who has under 
 him a lieutenant, deputy-lieutenant called the governor, and many other 
 officers, among whom are forty warders, whofe uniform is the fame 
 with the king's yeomen of the guards. Nineteen of thefe warders 
 have feparate houfes well furniffied, in any of which, as the governor 
 is pleafed to order, the ftate delinquents may be confined ; and the 
 cuftom has been to affign them two of the beft rooms on the firft 
 floor. Sometimes they are committed to clofe confinement ; but in 
 general they are at liberty to walk in the area of the Tower, attended 
 always by a warder. 
 
 There have been no prifoners here for a few years paft ; and when 
 there are any, their fate is foon determined by a legal trial, and con- 
 fequently their confinement can never be long. Six ffiillings and 
 eight pence a day is allowed by government for their fubfiftence, but 
 they feldom accept this allowance. 
 
 In this fortrefs, befides the houfes juft mentioned, there are feveral 
 
 public offices and ftore-houfesj fuch, particularly, as the office of 
 
 Ordnance, the Jewel-office, the Mint, and buildings for holding 
 
 artillery and arms. 
 
 NEWGATE. 
 
ii8 APPENDIX. 
 
 LoKDON. NEWGATE. 
 
 Every part of the gaol was clean, and free from ofFenfive fcents. 
 On the felons fide there were only three fick, in one of the upper 
 wards. An infirmary was building near the condemned cells. — Of 
 the one hundred and forty-one felons &c. there were ninety-one con- 
 vi(5ts and fines,* who had only the prifon allowance of a penny loaf 
 a day : Mr. Akerman generoufly contributes towards their relief. — 
 In the felons court, the table of fees painted on aboard was hungup.f 
 
 1779, Aug. 16, Debtors 51. Felons &c. 141. 
 
 THE FLEET. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 . -r, f In the Houfe. In the Rules. 
 
 1779, Aug. 13, rri loners, 
 
 147- - 37- 
 
 NEW L U D G A T E. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Aug. 12, Prifoners 15. 
 
 POULTRY COMPTER. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 1779, Aug. 6, Debtors 46, Felons &c. 5. Imprefl'ed Men 3. 
 
 • There fliould be a fcparatlon in all prifons of thofe called _^w/, who are com- 
 mitted for a term, from thofe who arc only committed on fufpicion either of felony 
 or mifdcmeanors. 
 
 f Mr. Akerman was fo good as to copy for me a table of all the executions for 
 Lendon and MUMe/tx during eight years pad; for which fee the tables at the end. 
 
 W O O D- 
 
LONDON. 
 
 119 
 
 WOOD-STREET COMPTER. London. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 1779, Aug. 6, Debtors 58. Felons &c. 45. 
 Nov. 15, — 38. — II. 
 
 BRIDEWELL. 
 
 A GOOD regulation has been lately made, that every perfon who is 
 committed a fecond time to this prifon fhall have only half the allow- 
 ance. A proper check where the allowance is fo ample. 
 1779, Aug. 12, Prifoners 13. 
 
 To this prifon were committed. 
 In the year 1776, Prifoners 983. 
 
 1777. — 544. 
 
 1778, — 1027. 
 
 NEW PRISON CLERKENWELL. 
 
 I FOUND the men's fide very clean. — The fines have only the prifon 
 
 allowance. — The king's evidence are put into the women's ward, to 
 
 fecure them from the refentment of the other prifoners. — The aft for 
 
 preferving the health of prifoners not hung up. Goaler now 
 
 Samuel Newport. 
 
 1779, Aug. 7, Prifoners Go. 
 
 Nov. 15, — 45. 
 
 CLERKENWELL BRIDEWELL. 
 
 A SMALL clofe room is ufed as an infirmary for the men : and 
 
 two of the night-rooms are now made into one for an infirmary for 
 
 the women. 
 
 This 
 
lao APPENDIX. 
 
 London, This prifon was clean, but it is much too fmall for the number 
 of prifoners. — Of the one hundred and feventy-one prifoners, twenty- 
 two men and boys, and fifty-eight women were convidts. Thefe 
 were employed in picking oakum, the women in two rooms below, 
 the men up ftairs. — A warehoufe and a fhed for drying have been 
 lately erefted on fome ground at the back of this prifon. — The convifts 
 here are allowed three pence a day. The ad for preferving the health 
 of prifoners not hung up. 
 
 1779, Aug. 13, Prifoners 171. 
 
 WHITECHAPEL PRISON. 
 
 No alteration, but in the number of prifoners, fince the late afl 
 for extending the Frovifions of an ASly to p-event frivolous and vexatious 
 Arrefls; 19 Geo. III. Cap. LXX. 
 
 1779, Aug. II, Prifoners 5. 
 
 TOWER HAMLETS GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 1779, Aug. 10, Prifoners none. 
 
 St. C a T H a R I N E 's PRISON. 
 1779, Aug. II, I found the houfe inhabited, but no prifoners. 
 
 WEST- 
 
WESTMINSTER. 
 
 121 
 
 THE SAVOY. West- 
 
 MINSTER. 
 
 The prifoners were in health ; the rooms made more airy, and 
 feme adjoining fitted up for an infirmary. 
 
 1779, Aug. 13, Prifoners 98. viz. 
 64 Deferters, 21 ImprefTed Men, 13 of the Guards. 
 
 TOTHILL-FIELDS BRIDEWELL. 
 
 This prifon clean, as ufual. There is a work-fliop with hemp- 
 blocks, and a room over it. Two of the women's night-rooms are 
 appropriated to female convifts, who have alfo a feparate court, with 
 water, &c. The women's court is alfo enlarged, the garden-pales 
 being fet farther off. — As I have feen feveral fick objeds on the 
 floors, the Gentlemen, who are fo ready to relieve the fufferings of 
 their fellow-creatures, will forgive the intimation that an infirmary 
 might be made over the women's ward. 
 
 1779, Aug. 5, Prifoners 74. ImprefTed Men 10. 
 
 WESTMINSTER GATE-HOUSE. 
 
 This prifon being taken down, another is ereded in 'Tothill- 
 Fields, adjoining the Bridewell, but not yet inhabited, Aug. 5, 1779. 
 There is to be a proper feparation of debtors and felons j and in the 
 court of the latter are four fmali rooms for the refractory. The 
 pulpit is contrived to have both debtors and felons in view, though 
 they will not be in fight of each other. The keeper from thence can 
 
 Q^ eafily 
 
122 APPENDIX. 
 
 West- eafilv overlook them when they are locked up. — The court-yards 
 
 mjNSTER. 
 
 will be plentifully fupplied with water, by pipes from the Main. — 
 The outer walls are too low, fo that tools, &c. may be eafily" con- 
 veyed over. 
 
 SOUTH W ARK. 
 South- THE KING'S BENCH PRISON. 
 
 W A R K . 
 
 Some of the old buildings are taken down, and a chapel and many 
 rooms are added to the new buildings, and another wing fimilar to 
 that which has been already mentioned, but no infirmary. — This fpa- 
 cious prifon is enclofed with a ftrong wall about thirty feet high, 
 with a chevaux de frife. 
 
 Two excellent rules have been lately hung up and enforced. 
 
 Farther Rules and Orders, &c. 
 
 Monday next after three weeks from the day of the Holy Trinity 
 in the 19th year of King George the III. 
 
 King^s Bench Pri/on. Upon full and mature confideration had here 
 
 in court. It is ordered by the faid court that any man may lawfully be 
 
 turned out of his chamber for the following caufes (that is to fay) 
 
 If fuch perfon lets his chamber to another, or does not refide there 
 
 himfelf, or if fuch perfon might have taken the benefit of any infol- 
 
 vent adl or the lords aclj or if he be charged by a friendly or collu- 
 
 five aftion where there is no real debt. 
 
 By the Court. 
 
 Friday 
 
S O U T H W A R K. 123 
 
 WARK. 
 
 Friday next after fifteen days from the day of the Holy Trinity South- 
 in the 1 9th year of King George the III. 
 
 King's Bench Prijon. It is ordered that all prifoners who have been 
 or fhall be in the cuftody of the Marflial of the Marjhaljea for the 
 fpace of fix months after they are fuperfedeable altho' not fuperfeded 
 fhall be forthwith difcharged out of the prifon of the Marflial of the 
 Marjhaljea by the faid Marflial as to all fuch aftions in which they 
 have been or fliall be fuperfedeable. And that no prifoner fliall be 
 entitled to any room in the faid prifon by reafon of feniority except 
 from the time of his being charged in the aftions in which he is not 
 fuperfedeable. 
 
 By the Court. 
 
 1779, Aug. II, In the Houfe 511. In the Rules* 75. 
 0(St. 26, — 438. — 60. 
 
 MARSHALSEA PRISON. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 Here the chambers want regulation. For in feveral rooms where 
 four lie in two beds, and in fome dark rooms where two lie in one 
 bed, each pays 3J-. dd. a week for his lodging. 
 
 * Th E Rules, or Bounds belonging to this prifon are extenfive, including St. George's 
 Fields, one fide of Blackman-Jireet, and part of the Borough High-Jireet, of which 
 a plan is publifhed. 
 
 Q^i There 
 
124 APPENDIX. 
 
 WARK, 
 
 South- There are fundry fmall legacies, befides the county money which 
 
 is ;^4 : 10:0 every month, and Mrs. Margaret Symcott's (Elea>ior 
 Gwynn's) bread, which is fixty-five penny loaves every eight weeks j 
 but no table hung up. 
 
 1779, Aug. 10, Prifoners, 88 Men, 4 Women. 
 
 BOROUGH COMPTER. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 The a£t for preferving the health of prifoners not hung up, and 
 no regard paid to it. The allowance a penny loaf a day each, weight 
 in Aug. 1779, twelve ounces. 
 
 This prifon might be made more commodious, by building on a 
 piece of ground at the back of it, forty-one feet by twenty, which 
 the keeper now ufes as a garden. 
 
 1779, Aug. 10, Debtors 16. Felons &c. 2, 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Home Circuit. HERTFORDSHIRE. 125 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at HERTFORD. Hertford- 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 The new gaol has feparate wards and courts for debtors, men- 
 felons and women-felons -, and the whole is now furrounded by a wall 
 fifteen feet high. 
 
 In mentioning the gaol fever I fliould have added, I was in- 
 formed that a prifoner brought out of the dungeon as dead, on being 
 pumped on in the yard, recovered. Since this I have known other 
 inftances of the fame kind. 
 
 1779, Sept. 27, Debtor i. Felons &c. 17. Deferter i. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 HERTFORD. No alteration. 1779, Sept. 27, one prifoner. 
 
 HIT CHIN. No alteration. 1779, 06t. 21, no prifoners. 
 
 BERKHAMSTE AD. No alteration. 1779, April 23, i prifonen * 
 
 BUNTINGFORD. Two rooms; one for men, eighteen feet by 
 
 eight; the other a new one for women, thirteen feet by ten. 
 
 No water : no court-yard. The keeper has a large garden. 
 
 Salary l^. 
 
 1779, Sept. 27, one prifoner. 
 
 St. AL BAN'S BOROUGH GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, April 24, Debtors o. Felons &c. o. Dcfercer i. 
 
 LIBERTY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, April 24, Debtors o. Felons &c. i. Deferters 2. ^ 
 
 BRIDE- 
 
12$ APPENDIX. 
 
 Hertford- BRIDEWELL at St. ALBAN'S, 
 
 SKIRE. 
 
 For the Liberty and Borough. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 In the work-room were two foldiers, and a girl who was fentenced 
 for a year's imprifonment, locked up all day together. 
 
 1779, April 24, Prifoners 3. 
 
 X. 
 
 Essex. COUNTY GAOL at CHELMSFORD. 
 
 Chaplain, Rev. Mr. Morgan. 
 Salary now ;^5o. 
 
 The new prifon is occupied. The felons apartments are entirely 
 out of fight from the gaoler's houfe. I beg leave to obferve, that a 
 window might be made in the gaoler's kitchen, which would over- 
 look the felons court-yard : and that the window in the debtors apart- 
 ment toward the ftreet is highly improper, as an avenue for intro- 
 ducing at all times fpirituous liquors, tools, &c. 
 
 1779, April 7, Debtors 34. Felons &c. 7. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 CHELMSFORD. No alteration. The county has all the profits 
 of the prifoners work, which is fpinning. 
 
 1779, April 7, Prifoners 27. 
 
 COLCHES- 
 
Home Circuit. ESSEX. 127 
 
 COLCHESTER Castle. No alteration. I have remarked that Essex. 
 there is no water. A well of fine water at the caflle was lately 
 arched over. 
 
 1779, April 7, Prifoner i. 
 
 COLCHESTER TOWN GAOL and BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration, but two rooms added to the bridewell. 
 1779, April 7, Debtors none. Felons &c. 4. 
 
 NEWPORT. No alteration. i779) Sept. 16, Prifoners 9. 
 
 H A L S T E D. No alteration. The houfe is rented of the 
 truftees of Martin's charity. The prifoners are employed in 
 fpinning, but are not allowed any part of what they earn. 
 
 1779, April 6, Prifoners 5. Imprefled Men 2. 
 BARKING. No alteration. 1779, April 8, Prifoner i. Imprefled 5. 
 
 HARWICH TOWN GAOL. 
 
 Two rooms towards the flreet. No chimneys. One back room 
 with a fire-place ; another called the dark gaol. No court ; no 
 water ; no fewer. Allowance, three halfpence a day. Gaoler's falary, 
 j^a : 8 : o. Fees, 6 s. %d. No table. 
 
 1778, April 18, Prifoners none. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
128 APPENDIX. 
 
 KENT. 
 
 Kent. COUNTY GAOL AT MAIDSTONE. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 I FOUND the gaoler attentive to cleanlinefs and regularity. Claufes 
 of aft againfl: fpirituous liquors are hung up. 
 
 The felons apartments are the better for not having glafs windows. 
 The wall being three feet and a half thick, in fome meafure breaks 
 the force of the wind. The felons five night-rooms have double 
 doors ; if one of them was an iron-grate door (as at the new gaol 
 at HorJIoani) and locked up in the day-time, the rooms would frefhen 
 and be better ventilated. 
 
 1779, April 16, Debtors 15. Felons 23, including 14 Convids. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 MAIDSTONE. The new prifon dirty and offenfive. It is ne- 
 ceflary to choofe keepers who are attentive to cleanlinefs and 
 neatnefs. The county allowance is three pence every day but 
 Sundays. They were at work, but liave no part of what they 
 earn. Fees, jj. 6d. No table. I faw two with the fmall-pox, 
 lying on loofe llraw, and their only covering was common mats. 
 
 1779, April 16, Prifoners 13. 
 
 CANTERBURY, No alteration, but a partition in the women's 
 court to keep them more private. 
 
 1779, April 16, Prifoners 4. 
 
 CANTER- 
 
Home Circuit. KENT. 
 
 129 
 
 CANTERBURY CITY GAOL. Kent. 
 
 No alteration. No regard is paid to the claufe enjoining that 
 " once in the year at leall" the gaols fhall be white-wafhed. 
 1779, April 16, Debtors 2. Felons 2. 
 
 DARTFORD. Now there are two courts from the keeper's 
 garden, one for each fex, with pumps and fewers, and a room in 
 the men's court for the fick. But the women had no mats, or 
 any fort of bedding. 
 
 1779, April 15, Prifoners 5. 
 
 ROCHESTER CITY GAOL. 
 
 The court-room was built, as appears by the date, in 1687; and 
 it is probable, there has been no alteration in the prifon fince. The 
 room for debtors in the keeper's houfe, is only for fuch as can pay 
 for a bed ; for I found two in the clofe ofFenfive room towards the 
 ftreet, who had been locked up there fome weeks. 
 
 1779, April 15, Debtors 2. Felons o. 
 
 DOVER CASTLE. 
 
 Frederic Lord North is now Conftabk of the Caftle ; and Henry 
 TVood, Bodar. The two rooms were white-wafhed, and much cleaner 
 than at my former vifit. 
 
 1779, April 17, Prifoners 3. 
 
 DOVER TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration; but the new keeper has a falary, ^^lo. No licence. 
 The gaol was much cleaner; and company were not drinking there, 
 as at my former vifits. ' 
 
 1779, April 17, Debtor i. Felon i, 
 
 R SUSSEX. 
 
J3'5 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 SUSSEX. 
 
 Sussex. COUNTY GAOL at HORSHAM. 
 
 The new gaol does credit to the Gentlemen that fuperintended the 
 work : it is every way fiibftantial and ftrong ; and each felon is to 
 have a feparate room, ten feet by feven, and nine feet high to the 
 crown of the arch. They are all arched with brick, to prevent danger 
 and confufion in cafe of fire. To eacii room are two doors, one of 
 them iron-grated. 
 
 1779, March 9, Debtors 12. Felons &c. 6. in the old gaol. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 At Horsham the Bridewell was difcontinued, and the keeper 
 difcharged. 
 
 LEWES. No alteration. The apartments for each fex fimilar, but 
 feparate ; a kitchen, five bed-rooms ten feet fquare, work-fhop, &c. 
 Though I found no prifoners at work, it feems, they are fome- 
 times employed in making whiting, as there were chalk, mal- 
 lets, Geves, &c. in the men's work-rooms. The keeper has all 
 the profits of their work. The county allowance is a two- 
 penny loaf (the -weigbt laas 1 lb. 5 oz.) The keeper's houfe is 
 detached, fo that he has no view from thence into the prifoners 
 rooms or courts. 
 
 1779, April 19, Prifoners 8. 
 
 PETWORTH. The keeper's falary is now augmented to/30, 
 in lieu of fees. The bread allowr.nce is now a two-pound loaf 
 
 eveiy 
 
Home Circuit. SUSSEX. 131 
 
 every day, to be weighed by the keeper, with fcales 'and a weight Sussex. 
 ordered to the houfe for that purpofe by thejuftices. No alter- 
 ation in the houfe. 
 
 1779, March 8, Prifoners 2. 
 
 CHICHESTER CITY GAOL and BRIDEWELL, 
 
 The alteration is a pump in the court. 
 
 1779, March 8, No prifoners. 
 
 BATTLE. Two rooms fourteen feet by twelve and a half, in 
 one of which is a chimney, in the other the flocks. Court- yard 
 not fecure. No water, but in the keeper's garden. Allowance, 
 feven farthings a day i the fame, the old keeper fays, in the thirty 
 years of his time, and in the many years of his father's time. 
 Salary, ;^io. Fees, 3^. 4^. 
 
 1779, April 1 8, No prifoners. 
 
 RYE. The town gaol is an old tower. The lower rooms arc, 
 one about feventeen feet diameter, with a fire-place, and two 
 fmall ones of about fix (eet ; and above ftairs are three rooms of 
 the fame dimenfions. Allowance to prifoners, three halfpence 
 a day. Fees, 3J. 4^. No table. Salary, none. Keeper, a 
 fergeant at mace. 
 
 1779, April 18, No prifoners. 
 
 R2 SURRY. 
 
132 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 U R R Y. 
 
 Surry. COUNTY GAOL IN SOUTH W ARK. 
 
 No alteration. The gaol was clean, and none of the prifoners fick. 
 
 Here I would juft mention, that all the rags left by the felons 
 after every affize, ought to be immediately buried (the earth abforbs 
 putrid matter) or burnt j as they only ferve to harbour vermin, dirt, 
 and infecftion. 
 
 1779, Aug. 9, Debtors 23. Felons &c. 14. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 St. GEORGE'S FIELDS. No alteration. The fines or convifts 
 are with the other prifoners, and have the fame allowance. All 
 are entirely without employment.* 
 
 1779, Aug. 9, Prifoners 44. 
 
 KINGSTON UPON Thames. The ad for preferving the health 
 of prifoners was hung up, but little attention paid to it. The 
 prifon was dirty, and the prifoners unemployed ; the keeper in- 
 forming me, that they were not committed for hard labour, 
 though one was imprifoned for a year. The three-halfpenny loaf 
 weighed feventeen ounces and a quarter. 
 
 1779, March 11, Prifoners 6« 
 
 * At my laft vifit I obferved the convifls were employed, in Chrkeniuell bridewell, 
 in picking oakum, as I have fecn in fomc houfes of corredlion near the fea fliore. 
 This is a fdutary employment, as the ftrong fcent of the pitch and tar may counteraft 
 any contagious or unhealthy effluvia in the work-rooms. 
 
 KINGSTON 
 
Home Circuit. SURRY, &c. 
 
 ^33 
 
 KINGSTON TOWN GAOL. Surry. 
 
 No alteration. 1779, March 11, Debtors 3. 
 
 GUILDFORD BRIDEWELL. 
 
 Three new rooms up flairs were lately added, and the neceflary 
 fewers. The ad for preferving the health of prifoners painted on a 
 board was hung confpicuoufly up in the court. None were at work. 
 1779, March 9, Prifoners 3. 
 
 NORFOLK CIRCUIT. 
 
 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 
 COUNTY GAOL at AYLESBURY. Buck. no- 
 
 HAMSHIRE. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 Two men, fentenced for three years, had continued here two years 
 and a half j one of them was much emaciated by confinement 
 without work. 
 
 1779, Feb. 25, Debtors 6. Felons &c. 12. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 AYLESBURY. No alteration. 1779, Feb. 25, Prifoners 3. 
 
 NEWPORT PAGNEL. Two cells in the back court of a 
 public houfe, feven feet by fix and a half, and fix feet high. 
 The apertures in the doors ten inches by nine. No water; no 
 
 allowance j 
 
134 APPENDIX. 
 
 Bucking- allowance; no employment. The keeper lives diflant. Salary, 
 
 HAMSHIRE. 
 
 j^20. He pays rent two guineas. 
 
 ' ' °' "''"' Z No prifoners. One or two had lately efcaped. 
 
 Odob. 13, 5 
 
 WEST-WYCOMB. This prifon was lately removed from High- 
 Wycomh, and the keeper was difmifled at the Michaelmas Seflions, 
 1778, for inattention. It confifts of two garrets in the prefent 
 keeper's lioufe. The windows are almoft clofed up, by ftrong 
 planks nailed acrofs for fecurity. His falary, ^^o. 
 
 1779, April 23, No prifoners. 
 
 BUCKINGHAM TOWN GAOL. 
 
 Two rooms below ; one of which is the bridewell : the other for 
 felons fifteen feet and a half by twelve. Over thefe are two rooms 
 for debtors. No water. Gaoler no falary. Keeper's falary, ^2. — 
 
 Over the gate on a board is this infcription : 
 
 " The Right Honourable Richard Grenville 'Temple Lord Vifcount 
 " Cohham caufed this Edifice to be eredted at his own expenfe for 
 " the ufe of this Town and County : The Summer AfTizes being 
 " reltored to this place and fixed here by A6t of Parliament in the 
 " year 1748." 
 
 1779, Oct. 14, No prifoners but a raving lunatic. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Norfolk Circuit. B E D F O R D S H I R E, &c. 135 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at BEDFORD. Bedford- 
 
 SHIR£. 
 
 No alteration. The prifon very dean. 
 1779, Oft. 16, Debtors 7. Felons &c. 2. Deferters 2. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at BEDFORD. 
 
 No alteration. This prifon alfo clean. 
 1779, Oft. 16, Prifoners 2. 
 
 BEDFORD TOWN GAOL. 
 
 Two new rooms. No apartment for the gaoler : no court : 
 no water. 
 
 1779, Oft. 16, No prifoners. 
 HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at HUNTINGDON. Hunting- 
 
 DONSHIRE. 
 
 No alteration, but the gaol not clean as formerly. Claufes of aft 
 againft Ipirituous liquors are hung up. 
 
 Surgeon now Mr. Perkins. 
 1779, Sept. 22, Debtors 11. Felons &c. 14. Deferters 4. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE- 
 
ij6 APPENDIX. 
 
 CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 
 Cam- county gaol, CAMBRIDGE CASTLE. 
 
 BRIDGE- 
 SHIRE. No alteration, but the rooms boarded and made more fecure. 
 
 1779, Sept. 23, Debtors 21. Felons &c. 2. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at CAMBRIDGE. 
 
 There are now two work-rooms, and two lodging-rooms. 
 Mr. Saunders the keeper is attentive and humane. The priibners 
 have the whole profit of their work. 
 
 1779, Sept. 23, Prifoners 7. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE TOWN GAOL. 
 
 J 77 9, Sept. 23, Debtor i. Felons &c. 2. 
 No alteration: but I now give the table of fees. 
 
 An Account of the Fees that have been anciently and cuftomarily 
 
 paid to the Gaoler or Keeper of the Tolbooth Prifon in the Town 
 
 oi Cambridge, viz. 
 
 For every debtor £. S. D. 
 
 The commitment fee — — 0:6 
 
 The withdrausht or difcharging fee which is paid afterwards T 
 to the Mayor at every port — — J 
 
 I 
 
 For the care of the prifoner and chamber per week — o : : 
 
 The 17 January 1765 
 At the General Quarter SefTions of the Peace held for the Town 
 of Cambridge — We the Juftices — of the faid Town — having reviewed 
 the abovefaid Table of Fees, do allow and confirm the fame 
 
 JV'^ Norfolk IF IVhifKin, Mayor Edward Leeds 
 
 W U E'Jjen Llias Soivjier King Whiltred 
 
 CAMBRIDGE 
 
Norfolk Circuit. CAMBRIDGESPIIRE, &c. 137 
 
 CAMBRIDGE TOWN BRIDEWELL. Cam- 
 
 bridge- 
 In the fpring, ^779, feventeen women were confined in the day- s"i*e« 
 time, and fome of them at night, in the work-room, which has no 
 fire-place or fewer. This made it extremely ofFenfive, and occafioned 
 a fever or ficknefs among them, which alarmed the Vice-chancellory 
 who ordered all of them to be difcharged. Two or three of them 
 died within a few days. There are now added two rooms, in one of 
 which are five cages about feven feet fquare : no fire-place. 
 1779, Sept. 23, Prilbners 6, and i Lunatic. 
 
 ELY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration, but the walls in the debtors court raifed. 
 1779, Sept. 23, Debtors 7. Felon i. and i Lunatic. 
 
 ELY BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Sept. 23, Prifoners 2. 
 
 WISBEACH GAOL and BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 1779, March 29, Debtors 2. Impreffed Men 3. 
 • Oftob. 10, — I. Felons &c. i. 
 
 NORFOLK. 
 
 COUNTY GAOL, NORWICH CASTLE. Norfolk. 
 
 No alteration, but guard or barrack beds in the dungeon. 
 Surgeon now Mr. Brown. Salary, ^^40. 
 
 S At 
 
ijS APPENDIX. 
 
 NoRrotK, At Lent Aflize, 1779, twenty-feven prifoncrs were carried to 
 netfordy and confined there four nights, moft of them in the dungeon. 
 
 1779, March 31, Debtors 24. Felons &c. 29. 
 
 NORWICH CITY and COUNTY GAOL. 
 
 The prifoners bread allowance noio twelve ounces : ftraw, ^^i : 6 : o 
 a year. Claufes of aft againfl fpirituous liquors are hung up. 
 
 The women have ftill their low night-room, and no feparate day- 
 room. The room adjoining, improperly ufed for a y?^/(:', would be 
 very convenient. 
 
 Gaol-delivery being only once a year, three prifoners muft be 
 confined from eight to ten months before their trial : as two were 
 committed Nov. 6, 1778, and one woman Aug. 22, 1778. 
 
 1779, March 31, Debtors 19. Felons &c. 5. 
 
 NORWICH CITY BRIDEWELL. 
 
 The prifoners were at work. The daily allowance is two penny- 
 worth of bread. The keeper's falary, £i^. Here is no feparate court 
 for the women. 
 
 I DID not know, till this vifit, that here are dungeons down fifteen 
 fteps ; in one part four for the inen ; and in another part, three for 
 the "joomen. In thefe, as in the other rooms, are cribs. It is to be 
 hoped that Gentlemen who have made many improvements in their 
 gaol, will be fo confiderate as to order thefe cells to be barred to all, 
 unlefs to fuch as are very refraftory and difobedient. 
 
 1779, March 31, Prifoners 7. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Norfolk Circuit. NORFOLK. 
 
 '139 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. Norfolk: 
 
 SWAFFHAM. No alteration, but now licence for beer: — 
 and claufes againft fpirituous liquors not hung up. Straw, 
 10S. a year. Keeper's falary, £i6. Surgeon, Mr. Say : he makes 
 a bill. 
 
 1779, March 29, Prifoners 11, including the Lunatic. 
 
 WYMUNDHAM. No alteration, but the dungeon arched with 
 brick. It is fifteen feet and a half by eight feet, and fix feet high: 
 a dirt floor : has two apertures at the top, of a foot diameter. 
 The Juftices feem to have overlooked a claufe in a late aft of 
 parliament, " to prevent the prifoners from being kept under 
 " ground, whenever they can do it conveniently," * as there is 
 abundant room on the premifes. 
 
 In the room up flairs were four dirty pale and fick women at 
 work, with padlocks on their legs, though never out in the court 
 except on Sundays. The very fmall quantity of ftraw on the 
 floor was worn almofl to dull. 
 
 1779, March 30, Prifoners 5. 
 
 A Y L S H A M. In the floor of the work or day-room is a trap- 
 door into a dungeon, which is nine feet and a half by fix feet. 
 Above fl:airs are three rooms not fecure. No fire-place : no ftraw : 
 the court not fecure ; prifoners in it only on Sundays : no 
 water : no fewer : no implements for work : no allowance, but 
 two pennyworth of bread a day to vagrants. Keeper's falary, 
 
 ^13:6:8. 
 
 1779, April I, Prifoners 4. 
 
 • Anno 14 George III. Cap. XLIII. 
 
 S 2 ACLE. 
 
140 APPENDIX. 
 
 Norfolk. ACLE. A DAY-ROOM and a room over it. Down nine fteps arc 
 two dark dungeons, eight feet by five feet ten inches. This prifon 
 is quite out of repair. The date on it is 1633. No court: no 
 water accefTible to prifoners : no allowance : no ftraw. The 
 keeper's falary, £^16. 
 
 1779, April 2, Prifoners none. 
 
 WALS INGHAM. A room fifteen feet by eight in the keeper's 
 court-yard, with two dark lodging-rooms about feven feet fquare, 
 and ftraw on the brick floors. The walls of the court not fecure. 
 Prifoners in irons. Claufes of aft againft fpirituous liquors not 
 hung up. Keeper's falary, ;^i3 : 6 : 8. Fees, 2J. 
 J 779, Oft. 10, Prifoners 2. 
 
 THETFORD TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Sept. 24, Prifoner i. 
 
 YARMOUTH TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, April 3, Debtors 4. Felons &c, 4. 
 
 YARMOUTH TOWN BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, April 3, Prifoners none. 
 
 LYNN REGIS TOWN GAOL. 
 There are proper rooms for debtors, felons, and petty offenders, 
 and three cells for the condemned. The Gentlemen of the Corpo- 
 ration have been fo companionate, as to order cribs in the two rooms 
 for felons, befides ftraw and two coverlids. The gaoler's falary is 
 now jTao. 
 
 1779, March 29, Debtors 3. Felons &c. 4. 
 
 Odober 9, — j. — 2. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Norfolk Circuit. SUFFOLK. 141 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at IPSWICH. Suffolk. 
 
 I FOUND this prifon clean, though full of prifoners. In the centre 
 of the ceiling of the new chapel is an aperture covered by a fmall 
 turret, which keeps this room airy and pleafant. All prifon chapels 
 Ihould be thus fupplied with frefli air.* 
 
 Here are no alterations, but the water from the pump conveyed 
 through the fewers, which prevents the court-yard, which is fmall, 
 from being ofFenfive j and there is allowance to the gaoler for con- 
 veying prifoners to Bury. 
 
 1779, April 5, Debtors 24. Felons &c. 23. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 IPSWICH. This prifon is greatly improved. The work-rooms 
 and chambers are wow twenty k^t by thirteen and a half. The 
 court forty feet by thirty-four. 
 
 1779, April 5, Prifoners none. 
 
 WOODBRIDGE. This prifon is much improved. The two 
 rooms enlarged, are twenty-eight feet by fixteen : the lower 
 room is nine feet high : to each are three windows and a fire- 
 place. The court is enlarged, and made fecure : it is to be hoped 
 the Juftices will order a pump. 
 
 1779, April 4, Prifoner i. 
 
 BECCLES. No alteration. Nopumpin the court; no feparate apart- 
 ments for women, v/hich there might be, as the keeper has a large 
 
 * See Dr. Prieflky's Experiments, &c. p. 281. His words are, " I would ad- 
 
 *' vife, therefore, that when large rooms are built, provifion be made for letting out 
 
 *' the vitiated air at the top of thera." 
 
 garden. 
 
142 APPENDIX. 
 
 Suffolk. garden. In the room called the Ward, is a window to the (Ireet 
 
 which is highly improper, as I have feen numbers of idle perfons 
 crowding about it. 
 
 1779, April 2, Prifoners, 6 Men, 3 Women. 
 
 In this vifit the keeper fhewed me an old table of fees on 
 parchment, which I here copy. 
 
 The Gaoler's Fees for the County of Suffolk agreed upon 29 of 
 March 1676 by the Juftices of the Peace underwritten. 
 
 £. S. D. 
 
 Inprimis for every perfon committed in court — — 0:1:8 
 
 Item for every perfon committed out of court — — 0:3:4 
 
 Item for every perfon committed upon warrant or procefs — 0:3:4 
 
 Item for every perfon committed upon execution — — 0:6:8 
 
 Item to the turnkey — — — —0:1:0 
 
 Item for evary perfon upon his acquittal for felony — — 0:6:8 
 
 Item for every perfon committed upon outlawry — — o : 10 : o 
 Item for every prifoner lodging in the gaoler's bed for every night 1 
 
 taking no diet in the houfe — — — J ' " 
 
 Taking diet — — — — 0:0:4 
 
 If he find his own bed and take diet — — — 0:0:3 
 
 If he take no diet — — — — 0:0:4 
 
 Item for every prifoner that is not a felon that will go into the ward 7 
 
 and lye there for every night — — __ J ■ " 
 Item if two lye in one bed and take diet in the houfe for both — 0:0:6 
 
 If they take no diet — — — —0:0:3 
 For the two bed chambers in the houfe as they can agree, 
 
 Hemy Felton Antb. Ga-xdy Tbo'. Edgar 
 
 Rob'. Brake Tho'. Bacon Ch'. Shelton 
 Tho. Smith Tho'. Bade 
 
 Ex per Ro. Clarke V. C. P. Com. 
 
 Since allowed by the Judges at the Afllzes at Bufy. 
 
 LAVENHAM. 
 
Norfolk Circuit. SUFFOLK. 
 
 H3 
 
 LAVENHAM, No alteration. The prifon is out of repair : a Suffolk. 
 prifoner lately efcaped, for which the keeper was fined, though 
 the negledl lay in the magijirates. No ftraw. No proper repara- 
 tion of women prifoners : an old out-houfe and ftable of the 
 keeper's might be made convenient for them. 
 
 1779, April 6, Prifoners 3. Imprefled Men 15. 
 Sept. 25, — 3. 
 
 CLARE. The three prifoners had each a heavy chain, and the 
 two imprefled men had chains and logs. Each prifoner pays a 
 penny a day for ftraw. No juftices have vifited this prifon for 
 fifteen years. 
 
 1779, April 6, Prifoners 3 Women. ImprefTed Men 2. 
 Sept. 25, — I. 
 
 MILDEN HALL. Two rooms; the lower eleven feet by ten, 
 
 and the upper twelve feet by eight. No fire-place : the prifon 
 
 out of repair : court not fecure : no fewer. Claufes of adb againfl: 
 
 fpirituous liquors not hung up. Keeper's falary, ^T 10. No fees. 
 
 1779, Sept. 24, No prifoners.* 
 
 BURY St. EDMUND'S GAOL. 
 They are now repairing the court-yard, and making it fecure by 
 chevaux defrije. 
 
 1779, April 5, Debtors 18. Felons &c. 5. 
 
 • The work-houfe, or houfe of induftry for this parifh, fitaated near the church, 
 was the cleaned I ever faw. Here were upwards of forty perfoiis whofs countenances 
 befpoke their fatisfaftion and the attention paid to them. If all the parifhes had been 
 as careful to promote deanlinefs and induftry in tlieir own work-houfes, there would 
 have been no occafion for other houfes of induftry, moft of which I have vifited in 
 this and the adjoining county. 
 
 BURY 
 
144 APPENDIX. 
 
 Suffolk. BURY BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, April 5, Prifoners 2. 
 
 SUDBURY GAOL AND BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Sept. 25, No prifoners. 
 
 MIDLAND CIRCUIT. 
 WARWICKSHIRE. 
 Warwick. COUNTY GAOL AT WARWICK. 
 
 tHIRE. 
 
 The Juflices of this county have taken the gaol and bridewell 
 under confideration, and propofe that debtors and felons, and alfo 
 men and women, in both, fliall be entirely feparated, A chapel and 
 infirmary alfo are defigned. May it not be hoped that Gentlemen fo 
 confiderate will not continue the damp and ofFenfive dungeon, which 
 has only an aperture level with the court, of three feet two inches 
 diameter. 
 
 There were hung up in the debtor's hall fome rules againfl: pro- 
 fanenefs, rioting, and drunkennefs, with penalties annexed -, but I 
 was forry to find among them that " Every debtor at his or her firft 
 coming mufl: pay for garnifli as. 6d" 
 
 1779, March 0.6, Debtors 22. Felons Sec. 28, 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at WARWICK. 
 
 This prifon is to be enlarged and improved. See the Remarks 
 
 above on the county gaol. The keeper's falary is now ^^40. 
 
 1779, March 26, Prifoners 12. 
 
 COVENTRY 
 
Midland Circuit. WARWICKSHIRE. 
 
 COVENTRY CITY and COUNTY GAOL. 
 
 1779, March 26, Debtors 11. Felons &c. 3. 
 
 Nov. 2j, — 5. — 4. Deferters 4. 
 
 No alteration in the gaol, but a table of fees is now hung up. 
 Many rooms might be made for criminals in the adjoining old 
 county-hall ; in which cafe the damp unhealthy dungeons need not 
 be ufed, and the fexes might be feparated. 
 
 Coventry. A TABLE OF DEBTORS FEES, 
 
 As fettled — by his Majefty's Juftices of the Peace for the City of 
 Coventry — at the General Quarter Seffions of the Peace held at 
 the faid City— the 12 day of January 1778 according to — an a6l 
 of Parliament — the 32 George the II. — for the Relief of Debtors. 
 
 £. S. D. 
 
 Every prifoner that lies on the keeper's fide if he has a bed to himfelfi 
 
 pays by the week — — — | . . o 
 
 Thofe prifoners on the keeper's fide, and have a bed between two, i 
 
 pays each by the week — — — j ' 
 
 If on the common fide each prifoner weekly — — o : 
 
 To the gaoler for difcharging every prifoner committed or detained in T 
 
 his cuftody — — — — j ' 
 
 To the turnkey on every fuch difcharge — — 
 
 To the under-fherift' for every difcharge — — 
 
 For receiving and entering every declaration — — 
 
 For a copy of each warrant againll each prifoner — 
 
 For every certificate of the caufe of a prifoner being detained in prifon > 
 in order for being difcharged — — 5 
 
 Sam'. Vale, Mayor. John Minfter. 
 
 John Clark. ThoK L. Smith. 
 
 2.0 March 1778. I have reviewed the above table of fees, and do 
 hereby eftablifli and confirm the fame 
 
 W. H. ASHURST. 
 
 T COVENTRY 
 
 H5 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 1 : 6 
 
 : 6 
 
 13 : 4 
 
 2 : o 
 4 : o 
 
 1 : O 
 I : o 
 
 3 : o 
 
 Warwick- 
 shire. 
 
146 APPENDIX. 
 
 COVENTRY CITY BRIDEWELL. 
 
 Warwick 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 The old town-hall is now made into a work-fhop, and two lodging- 
 rooms for men ; the women have their feparate room, and a fmall court. 
 Water is laid in to both apartments. 
 
 1779, March 26, Prilbner i. 
 Nov. 25, — I. 
 
 B I R M I N G HA M TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Aug. 23, Debtors o. Offenders 8. 
 
 LEICESTERSHIRE. 
 Leicester- COUNTY GAOL at LEICESTER. 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 No alteration, but an infcription on a board fixed over the gate, 
 " That no garnifli is allowed to be taken." 
 
 It was remarked in my former work, that " the fituation of the 
 " gaol is fo confined, that it cannot be made convenient or healthy." 
 But I might have hinted, that the Cajlle Hill is near the Shire-Hall, 
 and is a fine fpot for air and water. 
 
 1779, March 27, Debtors 23. Felons &c. 10. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 LEICESTER. The allowance now is two-penny worth of bread 
 
 a day after a month'sconfinement. In theprifon is painted on a board : 
 
 " By Order of the Court at Eafter Seflions 1778, That there 
 
 " fliall be no Ale or Beer brought into this Prifon on a Sunday, 
 
 " nor after 7 ©'Clock in the Evening on a Week day." 
 
 I beg 
 
Midland Circuit. LEICESTERSHIRE. 147 
 
 S H 1 K G . 
 
 I beg leave to fuggefl:, that if a wall were built with brick, LticESTER- 
 inftead of the clay wall, there would be no need for a chain and a 
 log, to fecure the prifoners in the court. The apartments alfo 
 would be more airy, and men and women might be feparated, if 
 the narrow court were enlarged from the orchard, which is now 
 let by the keeper for £6 per annum. 
 
 1779, March 27, Prifoners, 4 Men and 4 Women. 
 
 MELTON-MOWBRAY. No alteration. 1779, Sep. 21, No prifoners. 
 HINKLEY. No alteration. 1779, March 28, No prifoners. 
 
 LEICESTER TOWN and COUNTY GAOL. 
 
 1779, March 27, Debtors 3. Felons &:c. 2. 
 No alteration j but a table of fees now hung up. 
 
 Borough of Leicejier in the County of Leicefier. 
 
 A Table of Fees taken by the Keeper of his Majefty's Gaol for 
 the faid Borough. 
 
 C' S. D. 
 
 For lodging every prifoner/^r week — — 0:2:4 
 
 For a room, of every perfon who finds his own bed /«■ week — o : 1:0 
 
 For the gaol fees for the difcharge of every prifoner — 0:13:4 
 
 For the turnkey — — — 0:2:0 
 A room called the debtors room if they find their own bed to pay 
 
 For the copy of every warrant or commitment — o : 1:0 
 
 For figning a certificate in order to obtain a fuperfedeas — o : i : o 
 
 At the delivery of every declaration — — 0:1:0 
 Attending upon every prifoner to give ball, fpecial bail, habeas or i 
 
 any thing neceffary to go out of gaol for every mile travelling j 
 
 T 2 Michaelmas 
 
148 APPENDIX. 
 
 Leicester. Michaelmas SefTions 1776. 
 
 We whofe names are hereunto fubfcribed three of his Majefly's 
 Juftices of the Peace for the Borough of Leicefter aforefaid do 
 hereby allow the above Fees to be taken (the 13^. and 4^. above 
 to the gaoler and the is. to the turnkey where the prifoner againft 
 whom no bill of indiftment fhall be found by the grand jury, and 
 who, on his or her trial fliall be acquitted, or who fliall be dif- 
 charged by proclamation for want of profecution, only excepted.) 
 Will. Burleton, Recorder. Rob'. Pcdcb. Jojb. John/on. 
 
 We the Judges of AfTize for the Borough of Leicejler aforefaid have 
 reviewed and do hereby confirm the above Table of Fees. Given 
 under our hands this aid day of March 1777. 
 
 G. NARES. S. S. SMYTHE. 
 
 LEICESTER TOWN BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration : but the keeper's falary augmented to £^. 
 1779, March 27, No prifoners. 
 
 derbyshire. 
 derbv. county gaol at derby. 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 No alteration. The aft for preferving the health of prifoners 
 hung up. 
 1779, ^^y ^4' Debtors 12. Felons &c. 6. ImprefTed 5. Deferters 3. 
 
 derby town gaol. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 14, Debtors o. Felons &c. o. 
 
 county 
 
Midland Circuit. D E R B Y S H I R E, &c. 149 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at CHESTERFIELD. Derby- 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 No alteration. This prifon is quite out of repair. A court might 
 be made in one of the keeper's gardens, 
 
 1779, May 14, Prifoner i. Imprefled Men 3. Deferter i. 
 
 CHESTERFIELD GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. I found in this prifon a ftrong bedftead, which 
 had been compaffionately left by a poor prifoner, that it might be 
 fome relief to his unhappy fuccefTors. 
 
 1779, May 14, Debtors none. 
 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at NOTTINGHAM. Notting- 
 
 hamshire. 
 
 The felons court is more airy, the wall being now palifaded ; and 
 there is an entire feparation of debtors and felons. There is a new 
 room for the turnkey, and adjoining, a dark lodging-room for women. 
 
 1779, Sept. 19, Debtors 12. Felons &c. 5. 
 
 NOTTINGHAM TOWN GAOL. 
 
 1779, Sept. 19, Debtors 2. Felons &c. none. 
 
 No alteration, but a table of fees hung up. 
 
 'Town 
 
I50 A P P E N D I X. 
 
 N o T T I N c - 'To-jon of Nottingham ; 
 
 HAMSUIKE. 
 
 A Table of Fees to be taken by the Gaoler or Keeper of his 
 Majefty's Gaol for the Town oi Nottingham ; ofPrifoners con- 
 fined for Debt therein, as fettled by us — Juftices of the Peace — 
 on Thurfday the Tenth Day of April, One Thoufand Seven 
 Hundred and Seventy-feven — as follows : 
 
 For the lodging and board of each prifoner, when he lodges and diets ) 
 
 with the gaoler, per week, feven Ihillings. — — J • 7 • o 
 
 For each prifoner when fuch prifoner hath a roora and a bed of the j 
 
 gaoler and diets himfelf, by the week, two (hillings. — \ ' 
 
 For each prifoner when he hath a room of the gaoler, and finds his i 
 
 own bed and diets, by the week, fix pence. — — j ' ' 
 
 For the difcharge of each prifoner, thirteen Ihillings and four pence. o : 13 : 4 
 
 For the turnkey for the fame, one (hilling and four pence. — o : 1:4 
 
 The gaoler is to take notice, that if he takes nnore than the above 
 fums he is liable to forfeit to the party aggriev'd for each offence the 
 fum of fifty pounds, (exclufive of the penalties inflifted by former ads). 
 
 And the faid Juftices do order and diredt, that the clerk of the 
 peace for this town and the county thereof, do as foon as conveni- 
 ently may be, put up a copy of this table in fome confpicuous open 
 place within tlie gaol of the faid town, in order that the fame may 
 be infpefted as occafions may require, and be preferved within the 
 faid gaol and reforted to by the faid prifoners at all reafonable times 
 in the day-time without paying any thing for the fame, after the ori- 
 ginal table (which is now ingrofled on parchment, and is intended to 
 be filed amongft the records of this court) has been reviewed and 
 confirmed, or moderated by the Judge of Aflize at the next AlTizes 
 to be holdcn for this town. 
 
 W. H. ASHURST. 
 
 Tho. Sands, Mayor. Rich. Butler, Aid. John Fellows, Aid. 
 
 NOTTING- 
 
Midland Circuit. N O T T I N G H A M S H I R E, &c. 151 
 
 NOTTINGHAM TOWN BRIDEWELL. Nott.ng- 
 
 No alteration. Here is a mill for grinding horfe-beans. hamshire. 
 
 1779, Sept. 19, No prifoners. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at SOUTHWELL. 
 
 No alteration. A court for the women might be made out of the 
 
 keeper's garden. 
 
 J 77 9, Sept. 20, Prifoners 17. 
 
 NEWARK TOWN GAOL and BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Sept. 20, Prifoners none. Deferters 2. 
 
 BASFORD PRISON. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Sept. 20, Prifoners 2. 
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 COUNTY GAOL, LINCOLN CASTLE. Lincoln- 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 No alteration. Theaft forpreferving the health of prifoners not hungup. 
 1779, May 6, Debtors 22. Felons 14. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 GAINSBOROUGH. No alteration. 1779, May 6, Prif. 5. Lunat. 3. 
 
 FOKINGHAM. No alteration. Prifon out of repair. A lunatic 
 has been confined here fome years. 
 
 1779, May 5, Prifoners 2. 
 
 SPALDING. No alteration, but a pump in the court, which not 
 being fecure, the prifoners have no accefs to it. The furgeon's 
 
 fulary 
 
152 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Lincoln-- falary is ^^12. — A dlftrafted woman has been confined about three 
 
 years. In the laft nine years the keeper had 387 prifoners. 
 1779, March 29, Prifoners 13. 
 Oflob. II, — 2. 
 
 STAMFORD TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration, but the prifon finifhed at the town hall. 
 1779, Sept. 21, Prifoners none. 
 
 BOSTON TOWN GAOL. 
 This is alfo the bridewell. Two damp offenfive rooms about 
 fourteen feet fquare, and over them two rooms for women, and two 
 rooms adjoining for debtors. No court : no water. Claufes of 
 aft againft fpirituous liquors not hungup. Salary, as gaoler ^^lo. 
 as keeper £^. Fees, is. 6d. 
 
 1779, Oft. II, Debtors none. Felons &c. 2. 
 
 LINCOLN CITY and COUNTY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. The aft for preferving the health of prifoners 
 not hung up. 
 
 1779, May 6, Debtor i. Felons none. 
 
 RUTLANDSHIRE. 
 
 Rutland- COUNTY GAOL AT OAKHAM. 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 The whole prifon is thatched. There were no rooms proper for the 
 reparation of men and women, or of bridewell prisoners from felons, but 
 lately a room is made in the barn for that purpofe. The aft for preferv- 
 ing the health of prifoners not hungup. The furgeon now Mr. Berry. 
 1-j-j^, March 28, Debtors 5. Felons &c. 5. Deferters 3. 
 
 Sept. 21, — 3. — 1. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Midland Circuit. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 153 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at NORTHAMPTON. Northamp- 
 
 TONSHIRE, 
 
 1779, March 25, Debtors 14. Felons Sec. 9. 
 Nov, 24, — 15. — 15. 
 
 The gaol clean, and the gaoler attentive and humane to his pri- 
 foners; debtors, felons, and petty ofienders at work, fpinning, making 
 pegs for fhoemakers, &c. Gaoler's falary £2°. 
 
 Two PENCE a day is allowed for meat, to each of the felons. The 
 chapel is in a more convenient fituation than formerly. The table 
 of fees is now fig-ned and hung up. That which the gaoler fhewed me 
 on my former vifits was neither dated, figned, nor hung up j which 
 occafioned my faying in my former work, " No table of fees." 
 
 NorthamftonJIoire, to wit. 
 
 At the General Quarter Seffions of the Peace — holden at Norths 
 
 ampton, in and for the faid County on Thurfday — the Sixteenth 
 
 Day of January, in the Seventeenth Year of the Reign of our 
 
 Sovereign Lord George the Third — before the Reverend John 
 
 Hill, Do£tor of Laws ; Amhroje IJted, Efq. Brook Bridges, and 
 
 Charles Addington, Clerks j Juftices of our faid Lord the King, &c. 
 
 It is ordered, by this Court, that the following Rates and 
 
 Fees be taken by the Keeper of his Majefty's Gaol for the faid 
 
 County J and no other. 
 
 £. s. D. 
 
 For die lodging of every prifoner for debt, in his houfe, per week o : 2:0 
 
 For the difcharge of every fuch prifoner out of cullody for debt — o : 13 : 4 
 Ditto to the turnkey — — — 0:2:0 
 
 For the copy of every warrant — —0:1:0 
 
 For figning a certificate, in ord«r to obtain a fuperfedeas — o : 2:0 
 
 For regiftering a declaration — — 0:1:0 
 
 For attending with every prifoner in order to give bail, or be otherwife i 
 
 difcharged for debt, wi^in xiht lovjn oi Nortbamptoa — J " " 
 
 U And 
 
154 " APPENDIX. 
 
 NoRTHAMP- And it is further ordered, that the above Table of Fees be laid 
 
 70NSHIRE 
 
 before the Judges, at the next affizes to be holden for the faid county, 
 for their revifal and confirmation j and, if the fame fhall be fo con- 
 firmed, that a copy thereof be hung up in fome confpicuous part of 
 the prifon, and another copy in the grand-jury gallery. 
 
 By the Court, 
 
 Morgan, Clerk of the Peace. 
 
 We, the Judges of Aflize for the county of Northampton, have re- 
 viewed, and do hereby confirm, the above-written Table of Fees. 
 Given under our hands, at the Aflizes holden at Northampton, 
 the fourth day of March, 1777. 
 
 S. S. SMYTHE. G. NARES. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 KETTERING. This prifon is in the back-court of the keeper's 
 public houfe. A room for men eighteen feet and a half by fif- 
 teen and a half. Down three fleps a lodging-room eight feet by 
 five and a half, with an aperture in the door fifteen inches by 
 eleven. Court nineteen feet and a half fquare. For women, 
 a feparate court, and a room about the fame fize as the men's 
 day-room : clay floors : windows clofe glazed. No water : no 
 fewer. Claufes of act againft fpirituous liquors not hung up. 
 Keeper's falary, £12. Fees, is. 6d. Receives rent of the county 
 
 1779, Odl. 12, Prifoners 2. 
 
 OUNDLE. Several rooms in a ruinous houfe rented by the 
 county. Keeper's falary, ^12. Fees, jj. 6d. Notable. 
 779, . p . ^ , ^ j^^ prifoners. 
 
 ?, bept. 22, -i 
 Oa. 12, i 
 
 NORTH- 
 
Midland Circuit. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 155 
 
 NORTHAMPTON TOWN GAOL. Northamf- 
 
 TOKSHIRE. 
 
 Two rooms for felons, and one for debtors. The Gentlemen of the 
 Corporation have made a court for the debtors and felons, with fewers, 
 &c. Felons allowance, two pence a day. The gaoler is a bailiff 
 and flieriff's officer: has no falary: pays rent ^^j. Fees, 13 j. 4(/. 
 No table. 
 
 1779, March 25, Debtor i. Felons &c. none. 
 Nov. 24, — I. Deferter i. 
 
 PETERBOROUGH GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Sept. 21, Debtor i. 
 
 PETERBOROUGH BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Sept. 21, Prifoner i. 
 
 BRACKLEY GAOL. 
 
 A room called the Dungeon, four feet fquare, under the ftair-cafe 
 of the town-hall. An oval aperture in the door eight inches by fix. 
 The conftable is gaoler. No court : no water. 
 
 1779, Oa. 13, Noprifoners. 
 
 U 2 OXFORD 
 
156 APPENDIX. 
 
 OXFORD CIRCUIT. 
 BERKSHIRE. 
 
 Berkshire. COUNTY GAOL AT READING. 
 
 No alteration. The common-fide debtors pay one fiiilling and 
 fix pence, and the mafter-fide two fliillings and fix pence a week, for 
 lodging. No table of fees. The chapel is much too fmall. The 
 a6l for preferving the health of prifoners is painted on a board in the 
 debtors court. 
 
 1779, April 21, Debtors 9. Felons Sec. 9. Imprefi*ed Men 19. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 READING. No alteration. The prifon is dirty and out of repair. 
 The county pays rent to the corporation. Men and ivomen toge- 
 ther in the day-time. Only one prifoner fpinning. The wheels 
 and hemp-blocks are the keeper's property. Allowance to petty 
 offenders, two five-farthing loaves each, every Sunday, and one 
 every week-day. Claufes of the aft againft fpirituous liquors 
 hung up : and there were painted on a board, fome Orders proper 
 to be obferved in the bridewell, approved by J. P. ^^udrews 
 and Ferd. Collins, Juftices, at the Qiiarter SelTions, April a8, 1778, 
 
 1779, April 21, Prifoners 7. 
 
 READING TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, April 21, No prifoners. 
 
 ABINGDON 
 
Oxford Circuit. BERKSHIRE. 157 
 
 ABINGDON BRIDEWELL, Berkshire. 
 
 No alteration, but fomewhat cleaner, as lately white-waflied. 
 1779, April 12, Prifoners 3. 
 
 ABINGDON TOWN GAOL. 
 Several rooms over a gateway. The firfl: floor is for debtors. 
 The roonns for felons &c. are above. No court : no water. Al- 
 lowance to felons, three pence a day. Keeper, one of the fergeants 
 at mace : no falary. Fees, Debtors 3^. ^d. Felons 6s. %d. No 
 table : licence for beer. 
 
 1779, April 22, Debtor i. Felons &c. o. 
 
 WINDSOR CASTLE PRISON. 
 
 No alteration. The preamble in the table of fees (for the Honour and 
 Caftle oifVindfor) recites, " that complaint having been made to me 
 " of fome abufes and irregularities committed in demanding and re- 
 
 " ceiving fees, the table being defaced, fo that the words and 
 
 *' figures are hardly legible," — This table was made, the firfl: year of 
 George \\. May lOth, 1728. fubfcribed, Carlijle. There feems the 
 fame ground of complaint with refpefl to the prefent table being de- 
 faced. As the fees are lower here than in mofl: other prifons, the 
 table fhould be preferved to prevent impofitions. 
 1779, March 10, Prifoner i. 
 
 WINDSOR TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, March 10, Prifoner i. 
 
 WALLINGFORD TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 • 1779, April 22, Prifoner i. 
 
 Oft. 20, — o. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
15S APPENDIX. 
 
 OXFORDSHIRE. 
 Oxford, COUNTY GAOL, OXFORD CASTLE. 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 Chaplain now Rev. Mr. Ceiton. 
 
 It is very probable, that the rooms in this caftle are the fame that 
 the prilbners occupied, at the time of the Black AJfize. The wards 
 are clofe and offenfive, fo that if crowded, I fhould not greatly won- 
 der to hear of another /^//z/ ajfize at Oxford. 
 
 1779, Feb. 25, Debtors 12. Felons &:c. 15. 
 July 29, — 13. — 4. 
 
 \ 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 THAME. No alteration in the honje, but in February iht prifoners 
 were carding end fpinning. Claufes of aft againft fpirituous li- 
 quors not hung up. From midfummer 1778 to midfummer 
 1779, twenty-fix perfons were committed to this prifon. 
 
 1779, Feb. 25, Prifoners 4. 
 Oft. 20, — o. 
 
 WITNEY. No alteration in the houfe. The prifoners were at 
 work : the keeper now is a manufafturer, and employs them all. 
 He pays them for their work, two pence a pound for the chain, 
 and three halfpence for thej/joot, fo that each earns about three 
 pence a day. 
 
 1779, February 26, Prifoners 7. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Oxford Circuit. WORCESTERSHIRE. 
 
 j^9 
 
 COUNTY GAOL, WORCESTER CASTLE. Worces- 
 
 TERSHIRE. 
 
 The caftle-yard is raifed and gravelled, A workman for a guinea 
 a year keeps the hand-ventilator always in repair. A larger and 
 more convenient room is now fitted up for a chapel. I found this 
 prifon very clean, efpecially the debtors apartments. The aft for 
 preferving the health of prifoners is written d?i paper, and hung up. 
 
 1779, May i8j Debtors 19. Felons &c. 8. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at WORCESTER. 
 
 Here I found a new keeper : the prifon very clean : and a window 
 
 in the men's night-room up ftairs. The prifoners were employed, 
 
 beating hemp. 
 
 1779, May 18, Prifoners 6. 
 
 WORCESTER CITY and COUNTY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration : the keeper does not ncia pay the window-tax. In 
 relpeft to cleanlinefs, this is a contrafl: to the two prifons immediately 
 preceding. 
 1779, May 1 8, Debtors 6. Felons &c. 4. ImprefTedMenj. Deferters 2. 
 
 KIDDERMINSTER TOWN GAOL. 
 
 Two rooms called dungeons about ten feet by eight, down fix fl:eps, 
 under the market-houfe. No court : no water : no fewer : Debtors 
 from the Court of Requefl:s are cleared in forty days. The cryer is 
 keeper, has a Ihilling a month for attendance, and a fliilling for ftraw. 
 
 1779, Auguft 30, No prifoners. 
 
 STAFFORD- 
 
i6o APPENDIX. 
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. • 
 COUNTY GAOL at STAFFORD. 
 
 Stafford- 
 shire, 
 
 No alteration. The debtors court and free-ward are fpacious ; 
 in the latter is a hand-ventilator for the felons dungeon, which be- 
 ing out of repair, has not been ufcd for fome years. Were 
 the county to allow the fmall fum of a guinea a year, it might always 
 be kept in order, as is done in Worcejler caftle. An alarm-bell in 
 this crowded gaol would be very proper. 
 
 Mr. Hughes {now the furgeon) is apothecary to the county infir- 
 mary, which is near the gaol. He receives ^TS of the ^20 allowed 
 by the county, and the remaining ;^i2 is paid to the vijinnary for 
 drugs. 
 
 1779, May 15, Debtors 40. Felons &c. 14. Imprefled Men 11. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 STAFFORD. No alteration: the prifon clean, and the pri- 
 foners employed in fpinning; but the wheels do not belong to 
 the county. 
 
 1779, ^^y ^5' Prifoners 9. 
 
 WOLVERHAMPTON. No alteration. 1779, Aug. 23, Prifoners 2. 
 
 LITCHFIELD. To the two clofe cells are added two new ones, 
 and two rooms for debtors j a court is enclofed, in which is an 
 offenfive fewer. 
 
 1779, Nov. 26, Debtors 3. Felons &c. i. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Oxford Circuit. SHROPSHIRE. i^i 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at SHREWSBURY. Shrop- 
 
 1779, May 15, Debtors 21. Felons &c. 18. Imp. Man i, Def. 1. 
 Aug. 24, — 23. — 10. — o. — I. 
 
 No alteration. Here are three large lamps in the court fupplied 
 at the county's expenfe. The aft for preferving the health- of prilbners, 
 claufes againft fpirituous liquors, the prohibition of garnifli, and a new 
 table of fees, were all hung up, and very confpicuous. The day-room 
 for felons is fifteen feet and a half by five and a half: men and women 
 together. Here were feveral convifts, one of whom had been ordered 
 to the Thames fummer affize, 1777. 
 
 Shrofjhlre. A Table of the Rates and Fees to be taken by the 
 Gaoler for the County of Salop, fettled — by the Juftices of the 
 Peace for the faid County — the 14th day of July 1778. 
 
 The Chamber Rent. 
 
 C. S. D. 
 To the gaoler for lodging and his furniture on the mailer's fide, each \ 
 
 perfon having a bed to himfelf — per week — \ ' 
 
 But if two lodge in th« fame bed on their own eleftion, then each to i 
 
 pay — — — per week — J ° ' ' • ° 
 
 To the gaoler for fodging of each perfon ia the garrets on the gaoler's ' 
 bed and furniture — — per week 
 
 Jo: 1:0 
 
 Note. No perfon fhall be moved out of a room where he is placed by 
 the gaoler without his own confent, or the confent of two juftices of 
 the peace for the faid county, or neglefl of paying chamber rent. 
 
 That no perfon pay any rent or money whatfoever for lodging on the "% 
 
 common fide, unlefs he ufed the gaoler's bed and furniture, in >o : 1:0 
 which cafe he is to pay — per week — J 
 
 Fees for the Gaoler for Debtors. 
 
 To the gaoler for the commitment of each debtor — — 0:5:0 
 
 To the gaoler for the difcliarge of each debtor — — 0:3:0 
 
 X To 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
SHIRE, 
 
 162 APPENDIX. 
 
 £■ S. D. 
 
 Shrop- To the gaoler for entering in his books every charge upon fucli debtor o : 1:0 
 
 For the copy of every fherifF's warrant (if demanded) — o : 1:0 
 
 But the debtors to have recourfe to fee the book of commitment 
 (if demanded) gratis. 
 To the gaoler for every debtor if detained upon two or more aftions, ") 
 
 fifteen (hillings, including the five /hillings upon commitment?© : 15 : o 
 
 and no more — — — —J 
 
 For receiving and entering every declaration againil debtors in cuftody o : 1:0 
 For every certificate in order for a fuperfedeas, or in order to fue out i 
 
 a rule of court — — — — S ^ ' 
 
 Fees for the Gaoler for Felons or other Crimes. 
 
 To the gaoler for the difcharge of every prifoner found guilty of j 
 
 felony — — IfatAflizes — j° = '3 •• 4 
 
 To the gaoler for the difcharge of every prifoner found guilty of j 
 
 felony — — IfatSeffions — jo: 9:0 
 
 To the gaoler for the difcharge of every prifoner committed for a -j 
 
 certain time, or fined and committed until paid, or bailed out of Co : 7:8 
 
 gaol, or fuperfeded by a juftice or juftices of the peace — J 
 
 But if continued in gaol three months or upwards — 0:9:0 
 
 For the copy of every commitment (if defired) — 0:1:0 
 
 For every certificate of commitment, in order to fue out a habeas corpus o : 2:6 
 
 The following Articles to be allowed by the County. 
 
 To the gaoler for the difcharge of every perfon charged with felony,-* 
 or other crime, or as an acceffary thereto, againft whom no bill I 
 of indictment fhall be found by the grand jur)', or who on his or pO : 13 : 4 
 her trial fhall be acquitted, or who fhall be difcharged by pro- I 
 clamatlon for want of profecution — If at Affizes — -J 
 
 IfatSeffions — 0:9:0 
 
 Cba\ Baldwyn, W. Y. Davenport, IF"'. Sinith, Juftices. 
 
 Auguft 13th 1778. Allowed and confirmed the above Table of Fees, 
 by us 
 
 J. SKYNNER, G. NARES, JudgeS of AffizC. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Oxford Circuit. S H R O P S H I R E, &c. 163 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at SHREWSBURY. Shrop- 
 
 shire. 
 
 Here is a new work-room. Half a Cwt. of coals is allowed 
 
 weekly from Michaelmas to the Lent affize. 
 
 1779, ^^y ^5> Pi'ifoners 6. 
 Aug. 24, — 8. 
 
 SHREWSBURY TOWN GAOL and BRIDEWELL, 
 
 At the Cajlle-gate, confills of fundry rooms over the gateway. 
 Allowance to criminals, three halfpence a day. Fees, Debtors 5^. 6d. 
 Criminals 2^- ^^- "o table. Gaoler's falary, £^. 
 
 1779, May 15, No prifoners, 
 Aug. 24, Debtor i. 
 
 LUDLOW TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 1779, ^^y ^^» Prifoners none. Deferter i. 
 July 27, — 2. 
 
 HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at HEREFORD. Hereford- 
 
 shire. 
 
 •No alteration, but the chapel boarded, and now dry. Here I 
 found feveral convids, two of whom had been ordered to the 'Thames 
 at fummer affize, 1777. 
 
 1779, May 17, Debtors 19, Felons &c. 9. ImprelTed Men 6. 
 
 X2 COUNTY 
 
i64 A P P E N D I X. 
 
 Hereford- COUNTY BRIDEWELL AT HEREFORD. 
 
 iHlRE. 
 
 1779, May 17. The prifoners were in the county gaol, and they 
 were repairing this prifon, for the crojs-wall had fallen in. But the 
 fpot on which it is built is fo confined, that it cannot be convenient. 
 Only two rooms are defigned for work and lodging for both fexes ; 
 and as there is no court, the fewers mufl: make thefe rooms very un- 
 healthy. It might have been better if the Gentlemen had thought of 
 building the bridewell in one of the two very fpacious gardens ad- 
 joining to the county gaol, and occupied by the gaoler j then, if 
 they had no chapel, the prifoners (as thofe in Sbrewjbury bridewell) 
 might have the privilege of public worlliip in the county gaol. 
 
 HEREFORD CITY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 17, Debtors 4. Felons &c. none. 
 
 MONMOUTHSHIRE. 
 MoN- COUNTY GAOL at MONMOUTH. 
 
 MOUTH- 
 
 <H1R£. 
 
 No alteration. Ten of the twelve felons &c. were convidts, four 
 of them at the fummer aflize in 1775. 
 
 1779, June 2, Debtors 6. Felons &c. 12. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at USK. 
 
 The rooms that are now building will be fome fmall improvement 
 of this prifon. The prifoners have fome allowance. The fpinning- 
 
 wheels. 
 
Oxford Circuit. M O N M O U T H S H I R E, &c. 165 
 
 wheels, &c. are not provided by the county. The keeper has all Mon- 
 the profit of the work. shire. 
 
 1779, June 8, Prifoners 7. 
 
 MONMOUTH TOWN GAOL. 
 
 A ROOM on the firft floor for debtors, and another over it for 
 felons. No court : no water. Allowance to felons, two pence a day. 
 Gaoler's falary, ^^. 
 
 ^119' June 2, No prifoners. 
 
 GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 
 COUNTY GAOL, GLOUCESTER CASTLE. Glouces- 
 
 TERSHIRE. 
 
 No alteration. Eight prifoners died about Chriftmas 1778, of 
 the fmall pox. No proper feparation of the fexes, or of the bride- 
 well prifoners from the refl. From the magiftrates inattention to this 
 important point, there is the moft licentious intercourfe ; and all the 
 endeavours of the chaplain to promote reformation, muft necefTarily 
 be defeated, where the moft abandoned are daily encouraging the 
 others in vice. Five or fix children have lately been born in this gaol. 
 
 Eleven of the twenty-four felons ■were fines without any allowance. 
 Claufes of aft againft fpirituous liquors, and the aft for preferving 
 the health of prifoners not hung up. 
 
 1779, June I, Debtors 16. Felons &c. 24. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 LAW FORD'S GATE, BRISTOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 J779, Feb. 8, Prifoners 4. 
 
 Sept. I, — 5. 
 
 • • BERKLEY. 
 
i66 APPENDIX. 
 
 Glouces- BERKLEY. No alteration. The keeper pays out of his falary 
 
 T £RS HIRE 
 
 of £20, £6 a year to the poor of the parifh for ground-rent. 
 1779, June 9, No prifoners. 
 
 CIRENCESTER. No alteration. 1779, June 9, Prifoners 6. 
 
 WINCHCOMB. No alteration. The prifon quite ruinous. 
 
 The old keeper is dead, and his nephew (who is now keeper) 
 
 faid, that " he fhould be obliged to put irons on all the prifoners 
 
 to fecure them." 
 
 1779, May 19, Prifoners none. 
 
 St. BRIAVELL's GAOL for debtors. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, June 2, No prifoners. 
 
 GLOUCESTER CITY and COUNTY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration, but white-wafhed once a year. The city bridewell 
 at the Eajt-gate is now taken down. 
 
 1779, June I, Debtor i. Felon Sec. i. 
 
 WESTERN CIRCUIT. 
 HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Hampshire. COUNTY GAOL AT WINCHESTER. 
 
 The beds are all on crib bedfteads. The gaol was clean. The 
 aft for preferving the health of prifoners was painted on a board, and 
 hung in the court, by order of the juftices. 
 
 The chapel is very low and inconvenient. 
 
 1779, March i. Debtors 12. Felons &c. 16. 
 
 THE 
 
Western Circuit. HAMPSHIRE. 167 
 
 THE CHEYNEY COURT. Hampshire. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, March i. No prifoners. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 WINCHESTER. No alteration. There is only oie day-room 
 
 for men and women. There were four young women among the 
 
 prifoners, 
 
 1779, March i, Prifoners 11. 
 
 GOSPORT. No alteration. 1779, March 6, Prifoners 9. 
 
 ODIAM. No alteration. 1779> March 10, Prifoners 5. 
 
 NEWPORT in the IJle of Wight. The bridewell for twenty-eight 
 parilhes, and the town gaol, are now both in the old work-houfe, 
 four rooms being appropriated to that purpofe. There are two 
 keepers, one for the county bridewell, whofe falary is ^^19 : 5 : o. 
 the other for the gaol, whofe falary is ^.Tj. — The poor are removed 
 to a houfe of induftry (which I vifited)j it was lately erefted for 
 the twenty-nine parifhes, or whole ifland. 
 
 1779, March 5, No prifoners. 
 
 SOUTHAMPTON. 
 
 THE BAR GATE. Sheriff's Ward. Some alteration in the 
 two rooms : but the fewer was offenfive. 
 
 1779, March 3, Debtors 3. 
 
 THE GAOL. No alteration. 1779, March 3, i Prifoner. 
 
 BRIDEWELL. No alteration. 1779, March 3, i Prifoner. 
 
 PORTSMOUTH 
 
i68 APPENDIX. 
 
 Hampshire. PORTSMOUTH TOWN GAOL. 
 
 The alteration, debtors and felons feparated. 
 1779, March 6, Debtors 6. Felon &c. i. 
 
 WILTSHIRE. 
 
 Wiltshire. SALISBURY. The COUNTY GAOL.* 
 
 No alteration in the gaol or bridewell. 
 
 Surgeon, Mr. Curtoys. Salary, £11. 
 
 1779, March i, Debtors 17. Felons &:c. 15. 
 
 CITY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Feb. aS, Debtor i. Felon &c. i. 
 
 Other COUNTY BRIDE WHEELS. 
 
 DEVIZES. The weight of bread allowance, at this time, was 
 one pound and a half. A window is wow made in the keeper's 
 kitchen, which overlooks the court. The prifoners are without 
 employment J the fhutters of the work-room nailed up. No fees 
 are demanded of the prifoners ; the magiftrates of the county pay 
 the gaoler feven fliillings and eight pence for each. Here were 
 three diftraded perfons, one man and two women. 
 
 1779, Feb. 27, Debtor i. Petty Offenders 14. Lunatics 3. 
 
 MARLBOROUGH. No alteration. The keeper's falary, which 
 was raifed from ^^ 20 t0;^50, is to fupply the prifoners with bread, 
 
 • When his Majefly pafTed through this city in 1778, he yvas pleafed to leave 
 j^200 for the difcharge of debtors confined for fums lefs than ^^50 ; by which bene- 
 faflion eleven piifoners were fet at liberty. 
 
 as 
 
Western Circuit. D O R S E T S H I R E, &c. 169 
 
 as the county pays for the fees, feven Ihillings and eight pence WnrsHiRE. 
 at the difcharge of every prifoner. I found no prifoners at work. 
 One of them faid, with evident concern, that " he had been there 
 thirty weeks, and had not earned one half-penny." 
 1779, Feb. 27, Prifoners 4. 
 
 DORSETSHIRE. 
 COUNTY GAOL at DORCHESTER. Dorset- 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 No alteration, but the wards cleaner than in my former vifits. 
 Aft for preferving the liealth of prifoners not hung up. 
 
 1779, Feb. 6, Debtors 14. Felons &c. 6. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at SHERBORN. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Feb. 6, Prifoners 2. 
 
 DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 HIGH GAOL AT EXETER. Devon- 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 I FOUND the men together, encouraging and confirming one another 
 in wickednefsj and the wom.en are obliged to afTociate with them in 
 the day-time. Aft for preferving the health of prifoners not hung up. 
 
 No alteration in this crowded and offenfive gaol ; yet, as an ele- 
 gant fhire-hall is lately finifhed, may it not be hoped that the 
 Gentlemen will turn their thoughts to the gaol ? 
 
 1779, Jan. 31, Felons &c. 23- 
 
 Y SHERIFF'S 
 
J70 APPENDIX. 
 
 Devon. SHERIFF'S WARD, EXETER. 
 
 SHIRE, _ _ 
 
 No alteration. One debtor, on attachment from the Court of 
 Chancer}', has continued here from May 1758, who would not take 
 the benefit of the infolvent a£l:s. 
 
 1779, Jan. 31, Debtors 2^' 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at EXETER. 
 Here are fome improvements for the feparation of men and 
 women : but all were unemployed, and their countenances befpoke 
 mifery and negled. The furgeon and two or three prifoners have 
 died of the gaol fever fince my vifit in 1775. 
 
 1779, Feb. 5, Prifoners 27. 
 
 EXETER CITY and COUNTY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. One woman fick, having been confined three years 
 in the clofe ward on the felons fide. 
 
 1779, Jan. 31, Debtors a. Felons Sec. 2. 
 
 PLYMOUTH TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Feb. 3, Debtor i. Felons none. 
 
 CORNWALL. 
 
 Cornwall. COUNTY GAOL at LAUNCESTON. 
 
 Here is a new gaol for men felons, confiding of four cells, a day- 
 room, and a court. Over the rooms are the gaoler's apartments. 
 Adjoining is the old gaol, which is to be repaired for women felons, 
 as JC500, of the king's bounty of jC^S^Oj Js appropriated to that 
 
 purpofe. 
 
 1779, Feb. 4/ Felons 4. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Western Circuit. C O R N W A L L, &c. 171 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at BODMIN. Cornwall. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Feb. 4, Prifoners 13. 
 
 SHERIFF'S WARD at BODMIN. 
 
 This prifon will foon be difcontinued. 1779, Feb. 4, Debtors 13. 
 
 A VERY convenient and fpacious county gaol and houfe of correc- 
 tion, with feparate and folitary rooms of confinement for each pri- 
 foner, has lately been eredled. It is built on an eminence, where 
 is a conftant current of water. There is a good houfe for the keeper, 
 a chapel, infirmary, &c. By this fpirited exertion, the Gentlemen of 
 this County have eredled a monument of their humanity, and attention 
 to the health and morals of prifoners.* 
 
 SOMERSETSHIRE. 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at IVELCHESTER. Somerset- 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 No alteration. Thomas Hayes, who was committed by order of the 
 Ecclefiaftical Court, was releafed by a claufe inferted in the infolvent act. 
 The aft for preferving the health of prifoners not hung up. 
 1779, Feb. 7, Debtors 33. Felons &c. 15. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 TAUNTON. No alteration. All the prifoners were in irons. 
 1779, Sept. 2, Prifoners 10. 
 
 • I beg leave here to pay my acknowledgments to John Call, Efq. a worthy 
 magiftrate of this county, who has taken unwearied pains in this bufinefs, for his 
 prefent of a very elegant drawing and plan of this prifon. 
 
 Y2 SHEPTON- 
 
ij'i, 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Somerset- SHEPTON-MALLET. No alteration, but white-waflied twice 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 a year. 
 
 1779, Feb. 7, Prlfoners 19. 
 
 BRISTOL CITY and COUNTY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. The gaoler ftill attentive with refpeft to cleanlinefs. 
 1779, Feb. 8, Debtors 44. Felons &c. 21. 
 Sept. I, — 47. — 9. 
 
 BRISTOL CITY BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration. The prifon dirty : ftill no employment. 
 1779, Feb. 8, Prifoners 8. 
 
 BATH CITY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Feb. 10, Debtors 10. Offenders 2. 
 
 BRIDGE WATER TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Sept. 2, No prifoners. 
 
 NORTHERN CIRCUIT. 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 Yorkshire. COUNTY GAOL, YORK CASTLE. 
 
 No alteration : but as the grand jury prefented the gaol, and 
 determined, that a reparation of felons, and alfo rooms for the fick 
 were neceflary j the ground was marked out for an additional build- 
 ing, oppofite to the new fhire-hall. 
 
 1779, ^^y 7> Debtors 76. Felons &c. 14. 
 June 28, — 73. — 16. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Northern Circuit. YORKSHIRE. 173 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. Yorkshire. 
 
 WEST-RIDING, WAKEFIELD. 
 
 No alteratiorij but the infirmary finiflied, corvfifting of two good 
 rooms arched with brick, twenty-one feet and a half by feventeen. 
 1779, May 13, Prifoners 20. Impreffed Men 4. 
 
 NORTH-RIDING, T H I R S K. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, June 28, Prifoners 2, and i Lunatic. 
 
 EAST-RIDING, BEVERLY. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 7, Prifoner r. 
 
 BEVERLY TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 7, Debtors 2. Criminals nooe. 
 
 HAL L-G A R T H, for debtors. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 1779, May 7, Prifoner i. 
 
 YORK CITY AND COUNTY GAOL. 
 
 Water is now laid into this prifon. There is a new room for 
 prifoners committed on fofpicion of felony, thirty-one feet by fourteen, 
 with oppofite and lofty windows, and a chimney. 
 
 The aft for preferving the health of prifoners, painted on a board, 
 
 is hung up in the debtors hall. Gaoler's falary now ^Tio, 
 
 1779, May 7, Debtors j2. Felons 2. 
 
 YORK 
 
174 APPENDIX. 
 
 Yorkshire. YORK CITY BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration. Some prifoners were employed in making cement 
 for the bricklayers. 
 
 1779, May 8, Prifoners 4. 
 June 28, — 8. 
 
 St. PETER'S GAOL. 
 
 No alteration, only lately white-wafhed. 
 1779, May 8, Debtors 2. Felon &c. i. 
 June 28, — 5. — I. 
 
 RICHMOND GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 8, Debtors 6. Petty Offender i. 
 
 RIPPON LIBERTY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 8, Debtors 3. 
 
 RIPPON GAOL, 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 8, Debtor i. Petty Offender i. 
 
 KNARESBOROUGH PRISON, 
 
 For Debtors in the Honour or Foreft of Knarejborough. 
 
 The largeft room is now boarded, has a chimney, and the window 
 glazed. 
 
 1779, ^"^y S' ^o prifoners. 
 
 o 
 
 KNARESBOROUGH PRISON, for Town Debtors. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 1779, M^y ^> ^^0 prifoners. 
 
 KNARES- 
 
Northern Circuit. YORKSHIRE. 175 
 
 KNARESBOROUGH TOWN GAOL. Yorkshire. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 8, No prifoners. 
 
 DONCASTER TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, June 27, No prifoners. 
 
 BRADFORD PRISON, 
 
 For Debtors from the Court of Requefts, for Halifax, Bradfordy &c. &c. 
 
 A NEW prifon, confifting of four rooms, and a work-room. Court 
 not fecure : no water. Deputy keeper pays rent ;^2 : 5 : o a year 
 for his houfe to the gaoler ; who pays rent to the clerk of the court, 
 by whom he is appointed. Prifoners are difcharged at the end of 
 three calendar months. Fees, ^s. See the ASl.* 
 1779, May 13, Prifoners 12. 
 
 LEEDS TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 1 3, No prifoners. 
 
 KINGSTON UPON HULL TOWN and COUNTY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration, but the aft for preferving the health of prifoners 
 painted on a board is hung up. 
 
 1779, May 7, Debtors 8. Felon i. 
 
 KINGSTON UPON HULL BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 7, Prifoners 11. Lunatics i\ one of them is the raving 
 lunatic whom I found at all my former vifits. 
 
 • 17th Geo, III. Cap. XV. 
 
 SHEFFIELD 
 
I7S APPENDIX. 
 
 Yorkshire. SHEFFIELD PRISON, FOR DEBTORS. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 14, Prifoners 8. 
 
 SHEFFIELD TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 14, No prifoners, 
 
 BATLEY PRISON, for debtors. 
 No alteration, but a new table of fees dated 26th of July 1776, 
 fimilar to the former. 
 
 1779, May 13, Prifoners 18. 
 
 HALIFAX PRISON, for debtors. 
 
 No alteration. 
 
 1779, ^*y *3> Prifoners 5. 
 
 DURHAM. 
 
 Durham. COUNTY GAOL at DURHAM. 
 
 No alteration. Five boys between thirteen and fifteen years of age 
 were confined with the mod profligate and abandone4. — The bifliop 
 has humanely filed bills in Chancery for the recovery of the legacies 
 of bifhop Cre'-jje and birtiop /F<po</. 
 
 1779, June 29, Debtors 14. Felons &c. ii. Deferter i. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at DURHAM. 
 The houfe was clean j the prifoners were at work, and their 
 looks befpoke the attention of a good keeper, who noio refides in the 
 prifon. His falary, ^'^o a year, and ten guineas from the rents of 
 the adjoining houfes. 
 
 1779, June 29, Prifoners 9, and 3 Lunatics. 
 
 NEWCASTLE 
 
Northern Circuit. NEWCASTLE upon TYNE. 177 
 
 NEWCASTLE TOWN and COUNTY GAOL. N.wcastle. 
 
 The gaoler has licence for beer and wine. The aft for preferving 
 
 the health of prifoners painted on a board is hung up both on the 
 
 debtors and felons fide. — A palifaded wall is erefted at a little diftance 
 
 from the felons window, to prevent files, &c. being conveyed to 
 
 them. 
 
 1779, June 30, Debtors 13. Felons &c. 4. 
 
 A BRIDEWELL at NEWCASTLE. 
 
 A NEW building is now added, confifting of fix rooms : three of 
 them on the ground floor, feventeen feet by twelve, and arched with 
 brick. The walls of the court not being fecure, no accefs to it for 
 prifoners. Allowance, two pence a day and firing. Keeper, a fergeant 
 at mace: has no falary but the profit of the pri-lbners work. — The 
 water is lately brought near the prifon. Where prifoners are always 
 locked up, there Ihould be water and a fink in each apartment, as I 
 have feen in foreign houfes of corredlion. 
 
 1779, June 30, Prifoners 7. 
 
 A SMALL GAOL AT NEWCASTLE, The Tower of the Clofe. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, June 30, Prifoner r. 
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at MORPETH. Northum- 
 
 berland. 
 No alteration ; but the aft for preferving the health of prifoners, 
 
 painted on a board, was hung up in the debtors hall or chapel. 
 
 1779, July I, Debtors 10. Felons &c. 6. 
 
 Z COUNTY 
 
178. APPENDIX. 
 
 NoRTHUM- COUNTY BRIDEWELL at MORPETH. 
 
 BERLAND. 
 
 No alteration. 
 ^11 9> J"ly ^y Pfi Toners 3. 
 
 Berwick. BERWICK upon TWEED. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, July I, Debtors 2. Felons &c. none. Imprefled Men 8. 
 
 CUMBERLAND. 
 Cumber. COUNTY GAOL AT CARLISLE. 
 
 LAND. 
 
 Here are fome improvements. The felons have now a feparate 
 court. Two rooms over the felons wards, which have been ufed ^ 
 tap-rooms, feem to be intended for the women's ward : but I found 
 that three men zwA four women lodged in one of thefe rooms. The aft 
 for preferving the health of prifoners not hung up. 
 1779, May 10, Debtors 32. Felons &c. 21. French prifoners 12. 
 
 CARLISLE CITY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May 10, Debtors 2 Men, i Woman. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at COCKERMOUTH. 
 
 No alteration. The infecurity of this bridewell is the reafon 
 (I fuppofe) that many for fmall offences are fent to the county gaol. 
 
 1779, May 10, No prifoners. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Northern Circuit. WESTMORLAND. 179 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at APPLEBY. Westmor. 
 
 LAND, 
 
 No alteration. The aft for preferring the health of prifoners not 
 hung up. 
 
 1779, May 9, Debtors 8. Felons 2. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 APPLEBY. No alteration. 1779, May 9, No prifoners. 
 KENDAL. No alteration. 1779, May 11, No prifoners. 
 
 KENDAL TOWN GAOL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, May II, No prifoners. 
 
 LANCASHIRE. 
 COUNTY GAOL, LANCASTER CASTLE. Lanca- 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 I HAD the pleafure to find fix cells made in the oXdftable, ten feet 
 two inches by fix feet eight inches, each having an aperture about 
 two feet by one and a half: and two good rooms fitted up for an 
 infirmary in one of the towers. The debtors rooms were whice- 
 wafhed, and cafements put in their windows : the yard lowered and 
 paved, whicli being on a defcent, may eafily be kept clean. The 
 aft for preferring the health of prifoners, and the claufes againfl: 
 fpirituous liquors hung up very confpicuoufly. The furgeon's falary 
 is ;^io : 10 : o. 
 
 1779, May II, Debtors 72. Felons &c. 11. ImprefTed Men 17. 
 
 Z2 COUNTY 
 
i8o APPENDIX. 
 
 lanca- county bridewells. 
 
 SHJRE. 
 
 PRESTON. No alteration; but the prifon cleaner, and the pri- 
 foners fpinning worfled. There is a new keeper, who is obliged 
 to pay £^o falary to his predecefTor. 
 
 1779, May 12, Prifoners 17. Imprefled Men 5. 
 
 To this prifon, in 1778, there were committed one hundred 
 and twelve prifoners, z'iz. 
 Felony 14, Baftardy 15, Mifdemeans. 46, Vagrants 15, Defert'. 18, Debt^ 4. 
 
 MANCHESTER. No alteration; but the a6l for preferving the 
 health of prifoners, and the claufes againft fpirituous liquors 
 hungup. The employment of the prifoners is fpinning candle- 
 "wick at three halfpence a pound, the keeper being a chandler. 
 In the front of the prifon is a ftone with an aperture into a box, 
 having this infcription : " Pray remember the poor prifoners. 
 ** Sick, and in prifon, and ye viftted me not. Matt. xxv. 43." 
 1779, May 12, Prifoners 11. Imprefled Men 6. 
 
 LIVERPOOL* BOROUGH GAOL. 
 
 This gaol was much cleaner than at my former vifits : the court 
 paved : the aft for preferving the health of prifoners hung up; but 
 the unhealthy dungeons ftill in ufe. The furgeon, Mr. Shertcliffe, 
 whofe falary is ^lo, informed me, that many more had the gaol 
 fever in 1775, than I mentioned in my publication. The gaoler now 
 is Mr. Thomas Lyon : his falary, ;^io. 
 
 1779, Nov. 30, Debtors 25. Deferters 2. ImpreflTed Men 2. 
 
 • The Gcntlcrncn of this Corporation will pleafe to accept my grateful acknow- 
 ledgments for the honour done me in prefenting me with the freedom of the town. 
 
 LIVER- 
 
Northern Circuit. LANCASHIRE. i2i 
 
 LIVERPOOL BRIDEWELL. Lanca- 
 
 shire. 
 
 This prifon was built in 1776. The men and women have fepa- 
 rate rooms, courts, &c. The women have fix rooms below, and the 
 fame number above : the men have four rooms below, and four 
 above. Thefe are twelve feet by ten ; are furnifhed with bedfteads j 
 but are too clofe, having no window, only an aperture in the door 
 about nine inches fquare, and another near the ceiling. They have 
 a large work-room, in which was only one boy. Near this room in 
 the men's court is a. pump, to which the women are tied every week 
 and receive difcipline. In this court is alfo a bath, with a new and 
 fingular contrivance. At one end of it is a ftandard for a long pole, 
 at the extremity of which is faftened a chair. In this all the females 
 (not the males) at their entrance, after a few queftions, are placed, 
 with a flannel fliift on, and undergo a thorough ducking, thrice re- 
 peated — an ufe of a bath which I dare fay the legiflature never 
 thought of, when in their late aft they ordered baths with a view to 
 cleanlinejs and prejerving the health of prifoners ; not for the exercife 
 of a wanton and dangerous kind o( feverity. The women were em- 
 ployed in picking oakum. Allowance, two pennyworth of bread 
 a day. Keeper's falary, £2°. Matron, £10. 
 
 1779, Nov. 30, Prifoners 8. 
 
 WARRINGTON TOWN BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration, but the aperture or window clofed up. 
 1779, Dec. 30, No prifoners. 
 
 CHESTER 
 
a.83 A P P E N D I X. 
 
 CHESTER CIRCUIT. 
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 Cheshire. COUNTY GAOL, CHESTER CASTLE. 
 
 The county has built two good rooms for the gaoler, and fitted up 
 one room for a chapel. Chaplain now Rev. Mr. JVillan. Salary, ^^30. 
 Surgeon, Mr. WiUiamJon, Salary, none : he makes a bill. 
 1779, Aug. 27, Debtors 19. Felons &c. 4. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at M I D D L E W I C H. 
 
 A chaplain is appointed, the Rev. Mr. Leigh. Salary, £10. 
 Duty, three times a week. — The prifoners were all without em- 
 ployment. 
 
 1779, Aug. 28, Prifoners 5. 
 
 CHESTER CITY AND COUNTY GAOL. 
 
 I found the men felons night-room (very injudiciouHy, not to fay 
 cruelly) funk feveral feet.* To prevent the prifoners from being 
 fufFocated, for want of air, two leaden pipes of about an inch diame- 
 ter, are laid in from the gateway. 
 
 1779, Aug. 27, Debtors 7. Felons Sec. 5. 
 
 CHESTER CITY BRIDEWELL. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, Aug. 27, Prifoner i. 
 
 • There feems to have been the fame negleft here of a daufe in a lateafl, that 
 is noted in p. 139 ; which could fcarceiy have happened, had the aft been hung up 
 as therein direfleJ. 
 
 NANTWICH 
 
Chester Circuit. CHESHIRE. 183 
 
 NANTWICH PRISON, for debtors. Cheshire. 
 
 This prifon for the Manor or Barony of IVich-Malbank, otherwife 
 Nantwich, is the property of the Earl of Cholmondeley. It confifts of 
 two or three rooms in the keeper's public houfe. 
 
 1779, Aug. 28, Prifoners 1. 
 
 As the table of fees is of a late date, and fo comprehenfive, I here 
 give the copy. 
 
 A Table of Fees, to be taken by Sheriffs, Under-fheriffs, Bailiffs, 
 or other Officers within the County of Chejler, made, fettled and 
 allowed, at the General Quarter SefTions — held at the Caftle of 
 Chefter, in and for the faid County, the Fifteenth Day of April, 
 1777, and in the 17th — George III. before Sir "Thomas Broughton, 
 Baronet, George Heron, John Townjhend, Charles Mainwaring, 
 Samuel Barrow, Samuel Finney, a.nd Henry Offley IVrighf, Efquires; 
 Samuel Alderfey, Robert Hill, znd John Baldwin, Clerks, Juftices — 
 in purfuance of an A£t made in the 3 2d year o£ George W. 
 
 To the BailifF for every Arrell, as under. 
 
 For an arreft on an attachment for contempt — 
 
 For a debt of 10/. and under 20/. — 
 
 For a debt of 20/. and under 30/. — 
 
 For a debt of 30/. and under 50/. — 
 
 For a debt of 50/. and under 80/. — 
 
 For a debt of 80/. and under 100/. — 
 
 For a debt of 100/. and under 200/. — 
 
 For a debt of 200/. and under 500/. — 
 
 For a debt of 500/. and under 1000/. — 
 
 For a debt of 1000/. and upwards — 
 
 Travelling charges to make fuch arreft, in cafe the arreft be mad 
 
 (except on an attachment for contempt) each mile 
 
 maae i 
 
 £• 
 
 S. D. 
 
 : 
 
 10 : 
 
 : 
 
 10 : 
 
 : 
 
 15 : 
 
 I : 
 
 I : 
 
 I : 
 
 S : 
 
 I : 
 
 il : 6 
 
 2 : 
 
 2 : 
 
 *» • 
 
 12 : 6 
 
 3 : 
 
 3 •■ 
 
 5 ■■ 
 
 5 : 
 
 : 
 
 : 6 
 
 
 For 
 
i84 APPENDIX. 
 
 Cheshire, For Attendance on Arreft to be taken as follows (except on an Attachment for Contempt. ) 
 
 Where the debt does not exceed loo/. for each day 2s. and each night zs. 
 
 Where the debt does exceed loo/. and is not 200/. for each day 3/. and each night 31. 
 
 Where the debt does exceed 200/. for each day 4/. and each night 4^. 
 
 Nothing to be taken for attendance unlefs the defendant does not offer good bail ia 
 
 fix hours, or is not difcharged in that time. 
 
 £. S. D. 
 For executing every writ of Ca : fa : Ft : ffa : Levari facias, and writ i 
 
 ofpolleffion, or other execution, befides flieriff's poundage j 
 
 Travelling charges as in cafe of arreft. 
 For conducing every prifoner to gaol, or fo far as fuch prifoner Ihall 1 
 
 be conducted, in his way to gaol, each mile J 
 
 Houfc expences whilft in cuftody before carrying to gaol (but not on 
 the road) to be allowed after the rate of 2j. 6ii. for every twenty- 
 four hours, and fo in proportion for a lefs time, all expences of 
 prifoners and bailiffs included. 
 For making every dillrefs for rent, under 20/. — ^— o : 5:0 
 
 For 20/. and under 100/. — — — — . o : 6:8 
 
 For above too/. — — — — —' o : 10 : 6 
 
 For attending goods under diilrefs, or taken into execution, for every •» 
 
 twenty-four hours, until the fale is finilhed, one perfon 2/. 6d- { o : 4:0 
 if two pcrfons —— — — ^— — — J 
 
 Travelling charges to make fuch diftrefs, and houfe expences, as in cafe of arreft. 
 No further or other allowance to be taken on account of bailiffs followers, but 
 every bailiff to pay his own followers out of the above fees. 
 
 And it is ordered by the faid Court, that this Table of Fees be 
 
 printed, and immediately difperfed throughout the faid County, by the 
 
 Clerk of the Peace thereof. And to the end that nofheriiF, under-fheriff, 
 
 bailiff, or other officer or minifter, may plead ignorance of the law, 
 
 they may hereby take notice, that none of them are to take any other 
 
 or greater fee or reward than what is above fet forth and allowed, 
 
 upon the pains contained in the faid A(fl. 
 
 By the Court. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Chester Circuit. FLINTSHIRE, 185 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at FLINT. 
 
 ■''No alteration, only the allowance reduced to a pound of bread 
 a day each. This was occafioned by the prifoners not being fatisfied 
 with the former kind allowance of i s. 6d, in bread, and 6d. in money. 
 This gaol is alfo a bridewell. 
 
 1779, Aug. 27, Debtor i. Felons &c. 3. 
 
 RULES to be obferved within the Gaol of Flint. 
 
 1. All prifoners to behave — refpeftfully to keeper — Whoever — 
 ftrike or affault any — to be puniflied by a juftice at difcretion. 
 
 2. No curfing or fwearing — No gaming in the hall nor in private. 
 
 3. Prifoners to retire to their refpedlive rooms — from Lady-day to 
 Michaelmas at nine — from Michaelmas to Lady-day at eight — 
 To be let out in the morning — from Lady-day to Michaelmas 
 at fix — Michaelmas to Lady-day at eight. 
 
 4. Friends or relations — to bring neceflaries, — being — fearched for 
 inftruments if required— Not to flay long-~without leave, except 
 in— ficknefs — nor after the hours of locking up. 
 
 5. The prifoners for felony and mifdemeanors fliall keep in the upper 
 ward— except leave to the contrary, and then not to intermix 
 with the debtors. 
 
 6. No prifoner to remove— the keeper's beds, &c.---nor his own 
 bed— without gaoler's confent. 
 
 7. Prifoners may bring their own beds, and take them away. If 
 they choofe the keeper's bed— pay two fliillings at the end of 
 every week. Upon non-payment the gaoler may take the bed, 
 and put the prifoner to lie in any other room as is ufual for 
 prifoners who cannot bring beds or pay chamber rent. 
 
 A a 8. That 
 
 Flint- 
 shire. 
 
,86 APPENDIX. 
 
 Flint- 8. That the public rooms— be kept and made clean daily — by the 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 prifoners. 
 5. That no prifoners lliall have any oiFenfive weapons— or inftru- 
 ments-~that may conduce to their efcape. 
 
 At the General Quarter Seflions held at Holy zvell— 12th. July— 
 33d George II. 1759. 
 
 We whofe Names are hereunto fubfcribed his Majefty's Juftices of 
 the Peace afiembled in open Seflions aforefaid approve of the 
 above Rules to be obferved within the Gaol of Flint. 
 
 Roger Moftyn, John Glynne, David Pennant^ 
 Thomas Hughes, 'Thomas Thomas. 
 William Wynne, Clerk of the Peace. 
 
 Another COUNTY BRIDEWELL at HANMER. 
 
 Two rooms in a ruinous thatched houfe. No court : no water : 
 no employment. Fees, 3^.6^. No table. Claufes ofadt againfl: 
 fpirituous liquors not hung up. Keeper's falary, ^10 j out of which 
 he pays rent for the houfe. 
 
 1779, Aug. 29, No prifoners. 
 
 DENBIGHSHIRE. 
 Denbigh- COUNTY GAOL AT RUTHIN. 
 
 9HIRE. 
 
 No alterationj but the glafs taken from the windows of the cells, 
 becaufe the prifoners complained that they were too clofe and offen- 
 five. The county has furnilhed each of the debtors rooms with an 
 iron bedftead, two chairs, a table, and a fender. 
 
 1779, Aug. 26, Debtors 2. Felons &c. 2. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Chester Circuit. D E N B' I G H S H I ll E, &c. 187 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. Denbigh- 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 WREXHAM. No alteration. 1779, July 16, Prifoners 2. 
 
 DENBIGH. A ruinous houfe. No court: no water: no fewer. 
 — ^And under the Town-hall the Black Chamber, twenty-four feet 
 by ten, -is ufed as a prilbrt.'— Keeper's falary, £6; out of which 
 he pays to the parilh £j rent for the lioufe. 
 
 1779, Aug. 26, No prifoners: one diftrafbed man : two paupers. 
 
 MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 
 •^!- COUNTY GAOL at MONT GO ME RT.' Montgo- 
 
 MERYSHIRS. 
 
 A large brewhoufe is built for the gaoler. There might be a room 
 over it for a chapel, much more convenient than that now ufed. 
 
 1779, May 16, Debtors 4. Felons &c. 3. Imprefled Man i. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at MONTGOMERY. 
 
 No alteration. Keeper's falary, £13 • ^3 '■ A' No fees. No'" 
 allowance. No materials for. work. 
 
 1779, May 16, Prifoner i. 
 
 NORTH WALES CIRC U IvT. 
 
 ANGLESEY. 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at BEAUMARIS. Anglesey. 
 
 No alteration. 
 1779, J"^y ^4' Debtors 4. Felon &c. i. 
 
 Aa2 CARNAR- 
 
i88 APPENDIX. 
 
 CARNARVONSHIRE. 
 Carnar. county gaol at CARNARVON. 
 
 VONSHIRE. 
 
 This gaol, which is alfo the bridewell, in a ruinous condition. 
 1779, July 24, Debtors 5. Felon &.c. i. 
 
 MERIONETHSHIRE. 
 Merio. county gaol at DOLGELLY. 
 
 NETHSHIRE. 
 
 Allowance now 3^. a week for each prifoner, paid to the gaoler. 
 A chaplain and furgeon are appointed : and the windows have 
 cafements. 
 
 1779, Aug. 25, Debtors 3. Felons &c. 2. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. 
 
 DOLGELLY. Two rooms under the town-hall. No court : no 
 water : no employnnent. Keeper, the county gaoler. Salary, £6. 
 
 iyj9, Aug. 25, No prifoners. 
 
 BALA. Two rooms adjoining to the town-hall, eleven feet fquare. 
 Allowance, 3 J. a week each, paid to the keeper. No court : no 
 water : no employment. Keeper's falary, ^^2. 
 
 1779, Aug. 26, No prifoners. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
Carmarthen Circuit. CARDIGANSHIRE. 189 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at CARDIGAN. Cardigan- 
 
 SHIR£. 
 
 No alteration. Very dirty, and abounds with vermin, as is often 
 the cafe where there is no water. 
 
 1779, June 4, Debtors 2. Felons 8cc. none. 
 
 PEMBROKESHIRE. 
 
 COUNTY GAOL at HAVERFORDWEST. Pembroke- 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 No alteration, but clean and lately white-waflied. An a<5l is 
 pafled for building a new gaolj which, I am informed, is to be 
 where the old caftle now ftands. 
 
 1779, June 5, Debtor i. Felons &:c. 2. 
 
 HAVERFORDWEST TOWN and COUNTY GAOL. 
 
 No alteration for the convenience of prifoners. 
 
 1779, June 5, Debtor, one Woman. 
 
 PEMBROKE TOWN GAOL. 
 Two roomsi no court, no water, no fewer. (See French Prifoners, p. 99.) 
 
 CARMARTHENSHIRE. 
 COUNTY GAOL, CARMARTHEN CASTLE. Carmar- 
 
 THEN SHIRE, 
 
 No alteration. At two of my vifits, here were a number of idle 
 and profane people playing at tennis. ' This is one of the bad efFefts 
 oi licences in gaols. 
 
 ^11 9i June 4, Debtors 14. Felons &c. 8. 
 
 COUNT Y-B O R O U G H-G AOL. 
 
 No alteration ; probably never was wafhed : abounds with vermin. 
 1779, June 4, Debtors none. Felon &c. i. 
 
 SOUTH 
 
19^ APPENDIX. 
 
 SOUTH AVALES CIRCUIT. 
 
 RADNORSHIRE. 
 Radnor. COUNTY GAOL AT PRESTEIGN. 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 No alteration. The gaol ruinous, and the walls propped up. 
 Gaoler's falary now /5 : 5 : o. 
 
 1779, May 17, Debtors 2. Felons &c. 2. 
 
 BRECON SHIRE. 
 Brecon. COUNTY GAOL AT BRECON. 
 
 SHIRE. 
 
 A new gaol and bridewell now building out of the town near the 
 
 river. The fituation is too low, fo that fometimes it may be expofed 
 
 to floods. 
 
 1779, June 3, Debtors 3. Felons &:c. 3. 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at BRECON 
 
 Difcontinued, and the Prilbners fent to the county gaol. 
 
 BRECON TOWN GAOL. 
 No alteration. 
 1779, June 3, No prifoners. 
 
 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 
 Glamor- COUNTY GAOL AT CARDIFF. 
 
 CANSHIRE. 
 
 No alteration, but a chaplain now appointed, the Rev. Mr. Evans ; 
 duty, Sunday and Wednefday ; falary, ^30 : and to the furgeon's 
 falary is added j^20. A table of fees was hung up, but figned only 
 by the Juftices. 
 
 In net one of the gaols in the four TFelcb Circuits was the aft for 
 
 preferving the health of prifoners hung up. 
 
 1779, June 8j Debtors 3. Felons &c. none. 
 
 Glamorgan- 
 
South Wales Circuit. GLAMORGANSHIRE. 191 
 
 Glamorganjhire. A Table of Fees and Chamber Rent to be Glamor- 
 taken by the Gaoler, and alfo the Rates he fhall impofe on each 
 Prifoner that makes ufe of the Gaoler's Bed and Bedding, and 
 Directions for his Governnnent of the Prifon and Prifoners in his 
 Cullody, made in purfuance of the Statute in that cafe made and 
 provided. 
 
 £. S. D. 
 To the gaoler or turnkey at the receiving each prifonsr into his cuftody, 7 
 
 and which fhall be paid by fuch piifoncr bcfoie he is difcharged J 
 To the gaoler upon the difcharge of each prifoner 
 For the lodging of each prifoner in either of the fore-ftreet chambers- 
 
 (the largeft of which (hall contain no more than thr 
 
 the other two beds) fuch prifoner finding his own 
 
 bed cloaths each night, feven farthings 
 For the lodging of each prifoner in either of the fore-ftreet chambers - 
 
 when the gaoler finds fuch prifoner with a fufficient feather bed, ^-0:0:31. 
 
 bolller and bed cloaths, three pence halfpenny per night 
 For the lodging of each prifoner in either of fuch fore-ftreet rooms -j 
 
 at the gaoler's finding a flock bed, duft bed, or other coarfe i- o : o : 2' 
 
 ordinary bed and bed cloaths, two pence halfpenny ^«- night J 
 For the lodging of each prifoner in any or either of the other chambers • 
 
 or rooms in the gaol, when the gaoler finds fuch prifoner 
 
 fufficient feather bed, bolfter and bed cloaths, two pence per 
 For a flock, duft, or other ordinary bed and bedding, one penny per night o : o 
 
 ftreet chambers-* 
 three beds and ( 
 vn bedding and f " 
 
 rs, 
 
 'I 
 
 liambers •\ 
 r with a > o : 
 er nisht J 
 
 That all the prifoners in his cuftody fliall be at liberty to fend out 
 of the gaol for what vidluals and drink they think fit, gratis ; and 
 that the gaoler for the time being fliall not by compulfion or other- 
 wife oblige any prifoner in his cuftody to buy any meat or drink of 
 him, but if the prifoners or any or either of them fhall out of choice 
 deal with fuch gaoler for their provifion or other thing, that then 
 fuch gaoler fliall fupply fuch prifoners with fufficient provifions and 
 drink at reafonable rates. 
 
 That 
 
192 APPENDIX. 
 
 Glamor- That if any difference fhould happen to arife between the gaoler 
 
 CAN SHIRE. . 
 
 and pnfoners with regard to the goodnefs of the beds or bed cloachs 
 or the goodnefs and price of the provifions the gaoler fliall find fuch 
 prifoners with, that then fuch difference fliall be fubmitted to the 
 arbitration of the treafurer of the faid county for the tinae being, who 
 is hereby defired, and as far as we can, empowered, to fettle and 
 adjuft fuch differences and give fuch relief therein as fliall be reafon- 
 able and jufl: to the party grieved, and if it fliall happen that either 
 party fliall think himfelf aggrieved by fuch adjuftment, he may appeal 
 from fuch order or determination as fuch treafurer fliall make in the 
 matter to the next General Quarter Seffions of the Peace to be holden 
 for the faid county. 
 
 In order to enforce the prifoners in the faid gaol to pay duly and 
 regularly for fuch chambers as they fliall take, or fuch beds, bed 
 cloaths, meat and drink as fuch gaoler fliall find them with at the 
 prices and in manner aforefaid. We do hereby give the gaoler, upon 
 their negleft and refufal of payment for one whole month together, 
 liberty to turn them out of their faid rooms and chambers into the 
 common rooms, until fuch time that they fliall have fully and hona 
 fide paid what fliall be fo due from them to the faid gaoler. 
 
 Mich'. Richards, JVo'. Morgan, Roger Poivell. 
 
 Micliaelmas Quarter Seffions, 1739. A Copy. 
 
 COUNTY 
 
South Wales Circuit. GLAMORGANSHIRE. 193 
 
 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at COWBRIDGE. Glamor- 
 
 GANSHIKE. 
 
 In each of the two new rooms, befides the window, there are five 
 apertures of about a foot diameter for the circulation of air. Court 
 not fecure : no water. 
 
 *779» J""s 7j Prifoners 2. 
 
 CARDIFF TOWN GAOL. 
 
 Two rooms arched with brick under the town-hall. No court ; 
 no fewer i no water. 
 
 ■ M19) June 8, One Debtor. 
 
 S W A N S E Y T O W N G .A O L. 
 
 One room in the cajile for debtors ; and a dark room for felons &c. . 
 under the town-hall. 
 
 ^11 9i June 7, No prifoners. 
 
 B b CON- 
 
1^4 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 HAVING thus, according to my ability, completed the defign 
 I had engaged in, it was my intention immediately to have 
 retired to the tranquil enjoyment of that eafy competence a kind 
 Providence has beftowed upon me: — happy in the idea, that I had 
 in fome degree been the inftrument of alleviating the fufFerings of a 
 numerous and unhappy fet of people, and had excited the attention of 
 my countrymen to an important objedl of civil policy. May I be 
 permitted, too, to fay, that I felt additional fatisfadion, in having 
 avoided giving any poffible occafion to impute what I had done 
 to felf-interefted views. For as nothing but a confcioufnefs of duty 
 could have enabled me to go through all the difagreeable fcenes 
 which lay in my way, fo I had the happinefs of being placed out of 
 the reach of any other incitements. 
 
 My refolution of refigning all further public concern in this 
 matter was, however, broken in upon by the urgent perfuafions of 
 fome, who were pleafed to think me a proper perfon to aflift in the 
 
 fuper- 
 
CONCLUSION. 
 
 fuperintendence of one of thofe great and ufeful plans I had recom- 
 mended to the notice of the public. I was the more readily induced 
 to comply with their folicitations, from a confidence that the perfons 
 aflbciated with me had the fame general ideas with myfelf refpefting 
 the execution of the propofed plan, and would co-operate in it with 
 the greateft zeal and intelligence. 
 
 It remains now to be tried, how far the wife and humane intentions 
 of the legiflature can be accomplifhed in this country ; and in what 
 degree we can avail ourfelves of thofe lights, which it was the 
 particular purpofe of my foreign journeys to colleft. 
 
 V1/4 looi; 
 
 ^yjB b; j;._ table 
 
 195 
 
1^6 
 
 :3cn ■?(! 
 
 B L E. L 
 
 De par les Commiflaires pour le Soin des Malades & des BlefTes de 
 la Marine, et pour I'Echange des Prifonniers de Guerre. 
 
 'HlQ Ui 
 
 REGLES que tous les Prifonniers de Guerre, dans la Grande Brelagne, 8c firlande, 
 
 doivent obferver. 
 
 I. 
 
 IT ES ordres donnes par I'Agent, aiant foin des prifonniers, doivent etre obferves 
 ^— ' fans replique ou difpute. Qu'aucun des prifonniers ofe infuker, menacer, 
 maltraiter, & encore moins frapper le guichetier, ni perfonne par I'Agent employe 
 aux affaires de la prifon, fous peine de la punition qu'ordonneront Meflieurs les 
 Commiffaires, et de perdre leur tour d'etre echanges ; detre etroitement enfermes, et 
 prives de la moitie de leur vivres. 
 
 Tous les prifonniers, lors quel'agent en fera la revue, repondront a leurs noms ; 
 et fi dans la lifle donnee a I'agent quelque erreur fe trouve, ils I'indiqueront, afin de 
 la corriger ; et ainfi prevoir la confufion qui refulteroit des meprifes des noms. 
 
 III. 
 Tous les prifonniers refufants de repondre a leurs noms a la revue, feront punis 
 par la privation de leurs vivres, jufqu' a ce qu'ils s'y foumettent. 
 
 IV. 
 
 S'lL arrive du dommage aux lieu oii les prifonniers feront gardes, foit en voulant 
 j'echapper, ou autrement, de propos delibere ; les frais de la reparation feront payes 
 
 des 
 
197 
 
 des vivres de ceux qui auront ainfi contrevenu ; et fi les coupables ne peuvent etre 
 decouverts, tous les prifonniers enfemble contribueront de leurs vivres, aux frais de 
 cette reparation. 
 
 V. 
 
 QuicoNQjjE s'echappera de prifon, etant repris, y fera mis au cachot ; et n'y 
 aura que demi-ration de vivres, jufqu' a ce qu'il aura ainfi paye les frais fails pour le 
 faifir et le ramener ; et de plus il perdra fon tour d'echange ; un officier ainfi con- 
 trevenant, fera des-lors regarde et traite comme fimple matelot. 
 
 VI, 
 
 Il eft defendu de fe battre, fe quereller, ou faire defordre dans les prifons, ou aux 
 eudroits oii il fera permis aux prifonniers de prendre I'air, fous peine de punition 
 felon que I'offence I'exigera. 
 
 VII. 
 
 Les prifons feront tcnues nettes & propres par les raatelots, et cela tour a tour, 
 comme I'agent I'ordonnera; & tout matelot qui refufera ce fervice a fon tour, & qui 
 en aura ete averti, fera prive de fes vivres jufque' a ce qu'il s'y foumette. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Les prifonniers doivent informer I'agent, des hardes, ou autres chofes dont ils 
 peuvent avoir befoin, et pour lefquels ils auront dequoi payer ; et I'agent a ordre 
 non feulement de permettre qu'ils en foient fournis, mais auffi d'avoir un foin tout 
 particulier, qu'on ne leur eu impofe dans les prix. 
 
 IX. 
 
 Dans chaque prifon les prifonniers pourront nommer trois, ou cinq d'entre eux, 
 et les changer quand il leur plaira, pour I'examen des vivres ; afin de voir s'ils font 
 bons, & s'ils ont leur ration, foit pour le poids, foit pour la mefure ; fuivant la table 
 d'avituaillement ci-deffous. Et s'il fe trouve quelque fujet de plainte, foit fur la 
 maniere de les appreter, fervir, ou dans quelqu'autre chofe ; ils doivent, avec 
 bienfeance, le faire favoir a I'agent ; qui, trouvant la plainte fondee, doit imme- 
 diatement y mettre ordre. S'il le neglige, ils doivent en avertir Meflieurs les Com- 
 mifiaires, qui ne manqucront pas de leur rendre juftice, a tous egards. 
 
 X. 
 
 Les boutiquiers (excepte ceux qui trafiquent dans des chofes qu'il ne convient pas 
 
 de vendre a des prifonniers,) feront permis de refter a la grande porte, depuis dix 
 
 heures 
 
198 TABLES. 
 
 heures du matin jufqu' a trois heures de I'apres midi, pour vendre leur nerchandife;, 
 a tels prifonniers, qui font en fonds pour les payer fur le champ, 
 
 XI. 
 
 Celui d'entre les prifonniers qui ofera par ce moyen procurer des liqueurs, ou autre 
 chofes &ca. qui ne conviennent pas a un prifonnier d'avoir, ou qui recevra, ou livrera 
 aucune lettre, fera puni de Tabus qu'il aura fait de cette indulgence. 
 
 TABLE D'A VITU AILLEMENT. 
 
 Jours. 
 
 Bierre. 
 
 Pain. 
 
 Boeuf. 
 
 Eeurre. 
 
 Fromage. 
 
 Pois.» 
 
 Sel. 
 
 
 Quartes. 
 
 Livres. 
 
 Livres. 
 
 Onces, 
 
 Onces. 
 
 Pimes, 
 
 Onces. 
 
 Dimanche 
 
 
 Ir 
 
 3 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 I 
 
 T 
 
 1 
 T 
 
 Lundi 
 
 
 Ir 
 
 3 
 
 + 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1 
 T 
 
 Mardi 
 
 
 I-: 
 
 3 
 
 T 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 a" 
 
 t 
 T 
 
 Mecredi 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 + 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 I 
 T 
 
 Jeudi 
 
 
 It 
 
 J 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1 
 T 
 
 ■ 
 
 Vendrcdi 
 
 
 It 
 
 3 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 t 
 • T 
 
 Samedi 
 
 
 It 
 
 - 
 
 4 
 
 ou 6 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 T 
 
 Total 
 
 7 
 
 io,i 
 
 4t 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 n 
 
 2f 
 
 * Ou un livre de bon cliou chacun. 
 
 The allowance of fait, and the note to peafe, I faw once only, in a table that 
 
 feemed newly printed off. 
 
 T A B L « 
 
TABLE II. 199 
 
 An Account of the Number of Prifoners convifted of Capital Crimes in Scotland 
 
 from ift January 1768 to ift July 1779. 
 
 This mark * denotes thofe that were pardoned ; the reft were executed. 
 
 NORTHERN 
 CIRCUIT. 
 
 SOUTHERN 
 CIRCUIT. 
 
 WESTERN 
 CIRCUIT. 
 
 
 
 r — 
 
 
 1 
 
 r - 
 
 " 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 — 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 Edin. 
 
 BU R GR. 
 
 Aber- 
 deen. 
 
 Perth. 
 
 Inver- 
 ness. 
 
 Jed- 
 
 BURGH. 
 
 Dum- 
 fries. 
 
 Air. 
 
 Glas- 
 gow. 
 
 b T 1 K - 
 LING. 
 
 Crimes. 
 
 1768 
 
 I 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Forgeiy. 
 
 1769 
 
 *1 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Hoiie-ftealing. 
 
 -- 
 
 -- 
 
 -- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 I 
 
 - 
 
 Murder and Robbery. 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Murder. 
 
 
 I 
 
 -- 
 
 -- 
 
 -- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Street-robbery. 
 
 1770 
 
 I 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Forgery. 
 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 ,_ 
 
 -- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Houfe-breaklng and Theft. 
 
 
 -- 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 I 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Sheep, ftcaling. 
 
 
 I 
 
 ~ 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Robbery. 
 
 I77I 
 
 •1 
 
 — 
 
 -- 
 
 " 
 
 •l 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Murder. 
 Houfe-bieaking and Theft. 
 
 
 - 
 
 -- 
 
 -_ 
 
 - 
 
 •l 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Theft. 
 
 
 
 •l 
 
 .. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Child-murder. 
 
 1772 
 
 
 — 
 
 I 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Horfe-flealing. 
 
 
 .- 
 
 - 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ••2 
 
 - 
 
 Houfe-bre.-iking and Theft. 
 
 
 I 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Houfe-brcaking and Theft. 
 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Sheep-ftealipg. 
 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 __ 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Murder and Robbery. 
 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 I 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 *I 
 
 Horfe-ftealing. 
 
 '773 
 
 " 
 
 - 
 
 I 
 
 •l 
 
 I 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Murder. 
 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 Robbing the Mail. 
 
 
 " 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 *2 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Theft, Robbery, &c. 
 
 
 — 
 
 " 
 
 — 
 
 -- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 2 
 
 - 
 
 Robbery. 
 
 
 — 
 
 -- 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 I 
 
 Houfe-hreaking and Robbery. 
 
 
 ••3 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Murder, 
 
 
 * 1 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Returning from Tranfportation. 
 
 
 •l 
 
 — 
 
 .. 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Horfe-rtealing. 
 
 •774 
 
 I 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Sheep-fiealing. 
 
 
 - 
 
 ~ 
 
 I 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Houfe-breaking and Theft. 
 
 
 — 
 
 •l 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Theft of Cattle. 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 *. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Rape. 
 
 ^n^ 
 
 — 
 
 '^ 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 ~ 
 
 : 
 
 ', 
 
 : 
 
 Murder. 
 Theft. 
 
 
 2 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Robbery. 
 
 
 I 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Child-murder. 
 
 1776 
 
 — 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Shop-breaking and Theft. 
 Murder. 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 
 - 
 
 Thefr. 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 -- 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 I 
 
 - 
 
 Ste.iling a LetterfromHort Office. 
 
 '777 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 *i 
 
 Cliiid-murder. 
 
 1778 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 I 
 
 — 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Theft of Cattle. 
 
 '779 
 
 ._ 
 
 
 
 
 
 •l 
 
 - 
 
 ■ 
 
 I 
 
 . 
 
 _ 
 
 Murder. 
 Murder and Robbery. 
 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 57 Total Condemned. 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 — 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 3 Total Pardoned. 
 
 
 17 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 ■>,i) Total Executed. 
 
 TAB L JJ 
 
200 
 
 TABLE 
 
 III. 
 
 Number of Convicts Executed, for London and Middlesex, 
 during the laft Eight Years. 
 
 From Dec. 1771 to Dec. 1772 
 
 Dec. 1772 to Dec. 1773 
 
 Dec. 1773 to Dec. 1774 
 
 Dec. 1774 to Dec. 1775 
 
 Dec. 1775 to Dec. 1776 
 
 Dec. 1776 to Dec. 1777 
 
 Dec. 1777 to Dec. 1778 
 
 Dec. 1778 to Dec. 1779 
 
 Murder. 
 
 Men. 
 
 ' + 
 
 Women, 
 
 I burnt 
 I 
 I 
 
 Coiners. 
 
 Men. 
 
 
 Women. 
 
 I burnt 
 
 Various 
 Crimes. 
 
 Men. 
 
 29 
 31 
 
 40 
 
 - + 
 29 
 
 3' 
 •9 
 
 235 
 
 Women. 
 
 Total. 
 
 37 
 32 
 32 
 46 
 
 33 
 
 2-3 
 
 T .X B L E 
 
201 
 
 TABLE 
 
 IV. 
 
 An Account of the Number of Prisoners in the Gaols and 
 Prifons of England and Wales, at the Time they were vifited 
 in 1779. 
 
 AS fome County gaols are alfo the county irideivelh, where petty offenders are not 
 always feparated irom felons ; in thofe places I include petty offenders under the article 
 felons l£c. The reafon of my diftinguifhing the 'women debtors, is to (hew that a room 
 or two in the gaoler's houfe may probably be fufficient for them, inftead of a feparate 
 ward, as propofed in my general plan for a county gaol (edit, i.) I have omitted 
 mentioning all thofe prifons in which, at the time of my vifiting, there were no 
 perfons confined. 
 
 
 Debtors. 
 Men. Worn. 
 
 Felons 
 &c. 
 
 1 Petty 
 
 Offenders, 
 
 
 Debtors. 
 Men. Worn 
 
 Felons Pet. 
 . &c. Off. 
 
 y^BINGDON 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Be-verhy 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 . Town 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Appleby 
 
 7 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Hall-garth 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aylesbury 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 Birmingham 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Bodmin 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 Ayljham 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Sheriff's Ward iz 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 Barking 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Bojton 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Basford 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bradford 
 
 11 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bath 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Brecon 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Batley 
 
 17 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 Brijiol 
 
 41 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 Beaumaris 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 — — Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 Beccles 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 Bedford 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Buntingfard 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Bury St, Edmunds 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Berkhamfted 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Berwick 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 20 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 56 
 
 2 
 
 '7 
 
 25 
 
 108 
 
 9 
 
 21 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 
 
 Co 
 
 
 
 Cambridge 
 
202 
 
 Debtors, 
 Men. Worn. 
 
 Felons 
 &c. 
 
 Petty 
 Offenders 
 
 
 Debtors, 
 Men, Worn. 
 
 Felons Pet. 
 Sec. Off. 
 
 Cambridge Bridewell 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 Dover Caftle 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Town 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 — Town 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 Durham 
 
 — ^ Bridewell 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Canterbury 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Elj- 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Cardiff 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 — — Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Town 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Exeter 
 
 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 Cardigan 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 SheriFs Ward 
 
 35 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 Carlisle 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 City 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 City 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 T Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 Carmarthen 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 Flint 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Fokingham 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Carnarvon 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Cain/borough 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 Chelmsford 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 >S 
 
 I 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 City 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Chester 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Go/port 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 City 
 
 6 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Guildford 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 — — Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Halifax 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Chcjierfidd Bridewell 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Haljled 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 Cirencejier 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Haverfordwest 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Clare 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Town 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cokbe/ler 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Hereford 
 
 18 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 City 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cowntiy 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Hertford 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 "7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Cov.'bridge 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Horsham 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 Dartford 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 Hull 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Derby 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 Titvizei 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 Huntingdon 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 DOLGELLY 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Ipswich 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 Dorchester 
 
 '4 
 152 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 73 
 
 
 "76 
 
 IVELCHESTER 
 
 32 
 
 I 
 
 'S 
 
 
 
 
 190 
 
 10 
 
 174 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kettering 
 
s. 
 
 103 
 
 
 Debtors. 
 Men, Worn, 
 
 Felons Petty 
 , S:c. Offenderi 
 
 >t 
 
 Debtors. 
 Men. Worn. 
 
 Felons Pet. 
 &c. Off. 
 
 Kettering 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Ludlo-vj 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Kingfion 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lynn Regis 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Maidstone 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 67 
 
 5 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 Launceston 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Manchefter 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 havenham 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Marlborough 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Leicester 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Middleivich 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 Mo N M U T H 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 , Town 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Leaves 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 Morpeth 
 
 9 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 City 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Litchfield 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Nantn.v!ch 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Liverpool 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 NeiMcafik 
 
 13 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 . Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 London Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IJ 
 
 Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 . Borough > 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Ne'-wpcrt, Effex 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 Compter $ 
 
 
 
 
 
 Northampton 
 
 14 
 
 I 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 -■ - Clerkenwell 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 Town 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 171 
 
 Norwich 
 
 23 
 
 I 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 Fleet 
 
 '77 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 .^City 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 473 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 . Marfhalfea 
 
 88 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nottingham 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 S 
 
 141 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -^— New Ludgate 
 
 IS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oakham 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 1 Poultry Compt 
 
 •43 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 Odiam 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 — ^ Savoy 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 98 
 
 Oxford 
 
 12 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Tothill- Fields 
 
 }' 
 
 
 
 
 
 74 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 • Whitechapel 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Petiuorth 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 — Wood-flreet J 
 Compter y 
 
 32 
 
 =35 
 
 6 
 62 
 
 II 
 
 Z41 
 
 
 391 
 
 Plymouth 
 Port/mouth 
 
 I 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 i< 
 
 J 46 
 
 S 
 
 112 
 
 69 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cc 
 
 2 
 
 
 Presteign 
 
204 
 
 S. 
 
 
 Debtors. 
 
 Felons 
 
 Petty 
 
 
 Debtors. 
 
 Felons Pet. 
 
 
 Men. 
 
 Worn, 
 
 &c. 
 
 Offenders 
 
 
 Men. 
 
 Worn. 
 
 &e. 
 
 Off. 
 
 Presteicn 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Stafford Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 Prejlon 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 >7 
 
 SiL-affham 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Reading 
 
 8 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 Taiinlcn 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 — Bridewell 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 Thetford 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Richmond 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Thirjk 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Rippon Liberty 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 VJk 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 — • Town 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Wakefield 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 Rochefter 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wal/iHgham 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Ruthin 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Warwick 
 
 21 
 
 I 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 St. Alban's Liberty 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 Bridewell 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Winchester 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 St. George's Fields ■) 
 Bridewell 5 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 — — Bridewell 
 iVind/hr Caftle 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 i6 
 
 I 
 
 »S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 City 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Wifiieach 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sheffield 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Witney 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 Sheptm-Mallet 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 '9 
 
 Wol'verhampten 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Sherborn 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 Woodhridge 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 »9 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Worcester 
 
 18 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 — — Bridewell 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 City 
 
 S 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Southamplon ") 
 SherifF's Ward 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wrexham 
 Wymundham 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 Town 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Tarmoutb 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 York 
 
 64 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 SOUTHWARK 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 City 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 z 
 
 
 
 Southwell 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 >7 
 
 '— St. Peter's 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Spalding 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Bridewell 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 Stafford 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 '4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 132 
 
 9 
 
 69 
 
 •30 
 
 140 
 
 16 
 
 9' 
 
 114 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, 
 
 TaovGH 1 have vifited all the County gaols, and I think all the County bridewells, as alfo many 
 of the corporation and private-property prifons, yet as there are fome few of the two latter which I 
 did not fee in 1779, we may add JSxty more prifoners on their account j and then probably we Ihall 
 have nearly the average number of perfons confined at one time in the prifons of this kingdom. 
 
TABLES. 205 
 
 Total, Men Debtors — — — ipjp. 
 
 Women Debtors — 
 
 119. 
 
 Felons &c. _ __ —. 7^3. 
 
 Petty Offenders — — — 917. 
 
 Suppofed omitted — — . — 60. 
 
 3853- 
 Add to thfe, Prifoners in the Hulks — — 526. 
 
 Total Number of Pii/oners — — 4379' 
 
 I N D £ X. 
 
N 
 
 D 
 
 E 
 
 X. 
 
 Page 
 
 Ac 
 
 :CLE ' - 140. 
 
 Acquitted prifoners detained for fees 109. 
 
 not detained for 
 
 fees - - 84. 
 
 Aft of parliament, Englijh ZxA Irifl} 
 
 compared - - 111. 
 
 Air . - - 103. 
 
 Aix-la-Chapelle - - ^6. 
 
 Allowance to galley-flaves 35, 52, 55, 
 
 58, 85. 
 
 i prifoners 4, 6, 16, 17, 19, 20, 
 
 21, 22, 26, 27, 37, 39, 54, 60, 72, 80. 
 — — ^— — — PruJJian flaves - 25. 
 — — — ^^ Tii/cart flaves - 43. 
 
 Alms-houfc at /"/erM« - 41. 
 
 Naples - 55. 
 
 ■^— ^— ^— Vienna - 33. 
 
 Amiens - - 83. 
 
 Page 
 AmJ}erdam ■• • I2- 
 
 Anglifey - - 1 87. 
 
 Aniivcrp - - 79. 
 
 Apertures in the ceiling for letting 
 
 out foul air - 141. 
 
 Affaflinations, frequent in Italy 56. 
 
 Affize, judges at fix days - 104. 
 
 Augjburg . - 67. 
 
 Ayljham • - 139. 
 
 B. 
 
 Bakers, punifliment of 
 
 34' 
 
 Sola 
 
 - 1S8, 
 
 Baftilk 
 
 - 87, 
 
 Baths, improper ufe of 
 
 i3i, 
 
 Battle 
 
 - '3»' 
 
 Bayreutb 
 
 7i' 
 
 Becearia, his remark on executions 56. 
 
 Bedding neceflary 
 
 - 36. 
 
 Bedfordjhire 
 
N 
 
 X. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Bedfwdjhire 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 >35- 
 
 Bergues 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 91. 
 
 Berkjhire 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 .56. 
 
 Berlin 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 26. 
 
 Bern 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 65. 
 
 Beriukk 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 178. 
 
 Bologna 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 38. 
 
 Bojion 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 152. 
 
 Bounty to prifoners 
 
 of 
 
 war, French 
 
 and Englijh 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 100. 
 
 Brackley 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 >5S- 
 
 Bradford 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 175- 
 
 Bread, affize of 
 
 - 
 
 
 28, ■- 
 
 14, 66. 
 
 Brecon/hire 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 190. 
 
 Breda 
 
 - 
 
 
 • 
 
 22. 
 
 Bfunfiwick 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 25- 
 
 Brujils 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 78. 
 
 Buckinghamjhire 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 ^33- 
 
 Buckingham 
 
 • 
 
 
 - 
 
 134. 
 
 Page 
 Chaplain inftrufls the prifoners 8, 43, 
 
 67. 
 ' reads regulations - 81. 
 refides in the prifon 27, 39, 72, 
 
 75. 78- 
 Charitable focieties 37, 47, 64, 83. 
 
 Cheflnre - . 182. 
 
 Ci-vita-'vecchia - -51. 
 
 Clothing to galley-flaves 43, 52. 
 
 Clothes to be wornin prifon 42,44,67,79. 
 
 offelons, ought to be buried 132. 
 
 Collar, iron, on flaves - 28, 29. 
 
 Cologn - - 75' 
 
 Combinations prevented - 5, 14. 
 
 Commiffioners of fick and wounded, 
 
 their attention - 102. 
 
 Condemned, liberal allowance to 47, 76. 
 
 Confinement, terms of - 35, 42. 
 
 Confumption, fuppofed contagious 53. 
 
 Cornnvall - - 170. 
 
 Cumberland - - 178. 
 
 D. 
 
 Calais 
 
 - 
 
 
 " 
 
 92. 
 136. 
 
 Deaths at AmJIerdam, 
 
 
 Camlridgejhire 
 
 - 
 
 iz. 
 
 Cardiff 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 190. 
 
 Debtors alimented 4, 12 
 
 , 20, 26, 30, 
 
 Cardigan/hire 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 189. 
 
 
 38, 75- 
 
 Carmarthenfiire 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 ibid. 
 
 — ^^— fewer, caufe of 
 
 120. 
 
 Carnar-von'pire 
 Cefiio bonorum, 
 
 
 
 
 18S. 
 103. 
 
 
 they have 
 
 75- 
 
 procefs 
 
 of 
 
 . 
 
 no efFefls 
 
 Chamherry 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 63. 
 
 Denbighjhire 
 
 - 186. 
 
 Chapel, decent 1 
 
 attendance at 
 
 - 
 
 6. 
 
 Denbigh 
 
 187. 
 
 
 28 
 
 Derbjjhire 
 De-venter 
 
 14S. 
 21. 
 
 Chaplain to each galley 
 
 1 vvviwi 
 
 ■ h 
 
 ^0. 
 55- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Devonjhire 
 
N D 
 
 X. 
 
 Devonjhht 
 
 Divine fervicc at Rotterdam 
 
 Delgelly 
 
 Dor/eifiiire 
 
 Drefden 
 
 Dublin 
 
 Dungeon funk lower 
 
 Dungeons to force confeflion 
 
 horrid 31, 68, 7 
 
 Dunkirk 
 Durham 
 
 Page 
 169. 
 
 7- 
 188. 
 169. 
 
 29. 
 108. 
 182. 
 
 21. 
 
 o. 77- 
 
 90. 
 
 176. 
 
 E. 
 Edinburgh - - 1 03. 
 
 Employment of prifoners 4, 9, 10, 14, 18, 
 26, 28,35,61,62,69, 71, 1 20, 127, 153 
 
 - in cleaning ftreets 65, 66 
 
 ■ in linen cloth manu- 
 
 faftory - 61, 79 
 
 — — in grinding corn 29, 85 
 
 . fpeftacle 
 
 glafles - - 71 
 
 - in making lace 71, 79, 80 
 
 ■ in working on marble 73 
 
 •^— • in picking oakum 19, 12O; 
 
 181 
 
 on paper-hangings 79 
 
 -—— inpo!ilhingplate-glafles85 
 
 pounding ftone 75, 76 
 
 ~' tile-fherds 174 
 
 — — ^— attending filk-worms 25, 28 
 — — fawing wood 30,53 
 fpinning, &c. 4, 9, 18, 20, 
 
 26, 28, 29, 31,65,66,71,74,76, 
 
 79, 80, 107, 127. 
 
 Page 
 Employment in various trades 10, 60* 
 
 67,71,79. 
 
 ■ weavlngcoarfecarpeting 22. 
 
 ^— — ^— facking for the 
 
 Eaft India Company - 21. 
 
 ■ gauze - 61. 
 
 ' woollen manufaftory 74,78. 
 
 • of galley-flaves 42,52,53, 
 
 55. 57- 
 
 — — ^ neceflary - 6^. 
 
 — ^— none in bridewells 132, 
 
 i33» '34. >39> >68, 169, 170, 
 
 172, 187. 
 Efcapes, expedient to prevent 83. 
 
 punifhed 43, 52, 55, 61. 
 
 ^— — notpunilhed - 65. 
 
 Efex - - 126. 
 
 Executions, better if lefs frequ«nt 56. 
 
 — — ^ not frequent 12, 20, 25, 
 
 75. 76. 
 ' number of, atjfmjlerdam 12. 
 
 — — ^-^— ^-— ^— — in London and 
 
 Middle/ex - 200. 
 
 ■ in Scotland 105. 
 
 foon after fentence ibid. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fire,precautionsagainft 34,45,108,130. 
 Fhmian, Count de, his kind aflift- 
 
 ance - - 61 
 
 Flanders - - 78 
 
 Flintjhire - - 185 
 
 Florence - "39 
 
 Fotbergill, Dr. on work for prifoners 73 
 
 France 
 
i N 
 
 X, 
 
 Page 
 83. 
 
 75- 
 6j. 
 
 33> 40. 5i» 56. 
 63, 6g. 
 Fumigation, Dr. izWs method of 115. 
 
 France i 
 
 Trancfort 
 Freyburg 
 Friars, their hofpitals 
 
 Goiidt 
 Grat& 
 
 Page 
 9- 
 
 34- 
 
 Galleys, none fent to under twenty 52. 
 Galley-flaves 35, 37, 41, 51, 54, 57, 
 
 63, 85. 
 ■ expenfe of 
 
 Gaming prohibited 
 Gaoler, care in choice of 
 or keeper, rules for 
 
 Gaoler's falary 
 
 Gaolers falaries in France 
 
 Gaol fever at Cambridge 
 
 • at Exeter 
 
 — -^^ not found in Iiafy 
 
 I remarks concerning 
 Gaols, new, commended 
 
 Geneva 
 
 Genoa - 
 
 Germany 
 
 Gbeitf 
 
 Glamorgan/hire 
 
 Cla/goiu m 
 
 Cloucejlerjhire 
 
 Gcrgona • 
 
 52. 
 
 57- 
 
 - 84. 
 
 14, 20. 
 
 5, 20, 84. 
 
 84. 
 
 137- 
 170. 
 
 114. 
 
 22, 130, 
 
 171. 
 
 64. 
 
 57- 
 34, 6y. 
 
 79- 
 190. 
 
 107. 
 
 165. 
 
 . 65. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hampjhire • 
 
 Hanmer » 
 
 Harlem 
 Har'wicb 
 
 Heberden, Dr. on wet rooms 
 Herefordjhire 
 Hertfordjhire 
 Holland 
 Hofpital at Bologna 
 ' Florence 
 
 — — ^^— Genoa 
 
 — — ^— Harlen 
 
 Lille 
 
 -^——^ Milan 
 
 ——— Naples 
 
 ^— — Turin 
 
 ' S. Michele at Rome 
 
 Hofpitals, loftinefs of 
 
 ——' at Paris 
 
 I at Rome 
 
 - for convalefcents 
 
 166. 
 1 86, 
 
 10. 
 127. 
 
 23. 
 163. 
 125. 
 
 3- 
 38. 
 40. 
 5?. 
 10- 
 82. 
 62. 
 56. 
 
 48. 
 
 - 56. 
 
 85, 86. 
 
 SO. 
 
 33. 40' SI- 
 
 — — for children 33, 59, 63, 86. 
 
 I forgalley-flaves43, 53, 55,58. 
 
 ■ ■ for lunatics 59, 63, 87. 
 
 — — — for orphans - 48, 6^, 
 
 Hot provifions every day in houfes of 
 
 correftion - 19, 72. 
 
 D d Houfes 
 
N 
 
 E K, 
 
 Page 
 Houfes of corrcftion, not to be 
 
 expqfted to maintain themfclves 72. 
 Hulks on the Thames - 1 iz. 
 
 Huntingdonfjirc 
 
 I3S- 
 
 I. 
 
 Idlenefs, bad eftefts of 65, 85, 133. 
 Infedlion, precautions againft - 31. 
 Infirmary for galley-flaves on fhore 53, 
 
 55. S8- 
 ' of a prifon fpacious 45, 54. 
 
 Infpeftors care - 7, 14, 17, 57. 
 
 Ireland • - 108. 
 
 Iron bedlleads - 38, 186. 
 
 Iron-grate doors - 33> 130. 
 
 Irons ufed in bridewells 139, 140, 147, 
 
 166, 171. 
 
 not ufed - 9, 37, 39, 45, 78. 
 
 Italy - - 36. 
 
 Jtdburgb - - 103. 
 
 K. 
 
 Page 
 41. 
 
 146. 
 
 189. 
 76. 
 
 82. 
 
 151. 
 
 Keepers Salaries - 5, 2c 
 
 , 84. 
 
 Merionethjhire 
 
 Ktnt 
 
 128. 
 
 Middkburg 
 
 Kettering 
 
 154. 
 
 Milan 
 
 Klddenr.injler 
 
 159. 
 
 Mildenhall 
 
 Kilmainham 
 
 no. 
 
 Monmouth 
 
 King's benefaction at SaUJhury . 
 
 168. 
 
 Monmouthjhire 
 
 — — bounty in CernwaJi 
 
 171. 
 
 Montgomerj^ire 
 Munich 
 
 L. 
 
 
 
 Lancajhirt 
 
 179. 
 
 Nanlwid 
 
 Lauback 
 
 34- 
 
 Naples 
 
 Leghorn 
 
 Leicejlerjhirt 
 
 Licences in gaols, bad efTcAs of 
 
 Liege 
 
 Lille 
 
 Lincolnfiirt 
 
 Linen, clean, toprifoners once a week 
 
 60, 79, 80, 83, go. 
 London ' - 117. 
 
 Lucca - - 57. 
 
 Lukau - - 29. 
 
 Lunatics kept with prifoners 109, 134, 
 >37. I39>'5'> '68, 173, 175,176,187. 
 — — not to go in common with 
 prifoners - 109, 
 
 M. 
 
 Magdeburg - - 25. 
 
 Malefactors children educated - 13. 
 Mann, Sir Horace, his kind aiSilance 41. 
 Mats to fleep on - - 4. 
 
 Mead, Dr. on peftilential contagion 23. 
 Meafurements, minutenefs of, apo- 
 logy for - - 27. 
 • 188. 
 21. 
 
 59- 
 
 - '43- 
 
 165. 
 
 164. 
 
 187. 
 
 68. 
 
 N. 
 
 185. 
 
 Sh 
 
 Newport 
 
i N 
 
 Newport Pagnel 
 Norfolk 
 
 Northamftonjhirt - 
 Northumberland 
 Nottinghamjhire 
 
 Page 
 133. 
 
 137- 
 153- 
 
 177. 
 149. 
 
 Number of inhabitants ?A Amfterdam 13. 
 ■ at Naples 53. 
 
 Nurenhurg - - 70. 
 
 Oakum, picking, a healthy employ- 
 ment - - 132. 
 O/habrug - - 24, 
 Oundle - - 154. 
 Oxford filn - - 158. 
 
 P. 
 
 Padua 
 Paris 
 
 Pembrokefiire 
 Perjury uncommon 
 Perth 
 Police good 
 
 38. 
 
 83- 
 189. 
 104. 
 103. 
 
 28. 
 
 Prangins, Baron de, his prifon 64. 
 
 Prague - - 30. 
 
 Prayers daily in houfes of correc- 
 tion - 15, 27. 
 Prifon for boys - - 49. 
 Prifons, foreign, arched 34, 45. 
 
 permiffion to vifit at ftated times 68. 
 
 Prifoners, American, at Plymouth, 101. 
 I For ton 102. 
 
 ■— — Pembroke ibid. 
 ———————— regulations 
 
 for - - ibid. 
 
 Page 
 
 Prifoners difcharged in open court 105. 
 ' en Penfion - 77. 
 
 •^— few in Si-o^/aW, caufes of 104. 
 ' numerous in Ireland - 109. 
 
 ' refraftory punilhed 5, 15, 21, 
 
 42, 73, 80, 81. 
 
 ■ fick, care of 45>S3»54' 
 
 ■ releafed - 137. 
 -' fuppliedfromcounty 
 
 infirmary - 160. 
 
 tried out of irons - 105. 
 
 Prifoners of war, Engl/Jh, at Ardres 92. 
 
 — — — — — ' — Bcrgues gi, 
 
 — ^— — — ^ Bourbourg 92. 
 
 ^—^^ — — — Calais 92. 
 
 . -— Dunkirk 90. 
 
 — parole, fecurity of 93. 
 
 -^— — regulations for 90. 
 
 — ^— fick in military 
 
 hofpitals - 90, 94. 
 
 Prifoners of war, French, &t Belfajl 10 1. 
 
 Brijlol 95. 
 
 ■ Carlifle 98. 
 
 ' — — Chejier 99. 
 
 Deal 98. 
 
 — — — . Dublin loi. 
 
 — — — EdinburghlOO. 
 
 ■ — ^ Forton 97. 
 
 '—— - Pembroke 98. 
 
 ' — Plymouth 95. 
 
 -^^■^— — -^— Winchefter 96. 
 
 • —— regulations for 97. 
 
 ■ . . fick, in 
 
 . naval hofpital - 98. 
 
 ————— infpeftorof, proper 99. 
 
 Profit 
 
N 
 
 E X. 
 
 Page 
 Profit of work, one feventh to keeper 5. 
 
 — to prifoners 25,43,53, 
 
 55. 7i> 80. 
 
 —— one third to prifoners 30, 
 
 one fifth to ditto 79. 
 
 — — all to ditto - 32. 
 
 Public diverfions taxed - 18. 
 
 Punifhment fecond time of confine- 
 ment - 26, 119. 
 
 R. 
 
 Radnorjhirt 
 
 Rafp-houfe at Amjlerdam 
 
 ————— Rotterdam 
 
 190. 
 J3- 
 
 4- 
 69. 
 
 Ratijbon 
 
 Recruiting from prifons, danger of 110, 
 
 Regents of prifons, privileges of 13. 
 i roomfor in prifons 80, 
 
 Regulation, new, in bridewell - 119 
 
 Regulations hung up 37, 57, 58, 185 
 
 — — — — in the chapel 81. 
 
 ■ at the prifon at Rome 46, 
 
 ta 
 
 blesof 6, 16, 
 
 17, 20 
 
 '.42. 
 
 5" 
 
 ', 58, 72,81,90,97, 
 
 , 185. 
 
 Rome 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 44. 
 
 Rotterdam 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 4- 
 
 Rules, new in 
 
 King's Bench 
 
 - 
 
 122. 
 
 — — or boui 
 
 nds, extenfive 
 
 
 123. 
 
 Rutlaiidjhire 
 
 - 
 
 • 
 
 152. 
 
 Rjc 
 
 01 
 
 S. 
 
 
 >3>. 
 
 St. Omers 
 
 » 
 
 * 
 
 89. 
 
 Schaffhaufen 
 
 > 
 
 •» 
 
 67. 
 
 Schools, pariih, in Scotland 
 
 Schnuabach 
 
 Scotland 
 
 Secrete chambers defcribed 
 
 Page 
 104. 
 
 7i« 
 103. 
 
 59- 
 
 Separation, according to crimes j8, 20, 
 
 65. 
 Shropjhire - - 161. 
 
 Slaves, employment of 25, 35, 42, 53, 
 
 55- 
 " humanity to - 35- 
 
 ■ fick, great attention to 43, 56. 
 ' Tu/can, lie on fliore - 41. 
 
 Small-pox in prifons I28> l65> 
 
 Scmer/etjhire - • 17 1. 
 
 Southivark • . - 122. 
 
 Spandati - • 28. 
 
 Spin-houfe at ^OT/?frjj'd//; - 17. 
 
 - Harlem - 10. 
 . — Utrecht - 20. 
 
 ■ how fupported - 18. 
 Spirituous liquors permitted in prifons 
 
 in Scotland - - 103. 
 
 in Ireland ill. 
 
 not permitted 15, zOi 
 
 Stadt-houfe prifon at Amjlerdam I2« 
 
 ■ Rotterdam 4> 
 
 Utrecht 20. 
 
 Staffordjhire - - 160. 
 
 Stair-cafe, remarkable - 50. 
 
 State prifoners • 29, 46. 
 
 Stirling - • IO3. 
 
 Stone of djfgrace - 38. 
 
 Suffolk - - 141. 
 
 Surry . - 132. 
 
 Sujix <• • 130. 
 
 Swan/ey 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Stuanfey 
 
 SwiTZERtANO 
 
 Page 
 
 193. 
 
 64. 
 
 Page 
 
 W. 
 
 T. 
 
 Table of fees, Englijh 136, 142, 14;, 
 
 147, 150, 153, 161, 183, 191. 
 
 I Scotch - 106. 
 
 40. 
 189. 
 
 79- 
 68. 
 
 Tarras floors, good 
 Tennis-court, improper in gaols 
 Torture, drefs for 
 
 — — — room defcribed 
 
 - rooms 39, 46, 64, 66, 6j, 
 
 68, 70, 77, 79. 
 
 ^— — fufFered - 25, 76. 
 
 Tower - - 117. 
 
 ^riejle - - 34' 
 
 Turin - •63. 
 
 U. 
 
 Unheahhinefs, caufe of 
 Vmtht 
 
 V. 
 
 Venice 
 
 Vienna » 
 
 36. 
 
 20. 
 
 37' 
 31- 
 
 Wall, diftantfrom theprifon 39, 47, 59. 
 
 Waljingham - - 140. 
 
 Wariuickjhire • - 144. 
 
 Water, cold, efFeft of in gaol fever 125. 
 
 ■ inftances where not acceffible 
 
 125, 127, 133, 134, 135, 139, 140, 
 141, 151, 152, 155, 157, 159, 165, 
 ^IS' ^77> J186, 187, i88, 189, 193. 
 
 Weftminfler - - 121. 
 
 Wejlmorland - - 179. 
 
 Weji-Wycomb - - 134, 
 
 White-walhing in foreign houfes of 
 
 correflion - - 32. 
 
 Wiltjhire _ . 168. 
 
 Witches, rooms for - 68, 70. 
 
 Women ironed - - 30. 
 
 ■ ■ in houfes of correftion cleanly 
 
 4, 8, 1 8. 
 
 Work-houfe at Amfterdam 
 
 ————— commended 
 
 Worcefierfiire 
 Wurtnhurg 
 
 i8. 
 
 i43« 
 159. 
 
 74- 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yorke, Sir Jofeph, kindnefs of 22. 
 
 Yorkjhire - - 172. 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zurich - - 66, 
 
 THE END. 
 
DIRECTIONS to the BOOK-BINDER. 
 
 The Plates are to be inferted as follows : 
 
 PACE 
 
 Breda Houfe of Correftlon, to face . . 22. 
 
 Rome, front of the Prifon, to face - • 44. 
 
 ■^— Houfe of Correftion, to fact - - ^o. 
 
 Milan, Houfe of Correftion, /o/i?ff - - 62. 
 
 Bern, Employment of Criminals, /wo Plates, to face ed, 
 
 Baftille, to face .... 88. 
 
!? > 
 
 nrrrY cfntfp ubrary 
 
h 
 
 f)ptt 
 
 ■•*, ^ 
 
 J "^^ 
 
 V* 
 
 >* 
 
 x}'^A