JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
This Edition is limited to joo copies for sale in 
 Great Britain and the United States. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2016 
 
 https://archive.org/details/johnzoffanyrahisOOmann 
 
tyn 
 
 (fazu/K /v/ /um,zelf' 
 
JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 HIS LIFE AND WORKS. 1735-1810 
 
 BY LADY VICTORIA MANNERS and 
 DR. G. C. WILLIAMSON £ & 
 
 LONDON: JOHN LANE, THE BODLEY HEAD 
 NEW YORK: JOHN LANE COMPANY MCMXX 
 
Printed in Great Britain ly R. Clay < 5 ^ Sons , Ltd. } London and Bungay. 
 
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA 
 
 Desborough, Lady, Panshanger , Hertford. 
 
 The other picture named on p. 192, is a portrait, full length, of George, Earl Cowper, 
 about 24 x 18. 
 
 There is a replica of this picture in the possession of Admiral of the Fleet, 
 Lord Walter Kerr, G.C.B., of Brocket Hall. 
 
 Eiloart, Mrs. Bernard, 55, Cathcart Road, Earls Court, London. 
 
 Group representing her great grandfather, General William Palmer with his wife, a 
 Begum of Delhi, and their three children. General Palmer was at one time a Private 
 Secretary to Warren Hastings. He died May 20th, 1816, and his wife in May, 1828. 
 
 A large picture, which in parts appeared to be unfinished. 
 
 Kerr-Lawson, Mr. J., 3, Turner Studios, Glebe Place, Chelsea, S. IV. 
 
 FURTHER ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA 
 
 Anson, Admiral Lord Frederick. 
 
 On the plate opposite p. 40 there is a misprint Auson for Anson. 
 
 On page 107, for “ Daniel ” read “ Daniell.” 
 
 Garrick and Mrs. Cibber. 
 
 On the plate opposite page 146 there is a misprint of “ Belvedera,” for “ Belvidera.” 
 
 On page 171, for “ Roma ” read “ Poma.” 
 
 On page 175, omit the dates (1693-1758): they refer to Dr. Sharp’s father who was also 
 Archdeacon of Northumberland, and not to the Dr. Sharp in the picture. 
 
 On page 242, for latter read last. 
 
 On the colour plate facing p. 150 and in the List of Plates, the printers have put Queensborough 
 instead of Queenborough. The similar entries in the book are correct. 
 
 New Discoveries. 
 
 Mrs. Esdaile, of 59, Ladbroke Grove, London, possesses a water-colour drawing of Norwood 
 Green which bears an inscription to the effect that it is by Zoffany. It is clear that Zoffany did 
 paint at Norwood, as on p. 290 there is an allusion to a drawing of Gipsies at Norwood. 
 
 It may therefore be taken for granted that the inscription, clearly an old one, is probably correct, 
 although the drawing is not of the kind one usually gives to Zoffany. 
 
 Sir Ernest Robertson, Bart., of Purneah, Bengal, has a portrait of Sir George Abercromby 
 Robinson, Bart, (of 1832), which is said to be by Zoffany. 
 
 escaped his attention. 
 
 Northwich Park Collection. 
 
 It should have been stated that the picture alluded to on p. 222 is the property 
 of Capt. Spencer-Churchill and that it represents a scene from a play stated to 
 include Garrick, Mrs. Betterton, and someone else who has been styled Mr. Betterton 
 but who is more likely to be Mr. Cibber. It is a good picture and about 36 x 35. 
 Dr. Lionel Cust, who is preparing a catalogue of the pictures in the gallery, has 
 supplied us with this information. 
 
 p. 35, 11 . 2, 5 , for Dolland read Dollond. 
 p. 53, 1 . 24, for Cosways read Cosway’s, 
 p. 54, 1 . 9 , for Humphrey’s read Humphry’s, 
 p. 99 ) 1 - l)lif or Serampur read Serampore. 
 p. in, 11 . 26, 27, for Cater read Gator. 
 
 p. 136, note 2, for Tremamando in two places read Tremamondo. 
 
 p. 172, 1 . 1, for Maria Walpole (Duchess of Gloucester) read Maria Walpole (Countess 
 Waldegrave), Duchess of Gloucester. 
 
Printed in Gre.it Britain By R. Clay Sons, Ltd., Letuion and B’<n?ay. 
 
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA 
 
 Desborough, Lady, Panshanger, Hertford. 
 
 The other picture named on p. 192, is a portrait, full length, of George, Earl Cowper, 
 about 24 x 18. 
 
 There is a replica of this picture in the possession of Admiral of the Fleet, 
 Lord Walter Kerr, G.C.B., of Brocket Hall. 
 
 Eiloart, Mrs. Bernard, 55, Cathcart Road, Earl's Court , Londoti. 
 
 Group representing her great grandfather, General William Palmer with his wife, a 
 Begum of Delhi, and their three children. General Palmer was at one time a Private 
 Secretary to Warren Hastings. He died May 20th, 1816, and his wife in May, 1828. 
 
 A large picture, which in parts appeared to be unfinished. 
 
 Kerr-Lawson, Mr. J., 3, Turner Studios , Glebe Place, Chelsea, S. IV 
 
 Portrait Group, representing an old gentleman and an old lady. 
 
 The former is in profile and wears a plum-coloured coat and a grey wig. He is 
 holding a book of poetry and appears to be reading from it or expounding it to 
 his companion. She is in a low cut dress with a fichu and has a lace cap on her head. 
 The colouring is dark and rich and there is a representation of a cloudy sunset in the 
 background of the picture. Size about 22 x 19. 
 
 Lecon field, Lord, Petworth House , Petivorth. 
 
 He possesses a painting attributed to Zoffany, representing David Garrick at 
 tea, on his lawn at Hampton, and his brother, George Garrick, fishing. 
 
 The picture, however, which we have not seen, differs, we are told by its owner, 
 in almost all respects from the painting belonging to Lord Durham described on 
 p. 104 and illustrated opposite p. 142. There was an interesting discussion concerning 
 it in “The Fishing Gazette” for January 24, 1920, p. 43. 
 
 Mathias Duncan, Esq. 
 
 It is possible that the picture named on p. 218 is a replica of a more important work. 
 
 Nevinson, Mr. H. W., 4, Dotvnside Crescent , Hampstead, N.W. 3. 
 
 Two family portraits which we have not been able to see before going to press. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 It has been suggested that it is possible that the portrait of William Lock (spelled 
 Loch in error on the plate) named on p. 237 may represent William Locke of Norbury 
 Park (1732-1810), the connoisseur and collector. On the other hand, another 
 correspondent suggests that there was an important person named William Loch in 
 India when Zoffany was there, and the portrait may be of him. 
 
 For information respecting other pictures by Zoffany which do not appear in their proper 
 places in Appendix A, see p. 248, on which is a list of pictures which were heard of 
 whilst the book was passing through the press. 
 
 We have recently seen a fireboard decorated with flowers, very similar to the one 
 represented in the portrait of Maria, Duchess of Gloucester, illustrated opposite p. 164. 
 These fireboards are now exceedingly rare and the existence of this one proves how 
 meticulously correct Zoffany was. No adjunct of “parlour decoration” appears to have 
 escaped his attention. 
 
 Northwich Park Collection. 
 
 It should have been stated that the picture alluded to on p. 222 is the property 
 of Capt. Spencer-Churchill and that it represents a scene from a play stated to 
 include Garrick, Mrs. Betterton, and someone else who has been styled Mr. Betterton 
 but who is more likely to be Mr. Cibber. It is a good picture and about 36 x 35. 
 Dr. Lionel Cust, who is preparing a catalogue of the pictures in the gallery, has 
 supplied us with this information. 
 
 p. 35, 11 . 2, 5 , for Dolland read Dollond. 
 
 p. 53, 1 . 24 , for Cosways read Cosway’s. 
 
 p. 54, 1 . 9 , for Humphrey’s read Humphry’s. 
 
 p. 99, 1 . Z 1 ,for Serampur read Serampore. 
 
 p. hi, 11 . 26, 27 , for Cater read Cator. 
 
 p. 136, note 2 , for Tremamando in two places read Tremamondo. 
 
 p. 172, 1 . x, for Maria Walpole (Duchess of Gloucester) read Maria Walpole (Countess 
 Waldegrave), Duchess of Gloucester. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 In presenting the following pages to our readers, it is desirable that 
 I should take upon myself the responsibility for them, and assume the 
 burden of such errors as may be discovered. 
 
 Lady Victoria Manners, and I, have acted throughout in complete 
 unity as regards purpose, intention and scheme, but the actual composition 
 of the book has fallen to me, while for the discovery of the pictures, 
 their examination and description, my colleague is mainly responsible. 
 
 Where it has been practicable, we have inspected the paintings to- 
 gether, and aided each other’s judgment, but while this has been possible 
 in London, it has been difficult to accomplish elsewhere, and it is due to 
 the unceasing industry and perseverance displayed by Lady Victoria, 
 that so large and full a catalogue of Zoffany’s works has been compiled. 
 
 The lists of exhibited works and of pictures recently sold we owe 
 to the remarkable volumes compiled by Mr. Algernon Graves, and to 
 his ready and generous courtesy in permitting ample use to be made of 
 them. For the other appendices I am responsible, and it is believed 
 that they may be found of service to the collector and critic. 
 
 For the work of finding out the pictures and the allusions to them, in 
 connection with the chapters on the “ theatrical groups ” and “ con- 
 versation pieces,” Lady Victoria Manners is chiefly concerned, while, 
 on the other hand, for all the researches concerning Zoffany’s life in 
 India and for the personal chapter I have to assume responsibility. 
 
 In all the chapters we have consulted one another at every stage. 
 
 We are greatly indebted to the various members of Zoffany’s family, 
 who, when once discovered, have met us in generous fashion, given us 
 such information as they possessed, and placed at our entire disposal 
 documents, photographs, drawings and miniatures, as also the Patent of 
 Nobility and the papers belonging thereto. 
 
 In this connection especial gratitude is due to the painter’s only 
 surviving granddaughter, Mrs. Oldfield, and to her daughters, as also 
 to Mrs. Everard Hesketh, a great-granddaughter, and particularly to 
 Miss Beachcroft and Miss Ellen Beachcroft. 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 It has been our regret that we have been unable to get into similar 
 touch with those who are descended from the two elder daughters of the 
 painter, to trace many pictures painted by him, and to find a host of his 
 studies, sketches and papers that should still be in existence, but which 
 seem to have disappeared since they were sold in 1810 by Robins, the 
 auctioneer, at his “ great rooms ” in the Piazza, Covent Garden. 
 
 We have to tender our hearty thanks for kindly assistance rendered 
 us in connection with Zoffany’s career in India, by Earl Curzon, who has 
 taken a vivid interest in that part of the book and supplied very' much 
 valuable information ; by Mr. Stephen Wheeler, who has supplied a 
 mass of invaluable material concerning the Cock Match picture, and 
 generously placed all his notes at our disposal, including the correct 
 Indian names in Persian script ; by the Archdeacon of Calcutta, the 
 Chaplain to St. John’s Church, the Rev. Frank and Mrs. Pennv, and 
 Messrs. H. E. A. Cotton, J. J. Cotton, William Foster, S. C. Hill, T. G. 
 Sykes and by the authorities of the Victoria Memorial Exhibition, 
 notably by Mr. Frank Harrington. 
 
 We have also to thank Dr. Lionel Cust for much kindly aid, Sir Claude 
 Phillips for many a valuable hint and some important advice, the Rev. 
 Charles Swynnerton for information concerning Angelo’s portraits, and 
 Mr. W. T. Whitley for various pieces of information and for many useful 
 suggestions and hints. 
 
 To His Majesty the King we owe a very special and respectful ex- 
 pression of our gratitude for a splendid photograph of the “ Tribuna ” 
 picture, Zoffany’s chief work, for photographs of many other paintings 
 and for details of all those contained in tiic Royal Gallery ; but to almost 
 all the owners ot Zoffany pictures we have also to express grateful thanks. 
 '1’hey have treated us with much consideration, and in manv cases have 
 supplied us with photographs and referred us to documents. 
 
 \\ ithout their aid the book would have failed in its illustrations and 
 lost its especial attraction, and we would desire particularlv to mention 
 the aid of Mr. Asch, the Duke of Atholl, Mr. Bridgeman, the Duke of 
 Buccleuch, the Marquis of Bristol, Mr. G. E. Lloyd Baker, Miss Boothby, 
 Colonel Bradney, Miss Bevan, Earl Curzon, K.G., Mrs. Somers Cocks, 
 the Hon. Evan Charteris, the Earl of Durham, Mr. G. and Mr. Maldwin 
 Drummond, Lady Desborough, Colonel Daniell, Messrs. Ehrich, Sir 
 Reginald Graham, Rev. R. Holden, Mr. Impey, Mrs. Kennedy, Mr. 
 Longman, Mr. Middleton, Mr. Robert Marshall, Sir R. C. Munro- 
 Ferguson, Lady Muir Mackenzie, MacLeod of MacLeod, Sir Hugh 
 McCalmont, Mr. Mathias, Sir E. Nugent, Mr. Oswald, Lord O’Hagan, 
 Sir H. Parry’, Mrs. Spencer Perceval, Capt. Pepys, the Duke of Port- 
 land, Lord Ribblesdale, Colonel Roundell, Mr. R. S. Strachey, Lord 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Vll 
 
 Sherborne, Sir Douglas Seton-Stuart, Lady Sayer, Mr. Harry Verney, 
 Rev. Wentworth Watson, the Hon. Frederic Wallop, Lord Willoughby 
 de Broke, Sir William Young, Mr. Yorke, the Earl of Yarborough and 
 many others. 
 
 Finally, in this respect we must make separate mention of the Com- 
 mittee of the Garrick Club for their goodness in relaxing, for this occasion 
 only, their hitherto inflexible rule against photographing or copying the 
 theatrical paintings which form an unrivalled collection in their Club 
 House. 
 
 Yielding, most gracefully, to our importunate desires, they have tem- 
 porarily suspended the rule and allowed us to have photographed for this 
 volume many of their chief treasures, and for this favour, which renders 
 our book unique in its attractions, we return them very grateful thanks. 
 
 We must not fail also in expressing our sincere thanks to our 
 publisher, Mr. John Lane, for the pains he has taken in searching for 
 pictures by Zoffany. In this search he has been very successful, and, 
 moreover, has been able to acquire for his own collection some 
 important examples, all of which appear amongst our illustrations. 
 He desires still to continue this search, and to hear of any other 
 paintings by Zoffany, or any engravings of his work not here recorded. 
 
 Our thanks are also due to the Editor of the Connoisseur for much 
 consideration, and to all our numberless correspondents whom we have 
 troubled with our inquiries, as also to Messrs. Agnew, Ehrich, Colnaghi 
 and Knoedler for information and to the latter for the loan of a photo- 
 graph of Zoffany’s house at Chiswick. We had considerable assistance, 
 in the early stages of our book, from the late Sir Walter Armstrong, 
 who was a great admirer of Zoffany’s work, and regarded Mr. Wallop’s 
 group as “ the best he had ever seen.” The late Mr. Lockett Agnew also 
 interested himself in our researches, and gave us many pieces of important 
 information, as also did the late Mr. Martin Colnaghi. 
 
 George C. Williamson. 
 
 Burgh House , 
 Hampstead , 
 London. 
 
X 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 own rooms, surrounded by their own furniture and ornaments, engaged 
 in amusement or in eating and drinking, and he sets before us with loving 
 devotion the very objects they possessed, whether of silver, glass, porce- 
 lain, bronze or marble, and painted in such clear fashion that we can 
 identify the very things, and see for ourselves the whole scene as it 
 appeared to the artist of the day. These two characteristics should be 
 sufficient to entitle Zoffany to be regarded as a painter of no mean repute. 
 More, however, can be said. He would appear to have been a profound 
 student of the best elements of Dutch painting, and to have trained him- 
 self upon the works of the Dutch masters, such as Gerard Dow, Van 
 Mieris, Terborch, Metsu, De Hooghe and others, men who delighted 
 in painting interior scenes, and who had great appreciation of detail, and 
 a love of rich material. The only English artist who approximated to 
 these Dutch painters was Hogarth, and the art of Hogarth and the paintings 
 of Zoffany have often been compared. Hogarth was undoubtedly the 
 master of the so-called conversational pieces in England, and it is clear, 
 in considering the works of Zoffany, that he was largely influenced by 
 Hogarth, and, while deriving considerable inspiration from the Dutch, 
 built upon the example of Hogarth, adding to his skill of composing the 
 groups, that love of meticulous detail and exquisite treatment which he 
 derived from Holland . 1 To the breadth and grandeur of Hogarth he 
 never attained, but his contribution to English art is the adoption of the 
 style of the Dutch painters to the conversation pieces of which Hogarth 
 was the originator in England. In painting such family groups, the 
 artists who have excelled are comparatively few. Franz Hals, of course, 
 stands at the head of them, followed by Hogarth, Terborch and Zoffany, 
 and the last we do not regard as the least. There has, in fact, been made 
 a comparison between the work of Hals and that of Zoffany, and it has 
 been pointed out that both men were extremely successful in composition, 
 both delighted in bringing together a number of persons united by some 
 common thread of interest, and arranged in a group somewhat corre- 
 sponding to that of a family, and that both were successful portrait painters, 
 but the comparison can be more easily drawn between Hogarth and Hals 
 than between Hals and Zoffany, because in skill, in spacing, in values, 
 and in breadth, the two men first named more nearly resemble one 
 another, while Zoffany’s peculiar skill consisted in that which he drew 
 from the Dutch masters, his fine draughtsmanship and elaboration of 
 detail, and his correct and almost affectionate representation of textures 
 such as velvet, satin, silk, brocade and the like. In this, it may be said, 
 that in a measure his paintings act as a corrective to the more loose style 
 
 1 His admiration of Hogarth is revealed to us in the Catalogue of his sale. Fine 
 impressions of engravings after Hogarth fill no less than eleven lots. ( See Appendix.) 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 xi 
 
 of the greater English masters of his period. It would appear, from a 
 consideration of Zoffany, that he was probably attached to objects almost 
 as much as he was to persons, and one would consider him as a man who 
 had a great love for his own household goods, and was not really com- 
 fortable unless he was surrounded by such things as made his rooms 
 beautiful, and appealed to his sense of luxury and comfort. That being 
 so, he realised that, in order to make his family portrait groups perfect 
 and interesting, he must give an almost equal attention to the fittings of 
 the parlour in which he represented the persons, as to the persons them- 
 selves, and, in consequence, his paintings reproduce in their structure 
 the sense of comfort and of family life which, it is clear, he aimed to 
 set upon his canvas. The furniture, the mantelpiece, the porcelain or 
 bronzes on the mantelshelf, the pictures on the walls, the panelling and 
 the framework of the doors and the windows, the tea equipage with its 
 fine porcelain and choice silver, the carpets and the rugs on the floors, 
 the curtains and the children’s toys, were all treated by Zoffany in his 
 best pictures as parts of the family life, which must be illustrated if the 
 family portrait was to be a true reproduction, and, moreover, he believed 
 that all these adjuncts deserved care on his part, and he accordingly 
 painted them with great skill and attention. At the same time, it must be 
 mentioned that Zoffany never allowed accessories to usurp or to assume 
 too high a position in the picture. They were always accessories to the 
 group, and the persons who were represented occupied, as they naturally 
 should occupy, the chief position. If Zoffany was painting a musical 
 family — as, for instance — the Sharps— the instruments upon which they 
 were playing, or which they held in their hands, were a necessary part of 
 their life, and were, in his opinion, not to be merely suggested, but to 
 be carefully and judiciously painted. If his sitters were reading or 
 writing or playing, the same attention was to be given to the letters, 
 newspapers, books or playing-cards with which they were engaged, and 
 a strong conscientiousness of purpose marked the work of Zoffany in all 
 these groups. There are, of course, examples when Zoffany overdid this 
 love of accessories, for instance, in those two fine pictures “ The Tribuna ” 
 and “ The Sharp Family,” where the compositions are distinctly over- 
 crowded. The same remark applies to many of his Indian groups. 
 There are far too many persons represented in them, but that perhaps 
 was partly the fault of those who commissioned the picture, and who 
 desired that it should include almost every member of the family. Even, 
 however, in these larger out-of-door compositions, Zoffany always deter- 
 mined to make the group a homely revelation, by introducing drinking- 
 vessels, a chess-table, a pipe-bearer, or some servants, all adjuncts to the 
 picture, rendering it more interesting at the time when it was executed, 
 
X 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 own rooms, surrounded by their own furniture and ornaments, engaged 
 in amusement or in eating and drinking, and he sets before us with loving 
 devotion the very objects they possessed, whether of silver, glass, porce- 
 lain, bronze or marble, and painted in such clear fashion that we can 
 identify the very things, and see for ourselves the whole scene as it 
 appeared to the artist of the day. These two characteristics should be 
 sufficient to entitle Zoffany to be regarded as a painter of no mean repute. 
 More, however, can be said. He would appear to have been a profound 
 student of the best elements of Dutch painting, and to have trained him- 
 self upon the works of the Dutch masters, such as Gerard Dow, Van 
 Mieris, Terborch, Metsu, De Hooghe and others, men who delighted 
 in painting interior scenes, and who had great appreciation of detail, and 
 a love of rich material. The only English artist who approximated to 
 these Dutch painters was Hogarth, and the art of Hogarth and the paintings 
 of Zoffany have often been compared. Hogarth was undoubtedly the 
 master of the so-called conversational pieces in England, and it is clear, 
 in considering the works of Zoffany, that he was largely influenced by 
 Hogarth, and, while deriving considerable inspiration from the Dutch, 
 built upon the example of Hogarth, adding to his skill of composing the 
 groups, that love of meticulous detail and exquisite treatment which he 
 derived from Holland . 1 To the breadth and grandeur of Hogarth he 
 never attained, but his contribution to English art is the adoption of the 
 style of the Dutch painters to the conversation pieces of which Hogarth 
 was the originator in England. In painting such family groups, the 
 artists who have excelled are comparatively few. Franz Hals, of course, 
 stands at the head of them, followed by Hogarth, Terborch and Zoffany, 
 and the last we do not regard as the least. There has, in fact, been made 
 a comparison between the work of Hals and that of Zoffany, and it has 
 been pointed out that both men were extremely successful in composition, 
 both delighted in bringing together a number of persons united by some 
 common thread of interest, and arranged in a group somewhat corre- 
 sponding to that of a family, and that both were successful portrait painters, 
 but the comparison can be more easily drawn between Hogarth and Hals 
 than between Hals and Zoffany, because in skill, in spacing, in values, 
 and in breadth, the two men first named more nearly resemble one 
 another, while Zoffany’s peculiar skill consisted in that which he drew 
 from the Dutch masters, his fine draughtsmanship and elaboration of 
 detail, and his correct and almost affectionate representation of textures 
 such as velvet, satin, silk, brocade and the like. In this, it may be said, 
 that in a measure his paintings act as a corrective to the more loose style 
 
 1 His admiration of Hogarth is revealed to us in the Catalogue of his sale. Fine 
 impressions of engravings after Hogarth fill no less than eleven lots. (See Appendix.) 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 xi 
 
 of the greater English masters of his period. It would appear, from a 
 consideration of Zoffany, that he was probably attached to objects almost 
 as much as he was to persons, and one would consider him as a man who 
 had a great love for his own household goods, and was not really com- 
 fortable unless he was surrounded by such things as made his rooms 
 beautiful, and appealed to his sense of luxury and comfort. That being 
 so, he realised that, in order to make his family portrait groups perfect 
 and interesting, he must give an almost equal attention to the fittings of 
 the parlour in which he represented the persons, as to the persons them- 
 selves, and, in consequence, his paintings reproduce in their structure 
 the sense of comfort and of family life which, it is clear, he aimed to 
 set upon his canvas. The furniture, the mantelpiece, the porcelain or 
 bronzes on the mantelshelf, the pictures on the walls, the panelling and 
 the framework of the doors and the windows, the tea equipage with its 
 fine porcelain and choice silver, the carpets and the rugs on the floors, 
 the curtains and the children’s toys, were all treated by Zoffany in his 
 best pictures as parts of the family life, which must be illustrated if the 
 family portrait was to be a true reproduction, and, moreover, he believed 
 that all these adjuncts deserved care on his part, and he accordingly 
 painted them with great skill and attention. At the same time, it must be 
 mentioned that Zoffany never allowed accessories to usurp or to assume 
 too high a position in the picture. They were always accessories to the 
 group, and the persons who were represented occupied, as they naturally 
 should occupy, the chief position. If Zoffany was painting a musical 
 family — as, for instance — the Sharps — the instruments upon which they 
 were playing, or which they held in their hands, were a necessary part of 
 their life, and were, in his opinion, not to be merely suggested, but to 
 be carefully and judiciously painted. If his sitters were reading or 
 writing or playing, the same attention was to be given to the letters, 
 newspapers, books or playing-cards with which they were engaged, and 
 a strong conscientiousness of purpose marked the work of Zoffany in all 
 these groups. There are, of course, examples when Zoffany overdid this 
 love of accessories, for instance, in those two fine pictures “ The Tribuna ” 
 and “ The Sharp Family,” where the compositions are distinctly over- 
 crowded. The same remark applies to many of his Indian groups. 
 There are far too many persons represented in them, but that perhaps 
 was partly the fault of those who commissioned the picture, and who 
 desired that it should include almost every member of the family. Even, 
 however, in these larger out-of-door compositions, Zoffany always deter- 
 mined to make the group a homely revelation, by introducing drinking- 
 vessels, a chess-table, a pipe-bearer, or some servants, all adjuncts to the 
 picture, rendering it more interesting at the time when it was executed, 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 xii 
 
 and to us who see it now, intensifying its interest a hundredfold, because 
 Zoffany’s pictures reveal to us the persons whom he painted, in their own 
 surroundings, far more than do the works of the greater portrait painters 
 of his days . 1 
 
 He put right away from him the ideas of classic drapery and classic 
 arrangement that were so dear to Sir Joshua Reynolds. He appears to 
 have had little sympathy with the fashionable landscape, the ordinary 
 stone vase or red curtain, or even with the distant view over town, river 
 or country, which sufficed as a suitable setting for the greater portraits of 
 the day. Zoffany aimed at something more intimate. If a house was 
 to be introduced, it was a view of the family residence ; if gardens or the 
 river, the details were so carefully painted that the scene could be easily 
 recognised, and all its adjuncts were correct. In consequence, many of 
 Zoffany’s best pictures not only give us the persons in the habit in which 
 they lived, but also views of their houses, gardens or farmyards, that are 
 of unusual interest in the present day. 
 
 Another comparison may also fittingly be made. There are a few of 
 Zoffany’s pictures — -notably his portrait of Dollond the optician, which is 
 now at Buckingham Palace — in which a complex system of lighting is 
 challenged, attacked and conquered, and in which his painting, with its 
 dry excellence, accurate draughtsmanship, and extraordinary fidelity to 
 life, claims a distinct connection with that of Chardin. 
 
 On the other hand, almost as an extraordinary antithesis to it, there 
 is a group of paintings by Zoffany, the chief of which is the one called 
 “ The Minuet,” which hangs in the Glasgow gallery, in which there is a 
 strong feeling of Watteau. In this, the artist had an instinct of poetry, 
 an almost overwhelming one, and there is a dreamy grace about this 
 particular group, and about one or two others painted in this special 
 manner, which lets us see that Zoffany was aiming at something rather 
 higher, and was at the moment sacrificing his conscientiousness in por- 
 traiture and in accessories, to the conception of a family group painted 
 with a certain poetic feeling. 
 
 As regards his theatrical work, to which we have already made allusion, 
 he was evidently a profound lover of the stage himself, or he could never 
 have painted his theatrical subjects so well. Doubtless he was attracted 
 by the composition of the theatrical groups, and by the glowing colour 
 of the costumes and the scenery. He appears to have made sketches on 
 
 1 Mrs. Piozzi in her Glimpses at Italian Society, written in Genoa in 1784 ( see p. 53), 
 has an interesting allusion to Zoffany. She says, “ My chief amusement at Alexandria 
 was to look out upon the huddled market-place, as a great dramatic writer of our day 
 has called it; and who could help longing there for Zoffani’s pencil to paint the lively 
 scene ? ” 
 
Coll, of the Hon. F. Wallop 
 
 MINIATURE OF A MAN, NAME UNKNOWN 
 
 SIGNED AND DATED 
 
 By some critics it is suggested that this represents 
 Lord Carlisle 
 
 1 1 appears to have an F on the reverse 
 

 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 xiu 
 
 the stage itself for his principal compositions, and he was not content 
 with giving us the portraiture of the actors in question, but he let himself 
 go upon the rich materials used in the costumes, and upon all the various 
 accessories, representing them with a brilliance, an almost jewel-like 
 quality, that marks his best works. His pigments must have been very 
 carefully prepared, probably he ground his own colours, and was exceed- 
 ingly particular respecting them. They have stood well, and in many 
 examples the colour values are as clear and well defined as they must have 
 been when the work was first completed. There are occasions, of course, 
 where the colouring has its smooth, enamel-like quality somewhat over- 
 done, but one of the features of Zoffany’s work is the conscientiousness 
 with which it is carried out. Nothing is scamped, neglected, overlooked. 
 The picture in its way is perfect, and in this respect is almost unrivalled. 
 
 In his single portraits he is not as great as he is in his interior groups, 
 but even here the same careful attention to details marks his work, the 
 same effect of rich colouring and of beautiful textures. That he was at 
 times inadequate in his single portraits is undoubtedly true, and he does 
 not occupy a very prominent position, either with regard to such single 
 portraits, or with regard to religious pictures. There were many men of 
 his day who could paint small single portraits better than Zoffany often 
 painted them. There were numbers who could paint them just as well 
 as Zoffany, but not perhaps with exactly the same consideration of the 
 textiles and materials. 
 
 His Scripture pictures are negligible in the consideration of his art. 
 He did not possess the power of creating religious emotion, nor had he 
 either the sympathy or the deep respect for the subjects which he trans- 
 ferred to his canvas, enabling him to make of them successful pictures. 
 That he painted too many pictures may readily be granted, that he was 
 careless in some of his compositions is quite certain, and that many of 
 the pictures attributed to him are not worthy of him, may also be said, 
 but, as he was not in the habit of signing his works , 1 it is quite possible 
 that some of the paintings attributed to him, even upon fairly distinct 
 evidence, may have little or nothing to do with him, and may be the 
 work, either of his pupils, or of those who were painting similar pictures 
 in his time, but his greater paintings are well known, easily recognised, 
 and triumphant in their particular way. 
 
 1 We have only seen one picture, the portrait of Mr. Maddison, belonging to Mr. 
 John Lane, in which we are convinced the signature is a genuine one. Mr. Lane also 
 possesses a signed self-portrait in the form of a drawing dated 1761, undoubtedly 
 genuine, and there are signatures to be found on other drawings ( e . g. the self-portrait 
 which forms our frontispiece and the fine drawing of Lord Heathfield). Mr. Wallop’s 
 important miniature is also signed. 
 
XIV 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 The writers of this volume have endeavoured to trace all the paintings 
 that have been attributed to Zoffany, to inspect most of them, and to 
 decide, as far as they could, which might rightly be considered to be the 
 work of the master himself ; with the result that they are able to present 
 a very full list, and to illustrate Zoffany’s work in a manner w T hich it has 
 long been desirable should be done. 
 
 The man himself had a romantic career, and every effort has been made 
 to gather up, not only from the memoirs of the period, from newspapers, 
 and from correspondence, but also from those persons who are con- 
 nected with the family, all the testimony that can be obtained concerning 
 the different events in his life, and it has been interesting to prove that 
 many of the current stories respecting the artist were not merely apocryphal 
 legends, but were actual facts. 
 
 The narrative has been set forth of his first adventures in England, of 
 his desertion by his first wife, which left him almost penniless, of his 
 painting of clock-faces and moving figures, of his romantic second marriage, 
 and of his feeling for adventure, which would not permit him to settle 
 down to a prosaic career in England, but urged him to seek relief, first 
 in a projected journey with Sir Joseph Banks, and then in his trip to 
 Italy, and finally to his sojourn in India. Every scrap of information 
 respecting him that has been known to the authors, has been gathered 
 together, and nothing has been neglected, however trivial, provided that 
 it shed some light upon a part of his career. 
 
 The search for his pictures, and for information respecting him, has 
 been rather more difficult than would have been the case with some of 
 the better known artists, because Zoffany worked among the smaller 
 country squires of England, and for the people of lesser degree, especially 
 for those who lived away from London, while his great rivals, Reynolds, 
 Romney, Gainsborough and others, had as their sitters, the more notable 
 people of the day, those whose history and career it is more easy to trace. 
 Considerable use has been made of the diaries of Mrs. Papendiek, be- 
 cause, as she was a personal friend of Mrs. Zoffany, she spoke from intimate 
 knowledge, but, as has been mentioned further on in the book, she is 
 not wholly to be depended upon, for she was a garrulous old lady, who 
 wrote about events long after they had transpired, and often mixed up 
 dates and names in almost inextricable confusion. 
 
 For public events, Zoffany had not much interest. His life, like that 
 of his pictures, was of an intimate character, and the recollections of his 
 granddaughter are of the smaller and more homely details of his life, 
 rather than of the greater events. So far as can be told, he does not 
 appear to have kept any diary, and his books of accounts were destroyed 
 when Mrs. Zoffany died of the cholera. His letters are but few, not 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 xv 
 
 numbering a dozen in all, but there are many allusions to him in the 
 diaries and correspondence of the day, and as far as possible, the writers 
 of the volume have endeavoured to make use of them, and to present, 
 to the best of their ability, a faithful portrait of an artist of no mean repute, 
 and one whose works deserve to be better known and more appreciated 
 than they have been hitherto. 
 
 G. C. W. 
 

 
 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 [The figures in square brackets refer to the British Museum catalogues.] 
 
 Anderdon’s interleaved copies of the Royal Academy Catalogues in the British Museum 
 Print Room and Royal Academy Library. 
 
 Angelo, Reminiscences of. 1828. Grego edit., 2 vols., 1904. [K.T.C. 105. A. 8.] 
 
 Angelo’s Picnic or Table Talk. 1834. 
 
 Beale, T. W. : Oriental Dictionary. Keene’s edit., 1894. [2092. e.] 
 
 Bengal Past and Present. Calcutta Academies. [Ac. 8603.] 
 
 Bengal Sporting Magazine. Vol. II. July 1834. [P.P. 1850.] 
 
 Berkeley Grantley : Recollections. 1866. Vol. IV. 
 
 Biographica Dramatica. Baker. 1782. 
 
 Blechyndon, K. : Calcutta Past and Present. 1901-5. [010058. ee. 22.] 
 
 Buckland, C. E. : Dictionary of Indian Biography. 1906. [2094. b.] 
 
 Carey, W. H. : The Good Old Days of fohn Company. 190 7. [09057. bb. 31.] 
 
 Chamberlain, A. B. : Life of Romney. 1910. 
 
 Cotton, H. E. A. : Calcutta Old and New. 1907. [010058. ee. 48.] 
 
 Cust, L. H. : Notes on Pictures in the Royal Collection. 1911. [7857. K. 11.] 
 
 Catalogue of Pictures in the Royal Collection. 1909. [7855. K. 19.] 
 
 Royal Paintings. 1905-6. [Tab. 651. b. 1.] 
 
 Dale, Wm. : Tschudi. 
 
 Delany, Mrs. : Letters of Lady Llanover. 1862. 
 
 Letters of. 1820. [1086. i. 7.] 
 
 Correspondence. 1861. [2407. d. r.] 
 
 Doran, Dr. : M an and Manners at the Court of Florence. 1876. 
 
 Earwig, The. 1781. (Said to have been written by M. Lowe.) [11630. e. 10. (1).] 
 Eaton and Hodgsons : Royal Academy and its Members. 1905. [07806. g. 24.] 
 
 Elmes, Jas. : Arts and Artists. 1825. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Percy : Life of Garrick. 1868. [2407. 9. 6.] 
 
 Forbes : Oriental Memoirs. Vol. II. 489. 
 
 Foster, W. : Paintings in the India Office. 1914. 
 
 Garrick, D., Memoirs of : Davies. 1780. 
 
 „ „ „ Murphy. 1801. 
 
 ,, ,, ,, Fitzgerald. 1868. 
 
 „ „ „ Knight. 1894. 
 
 Graves, Algernon. All his invaluable works on the Royal Academy and other 
 Exhibitions. 
 b 
 
 xvn 
 
XV111 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 Grier, S. G. : Letters of Warren Hastings to his Wife. 
 
 Hastings, Warren : Memoirs Relating to the State of India. 1757. 
 
 iSee front.) 
 
 Haydon, T. W Life of. 1876. [10826. dd. 9.] 
 
 Hazlitt, W. : Complete Works. Glovers, cont. [012272. ee. 1.] 
 
 Hedgecock, F. A. : David Garrick and his French Friends. 1912. [010827. h. 32.] 
 
 Hill, S. C. : Life of Maj.-Gen. Claud Martin. 
 
 Bengal in 1756-7. (front.) 
 
 Hobbes : Picture Collector’s Manual. 
 
 Hodges, Wm. : Travels in India. 1793. [683. 1. 13.] 
 
 Hyde, H. B. : Parochial Annals of Calcutta. 1901. [4744. g. 22.] 
 
 The Parish of Bengal. 1899. [476 7. d. 38.] 
 
 India, Imperial Gazetcer of. 1909. 
 
 Jerdan, Wm. : Autobiography. 1852. [10856. aa. 24.] 
 
 Johnson, S. : Life of Boswell. 1887 edit. 
 
 Lives of the Poets. 1905 edit. 
 
 Thrale Letters. 1788. 
 
 Karr, Sir W. Seton : Calcutta Gazette Extracts. (5 vols.) [09057. dd. 23.] 
 
 Keen, H. G. : Madhavd Rdo Sindhia. 1890. [10603. dd. 28.] 
 
 Lawson, Sir C. : Memoirs of Madras, 1905. [010057. S ■ 48-1 
 
 Leslie, C. R. (and Taylor) : Life of Reynolds. 1865. [10826. cc. 20.] 
 
 His Autobiography, i860. [010827. e. 5.] 
 
 Levy, Miss F. N. : American Art Annual. 
 
 Literary Anecdotes. Nichols. 1812-1815. 
 
 Literary Gazette, July 8, 1826 and July 15, 1825. 
 
 Monthly Magazine, The. 1808. 2 vols. [257. C. 1. 19. PP. 5460.] 
 
 Moore, E. W. : Privy Council Appeals. 1836. [709. e. 1— 15. | 
 
 Appeals to Privy Council. 1836. [5310. f. 1.] 
 
 Nevill, R. : Sporting Prints. [R.P.P. 1931. pcx.] 
 
 Nichols, J. : Literary Anecdotes. 1782. [275. h. 3-11.] 
 
 Nollekens and his Times {see Smith). 
 
 Northcote, f ., Conversations of. 1901. [12352. dd. 34.] 
 
 Memorials of. Gwynn. 1898. [10S25 i. 15.] 
 
 Book of Fables. 1845. [12304. ee. 27.] 
 
 Life of Reynolds. 1818. [1044. e. 20.] 
 
 Notes and Queries. 10th Series, VII. 429; VIII. 14; and many other references. 
 
 Papendiek, Mrs. : Court Life in the time of George III. 1887. [10825. dd. 19.] 
 
 Parke, Fanny : Wanderings of a Pilgrim. 1850. [10055. I* 20.] 
 
 Parsons, Mrs. C. : Garrick and his Circle. 1906. 
 
 Pasquin, Anthony (John Williams) : Memoirs of the Royal Academicians. 1796. 
 [1044. d. 11.] 
 
 Poems. 1789. [992. b. 25.] 
 
 Liberal Critique on the R.A. [1422. g. 23.] 
 
 Critical Guide to the R.A. [1044. d. 11.] 
 
 Royal Academicians. [11. 777. g. 70.] 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 xix 
 
 Paston, G. : Life of Mrs. Delany. igoo. [10856. c. 2.] 
 
 Penny, Rev. F. : The Church in Madras. 
 
 Pindar, Peter: His Works. 1794-6. [992. h. 29.] 
 
 Punjaub Educational Journal. Feb. 1906. 
 
 Pye, John : Patronage of British Art. 1845. [786. h. 33.] 
 
 Ralph. James : The Case of the A uthors. 1762. 
 
 Redding, Cyrus : Recollections. 1858. [10856. a. 16.] 
 
 Yesterday and To-day. 1863. [12633. k. 12.] 
 
 Redfern : Art Sales. [22639. 11.] 
 
 Redgrave : Dictionary of Artists. 
 
 Robinson, H. Crabb, Diary of. 1872. [2408. b. 4.] 
 
 Sandby : History of the Royal Academy. 1862. [2262^.19.] 
 
 Scott, Rev. S. : St. fohn’s Church, Calcutta. 1909. 
 
 Sequier : Dictionary of Artists. 1870. [7854. ff. 7.] 
 
 Shee, Sir M. A., Life of. i860. [10827. h. 27.] 
 
 Sieveking : Sir H. Mann. 1912. [010827. K. 16.] 
 
 Smith, J. T. : Nollekens and His Times. Whittens edit. 
 
 Book for a Rainy Day. Whittens edit. 1905. 
 
 Smith, T. C. : British Mezzotinto Portraits. 1878. 
 
 Spielmann, M. H. : British Portrait Painting. 1910. 
 
 Stage, The English. Genest. 1832. 
 
 Taylor, John : Records of my Life. 1832. [613. g. 15.] 
 
 Taylor, Tom: Life of Hay don. 1853. [10826. cc. 17.] 
 
 Essays. 1872. [7854. i. 10.] 
 
 Tennyson, Charles. Art. in the Quarterly Review for January 1917. 
 Thespis. Hugh Kelly. 1776. 
 
 Twining, Thomas : Travels in India. 1839. [010057. i- 1 .] 
 
 Victor, Benjamin : History of the Theatres of London. 1761-71. 
 
 Walpole, H. : Letters. Toynbee edit., 1904, etc. 
 
 Memoir of, by Austin Dobson. 1890. 
 
 Wraxall, Sir Nathaniel : Memoirs. 1884. 
 
PEDIGREE OF THE ZOFFANY FAMILY 
 
 As first wile, between = JOHANN ZOFFANY - 
 1750 and 1758, a German 1733-1810 (Nov. 11), 
 
 lady, the niece of a priest at. 87. 
 
 at Coblenz. She left 
 him and died soon after- 
 wards. 
 
 as second wife Mary 
 Thomas, aged 15 at time 
 of marriage, 1 755-* 832 
 (March 28), at. 77. 
 
 A boy, the eldest 
 child, who died from 
 an accident, aged 
 16 months and is 
 buried at Kew. 
 
 Maria = John Doratt of 
 Theresa I Bruton Street, 
 Louisa, surgeon, after- 
 c. 1 777. ! wards Sir John 
 I Doratt, c. 
 1779-1863. 
 
 I June 1799 
 
 Cecilia = Rev. Thomas 
 Clementina I Home, Jr., 
 Elizabeth, ' of Chiswick. 
 
 Charles, Augustus. David, 
 married his 
 
 Jeannie, Rose, 
 married and 
 lived in 
 Brussels. 
 
 II II 
 
 Thomas. Alfred. Robert, George. 
 
 Judge Home. 
 
 I I I 
 
 Clementina, Cecilia. Laura, 
 married her 
 cousin Charles. 
 
 - Robert, 14th child 
 of Samuel Beach- 
 croft, a Director 
 of the Bank of 
 England, 
 
 1840. 
 
 Robert 
 Zoffany, 
 1816-1884, 
 married 
 Emma Payne. 
 
 Alfred Thomas, 
 oh. 1880, 
 in Queensland. 
 
 Alfred, 
 1821-1862, 
 married 
 Cecilia Collins. 
 
 Claudine Celia, 
 married 
 James Woolley 
 Roberts, of 
 Manchester, 
 and died 190G. 
 
 Zoffany, 
 
 Douglas, 
 
 1823^874, 
 
 married 
 Mary Lewis. 
 
 Edward, 
 1826-1904, 
 married 
 Mary Frost. 
 
 Zoffany 
 Dewar, 
 r868-r9oo, 
 married 
 in r887 
 Caroline 
 McLaren. 
 
 Ellen Kathleen, 
 1863- 
 (living) 
 
 Amy Elizabeth, 
 1864- , 
 
 married 
 
 Cuthbert 
 
 Reynolds 
 
 (living). 
 
 Henry George, 
 r829~r862, 
 married 
 
 Elizabeth 
 
 Robinson. 
 
 Kate, 
 
 ■857- , 
 
 married 
 Everard 
 Hesketh 
 (living). 
 
 Mary Louisa, 
 1832 
 ving). 
 
 Zoffany Graham, Laura Harriettc = E. J. Jones. Eva Florence = E. T. Hooper. May Beatrice == Major Urquhart EtheAlary Kathleen 
 deceased. | No issue. Amy. Bartholomew. Zoffany. Claudina. 
 
 Oliver Duncan Ernest 
 
 (Capt.). Raymond 
 
 Urquhart 
 
 James C. 
 
 Frances, 
 1867-. , 
 
 married 
 Oscar 
 Ben well 
 (living). 
 
 Claudine Mary, 
 married, in 
 Natal, Charles 
 Shaw, and died 
 in 1912. 
 
 William Fortescue. 
 
 Robert Henry, 
 a magistrate 
 at Newcastle 
 in Natal. 
 
 George Philip, 
 living at 
 Durban. 
 
 Zoffany, Douglas 
 1892- 
 (living). 
 
A FEW DATES 
 
 1733. Born. 
 
 c. 1750. In Austria and Italy. 
 c. 1755. At Coblenz. 
 c . 1759. London. 
 
 1761. Painted his own portrait. See National Portrait Gallery. 
 1762-3. Exhibited at Society of Artists. 
 
 1764. Moved to Great Piazza, Covent Garden. 
 
 1765. Moved to Lincoln’s Inn Fields. 
 
 1765, 6, 7, 8 and 9. Exhibited at Society of Artists. 
 
 1770. First exhibited at the Royal Academy and continued to show 
 there till 1774. 
 
 1774. In Florence, probably went there in 1772 or very early in 
 
 1773 - 
 
 1776. In Vienna and created Edler von Zoffany — a Baron. 
 
 1779. Back in England. 
 
 1780. The date of the Conyers picture. 
 
 1781. Exhibited picture of the Sharp Family. He was robbed this 
 
 year also. See Walpole. 
 
 1782. Date of the Verney picture. 
 
 1783. Went to India. 
 
 1786. Date of the Cock-Match. 
 
 1788. Date of the Bridgeman picture. 
 
 1790. Back in England. Exhibited the Towneley Marble picture. 
 1796. Lived at Strand-on-the-Green. 
 
 1800. Last Exhibit at the Royal Academy. 
 
 1804. Named for the Royal Academy Council, but was abroad, 
 where is not at present known. 
 
 1810. Died. 
 
 XXI 
 

 
 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 CHAP - PAGE 
 
 PREFACE BY DR. WILLIAMSON V 
 
 INTRODUCTION ix 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY xvii 
 
 PEDIGREE OF THE ZOFFANY FAMILY Facing xxi 
 
 A FEW DATES IN CONNECTION WITH ZOFFANY’S CAREER . . xxi 
 
 I. THE EARLY LIFE OF THE ARTIST 3 
 
 II. ZOFFANY AS A ROYAL ACADEMICIAN 24 
 
 III. HIS CAREER IN ITALY 42 
 
 IV. HIS LATER WORK 66 
 
 V. ZOFFANY IN INDIA 80 
 
 VI. ZOFFANY’S RETURN HOME 1 14 
 
 VII. ZOFFANY HIMSELF, AND HIS WIFE AND FAMILY .... 126 
 
 VIII. GARRICK AND THE THEATRICAL PICTURES 1 39 
 
 IX. ZOFFANY’S CONVERSATION GROUPS 151 
 
 X. SINGLE PORTRAITS 1 62 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 List of the Works of Zoffany, at present known, arranged under the names of 
 owners, and with details as to their having been exhibited, their sizes, 
 colouring, etc. ........... 171 
 
 List of Works that have been heard of while this book was passing through 
 
 the Press ............ 248 
 
 List of Pictures by Zoffany exhibited at the Galleries of the Society of Artists, 
 1762-1769 ; of the Free Society of Artists in 1766 and of the Royal Academy, 
 1770-1800, with some extracts from Walpole’s Catalogues, and the names 
 of the present owners of the pictures, so far as they can be traced . .251 
 
 xxiii 
 
XXIV 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 PAGE 
 
 List of Engravings after the Works of Zoffany in the British Museum and else- 
 where, and some references to the engraved portraits of Zoffany that are known 259 
 
 List of Pictures by Zoffany that have been exhibited from time to time. British 
 Institution, 1814-1867 ; Suffolk Street, 1833-1834 ; Manchester, 1857 ; 
 International Exhibition, 1862 ; Royal Academy Winter Exhibitions, 
 1871-1912; Wrexham, 1876; Edinburgh, 1883; Grosvenor Gallery, 1888- 
 1890 ; New Gallery, 1891-1898 ; Grafton Gallery, 1894-1897 ; Birmingham, 
 1900-1903; Glasgow, 1902; Whitechapel, 1906-1912; Burlington Fine 
 Arts Club, 1907; Franco-British Exhibition, 1908; Paris, 1909; Japan 
 Exhibition, 1910 ; and National Portrait Exhibition, 1867 . . . 269 
 
 Catalogue of the Sale of Zoffany’s Pictures and Effects after his decease, 
 
 May 9, 1811 ........... 287 
 
 Copy of the Last Will and Testament of Zoffany, dated April 22, 1805 . . 297 
 
 Translation (from the German) of the Charter granted to Zoffany by the Empress 
 
 Maria Theresa, with Grant of Arms and Title of Nobility, December 4, 1776 301 
 
 List of some Pictures by Zoffany that have been sold in recent times . . . 307 
 
 List of Pictures by Zoffany which have been exhibited but which cannot now be 
 
 traced, or of which the present owner’s names are unknown . . 313 
 
 Note concerning Zoffany and Mrs. Warren Hastings 3*9 
 
 Index ............. 321 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 Portrait of Zoffany by Himself. (Signed) 
 {Coll, of Miss Beachcroft) 
 
 Frontispiece 
 
 To face page 
 
 Miniature representing a Man, name unknown. (Signed and dated) 
 
 {Coll, of the Hon. F. Wallop) 
 
 Drawing of Zoffany by Himself. (Signed and dated 1761) ...... 
 
 {Coll, of Mr. fohn Lane) 
 
 Portrait of Stephen Francis Rimbault ......... 
 
 {Coll, of Mrs. Alfred Aslett) 
 
 Bracket Clock by Rimbault, with Moving Figures Painted by Zoffany . 
 
 {Coll, of Mr. T. W. Greene) 
 
 Bracket Clock by Fladgate, with Figures above the Dial by Zoffany . 
 
 {Coll, of Mrs. Hope) 
 
 Bracket Clock with Painted Decoration and Figures. (Attributed by long tradition 
 to Zoffany ............ 
 
 {Coll, of Messrs. Harris & Sinclair) 
 
 Group by Benjamin Wilson, representing William Powell and His Family 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Portrait by Benjamin Wilson, representing Thomas King, the original Sir Peter 
 Teazle ............... 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Garrick in her Youth ......... 
 
 {Coll, of the Late Air. Asher Wertheimer) 
 
 Garrick and Mrs. Cibber in " The Farmer’s Return.” (From Garrick’s Sale) 
 
 {Coll, of the Earl of Durham) 
 
 Portrait of David Garrick in pencil and wash, on paper. (From the Garrick Sale, June 
 
 1823) 
 
 {Coll, of Dr. G. C. Williamson) 
 
 Family Group representing John, Third Duke of Atiioll, with His Wife and Seven' 
 Elder Children, on the Banks of the Tay 
 {Coll, of the Duke of Atholl) 
 
 The Original Receipt from Zoffany for the Money he received for Painting the 
 above Picture. (These two pictures on one Plate) 
 
 (Coll, of the Duke of Atholl) 
 
 Scene from “ Love in a Village,” representing Shuter, Beard and Dunstall. (From 
 the Print) .............. 
 
 (Original in Coll, of the Earl of Yarborough) 
 
 xii 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 Group of Members of the Nugent Family in a room from which can be seen the Horse 
 Guards Parade ............. 
 
 (Coll, of Sir E. C. Nugent, Bart.) 
 
 Portrait Group representing Sir John Hopkins, his Wife, Two Sons and Three 
 Daughters 
 
 (Coll, of Colonel Bradney, C.B.) 
 
 Group of Five Figures Entitled the Minuet. (These two pictures on one Plate) 
 
 (Coll, of Major Saville) 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 Portrait of Miss Stevens . 
 
 (Coll, of Lord Glenconner) 
 
 18 
 
 XXV 
 
XXVI 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 To face page 
 
 The Porter and the Hare ............ 20 
 
 {Coll, of Messrs. Ehvich Bros.) 
 
 Portrait Group of the Drummond Family ........ 20 
 
 {Coll, of Mr. George Drummond) 
 
 Portrait of Andrew Drummond, the Founder of Drummond’s Bank ... 20 
 
 {Coll, of Mr. George Drummond) 
 
 Group representing H.M. King George III with Queen Charlotte and the Royal' 
 Family 
 
 {Coll, of H.M. the King) 
 
 Derby Porcelain Groups copied from the above Painting. (These two pictures on one 
 {Coll, of Mr. A. Amor) Plate) 
 
 Scene from “ The Alchymist,” showing Garrick as Abel Drugger and Burton and 
 Palmer as Subtile and Fall. (From the Print) ....... 
 
 {Original in the Coll, of the Earl of Carlisle) 
 
 Portrait of Master James Sayer, the Son of Robert Sayer the Print-dealer . 
 
 {Coll, of Lady Sayer) 
 
 The Life School in the Royal Academy ......... 
 
 (Coll, of H.M. the King) 
 
 Key to the above Picture ........... 
 
 (By the courtesy of the Cocoa Tree Club.) ( Facing each other) 
 
 Another Key to the same Picture .......... 
 
 (From the original signed copy belonging to the Royal Academy of Arts.) (By kind 
 permission) 
 
 The Antique School of the Royal Academy ........ 
 
 (Coll, of the Royal Academy of Arts) 
 
 Portrait of Peter Dollond, the Optician, with his Assistant. Known as The Lapidaries 
 
 (Coll, of H.M. the King) 
 
 Group representing Queen Charlotte and her two Elder Children in Buckingham 
 House ............... 
 
 (Coll, of H.M. the King) 
 
 Group representing Queen Charlotte with her two Brothers, her Sister Christiana 
 and two of her own Children. (Gravure Plate) ...... 
 
 (Coll, of H.M. the King) 
 
 Portrait of John Montague, Earl of Sandwich ....... 
 
 Coll, of the Trinity House) 
 
 Two Portrait Groups representing Various Members of the Sayer Family 
 (Coll, of Lady Saver) 
 
 Group representing Richard Kempenfeldt, Sir Samuel Cornish and Mr. Thomas 
 Parry in the Cabin of H.M.S. "Norfolk” ........ 
 
 (Coll, of Sir Hubert Parry, Bart.) (By the courtesy of the Arundel Society) 
 
 Portrait of Admiral Lord George Anson ........ 
 
 (Coll, of Messrs. Leggatt) 
 
 Group of Persons supposed to represent Captain Cook and his Family. (Attributed 
 to Zoffany) .............. 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. Wm. Haffeiy) 
 
 Zoffany’s House at Chiswick. (Water-colour drawing by Rowlandson) 
 
 (By kind permission of Messrs. Knoedler & Co.) 
 
 Portrait of Maria Theresa Elizabeth, Eldest Daughter of Johann Zoffany, R.A., and 
 afterwards Wife of Sir John Doratt ........ 
 
 (Coll, of Mrs. Hesketh) 
 
 Portrait of George, Earl Cowper. (Gravure Plate) ....... 
 
 (Coll, of Messrs. Tooth <S- Co.) 
 
 Group representing H.R.H. the Duke of York and Six of his Companions . 
 
 (Coll, of Miss Boothby) 
 
 Group representing Lord and Lady Cowper and Lady Cowper’s Father, Mother 
 and Sisters. (Gravure Plate) .......... 
 
 (Coll, of Lady Desborough) 
 
 Group of Wandering Minstrels. (Painted for Duke Ferdinand de Bourbon) 
 
 (Coll, of the Parma Gallery) 
 
 Portrait of the Archduchess Maria Christina ........ 
 
 (Coll, of the Vienna Gallery) 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 28 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 38 
 
 38 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 44 
 
 46 
 
 50 
 
 52 
 
 52 
 
 54 
 
 56 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 XXVll 
 
 To face page 
 
 Grant of Arms made to Zoffany by the Empress Maria Theresa .... 56 
 
 Great Seal of the Empress from the Patent of Nobility given to Zoffany . . 56 
 
 Signature of the Empress Maria Theresa to the Patent of Nobility given to Zoffany 60 
 
 (Above three items from the Coll, of Mrs. Everard Hesketh) 
 
 The Tribuna, Florence. (Gravure Plate) ......... 62 
 
 (Coll, of H.M. the King) 
 
 Key to the Same ............. 62 
 
 (By permission of the Royal Academy of Arts.) (Facing each other) 
 
 The Graham Family Group ........... 64 
 
 (Coll, of Sir Reginald H. Graham, Bart.) 
 
 View of Strand-on-the-Green, showing the House in which Zoffany lived . . 68 
 
 Group representing the Sharp Family on their Yacht in the Thames. (Gravure Plate) 70 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. Granville Lloyd Baker) 
 
 John Wilkes and his Daughter. (Gravure Plate) ....... 72 
 
 (Coll, of Sir George S. Baker, Bart.) 
 
 Group representing John Wilkes and Serjeant Glynn ...... 74 
 
 (Coll, of Colonel Prideaux Brune) 
 
 Portrait of the Rt. Hon. Charles James Fox ........ 74 
 
 (Coll, of the Rev. R. Holden) 
 
 Group representing Charles Hope Vere and his two sisters. (Gravure Plate) . . 76 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. Harry Verney, C.B.) 
 
 Portrait of Mr. Maddison, Prime Warden of the Goldsmith’s Company. (Signed and 
 
 dated.) (Colour Plate) ............ 78 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. John Lane) 
 
 Portrait of Boswell ............. 78 
 
 (Coll, of Sir Cosmo A ntrobus, Bart.) 
 
 Portrait of Boswell ............. 78 
 
 (Coll, of Messrs. Craddock <&• Barnett) 
 
 Portrait of the Nawab Wazir of Oudh ......... 80 
 
 (Coll, of Lord Teignmoutk) 
 
 Colonel Mordaunt’s Cock-Match in 1786. (Gravure Plate). ..... 84 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. R. S. Strachey ) 
 
 Key to the Same ............. 84 
 
 (By the courtesy of Mr. Stephen Wheeler.) (Facing each other) 
 
 Colonel Mordaunt’s Cock-Match in 1786 ......... 88 
 
 (From the mezzotint by Earlom after the original in the possession of the Marquis of 
 Tweeddale) 
 
 Key to the Same ............. 88 
 
 (By kind permission of the Cocoa Tree Club.) (Facing each other) 
 
 Portrait of Mr. Marcus Saville Taylor ......... 92 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. Henry Sinclair) 
 
 Tiger Hunting in the East Indies .......... 94 
 
 (From the mezzotint by Earlom. The original picture or an oil-sketch for it belongs to 
 Mrs. Alexander Kennedy) 
 
 Key to the Picture ............. 94 
 
 (By the courtesy of the Cocoa Tree Club.) (Facing each other.) (Folding Plate) 
 
 The Embassy of Hyderbeck to Calcutta ......... 96 
 
 (From the mezzotint by Earlom) 
 
 Key to the Picture ............. 96 
 
 (By the courtesy of the Cocoa Tree Club.) (Facing each other.) (Folding Plate) 
 
 Portrait of Madhava Rao Sindhia .......... 96 
 
 (From a copy of the original which is now in a small pagoda near Poona) 
 
 Portrait Group representing Warren Hastings and his Wife and her Indian Maid 96 
 (Coll, of the Earl of Curzon, K.G.) 
 
 Group representing Sir Elijah Impey with Lady Impey, and their Children, and 
 
 Ayahs and Servants ............ 98 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. Edward Impey) 
 
 Painting of the Last Supper 
 
 (St. John's Church, Calcutta) 
 
 The Death of Captain Cook, February 14, 1779. (These two pictures on one Plate) 
 (Coll, of Greenwich Hospital) 
 
XXV111 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 To face page 
 
 Family Group, name unknown, perhaps depicting Mrs. Bruere and her Children . 106 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. William Asch) 
 
 Group representing Colonel Martin Colonel Polier, Mr. Wombwell and Zoffany. 
 
 (Gravure Plate) ............. 108 
 
 IColl. of Mr. W. C. Bridgeman, M.P.) 
 
 The Auriol Family Group ............ no 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. Daskwood ) 
 
 Group representing Three English Children, Painted in India . . . .no 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. A. P. Cunliffe) 
 
 Group representing Colonel Blair with his Wife, two Daughters and an Ayah 
 
 (Coll, of Captain A. Pepys) 
 
 Group representing Mr. and Mrs. Hussey and their Daughter. (These two pictures 
 (Coll, of Mr. Robert Marshall) on one Plate) 
 
 Group representing Claud and Boyd Alexander u t ith their Hindoo Servant 
 
 (Coll, of Sir Claud Alexander) 
 
 Portrait of Edward Pearce. (These two pictures on one Plate) 
 
 (Coll, of Sir Robert Edgcumbe) 
 
 Portrait of Nathaniel Middleton, Resident at Lucknow, under Warren Hastings, 
 
 with three Indian Officials in Attendance . . . . . . .no 
 
 j- no 
 
 1 no 
 
 Portrait Group of the Morse Family ......... 
 
 (Above two pictures from the Coll, of Mr. H. B. Middleton) 
 
 Portrait Group of Suetonius Grant Heatly with his Sister Temperance receiving 
 an Important Message from an Official. (Gravure Plate) ..... 
 
 (Coll, of Captain and Miss Blunt) 
 
 Portrait of Patrick Heatly watching the Ship which takes his Sister Temperance 
 from India to America ........... 
 
 (Coll, of Captain and Miss Blunt) 
 
 Group representing William Watts, Governor of Fort William, negotiating the 
 Treaty with Mir Jafir and his Son Miran ....... 
 
 Portrait of Governor Watts ........... 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Watts ............ 
 
 (Above three pictures from the Coll, of Mrs. Watts) 
 
 Portrait of Beneram Pundit the Vakeel or Minister of the Rajah of Berar . 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. F. Edwards, formerly in that of Miss Winter who had it from Warren 
 Hastings) 
 
 An Indian Scene ............. 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. E. S. Mostyn Pryce ) 
 
 Group representing Various Members of the Rice Family ..... 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. C. Nugent Humble) 
 
 Portrait of Zoffany by Himself .......... 
 
 (Coll, of Miss Ellen Beachcroft) 
 
 Painting of the Last Supper ........... 
 
 (In Brentford Church, Middlesex) 
 
 The Towneley Marbles ............ 
 
 (Coll, of Lord O'Hagan) 
 
 Group of Certain Connoisseurs ........... 
 
 (Coll, of Lord O'Hagan) 
 
 Thomas Knight as Roger in “ The Ghost ” ........ 
 
 (Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Portrait of Zoffany as a Young Man by Himself. (Perhaps Exhibited at the R.A. in 
 
 I 77 I ) 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. IF. J . Davies) 
 
 Portrait of Zoffany in Middle Life. (Colour Plate) ....... 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. John Lane) 
 
 Engraved Portrait of Zoffany after the original in Florence . . . . 
 
 Miniature representing Zoffany in Fancy Costume ....... 
 
 (Coll, of Miss S. J . Beachcroft) 
 
 Portrait of Zoffany by Himself, Painted in 1761. (Gravure Plate) 
 
 (National Portrait Gallery) 
 
 no 
 
 112 
 
 112 
 
 112 
 
 112 
 
 112 
 
 1 12 
 
 112 
 
 112 
 
 116 
 
 118 
 
 122 
 
 124 
 
 124 
 
 126 
 
 126 
 
 126 
 
 128 
 
 128 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 XXIX 
 
 To face page 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Zoffany ............ 130 
 
 Group representing Zoffany and His Children . . . . . . .132 
 
 {Both in the Coll, of Mrs. Everard Hesketh) 
 
 The Ferguson Group, giving a Portrait of Zoffany in 1781 ..... 132 
 
 {Coll, of Sir Ronald C. Munro-F erguson) 
 
 Drawing in Red and Black Pencil representing Lord Heathfield. (Signed) . .134 
 
 {Coll, of Mr. H. Burton Jones) 
 
 Sketch in Black Chalk representing a Father and Son examining a Drawing . 136 
 
 {Victoria and Albert Museum ) 
 
 Scene from " Macbeth ” — Garrick and Mrs. Pritchard . . . . . .138 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 A Similar Picture, the Version from which the Engraving was made . . . 140 
 
 {Coll, of H.H. The Maharajah Gaekwar of Baroda, G.C.S.I.) 
 
 David Garrick as Lord Chalkstone in “Lethe.” (Gravure Plate) .... 140 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Portrait of David Garrick ........... 140 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Group representing Mr. and Mrs. Garrick in their Garden at Chiswick . . . 140 
 
 {Coll, of the Earl of Durham) 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Garrick at Tea entertaining Dr. Johnson at their Villa at Chiswick 142 
 
 {Coll, of the Earl of Durham) 
 
 Scene from “ The Clandestine Marriage ” — King, Mrs. Baddeley and Baddeley . 142 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Portrait of Thomas King as Lord Ogleby . . . . . . . .144 
 
 {Coll, of the Hon. Evan E. Charteris) 
 
 Scene from “Speculation” — Munden, Quick and Lewis ...... 144 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Portrait of David Ross as Hamlet .......... 144 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Scene from “The Village Lawyer” — John Bannister and Parsons. . . . 144 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Garrick and Mrs. Cibber as Jaffier and Belvidera ....... 146 
 
 {Coll, of Mr. Somerset Maugham) 
 
 Group representing Two Persons believed to be Sheridan and Mrs. Robinson . 146 
 
 {Coll, of the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry) 
 
 Charles Macklin as Shylock ........... 146 
 
 {Coll, of the Marquis of Lansdowne) 
 
 Portrait of Charles Bannister ........... 148 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Portrait of William Parsons ........... 148 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Portrait of Thomas Weston as Billy Button ........ 148 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Portrait of Thomas King as Touchstone ......... 148 
 
 {Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Salusbury ........... 148 
 
 {Coll, of the Marquis of Lansdowne) 
 
 Portrait of Miss Farren, afterwards Countess of Derby . . . . .150 
 
 {Coll, of Sir D. A. Seton-Steuart, Bart.) 
 
 Group representing certain members of the Townshend Family. (Colour Plate) . 150 
 
 {Coll, of Lord Queenborough) 
 
 Group representing Captain Hervey taking leave of His Family .... 152 
 
 {Coll, of the Marquis of Bristol) 
 
 Group representing Charles Dibden with his Second Wife and Daughter . . 152 
 
 {Coll, of the family of the Late Sir Henry Bulwer) 
 
 Group representing the Three Children of the First Lord Sondes . . . .152 
 
 {Coll, of the Rev. Wentworth Watson) 
 
 Group representing John, Fourteenth Lord Willoughby, with his Wife and their 
 
 three Children . . . . . . . . . . . . .152 
 
 {Coll, of Lord Willoughby de Broke) 
 
XXX 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 To face page 
 
 Croup representing Mr. and Mrs. Palmer and their Daughter, known as the Drawing 
 
 Lesson ............... 154 
 
 [Coll, of the Hon. F. Wallop ) 
 
 Group representing two Men Playing Cards . . . . . . . .154 
 
 [Coll, of Laura, Lady Simeon ) 
 
 The Dutton Family Group ............ 154 
 
 [Coll, of Lord Sherborne ) 
 
 Group representing a Hunt Breakfast at Holme Park, Berks . . . . .156 
 
 [Coll, of Messrs. Ehrich Bros.) 
 
 Group of Sporting Gentlemen ........... 156 
 
 [Coll, of Mrs. Payne Whitney) 
 
 The Burke Group with a Portrait of Zoffany. (Colour Plate) . . . . .156 
 
 [Coll, of Mrs. Spencer Perceval) 
 
 Group representing Sir Lawrence Dundas and his Grandson, afterwards First Earl 
 
 of Zetland .............. 156 
 
 [Coll, of the Marquis of Zetland) 
 
 Master James Sayer at the age of 13. (Colour Plate) ...... 158 
 
 [Coll, of Lady Sayer) 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Oswald ............ 158 
 
 [Coll, of Mr. R. Oswald) 
 
 Group representing Mary and Agnes Berry as Young Girls ..... 158 
 
 [Coll, of Sir R. C. Munro-F erguson) 
 
 Group representing Sir James Cockburn and his Daughter ..... 158 
 
 [Coll, of Miss Alice de Rothschild) 
 
 A Family Group, names unknown, called the Minuet ...... 160 
 
 [Coll, of the Corporation of Glasgow) 
 
 Group representing the Third and Fifth Sons of John Cocks of Castleditch . . 160 
 
 Group representing the Seventh and Eighth Sons of the same .... 160 
 
 (Both in the Coll, of Mr. Joseph C. T. Heriz-Smitli) 
 
 Portrait of Dr. Hanson ............ 162 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. Fleischrnann) 
 
 Portrait of Dr. Richard Russell .......... 162 
 
 (Coll, of the Corporation of Brighton ) 
 
 Portrait of Mr. Phipps ............ 162 
 
 (Coll, of Sir Hugh McCalmont) 
 
 Portrait of Lady Caroline Hervey . . . . . . . . . .162 
 
 (Coll, of the Marquis of Bristol) 
 
 Portrait of Lepel, Lady Mulgrave .......... 162 
 
 (Coll, of the Marquis of Bristol) 
 
 Portrait of Lady Emily Hervey .......... 162 
 
 (Coll, of the Marquis of Bristol) 
 
 Portrait of Maria, Countess Waldegrave, afterwards Duchess of Gloucester . 164 
 
 (Coll, of Mrs. Morland Agnew) 
 
 Portrait of William Burton ........... 164 
 
 (Coll, of Messrs. Agnew ) 
 
 Portrait of Vincent Lunardi the Balloonist ........ 164 
 
 (Coll, of Messrs. Knoedler. Formerly in that of Lord Ribblesdale) 
 
 Portrait of Henry Duncombe ........... 164 
 
 (Coll, of the Earl of Crawford) 
 
 Portrait of Daniel de Castro ........... 164 
 
 Portrait of Sarah Judith de Castro ......... 164 
 
 (Both in the Coll, of Mr. Paul de Castro) 
 
 Portrait of Charles John Bentinck . . . . . . . . .164 
 
 (Coll, of the Duke of Portland, K.C.) 
 
 Portraits of a Brother and Sister named Harris ....... 164 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. T. Notion Longman) 
 
 Portrait of a Man in a Red Costume 
 (Coll, of the Hon. Evan Charteris) 
 Portrait of a Man, name unknown 
 (Coll, of Messrs. Ehrich Bros.) 
 
 164 
 
 166 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 XXXI 
 
 To face page 
 
 Portrait of Jane Austen as a Child . . . . . . . . .166 
 
 (Coll, of Admiral Sir E. Rice, K.C.B.) 
 
 Portrait of General Norman Macleod . . . . . . . . .166 
 
 (Coll, of Macleod of Macleod ) 
 
 Portrait of General Sir Wm. Boothby ......... 166 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. Seymour Boothby) 
 
 Thomas Gainsborough. (Gravure Plate) ......... 166 
 
 (The National Gallery) 
 
 Water-Colour Copy of a lost original representing the Rosoman Family . .174 
 
 (Coll, of Miss Austin) 
 
 Portrait of General Hon. Wm. Hervey ......... 182 
 
 (Coll, of the Marquis of Bristol) 
 
 Portrait of Lady Mary Fitzgerald . . . . . . . . . .184 
 
 (Coll, of the Marquis of Bristol) 
 
 Portrait of the Fourth Earl of Bristol . . . . . . . . .184 
 
 (Coll, of the Marquis of Bristol) 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Robinson (Mary Darby) “ Perdita ” as Rosalind in " As You Like 
 
 It.” (Gravure Plate) ............ 200 
 
 (Coll, of the Garrick Club) 
 
 The Duke of Clarence and the Duke of Kent as Children . . . . .210 
 
 (Coll, of H.M . the King) 
 
 Portrait of a Country Gentleman, name unknown . . . . . . .214 
 
 (Coll, of Lord Lee of Fareham) 
 
 Portraits of Admiral Cunningham and his Wife Anne, at Plymouth . . .218 
 
 (Coll, of Major Otway Mayne) 
 
 Portrait of Captain Money ........... 222 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. J . M. Newborg) 
 
 Portrait of George Colman the Younger ......... 224 
 
 (Coll, of Lord O'Hagan) 
 
 William Hunter Lecturing on Anatomy ......... 226 
 
 (Coll, of the College of Physicians) 
 
 Group representing Sir Matthew White Ridley and a Friend .... 228 
 
 (Coll, of Viscount Ridley) 
 
 Portrait of the Duke of Dorset and his Friend Mr. Petley j 
 
 (Coll, of Miss Alice de Rothschild) ; 
 
 Group representing Mr. John Yorkeand his Friend. (These two pictures on one Plate) j 2 3 ° 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. Thomas E. Yorke) J 
 
 Group representing Mr. Samuel Smith and his Son . . . . . . .236 
 
 (Coll, of Mr. J. L. Travers) 
 
 Portrait of William Lock. (Attributed to Zoffany) . . . . . . .236 
 
 Portrait of Thomas Gainsborough .......... 242 
 
 (Coll, of the Late Mr. Asher Wertheimer) 
 
 Group representing the Children of Sir William Young ...... 244 
 
 (Coll, of Sir W. L. Young, Bart.) 
 
 Group representing Sir William Young and one of his Sisters .... 246 
 
 (Coll, of Sir W. L. Young, Bart.) 
 
 Portrait of Queen Charlotte. Engraved Portrait after the Original with Varia- 
 tions ............... 260 
 
 (Coll, of H.M. the King) 
 

JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 B 
 

 
 
CHAPTER I 
 
 EARLY DAYS 
 
 For our information concerning Zoffany’s early years we have to 
 depend almost entirely upon tradition ; there seems to be no documentary 
 or other actual evidence in existence. 
 
 We are told that his father was a Bohemian Jew, a cabinet-maker and 
 decorator at Prague, and that he was employed upon some decoration or 
 internal fittings in the Hradshin of that famous Bohemian city, where his 
 skill attracted attention and he was advised to seek a wider scope for his 
 talent. 
 
 It is said that he then migrated to Ratisbon, where he studied archi- 
 tecture, and entered into the service of the Prince of Thurn and Taxis, 
 eventually becoming Court Architect, in which capacity he was entrusted 
 with some notable commissions. 
 
 It would appear, however, that his son John (or Johann) was born at 
 Frankfort-on-Main in 1735, and this information was discovered by Sir 
 Melvill Beachcroft (who is of the same family as the Robert Beachcroft 
 who married one of Zoffany’s daughters) in a Master’s Report in the 
 Public Record Office of a lawsuit between the painter and an Italian 
 named Tremando. The usual books of reference are therefore in error 
 when they give his birthplace as Ratisbon and the year as 1733. 
 
 We learn from family tradition that from a very early age young 
 Zoffany showed himself possessed of a talent for drawing. 
 
 At school he devoted himself to drawing portraits of his masters and 
 schoolfellows instead of giving attention to his lessons. Pronounced 
 incapable of further learning, he was placed by his ambitious father in 
 the studio of one Michael Speer, a painter of religious and historical 
 subjects, who in his turn had been educated in Italy by Solimena, called 
 1 ’ Abate Ciccio. 
 
 To this studio he appears to have been sent at first, in a very humble 
 capacity, and set to clean the brushes and palettes and to assist in the 
 more menial work of the place. Speedily, however, he proved, to his 
 slow and serious master, that he was not without some skill of his own, 
 and before he was twelve years old he was assisting in painting draperies 
 
 3 
 
4 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 and embellishments in the “ furniture ” pictures for which Speer was 
 then becoming well-known. 
 
 The scope for his activity was, however, too narrow, and when he 
 had spent rather more than a year with Speer the lad determined to widen 
 his experience. 
 
 Failing to obtain permission from his father, who had different inten- 
 tions for his son, he took the matter into his own hands, ran away from 
 home, having, it is said, “ borrowed ” a substantial sum in gold from his 
 father’s money-box, and fled to Vienna, thence making his way down 
 the Danube on a timber raft, and so journeyed into Italy, where, by slow 
 degrees, he made his way to Rome. 
 
 In Rome, it is said, he remained for some ten or twelve years, until 
 he heard of the death of his father, and during that time worked very 
 hard, copying in the galleries and supporting himself by the sale of 
 the copies he made and by the aid of the treasured gold coins he 
 had brought with him, which he spent with the most parsimonious 
 economy. 
 
 He is reported to have resided at the Convent of the Buon’ Fratelli, 
 having, by the kindly offices of one of the cardinals, obtained an intro- 
 duction to this monastic house. 
 
 When over twenty years old he found his way into Germany once 
 again, and took up his abode at Coblenz, where he married a girl w r ho 
 had a small fortune of her own and who was said to have been the niece 
 of one of the priests in the place. Here he remained for two or three 
 years, but his married life was not a happy one, and Mrs. Papendiek, 1 
 writing in 1833, from information derived from Zoffany’s second wife, 
 who was her particular friend, says that the artist treated his first wife 
 in very unkind fashion. 
 
 Finding that his circumstances did not improve and that his wife’s 
 small fortune was rapidly dwindling, Zoffany determined once more to 
 set out on his travels, and this time to come to England, where he believed 
 fame was awaiting him. 
 
 The Literary Gazette of July 8, 1826, in an allusion to him, says that 
 when “ Zoffany first arrived in the British metropolis, he brought with 
 him some trifle short of a hundred pounds,” mainly, it would appear, his 
 wife’s money. “ With this,” said he, relating his adventures, many 
 years after, to an old friend, “ I commenced ‘ Maccaroni,’ bought a suit 
 a la mode , a gold watch, and a gold-headed cane.” 
 
 His efforts to make a living in this country {circa 1761) as a painter of 
 small portraits met with no success, and the difficulties between his 
 wife and himself increased to such a point that she finally left him, taking 
 1 Court and Private Life in the Time of Queen Charlotte, I. 82. 
 
Coll, of My. John Lane 
 
 DRAWING OF ZOFFANY BY HIMSELF 
 Signed and dated 1761 
 

Coll, of Mrs. Alfred Aslett F. T. Beeson photo 
 
 PORTRAIT OF STEPHEN FRANCIS RIMBAULT, MUSICIAN 
 

 
 
 
 
EARLY DAYS 
 
 5 
 
 with her what money she still possessed, and returned to her old home 
 in Germany, where soon afterwards she died. 
 
 Meantime Zoffany, now left wholly without means, got into deeper 
 difficulties than ever, and was, it is said, near to starvation in his one 
 room in Short’s Gardens, Drury Lane, when a painting of a village scene, 
 girls dancing upon the green, was brought to the attention of Stephen 
 Rimbault, the celebrated clockmaker, great-uncle of Edward Rimbault, 
 the musical author and antiquary, who was carrying on a flourishing 
 business in Great St. Andrews Street, Seven Dials. 
 
 The clever satirist John Williams who wrote under the nom de plume 
 of Anthony Pasquin 1 gives us another address where Zoffany was to 
 be found. He says — 
 
 “ He lodged in the attic tenement of a Mr. Lyons, a kind Hebrew, 
 who resided in Shire Lane near Temple Bar; his fortunes were 
 then so low that his cates were more scarce than rare. The harp of 
 his fathers was hung on a willow in the desert, and there was no 
 musick in his soul : his thought introduced misery, and misery 
 desperation. At this eventful epoch the heavy clouds which darkened 
 his existence began to pass away : he saw the promised Canaan in 
 a vision, and his nerves were restrung by fortitude. By the bene- 
 ficent offices of his Levitical inmate he was introduced to Mr. B. 
 Wilson, a portrait painter in oils, who instantly engaged Mr. Zoffanii 
 to paint his draperies.” 
 
 J. T. Smith, in his Nollekens and His Times 2 — receiving the story, 
 he says, through Nollekens from Philip Audinet (a pupil of John Hall, 
 the engraver), whose father served his time with Rimbault — tells us of 
 the event preceding the engagement with Wilson, — Zoffany’s engage- 
 ment to work for Rimbault. He says that the famous clockmaker’s 
 chief trade at that time was with Holland, where he supplied what were 
 known as Twelve-Tuned Dutchmen, “ clocks which played twelve tunes 
 with moving figures variously occupied, having scenery painted behind 
 them.” Smith goes on to state that “ the pricking of the barrels was 
 complicated, and was executed by a man named Bellodi, an Italian, who 
 lived in Short’s Gardens, Drury Lane, and whose son was a maker of 
 barrel-organs.” He one day “ solicited Rimbault in favour of a poor 
 man, an artist, living in his house,” who was almost starving in a garret. 
 Rimbault said, “ Let him come to me,” and he went and received imme- 
 diate employment in painting the fronts of musical clocks. Later on, 
 
 1 Authentic History of the . . . Royal Academicians, by Anthony Pasquin. 
 
 2 Nollekens and His Times, by J. T. Smith. 1828. Lane’s 1914 edit., pp. 67, 68. 
 
6 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Zoffany (for he, it was) suggested that he should paint the portrait of his 
 patron, which he did in admirable fashion, and in Smith’s time this 
 very portrait was preserved over the chimney-piece of his nephew’s 
 front parlour, 9, Denmark Street, Soho. This Mr. [Stephen Francis] 
 Rimbault was then “ organist of St. Giles’s-in-the-Fields, and one of the 
 most extensive collectors of Rowlandson’s drawings.” 
 
 It has been stated that the moving figures in Rimbault ’s clocks did 
 not meet with Zoffany’s approval, for the mechanism in use was not 
 capable of giving the figures a graceful motion, and only swung them to 
 and fro, and therefore that class of work, which had actually effected 
 the introduction of the two men, was speedily dropped, and Zoffany 
 confined his attention to painting the dials with village and rustic scenes, 
 and with figures of gallants and ladies in the approved Watteau-like 
 fashion. 
 
 We have been able to discover three clocks, the dials of which are 
 stated to have been painted by Zoffany. In one of them, that belonging 
 to Mr. Greene, the mechanism is by Rimbault; therefore the tradition 
 may be assumed to be satisfactory. On another, belonging to Mrs. 
 Hope, the movement is by Fladgate, but the decoration so closely resembles 
 that of Zoffany, that it is probable the movement has been placed in the 
 old case and the decoration left as it was. The third, which we have not 
 indeed seen, is a clock of unusual and complex character, but there is a 
 definite tradition connecting the decoration with the work of Zoffany, 
 and on that basis we illustrate it in these pages. 
 
 In 1764 it was that Zoffany painted the excellent portrait of Stephen 
 Rimbault holding a piece of music in his hands, to which Smith alludes, 
 and that also, we are glad to be able to illustrate in this volume. 
 
 One of the Zoffany clocks is stated to have passed into the possession 
 of Benjamin Wilson, then living at 56 Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, 1 
 in the house in which Philip Audinet afterwards lived. Wilson had always 
 been interested in science and mechanism, and published many papers 
 relative to electricity, receiving the gold medal of the Royal Society for 
 his experiment. 
 
 He, it is said, required a good clock, in what he termed his laboratory, 
 and was at first attracted by the elaborate mechanism of the movement 
 in the clock he purchased, and then by the accuracy of its timekeeping 
 qualities. Wilson, moreover, had studied under Thomas Hudson and 
 practised as a portrait painter in Dublin, and then in London, and on 
 examining with some care the dial of his clock, discovered that the figures 
 upon it were painted with unusual skill, and made some inquiries con- 
 cerning the artist. 
 
 1 Or, as one writer states, at Great Queen Street, Lincoln’s Inn Fields. 
 
Coll, of Mr. T. IV. Greene 
 
 BRACKET CLOCK WITH MOVING FIGURES PAINTED BY ZOFFANY 
 
 Dixon photo 
 

 
 
 
Coll, of Mrs. Hope 
 
 BRACKET CLOCK BY FLADGATE, WITH FIGURES ABOVE THE DIAL, PAINTED BY ZOFFANY 
 
Coll, of Messrs. Harris & Sinclair 
 
 BRACKET CLOCK WITH DECORATION UPON IT ATTRIBUTED, BY LONG TRADITION, TO ZOFFANY 
 

 
 
Coll . of the Garrick Club 13 
 
 WILLIAM POWELL AND FAMILY 
 By Benjamin Wilson 
 

 
Coll, of the Garrick Ctub. 391 
 
 THOMAS KING (1730-1805), COMEDIAN 
 
 THE ORIGINAL SIR PETER TEAZLE 
 
 By Benjamin Wilson 
 

 
 
EARLY DAYS 
 
 7 
 
 The result of these inquiries was that Zoffany, while not wholly relin- 
 quishing his work in Rimbault’s factory, entered the studio of Benjamin 
 Wilson at a salary of £40 a year to paint draperies and backgrounds for 
 his eccentric master, 
 
 Wilson was not a great artist, but a man of strictly limited powers, 
 and his portraits were frigid representations of their subjects, hard, often 
 ungainly and wanting in atmosphere and relation. In representing drapery 
 he was especially weak, and there he felt the younger man would be of 
 service to him; but he seems to have at first pledged him to secrecy, 
 forbidding his telling any one that he worked in Wilson’s studio and 
 determining to take to his own credit all the advantages he gained from 
 Zoffany’s greater skill. 
 
 Two of his paintings find a place in these pages by kind permission 
 of the committee of the Garrick Club, to whom they belong. One is a 
 stiff formal figure of King, who was the original Sir Peter Teazle, and it 
 will be noticed that the draperies might, from their appearance, be 
 fashioned out of tin. 
 
 The other is a group depicting Powell and his family, formal and 
 hard in its arrangement, and bespeaking little grace of composition save 
 in the figure of the young girl. Here again the draperies are wholly 
 lacking in softness or grace. They hang in stiff form, without any care 
 or charm, and in some instances actually refuse to hang at all, but jut out 
 in awkward fashion. 
 
 Wilson was also well-known as an avaricious person, and this we learn 
 from his autobiography which, contrary to his express wishes, was pub- 
 lished by Herbert Randolph in the work he wrote on Sir Robert Wilson, 
 the painter’s son. In it Wilson is reported to have said of his wife that 
 all he could say in her praise was that “ from the time he first knew her 
 he had saved more money than at any other during his life.” 
 
 He treated Zoffany, as might therefore be expected, harshly; his hours 
 were long, his food scanty, his pay often delayed and subject to many 
 irritating conditions, so that in process of time Zoffany began to rebel 
 against a position from which he was gaining no credit and in which he 
 was the subject of vast discomfort. 
 
 In what way the change came about is not very clear. According to 
 family stories Zoffany was a great lover of the theatre, and, meeting in 
 Wilson’s studio many theatrical notorieties, received from them little 
 attentions in the way of tickets and passes, and so was able to gratify his 
 love of the stage. On one of these visits it is said that he recognised in 
 Mrs. Garrick an actress whom he had greatly admired in past days, 
 perhaps in Vienna or in Italy, and that he made himself known to her 
 and she presented him to her husband. 
 
8 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Bearing out this statement, we find a reference by Smith, in his Book 
 for a Rainy Day f to a picture he saw in Garrick’s home when he visited 
 it just after the death of the actor. “ In the dining-room,” says Smith, 
 “ on one side of the chimney-piece, hangs a half-length picture of Mrs. 
 Garrick, holding a mask in her right hand. This was painted by Zoffany 
 before her marriage, who was one of her admirers.” 
 
 Another story goes that Wilson, having painted a group of Garrick 
 and Miss Bellamy as Romeo and Juliet, the actor was of opinion when 
 the picture came home that it was too good to be the work of Wilson, or 
 at least to be his alone ; and that he did not rest till he found out who had 
 assisted the painter, and especially who was responsible for the costume 
 and draperies which were painted in a manner very different from that 
 usually adopted by Wilson. 
 
 This story, however, gives credit to Garrick for a quicker artistic 
 perception than one would have expected to find in the popular actor, 
 and to a determination in searching out a matter which could not have 
 concerned him very deeply. 
 
 It has also been stated that the Deus ex machina was Miss Bellamy, 
 who greatly admired the manner in which her gown was represented, 
 and cross-questioned Zoffany in the studio; and yet another story goes, 
 that there was a certain spite against the parsimonious Wilson, and a 
 disbelief in his artistic powers, about which he was so often talking, and 
 that Garrick, scenting out a mystery in the studio, and feeling convinced 
 that Wilson was engaged in some underhanded sharp practice, determined 
 to know what it was and to expose it. 
 
 Such an explanation does not oblige us to concede unusual skill in 
 artistic perception to David Garrick, and seems to be a more likely version 
 of the story. 
 
 Still another version we find in Anthony Pasquin, who says it was 
 Zoffany’s “ good hap to be discovered ” in Wilson’s studio “ by Mr. 
 Garrick, who proposed to sit to him for a dramatic portrait which he 
 finished so well, as to lay the foundation of an enviable fame,” and “ he 
 now journied through life on a path of roses while the Literary Gazette 
 of 1836, to which we have already alluded, tells the same story in a some- 
 what different way, saying that Zoffany, tiring “ of the monotony of his 
 employment,” determined “ to try his fortune by trading on the capital 
 of his talent on his o\vn account.” “ He accordingly,” says this writer, 
 “ took furnished apartments at the upper part of Tottenham Court Road, 
 near where was so long exposed the sculptured figure of the piper, and 
 commenced his practice as a limner, by painting the portraits of his land- 
 lord and landlady which, as a standing advertisement, were placed on 
 
 1 Methuen’s 1895 edit., p. 285. 
 
( oil. of the laic Mr. Asher Wertheimer 
 
 PORTRAIT <>l MRS. GARRICK IN III K YOUTH 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EARLY DAYS 
 
 9 
 
 each side the gate that opened into the area before the house. Garrick, 
 by chance, passing that way, saw these specimens, admired them, and 
 inquired for the painter. The interview ended in his employing the 
 artist to paint himself in small, and hence were produced those admired 
 subjects in which our Roscius made so conspicuous a figure.” 
 
 In the Earwig , which is a descriptive pamphlet of the Royal Academy 
 of 1781, and is said to have been written by Mauritius Lowe, is a curious 
 introduction into which the author has dragged, for no apparent reason, 
 some notes about Zoffany’s drunkenness and destitution when he was 
 working for Benjamin Wilson. 1 
 
 They allude to the fact, if fact it is, that Zoffany entered into a 
 contract to paint drapery for Wilson for three years, and was to be paid 
 £250 for the first year, £350 for the second, and £500 for the third; 
 but after receiving an advance of £50, and instructions to paint some 
 blue silk drapery, which he did not specially admire, he disappeared and 
 Wilson was unable to find him. Many weeks afterwards, the Earwig 
 says, he was discovered in an ale-house in St. Anne’s, Soho, without shoes, 
 engaged in making sketches of the frequenters of the ale-house, in return 
 for the drinks supplied to him. He was rescued and set to other work, 
 but Wilson strove to bring him back to the original contract, and there 
 was some considerable difficulty before an arrangement was made by 
 which the contract should be broken and Zoffany allowed to work for 
 himself. The book in question is dedicated to Reynolds, and it also 
 refers to Zoffany’s picture of 1781 — the Sharp family in the barge 
 — which it declares in tout ensemble is abominable, but as regards its 
 separate figures, many of them were good. It says that the scaly 
 monster behind the barge resembles Apollo on Parnassus. 
 
 The whole article is written in a spirit of rather bitter satire, and the 
 statements it contains do not seem likely to be true. 2 Smith is far more 
 reasonable in the amount of salary he mentions (£40), and Wilson’s par- 
 simony would surely have never permitted him to pay such fees as the 
 Earwig mentions. 
 
 It is, however, quite possible Wilson soon discovered that in Zoffany 
 he had found a treasure, and endeavoured to bind him to work in the 
 studio for a period of years with an increasing pay for each year, but the 
 Earwig article seems written with the express purpose of doing Zoffany 
 some discredit. We need not, therefore, attach much importance to the 
 Earwig statements, as they are wholly unsupported by any other allusions 
 or documents. That some disagreement between Wilson and Zoffany 
 took place is quite certain, but of what nature it was we do not know. 
 
 1 See B. M. 11630. e. 10 (1), 1781. 
 
 2 We are indebted to Mr. W. T. Whitley for drawing our attention to this article. 
 
10 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 However it came about, this also is certain, that Zoffany left both 
 the workshop of Rimbault and the studio of Wilson, and, encouraged by 
 Garrick and by numerous other actors to whom Garrick introduced him, 
 determined to devote his attention to portrait painting and ^specially to 
 the representation of theatrical scenes, for which his neat and careful 
 work and his excellent manner of representing costume, made him specially 
 suitable. Thenceforward we know him exclusively as a painter of 
 portraits and groups. 
 
 He entered himself as a pupil at the St. Martin’s Lane Academy 
 and joined the newly-founded Society of Artists, exhibiting in its 
 gallery in 1762 the first of his theatrical groups, and at once scoring 
 a success by it. This first picture (138), which represented Garrick in 
 the character of the Farmer returned from London, received the special 
 distinction of being praised by Horace Walpole and in no measured 
 terms. 
 
 “ Good,” said Walpole, “ like the actors,” “ and the whole better,” he 
 adds, with a burst of extraordinary enthusiasm, “ than Hogarth’s.” 
 
 We can form our own opinion of the value of this criticism, for the 
 picture is still in existence. It belongs to the Earl of Durham and came 
 directly into the collection at Lambton Castle from Garrick’s sale. Wal- 
 pole’s praise is well justified, although we hesitate to go as far as he did in 
 its praise, but the composition is excellent, the colour scheme admirable, 
 the technique neat and adequate, and the manner of painting so good that 
 the picture has stood exceedingly well and is still a pleasing work in 
 every way. 
 
 The companion work, equally good, and representing Garrick and 
 Mrs. Cibber as Jaffier and Belvidera (137), is in the same collection. It 
 appeared at the Exhibition of the Society of Artists in the following year 
 (1763), and both paintings passed direct to Garrick and remained in his 
 possession all his life. 
 
 Zoffany, it is clear, had found himself, and the result of long years of 
 difficulty and privation was seen in a fully-equipped genius well-fitted 
 for the work to be accomplished. 
 
 When first he came to England our artist appears to have been known 
 as Zauffely, and this was probably his original Czech name. By 1762 
 the word had become to a certain extent anglicised and more easy of 
 pronunciation. It is spelled in the early catalogues as Zaffanii or Zaffanij, 1 
 and then a little later in catalogues of 1768 — 1770 as Zoffanij, the “ a ” 
 having become an “ o ” with a corresponding greater ease in pronuncia- 
 tion and perhaps greater euphony, but by the time the artist became a 
 
 1 The “ ij ” suffix to the name, would, according to Slavonic rules, denote the 
 possessive case, and the name would mean “ of Zoffa,” if there be such a place. 
 
Coll, of the Earl of Durham 
 
 GARRICK AND MRS. CIBBER IN “ THE FARMER’S RETURN” 
 
 From Garrick's Sale 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 **• 
 
 
 
EARLY DAYS 
 
 ii 
 
 Royal Academician the foreign affix of “ ij ” had given place to the 
 English “ y ” and Zoffany he became from that time and was so styled 
 both in English documents and in those issued on the Continent. His 
 Christian name, however, he does not seem to have wholly anglicised, 
 and he signed himself Johan, or Johann, using the former for his signature 
 to his will. 
 
 We have just alluded to Zoffany’s two Garrick pictures of 1762 and 
 1763, but in addition to these he exhibited a family group and three 
 portraits. 
 
 The portraits were anonymous, as was the custom of the day, and 
 we have not been able to identify them, but, thanks to Walpole’s notes 
 on his catalogue, we know that the group (140, 1763) represented 
 “ Mr. Palmer the actor, looking at his wife and a little boy in her 
 lap.” 
 
 Walpole goes no further ; he does not comment on the excellence of 
 the work, and we have not been able to trace the picture despite this 
 description of it. 
 
 Zoffany’s success in these two years was such that he was enabled to 
 change his lodgings and take rooms in the most aristocratic district which 
 artists affected at the time, that of the neighbourhood of Covent Garden. 
 Here in the Great Piazza he settled down, and we are told that he had 
 fine “ light rooms,” “ with great windows ” and “ plenty of honest 
 furniture ” in them. 
 
 Here it was that he first began to be well-known, especially in theatrical 
 circles, and amongst other acquaintances who knew him in these rooms 
 was John Hamilton Mortimer, R.A. 
 
 Henry Angelo, 1 in his Reminiscences thus describes the scenes which 
 took place between the two artists, and indirectly acquaints us with the 
 fact that Zoffany had a strong foreign accent in speaking. 
 
 Angelo writes thus — 
 
 “ The late John Hamilton Mortimer, an artist whose great and 
 promising talent, but for his own thoughtlessness, would have raised 
 him to the highest rank amongst painters, ancient or modern, resided 
 for some years over the shop of the well-known Jemmy Moran, 
 the bookseller. Here he was visited by Garrick, Sterne, Churchill, 
 Goldsmith, Quin, Caleb Whiteford, Albany Wallace, Malone, 
 Stevens, all the tiptop dramatic writers, players, sculptors and 
 
 1 Henry Angelo (1760 — 1839?) was the eldest son of Domenico Angelo Malevolti 
 Tremamondo, the fencing-master (1716 — 1802), who in England assumed the simpler 
 name of Angelo, and dropped his original patronymic of Tremamondo, which, however, 
 his younger brother continued in formal documents to use. 
 
12 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 painters. His studio was indeed the morning lounge of many 
 distinguished noblemen, and almost all the professional men of 
 talent of his day. 1 
 
 “ Mortimer’s portrait, whole-length, is introduced in the picture 
 of the Royal Academicians, painted by Zoffany, which picture he 
 began at his apartments at the Great Piazza, Zoffany residing here 
 also, in the year 1764. 
 
 “ Mortimer and he were very intimate, until one day, whilst sitting 
 for his portrait, Zoffany began to play off his wit against the authority 
 of Scripture, and turn the Old Testament into burlesque. Mor- 
 timer, though a bofi-vivant, and a choice wit, having too much sense 
 of propriety to endure this, called him an ass, which, abstracted of 
 his professional talent, was not far from the truth. Zoffany, highly 
 offended at this, for he was as vain as he was weak, bade Mortimer 
 quit his room, which he did, but not without first giving him such a 
 lecture as he might have well remembered, had he not been too much 
 addicted to this weakness, which lasted him even to old age. But 
 what gave the greater offence, it seems, was a repartee which closed 
 the dispute — and then the door, which Mortimer shut with a loud 
 bang. ‘ Why, Sir Godfrey Kneller thought upon the subject as I 
 think,’ said Zoffany. ‘ Perhaps so,’ replied the other, ‘ and when 
 you can paint half as well as he, then you may prate. To be a bad 
 painter, and a fool to boot, is rather too much to bear, Master 
 Zoffany.’ 
 
 “ Mortimer was a man of fine personal appearance, of great gaiety 
 of manners, and a most delightful companion. He had, moreover, 
 an excellent heart. 
 
 “ He, and a knot of worthies, principally ‘ Sons of St Luke,’ or 
 the children of Thespis, and mostly votaries of Bacchus, met at the 
 Turk’s Head, in Gerrard Street. Here, one evening, he happened 
 to be sitting in the common coffee-room, wherein were a mixed 
 company, taking their punch and smoking, the prevailing custom of 
 the time. Theophilus Forrest, an honest lawyer and amateur 
 artist, well-known to all the coterie at the Turk’s Head, both above 
 and below stairs, happened to drop in ; the landlord, Swindon, a 
 worthy German, handed him a petition, from the widow of a journey- 
 man coach-painter, who had lately died suddenly in Long Acre, 
 and had left her and several children totally destitute. Forrest took 
 the petition into the public parlour, entered his subscription, five 
 shillings, and pinned it over the chimney-piece, that it might be 
 seen by the guests, saying, ‘ I shall open a book here,’ placing his 
 1 Reminiscences of Henry Angelo, I. 106. 
 

 Coll, of Dr G. C. Williamson 
 
 DAVID GARRICK (1717-1779) 
 
 From Ganich Sale , June, 1823 
 
 PENCIL AND WASH DRAWING ON PAPER 
 

 
 
 
 
EARLY DAYS 
 
 i3 
 
 pocket-book upon the table, ‘ and be widow’s clerk till twelve, when, 
 gentlemen, by your leave, we will close the account.’ 
 
 “ Several of the company entered their names for crowns, half- 
 crowns, and shillings. Mortimer was seated under a brass sconce, 
 reading the St. James's Chronicle , when, calling for pen and ink, he 
 began to sketch groups of monsters, heads, caricatures, figures and 
 grotesques, upon the margin. It is well-known that he drew not 
 only with greater rapidity, but with greater spirit and grace than 
 any one, not excepting, perhaps, even Guercino himself. Hence, 
 an hour at least before the time appointed, he had entirely filled the 
 whole of the blank four pages. 
 
 “ * What are you about, Mortimer ? ’ inquired one. ‘ What an 
 industrious fit, Hamilton ! ’ exclaimed another, but he persisted 
 nevertheless, nor would he allow any one to look at his performances 
 until his task was done ; when getting upon the table, and spreading 
 his work to view, he began, in imitation of Cock, the celebrated 
 auctioneer : ‘ This lot, gentlemen, this matchless lot, this unique 
 effort of art, the property of a great amateur — of wine and venison — 
 and a renowned connoisseur in tobacco and punch, is offered to the 
 notice of the cognos. It is to be disposed of without reserve. Come, 
 gentlemen, shall I say ten pounds — five — one pound, gentlemen, — 
 yea, even five shillings — anything for a beginning ? ’ 
 
 “ ‘ I offare von guinea, mine friend Mortimare,’ said Zoffany, who 
 happened to be in the next box. ‘ Thank you, sir,’ returned Mor- 
 timer, with a forgiving smile. ‘ Charity covereth a multitude of 
 sins.’ ‘ Guinea and a half,’ said another. ‘ Two guineas,’ said 
 Zoffany. ‘ Give me your hand,’ cried Mortimer. ‘ Ton mine 
 soul, ’tis peaudiful,’ added Zoffany. ‘ Two and a half,’ said Caleb 
 Whiteford : and so the worthies, with that generous competition 
 which is so catching in glorious old England, when the object is 
 charity, pushed it on, until the lot was knocked down for five guineas, 
 to some good soul, whose name I regret to say I cannot record.” 
 
 Another friend whose acquaintance Zoffany made at this time was 
 Richard Wilson, and the three men became very intimate, were in and 
 out of each other’s studios and at times even worked upon the same 
 picture. Ozias Humphry, and Romney, it will be remembered, are said 
 to have both of them worked on the famous picture of the Ladies 
 Waldegrave. 
 
 Wilson painted Mortimer’s portrait, and it is to be seen in the Diploma 
 Gallery of the Royal Academy, and he put in, it is said, the landscape 
 backgrounds for at least three of Zoffany’s groups. Zoffany, on his 
 
H 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 part, painted — so it is stated — the figures in the foregrounds of several 
 of Wilson’s groups, while Mortimer did others, notably those for Wilson’s 
 “ Niobe ” now in the National Gallery. 
 
 It is furthermore a tradition in the family that in two instances all 
 three artists collaborated, Wilson doing the background of landscape, 
 Mortimer the figures in the nude and Zoffany the costumes or draperies 
 that covered them. 
 
 Certainly several of Zoffany’s groups have landscape backgrounds 
 that recall the work of Wilson, and Wilson’s landscapes have figures that 
 closely resemble those of Zoffany, so we may well suppose that the 
 tradition is founded upon fact. 
 
 Zoffany is also declared to have assisted Wilson’s pupil, William 
 Hodges, in his productions, and in several instances to have painted the 
 figures for him, and this may account for the fact that certain pictures, 
 indubitably by Hodges, have at times passed as works of Zoffany. One 
 landscape by Hodges exhibited at the Pantheon ( circa 1770) was expressly 
 stated at the time to have the figures in it painted by Zoffany. 
 
 For nearly two years Zoffany lived in the Great Piazza, 1 and while 
 there produced one of his ablest theatrical pictures, the portrait of Foote 
 in the character of Major Sturgeon in The Mayor of Garratt (140). This 
 is now the property of the Earl of Carlisle. Walpole thought exceedingly 
 well of it. He drew attention to the fact that Baddeley also comes into 
 it, that it did not represent Foote alone, and that this fact should have 
 been mentioned in the catalogue; and then he proceeds to call it “ A 
 very fine likeness, a picture of great humour.” 
 
 Angelo, also, alludes to it in the following interesting passage from 
 his Reminiscences — 
 
 2 “ Captain William Baillie, who knew all the distinguished artists, 
 for more than half a century, as I have heard him say, used to pass 
 his mornings for a considerable time in going from one apartment to 
 another over the Piazza, to the respective artists who resided there. 
 It appears from the memoranda before me, that in the year 1764 no 
 less than ten painters occupied houses or apartments on this side of 
 Co vent Garden. 
 
 “ It was here that Zoffany painted Foote in the character of Major 
 Sturgeon in the Mayor of Garrat : and Moody in the character of 
 Foigard. He also took his first studies from Garrick, for the drunken 
 scene in the Provoked Wife here : and my father accompanied him 
 thither from his house in Southampton Street, adjacent, and Fosbrook 
 
 1 Where, in later years, Robins, the celebrated auctioneer, dwelt. 
 
 2 Reminiscences of Henry Angelo, I. 112. 
 
Coll, of the Duke of Atholl 
 
 FAMILY GROUP REPRESENTING JOHN, THIRD DUKE, WITH HIS WIFE AND SEVEN ELDER CHILDREN ON THE 
 
 BANKS OF THE TAY AT DUNKELD 
 Painted for Blair Castle in 1767 
 
 Coll, of the l),,ke of Atholl 
 
 'llll ORIGINAL KIT LIFT FROM ZOFFANY I'OR II 1 E PICTURE HE PAINTED FOR HIE DUKE OF" \TIIOLL 
 

 
EARLY DAYS 
 
 i5 
 
 brought the dress from the theatre, for Garrick to put on, to be 
 painted in. This picture was not finished, however, until Zoffany 
 had removed to Lincoln’s Inn Fields.” 
 
 It would be interesting to identify the persons depicted in another 
 important group for which Zoffany was responsible at this time. Walpole 
 evidently did not know them, as he merely describes the work thus : 
 “ A boy flying a kite, the father sitting, and a younger boy standing by 
 him and looking at the other.” Zoffany called it only “ A Family,” and 
 sent it to the Society of Artists in 1764, and at their Exhibition it was 
 hung and will be found in the catalogue under item 141. It now belongs 
 to the Hon. Mrs. Goldman, who lives in Zoffany’s own neighbourhood, 
 Chiswick, and it came to her by bequest from a Mr. Friedlander. 
 
 It is an exceedingly good picture, as delightful as any group Zoffany 
 ever painted, but it is annoying that we are not able to find out who are 
 the persons there represented. 
 
 Unfortunately we have not been able to illustrate this fine work in 
 these pages. 
 
 His other pictures belonging to this period were a portrait of the 
 actor Moody, in the character of Foigard, which at one time belonged 
 to Lord Charlemont, and then to Sir Henry Irving, who regarded it as 
 a very precious work ; three anonymous portraits 1 and a picture described 
 in the catalogue as that of “ A Lady playing on the Glasses.” 
 
 In 1765 the artist moved into Lincoln’s Inn Fields, as the quotation 
 from Angelo’s Reminiscences has already informed us. 
 
 His residence was in what was then known as Portugal Row, and later 
 on as Portugal Street — so-called from the presence in it of the home of 
 the Portuguese Ambassador — and Zoffany, who, like Nollekens, was (at 
 least in his early life) a devout Catholic, is said to have moved there in 
 order to save shoe-leather in attending the Sardinian Chapel, his usual 
 place of worship, as it was far nearer to his new residence than when 
 he was in Co vent Garden. 
 
 Here he remained for nearly five years, busily engaged the whole 
 time, and produced some admirable pictures. 
 
 Upon one of the most important of them he was engaged for a con- 
 siderable period. It was a group representing John, third Duke of 
 Atholl, with his wife and seven elder children, and hangs now at Blair 
 Atholl, a large painting (63 x 36) having been executed specially to fit 
 over the mantelpiece of the room. 
 
 1 Perhaps one of them represented Lord Charlemont, for on October 29, 1764, he 
 drew a bill on Arnold Nesbitt & Co., in the favour of Zoffany for £20 for work “ done 
 for him.” 
 
i6 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Zoffany began it in July 1765, as the original entries from the Duke’s 
 account-book, still in existence, set forth. They read thus — 
 
 1765. June. Mr. Zophany in part payment for a family 
 
 picture ...... £100 
 
 1767. Feb. To Mr. Zoffany, Painter, for a family pic- 
 ture of nine figures at 20 guineys each, 
 but £100 being paid formerly, I only 
 pay him now £89 .... 89 
 
 £189 
 
 and Zoffany’s receipt — which, by the late Duke of Atholl’s permission, 
 we reproduce in these pages — runs thus — 
 
 London. 16th Jan, 1767. 
 
 Received from the Duke of Atholl 1 Eighty-Nine Pounds which 
 with One Hundred Pounds formerly Receivd Makes in All One 
 Hundred and Eighty Guineys being in full for, a Family Picture of 
 nine Figures at twenty Guineys Each. 
 
 Sgd. Johan Zoffany. 
 
 The picture was not exhibited till 1769, and then at the rooms of the 
 Society of Artists, and it will be found in the catalogue under 215. 
 
 It possesses a special feature of interest, for, referring to our 
 previous allusion to joint work on the part of various artists, we believe 
 the background for this painting, which certainly represents the Tay 
 and the Hill of Craigvenian, with the Atholl cairn on it, to be the work 
 of Charles Stewart (brother to Anthony Stewart (1773-1846) the miniature 
 painter), who was on Tayside and painted for the Duke various land- 
 scapes which now form five panels in the dining-room, and are signed and 
 dated 1766, 1767, 1768, 1777 and 1778. It would appear as though the 
 canvas, having been prepared for the exact place in the room, Stewart 
 first painted upon it the landscape, the view of the River Tay at Dunkeld; 
 and then the canvas was brought up to town by coach so that Zoffany 
 could carry out his work from sittings when the family were in town. 
 
 It does not seem at all likely that Zoffany painted the picture in Scot- 
 land. It probably was worked upon from time to time, as various mem- 
 bers of the family came to London, for the Duke of Atholl was at that 
 time doing up and refurnishing Blair Atholl and brought nearly everything 
 
 1 The same Duke paid Zoffany £ 8 , in 1772, for a picture of the Royal family, but 
 this we have been unable to trace. It does not appear to be at Blair Atholl. 
 
SCENE FROM “ LOVE IN A VILLAGE ” 
 
 REPRESENTING EDWARD SHUTER, JOHN BEARD AND DUNSTALL. 
 
 From the engraving. The original painting belongs to the Earl of Yarborough 
 

 
 
EARLY DAYS 
 
 i7 
 
 for that purpose from London, as so much of the furniture and pictures 
 from the Castle had been looted or sold during the ’45. 
 
 This procedure of slow completion was not an unusual circumstance 
 with Zoffany, because many of his groups represented entire families, 
 and it was seldom possible for them all to sit together, or, indeed, for 
 more than one at a time to be in the studio. Such groups, in conse- 
 quence, were not executed in a hurry. In one notable case, as we shall 
 see in the next chapter, these delays were responsible for a serious state 
 of affairs. 
 
 In what way Zoffany first attracted the attention of George III is not 
 known. It is said to have been due to the intervention of Lord Barring- 
 ton, or to Lord Bute. Zoffany is known to have painted the portrait of 
 the former nobleman (the second Lord), and the family tradition is that 
 Lord Barrington brought Lord Bute, whose children Zoffany painted, 
 and Lord Bute then interested the King in the painter. 
 
 Certainly during Zoffany’s residence in Portugal Row he received his 
 first Royal commission, which was, as we shall see, to be followed by 
 others. 
 
 The work was executed in 1765, and represented “ Their Royal 
 Highnesses, the Prince of Wales and Prince Frederick as cupids,” and it 
 was exhibited at the Free Society’s Exhibition in 1766, Zoffany’s only 
 exhibit in the gallery of that Society. 
 
 It does not appear to be now in the Royal collection, and we have at 
 present been unable to find it. 
 
 The catalogue states that it was painted “ on copper.” 
 
 Of the other pictures which belong to this period six were theatrical 
 groups. “ Mr. Garrick, as Lord Chalkstone ” (198), now to be seen in the 
 Garrick Club; “ The Miser, in the same Entertainment ” (199), a picture 
 we have not been successful in finding. “ A scene in Love in a Village ” 
 (194), which now belongs to Mr. Acton Garle, and was bought by his 
 grandfather ( circa 1830) for a thousand pounds, and another scene from 
 the same play (138), which is, we believe, the one now in the possession 
 of the Earl of Yarborough. 
 
 In these groups we have representations of that clever comedian, 
 Edward Shuter (1728-1776), who often acted under Garrick and distin- 
 guished himself in minor comic parts. 
 
 Of him Angelo has a good deal to say in his Reminiscences , and he 
 refers to this actual picture also. 
 
 “ ‘ Shuter,’ says he, ‘ was so genuine a humourist, that he was 
 noticed by many persons of the highest rank. Some of these were 
 permitted behind the scenes at the theatre, by a special privilege of 
 c 
 
i8 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 the management ; though, until a certain period of the last century, 
 this was pretty general; so much so, indeed, that these amateur 
 visitors were occasionally sufficiently numerous to impede the actors 
 in their lawful occupation. 
 
 “ ‘Two illustrious personages, members of the Royal family, one 
 evening, being behind the scenes at Covent Garden Theatre, dis- 
 posed for a little humour, went to have a chat with Shuter in his 
 dressing-room. He, having an arduous part to perform, was anxious 
 to be left alone, for in their gay mood they were following him about. 
 He had to dress for two characters; so having a ready wit, and 
 knowing their princely condescension, he said to one, “ By Jupiter, 
 the prompter has got my book, I must fetch it; will you be so 
 obliging as to hold my skull-cap to the fire, your Royal Highness ? ” 
 And to the other prince, “ Perhaps you will condescend to air my 
 breeches ? ” Yielding to his humour, they good-naturedly did as 
 they were required. Away he flew, shut the door, and, relating in 
 the green-room what he had done, several of the performers and 
 others following upstairs they peeped through the keyhole, and to 
 their astonishment beheld the Royal brothers thus employed. 
 
 “ ‘ I have heard Zoffany say that this lively actor, however, was a 
 very dull fellow off the stage, unless half tipsy, but in that state he 
 was the most amusing of all the dramatic fraternity. Zoffany’s por- 
 trait of him in the character of “ Justice Woodcock ” was pronounced 
 an incomparable likeness; indeed my own recollection of him is 
 sufficiently strong to vouch for this; for, having repeatedly seen 
 him in that character, in the favourite piece of Love in a Village , 
 though I was then but a boy, a recent view of the print brought this 
 old favourite, to my imagination, at once to life again.’ ” 
 
 Mr. Garrick’s drunken scene in the Provoked Wife (167) is another of 
 Zoffany’s theatrical groups painted at this time. It passed to George 
 Garrick, and still belongs to one of his descendants ; and the last of the 
 six is a scene in The Devil Upon Two Sticks (214), now in the gallery of 
 the Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 Of these, four were engraved, a compliment proving how popular 
 Zoffany’s theatrical pictures had already become. 
 
 All of them were seen at the Exhibition of the Society of Artists, and 
 they will be found recorded in our List of Exhibited Works in the 
 Appendix. 
 
 Walpole praised two of them, and in the scene from The Devil Upon 
 Two Sticks noted from memory the words of the conversation in which 
 the actors are engaged, upon the margin of his catalogue. 
 
Coll, of Sir E. C. Nugent , Bart. 
 
 GROUP OF PERSONS IN A ROOM FROM WHICH CAN BE SEEN THE HORSE GUARDS PARADE 
 
 1 hey include Robert, Viscount Clare, his son and daughter, afterwards Mr rchioness of Buckingham and Ccuntess Nugent ; and Miss Mary Nugent 
 
 usually known in the family as Aunt Peggy 
 

Coll, of Col. Bradney, C.B. 
 
 PORTRAIT GROUP REPRESENTING SIR JOHN HOPKINS, GREAT-GRANDFATHER OF 
 THE OWNER, HIS WIFE, TWO SONS AND THREE DAUGHTERS 
 
 Coll of Major Savill 
 
 GROUP OF FIVE FIGURES I N I I I l.l I> “THE: MINUF'I 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coll . of I Mr (l Glcnconncr 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MISS STFVENS 
 

 
 
EARLY DAYS 
 
 i9 
 
 In addition to all these there were exhibited some six portraits, which, 
 being anonymous, it is not possible to identify. One of them, repre- 
 senting a child with a dog, has also, says Walpole, “ a cradle,” but whether 
 the child is in it or not he does not state. 
 
 Finally, in addition to the Atholl group already mentioned, Zoffany 
 exhibited at the Society of Artists three other groups of figures. 
 
 Of one we have no information whatever. It is simply called “ A 
 Family,” and appears as item 195 in the Exhibition of 1767. 
 
 Another, however, in the 1765 Exhibition (168) Walpole enables us 
 to identify. He notes against it the significant words “ Dr. Nugent’s,” 
 and we find the original picture still at West Harting Hall in the possession 
 of Dr. Nugent’s descendant, Sir E. C. Nugent. It was painted in London, 
 perhaps in the family town-house and from the room in which the scene 
 is set the Horse Guards Parade may be viewed. 
 
 Lord Clare (afterwards Earl Nugent) is the principal figure, and with 
 him are his son and daughter with his half-sister, usually known in the 
 family as Aunt Peggy. It is a brilliant conception well carried out in 
 the neat, careful, painstaking manner so characteristic of Zoffany’s 
 work. 
 
 The third group was probably that now belonging to Colonel Bradney, 
 and represents Sir John Hopkins with his wife, two sons and three 
 daughters. Here, again, the room in which the group is represented is 
 a typical London drawing-room of the period, well-lit from a large 
 window, having the tea equipage in full view and a harpsichord near at 
 hand. On it one of the ladies is performing, while another assists her 
 in turning over the music. 
 
 It would be interesting to know whose were the portraits that Zoffany 
 painted in Portugal Row, but about them, alas ! we can only surmise. 
 
 Perchance one was a clever portrait of Miss Fenton (now belonging 
 to Sir Wilmot Fawkes) and which seems to belong to this period, and 
 very probably others were those of Charles Banister, Miss Stevens, 
 Thomas Doggett and Thomas Jackson, but this is all mere surmise, as we 
 have no certain evidence that will enable us to identify any of the anony- 
 mous portraits he painted while residing in Lincoln’s Inn Fields. 
 
 One other painting does, however, deserve attention, that entitled 
 “ The Porter and the Hare.” 
 
 It is said that Zoffany from his window witnessed the scene, and at 
 once committed it to canvas. A porter is carrying a hare as a gift to some 
 person and is uncertain of the position of the house. A boy is reading 
 the direction on the label, another near by is looking up and is busily 
 eating bread-and-butter. It is just an episode but of a pleasing nature, 
 and it met with Walpole’s approval when he saw it in the Exhibition of 
 
20 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 1769 (213), and noted down his comments upon it on his catalogue. With 
 the general public also, it gained instant approval, and the excellent 
 mezzotint which Earlom made of it and published in 1774 sold exceedingly 
 well. 
 
 It even seems possible that Zoffany painted a replica of the picture 
 for some client, for there are two versions of it, both of which appear to 
 be the work of the artist himself. The better of the two seems to be the 
 one in New York, which originally belonged to the Ehrich Gallery and 
 which, for a wonder, has a signature upon it, 1 but there is another version 
 in the possession of Colonel Baskerville which exactly resembles the 
 mezzotint, and has also good claims to be considered the original work 
 from which it was taken. 
 
 Possibly the very reason why there is a name on the New York version, 
 to wit “ Mr. Zoffany pictor,” an unusual form for a signature to take, is 
 the fact that there are two versions and that one owner got Zoffany to 
 put his name to his or himself added the signature. It certainly appears 
 to be contemporary with the picture and a genuine part of it. 
 
 The important group from Swaylands representing the Drummond 
 family must have been painted somewhere about this time, as Andrew 
 Drummond, the old man in the picture, died in 1769, at the age of eighty- 
 one, and he was clearly a very old man when he sat for this portrait. It 
 is a very happy composition, one of Zoffany’s best out-of-doors conver- 
 sation pieces, and as it gives the portraits of three generations of the 
 Drummonds, is of peculiar interest. It was painted at Stanmore, and in 
 the extreme distance in the centre of the picture the town of Harrow-on- 
 the-Hill is lightly indicated. The picture is fully described in the 
 Appendix. To the same period belongs the large oval portrait of Mr. 
 Drummond, now in the same house. In Mr. Drummond’s hand can 
 be seen a gold-topped crutch-handle walking-stick, used by its owner in 
 his famous walk from Glasgow to London when he came up to found the 
 agency which grew with great rapidity into the famous Bank which now 
 belongs to his descendant. 
 
 This actual walking-stick, carefully preserved as a valued treasure, 
 can be seen in a glass-case in the Bank parlour. 
 
 The similar portrait at Cadland and the one representing the group 
 of Mendicants also belonging to Mr. Maldwin Drummond, and another 
 
 1 Zoffany seldom signed his pictures. We have only seen one work, the portrait of 
 Maddison, belonging to Mr. John Lane in which we are convinced the signature and date 
 are genuine. In two other cases we are sure that the signature has been painted on 
 at a later date, and on several works reputed to be signed we have failed to discover 
 the signature at all. Of several of his works, however, there exist undeniable proofs 
 of authenticity, such as entries in diaries, allusions in letters, or even receipted bills. 
 
Coll, of Messrs. Ehrich Brothers Ehrich Gallery photo 
 
 THE PORTER AND THE HARE 
 This picture is the subject of an engraving 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PORTRAIT GROUP OF THE DRUMMOND FAMILY 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
EARLY DAYS 
 
 21 
 
 group of mendicants somewhat similar belonging to Mrs. Jervis were 
 all probably painted in the very same year. 
 
 Another notable person whose portrait, however, we have not yet 
 succeeded in tracing, was painted by Zoffany at this period. This was 
 Francis Grose the antiquary (1731-1791), a man of unusual corpulence 
 whose portrait was known as that of “ Zoffany’s fat man.” 
 
 Angelo relates the story of the sketch from which the portrait grew, 
 and it is so well told and of such an amusing character, that it is well 
 worth repetition in extenso. It is not certain whether the sketch to which 
 Angelo alludes did not grow up into a double portrait; in fact, there is 
 a family tradition that it did, and that both the two men, with whom 
 Zoffany was very intimate, figure in one of his groups side by side. It 
 would, in the circumstances, be of interest if this picture could be 
 found. 
 
 Angelo’s story is given in these words — 
 
 “ The bare mention of Captain Grose brings many an instance 
 of his facetice to mind. I never remember a more amusing day than 
 that which, of all others, happened to be one of those entitled a 
 Fast , or annual day of humiliation by Act of Parliament, for the 
 manifold sins of the people, pending the years of war : a custom, by 
 the way, which, during the days of peace (a period for general thanks- 
 giving) is left alone, which neglect, perhaps, gave occasion to the 
 old distich — 
 
 “ * In time of war, and not before, 
 
 God and the soldier we adore ; 
 
 When peace is come, and war is not, 
 
 Soldiers may starve — God is forgot.’ 
 
 “ However this may be, the elder Angelo at Acton, being a cele- 
 brated Cake-house for all his numerous and very multifarious friends 
 and acquaintances, on this particular Fast - day walked hither two 
 worthies, who, for bulk, might have been weighed against any two 
 aldermen in our renowned old metropolitan city. These were 
 Captain Grose and Alexander Gresse : the first the celebrated anti- 
 quary, the latter an artist of celebrity in his day, teacher of drawing 
 to her late Majesty and the Princesses, and a great favourite of his 
 late Majesty King George the Third. 1 
 
 “ It is a curious fact, that these two corpulent gentlemen were 
 great walkers, and, although they did not get over the ground very 
 
 1 On account of his corpulency John A. Gresse was known amongst his comrades as 
 “ Jack Grease.” 
 
22 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 rapidly, yet, by ‘ taking time by the forelock,’ that is, by rising early, 
 they contrived to be in time to many a good dinner, within a circuit 
 of eight or even ten miles of town. 
 
 “ Sebastian Bach, and his friend Abel, who had been invited, 
 were already there, when my father, looking out from the window, 
 beheld these ponderous pedestrians approaching the house. Bach 
 and Abel, being called to the window, on viewing them, laughed so 
 lustily, that my father, catching their fit of risibility, could not go 
 down to receive them, as he was accustomed to do; for Bach ex- 
 claimed, patting Abel’s corporation, which was very protuberant, 
 
 ‘ Mine Gote, mine teer friend Angelo, vot, is two more such pellies 
 as this gome down to keep the fast ? Diable ! If we feast to-day, 
 we must fast to-morrow, and so tromper the act of barliament.’ . . . 
 
 “ Gresse and Grose at length arrived : and after each taking a 
 glass of liqueur before dinner was announced, we walked into the 
 grounds, where Calze, an Italian painter, who had practised here, 
 had painted a large piece on a blank wall, at least eighteen feet high, 
 being the gable of our coach-house, the subject of a Roman structure 
 with an arch, through which he has represented a wide gravelled 
 path, between a long vista of trees. This having become dingy, 
 Zoffany was restoring it, and having seen our two fat friends through 
 the hedge, as they turned the road to my father’s front gate, he filled 
 his painting brushes, and from this slight glance rubbed their por- 
 traits in with vast rapidity, and with marvellous resemblance. My 
 father and others, who accompanied them down the avenue that 
 faced this artificial ruin, were actuallv startled, thinking these figures 
 the wraiths of Gresse and Grose. On nearing them, however, they 
 appeared mere daubs. This frolic of Zoffany’s caused the fat, 
 facetious Grose, great merriment, at the expense of Gresse, who 
 could not, or would not, see the joke. Though a good-natured and 
 friendly-hearted man, Gresse was very irritable, and could not 
 patiently endure the least observations upon the stupendosity of 
 his figure. This, indeed, is verified in a story of his late Majesty, 
 and the too-sensitive painter, which happened whilst my father 
 was in attendance upon the Royal family. 
 
 “ Gresse, on his first introduction as a teacher at the Royal palaces, 
 had been told by Muller, page to the then young Prince Edward, that 
 the etiquette was, if by accident he met the King or any member of 
 the Royal family within the palace, to stand respectfully still — let 
 them pass, and take no notice, unless those great personages con- 
 descended to notice him. 
 
 “ It happened that during his many professional visits at Bucking- 
 
EARLY DAYS 
 
 23 
 
 ham House, at Kew, and at Windsor, during the first two years’ 
 attendance, he had never by any chance met the King. 
 
 “ One day, however, whilst waiting to attend the Queen, and 
 amusing himself in looking at the painted ceiling in the great audience 
 chamber, a door suddenly opened, and by a side glance he perceived 
 himself in the Royal presence. It was no less a personage than His 
 Majesty, King George the Third, who entered alone. 
 
 “ Struck, no doubt, with the extraordinary bulk and general 
 contour of the figure of the artist, for he stood with his hands behind 
 him, grasping his cocked hat, and his legs straddled wide, with his 
 head thrown back, the King advanced to the middle of the room, and 
 eyed him with apparent surprise. Gresse, remembering the point 
 of etiquette, dropped his head to its natural position and stood 
 stock-still. 
 
 “ After his Majesty had taken this survey, he walked round, whilst 
 Gresse, wishing a trap-door to open under his feet, remained, nothing 
 short of a waxed figure, beneath a tropical sun. At length the King, 
 unconscious, we may reasonably suppose, of the misery of the sen- 
 sitive artist, walked to some distance, and, turning round, took a 
 view of him right in front. Gresse, determined to show the King 
 that he really was not a statue, regardless of further etiquette, made 
 to the sovereign a most profound bow, which the King, understanding, 
 as it is supposed, he immediately retired. 
 
 “ To Calze, and his painting of the Roman ruin also, a tale is 
 attached, which may not be entirely unworthy of relating. . , . He was 
 capricious and litigious, though, by fits, as generous as the most liberal 
 of his compeers. Like most Italians, however, being no economist, 
 he got into pecuniary difficulties, and to get out of them again would 
 sometimes fix the consequences upon an employer, or even a friend. 
 
 “ Zoffany, who ever had his wits about him, had known Signor 
 Calze well, and advised my father, before he left England, to beware 
 of his tricks : saying, ‘ Mine friend Angelo, I would advise you to 
 obtain in writing, that this fine temple, at the bottom of the garden — 
 this ruin — is not to be rebuilt up at your expense; for ’ (putting his 
 finger on his nose) ‘ if the Signor should happen to want some monies, 
 though this is painted con amove , it may chance to end al contrario : 
 Gourde lo chi e— take care he not send a you se long bill.’ 
 
 “ My father smiled at the precaution, and was incredulous, saying — • 
 
 ‘ No — no — my dear Mister Zoffany — he can never treat me so.’ 
 
 “ My mother, however, who had more penetration, by a little 
 playful management, procured a written testimony from him, of the 
 work being done as a tribute in kind.” 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 ZOFFANY AS A ROYAL ACADEMICIAN 
 
 We have already alluded to the fact that Zoffany’s skill in portraiture 
 was brought under the notice of the King, who honoured the artist with 
 his approval, and, when the Royal Academy was founded, nominated 
 him as one of its original members. 
 
 Not only did His Majesty do this, but his interest in the painter went 
 further, for he sat himself for a portrait, commissioned one of the Royal 
 family, another of the Queen and yet other works to which we refer 
 presently. 
 
 George III also purchased from time to time several examples of 
 Zoffany’s work, showing altogether an unusual interest in the artist. 
 
 The first picture of the Royal family exhibited by Zoffany at the 
 Royal Academy (21 1), is that of the King, the Queen and six of their 
 children. It still hangs at Windsor Castle. 
 
 Walpole commented upon it in sneering fashion. “ In Vandyke 
 dresses,” says he, “ ridiculous — a print of it,” 1 and to the one of the 
 King exhibited in the following year (230) he is no more complimentary. 
 “ Very like,” says he, “ but most disagreeable and unmeaning figure.” 
 
 In fact Walpole, while commenting on most of the pictures sent in 
 by Zoffany to the Exhibitions of the Royal Academy and supplying us 
 with many of the missing names, does not seem to have held a very 
 favourable opinion of the artist, as a portrait painter , reserving his praise, 
 and that is generally full and definite, for the theatrical compositions in 
 which he considered Zoffany excelled. 
 
 We must not, however, dismiss the Royal group in Walpole’s airy 
 fashion, as the painting, although weak in composition and wholly un- 
 satisfactory in its grouping, has a special interest of its own. It was 
 engraved in mezzotint by Earlom, and then from the figure of the King 
 and from those of the Queen and the children there were modelled Derby- 
 Chelsea groups in porcelain biscuit. These are now rare. Of the one 
 of the King there appears to have been two models, differing slightly 
 
 1 The Windsor Castle one was engraved by Earlom. 
 
 24 
 
GEORGE III AND QUEEN CHARLOTTE 
 
 DERBY PORCELAIN STATUETTES COPIED FROM THE PAINTING BY ZOFFANY IN THE COLLECTION 
 OF HIS MAJESTY THE KING 
 
 By permission from Blacker’s “ Old English China ’ 
 
 Coll, nj II.M . The Kiuf* Lord ClKWibftlflin's Di'ptirlmrnt phoio 
 
 HIS MAJESTY KING GEORGE III, WITH QUEEN CHAKI-O'J'I E AND III I ROYAL EAM11.Y 
 Exhibited at Royal Academy in 1770 and engraved 
 

 
 
 
ZOFFANY AS A ROYAL ACADEMICIAN 25 
 
 one from the other. George III is represented standing by a pedestal, 
 upon which he rests his left arm, his right hand resting on his hip. The 
 head is turned towards the right. On the pedestal, in one of the models, 
 is the crown with the sceptre on a cushion. In the other model there 
 is a different crown with the orb, and there are other minor distinctions 
 between the two. One example is in the British Museum, and is illus- 
 trated in R. L. Hobson’s Catalogue of the Old English Porcelain (Plate XX). 
 The British Museum example, according to Mr. Hobson’s catalogue, is 
 mentioned in a catalogue of the principal additions made to the stock 
 of the Bedford Street warehouse in 1773 or 1774, thus : “ Their present 
 Majesties, the King and Queen and Royal family, in three grouped pieces 
 in biscuit, the centrepiece represents the King in a Vandyck dress ” 
 (see p. 61). 
 
 In the example in the British Museum the figure is set upon a pillar 
 and base, “ glazed and coloured lapis lazuli blue, veined in gold.” The 
 mark is a combined anchor and D in gold. 
 
 Lord Lincolnshire has in his possession the two groups belonging to 
 the set of which the British Museum possesses the figure of George III. 1 
 It is believed that this particular figure was sold away from the other 
 to the Museum, by one of his ancestors. The two groups 2 which he still 
 possesses are, first, one of Queen Charlotte with the two young Princesses, 
 and second, one of the four younger Princes, one of whom is playing with 
 a dog, another should be holding a cockatoo, and the two elder stand at 
 the back. Both these groups are extremely fine in their execution, and 
 the treatment of the lace collars and draperies is of unusual delicacy. 
 The cockatoo which Prince William should be holding in his hand is, 
 however, missing in Lord Lincolnshire’s group. Mr. Amor, of King 
 Street, St. James’s, also possesses two of the groups, the one representing 
 Queen Charlotte and the Princesses, and the figure of George III. From 
 these two our illustration is taken. The third group, of the four children, 
 is of extreme rarity. We have only been able to hear of Lord Lincoln- 
 shire’s example, but we have been told that there is in a private collection 
 yet another, and that in it the cockatoo, which is missing from Lord 
 Lincolnshire’s group, can be seen. 
 
 It will be noticed on comparing our illustration with the one taken 
 by the King’s permission from the original painting, that the workers in 
 porcelain have not followed the painting in all its details, but while aiming 
 at a general resemblance have varied the composition, probably for 
 technical reasons, at their own will. Thus the vase at the back of the 
 group of the Queen does not appear in Zoffany’s picture, nor does the 
 
 1 An example of the figure of the King was sold at Christies, in 1875, for £47. 
 
 2 Lord Lincolnshire’s groups were exhibited at the Bethnal Green Museum in 1875. 
 
26 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 ornamental pedestal on which the King rests his arm. Again, the crown, 
 orb and cushion are quite differently placed in the painting, and the 
 draperies, especially those of Princess Charlotte, fall in different fashion. 
 On the whole, however, the arrangement made by Zoffany has been 
 followed, and the existence of the groups is proof of the admiration with 
 which the original painting was greeted by the general public. 1 
 
 Zoffany did, however, create a sensation at the first Exhibition of the 
 Academy by his picture of “ Abel Drugger ” (212). 
 
 He called it “ The last scene of the 2nd Act in the Alchymist,” and 
 Walpole’s long and interesting note upon it reads thus — 
 
 “ This most excellent picture of Burton, J. Palmer and Garrick f as 
 Abel Drugger is one of the best pictures ever done by this Genius. 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds gave him £100 for it. Ld. Carlisle offered the 
 latter 20 guineas more for it. Sir Joshua said he should have it for 
 the £100 if his Lordship would give the ^20 to Zoffani which he did.” 
 
 The story, so alluded to by Walpole, and which does great honour to 
 Reynolds, is told also by Mary Moser, 2 and again in somewhat different 
 fashion by an anonymous contemporary writer who gives, moreover, a 
 larger sum (50 guineas) as the premium paid. 
 
 This is borne out by the tradition at Castle Howard which is to the 
 effect that one hundred and fifty guineas was paid for the painting. 
 
 The other narrative reads thus 3 — 
 
 “ The late Earl of Carlisle, at this period, conversing with Sir 
 Joshua, again expressed a wish that he had been the possessor of this 
 said picture of Garrick in the character of ‘ Abel Drugger.’ He had 
 often endeavoured to persuade his friend, Sir Joshua, to part with 
 it. ‘ Well, my Lord,’ said he, ‘ what premium will you pay upon my 
 purchase ? ’ ‘ Any sum you will name,’ replied the Earl. ‘ Then 
 
 1 See Haslam’s work on the Old Derby Porcelain Factory, 1876, p. 248 ; and Blacker’ s 
 work on Old English China. 
 
 2 Mary Moser, R.A., so Smith tells us, wrote to Fuseli concerning the Royal Academy 
 Exhibitions, and thus refers to the picture : “ I suppose there has been a million of 
 letters sent to Italy with an account of our Exhibition, so it will be only telling you 
 what you know already to say that Reynolds was like himself in pictures which you 
 have seen ; Gainsborough beyond himself in a portrait of a gentleman in a Vandyke 
 habit, and Zoffany superior to everybody in a portrait of Garrick in the character 
 of Abel Drugger with two other figures, Subtile and Fall. Sir Joshua agreed to give an 
 hundred guineas for the picture; Lord Carlisle half-an-hour after offered Reynolds 
 twenty to part with it, which the Knight generously refused; resigned his intended 
 purchase to the Lord and the emolument to his brother artist. (He is a gentleman !) ” 
 
 3 Literary Gazette, July 8, 1826. 
 
A SCENE FROM “THE ALCHYMIST ” 
 
 GARRICK AS ABEL DRUGGER, BURTON AND PALMER AS SUBTILE AND FACE. (Ad 2 , SCCHS 6) 
 
 From the engraving. The original painting belongs to the Earl of Carlisle 
 

 
 
 
Coll, oj Lady Saycr Campbell Cray photo 
 
 PORTRAIT OF JAMFS SAYER, AGED 13, THE SON OF ROBERT SAYER, THE PRINT DEALER 
 Engraved in mezzotint by R. Houston and published by Robert Saycr the boy’s father in 1772 
 

 
 
 
ZOFFANY AS A ROYAL ACADEMICIAN 27 
 
 it is yours, my Lord, if you will pay me one hundred guineas and add 
 fifty as a gratuity to Mr. Zoffany.’ His lordship consented, and so, 
 to the credit as well as satisfaction of all parties, it was settled. The 
 picture is now in the gallery at his lordship’s late seat at Castle 
 Howard. 
 
 “ Sir Joshua 1 not infrequently added to the means of contemporary 
 artists of merit, by this delicate method of transferring what he 
 himself had purchased in the first instance as a compliment to the 
 talent which he thus brought into notice. Indeed, it could not fail 
 to serve a rising artist to receive so marked a compliment as to have 
 one of his works placed in the private collection of the most illustrious 
 living painter in the world; one, too, whose opinion almost gave 
 universal law to the taste of his age.” 
 
 The painting is certainly one of the best that Zoffany ever produced 
 and has always been a popular one. It has often been exhibited, was 
 twice at the British Institution (1814 and 1840), twice at Whitechapel 
 (1906 and 1910), once at the Grafton Gallery (1897), and once at the 
 New Gallery (1891). Its dimensions are 41 2 ; 39, and in it Burton 
 and Palmer are playing the parts of Subtile and Fall. 
 
 Lord Carlisle greatly admired Zoffany’s work and was the purchaser 
 of two more of his pictures, one representing Foote as Major Sturgeon 
 in the Mayor of Garrett , and the other depicting Foote and Weston in The 
 Devil Upon Two Sticks (Act II, Scene ii.). 
 
 Both of these also have frequently been exhibited, and the latter, as 
 well as the Abel Drugger group, were engraved. 
 
 The only other picture Zoffany sent in that first year of the Academy 
 was a small whole-length portrait of a young gentleman. 
 
 It is suggested that either this picture, or one exhibited in the following 
 year under an almost identical description, is the portrait of James Sayer 
 at the age of thirteen, represented fishing, which now belongs to Lady 
 Sayer, inasmuch as the portrait in question was engraved by Houston 
 in mezzotint and published by Robert Sayer, the boy’s father, in 1772. 
 It was probably, therefore, exhibited in 1770 or in 1771. 
 
 One of the two portraits is almost certainly that representing Ralph 
 Izard, as a boy, seated under a tree, holding an open book and with a dog 
 at his feet, because that work is dated 1771, and, moreover, is stated to 
 have Zoffany’s signature upon it, both very rare occurrences in works 
 by this painter (see p. 20). 
 
 1 Sir Joshua commissioned Mr. Garrard, then a young and promising artist, to 
 paint a picture of a brewery, in compliment to the great talent exhibited by him in a 
 similar painting of the brewery of Messrs. Calvert. 
 
28 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Izard eventually became a notable man in the United States, and 
 was one of the delegation from South Carolina to the first Congress. 
 
 The portrait still belongs to his descendants and is now in the posses- 
 sion of Mr. Louis Maingault of Charleston, South Carolina, the great 
 grandson of the boy represented in the painting. 
 
 Two of the pictures exhibited in 1771 it is possible still to trace. 
 
 One is that of the King, to which we have already alluded, Walpole’s 
 “ disagreeable and unmeaning figure,” and represents George III in scarlet 
 uniform with a white waistcoat and wearing the ribbon and star of the 
 Garter. 
 
 The other, called “ A Beggar’s Family ” (232), belongs to Mr. Maldwin 
 Drummond, and is a spirited representation of a group of mendicants set 
 in a landscape. 
 
 Then, in 1772, we come upon one of Zoffany’s most notable works, 
 and again he was honoured by a lengthy comment from Walpole. 
 
 The picture (290) was styled “ The Portraits of the Academicians of 
 the Royal Academy,” and it was a high compliment to Zoffany that he 
 should have been selected to paint this, the first group in which the 
 members of the newly-founded society were represented. It was at 
 once bought by George III, and is now in the Royal collection at 
 Buckingham Palace. 
 
 Walpole said of it — 
 
 “ This excellent picture was done by candle light; he made no 
 design for it, but clapped in the artists as they came to him, and yet 
 all the attitudes are easy and natural, most of the likenesses strong. 
 There is a print from it.” 
 
 Anthony Pasquin (John Williams) in his Authentic History , is not 
 so complimentary, but his efforts to be sardonic in his criticism 1 are not 
 quite so successful when he refers to this picture as when, later on, he 
 alluded to other works by Zoffany. Of this he says — 
 
 “ His combined portraits of the Royal Academicians is a picture 
 so similar to all his best efforts, that it may be offered as an instance 
 of his manner and ability. The characters are well preserved, 
 but the outline is too coarse, and the colouring wants harmony ; I 
 shall consolidate any farther critique in this declaration, that I believe 
 he cannot paint with common estimation, in the absence of a model.” 
 
 On the other hand, the Literary Gazette of July 8, 1826, commenting 
 on the picture when it was exhibited at the British Institution, gives us 
 
 1 Authentic History of . . . the Royal Academicians, by Anthony Pasquin. 
 

Cell, of His Majesty the King 
 
 THE LIFE SCHOOL IN THE ROYAL ACADEMY 
 
 Lord Chamberlain's Department photo 
 
.r 
 
 FINISHED AND ENGRAVED KEY TO THE PAINTING OF THE LIFE SCHOOL IN THE ROYAL ACADEMY 
 

 
 
 
ZOFFANY AS A ROYAL ACADEMICIAN 29 
 
 several pieces of interesting information concerning the work and some 
 good-natured criticism. It thus speaks of the painting, and we give the 
 extract in extenso with its own footnotes— 
 
 “ It was well observed by Jeremiah Meyers 1 that ‘ some men 
 become ancients even in their own age.’ Meyers said many good 
 things, and this was said upon the picture of the Royal Academicians, 
 now chronicled as part and parcel of that Royal collection, which, 
 by the liberality of our King, is at present exhibiting as the chief 
 lion of this great sight-seeing epoch. Little did Frank Hayman 2 
 think, who rarely thought for to-morrow, when he sat to his friend, 
 Johan Zoffany 3 that he should be so soon handed down to fame, 
 in such company too, as one of the old English masters. His portrait, 
 which is a very strong resemblance, was not entirely finished from 
 the life ; for Master Frank was of too volatile a temper to afford even 
 a brother Academician a fair number of sittings. 
 
 “ Zoffany, however, managed to stamp the canvas with this, his 
 faithful portrait, partly, we may suppose, from the strength of his 
 memory. There is a head of Hayman, by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 
 which was copied by his pupil, Mr. Taylor, on whose authority we 
 venture to vouch for the fidelity of Frank’s face and figure in the 
 picture of the R.A.’s. 
 
 “ It is said, and on good authority we believe, that Zoffany, at 
 the period of painting this artistic group, having a pique against 
 Richard Wilson, the landscape-painter, erst his bottle-companion, 
 determined to let off a graphic squib at his new propensity, that of 
 preferring a pipe and a pot to the drawing of a cork. In the sequence, 
 he introduced on the chimney-piece immediately over Wilson’s 
 head 4 a quart tankard of stout, with its foaming top, and two crossed 
 tobacco-pipes, carefully covering the sottish symbols with gold- 
 beater’s skin, on which he painted a plaster case of a Gorgon’s head. 
 It was so sent for public exhibition, under the suspicion of Zoffany’s 
 
 1 Jeremiah Meyers, a native of Tubingen, miniature painter to the Queen of 
 England, and one of the earliest Royal Academicians. His portrait is in this picture. 
 
 2 Francis Hayman is seated near him, whose portrait describes to the life his bold, 
 athletic person. In this we behold the renowned painter who had the pugilistic set-to 
 with the great Marquis of Granby, whose magnificent portrait by Reynolds is on the 
 opposite side of the gallery. 
 
 3 Zoffany has introduced his own portrait in the group. He is seated in the front, 
 with his palette and pencils. 
 
 4 Wilson is represented at the back of the group. His nose herein is of moderate 
 dimensions, not having attained to that remarkable prominence subsequently repre- 
 sented in the sketch by Sir George B . . . t [Beaumont], and other no less faithful 
 resemblances, alike done con amove . 
 
3 ° 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 intending to remove the skin secretly, and thus expose the falling of 
 his former convive. But whether his splenetic humour subsided, or 
 he more prudently thought the disclosure of the trick would offend 
 the gravity of the magisterial committee of the R.A.’s, he kept his 
 secret till the exhibition closed ; and after bantering Wilson, through 
 the whisperings of a select few, to whom he showed this sport of his 
 pencil, he painted out the Gorgon, the pipes and the 'pot, and com- 
 pleted the composition as it now appears. 
 
 “ The Royal Academy of Painters, Architects and Sculptors, like the 
 theatres, under whose roofs have flourished the actors, singers and 
 others, will serve from age to age as a memento mori ; for new genera- 
 tions of painters and dramatic performers, rapidly succeeding those 
 whom we, by way of contradistinction, call old, in the course of a 
 very few years, in the ‘ Mind’s eye,’ really convert them into ancients. 
 Thus the very picture before view, which records the portraits of the 
 Royal Academicians of the last reign, all, with their honoured founder, 
 gone to the tomb, presents to the mind a band of worthies already 
 endeared to their posterity by the tender associations of the past, 
 wrapping their memory with that sacred mantle which imagination 
 draws between the living and the illustrious dead. 
 
 “It is doubtless from this general respect for men of genius in 
 the arts, who have done honour to their age, that the next age delights 
 to preserve their memory, by dwelling on all the minor operations 
 of their ingenious career; hence every trait of their habits, private as 
 well as professional, is sought with avidity, related with pleasure, and 
 listened to with delight. 
 
 “ It seems that all the members of the Royal Academy sat to 
 Zoffany for the occasion, excepting one, Sir Nathaniel Holland.” 1 
 
 In a later issue of the same Gazette, the writer comments still further 
 upon some of those who are represented in the picture. 
 
 “ ‘ Francis Hayman,’ he says, ‘ who makes so important a figure 
 in his coat, waistcoat and breeches of drab broadcloth and his Sunday 
 wig (to use the words of his favourite pupil, now in his eighty- 
 seventh year, and sitting at my elbow), looking as large as life.’ 
 This Francis Hayman was the ingenious author of those graphic 
 decorations at Vauxhall, the painted walls. 
 
 “ Frank, another nightingale . . . kept his summer nights in the 
 bowers of Vauxhall, and returned to his dormitory with the uprising 
 of the lark. 
 
 1 Nathaniel Dance when an R.A. He assumed the name of Holland when he 
 retired and obtained his title ten years later still. — Author. 
 
22 - 
 
 f 
 
 s 
 
 'l 
 
 s 
 
 4 
 
 % 
 
 1 
 
 ■s 
 
 s 
 
 t 
 
 s. 
 
 
 te 
 
 
 •1 
 
 
 
 ,v $ 
 
 l' J 
 
 i 
 
 | 
 
 N 
 
 
 
 si 
 
 c^, 
 
 <N 
 
 ^ , 
 
 
 .5- 
 
 T 
 
 ■V 
 
 < 
 
 «s 
 
 I 
 
 *s 
 
 X 
 
 *c\ 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 KEY TO THE PAINTING OF THE LIFE SCHOOL IN THE ROYAL ACADEMY 
 

ZOFFANY AS A ROYAL ACADEMICIAN 31 
 
 “ He lived in the early days with old Jonathan Tyers, in Craven 
 Buildings, and was a useful man in the parish of St. Mary-le-Strand. 
 The respectable inhabitants of his silent street, situated, to be sure, 
 in the murky bosom of a vile neighbourhood, the far-famed Drury 
 Lane — these were wont to open their windows past midnight, to look 
 for the watchman, who, even while going his limited rounds, was by 
 certain timid matrons, unreasonably expected to be in his box. 
 Complaints were preferred at the vestry, and the guardian of the 
 night, though as trusty an old officer as any upon the staff, would 
 have been cashiered had he not summoned ‘ a worthy gemman, one 
 Mr. Hayman, who could speak to his character.’ Frank, who was 
 every man’s friend, cheerfully obeyed the summons. ‘ Now, 
 gemmen,’ said old Time, 1 now I shall be supported. There is 
 Muster Hayman, who comes home at all hours. Did you, sir, ever 
 find me off my post ? ’ ‘ Never,’ replied Hayman. ‘ Your testi- 
 
 mony is sufficient, sir,’ unanimously exclaimed the Board. . . . 
 
 “ Several members of this first list of R.A.’s . . . used to meet 
 after the Vauxhall season at the Turk’s Head in Greek Street, Soho; 
 Hayman, Zoffany, Wale, Moser, Carlini, Meyer, Peter Toms, Richard 
 Wilson and others. . . . Zoffany and Hayman, familiarly Johann 
 and Frank, were inseparable. Zoffany, who had a liberal supply of 
 game, presents from his patrons, used to take a pheasant, a brace of 
 partridges or woodcocks, to the bar and whisper mine hostess — 
 ‘ Dress these for Mr. Hayman and me.’ Frank used to entertain 
 his friend with the frolics of London and Johan made him laugh in 
 return, with the comicalities and na'iveU of his former friends in 
 Yharmany. They were everlasting smokers. 
 
 “ John Gwynn, who was considered of sufficient talent to be 
 incorporated in this band of artists, on the royal foundation, is now 
 scarcely recognised even by name. Yet he was an ingenious 
 designer, drew architectural subjects correctly, understood, the 
 contour of the human figure and was principally employed by the 
 publishers. He drew all the figures for that capital folio work on 
 the science of Fencing, published at a great expense by the elder 
 Angelo, the plates to which were beautifully engraved by that able 
 artist, the unhappy William Wynne Ryland, and his clever co- 
 adjutators Grignion and Hall.” 
 
 Walpole’s statement concerning the painting of this picture of the 
 Royal Academicians must not be taken quite literally, as there are in 
 existence at least two studies for it, one of them being in the possession 
 of the Royal Academy itself. 
 
32 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 The group is really one of amazing interest and extremely cleverly 
 lighted from the chandelier with its heavy shade in the centre of the room. 
 
 The portraits of the two lady Academicians, Angelica Kauffmann and 
 Mary Moser are depicted upon the wall, the former in a rectangular, 
 the latter in an oval frame, as it was not considered seemly that the ladies 
 should be seen in the “ Life School.” Leslie and Taylor, in their Life 
 of Reynolds , thus allude to the painting — 1 
 
 “ ‘ The canvas which drew the densest crowd about it this year, 
 and had almost as much success as West’s “ Death of Wolfe ” the year 
 before,’ they state, ‘ was Zoffany’s picture of the Academicians 
 gathered about the model in the “ Life School ” at Somerset House. 
 The picture is in the Royal collection, and is invaluable as a collection 
 of characteristic figures and faces. Moser is setting the figure, which 
 Zuccarelli and Yeo study the pose of, of the model, and Dr. William 
 Hunter, a little behind them, with his hand on his chin, scans the 
 action of the muscles on which he has lately been lecturing. Nathaniel 
 Hone, with an expression and attitude of swaggering self-importance, 
 leans on the screen which backs the model. Cosway, the Maccaroni 
 miniaturist, displays his clouded cane and gold lace at full length 
 in the left-hand corner. He is the only one present, besides Sir 
 Joshua, who wears a sword. Zoffany, himself sitting, palette on 
 thumb, in the right-hand corner of the composition, is the pendant 
 to Cosway. Behind him, West leans on the rail, with more abandon- 
 ment of action than we should expect in the formal and ceremonious 
 young Quaker, in conversation with Cipriani and Gwynne, the 
 architect, on his left. Seated on a drawing box, his figure set square, 
 his legs apart, and his hands firmly planted on his knees, is the burly 
 Hogarthian figure of Frank Hayman, looking like an incarnation of 
 British sturdiness and straightforward manhood. Just before him, 
 Sir Joshua, the centre figure of the composition, directs his ear- 
 trumpet to the talk of Wilton and Chambers. The less conspicuous 
 members of the Academy are ranged in a second line, even Tan 
 Chet Qua, the ingenious Chinese modeller, is not forgotten. Wilson 
 leans moodily in a corner, his hand thrust into his waistcoat, looking 
 gloomy and unsuccessful. Hoare is seen in profile behind Cosway, 
 but Gainsborough is absent. He lived in Bath, and never troubled 
 himself with the meetings or business of the Academy, which had, 
 in fact, taken him into its bosom, in spite of the most manifest 
 evidences of indifference to that honour on his part.’ ” 
 
 1 Leslie and Tom Taylor’s Life of Reynolds, I. v. 446-7. 
 
Coll, of the Royal Academy of Arts Photo by tile courtesy of the “ Illustrated London News ” 
 
 THE ANTIQUE SCHOOL OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY 
 
 “ THE FIRST OCCUPANTS OF THE NEW SOMERSET HOUSE IN 1780" 
 

ZOFFANY AS A ROYAL ACADEMICIAN 33 
 
 As regards the portrait of Richard Wilson, just alluded to, it may be 
 well to mention that he stands in the recess of the room, hard up to the 
 mantelshelf on which there certainly is the appearance of some slight 
 alterations in the paint-work, as though something had been removed from 
 the picture and the spot re-painted. Of several of the Academicians 
 of 1770 this group gives us practically the only portraits extant, so that 
 its interest is of a special character in that respect. 
 
 It was, as we have said, engraved in mezzotint by Earlom in 1773, and 
 a key also was prepared. The print is a rare one, as after a few impressions 
 had been made from it, the plate was accidentally destroyed by fire, in 
 Sayer’s warehouse in Fleet Street. 
 
 We reproduce an illustration from the original picture by gracious 
 permission of the King, and also give the mezzotint by Earlom and his 
 key to the figures in it. 
 
 This, although the best known, is, however, by no means the chief 
 work which Zoffany executed respecting the Royal Academy. Such an 
 epithet belongs most certainly to his picture which now hangs at Burling- 
 ton House in the Saloon, and which is entitled “ The Antique School of 
 the Royal Academy.” It depicts the first occupants of the stately room 
 at Somerset House, which in 1780 was used as the Antique School, and 
 from the point of view of skilful composition and careful lighting, it 
 was never excelled by any work the artist carried out. The room is a 
 large one, with a panelled ceiling, richly decorated, it is said, by Angelica 
 Kauffmann, West, and other Academicians. A meeting of the School 
 is taking place by night. The casts from the antique are illuminated by 
 oil-lamps with large triple reflectors, set up on high standards, and each 
 student’s easel is likewise illuminated by its own oil-lamp and reflector. 
 Furthermore, there is a special lamp and reflector of more than ordinary 
 power in front of the desk of the Keeper, which places his features in 
 strong vivid light, and finally, the door of the apartment stands partly 
 open, and some light from the staircase steals through the aperture, 
 revealing the figure of a man in a wig, who is about to go out of the room. 
 It will be seen, therefore, that Zoffany had set before him a very complex 
 problem of lighting, and splendidly has he risen to the occasion. The 
 painting is also a remarkably skilful composition. The casts, which 
 include the Farnese Hercules, the Quoit Thrower, and other well-known 
 antiques, are well set up, and the glow is reflected from them over that 
 corner of the room, and spreads partly upon its ceiling and walls. Each 
 student is seen busy with his sketch-book, and the separate groups 
 scattered about the room produce a pleasing and satisfactory result, 
 while the face of the Keeper (George M. Moser) is admirably painted, 
 and gleams out from a shadowy wall of pictures with excellent effect. 
 
 D 
 
34 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 There is a visiting Academician or Professor, who is possibly Westmacott, 
 to be seen just below the Keeper’s desk, overlooking a student’s work, 
 and the painting on the whole may be regarded as one of the most successful 
 that Zoffany ever executed, an absolute tour de force in dealing with a 
 very complicated system of artificial lighting. 
 
 The Literary Gazette states, however, that the famous “ Life School ” 
 picture was not the first Zoffany had painted of a group of artists. 
 
 Its allusion runs thus — 
 
 “ This picture of an assembly of artists is not the first which Zoffany 
 composed; he painted a group of the members of the St. Martin’s 
 Lane Academy, and made the studies from the individuals on the 
 spot. Moser, who is represented as the foreground principal figure, 
 was looking over the drawing of a student, Mr. Taylor, then a young 
 man; and several are therein introduced who afterwards became 
 distinguished members of the Royal Academy. 
 
 “ This picture, which was small, 1 was purchased by Nicholas 
 Thomas Dali, scene-painter to Covent Garden Theatre, at whose 
 death, in 1777, it became the property of Mr. Richards, Keeper of 
 the Royal Academy, scene-painter, and Dali’s successor. It was 
 disposed of again by public auction, after Richard’s decease, but to 
 whom we know not. It would be worth inquiring, however, into 
 whose hands this curiosity may have gotten; for such an interesting 
 record should be preserved, as it would help to complete the portrait 
 history of the artists of the English school, from its foundation in 
 the last century. Such a picture, indeed, if equal in fidelity to the 
 other early works of this master, might be entitled to the honour of 
 a place in the Royal collection.” 
 
 This reference is one of considerable interest, but despite our most 
 diligent inquiries we have been unable to learn anything of the missing 
 small picture, which had evidently gone astray before 1826 and was even 
 then being sought for. 
 
 If only it could be found, this group would possess an interest quite 
 equal to that of the “ Life School ” or the “ Antique School,” and in 
 certain respects would surpass them in importance. Perchance the 
 allusion to it here may lead to its discovery. 
 
 At the same Exhibition in 1772, where the “ Life School ” appeared, 
 there hung next to it (291) another group by Zoffany which was probably 
 a commission from the King, and is still to be found at Windsor Castle, 
 a prominent object on the Visitor’s Landing. 
 
 1 It cannot, therefore, be the picture at Burlington House just alluded to, although 
 Moser is prominent in that one, as the Burlington House painting is a large one. 
 
Coll, of His Majesty the King L °r d Chamberlain's Department photo 
 
 PORTRAIT OF PETER DOLLOND, THE OPTICIAN, WITH HIS ASSISTANT 
 
 KNOWN AS “ THE LAPIDARIES* 
 

ZOFFANY AS A ROYAL ACADEMICIAN 35 
 
 It was only called “ An Optician with his Attendant,” but it represents 
 Peter Dolland, the King’s official instrument-maker, who just prior to 
 1772 had supplied His Majesty with some new spectacles which had 
 given great satisfaction. 
 
 Dolland is depicted at work seated at a bench beneath a window and 
 holding in his hand a lens. His assistant stands behind him. Walpole’s 
 praise of the picture is sincere, but critical. He wrote beside the entry 
 in his catalogue, “ Extremely natural, but the characters too common 
 nature and the chiaroscuro destroyed by his servility in imitating the 
 reflexions of the glasses.” 
 
 The group is not one that would appeal to the aristocratic Walpole. 
 The figures are depicted in their ordinary working clothes, and the 
 treatment is realistic to the last degree, partaking almost of the manner of 
 Chardin and as true to life and character as in a picture by Velazquez. 
 Zoffany, in this painting, shows himself thoroughly modern. For once 
 he was done with the fripperies of fine clothes, court life or theatrical 
 make-believe. He never painted a picture more honestly life-like and 
 true than was this. It had no meretricious aid in the way of colour or 
 effect, but was admirably lit, and the effect of the light was perfectly 
 portrayed. It could be hung at the New English Art Club of to-day 
 and might almost have been called an early work by Orpen in the catalogue 
 or attributed to Wilson Steer. 
 
 It stands alone in Zoffany’s ceuwe, and was the finest piece of direct 
 lighting he had yet attempted, and the most truthful he had created. 
 Unfortunately, it was not generally approved, and Zoffany seems never 
 again to have attempted a plain, simple group composed close to a 
 window in a strong light, and to have relinquished for ever any attempt 
 to paint in what we may now term the Chardin manner. 
 
 It was in this year that Zoffany was naturalised, so the report on the 
 lawsuit of Zoffany versus Tremando, referred to on p. 3 informs us, 
 and his parish was declared in the deed of naturalisation as that of 
 St. Anne’s, Soho. 
 
 The only other notable group which this period produced is presumably 
 that depicting Queen Charlotte with her two brothers, Ernst and Georg, 
 her sister Christiana, and three of her children. It is in the corridor at 
 Windsor Castle, and is a very satisfactory and attractive picture. 1 
 
 Zoffany describes it (1773, 320) as a “Portrait of Her Majesty in 
 
 1 Of this picture Tom Taylor, in his Life of Reynolds, speaks thus : “ Mr. Zoffany 
 had the honour of exhibiting a portrait of Her Majesty in conversation with her two 
 brothers and part of the Royal family, a commission from the King. The King liked 
 Zoffany because he worked neatly, and painted the players in whom the King took a 
 great interest.” — (Vol. II. p. 24). 
 
36 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 conversation with her two brothers and part of the Royal family,” and 
 there is no other work which corresponds to this description. Walpole, 
 however, has unaccountably added to his catalogue the pencilled words, 
 “ And Lady Charlotte Finch,” but the lady behind the Queen, who holds 
 Princess Elizabeth as a baby in her arms, has always been styled Princess 
 Christiana, the elder sister of the Queen, and Dr. Lionel Cust is convinced 
 that this attribution is correct. 
 
 It will be remembered that the lady was engaged to the Duke of 
 Roxburgh prior to Queen Charlotte becoming affianced to the King, 
 but as it was considered that it would be improper for her to marry a 
 man who would be the subject, so to speak, of her younger sister as Queen 
 of England, the match was abruptly broken off by the Prime Minister of 
 the day, and owing to this interference by Lord Bute neither the Duke 
 nor the Princess ever married. 
 
 Walpole was usually so well informed and so accurate that to detect 
 him in a slip, where the Royal family or his own personal friends are 
 concerned, seems incredible, and yet there is no other picture to which 
 he can have referred, and we can but conjecture that in his haste he did 
 not recognise who the lady was or else that succeeding generations have 
 been wrong in the attribution to this figure. 
 
 On close examination it will surely be considered that the family 
 likeness between the two sisters is of a marked order, and further that in 
 so intimate a group Lady Charlotte would hardly have been represented, 
 and even in such a case would not have been put into such close proximity 
 to the Queen and Royal children. 
 
 The Prince of Wales is represented standing on a seat by the side of 
 his mother, while at her knee stands the Princess Royal, who is holding 
 a doll. The mise en scene is in Windsor Park, and the group is depicted 
 resting by a rustic bench under the trees. 
 
 It is well conceived and cleverly grouped, and the technique is excellent, 
 the portraits well drawn and finely delineated, the painting solid, crisp 
 and pleasing, and the colour-scheme, albeit somewhat brilliant and a 
 trifle over-showy in its strange mingling of colour, is not unpleasant, while 
 the fabrics, always strong points with Zoffany, are exceedingly well 
 represented and painted with accuracy and skill. 
 
 As a companion to the group there hangs near to it in the same corridor 
 another painting by Zoffany, probably executed at much the same time, 
 in which Queen Charlotte is shown with her two elder children, but this 
 time the scene is in Old Buckingham House, and the Queen, who is in 
 white satin, sits near to her dressing-table and her profile reflection is 
 cleverly depicted in the mirror upon it. 
 
 Zoffany delighted in painting glass, and whether it was a mirror or 
 
Coll, of His Majesty the King Lord Chamberlain's Department photo 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING QUEEN CHARLOTTE AND HER TWO ELDER CHILDREN IN THE QUEEN’S 
 DRESSING ROOM IN OLD BUCKINGHAM HOUSE 
 
ZOFFANY AS A ROYAL ACADEMICIAN 37 
 
 a wine-glass, a window or a decanter, it was always painted with con- 
 summate skill and with complete control of his materials. 
 
 In this picture the Prince of Wales is represented in Roman military 
 costume and the Princess Royal in Oriental costume, as though, perchance, 
 they w'ere to appear at some children’s party or masque in fancy dress. 
 
 It is of interest to notice in it, the representation of a large and tall 
 French clock, which now happens to stand in the corridor at Windsor 
 Castle in close juxtaposition, with the painting in which it is actually 
 depicted. 
 
 Of the other paintings sent in by Zoffany to the Royal Academy, 
 prior to his journey to Italy, we have not been able to trace either of them. 
 The “ Portrait of an Officer, small whole length ” (292), has no name or 
 other adjunct attached to it by which it can be identified ; the figure of 
 “ St. Cecilia ” (1773, 368) and that of “ A Sybil ” (369), both three- 
 quarters, have so far eluded our search, and “ The Repose in the Flight 
 into Egypt ” (352), which is the only work he sent home for exhibition 
 while he was in Italy, is probably to be found in some gallery or private 
 home under quite another artist’s name, as the work of Zoffany in religious 
 pictures is not characteristic nor very acceptable. Walpole did not approve 
 of either of these pictures. 
 
 Of the “ Sybil ” he said : “ Style of the good painters, but affected,” 
 while “ The Repose ” he dismisses with the one word, “ wretched.” There 
 is no special interest, therefore, in tracing any of these works. 
 
 The only other painting, a portrait (1773, 321), Walpole says, repre- 
 sented Prince Ernst of Mecklenburg, and there is a portrait answering 
 to this description in Queen Charlotte’s old home in Germany, but as 
 we have not seen it and are not likely to do so, it is impossible to say 
 whether or not it is the picture which Zoffany sent to the Academy in 
 that year. 
 
 It seems almost certain that two other groups belonging to Lord 
 Durham were painted at the time we are just now considering, especially 
 as they appear to have been commissions to the artist from Garrick and 
 represent him and his wife in their country home. To these we refer 
 in detail later on. 
 
 Yet other groups, closely resembling those at Windsor, merit some 
 attention before we turn to two which are in some respects quite different 
 in composition to them. 
 
 If we are correct in our identification {see p. 27) of the portrait of 
 Master Sayer fishing, as one of the pictures painted at this time, it is 
 pretty certain that two other groups which belong to Lady Sayer were 
 executed at the same time. In one of these Sayer, the print-seller, with 
 his wife and son, are represented, in the other the same persons with a 
 
38 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 great-grandchild and a Madame de Pougens, who was Sayer’s sister. In 
 the former the family home is represented in the background and near 
 by the river are some trees painted in similar fashion to those we have 
 described in Lord Durham’s pictures, but in somewhat broader fashion 
 corresponding to the increased size of the picture. 
 
 In both of them the painting of the fabrics betokens Zoffany’s hand, 
 and the tradition has been steady and persistent regarding their history, 
 while what is very important is that neither of the three pictures has ever 
 left the family and one of them certainly was engraved. 
 
 Amongst single portraits painted at this time we must certainly place 
 those of Benjamin Stillingfleet and Lord Sandwich. The former died 
 in 1771, the portrait of the latter was engraved in 1774. Engravings of 
 both were the work of Valentine Green. 
 
 Stillingfleet, the naturalist (1702-1771) is alluded to by Nichols in 
 his Literary Anecdotes , where we are told that the portrait of him by 
 Zoffany was engraved with the following inscription : “To revive in 
 their memory the image of so worthy a man, many of these prints have 
 been distributed amongst his friends. Multis ille bonis flebilis occidit .” 
 The plate was engraved by Valentine Green, but purposely destroyed 
 after the prints were made, and in consequence the prints are very rare. 
 It was republished by Basire. “ The picture then,” says Nichols, “ be- 
 longed to Mr. E. H. Locker.” It now belongs to Mr. Godfrey Locker- 
 Lampson, M.P. 
 
 The one of Lord Sandwich (John Montagu, fourth Earl, 1718-1792), 
 hangs in the Trinity House, another version of it is in the possession of 
 his descendants, and there is a copy of it in the National Gallery. 
 
 Zoffany’s acquaintance at this time with Lord Sandwich led to some 
 interesting developments and became responsible for several pictures of 
 an unusual character. 
 
 Sandwich, then First Lord of the Admiralty and a Secretary of State, 
 was much interested in Captain Cook ; and to acknowledge the confidence 
 and assistance he had rendered him, Cook had given his patron’s name 
 to a group of islands he had discovered, and the Sandwich Islands they 
 are to the present day. He interested Zoffany in the question of circum- 
 navigation and in general exploration and introduced him to some of the 
 seamen of the day who were eagerly discussing such questions. 
 
 Cook, who was about to set out on one of his voyages, desired to have 
 an artist with him who could picture the places that the explorer visited, 
 and make sketches of people and scenery and animals which might be 
 brought back to England as evidence of what had been seen. 
 
 It was, it would appear, Lord Sandwich who suggested to Sir Joseph 
 Banks that he should face all the perils and trials of another long journey 
 
Coll, of the Trinity House, London 
 
 JOHN MONTAGUE, EARL OF SANDWICH 
 V. Green engraved this picture 
 
 
Coll, of Lady Saver Campbell Gray photo 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING THE GREAT-GRANDFATHER OF THE OWNER, WITH HIS MOTHER AND FA I HER, 
 
 AND THE FAMILY RESIDENCE IN THE DISTANCE 
 
Coll, of Lady Sayer 
 
 THE GREAT-GREAT-GRANDFATHER, THE GREAT GRANDFATHER AND GRANDMOTHER, AND THE GRANDFATHER OF 
 THE OWNER AS A CHILD, WITH MADAME DE POUGENS, WHO WAS A MISS SAYER — IN A GROUP 
 

 
 
 
 
 
ZOFFANY AS A ROYAL ACADEMICIAN 39 
 
 round the world, and he, with his accustomed energy, was ready not only 
 to take the journey, but also to bear the enormous expense of it. 
 
 Everything was this time to be carried out in princely fashion. Books 
 and instruments were purchased with lavish expenditure, and Zoffany, 
 who was offered the position of principal artist on board, was to have 
 three draughtsmen under him. 
 
 He, having always the restless spirit of adventure within him, and 
 tempted by the emoluments he was likely to receive, agreed to accept 
 the post, and set about making preparations for so long and momentous 
 a voyage. 
 
 Presently, however, it was found that the Navy Board was unable to 
 provide accommodation for all the party, and so Banks had to retire from 
 any personal share in the expedition. 
 
 Then a more serious difficulty arose. The report upon the chief 
 ship that had been provided, the Resolution , was exceedingly unsatisfactory. 
 Even the pilot declined “ to take charge of her further than the Nore 
 without a fair wind,” and she was condemned as quite unequal to the 
 work that was proposed, nay, more, as “ unseaworthy ” and “ unsafe.” 
 
 Mr. Edward Smith, who wrote the Life of Sir Joseph Banks} dis- 
 covered an important paper which relates the whole story and this he 
 published. 
 
 The ship, it reported, “ had a small cabin and was remarkably low 
 between decks.” 
 
 This was altered and the cabin was raised eight inches in height, 
 but then a round-house was built over it and this made the vessel top- 
 heavy; “ so cranky,” says the paper, “ that she could not go to sea.” 
 
 There were other objections to the vessel, and it was found also that 
 a great deal of jealousy and bitter feeling had been aroused by the expedi- 
 tion, so much so that the Navy Board not only took no trouble to give 
 proper accommodation for the astronomers, botanists, naturalists and 
 draughtsmen who were to have gone out at Banks’ own expense, but put 
 every obstacle in the way of their going. 
 
 At length, all the scientific men withdrew from the expedition and 
 carried with them the artists, “ convinced,” says the document, “ of the 
 impossibility of our going out in the state the ship was now reduced to,” 
 but the Navy Board ordered the vessels to start, and Hodges, who was at 
 that time only a student in architecture, joined as Landscape and Figure 
 Painter, and so the Resolution and Adventure set sail from Plymouth on 
 July 12, 1772, and were safely back in England in 1775. 
 
 Meantime, some of those persons whom he had met at Lord Sandwich’s 
 house gave Zoffany commissions and he started to paint some broad 
 1 Life of Banks by Smith (1911), p. 25. 
 
4 o JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 simple groups of portraits of men in naval uniform and amid naval 
 surroundings. 
 
 To this period belong two delightful groups. 
 
 One represents the cabin of H.M.S. Norfolk , in which are depicted 
 Admiral Sir Samuel Cornish, Richard Kempenfelt, his flag-captain, 
 memorable for his death in the Royal George ; and Thomas Parry, Secre- 
 tary of the Expedition to Manila and ancestor of the late Thomas Gambier 
 Parry and Sir Hubert Parry who now owns the picture. 
 
 The portraits were, it is stated, begun prior to 1762, the date of the 
 expedition, or at least one of them was, but the picture does not seem 
 to have been completed till somewhere about 1772, having perhaps been 
 laid aside in view of other and more pressing work, or, perhaps, to obtain 
 the portrait of one of the three personages represented in it. 
 
 Another similar composition belongs to Colonel Prideaux-Brune 
 and represents John Wilkes and Sergeant Glynn in conversation. 
 
 To this we refer later on when allusion is made to another portrait 
 of Wilkes. 
 
 Attributed to this same period is a painting of Commander Phipps, 
 afterwards Lord Mulgrave, who was in charge of the Racehorse in its 
 expedition to the Arctic regions and whom Zoffany has accordingly 
 represented in the midst of Arctic snows and holding a long harpoon. 
 This is now in the National Portrait Gallery. 
 
 There are yet other portraits of men connected with the Navy or 
 Mercantile Marine which Zoffany seems to have executed at this time, but 
 the portrait of Captain Cook himself, 1 which hangs at Greenwich, although 
 closely resembling the work of Zoffany, is given to Nathaniel Dance 
 (afterwards Sir N. Holland), and in all probability the attribution is 
 correct. The picture is not at the present time shown to the public, so 
 we have been unable to inspect it. 
 
 Of Captain Cook, however, Zoffany did paint a picture, but it was 
 later on, and represented his death in 1779. Perhaps he painted it just 
 after he returned home from Italy. 
 
 The scene is derived from a drawing by Hodges and sets forth the 
 foul murder of Cook by some savages at Hawaii, when he was claiming 
 restitution of a boat which these islanders had seized and which they 
 refused to return. The explorer, Lieut. Phillips, who was with him and 
 the sailors of the party, are skilfully painted, and two at least of the figures 
 are worthy of Zoffany at his best, especially in the fine painting of fabrics 
 and uniform and in the admirable draughtsmanship, but the savages, 
 whom he had never seen, are disproportionate and absurd, while some of 
 
 1 Mr. John Lane, the publisher of this book, has in his possession the bracket clock 
 which stood in Captain Cook’s cabin when he went round the world. 
 
Coll, of Sir Hubert Parry, Hart. Photo by the courtesy of the Arundel Society 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING RICHARD KEMPENI'ELT, SIR SAMUKL CORNISH AND MR. THOMAS PARR\ IN 
 THE CABIN OF H.M.S. NORFOLK AT THE TIME OF THE EXPEDITION TO MANILLA IN 17 62 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coll, of Messrs. Leggatt 
 
 PORTRAIT OF ADMIRAL LORD GEORGE AUSON 
 
Coll, of Mr. Wm. Haffety 
 
 GROUP OF PERSONS SUPPOSED TO REPRESENT CAPT. COOK AND 
 HIS FAMILY 
 
 Attributed to Zoffany 
 
ZOFFANY AS A ROYAL ACADEMICIAN 41 
 
 them are gigantic in figure far beyond ordinary possibilities, and they 
 are arrayed in all sorts of strange and imaginary costumes. Zoffany has, 
 in a romantic vein, exaggerated the details of Hodges’ sketch, and produced 
 a picture of small importance as an historical document and of comparatively 
 slight interest as a work of art. 
 
 There is a very odd picture in the Rotherham Museum which is 
 attributed on an old tradition to Zoffany, and is declared to represent 
 Captain Cook and his family. They are all seated on a flight of steps 
 and hold various objects relative to circumnavigation, a log, a square, a 
 map, sealed papers, etc., but the painting does not offer much resemblance 
 to the work of our painter. 
 
 After all, however, Zoffany never went with Cook. He is said to have 
 spent over ^1000 making elaborate preparations for the voyage, buying 
 sketch-books and paper, canvasses and colours with his usual extravagance 
 and impetuosity, and then found that the accommodation to be provided 
 for him was so inadequate that all his preparations had been in vain. 
 
 Banks, also, was exasperated at the arrangements contemplated by the 
 Navy Board, and did not at all approve of the additions that were being 
 made to the ships for accommodation of artists, naturalists and botanists 
 with all their paraphernalia. 
 
 He considered that the safety of the ships was being endangered and 
 that the persons whom he had selected would not have suitable places for 
 their accommodation and comfort, therefore he withdrew his support, 
 and with his withdrawal came that of Zoffany also. Hodges, as we have 
 seen, went instead and brought back with him a vast number of drawings 
 and sketches. 
 
 Zoffany’s enterprise came to a premature end, and the artist, who had 
 set his mind on travel, was grievously disappointed and much annoyed. 
 
 The offer, however, for him to go to Italy, to which we refer in the 
 next chapter, came just at the opportune moment. 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 Having been sorely disappointed in respect of the voyage to the 
 South Seas, Zoffany became even more restless and seemed unable to 
 settle down quietly in England. 
 
 He was also, it is said, in some financial difficulties arising partly from 
 the preparations he had made for the voyage with Cook, and partly from 
 the expensive way in which he had been living. His success had turned 
 his head. He had become persona gratissima at Court and had found 
 many acquaintances amongst the rich and influential persons in Society, 
 with the result that he strove to vie with them in fine clothes and sumptuous 
 entertainments, and soon found that his earnings, large as they were, were 
 not commensurate to such an expenditure. 
 
 He was to have had a considerable fee for his journey with Cook, so we 
 are informed in the Press of the day, and this with the right of disposal of 
 the pictures afterwards, would have put his affairs straight. 
 
 The newspapers of March 26, 1771, thus speak of the projected 
 journey — 
 
 “ We hear that Mr. Zoffany, the painter, who has engaged to go 
 with Mr. Bankes on his voyage to the South Seas, is to have one 
 thousand pounds, a third share of all curiosities, and other profits 
 that may arise from the voyage, with the right of disposal of such 
 pictures as he may make of the different people, countries, etc., he is 
 also to forfeit the penalty of one thousand pounds should he not go.” 
 
 As all this had come to naught Zoffany bethought himself of a journey 
 to Italy, and thence of a visit to his own native parts, where he expected 
 to be able to acquire new commissions and greater dignity. He appears 
 to have suggested this idea to the King who was quite ready to encourage 
 and assist him, and a contemporary writer 1 speaks thus of the King’s 
 generosity — 
 
 “ Having expressed a wish to visit Italy, his late majesty generously 
 assisted Zoffany in providing the means for his journey. It was 
 
 1 Good Old Days of Hon. John Company, II. 191. 
 
 42 
 
ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 43 
 
 owing to a desire hinted by the Queen, on his departure, that Zoffany 
 produced the picture of the Florence Gallery which is now exhibiting 
 in this magnificent collection. The Queen requested Zoffany, if 
 he visited Florence, and could find convenient opportunity, to make 
 a sketch of the celebrated gallery there. Exceeding his commission 
 he produced the elaborate and highly meritorious picture in question, 
 which, after his return to England, finishing with the utmost care, 
 he submitted to their Majesties at Buckingham House.” 
 
 According to this statement it was Queen Charlotte’s suggestion that 
 a picture should be made of the Tribuna, and this was exactly what 
 Zoffany desired. It gave a reason for his journey and enabled him to 
 travel as the possessor of Royal commands and to draw his pay from the 
 King for a definite object and purpose. Mrs. Papendiek tells us, however, 
 that in her opinion, “ when the proposal was made to him to go abroad, 
 he was in the receipt of a good income, and was classed as one of the 
 first, if not the first, in his line. He was,” she adds, “ to be paid for his 
 journey to Florence and back, and was to be allowed £300 a year while 
 painting the Tribune of the Gallery.” 1 
 
 Such an arrangement was eminently satisfactory and Zoffany prepared 
 to leave England. 
 
 First of all he had to resign from the Society of Artists, 2 a step which 
 he ought to have taken when nominated a member of the Royal Academy, 
 but which he had neglected to do, and accordingly he wrote the following 
 letter to the Secretary which is still preserved in his archives in the Library 
 of the Royal Academy and for a copy of which we are indebted to the 
 kindly aid of Mr. W. T. Whitley. Thus he writes — 
 
 “ Sir, 
 
 “ Sensible of the regard shown me by you and the Directors 
 and Fellows of the Incorporated Society of Artists, by their unanimity 
 in re-electing me a Director of the Society for the present year, as 
 well as in their choice of me into the Committee for the Government 
 of the Academy : it is with great regret that I am constrained to 
 acquaint you that my business requires me, very soon, to leave 
 England for some time and consequently must deprive me of all 
 opportunities of attending to the affairs of the Society, and being also 
 sensible that there are many ingenious gentlemen amongst us who are 
 equally desirous to give all possible attention for the promoting of 
 so useful an institution, and that my continuance in the direction and 
 in the Committee during my absence will be attended with much 
 
 1 Mrs. Papendiek, I. 82. 2 The Society continued to exist until 1791. 
 
44 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 inconvenience to the body by keeping such other gentlemen from 
 giving the necessary assistance, I must beg leave of you and the 
 Society to resign my opportunities. Assuring that I am with the 
 greatest respect for you and the Society in general, 
 
 “ Sir, 
 
 “ November 22, 1769.” 
 
 “ Your most obedient servant, 
 
 “ Johan Zoffany.” 
 
 Then in an extravagant mood he had purchased the lease of a country 
 villa near Brentford, called London Style , had furnished it with some 
 taste, and had spent a considerable sum of money upon it. 
 
 This had to be sold prior to his departure, and the sale was thus 
 advertised in the public press for 1772 — 
 
 “ To be sold by auction by Mr. Christie on the premises on Monday 
 next at one o’clock. The improved lease of a pleasant villa with 
 Coach House, Stabling and convenient offices. Pleasure-grounds 
 beautifully laid out and Lawns refreshed with Canals. The whole 
 between seven and eight acres, the property of John Zoffany, Esq. 
 The above premises are situate near the six-mile-stone on the road 
 leading to Brentford. At the same time will be sold by auction the 
 neat household furniture and other effects.” 
 
 A curious anecdote, signed by an unknown writer, E., concerning this 
 house 1 appeared in the Examiner for Jan. 27, 1828. Part of it con- 
 cerns Zoffany’s return from India, but the story may well be introduced 
 at this stage as we make no other allusion to the residence in question. 
 
 It would appear that the property was not sold prior to Zoffany’s 
 departure but after he had left, and that then the villa was entirely rebuilt. 
 
 E. writes thus — 
 
 “ At the time this artist was disposing of his property pre- 
 paratory to going to India, he had several dozens of favourite port, 
 of which, in the event of his living to return to this country he wished 
 to resume the possession; and accordingly, none but his old gardener 
 being in the secret, a deep pit was dug in the garden of his country 
 house {London Style ; near the six-mile-stone on the Brentford 
 Road). Into this pit a butt was lowered, and at night the wine 
 was closely packed in it, the pit filled up, and the gardener left to 
 
 1 We are indebted to Mr. Stephen Wheeler for drawing our attention to this 
 reference. See also a painting of the Wetton family in appendix under Kennedy. 
 
By kind permission of Messrs. M. Knoedler & Co. from their Exhibition of the works of Thomas Rowlandson, March, 1915 
 
 ZOFFANY’S HOUSE AT CHISWICK 
 
 A WATER COLOUR DRAWING BY THOMAS ROWLANDSON 
 

 
 
ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 45 
 
 take care of the premises until they were sold. This being settled, 
 Zoffani sailed for India in search of wealth, and was successful. 
 Returning with a comfortable independence, and three hundred and 
 sixty-five shirts (fine Indian manufacture, with a supernumerary 
 one for leap-year), this ample stock of body linen was seized by the 
 Custom-house officers as contraband goods ; the shirtless artist 
 memorialised the Board; the Board gravely discussed what was a 
 reasonable number of shirts to supply a gentleman with a change, 
 decided it to be about six dozen, and confiscated the remainder. 
 He now turned his thoughts to London Style, found it belonged to 
 Mr. Wetton, a retired confectioner, whom he saw, and made over- 
 tures for the re-purchase of it; but as this could not be arranged, 
 he communicated to Mr. W. the secret of the hidden wine, and 
 offered to point out the spot, and give him half, if he would allow 
 it to be dug up. The offer was as freely accepted as given. On 
 the appointed day labourers were in attendance ; the Brentford stage 
 set down Zoffani early at the door of the ex-confectioner’s new-built 
 house, where he was cordially received ; and with as little delay as 
 possible they proceeded to the garden. But now a difficulty arose 
 that Zoffani had not anticipated ; the new house had not been built 
 on the site of the old one, the grounds had been enlarged, new 
 walks had been made, the old trees had been removed, new ones 
 had been planted ; the whole scene had been so changed that none 
 of the land-marks in the artist’s mind could be traced. The old 
 gardener could probably have told where the wine was buried, had 
 he not been buried, too. Many borings and diggings were made on 
 that and on a succeeding day, but almost at random, and quite 
 without success. After half-spoiling the garden and grounds, the 
 search was abandoned ; and it remains in doubt whether the wine 
 is still interred, or whether the old gardener . . . 
 
 “E.” 
 
 We have alluded in an earlier chapter to Zoffany’s first wife, who had 
 returned to her own people and her own land, and who is declared to have 
 died at Coblenz. 
 
 Of his second wife, who accompanied him to Italy, Mrs. Papendiek, 
 who knew her well, gives a long account in her Court and Private Life 
 in the Time of Queen Charlotte , a work which is now somewhat scarce. 
 The story is not one which is to Zoffany’s credit, and as Mrs. Papendiek 
 was a garrulous old lady, upon whose memory complete reliance cannot 
 be placed, it may be an inaccurate one, but it is well to give it in Mrs. 
 Papendiek ’s own words. Thus she writes — 
 
4 6 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 “ Dear Mrs. Zoffany was the friend of my youthful days; it was 
 always a holiday to go to see her. She was a perfect beauty, good- 
 natured, kind, and very charitable. She was not of equal rank with 
 her husband, and when she married him, at fourteen years of age, 
 having had no education, her mind was not formed. During the 
 seven years they spent in Italy, however, she did receive some 
 instruction, and spoke the language perfectly. Their eldest child 
 was a boy, who died from an accident at sixteen months old. This 
 calamity nearly lost poor Zoffany his life ; indeed, he never thoroughly 
 overcame it. 
 
 “ At the time of which I am writing, I was too young to understand 
 the position in life of Mrs. Zoffany, which was not wholly respected, 
 but I subsequently learnt all the particulars of the story, which, 
 though it began sadly, ended in perfect happiness as far as her husband 
 was concerned. As it is full of interest and incident, I will here 
 briefly relate what in later years I heard from her own lips. 
 
 “ Mr. Zoffany, talented as he was, and always in the best society, 
 yet in his leisure hours prowled around for victims of self-gratifica- 
 tion. Fie found out the humble dwelling of Mrs. Zoffany’s parents, 
 and the beauty of their daughter he determined to possess. Very 
 soon after he made her acquaintance came the order for him to pro- 
 ceed to Italy, to copy the Florentine Gallery, and as this poor child, 
 who was at that time only fourteen years old, already bore the mark 
 of criminality, she hastened to the vessel in which he was to sail, 
 and got on board before Mr. Zoffany and the other passengers 
 arrived. During the voyage she discovered herself to him, and he 
 resolved, on landing, to place her where she would be educated, and 
 taken care of during her confinement. A boy was the child 
 born. 
 
 “ Immediately after this event, Mr. Zoffany made inquiries about 
 his wife, to whom he had been married some time, and who had 
 returned to her native place in Germany on account of the unhappy 
 manner in which she dragged on her existence in England, for he 
 was far from kind to her ; and finding that she had died a few months 
 before, he married the object of his admiration, who had become a 
 mother at fifteen. 
 
 “ Her heart was devoted to doing the best she could to render 
 herself worthy of her husband. She made rapid progress in learning 
 Italian, and also in reading and writing her own language, and in 
 that polish of manner so essential to the position of a lady. She was 
 a good mother to her boy, though still so young, and her beauty, 
 good dressing, and a natural elegance of appearance, combined with 
 
Coll, of Mrs. Everard Hesketh Photo by Mr. Hesketh 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MARIA THERESA ELIZABETH, ELDEST DAUGHTER OF 
 JOHANN ZOFFANY. R.A. AND AFTERWARDS WIFE OF SIR JOHN 
 DORATT, Knt. 
 

ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 47 
 
 the feeling of happiness which shone in her countenance, soon fitted 
 her for any society, and she and her husband were taken up in the 
 most hospitable and flattering manner by the Tuscan family, the 
 Duke being related to Joseph II, Emperor of Germany. 
 
 “ The boy, being now more than a year old, it was advised that he 
 should be weaned, and the governess or head-nurse of the Royal 
 family w T as to have him, with his maid, under her care. Poor little 
 fellow, all was going on well, when on one sad day he was in his go- 
 cart, and running to the door, where this lady was speaking to some 
 one, he fell down a whole flight of stairs. No bones were broken, but 
 the head much bruised. Those who remember Mrs. Zoffany will 
 suppose that she ran frantic to the spot, but fortunately so conducted 
 herself as not to offend. The baby sucked again, and knew his 
 mother, which augured favourably, but at the end of three weeks 
 he died of abscess at the back of the head. 
 
 “ Mr. Zoffany was not to be comforted, and, as I before observed, 
 he never wholly got over this terrible calamity. However, he was 
 encouraged to go on with his work in the Gallery, and though this 
 interest, in a measure, distracted him from his own private sorrow, 
 it had an evil effect in another way— for it was at this time that, in 
 order to drown his thoughts, he overworked himself, which brought 
 on the first attack of paralysis, when he lost the use of his limbs, 
 and for some time his senses. 
 
 “ Their eldest daughter, Theresa, late Lady Dorat, was born some 
 little time after, and before they quitted Florence, Cecilia, late Mrs. 
 Horne, was also born. 
 
 “ On their return to England we made their acquaintance. I 
 was then fourteen, and the impression she made upon me caused me 
 to think all she did and said perfection. Before she was introduced 
 to his friends, Zoffany should have married her according to the 
 Protestant religion and our law . 1 The neglect of this laid the founda- 
 tion for the supposition that she was not his wife. She could not be 
 expected to know much about these ceremonies, and never thought 
 about them from a religious point of view. He was aware of the 
 good conduct of his spouse, and took care that his friends held her 
 in respect, but it was cruel to leave her fair fame under a cloud that 
 could have been so easily removed. 
 
 “ Mrs. Zoffany’s father died soon after the flight of his poor child; 
 but the widowed mother was settled comfortably by Zoffany in a 
 
 1 According to the family records it is clear that this did take place and in London, 
 and that proper deeds in connection with the marriage of persons of different religions, 
 were duly sealed. The Zoffanys had, however, already been married in Italy. 
 
48 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 little home of her own, not very far from his house at Strand-of-the- 
 Green. 
 
 “ Greatly were my parents blamed for allowing the affectionate 
 intercourse between Mrs. Zoffany and myself. I can only say that 
 industry, care, and a spirit to do right were the examples I met with, 
 and a kind and warm heart ready and anxious to return every senti- 
 ment of friendship. 
 
 “ Notwithstanding the doubt about her marriage in the minds of 
 a few, she was very generally admired and beloved, and was able to 
 introduce her two daughters after a time into good society.” 
 
 So much for Mrs. Papendiek’s story, true or not ! 
 
 Where actually Zoffany married his second wife has not transpired, 
 but it was certainly in Italy, and according to the rites of the Catholic 
 Church. Genoa is said to have been the city where the wedding took 
 place, and prior to the ceremony, Zoffany, it is declared, obtained legal 
 proof of the death of his first wife in Coblenz. Even so, there were 
 officious persons who were ready to throw doubt on the legality of the 
 second marriage, and the idle rumours started by these people were a 
 cause of much disturbance and some distress to the Zoffanys while they 
 were in Italy. Accordingly, on their return home, a further ceremony 
 took place, this time according to Protestant rites, and in a church in 
 Wood Street, Cheapside, which is not now standing. Zoffany’s four 
 daughters, to whom we allude later on, were all born after this second 
 ceremony had taken place. 
 
 Walpole wrote to his friend, Sir Horace Mann, on September 20, 
 1772, 1 announcing the fact that Zoffany was coming out to Italv and 
 alluding to the projected voyage under the auspices of Sir Joseph Banks. 
 Thus he wrote in his inimitable fashion — 
 
 “ Zoffany is delightful in his real way, and introduced the furniture 
 of a room with great propriety : but his talent is neither for rooms 
 simply, nor portraits. 
 
 “ He makes wretched pictures when he is serious. His talent is 
 to draw scenes in comedy, and there he beats the Flemish painters 
 in their own way of detail. Butler, the author of Hudibras , might 
 as well be employed to describe a solemn funeral, in which there was 
 nothing ridiculous. This [his journey to Florence to paint the 
 Tribuna] is better than his going to draw naked savages, and be 
 scalped, with that wild man Banks, who is poaching in every ocean 
 for the fry and little islands that escaped the drag-net of Spain.” 
 
 1 Walpole’s Letters, Toynbee edit., Vol. VIII (not VII, as in Index Vol.) p. 207. 
 
ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 49 
 
 Sir Horace interested himself in the new arrivals, and soon realising 
 that Mrs. Zoffany was an attractive and charming personage, gave them 
 various introductions and did his best to admit them into the social 
 festivities of Florence. The fact that the artist had come out under Royal 
 auspices furnished him with a position in the place, and the English 
 minister arranged for his presentation at Court and for various other 
 social advantages. 
 
 Luckily Zoffany admired the work of Thomas Patch, who was at 
 that time in Florence engraving and publishing many valuable reproduc- 
 tions of early frescoes, and as Patch was a special protege of Mann’s, this 
 was all in his favour. 
 
 Dr. Doran, in his Man and Manners } at the Court of Florence, 1740- 
 1786, tells us that Sir Horace loved and admired Patch and that Zoffany 
 was charmed with his genius. 
 
 This admiration did not, however, prevent him later on from playing 
 a practical joke on Patch, as we shall see, when we come to consider 
 Zoffany’s finished picture of the Tribuna. 
 
 Doran, in a further passage, alludes to Zoffany, and, says he — 
 
 “ Zoffany has been sent here by a Great Personage (George III) 
 to make a perspective view of the Tribuna, with small figures 
 (portraits) as spectators. This, it seems, is his stile, and, it is said, 
 he is excellent in it. From hence he is to go to Rome to do something 
 of the same kind.” 
 
 The actual painting of the picture seems to have caused quite a sensa- 
 tion in Florence. Zoffany, styling himself the Queen’s Painter, gave 
 himself great airs, insisting upon special privileges in the gallery, and 
 especially in the room known as the Tribuna, in which for a time he 
 seems to have claimed almost the entire rights. He gave instructions 
 that many of the pictures it contained should be re-hung according to 
 his own ideas, persuaded the Duke to place several of his own servants 
 at his disposal, and had such pieces of statuary and bronze placed in the 
 room as he thought fit, requisitioning also rugs, carpets, busts, ivories, 
 armour, cups, jewels, coins and furniture from other rooms in the gallery 
 (for example, the bronze animal which was in quite another part of the 
 Palace, and is now to be seen in the Bargello) until he had the place 
 strewn with such objects as he desired to represent, and it presented 
 more the form of a studio or even of an auction-room than that of the 
 choicest room in a public picture-gallery. 
 
 Zoffany revelled in sumptuous effects of colour and fabric, and when 
 
 1 Pp. 220, 236. 
 
 E 
 
50 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 he had completed the arrangement of the room in this fashion, and 
 crowded it up with beautiful things, he let it be understood in Florence 
 in an indirect fashion, that he was prepared to receive the elite of the place 
 in the room and to paint into his picture the portraits of all the best -known 
 of the connoisseurs who were at that time visiting Florence, or who 
 resided in the city. 
 
 His great desire was to get himself well-known and to make his standing 
 in the place secure, and he spared no pains to make himself popular and 
 to obtain the important position that he so coveted. 
 
 Mann writes thus about him — 
 
 “ You will laugh when I tell you that Mr. Zoffany is now waiting 
 for me in the next room, to put my portrait into the picture which 
 the King sent him hither to make of the Tribuna of the gallery. 
 It is a most curious and laborious undertaking.” 
 
 Further on, the same author says that all the English personages 
 then in Florence were eager to appear in this picture, that Zoffany painted 
 them in, and when they left Florence, rubbed them out, for the picture 
 became too crowded and he had more than once thus to dismiss many of 
 his minor spectators. Some of the English who cared for the distinction 
 of standing in the picture were careful not to offend the artist, because 
 on small provocation he avenged himself by the obliteration of the offender 
 from his canvas. 
 
 All this behaviour on the part of the artist, and especially the exhibi- 
 tions of quick temper, to which the visitors to the Tribuna were often 
 treated, gave rise to a great deal of concern, and many persons resented 
 the airs which Zoffany adopted. 
 
 Sir Horace himself did not agree with the idea of depicting so many 
 persons in the picture, and expressed his opinion in very clear fashion, 
 although without any result. 
 
 Says he, speaking of the general effect of the work — 
 
 “ I told him of the impropriety of sticking so many figures in it 
 and pointed out to him the Grand Duke and Duchess, one or two 
 of their children, if he thought the variety was picturesk, and Lord 
 Cowper. He told me that the King had expressly ordered my 
 portrait to be there, which I did not believe, but did not object to it, 
 but he made the same merit with all the young travellers then at 
 Florence, some of whom he afterwards rubbed out, such as old 
 Felton Harvey, and one of the Queen’s chaplains, with a broad, 
 black ribbon across his forehead, and filled up their places elsewhere. 
 
ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 5i 
 
 If what he said is true, that the Queen sent him to Florence to do 
 that picture, and gave him a large sum for his journey, the impropriety 
 of crowding in so many unknown figures was still greater, but it is 
 true that it is for the Queen’s Closet, and that she is to give him three 
 thousand pounds for it. This he asserted, and it got him the name 
 of Her Majesty’s Painter, and in that quality he had leave to have 
 any picture in the gallery or palace taken down, for you may have 
 observed that he has transported some from the latter place into 
 his ‘ Tribuna.’ I should think, too, the naked Venus, which is the 
 principal figure, will not please Her Majesty as much as it did the 
 young men to whom it was shown. As to the question you make me 
 of my own personage, I can only say that everybody thought it like 
 me, but I suppose Zoffany took pains to lessen my pot-belly and the 
 clumsiness of my figure and to make me stand in a posture which I 
 never kept to, but then I remember that I was sadly tired when I 
 was tortured by him to appear before their Majesties in my best shape 
 and looks.” 
 
 Zoffany had, however, important friends in Florence. 
 
 The Grand Duke was charmed with him, and when his cousin, the 
 Emperor Joseph II, came on a state visit to Florence, presented “ the 
 Queen of England’s State Painter ” to the Emperor, who commissioned 
 him to paint his portrait, and this he did with great success as we shall 
 narrate presently. 
 
 Another very important friend was Earl Cowper, to whom Dr. Doran 
 refers in the following terms. He calls him “ one of the most eccentric 
 of the English residents in Florence.” He states that he was sent when 
 young by his father on the Grand Tour, visited Florence and never again 
 left it. “ Lord Cowper there fell in love with a Florentine lady, and 
 kept household with her. In 1764, his dying father entreated him to 
 return to England, but he paid no attention to the entreaty. When his 
 passion for the Florentine lady died out he married a Miss Gore. Their 
 children were in due time sent to England to be educated, but the Earl 
 and Countess lived and died in Florence.” 
 
 To this brief summary of his career we must add further details, 
 because Lord Cowper is intimately concerned with the career of Zoffany, 
 and his portrait occupies a prominent position in the picture Zoffany 
 painted. 
 
 The nobleman in question was the third Earl and was a godson of 
 George II ; the King, Princess Amelia, and the Duke of Grafton attending 
 at St. George’s, Hanover Square, on September 17, 1738, when he was 
 baptised. 
 
52 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 He inherited in 1754 the large fortune and estates of his grandfather, 
 the last Earl of Grantham. He then entered the Army, and for two 
 years, from 1759 to 1761, he, as Lord Fordwich, sat in Parliament in the 
 Whig interest for Hertford. 
 
 Later on in due course he made the Grand Tour of Europe, as did 
 most young men of his position and means, and in Florence fell in love 
 with one of its most beautiful citizens, the Princess Corsi, to whom it 
 may be supposed Dr. Doran makes allusion. 
 
 The lady was, however, married “ or the young lord would doubtless 
 have carried her to England as his wife and thus escaped the blame cast 
 upon him by Horace Walpole of disobeying the summons of his dying 
 father in 1764.” 
 
 It was in December of that year that the second Earl Cowper died, 
 and his only son succeeded to his title and estates, but he refused to 
 return home to take up his inheritance or carry out its obligations, much 
 preferring his life in Italy to what he termed “ the dull melancholy ” of 
 England. 
 
 In 1775 he married Hannah Anne, youngest daughter and co-heir of 
 Charles Gore, of Horkstowe, Lincoln, who was at that time residing in 
 Florence with his family, and who is said to have been the original of 
 Goethe’s travelled Englishman in Wilhelm Meister. 
 
 Lord Cowper made himself very popular in the Grand Ducal Court 
 of Tuscany, by reason of his vast revenue and of the state and magnificence 
 he kept up. 
 
 He was an ambitious man and the Grand Duke interceded on his 
 behalf with the Emperor, Joseph II, with the result that Lord Cowper, 
 after entertaining the Emperor in superb fashion, was created a Prince 
 of the Holy Roman Empire, “ Sacri Romani Imperii Princeps de Cowper,” 
 and later on given permission to add the royal surname of Nassau to his 
 own patronymic as one of the representatives of the Earl of Grantham. 
 These honours cost Lord Cowper a considerable sum in fees, and Walpole 
 rather unmercifully poked fun at the recipient of them. 
 
 Zoffany painted a fine portrait of the noble Lord, which for some 
 time hung at Wrest Park and has lately come into the market. 
 
 In it he is represented as a man of portly and imposing appearance, 
 lifting his hat in smiling recognition of some acquaintance. He is 
 depicted in a blue velvet coat and yellow vest with lace at the neck and 
 wrists. He is holding a cane and wears a sword on his left side. 
 
 Moreover, Zoffany painted a delightful group representing Lord 
 and Lady Cowper and Lady Cowper ’s father, mother and sisters. 
 
 This was painted either at the Villa Palmieri or at the Villa Del 
 Cipresso, it is not certain which. 
 
Coll, of Miss Boothby 
 
 GROUP OF SEVEN GENTLEMEN 
 
 WITH H R H. THE DUKE OF YORK, HARRY ST. JOHN AND SIR WM. BOOTHBY ON THE LEFT, LORD PALMERSTON, MURRAY, TOPHAM BEAUCLERK 
 
 AND LORD LUCAN ON THE RIGHT 
 
ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 53 
 
 Lord Cowper is in the centre of the group in a green coat, white vest 
 and breeches, and Lady Cowper is in a pale pink gown. Her sister Emily, 
 in blue, is represented playing on the harpsichord, accompanying Mr. 
 Gore, who plays the violincello, while near by are Mrs. Gore in grey, 
 and another sister in white brocade. On the wall hangs a famous picture 
 and from the window can be seen the Arno and a hilly landscape. 
 
 The group is one of Zoffany’s successes, the figures well composed 
 and exceedingly well painted, the fabrics represented with extraordinary 
 skill and all the furniture with the utmost facility. 
 
 Curiously enough the picture passed out of the family possession 
 until 1845, when it was purchased in Florence by the brother of the 
 sixth Earl for £20. 
 
 It was probably stolen from the Villa Del Cipresso with other objects 
 of value when Lady Cowper died there in 1826 at an advanced age. 
 
 The most notable portrait of Lord Cowper, however, appears in the 
 scene of the “ Tribuna ” picture to which we refer shortly. 
 
 It may be well to mention, before we leave the subject, that Dr. Doran 
 was right in stating that all three of Lord Cowper ’s children were born 
 in Florence, but were sent over to England to be educated, although, 
 says Walpole, “it is astonishing that neither parent nor child can bring 
 your principal Earl from that specific spot — but we are a lunatic nation.” 
 
 Lord Cowper did, however, come over once to London, although for 
 a very short time. It was in 1786, and Walpole owns to going to a concert 
 at Mrs. Cosways, “ out of curiosity, not to hear an Italian singer sing one 
 song at the extravagant sum of £10 . . . but to see an English Earl 
 who has passed thirty years at Florence and thought so much of his silly 
 title and his order from Wirtemberg. You know,” he goes on to say, 
 “ he really imagined he was to take precedence of all the English dukes 
 and now he has tumbled down into a tinsel titularity. I only meant to 
 amuse my eyes, but Mr. Dutens ( ?) brought the personage up and 
 presented us to each other. He answered very well to my idea, for I 
 should have taken his Highness for a Doge of Genoa. He has the awkward 
 dignity of a temporary representative of a nominal power. Peace be 
 with him and his leaf-gold.” “ I wonder,” he concludes in another 
 letter, “ his Highness does not desire the Pope to make one of his sons a 
 bishop in partibus infidelium .” 1 Lord Cowper soon returned to Florence 
 and died there in 1789. 
 
 While Zoffany was in Florence the Duke of York 1 2 visited the city, 
 
 1 Walpole’s Letters, Toynbee edit., XIII. 382. 
 
 2 Zoffany painted a group which included the Duke of York, Colonel St. John, and Sir 
 Wm. Boothby. It now belongs to Miss Boothby. Perhaps it was painted on this very 
 occasion. 
 
54 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 attended by Sir William Boothby and Colonel St. John. Zoffany was 
 presented to them and craved the favour of a visit to his studio, in the 
 Tribuna, where he did the honours of the palace as though it had been 
 his own house and excited the ridicule of the members of the Duke’s 
 suite by the elaborate adulation he paid to his Royal Highness and by 
 the claim he set forth of special attention consequent on his being the 
 Queen of England’s State Painter in Ordinary, a title to which he had 
 not the slightest right. 
 
 We learn of him in Florence once or twice from Ozias Humphrey’s 
 correspondence, and in every way he seems to have aimed at creating a 
 sensation and to have succeeded in doing so. One letter especially 
 alludes to his grand clothes, notably to a coat of pale pink velvet, which 
 he wore in the street on state occasions and which apparently did not 
 please Lord Cowper who complained that it made “ an artist look like an 
 Earl.” 
 
 Of his return home we hear in a letter he wrote from Florence on 
 January 15, 1774, one of the few of his letters that has survived. 
 
 It is in the Anderdon collection and the owner considered that it was 
 addressed either to Cosway or to Fuseli and that the Mr. Bruce mentioned 
 in it was the well-known Abyssinian traveller. It has been suggested, 
 however, that it was more probably addressed to a traveller than to a 
 painter and certainly to some friend of Dr. Hunter and Dr. Solander. It 
 alludes to Captain Phipps, afterwards Lord Mulgrave, whose portrait 
 we have already mentioned. It reads thus — 
 
 “ Florence, 
 
 “ January 15, 1774. 
 
 “ Dear Sir, 
 
 “ It was with sincere pleasure that I received your kind letter, 
 and it added much to it to find that I was not quite forgotten by you 
 in London, you will wonder much perhaps at the trouble I give you 
 in sending so great a Pacquet, but by opening it you will find it comes 
 from a same-sized great man, the wonder of the age, the terror of 
 married men and a constant lover, Mr. Bruce, who, having great 
 number of drawings of architecture and natural history and divers 
 others of his works should be glad if you could find ways to get an 
 order to prevent an inspection at the Custom House, as by the enclosed 
 you will be better informed of. My works, I hope, will be finished 
 by the latter end of March when I shall immediately set out on my 
 return to Old England. I am very sorry to hear of the impossibility 
 of succeeding in the attempt of passing the North Pole. The per- 
 severance of Captain Phipps merited a much better success. We 
 
Parma Gallery 
 
 CONCERT OF WANDERING MINSTRELS 
 The picture is stated to have been painted for Duke Ferdinand de Bourbon 
 
 A linari photo 
 

ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 55 
 
 had the other day passing here Lord Clive, who was very much enter- 
 tained here, and is now set off for Rome and Naples. He should 
 have liked a picture similar to what I am now painting of the Tribuna, 
 but, poor man, he could not go to the expense. I saw a print of the 
 Academy which very little pleased me, as there is no likeness in the 
 heads, and I very much wonder at the success of it. Your books of 
 the last voyage go off here amazingly, and I hear it is to be translated. 
 How is Mr. Hunter ? I don’t hear anything of him. 
 
 “ I beg my best respects to him, to Dr. Solander, and all the rest 
 of the gentlemen of the Club, and remain, with the sincerest respect, 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 “ Your most obedient humble servant, 
 
 “ Johann Zoffany. 
 
 “ P.S. — Lord Cowper sends his compliments to you and is sorry 
 he cannot have the pleasure of seeing you in Italy.” 
 
 From Florence Zoffany, after sending home his great picture, moved 
 on to Rome in 1773, then to Parma, and thence to Bologna, being 
 everywhere received with great distinction and admitted into the 
 Academies of each city. He was especially pleased with his membership 
 of the Academy of St. Luke, the oldest artistic society in Europe, and with 
 his admission into the Academy of Parma, in the latter place being greeted 
 with the cry of “ Greater than our Correggio.” 
 
 To Parma, in consequence of this flattery, he presented a picture, 
 and a clever one it is, as can be seen by a visit to the picture-gallery of 
 the place. 
 
 It represents a band of strolling mendicant musicians whom he had 
 encountered on his way and persuaded to sit to him. They are nine in 
 number, cleverly arranged in a group, three of them seated and the rest 
 standing. Their faces all betoken great amusement, probably at the fact 
 that the notable English painter cared to make a picture of them, and 
 although there is some hasty and careless drawing in the group, the figures 
 are well represented on the canvas and the features painted with un- 
 common care and skill, while, as usual, to the cloth and velvet of the 
 costumes, to the instruments, the conductor’s staff and money-bowl, 
 and to the various accessories, Zoffany gives just the right measure of 
 attention. 
 
 Anthony Pasquin, in his amusing but scurrilous account of Zoffany 
 in alluding to his visit to Italy, says that — 
 
 “ Zoffany’s ‘ knowledge of theology was so perfect that he under- 
 took to write annotations upon the chronicle of Father Jerome ; 
 
56 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 in a public disputation at Padua, he upheld the honour of St. Luke 
 above the other evangelists, and challenged an Empiric at Leipsig 
 for calling the worthy apostle a house-painter.’ At Loretto ‘ He 
 touched the cheeks of the Lady of Loretto with his best carmine 
 gratis .’ ” 
 
 From Florence Zoffany had sent home to the Academy the “ Holy 
 Family,” to which we have already referred {see p. 37), and to it Walpole, 
 in a letter to Horace Mann, April 17, 1775, with reference to the Royal 
 Academy thus alludes : 1 “ Zoffany has sent over a wretched ‘ Holy 
 Family.’ What is he doing ? Does he return or go to Russia as they 
 say ? He is the Hogarth of Dutch painting, but no more than Hogarth 
 can shine out of his own way. He might have drawn the Holy Family 
 well if he had seen them in statu quo .” 
 
 The Parma picture, just mentioned, can be considered as in Zoffany’s 
 Hogarthian manner, and the faces in it would do no discredit to that 
 great master. 
 
 From Florence Zoffany made his way to Vienna and there appears 
 to have completed the picture of the Emperor for which he had taken the 
 first few studies in Florence, and which he desired to present to the 
 Empress Maria Theresa. It gave unbounded satisfaction, so much so 
 that three other groups were at once commissioned and were still to be 
 seen ten years ago with the portrait in the Imperial Gallery. One repre- 
 sents the Archduchess Maria Christina, seated and holding a dog on her 
 lap, another, four of the grandchildren of the Empress Maria Theresa, 
 and the third shows the Archduke Leopold of Tuscany and his wife 
 and family of eight children. 
 
 It is also stated that he painted a fine Court picture of the Empress 
 Maria Theresa herself, and two more Royal groups are attributed to his 
 hand, but the pictures w T ere not available when this book was being written 
 and cannot, therefore, be described. In those, however, that we have seen, 
 Zoffany was not quite so successful as in his less formal and more intimate 
 groups. He has overstated the dignity of the royal personages and has 
 made their portraits stiff and formal, only relaxing this severity of treat- 
 ment in the case of two young children in the Archduke’s family group, 
 who are presented with something approaching vivacity. 
 
 Even with them, however, he has been afraid to let himself go, and 
 seems to have been overawed by the grandeur and importance of his 
 sitters. 
 
 In depicting their costumes he has been, as usual, successful. The 
 gown of the Archduchess Maria Christina is a marvel of exquisite delinea- 
 
 1 Walpole’s Letters, Toynbee edit., IX. 186. 
 
Vienna Gallery 
 
 PORTRAIT 
 
 OF THE ARCHDUCHESS MARIA CHRISTINA (1742-1798), MARRIED TO THE 
 ARCHDUKE ALBERT OF SAXONY 
 
GRANT OF ARMS MADE TO ZOFFANY BY THE EMPRESS MARIA THERESA 
 From the original Patent of Nobility and Grant of Arms by permission of its owner, Mrs. Evcrard Hesketh 
 
GREAT SEAL OF THE EMPRESS MARIA THERESA, FROM THE PATENT OF NOBILITY GIVEN TO ZOFFANY 
 From the original Patent by permission of its owner, Mrs. Everard Hesketh 
 

 
ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 57 
 
 tion, and yet is not so overdone as to take a wrong position in the picture, 
 the main attention of which is concentrated on the face of the Princess 
 and on a wonderful marble figure by her side, which is painted with 
 meticulous attention. Another of these Austrian Royal portraits is in 
 England. It is a group and belongs to Mrs. Mainwaring Kynaston. It 
 represents one of the Grand Dukes and another member of the Imperial 
 family, with a dog. 
 
 Zoffany was, moreover, highly successful in pleasing his Imperial 
 patrons, for not only was he handsomely paid for his paintings, but was 
 rewarded by the gift of a patent as a Baron of the Holy Roman Empire, 
 and as Edler von Zoffany he swaggered about in the Court. 
 
 The patent was granted on December 4, 1776, and is still in the 
 possession of the artist’s descendants. It is an imposing document 
 bearing the Empress’s signature, richly illuminated and with a magnificent 
 seal attached. By kind permission of its present owners we are enabled 
 to illustrate the page with the Imperial signature and those of the various 
 officials, the illuminated grant of arms and the seal, while in the appendix 
 we give a full translation of the document from the original German. 
 It sets forth in fitting and grandiloquent language the “ moral goodness 
 and noble virtues, the skill and other praiseworthy attributes,” with 
 which “ our dear and faithful Johann Zoffany has been represented to us 
 to be possessed,” and it there alludes to “ his indefatigable zeal and pre- 
 eminently happy results to the art of painting,” and to the fact that not 
 only from his youth upwards had he worked to “ the approbation of all 
 competent judges,” but that he intended to do so “ unto his death.” In 
 accordance, therefore, with “ Our Royal and Arch-Ducal Sovereign 
 Power ” it goes on to say it raises him and “ his legitimate issue and the 
 heirs of their heirs of either sex in direct line for ever to the dignity of 
 nobility” and to be equal to all the persons of noble birth in the Empire. 
 It grants a coat-of-arms to Zoffany and it calls upon all the nobility of 
 the Empire to receive him as their equal, and to give him their proper 
 precedence amongst them under pain of Imperial displeasure, and in its 
 magnificence and stateliness is a document worthy of the Court from 
 which it emanated, and one w r ell-calculated to fill the heart of the painter 
 with great joy and satisfaction. “ His unfailing faithfulness, services and 
 good conduct,” as the patent expresses it, had indeed received an exalted 
 reward. As a piece of Court phraseology the patent merits perusal and 
 its execution marks it as a beautiful piece of illumination. 
 
 Its value at the time in the Imperial Court must have been remarkable, 
 and we suppose from its wording all those who descend from the painter 
 would have been entitled to important precedence in Vienna and be 
 still regarded as belonging to that very select body the high aristocracy 
 
58 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 of the Austrian Empire. Johann, Edler von Zoffany had yet, however, to 
 learn in what way this High foreign distinction, well and ably won although 
 it was, would be regarded in England. 
 
 From Vienna Zoffany journeyed into Germany to revisit the home of 
 his first wife, and there he was received, under his new honours, with 
 much distinction. He is said to have painted an important panel picture 
 for the Court Chapel, at Coblenz, but we have been unable to verify this 
 statement. He certainly was in the city in the summer of 1779, but soon 
 afterwards left for England. Whether his picture of the Tribuna 
 arrived in London before the artist came or whether they arrived simul- 
 taneously we cannot tell, but certainly by November 12, 1779, 1 the picture 
 was in England in the artist’s studio, and Walpole had been to see it, for 
 thus he wrote to his old friend, Sir Horace Mann, on that very day in 
 chaffing mood, concerning it. 
 
 “ I went this morning to Zoffani’s, to see his picture or portrait 
 of the Tribune at Florence, and though my letter will not put on 
 its boots these three days, I must write while the subject is fresh 
 in my head. The first thing I looked for was you — and I could not 
 find you. At last I said, ‘ Pray, who is that Knight of the Bath ? ’ 
 ‘ Sir Horace Mann.’ ‘ Impossible,’ said I. ‘ My dear sir, how you 
 have left me in the lurch ! You have grown fat, jolly young; while 
 I am become the skeleton of Met’nusalen.’ 
 
 “ The idea I always thought an absurd one. It is rendered more 
 so by being crowded with a flock of travelling boys, and one does 
 not know or care whom. You and Sir John Dick, as Envoy and Con- 
 sul, are very proper. The Grand Ducal Family would have been 
 so too. Most of the rest are as impertinent as the names of church- 
 wardens stuck up in parishes whenever a country church is repaired 
 and whitewashed. 
 
 “ The execution is good; most of the styles of painters happily 
 imitated ; the labour and finishing infinite ; and no confusion, though 
 such a multiplicity of objects and colours. The Titian’s Venus, as 
 the principal object, is the worst finished ; the absence of the Venus 
 of Medici is surprising; 2 but the greatest fault is in the statues. To 
 distinguish them, he has made them all of a colour, not imitating the 
 different hues of their marbles, and thus they all look alike, like casts 
 in plaster of Paris. However, it is a great and curious work, though 
 Zoffani might have been better employed. His talent is representing 
 natural humour; I look upon him as a Dutch painter, polished or 
 
 1 Walpole's Letters, Toynbee edit., XI. 48. 
 
 2 This was Walpole’s oversight, the Venus is in the picture. 
 
ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 59 
 
 civilised. He finishes as highly, renders nature as justly, and does 
 not degrade it, as the Flemish school did, who thought a man vomiting 
 a good joke, and would not have grudged a week on finishing a belch, 
 if the mere labour and patience would have compassed it. . . . 
 ‘ Well, but are you really so portly a personage as Zoffani has repre- 
 sented you ? I envy you. Every one can grow younger and plump 
 but I .’” 1 
 
 Further down in the same letter he adds a postscript : — 
 
 “I do allow Earl Cowper a place in the ‘ Tribune; ’ an English 
 Earl who has never seen his earldom, and takes root and bears fruit at 
 Florence, and is proud of a pinchbeck principality in a third country, 
 is as great a curiosity as any in the Tuscan collection.” 2 
 
 In reply to this letter, Mann writes thus to Walpole, and alludes to 
 the reports in Florence concerning Zoffany’s second marriage 3 — 
 
 “ I am glad that you have seen Zoffany and his portrait of the 
 Tribuna. So, then, it is not true that he was hanged for bigamy, 
 as was reported amongst the Italians in spite of all I could say to 
 convince them that with us, though he has two wives , 4 it is not a 
 hanging matter. Your opinion of his laborious performance in all 
 the parts you mention agrees with that of our best judges here, but 
 they find great fault with the perspective, which they say is all wrong. 
 I know that Zoffany was sensible of it himself, and used to get 
 assistance to correct it, but it was found impossible, and he carried 
 it away as it was. How or whether it has been done elsewhere, I 
 know not.” 
 
 From the artist’s studio, where we suppose it was given a sort of 
 private view, the painting was carried down to Kew, and, says Mrs. 
 Papendiek, it 
 
 “ was placed in a room at Kew House, when the Royal Academicians 
 were desired by the King to come down and make their report 
 upon it. They were unanimous in their opinion of its super- 
 lative excellence. The beauties of every master were so well 
 preserved in the copy of the pictures, that the ignorant many could 
 almost point out the name of each artist. In the foreground is the 
 beautiful Titian Venus, held by the man who is supposed to be fixing 
 
 1 Walpole s Letters, Toynbee edit., XI. 48. 2 Ibid. 50. 
 
 3 Doran’s Man and Manners at the Court of Florence, 1876, p. 358. 
 
 4 This was not true ( see p. 48). 
 
6o 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 it for Zoffany to copy, while he himself is seen in the Gallery listening, 
 as it were, to the observations of the spectators. Every countenance 
 is lighted up with animation ; but the number that he has so wonder- 
 fully grouped, I am ashamed to own, I have forgotten. Sir Horace 
 Mann, our Ambassador at Florence at the time, is conspicuous, as 
 well as many other Englishmen who were there, and were well known 
 among their countrymen. The cognoscenti , in addition to the pro- 
 fessors, were agreed that an allowance of £1000 a year for life would 
 not more than pay him for his vast labour, and that less than £700 
 could not be offered. Alas, poor Zoffany ! The moment the 
 question of money was raised, all sorts of objections were made to 
 the work; as to the different persons introduced, that could not 
 interest the King, and might even be unpleasant to His Majesty to 
 look at; that he had deviated from the order given him, simply to 
 copy the Tribuna; that he had painted portraits of the Imperial 
 Family of Vienna, and others, thereby having lengthened his stay, 
 and retarded the business upon which he left England, and so forth. 
 To these charges he answered — first, the impossibility of daily 
 attendance at the Gallery, as the public could only be kept from it 
 at certain times, and that by favour ; that its being built of stone, and 
 very cold, rendered a too-close application dangerous, and as it was, 
 Mr. Zoffany had once been brought home with loss of power from 
 intense study, that state of inanition being afterwards considered 
 as the first seizure of paralysis, which some years later carried him 
 to his grave. To the objection made to his having painted certain 
 portraits, he answered that the Emperor of Germany, Joseph II, 
 was accidentally passing through Florence at the time, on his way 
 to the family of Tuscany, his relations, and being delighted with 
 Zoffany’s performances, he himself sat for his portrait, and ordered 
 all the members of his family to do the same. These pictures, 
 however, were done in the intervals of his great work, with which 
 they did not in any degree interfere. Zoffany was well rewarded by 
 the Emperor Joseph and was made a Baron of the Holy Roman 
 Empire. The Emperor, moreover, strongly urged his coming to 
 Vienna, but Zoffany refused on the ground of his commission for 
 the King of England. 1 On account of his having accepted these 
 rewards from the Emperor, Zoffany proposed dropping the £300 
 a year that was promised to him, but requested payment of his 
 expenses to Florence and back. 
 
 1 Mrs. Papendiek is not quite correct here. Zoffany did at first certainly refuse, 
 but afterwards consented and went, and two of his pictures were painted in Vienna 
 and have a statement upon them to that effect. 
 
SIGNATURE OF THE EMPRESS MARIA THERESA TO THE PATENT OF NOBILITY GIVEN TO ZOFFANY 
 
 From the original Patent by permission of its owner, Mrs. Everard Hesketh 
 
ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 61 
 
 “ On this point another difficulty was started, namely, that the 
 agreement had been made with him as a single man; that he had 
 since married, and that, therefore, his expenses had been increased. 
 
 “ What in the end Zoffany received, I cannot assert, but I am 
 certain that it was under £1000. The picture was put out of sight, 
 and it was not till it was exhibited in the collection of George IV that 
 it was again even recollected. His old friends stuck by him, and he 
 was made a Royal Academician and Visitor immediately. 
 
 “ He took a house in Strand-of-the-Green, and one in town at 
 the corner of Albemarle and Stafford Streets.” 1 
 
 In another allusion to the same picture, Mrs. Papendiek tells us that 
 Zoffany expected to receive two thousand guineas for the work, 
 in fact, at one time he hinted that he considered its value at three 
 thousand guineas, but all his hopes were frustrated, and although the 
 painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1780 (68) and attracted 
 considerable attention, 2 the Royal purse was not opened to the extent 
 Zoffany had expected, and in consequence the picture came back after the 
 Exhibition to Zoffany’s studio. 3 Walpole, however, refers again and 
 again to it and had a high opinion of its merits. 
 
 In a letter to Sir Horace Mann dated April 23, 1781, he says : 
 “ Zoffany’s picture, however, will rise in value as a portrait of what that 
 room (the Tribune) was, yet its becoming more precious will not, I doubt, 
 expedite the sale of it.” 4 While, in one to the Countess of Upper Ossory, 
 November 14, 1779, he writes— 
 
 “ Now I have tapped the chapter of pictures you must go and 
 see Zoffani’s ‘ Tribune ’ at Florence, which is an astonishing piece of 
 work with a vast deal of merit. 
 
 Some years subsequent to the painter’s return from Italy, this picture 
 of the Florence Gallery, however, was purchased by the Queen, and it is 
 stated at the instance of the late President of the Royal Academy, for six 
 hundred guineas, “ a sum,” says a contemporary writer, “ perhaps com- 
 
 1 Mrs. Papendiek, I. 83. 
 
 2 Leslie and Taylor say it was “ the subject of much curiosity.” 
 
 3 Says the Literary Gazette of July 8, 1826 : “ It is true that the munificent founder 
 of the Royal Academy had bestowed his patronage to the extent of one thousand 
 guineas for one picture painted by a living artist ; but that was given in the shape of a 
 royal bounty to a distinguished individual, to encourage his zeal in pursuit of the epic 
 style of composition. The late Mr. West received that sum of His Majesty for his 
 picture of ‘ Regulus.’ ” 
 
 4 Walpole’ s Letters, Toynbee edit., XII. 40. 
 
62 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 mensurate with the value of the picture in those days, though not an 
 entire remuneration for the labour bestowed upon it.” 
 
 Another statement is to the effect that Zoffany, by dint of great 
 pressure, eventually obtained £1500 from the Crown for his time and 
 expenses in Italy, and £800 for the picture itself, and this latter statement 
 is in accordance with a definite family tradition. 
 
 There is a lengthy notice concerning the picture in the Literary Gazette 
 for July 15, 1826, which is worth quoting in full. With regard to Zoffany’s 
 time in Italy it states again that the story was told in Florence to the 
 effect that Zoffany 
 
 “ took sittings of certain gentlemen who were desirous of being 
 transmitted to future times, thus surrounded by objects of virtue 
 at twenty guineas per head : but that, after their departure from this 
 illustrious city, the said heads vanished, and their places were supplied 
 by others, who paid the same price for the same privilege. Hence,” 
 it adds, “ on the appearance of the Florence Gallery in England, many 
 a disappointed tourist, who looked for a duplicate of his own veritable 
 phiz in this picture, having boasted that it was therein, w T as suspected 
 by certain good-natured friends of using that travellers' privilege so 
 unjustly ascribed to the late Mr. Bruce, whose very faithful portrait 
 is the last depicted on the left side of the composition. The afore- 
 mentioned Lord B. . . . asserted that he himself had paid his 
 twenty guineas, but certainly his lordship’s head is not there. 
 
 “ The painter in this piece, too,” it goes on to say, “ has not 
 neglected to introduce his own portrait, however, and there he stands 
 — another Jew, doing a little business in the Temple. He is ex- 
 hibiting to a group of virtuosos, a Madonna by Raffael, which is intro- 
 duced by way of episode, and a profitable one it turned out to the 
 artist. The picture did not belong to the gallery — it was picked up 
 by accident by Zoffany and for a small sum. He was wont to ask all 
 English comers to Florence, ‘ Have you seen my Raffael ? — Ah ! den 
 you must see it.’ He is herein submitting it to the admiring group, 
 Sir John Dick, the Earl of Plymouth, Mr. Stevenson, the Earl Dart- 
 mouth, and last, though the first, par eminence , the late Earl Cowper, 
 who, charmed with its gusto, purchased it; and brought it to England. 
 It is now in the collection of the present worthy Earl. 
 
 “ The picture is considered an original Raffael and a treasure of 
 art. His lordship paid down a certain liberal sum, and granted, by 
 way of residue, an annuity of a hundred pounds, which the fortunate 
 painter (who lived, as is said and pretty generally believed, to be 
 between ninety and a hundred) enjoyed to the last. Hence this 
 
J. Earl Copper 
 
 6 Earl of DattrnoiUh' 
 
 11 AC Bin rich i 
 
 16 S,rI7o roc* Money 
 
 2 Su John Dic/c 
 
 7 AT 'Lora&w Smith* 
 
 17 JlonJdtrn 71 cry p 
 
 1J Tori of MuCJh li ra 
 
 3 Kart ol Ftytruntth 
 
 6 Lord MouncKdgccombe 
 
 1.1 AK Gordo n 
 
 10 Sl r Marts 
 
 4 AT Zoffani 
 
 () Lord Lu/sh or p icq h 
 
 14 ArEacvh, 
 
 K) AT Doughty 
 
 5 ST Stevenson, 
 
 JO M r Valeiiti/ie Knight Ip 
 
 1.5 Sir John Tap lor 
 
 70 Af T WiLbrahairu j 
 
 21 AE Rn^ce. Af~ A/ r Wiltfraharrc 
 
 KEY TO THE PAINTING OF THE TRIBUNA 
 (Collection of H.M. the King) 
 
 By permission of the Royal Academy of Arts 
 
 
 
ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 63 
 
 ‘ Madonna,’ perhaps, whatever may be its merits, is the dearest 
 Raffael that ever was purchased, even by a travelling English 
 lord ! 
 
 “ When the gallery picture was placed in the Royal collection it 
 was the source of many a jeu cT esprit, and his late Majesty laughed 
 heartily at an observation of Lord M y, a favourite courtier, who, 
 commenting upon the vrai ressemblance of certain portraits, turning 
 to that of one who is eyeing the Titian Venus , 1 ‘ I see, my lord, you 
 leave the chaste Madonnas to the sprigs of virtu, and group with the 
 more recherche in the carnations of a Venetian Venus.’ This cele- 
 brated Venus has been copied by many artists, from age to age, and 
 of every country, the last which we have seen is by the pencil of a 
 living member of our own school, one whose works have already 
 added splendour to the British art. We need not name the inde- 
 fatigable Etty. . . 
 
 It remains to describe the picture, which is now happily regarded as 
 one of the gems of the Royal collection, and which, as the repre- 
 sentation of an historic room with its varied treasures, and as a portrait- 
 gallery of the connoisseurs who at that time frequented the city, has no 
 equal in importance. 
 
 It will be seen from the key to the engraving of the picture that the 
 persons who were eventually depicted were Earl Cowper, Sir John Dick, 
 the Earl of Plymouth, the Earl of Dartmouth, the Earl of Winchelsea, 
 Lord Mount Edgcumbe and Lord Russborough, Mr. Felton Hervey, Sir 
 John Taylor and Sir Horace Mann, and Messrs. Stevenson, Lorain-Smith, 
 Valentine Knightley, Bianchi, Gordon, Bruce, Patch, Watts, Doughty, 
 Wilbraham and the artist himself. 
 
 “ Zoffany, who was a humorist,” says a writer of his period, “ is 
 said,” in this picture, “ to have paid off a grudge against one whose 
 portrait is in the foreground of the group, namely, Mr. Patch, who, 
 it seems, had obliged the painter, rather unhandsomely, to pay a sum 
 of money on a mere verbal responsibility, for another. Hence he 
 put a black patch on the seat of honour, upon one of the sculptured 
 fighting gladiators, and made the figure of Mr. Patch, which had 
 been previously introduced, pointing at this pun upon his name. 
 This story is transmitted on the authority of Zoffany himself. He, 
 however, was known to be a waggish narrator.” 
 
 1 The painter has skilfully introduced this Titian Venus, which hangs in that angle 
 of the gallery, behind the spectator. He has herein made it an episode to his general 
 design, as it is taken down from the wall to be thus examined. 
 
6 4 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 The evidence for the truth of this story cannot now be detected in 
 the painting, and perhaps Zoffany, repenting him of the practical joke, 
 removed the offending black patch before the picture came into the Royal 
 collection. Certainly it is not now to be seen. 
 
 The main interest in the whole composition centres about the little 
 group on the left in which the painter is himself exhibiting to Lord Cowper, 
 Sir John Dick, Lord Plymouth, Mr. Stevenson, and Lord Dartmouth the 
 painting of a “ Holy Family ” by Raphael 1 to which allusion was made in 
 the Literary Gazette and which eventually passed into the hands of Lord 
 Cowper. It can still be seen, in the Gallery at Panshanger, and is for- 
 tunately not the painting by Raphael, from that same Gallery, which passed 
 into the hands of the late Mr. Peter Widener of Philadelphia. 
 
 Walpole rightly calls the “ Tribuna ” picture “ a great and curious 
 work.” It is, of course, overloaded and over-full, as a composition, but 
 as will be seen from the reproduction we have been permitted by the 
 King to obtain, it is a consummate piece of work in its own special genre. 
 
 The faces of the spectators are admirable and exceedingly well varied. 
 The arrangement is, on the whole, clever, and does not give the 
 appearance of a made-up composition, while the details kept in due 
 subordination, are exceedingly well painted. All the paintings on the 
 wall can be recognised and identified, and so, too, can most of the marbles 
 and bronzes, and as a pictorial representation of a remarkable scene the 
 painting has high merits. 
 
 Its brush-work is good; it is still in brilliant condition, and all the 
 colours have stood well. Zoffany must have taken infinite pains with it 
 and it stands pre-eminently as his greatest work. He had never equalled, 
 and he never excelled it, in certain respects, the draughtsmanship, on the 
 whole, being excellent and the colouring warm, rich, even brilliant, and 
 yet subdued to a suitable key throughout, while in respect to the painting 
 of such details as costumes, silk, velvet and drapery, it stands as the finest 
 example in existence of our painter’s special facility. 
 
 In the possession of Mr. R. Logan is a fine portrait of Gabriel Mathias, 
 Keeper of the Privy Purse (1719-1804). By his side is represented a 
 bust by Nollekens, dated 1779, representing his brother, James T. 
 Mathias, the author of the Pursuits of Literature. 
 
 It has been suggested that the 1779 might also refer to the date of 
 the painting, but in that year Zoffany was in Florence. It does not, 
 however, follow that the picture was not executed at that time. Mr. 
 
 1 The clever couplet that Gilbert puts into the Major-General’s song deserves to be 
 quoted in this connection : — 
 
 “ I can tell a genuine Raphael from Gerard Dow’s or Zoffany’s, 
 
 I know the Croaking Chorus from the Frogs of Aristophanes.” 
 
Coll, of Sir Reginald H . Graham, Dart. 
 
 THE GRAHAM FAMILY GROUP 
 
 Including Sir Bellingham Graham, his son, afterwards sixth Baronet, and his two daughters, Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Fulke Greville, all 
 
 under the “ Zoffany ” tree 
 
ZOFFANY IN ITALY 
 
 65 
 
 Mathias may have been in Italy then and have sat for his portrait. It is 
 not a very early work and yet almost certainly one executed before the 
 artist went off to India. 
 
 In 1780 we know that Zoffany was in Yorkshire by reason of the 
 fact that a group belonging to Sir Reginald Graham and two sketches, 
 one of Sir Bellingham Graham and the other of his housekeeper, Mistress 
 Ellis, are attributed to that year, it being stated in the family that the 
 sketches were actually drawn at that very time. 
 
 The group is an important one. It depicts the fifth Baronet, Sir 
 Bellingham Graham, with his son and two daughters, afterwards Mrs. 
 Smith and Mrs. Fulke Greville, all grouped around a tree in the Park at 
 Norton Conyers, which was selected as the mise en scene by the artist him- 
 self and which has ever afterwards been spoken of as the Zoffany tree. 
 
 This method of grouping under a tree was a favourite scheme of 
 Zoffany. We shall meet with it many times in his pictures. 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 zoffany’s later work 
 
 Such information as we possess concerning Zoffany’s life in London 
 after his return from Italy and prior to his departure for India, we owe 
 almost exclusively to the gossipy pages of Mrs. Papendiek’s diary, but in 
 quoting rather extensively from them we should again premise that when 
 dates are of importance, too much reliance must not be placed upon that 
 good lady’s memory. 
 
 For example, in one of her entries she alludes to Mr. Zoffany’s absence 
 in India having been away for “ fourteen years,” whereas he was not 
 absent from England more than seven, as he was certainly painting in this 
 country in 1782, and back again at work in 1790. 
 
 She says he was in Italy for seven years, and this statement also, it 
 seems probable, is a little in excess of the truth, as there is no evidence in 
 favour of his having left England before 1773, and he was certainly back 
 here again in the autumn of 1779. 
 
 Where exactly the artist resided in Albemarle Street after his return 
 from Italy has been doubtful, as the Royal Academy catalogues give 
 no number to the house, but it is clear that Zoffany was a successful man 
 and able to take an important residence. 
 
 Mrs. Oldfield, his grand-daughter, a lady of very advanced age, who 
 was good enough to favour us with such memories as she could recall, 
 stated that the house was, as Mrs. Papendiek implies, at the corner of 
 Stafford Street and Albemarle Street, and so would correspond to the 
 block now rebuilt and forming Shelley’s Hotel and restaurant. 
 
 Northcote 1 expressly states that “ Zoffany made a fortune in England 
 by his pictures, which he soon got rid of, and another in India, which 
 went the same way.” 
 
 According to various accounts, it would appear that one of the artist’s 
 chief extravagancies was in connection with his love for music, and that 
 he delighted in giving concerts at his house in which the notable artists of 
 the day took part, and which were attended by the elite of society, much 
 
 1 See Waller and Glover’s edition of Hazlitt’s Works, VI. 386. 
 
 66 
 
ZOFFANY’S LATER WORK 67 
 
 as similar concerts were given in Pall Mall and in Berkeley Square by 
 Mrs. Cosway. 
 
 Mrs. Papendiek was also very fond of music, and her diaries abound 
 in allusions to the singers and players who were famous in her time. 
 
 She it is who tells us that Zoffany “ had recourse to Opera performers 
 for subjects to exhibit,” 1 and hence these concerts were of service to him 
 from a professional point of view. 
 
 For example, we hear of various musical people in the following extract 
 from Mrs. Papendiek’s pages — 
 
 “ On leaving Kew for St. James in November, the Zoffanys, who 
 lived in Albemarle Street, became more intimate with us, and we 
 soon assembled round us an agreeable and artistic society. Bach 
 had married the famous singer, Calli, who assisted him with her 
 savings of £ 2000 . She was of good character and well-regulated 
 conduct, rather passde for a prima donna, and singing, therefore, 
 now only at concerts, public and private. Miss Cantilo was their 
 articled pupil, and, being quick and clever, very soon became useful. 
 I had been, as it were, brought up with the party, and as I wished 
 to catch at every opportunity to improve, Miss Cantilo and I became 
 very intimate. These ladies sang at the Queen’s concerts in London, 
 and upon the marriage of Miss Linley with Mr. Sheridan, which 
 prevented her coming any longer as a singer to the ‘ Queen’s House,’ 
 Madame Bach’s and Miss Cantilo ’s attendance was established.” 2 
 
 In another she says — 
 
 “ We were present at the King’s Theatre with the Zoffanys and 
 the Bachs. Bach gave his benefit in the season as usual, and there 
 introduced Miss Cantilo, after two years’ instruction. She always 
 sang scientifically, and had a lively and engaging manner, with a 
 natural talent for music; but nature had given a huskiness to her 
 voice which never could be overcome, and which rather increased 
 with age. She was at this time about seventeen, rather pretty than 
 otherwise, with fine expressive eyes, and an interesting little figure. 
 
 “ As Mr. Zoffany’s occupation of portrait painting was much 
 diminished by his absence of seven years, he had recourse to the 
 Opera performers for subjects to exhibit. This opened the way to 
 gratis admissions, and often did Mrs. Zoffany fetch me to accompany 
 her. We were constantly in the dressing-rooms of those she was 
 acquainted with, Simonet, Bacelli, Theodore, etc., and happy am 
 
 1 Mrs. Papendiek, I. 136. 2 Ibid. log. 
 
68 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 I here to affirm that we never saw anything reprehensible. When 
 the dressing and undressing were over, acquaintances came in to 
 chat as we did, but all was decorum, with the leading characters at 
 all events. Miss Farren was one of our intimate friends.” 1 
 
 Not content, however, with the expense of a town house, Zoffany 
 at this time launched out still further, and took also a riverside residence. 
 
 Whether this was the house at Chiswick now known as Zoffany House, 
 or whether it was the house bearing the same name at Strand-on-the- 
 Green, facing the river, and in which he afterwards resided, is not clear, 
 but the evidence is in favour of the latter. 
 
 Wherever it was, he certainly made considerable use of it, and, as 
 was the fashion of the day, had his own sailing-yacht and used to give 
 concerts on board. 
 
 Mrs. Oldfield called the boat “ a shallop,” and tells us that it was 
 painted green, pink and drab, while the servants were put into a magnifi- 
 cent livery of scarlet and gold with blue facings, the heraldic colours 
 of the coat-of-arms that had been granted to him by the Empress Maria 
 Theresa, while on the shoulder-knots appeared the Zoffany crest of a 
 sprig of clover in silver between buffalo’s horns rising out of a baron’s 
 coronet. 
 
 She has a vivid remembrance of her grandfather’s chief waterman, 
 Humphreys, clad in this resplendent array. 
 
 In order to gain access to his vessel, Mrs. Oldfield tells us that 
 Zoffany had a summer-house built opposite to the house, fastened on 
 to a tree and projecting partly over the river, and that there was an 
 overhead passage made from the house right across the road in order to 
 reach it. 
 
 She says it was used for music parties, could accommodate many 
 people, and contained a harpsichord, several harps, and various other 
 musical instruments. 
 
 These recollections confirm us in the opinion that the riverside 
 residence was at Strand-on-the-Green, as there are traditions in the 
 former place, on the part of old inhabitants, of such a summer-house having 
 existed, and, moreover, there are facing the house the remains of some 
 woodwork and of a tree that might well have been used to sustain it, 
 and the road is so narrow at the spot that the idea of an overhead passage- 
 way crossing the road is not a preposterous one. 
 
 Mrs. Oldfield’s memory is to the effect that this overhead passage- 
 way, composed of rough timbers, was wholly erected in the course of one 
 night in consequence of a promise made by the Prince of Wales that he 
 
 1 Mrs. Papendiek, 136 . 
 
Wakefield photo 
 
 VIEW OF STRAND-ON-THE-GREEN SHOWING THE HOUSE IN WHICH ZOFFANY LIVED 
 
 
ZOFFANY’S LATER WORK 69 
 
 would attend one of the concerts on Zoffany’s shallop and afterwards drink 
 tea at his house with Mrs. Zoffany. 
 
 This is not at all unlikely, as Mrs. Papendiek also refers to the sailing- 
 vessel and to the concert in the following passage — 
 
 “ This spring, 1781, the whole of the Royal family returned to 
 Kew, to stay till after the prorogation of Parliament, which brought 
 back for a time our former pleasures with increased gaieties. The 
 nobility, on fine afternoons, came up in boats, other boats being 
 filled with bands of music, to take the Prince to the promenade at 
 Richmond. His Royal Highness was always accompanied by his 
 governor and sub-governor, and returned for the Queen’s party in 
 the evening. Mr. Zoffany had a decked sailing-vessel, elegantly 
 and conveniently fitted up, on board of which we frequently went, 
 the Bachs being of the party. He used to take his pupil, as he wished 
 to give her every opportunity of being heard. She sang with Madame 
 Bach, whose voice was beautiful on the water.” 1 
 
 To the Bachs whom she mentions here, she again refers in the following 
 year, mentioning Zoffany as one of the chief mourners at Bach’s funeral. 
 
 Thus she writes — 
 
 “ Dear, amiable Bach, after being for several months in a declining 
 state, was now removed to Paddington for change of air. Some 
 kind friends never forsook him, and I believe few days passed without 
 one or other of our family seeing him. The Zoffanys, poor Abel, 
 and others supplied him entirely with provisions sent ready prepared. 
 Mr. Papendiek saw him every day, and assisted him by many kind 
 acts, which are all the more comforting when done by the hand of 
 one we love. Here I urged him to close the eyes of his beloved friend 
 in happiness, by offering marriage to his prot£g£e, Miss Cantilo, 
 but on that subject Mr. Papendiek was deaf to entreaty. The last 
 visit we paid was together with my father and mother. Bach, on 
 taking a final leave, joined our hands — I think now I see his enchant- 
 ing smile. Not a word was said : we were motionless. . . . 
 This great patron was carried to the grave and buried with the 
 attendance only of four friends, my father, Mr. Papendiek, Zoffany 
 and Bautebart, but they were indeed sincere mourners. They 
 deposited their charge, who was a Roman Catholic, in St. Pancras’ 
 churchyard. The Queen, finding how things were, could not 
 undertake the debts, but the funeral expenses she discharged, and 
 gave the coachman £100, which he had lent to his master.” 2 
 
 1 Mrs. Papendiek, I. 138. 2 Ibid. 150. 
 
70 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 We learn something of the nature of these concerts on the river 
 from the notable picture which Zoffany painted in 1779-81 (R.A., 85) for 
 his friend William Sharp, representing him and his family on board their 
 yacht in the Thames, Fulham Church being visible in the background. 
 
 This fine picture, for which the artist was paid eight hundred guineas, 
 we are enabled, by the courtesy of its present owner, Mr. Granville Lloyd 
 Baker, to reproduce in these pages, and it is of interest to notice on the 
 right of the Church a house with balconies which belonged to William 
 Sharp, but which was usually inhabited by Granville Sharp the Philan- 
 thropist, and from which the family were wont to emerge when they went 
 on board the yacht for their afternoon concert. 
 
 Of this picture Walpole w r rites on his catalogue : “ The Sharps in 
 their barge, a musical family who went every summer on the river in a 
 large vessel in which were.” [wc.] “ The figures are most natural and 
 
 highly finished, but a great want of keeping on the whole.” 
 
 Zoffany’s house, which is still standing in the little hamlet of Strand- 
 on-the-Green, on the Middlesex side of Kew Bridge, a very few minutes’ 
 walk from the end of the bridge, somewhat resembled it. It appears to 
 be an early Queen Anne house, with a central porch, and windows on either 
 side. Zoffany’s studio is a later erection, and is built out from the back 
 of the house overlooking the garden. The bay window of it rests on 
 columns. There are three windows forming the bay. It is possible that 
 this room was added to and improved as a studio by the addition of this 
 triple bay. There is an interesting old staircase in the house with a 
 fine carved newel-post. Many of the rooms are panelled, and attached 
 to two of the bedrooms are the original powder-closets. 
 
 There is a small walled-in garden in the rear of the house. It over- 
 looks the river, and there is still only a narrow path between it and the 
 Thames. 
 
 At one time the windows of one storey had balconies, which were 
 later on removed, as they were found to be unsafe. According to some 
 of the older inhabitants of the hamlet, the windows on both of the upper 
 storeys possessed balconies, and from the centre of the upper one there 
 opened a doorway. This, no doubt, was the door to the overhead passage 
 already named. 
 
 The house that Zoffany occupied in Chiswick called “ London Style ” 
 (see p. 44) we have not been able to identify, but its appearance is 
 shown us in a water-colour drawing by Thomas Rowlandson, one of our 
 illustrations. 
 
 This shows a pretty countrified residence with sloping lawns and high 
 trees. The drawing 1 is inscribed “ Mr. Zoffany’s House in Chiswick,” 
 1 We have to thank Messrs. Knoedler for supplying us with a photograph of it. 
 

ZOFFANY’S LATER WORK 
 
 7 1 
 
 and was exhibited at Messrs. Knoedler’s Exhibition of Rowlandson’s Work 
 in New York in 1915. 
 
 The Sharp’s cottage communicated by an underground passage with 
 Fulham House, where William Sharp and his family lived, so that it was 
 easy for all the members of this talented family to come together when a 
 concert was in view. 
 
 The whole family was well-known for its musical talent, and George III 
 and Queen Charlotte often drank tea in the yacht and listened to the 
 music. 
 
 The picture of the Sharp family in question is, of course, over- 
 crowded, but Sharp desired that the entire family should be represented 
 in it, and so there are, including the boatman and his boy, no less than 
 fifteen people depicted, together with their instruments, the very names 
 of which appear strange and curious in our ears. 
 
 Mrs. Prowse (Elizabeth Sharp) is at the harpsichord, 1 Mr. James 
 Sharp holds a serpent, Miss Judith a lute, while other mysterious-looking 
 wind-instruments, the hautboy and theorbo are resting on the top of the 
 harpsichord, and in the hand of Granville Sharp is a double flageolet. 
 
 The present owner of the painting, to whom it came from his grand- 
 mother, who is the baby in the picture, remembers the boatman’s boy, 
 who in his childhood in 1848 was still living in Fulham, and who 
 recalled sitting for his portrait. 
 
 He stated that the picture was a long time in course of execution, 
 as it was not easy to get sittings from all the family nor from the boatman, 
 who had a strong dislike to sitting at all. 
 
 The dog in the picture belonged to Zoffany, and was called Poma. 
 It was much attached to the Sharps, and when its master was painting 
 the picture, left him and settled down at the feet of Mrs. Francis Sharp, 
 and accordingly so appeared in the picture. 
 
 As a representation of expression the painting is one of remarkable 
 ability, there is a vivacity about many of the persons depicted which is 
 exactly what is desired, but this criticism cannot be applied without 
 reserve, for some of those in the group are quite the reverse, dull, apathetic 
 and formal, while the grouping is so artificial and so insecure, especially 
 considering that the scene is a sailing-boat, that the general effect of 
 the composition is marred. 2 The lady at the harpsichord, the philan- 
 thropist who leans towards her, the child near, the older man with the 
 serpent, the boatman behind, are all admirable, and as a document 
 representing a phase of Georgian life that has wholly passed away, nothing 
 
 1 See details concerning the picture in the Appendix. 
 
 2 A criticism on the picture from the Earwig has already been quoted, see 
 
 p. 9. 
 
72 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 can be more delightful, while in colouring and in technique it is one of 
 Zoffany’s best works, but as a composition it leaves a great deal to be 
 desired. 
 
 Zoffany is also stated to have painted a separate portrait of Mrs. 
 Prowse, the lady at the harpsichord, and to have carried out this work 
 at her country residence, Wicken Park, Northamptonshire, an estate which 
 at her death went to her husband’s nephew, Sir Charles Mordaunt, whose 
 descendant, the late Sir Charles Mordaunt, sold it to Lord Penrhyn. 
 While waiting for an opportunity to carry out this portrait (which cannot 
 at present be traced), the artist caught hold of the door of an old 
 travelling-chaise, and on it painted the portrait of Jonathan, Mrs. Prowse ’s 
 gardener at Clare Hall, and this clever work belongs to the Rev. C. C. 
 Murray Browne, whose wife was great-grand-niece to Mrs. Prowse, 
 Granville Sharp’s sister. 
 
 On his return home Zoffany, it should be stated, had at once taken up 
 his old position in the Royal Academy, and, by reason of his success in 
 India, received more attention at the hands of his colleagues than before. 
 Thus it was he who took the leading part in the difficulty, which ensued 
 in 1789, concerning the election of Bonomi as an Associate, and the desire 
 of Reynolds that the position of Professor of Perspective, vacant since the 
 death of Samuel Wale in 1786, should be given to this man. 
 
 Joseph Bonomi was a native of Rome, who had come to England at 
 the request of the Brothers Adam to help in their architectural and 
 decorative work. He had settled down in England, and adopted it as 
 his permanent home, but many of the Academicians were opposed to 
 him because he was a foreigner, and also because, up to that time, he 
 had not become a member of the Academy. Reynolds had taken up his 
 cause somewhat strongly, and had been injudicious in supporting Bonomi 
 as a candidate for the Chair, prior to his election into the Academy as 
 an Associate. If he had waited till after the election, he would have 
 deprived Bonomi ’s adversaries of their strongest argument ; that he was 
 being elected for the purpose of becoming Professor. Bonomi was put 
 up for election in 1789. The voting was equal. Reynolds as President 
 gave it in favour of his protege. A year later there was a vacancy in the 
 ranks of the Academicians, in consequence of the death of Jeremiah 
 Meyer, and Bonomi offered himself for election. His opponents were 
 supporting the claim of Edward Edwards, who temporarily had filled 
 the position of Professor of Perspective. They, however, abandoned him 
 and decided to support Fuseli, another foreigner, but then ensued a 
 controversy respecting the rule which stated that the candidate for the 
 Professorship must submit a drawing. Edwards declined to submit any 
 drawings, but Bonomi ’s drawings were produced, and Reynolds himself 
 
,/ tZqphmy. >77.9 
 
 '//■?/) //>/ f /'///<• / ■ 
 
 fl/y/n, 1 Via Ofafa/naY /tu&sA*' im- Y/s. //?J.}f<1:U/>y?- ofY 
 £&// &/VMS, r’f/iMsjfo;?/ ^Sa/ce/fs 
 
ZOFFANY’S LATER WORK 
 
 73 
 
 placed them upon the table. Some of the Academicians objected to 
 their introduction as premature. Reynolds desired to explain and was 
 refused a hearing, and then Fuseli was elected Academician by an over- 
 whelming majority. Thereupon Reynolds left the chair, and the follow- 
 ing day resigned his position as President of the Academy. His opponents 
 made matters much worse by preparing the notice of a General Assembly, 
 which was to be held on March 3, 1790, “ to consider a resolution thanking 
 Sir Joshua for his able and efficient Presidency,” and sending it to him 
 signed only by the Secretary and by the hands of the Academy errand- 
 boy, in the form of a note closed with a wafer, which Miss Earlana, who 
 describes the whole difficulty, 1 says was “ an informality which Sir Joshua 
 took as a studied insult.” The resolution accepting the President’s 
 resignation was, however, carried at the meeting, and a further resolution 
 also passed, summoning another General Assembly to elect a new Presi- 
 dent. Then Zoffany appears to have stepped into the breach, and he 
 drew up an address, which was signed by Barry, Opie, Northgate, 
 Nollekens, Rigaud, Sandby and himself, expressing approval of the 
 President’s action in exhibiting Bonomi’s drawings. It was presented to 
 Reynolds, copies appeared in the paper, public attention was drawn to the 
 quarrel, and various pamphlets were issued. A reconciliation speedily took 
 place, the idea of electing a new President was abandoned, and a deputa- 
 tion was appointed to wait upon Reynolds, and ask him to withdraw his 
 resignation. He consented to do so, and invited the deputation to dine 
 with him. The King then requested Reynolds to resume the President- 
 ship; he did so, and the whole squabble was quickly smoothed over, 
 and the council of March 18 was presided over by Sir Joshua. 
 
 Of the paintings which the artist exhibited at this time, special mention 
 must be given to one which he called “ A Conversation,” and sent to the 
 Royal Academy in 1782 (No. 53). As we learn from Walpole’s notes, 
 this represented none other than the notorious John Wilkes and his 
 celebrated daughter Polly. Walpole’s comments are thus : “ Mr. and 
 Miss Wilkes — horridly like.” 
 
 The painting belongs to Sir George Sherston Baker, to whom it has 
 come in direct succession from his great-grandmother, Mary Wilkes, the 
 sister of the celebrated old politician. “ The Merry, Cock-eyed, Curious- 
 looking Sprite,” as Byron called him, was at that time Chamberlain of the 
 City of London, and had recently done valiant service in connection with 
 the Gordon riots. He had, greatly to the indignation of some of his 
 opponents, also retained his Alderman’s gown, which he had worn since 
 1771, and he was still Member for Middlesex, a seat he was to hold for 
 another eight years. 
 
 1 See John Opie and His Circle, by Miss Earland, p. 80. 
 
74 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Fie was just commencing bis estrangement from Charles James Fox, 
 whose loyal supporter he had been, but in the very year in which this 
 amazing portrait was painted Fox had not only “ tried to prevent,” says 
 Mr. Bleackley, “ the resolution concerning the Middlesex election from 
 being expunged from the journals of the House,” but had “ retired from 
 office because he disapproved of Shelburne as Rockingham’s successor,” 
 and, furthermore, “ had rent the party in twain by a coalition with Lord 
 North, the late Tory Premier.” All this completely upset the old Whig, 
 who became more independent than ever, came out in violent opposition 
 to the Coalition Government under North, but mirabile dictu “ began to 
 be a regular attender at the King’s levee.” 1 
 
 Here in the painting Zoffany had cleverly set the head of Wilkes on 
 one side, turned towards his daughter, whom he is regarding in a some- 
 what leering fashion, with that strange and intense affection which he 
 poured forth upon her alone, and by this clever stratagem the cross-eyed 
 appearance of the old demagogue is less noticeable than it would other- 
 wise have been. “ Polly ” stands erect by his side, holding his hand, 
 “ a fine figure of a woman,” and Poma the dog, whose portrait we have 
 just seen in the Sharp picture (see p. 71), lies at her feet. The con- 
 ception is excellent, the portraits both of them admirable, and the 
 costumes painted with exceeding skill and ability, the details of the 
 ribbons, gloves, buttons, etc., marvellous in their truth and finish. 
 
 As a group Zoffany seldom surpassed this delightful portrait, it is so 
 natural and so well-composed. 
 
 Walpole, of course, poked clever fun at it ; writing to the Countess of 
 Upper Ossory on November 14, he thus speaks of it — 
 
 “ There, too, you will see a delightful piece of Wilkes looking — 
 no, squinting — tenderly at his daughter. It is a caricature of the 
 Devil acknowledging Miss Sin in Milton, and I do not know why, 
 but they are under a palm-tree which has not grown in a free country 
 for some centuries.” 2 
 
 Walpole is unfair in one part of his criticism, if not in all. The tree 
 does not bear the least resemblance to a palm. The picture was executed, 
 so far as is known, in the garden of the Balcony House, Elysium Row, 
 Fulham, Wilkes’ country residence, and the view in the background is of 
 the Thames, and painted with some dexterity in the Wilson manner. 
 
 This was not the only portrait Zoffany painted of Wilkes. He was 
 also responsible for the group which belongs to Colonel Prideaux Brune, 
 
 1 Life of Wilkes, by Horace Bleackley, 1917, p. 373- 
 
 2 Walpole’s Letters, Toynbee edit., XI. 53. 
 
Coll, of Col. Prideaux Brune 
 
 JOHN WILKES AND SERGEANT GLYNN 
 
Coll, of the Rev. R. Holden Middleton photo 
 
 PORTRAIT OF THE RIGHT HONOURABLE CHARLES JAMES FOX (1749-1806) 
 
ZOFFANY’S LATER WORK 75 
 
 to which we have already made brief allusion, as it belongs to an earlier 
 period {circa 1768). 
 
 In it Wilkes and Sergeant Glynn are represented in conversation. 
 Wilkes holds in his hand a paper endorsed “ Wilkes, Esq., v. The Earl of 
 Halifax ” alluding to the celebrated warrant of arrest, and signed by his 
 pugilistic legal-adviser John Reynolds. 
 
 Glynn is carefully considering the knotty question Wilkes is submit- 
 ting to him, while on the table rests a copy of Magna Charta, and near 
 by is a medallion of the patriot Hampden. The composition is clever, 
 well-fitted to commemorate the most striking episode in the career of 
 the old Whig leader, and with the exception of one hand, is admirably 
 painted. The various adjuncts are ably combined to form parts of the 
 picture, and not to detract from the general effect of it. 
 
 Another group, even more attractive, belongs to the same year as the 
 portrait of Wilkes and Polly. This is the painting belonging to Mr. Harry 
 Verney, and representing an old gentleman and his two sisters seated. 
 The man is Charles Hope Vere, youngest son of the first Earl of Hope- 
 toun and great-grandfather of the present owner of the picture, while 
 the two ladies are Lady Christian Graham and Lady Charlotte Erskine, 
 who afterwards became Lady Mar. With his customary aptitude for 
 introducing accessories that bear upon the subject of the painting, Zoffany 
 has put into the hands of Lady Christian Graham the Gazette Extraordinary , 
 dated London 1782, which contained an account of the battle of Gibraltar, 
 the first naval engagement in which Mr. Hope Vere’s son (afterwards 
 Admiral Sir George Hope) took part, and then to add to the family 
 interest in the painting, he has placed between the two ladies a pole 
 firescreen on which is represented their own home, Blackwood. 
 
 This screen is still in the possession of one branch of the family, while 
 the little round table on which Lady Charlotte has placed her book 
 and spectacles, belongs to the owner of the picture, and stands in the 
 room in which it hangs— near at hand. Mr. Hope Vere, of serious 
 countenance, is dressed in the scarlet costume of the Archers, with his 
 bow and arrows beside him. He holds between his fingers a book that he 
 has been reading, on which Zoffany has marked 1782, the date of the 
 painting, and he wears round his neck the badge of the famous Corps 
 to which he belonged. The two ladies are delightfully posed, and Lady 
 Charlotte especially, looking out from the room, in arch expression, is 
 evidently quite enjoying the opportunity of having her portrait painted. 
 The group is delightful, simple, restrained, dignified, a striking example 
 of Zoffany at his very best. 
 
 Of the other pictures exhibited at this time we have been able to find 
 one of the theatrical groups, and that is a portrait, so Walpole tells us, of 
 
76 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Baddeley the actor. Zoffany called it “ A Character in the School for 
 Scandal .” It was Baddeley represented as Moses, and it now belongs to 
 Mrs. Flutchinson, and was exhibited in the Whitechapel Gallery in 1910 
 (No. 122). 
 
 The other theatrical group, also styled by Zoffany “ A Character,” 
 but which Walpole says was Morigi in Viaggiatori Felici — in comic opera, 
 we have not been able to find, 1 2 nor could we trace with certainty three 
 portraits which Zoffany exhibited and which W 7 alpole tells us represented — 
 
 Mr. Sympson, Musician (1782, No. 1). 
 
 Mr. Ma . . . [name undecipherable] (1783, No. 44). 
 
 2 Mr. Maddison (1784, No. 2). 
 
 nor two other anonymous portraits to which Walpole does not allude 
 at all — 
 
 A Young Lady (1781, No. 175). 
 
 A Gentleman (1781, No. 223). 3 
 
 The Mr. Chase, whose portrait Zoffany exhibited in 1784 (No. 98), 
 was a well-known raconteur of the day, and his portrait is at Burderop 
 Park and belongs to General Calley. 4 * * 
 
 The only other group of the exhibited works remaining for notice 
 is that which Zoffany styled “ Girl with W r ater Cresses,” and which he 
 sent in to the Royal Academy in 1780, No. 204. This was the subject 
 of an engraving in mezzotint by Young, dated 1785, and the original 
 picture, together with the companion portrait called The Flower Girl,” 
 belongs to Lord Revelstoke. 
 
 It was at one time a cherished possession belonging to Mr. Moberley 
 Bell, the Editor of The Times , and eventually came into the hands of 
 
 1 It is possible that the picture belonging to Mrs. Asquith may be the work in 
 question, or the scene depicted in the painting now in Berlin which once belonged 
 to Mr. T. Humphry Ward. 
 
 2 This is, we certainly believe, the portrait of Mr. Maddison, now belonging to Mr. 
 Lane. It is dated 1783 and came to light while these pages were in the press. See p. 79. 
 
 3 One portrait which he sent in before he left for India (1780, No. 163) and which 
 Walpole says represented John Burke, we believe we have identified, but unfortunately 
 the owner of it declines to give us permission to mention it, or to give the slightest 
 clue which would enable his name or his residence to transpire. Mr. Perce’v al’s group 
 depicts a Mr. Burke and his family. 
 
 4 Of this picture exhibited at the Academy after Zoffany had left for India, the 
 
 critic in the Morning Post thus spoke — 
 
 “ This artist (Zoffany) is gone to the East Indies and we should have had no 
 additional cause for regret had he taken his picture along with him.” This particular 
 
 critic seems to have had a spite against Zoffany, his criticisms were generally unfavourable. 
 

ZOFFANY’S LATER WORK 
 
 77 
 
 Messrs. Colnaghi, from whom Mr. Thomas Baring acquired it and the 
 companion work. He has lately passed them over to their present owner. 
 
 Such other information as we know of Zoffany at this period, comes 
 to us from Walpole or from Mrs. Papendiek. 
 
 Walpole says that in 1781 Zoffany was robbed, and he thus alludes 
 to the story : In a letter to the Countess of Upper Ossory, dated October 
 17, 1781, he says that “ Zoffany, the painter, was robbed, and his footman 
 was ready to take his bible to the person of a haberdasher intimate of the 
 corn-factor, but Mr. Smallwares proved an alibi , and the corn-factor gave 
 a ball — and none but the dancers acquit him — and so much for an idle 
 story.” In the same letter he has already referred to the corn-factor in 
 relation to his own robbery, when Lady Browne and he were going to 
 the Duchess of Montrose’s at Twickenham Park, when “ she lost a trifle 
 and he nine guineas,” and says that the “ great corn-factor, who is in bad 
 odour here on the highway, arrived at the ‘ George ’ a moment after or 
 before our robbery and was suspected, and my footman thought he could 
 swear to the horse.” Walpole, on this occasion, says he slipped his 
 watch up his sleeve, and Lady Browne, it is stated, had the presence of 
 mind to hand the thief a purse of bad money, which she had been in the 
 habit of carrying in case of such an attack. 1 
 
 Mrs. Papendiek ’s notes then refer to her own and her sister’s portraits 
 which Zoffany painted, but despite the most careful inquiries we have not 
 been able to find either of these interesting works. In 1782, she writes — 
 
 “ On this eventful day, my mother and I were taking a quiet dinner 
 at Zoffany’s when Mr. Papendiek came to conduct us home imme- 
 diately. It was then about four o’clock. Every shop was shut, and 
 only a few stragglers were to be seen in the streets, hurrying home 
 like ourselves, while at the House multitudes had collected. All 
 was dismay, discontent, and want of confidence, and so it continued 
 for some time — until the change, in fact, was settled, when Pitt’s 
 long administration began. 
 
 “ Nothing of private interest marked our stjour at St. James’s, 
 and we moved to Kew as usual ; but before our return thither 
 Mr. Zoffany began my sister’s portrait, which, when finished, was 
 an excellent likeness, and was a great solace to my mother when some 
 years later she died.” 2 
 
 Again in the same year she thus writes — 
 
 “ On Christmas Day ... I now sat for the first time to Zoffany 
 for my portrait. I passed the day with them, the Farrens met us 
 
 1 Walpole s Lelters, Toynbee edit., XII., 64 and 66. 2 Mrs. Papendiek, I. 156. 
 
78 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 at dinner, and in the evening we all repaired to Drury Lane to see 
 Miss Farren act. I am ashamed to say I have forgotten in what.” 1 
 
 Her second sitting for the portrait took place in the following January, 
 and was speedily followed by the third and final sitting, and it is in the 
 notes concerning these that we learn of the permission given to Zoffany 
 by George III, that in his forthcoming journey to the East he might 
 assume the name and style of a knight rather than that of a baron, which 
 was singularly inappropriate for him. Mrs. Papendiek thus writes — 
 
 “ A few days after this, I went to Zoffany’s for the second sitting 
 of my picture. A dreary morning in winter, and the fidget of not 
 being at home to receive Mr. Papendiek added to the cramped attitude 
 for many hours, no doubt caused the expression of countenance so 
 distasteful to my family. I reached home in time for dinner, which 
 seemed to please, and the smiles returned. The arrangements in 
 the house I had made were highly approved of, particularly that of 
 Mr. Papendiek’s own room, where he could, and did, have his friends 
 to practise their duets, etc., with him.” 
 
 And again 2 — 
 
 “ After this party, my third and last sitting to Zoffany took place , 3 
 and then he sailed for India. He was permitted to assume the title 
 of Sir John Zoffany, by the King, as he thought it more appropriate 
 than that of Baron, which had been conferred upon him by the 
 Emperor Joseph II (really by the Empress Maria Theresa) at Vienna. 
 Poor Mrs. Zoffany, with her little girls, Theresa and Cecilia, went 
 down to Strand-of-the-Green after depositing her jewels, plate 
 and other valuables with her banker ; disposing of the superfluous 
 furniture, and letting the house in Albemarle Street. We just saw 
 her, but she was too wretched to be amongst her friends. Her 
 loss was indeed great to me. Zoffany stayed in India fourteen years , 4 
 and then returned to England, where he remained till his death in 
 1810.” 5 
 
 Two more pieces of information are all we have to record concerning 
 Zoffany before he left for India. 
 
 1 Mrs. Papendiek, I. 173. 2 Ibid. 182. 
 
 3 We have tried, hard, to find these portraits of Mrs. Papendiek and her sister 
 
 (nee Albert). Our five letters xo the Delves-Broughton family have all remained 
 
 unanswered ! 
 
 This was not correct, see p. 66. 5 Mrs. Papendiek, 184. 
 
• ’OkTHAIT ()!•' MR. JOHN M ADD I SON 
 ’HI .MK U'AKDI. \ ()|- tub (iOM)SMITI is’ COMPANY 
 1 ' ZOI-’l-'AN'i K.A., SIONBI) \NI) DATHI) I7N3 
 tin <n lU'ctiim of Mr. John l.trnc 
 

Coll, of Sir Cosmo G. Antrobus, Bart. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF BOSWELL 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PORTRAIT OF JAMES BOSWELL 
 From the collections of Sir W. J. Alexander and George Hibbert 
 

 
ZOFFANY’S LATER WORK 
 
 79 
 
 From a note in The Morning Herald of January 6, 1783, we learn that 
 he wrote to Dr. Johnson before he left, praying for the honour of painting 
 his portrait, and that Johnson sat twice to him. Unfortunately the only 
 portrait of Johnson by Zoffany that we have been able to identify, is the 
 very small representation of him in the group depicting Mrs. Garrick’s 
 tea-party, in the possession of the Earl of Durham. 
 
 Probably the more important work executed in 1783 still exists, but 
 the painter of it has not been recognised. 
 
 The extract reads thus — - 
 
 “ Mr. Zoffany, the celebrated painter, within these few days paid 
 a compliment to merit which will greatly redound to his honour. 
 He sent a card to Dr. Johnson, informing him that he was about 
 to leave the kingdom but could not depart without having the 
 pleasure to take the portrait of a man whom all the world admired 
 and esteemed ; he hoped, therefore, the Doctor would please sit 
 for his picture that he might have the honour to present it to him 
 when finished. The Doctor was much pleased with the attention 
 and respect paid to him by Zoffani, and has already sat twice to him.” 
 
 It may be well to mention here in connection with Johnson’s name 
 that Zoffany painted a small portrait of Boswell, which is now in the posses- 
 sion of Sir Cosmo Antrobus. Another belongs to Messrs. Cradock & Co. 
 
 Finally we learn that Mr. Maddison of the Goldsmith’s Company, 
 whose portrait Zoffany exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1784, was his 
 stockbroker, and he was, so Mr. Tennyson has discovered, one of the 
 artist’s securities with the East India Company in connection with his 
 journey to India, and, says Mrs. Papendiek, had much to do “ with 
 the preparations for his departure, managing all his affairs for him.” 
 
 She adds, that the portrait of Maddison was engraved, but in this we 
 fancy she must have been in error. 1 
 
 At this time Zoffany was styling himself Baron von Zoffany, greatly 
 to the displeasure of many of his friends and to the indignation of persons 
 in Court circles, as George III had never given him permission to assume 
 his title in England, and had, indeed, viewed the patent and the pre- 
 tentions of the artist to noble rank with some scorn. 
 
 Later on, however, when Zoffany was actually starting for India, he 
 was permitted, so he gave out, to style himself Sir John Zoffany, and it 
 was under this form, it has been stated, he took, or tried to take, a passage 
 in the sailing-vessel. 
 
 1 Mrs. Papendiek, I. 281. The picture has recently been discovered and now 
 belongs to Mr. John Lane. It is illustrated here and described in the appendix 
 ( see p. 76). 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 ZOFFANY IN INDIA — 1783-1789 
 
 We have already mentioned that William Hodges, with whom Zoffany 
 was on friendly terms, had taken his place in Captain Cook’s expedition, 
 and had returned laden with sketches and studies. 
 
 Since then Hodges had gone on to India, where we are told he secured 
 the patronage of Warren Hastings, and speedily obtained many com- 
 missions. 
 
 He appears to have written home to Zoffany, telling him of his success, 
 and from other artists who were working in the same country, Zoffany 
 heard so many tales of rich fees and generous commissions that he 
 determined, he, also, would try his luck in the East. 
 
 His fortune, owing to reckless extravagance, was fast melting away, 
 and as he hated to reduce his expenditure, more money was urgently 
 needed, so, as we mentioned in our last chapter, he let his studio in 
 Albemarle Street, packed off his wife and family to the riverside villa at 
 Strand-on-the-Green, and set sail for India in 1783 (not in 1780, as has 
 been stated in error), buoyed up by great expectations of success. 
 
 He was bound for Lucknow, where Paul Sandby said he expected 
 “ to roll in gold dust,” and where eventually he was certainly to make a 
 definite success, but even he, with ample commissions, even more than 
 he could carry out, was not wholly satisfied with the result of his journey, 
 so boundless were his visions of “ limitless gold and lacs of rupees.” 
 
 That he actually left London as “ Sir John ” Zoffany cannot be 
 stated. The records of the India Office give us no information on that 
 point, and as to his obtaining Royal permission to adopt the title, we have 
 the gravest of doubts, but he certainly used it while in India, and there are 
 allusions to him as “ Sir John ” in connection with the pictures he was 
 to paint for Colonel Martin and in the correspondence concerning the 
 altar-piece at St. John’s Church, Calcutta. 
 
 Mr. William Foster of the India Office has been good enough to make 
 an exhaustive search in the records for information concerning Zoffany’s 
 voyages to and from India, and to place the results at our disposal. Our 
 very hearty thanks are tendered to him, and with special gratitude, because 
 
 80 
 
Coll, of the Lord Tcignmouth 
 
 Hazcll photo 
 
 PORTRAIT OF THE NAWAB WAZIR OF OUDH 
 Presented to Sir John Shore by the Nawfib, in 1798 
 
 

 
 
 
8i 
 
 ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 
 
 our own search, not merely casual, but one which extended over a 
 prolonged period, was not rewarded, as we had hoped it would have 
 been ; although we were able to discover some new information concerning 
 the painter’s works and his acquaintance with Colonel Martin. 
 
 Mr. Foster has found in the Court Minutes, under date November 20, 
 1782, that a petition was read from “ Mr. John Zoffani for leave to proceed 
 to India, and to provide for himself there in his profession of a Painter.” 
 
 It was referred to a Committee for consideration, and on November 
 27, 1782, the Court Minutes state that “ leave was given to proceed, but 
 not in any of the Company’s ships.” 
 
 The Petition is recorded in the Miscellaneous Letters Received and it 
 shows that the request was endorsed by Mr. Jacob Wilkinson, one of the 
 Directors of the Company. 
 
 The matter came again before the Court on January 22, 1783, when 
 Zoffany’s securities were approved. They were John Maddison of 
 Charing Cross, to whom we have already alluded (see p. 79), and Robert 
 Preston of Lime Street. 
 
 Notwithstanding the prohibition against Zoffany going out in any 
 of the East India Company’s ships, he did actually sail, Mr. Foster has 
 ascertained, in the East Indiaman Lord Macartney , but under a subterfuge 
 as a midshipman ! In a list of officers and seamen prefixed to the log 
 of that vessel, 2 we find John Zoffany as one of the midshipmen, with the 
 added item of “ Run ( i.e . deserted) at Calcutta, September 15, 1783.” 
 Probably, Mr. Foster suggests, this entry was but a further piece of 
 deception to cover Zoffany’s quitting the ship. 
 
 The Lord Macartney sailed from the Downs on January 17, 1783, 
 reached Madras July 22, and Kedgeree for Calcutta on September 13. 
 
 For what reason he was prohibited from using an East Indiaman we 
 do not know, but it is clear that he carried out his original determination 
 despite the prohibition. 
 
 The Commander of the Lord Macartney was one Captain Pierce, a 
 man of some cultivation, of whom a chronicler says, “ He had a great 
 taste for the polite arts, and was the means of making the fortune of 
 Mr. Zoffany the painter, by taking him to India, and recommending him 
 there.” This Captain Pierce made his last voyage in charge of the East 
 Indiaman The Halswelle, which, on its outward voyage, was wrecked 
 near St. Alban’s Head, on the Dorsetshire coast, on January 6, 1786, the 
 tragic story, says Mr. Whitley, 3 causing “ a sensation in England, some- 
 thing akin to that occasioned by the sinking of the Titanic in our own 
 times.” The wreck was suggested as a subject suitable for pictorial 
 
 1 Vol. 7 1, No. hi. 2 India Office Marine Logs, 415a. 
 
 3 Gainsborough, by W. T. Whitley, p. 254. 
 
 G 
 
82 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 representation, and Northcote took it up, and exhibited a picture at the 
 Royal Academy in the same year, entitled “ The Loss of the Halswelle, 
 East Indiaman.” 
 
 We know, moreover, that a friend from Isleworth accompanied Zoffany, 
 one Thomas Longcroft, and this we learn from some notes made by 
 Thomas Twining while in India. 
 
 He says — 
 
 “ Zoffany had a friend, Thomas Longcroft, who lived at Isle- 
 worth. He went with Zoffany to India in 1794, and the two friends 
 were together for some time. Eventually, however, they quarrelled, 
 and Longcroft left Zoffany, bought some land at Jellowllee, and 
 started as an indigo planter. When Thomas Twining went out to 
 India, he was given an introduction to Longcroft, and spent a very 
 pleasant day with him, but, owing to the fact that the person who 
 had written the letter of introduction, had not written Twining’s 
 name clearly in it, Longcroft did not realise till after his guest had 
 left that he and his guest were closely related through a mutual 
 relative named Powell. Longcroft sent a messenger after Mr. 
 Twining, striving to persuade him to return and talk over family 
 matters with him, but Mr. Twining was too far on his journey for 
 him to make the necessary arrangements, and he had to go on to 
 Lucknow, where he visited Colonel Martin, and Colonel Polier, and 
 stayed with Colonel Polier and met Zoffany. Longcroft was never 
 able to see his friend Zoffany again, and soon after Mr. Twining’s 
 visit, died all alone, having no Europeans about him.” 1 
 
 It is mentioned in the same book that Zoffany said of the Taj, 
 when he saw it at Delhi, “ it wanted nothing but a glass case to 
 cover it.” 
 
 Before we leave Longcroft it will be well to mention that he himself 
 was a skilful artist, and is declared to have been Zoffany’s pupil, receiving 
 daily instruction from him on board the vessel where they both were, 
 and proving himself an accomplished draughtsman. 
 
 Many of his sketches were, after his death, sent back to England 
 and came into the possession of his various friends, one of whom, Miss 
 Twining, presented several of them to the British Museum and others to 
 the India Office. 
 
 They are distinguished for marvellous accuracy and meticulous attention 
 to detail rather than for artistic effect. 
 
 1 Notes and Reminiscences of Thomas Twining concerning his Travels in India. 
 Published in 1893. 
 
ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 83 
 
 The representations of buildings which Longcroft made, are almost 
 as accurate as modern photographs would be. 
 
 That Zoffany was actually in Lucknow in 1784 we learn from the 
 inscriptions on the backs of two pictures now in the India Office, represent- 
 ing Asaf-ud-daula, 1 the Nawab Wazlr of Oudh, and Hasan Raza Khan 2 
 his Prime Minister. These pictures are inscribed — 
 
 “ John Zoffany painted this picture at Lucknow, a.d. 1784 by order 
 of His Highness the Nabob Vizier Asoph U 1 Dowlah [ffc] (or, in the other 
 instance, by desire of Hussein Reza Caun [ffc], Nabob Suffraz U 1 Dowlah), 
 who gave it to his servant (or in the other one ‘ friend ’) Francis Baladon 
 Thomas.” 
 
 It is clear, therefore, that Zoffany speedily found favour with the 
 Nawab, who succeeded his father Shuja ud daula 3 on the throne of Oudh 
 in 1775, and who enriched Lucknow with so many magnificent buildings, 
 and that he was one of the fortunate persons who found commissions in 
 that Court, the scene for twenty-two years of so much extravagance and 
 such shocking misgovernment. 
 
 These very same exalted personages had at a later time their portraits 
 painted in miniature by Ozias Humphry, and it was in connection with 
 work for them that Humphry contracted a very heavy debt, payment 
 of which he was never able to obtain. 
 
 The Prime Minister, Hazan Raza Khan, was, we are told, utterly 
 unfitted for the post which the Nawab gave him. He had originally been 
 only the superintendent of Shuja ud daula’s kitchen office, and is described 
 as “ an indolent voluptuary.” Tennant, 4 however, speaks of him in 1799 
 as very popular, but also describes an attempt that was made to assassinate 
 him. 
 
 Francis Baladon Thomas, from whom these two fine pictures 
 came, was a surgeon-major on the Bengal establishment and surgeon to 
 the Lucknow Residency. He was, however, dismissed from the service 
 in 1785, the year after he had received as presents these two works. 
 
 In 1786 Zoffany painted his celebrated picture of Colonel Mordaunt’s 
 “ Cock Match,” at Lucknow, one of his best-known works. 
 
 This was painted for the Nawab Wazlr of Oudh, and the original 
 painting, was, it has been often stated, destroyed during the Indian Mutiny. 
 
 Here we enter upon an interesting controversy. There are two 
 versions of the “ Cock Match ” (generally spoken of as The Cock Fight) 
 in England, one belonging to Colonel Strachey, usually known as the 
 
 1 ifjjJI i Lol 2 L ij 3 iljjJI pUr' 
 
 4 Indian Recreations, by Sir E. Tennant, II. 409. 
 
84 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Ashwick version, and one belonging to the Marquis of Tweeddale. From 
 the latter picture, Earlom made his famous mezzotint. The sporting 
 event, which is commemorated in the picture, and which created a con- 
 siderable sensation in Lucknow, took place, as we have stated, in 1786, 
 in which year Warren Hastings was in England. He therefore was not 
 a witness to the event, nor could he have seen Zoffany’s picture. He 
 perhaps heard of the merits of it, and is said to have commissioned a 
 replica of it. Zoffany, it is declared, made the replica, but did not take 
 it with him when he sailed for Europe, as he had already despatched it 
 by another vessel. On reaching England, he learned that it had been lost 
 in a wreck. He had, however, to carry out the arrangement he had 
 made with Warren Hastings, and having with him in London many of 
 his sketches and studies, he set to work with their aid to paint another 
 picture, which was duly delivered and hung at Daylesford House, 
 Warren Hastings’ country place in England. 
 
 In Once a Week for April 2, 1864, 1 is a note, signed by the initials 
 J. W. A., 2 referring to the Daylesford picture. The writer says that 
 Zoffany took the loss of his replica with philosophic equanimity, remarking 
 that it would do for Neptune’s gallery, “ that ancient collector but sorry 
 connoisseur.” This note is probably taken from the reference James 
 Elmes makes in his Art and Artists , 3 in which he thus speaks of the same 
 picture — 
 
 “ Earlom ’s print of Colonel Mordaunt’s ‘ Cock Match ’ at Luck- 
 now, from the famed picture by Zoffany, was originally painted in 
 the East Indies by commission for Governor Hastings, and shipped 
 for England. The ship was wrecked and the picture lost. Zoffany 
 fortunately took his passage in another vessel. He arrived safely, 
 and heard, with the philosophy of a stoic, that his labour was gone 
 to the gallery of that ancient collector but sorry connoisseur, old 
 Neptune. 
 
 “ Zoffany, luckily, had his original sketches and studies on board 
 his own ship. He set to work again, and made out a second picture, 
 with all the grouping, portraits of Hindoos and Gentoos, Rajahs 
 and Nabobs, of all castes and colours, that choice spirit, Jack Mor- 
 daunt, and his game-cocks into the bargain, and behold another 
 composition, a facsimile of the first. 
 
 1 Quoted by Rev. John Pickford in Notes and Queries, 6th Series, XII. 325, and see 
 X. 404. 
 
 2 Mr. Wheeler suggests that in all probability J. W. A. was John Wykeham Archer, 
 engraver and antiquary, and a recognised authority on subjects of this kind. 
 
 3 Arts and Artists, 1825, I. 12. 
 
4706 
 
Poeto-re. in possession, of Mr. Rcc/iarcf P-Struchey 
 
 1 Asaf-ud-daula 
 
 2 Nilwab Salar Jung 
 
 3 Hasan Raza Khan 
 
 4 Mr. Wheeler (afterwards Sir 
 
 Trevor) 
 
 5 Colonel Mordaunt 
 
 6 Colonel A. Polier 
 
 7 Mr. John Wombwell 
 
 8 Colonel C. Martin 
 
 9 Mr. George Johnstone 
 
 19 Mr. Gregory’: 
 
 10 Lieut. J. Pigot 
 
 11 Lieut. W. Golding 
 
 12 Mr. M. S. Taylor 
 
 13 Mr. Jas. Orr 
 
 14 Mr. Robert Gregory 
 
 15 Mr. Ozias Humphry. R.A., or 
 
 Lieut. Isaac Humphry 
 
 16 Mr. Zoffany 
 
 17 Colonel Mordaunt’s Cockfighter 
 
 18 The Nawab Wazir’s Cockfight* r 
 Cockfighter 
 
ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 85 
 
 “ The Painter kept his own counsel, the story goes, and Governor 
 Hastings was never let into the secret.” 
 
 The picture which was sent to Daylesford remained there till after 
 the death of General Sir Charles Imhof, Hastings’ stepson, when it was 
 sold for 215 guineas to Colonel Henry Dawkins, “ a neighbouring squire, 
 who had served with the Coldstream Guards in the Peninsula and at 
 Waterloo.” He possessed it at Over Norton House until 1898, and 
 while it hung in his possession it was the subject of considerable corre- 
 spondence in the pages of Notes and Queries . 1 In 1898 the picture was 
 again sold, this time fetching only 210 guineas, and it now belongs, as we 
 have already stated, to the Marquis of Tweeddale. 
 
 We now come to the Ashwick version. Mr. Stephen Wheeler, who 
 has taken considerable pains to investigate the history of the picture, 
 and to whom we are greatly indebted for references and information, 
 explains how the Ashwick version came into the possession of the Strachey 
 family. He says that, “ rather more than a century ago, the Governor- 
 General, Lord Hastings, had reason for disapproving of the way in which 
 British interests were looked after by Colonel John Baillie, whose name is 
 commemorated in the famous Baillie Guard.” It had been stated by 
 Bishop Heber that Colonel Baillie interfered too much with the “ private 
 affairs ” of the Nawab, and “ in the internal administration of the country,” 
 and there were many other complaints which had reached the Governor- 
 General, concerning what was termed “ the mischievous activity of the 
 Resident.” Accordingly, Colonel Baillie was recalled, and “ Mr. Richard 
 Strachey, of the Civil Service, was sent to Lucknow in his place.” Strachey 
 was “ the third son of the first baronet, Clive’s secretary, and he lived 
 long enough to see his own nephews, afterwards Sir John and General 
 Sir Richard Strachey, making their way to fame in India.” The new 
 Resident managed “ to repair his predecessor’s mistakes, and instead of 
 being regarded with dislike and suspicion at the Court of Lucknow, 
 became the Nawab Wazir’s warm friend.” His term of office lasted for 
 two years, and in 1817 he resigned the Service, and came home. This 
 was during the nominal viceroyalty (but practically the reign) of Ghauzea- 
 ud-Din Hyder 2 (a nephew of Asaf-ud-dowlah), who had succeeded his 
 father Saadut Ali 3 (brother of Asaf-ud-dowlah) in 1814. He received 
 several tokens of friendship before he left from the Nawab, and 
 amongst them, Zoffany’s picture of “ The Cock Match,” which now 
 belongs to his grandson, and a portrait of the Nawab himself, “ which 
 
 1 See 6th Series, XII. 325; 8th Series, VII. 288, 338, 473; 8th Series, VIII. 38, 96, 
 
 138; X. 263, 351. 
 
 2 
 
 
86 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 the recipient gave to the Oriental Club, where it now hangs.” That 
 appears to explain what became of Zoffany’s original work, but the ques- 
 tion then arises whether Zoffany had not painted, in India, a replica of 
 it, and that the usual statement that the original of the Cock Match 
 perished at the time of the Mutiny, refers to this replica. The existence of 
 such a picture is proved by two separate statements. Mrs. Fanny Parks, 
 in her Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque , refers to her 
 two visits to Lucknow, in December 1827, an d in January 1831, and on 
 the last occasion she says that, on the 24th of the month, she went on an 
 excursion to a palace, the Daulat Khana, built by Asaf-ud-daula, which 
 she says was then uninhabited, except by some of the ladies and attendants 
 of the late king’s zenana. “ We went there,” she writes, “ to see a picture 
 painted in oils by Zoffani, an Italian artist, of a match of cocks between 
 the Nawab, Ussuf-ood-Dowla, and the Resident, Colonel Mordaunt. 
 The whole of the figures are portraits, the picture excellent, but fast falling 
 into decay.” 1 Mrs. Parks, of course, was wrong in calling Zoffany 
 an Italian, and she was also in error in describing Mordaunt as the Resi- 
 dent. He never held that post, but Mr. Wheeler points out that the error 
 she makes is repeated by no less an authority than Mr. William Crooks 
 in his Things Indian , where he also mis-spells the pilgrim’s name. 
 
 Twenty-two years later than the visit of Mrs. Parks, according to a 
 writer in Notes and Queries , 2 Musawar Khan, the Court miniature painter 
 of Lucknow, was employed by an English officer stationed there to make 
 “ reduced copies, in water-colour, of Zoffany’s “ Cock Fight,” and of other 
 pictures in the Kaiser Bagh and Chutter Munzil, by permission of Wajid 
 Ali Shah,” the last King of Oudh. These copies, which, it may be pre- 
 sumed were miniatures, from the use of the word “ reduced,” were 
 stated still to be in the possession of the English officer. Plis name was 
 not given, but, at the time the commission was placed in the hands of 
 Musawar Khan, he was serving in political employ at Lucknow. We only 
 learn of the existence of these copies from the reference to them in Notes 
 and Queries. It would be exceedingly interesting if they could be traced. 
 
 Furthermore, another writer in Notes and Queries , 3 who signs himself 
 as “ Senex,” declares that he was in Lucknow before the annexation of 
 Oudh, and saw the picture in the royal palace, which was destroyed 
 “ during the Mutiny.” If these statements are correct, and there seems 
 no reason to doubt their accuracy, there must have been two versions of 
 the original picture of the Cock Match, one which was taken away 
 from India in 1817 by Mr. Strachey, and the other, which remained in 
 the country, and which was seen by Mrs. Parks and by “ Senex,” and 
 
 1 See Parks’ Wanderings of a Pilgrim, 1S50, Vol. II. 181. 
 
 2 Notes and Queries, 8th Series, VIII. 97. 3 8th Series, X. 351. 
 
ZOFFANY IN INDI A — 1783-1789 87 
 
 copied by Musawar Khan. This picture very possibly did perish in the 
 Mutiny. 
 
 We now come to consider the grave differences which exist between 
 the Ashwick and the Tweeddale version of the Cock Match, which we 
 think prove, beyond any contention, that the Ashwick version was the 
 original, and the Tweeddale picture painted in England, when Zoffany 
 had forgotten many of the circumstances connected with the original 
 events. 
 
 The Strachey painting is thoroughly oriental in its atmosphere. The 
 central group consists of four persons, three of them are natives, while 
 the fourth is Colonel Mordaunt. The attitude of the Nawab Wazir 1 
 towards Mordaunt is that of “ frank friendliness, claiming and conceding 
 equality, while in the sporting Colonel’s countenance and demeanour 
 there is an alert intelligence scarcely visible when one turns to ” the 
 Tweeddale picture. On the other hand, Nawab Salar and Hasan Raza 
 Khan, who stand between the Nawab Wazir and Mordaunt, in the Tweed- 
 dale picture appear “ keenly interested ” spectators of the Cock Fight, 
 whereas in the Ashwick picture “ their attitude show's no departure from 
 the dignified reserve which men of their position and breeding might 
 be expected to maintain in the circumstances.” Either Zoffany when 
 he was in England had altogether forgotten “ how they bore themselves, 
 or else he considered that the group would look more picturesque if all 
 the principal persons in it appeared to be thoroughly enjoying the spectacle.” 
 Either theory, Mr. Wheeler points out, would account for the variation. 
 Moreover, to return for a moment to the principal figure in the group, 
 the Nawab Wazir, in the Tweeddale picture, has lost all his courtesy 
 and friendliness, and might almost be taken for a common “ obsequious 
 bunnia.” Furthermore, the Indians who are designated in the key to 
 the engraving as the Nawab Wazlr’s cock-fighter and the Colonel’s cock- 
 fighter are treated quite differently in the two pictures. The Colonel’s 
 man, in the Ashwick version, will be recognised at once as “ a typical 
 Maratha,” an excellent example of the race which is the keenest, intel- 
 lectually, of all those in India. “ He is intent on the combat, his eager 
 face, the play of his hands, the concentrated vigilance of his regard, are 
 all vividly depicted, but from anything one could gather from the Tw'eed- 
 dale picture, the fellow might be of any race, and rather inclined to go to 
 sleep.” In the Ashwick version the other cock-fighter “ is manifestly 
 a man of Oudh, the distinction between the Maratha and the Purbiah 
 types being clearly marked.” 
 
 Compare, again, the two figures on the extreme right, Messrs. Orr 
 and Gregory. In the Strachey picture they are engaged in an animated 
 
 ^ 4]^ jJ I 
 
88 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 betting contest (see the display of their fingers) as to the merits of Mr. 
 Gregory’s and Lieut. Golding’s cocks, which the respective owners are 
 holding. In the print the two men “ might be quietly judging at a 
 poultry show,” and their original likenesses also are quite lost. Mr. 
 Gregory has also lost his hat. 
 
 Again, in the Strachey picture Zoffany has an unimportant position, 
 his head and shoulders being just visible, with palette and brushes, over 
 the top of the sofa. In the native Court as an artist, he was probably 
 only regarded as a superior kind of artificer, but in the picture painted 
 in England he is given the dignity of a chair and depicted to the waist 
 and legs. 
 
 In the Strachey picture the match is taking place in a real shamiana , 1 
 with natural scenery, in lieu of a crowd in the distance. In the print, 
 there is a sort of stage-drapery with no adequate support visible. 
 
 Another divergence should be marked in the print and the Daylesford 
 picture, “ a man in the background is stretching out his hand to catch the 
 water that pours in a copious flood from a bhisti's mussak.” “ Now, as 
 any reader acquainted with India must know, this is anything but a 
 faithful presentment of the ways of the East. In real life the hand would 
 be held, almost like a funnel, close to the thirsty one’s lip, and a minute 
 stream would trickle into it so nicely regulated that hardly a drop would 
 be lost. The bhisti and the absurdly impossible water-drinker were after- 
 thoughts, and they are not depicted in the other picture, the Ashwick 
 version. Again, in the Daylesford picture there is a group of nautch 
 girls either waiting to give a performance after the cock-fighting, or, per- 
 haps, they have already obliged the company. They are chattering, 
 moving about and gesticulating with a vivacity which is altogether at 
 variance with the usual behaviour and deportment of nautch girls. They 
 would be sitting silent and apparently very much bored, or at any rate 
 indifferent to what was going on; and so they are shown, betraying no 
 sign of motion or animation, in the Ashwick picture. Here, again, there 
 is unmistakable evidence that it was painted when the artist’s first impres- 
 sions were still distinct; whereas, when he painted the later picture, 
 they were either blurred by lapse of time or Zoffany saw fit to embellish 
 them with decorative effects which, though outrageously defiant of truth, 
 may have seemed to him more likely to suit the taste of the uninstructed 
 West.” 
 
 The single figure of a native guard in the background, clearly of 
 Dravidian type with ear-pendants and a curious headdress, possibly that 
 of the Nawab Wazir’s own troops, is omitted altogether from the Daylesford 
 version. 
 
 1 Or tented house. 
 

Original picture in the collection of the Marquis of Twccddale 
 

ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 89 
 
 The dresses of the Europeans, both officers and civilians, are in it 
 made richer, the ornamental hats and moustaches have been taken off 
 two figures (Colonel Polier and Mr. Wheeler), and the latter’s elegant, 
 crescent-pointed native shoes have been replaced by doubtful-looking 
 boots of the Hessian kind. In the Strachey work he is chatting apart, 
 side by side, with the Commandant of the British forces, Colonel Martin 
 (the latter elegantly posed), quite unconcerned by the cock-fighting, while 
 in the Daylesford picture he is seated opposite Colonel Martin and is 
 holding a new cock, one of the six which increase the early number of 
 eight to fourteen in the later work. 
 
 We think it will be granted that all these critical remarks — for most 
 of which we are indebted to Mr. Wheeler and to Mr. R. S. Strachey, 
 who both speak from an intimate knowledge of Indian affairs — tend 
 to prove the truth of our contention that the picture at Ashwick, if 
 not actually the original work, was certainly painted in India in 1786. 
 The painting, which was at Daylesford, and from which the Earlom 
 print must have been made, as Earlom did not visit India, was a later 
 composition, made more fashionable and less oriental and embellished 
 by Zoffany and his assistants with various additions which detract very 
 much from its effect, but which possibly may have made it more pleasing 
 in the eyes of those English persons who were to behold it, and who 
 knew little or nothing of native habits or native Court life. 
 
 It was evidently a popular work, inasmuch as it was considered worthy 
 of a mezzotint by Earlom. 
 
 It seems to us to be certain that Zoffany had no complete sketch for 
 the picture in his possession when he was in England, and that he inter- 
 polated various other studies he had made from time to time into the 
 composition, with what we are disposed to consider very unfortunate 
 results. 
 
 Colonel Mordaunt is the hero of the picture, and it will be of interest, 
 therefore, if we give some account of him from an Anglo-Indian paper. 1 
 
 “ John Mordaunt and his brother Henry were natural sons of an Earl 
 of Peterborough. If the dates vaguely indicated in a magazine article 
 more than a century old can be trusted, it was the fourth earl to whom 
 they owed their birth; grandson and namesake of that famous com- 
 mander, Charles Mordaunt, third earl, called by Macaulay the most 
 extraordinary character of his time. John Mordaunt was sent to school 
 by his noble parent, but does not seem to have acquired even the rudi- 
 ments of a liberal education. This, at least, may be inferred from the 
 letter in which he told a friend, “ You may kip the hos as long as you 
 lik.” He never became either a ready or a correct writer. Rather than 
 1 The Pioneer (Allahabad), January 23, 1918. 
 
9 ° 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 put his pen to paper he would travel all the way from Lucknow to Calcutta. 
 According to his own account preceptors spared no pains to make a 
 scholar of him. As nothing, he said, could be done with his brains they 
 did their best to impress instruction on the opposite seat of learning. 
 Manifestly unfitted for a learned profession the boy was removed from 
 school, and an East Indian cadetship was obtained for him. Even in 
 those days, however — it was in the latter half of the eighteenth century — 
 candidates for a commission in the Company’s military service were 
 required to show that they were not hopelessly unintelligent. There was 
 some sort of viva voce examination before a committee or board at the 
 India House in Leadenhall Street. Young Mordaunt duly appeared, 
 and at first failed ignominiously to answer a single question put to him. 
 Then one of the examiners — a friend, perhaps, of the family, and thus 
 aware that the boy was not wholly without accomplishments — asked him if 
 he knew anything about cribbage. Pulling a well-worn pack of cards out 
 of his pocket John Mordaunt offered to play a game with any of the 
 gentlemen for whatever sum they pleased. So the cards were dealt, 
 and he proceeded to give his seniors indubitable proof that there was one 
 subject in which he was competent to instruct them. He rose a winner 
 and they passed him. In after years he became noted for his proficiency 
 in all the card games then fashionable. No one was quicker to detect 
 foul play, and he could himself perform all the feats of legerdemain which 
 sharpers practice for the confusion of the unwary. On one occasion in 
 India, when he had seen enough to feel sure that his opponent was cheat- 
 ing, he took the first opportunity to deal out thirteen trumps to his own 
 hand. “ This is to show you, sir,” he calmly remarked, “ that you can’t 
 have all the fun to yourself.” He only consented to let the matter drop 
 on receiving the offender’s promise to clear out of the country. . . . 
 
 In 1782, and possibly before that date, Mordaunt was aide-de-camp 
 to Warren Hastings, in which capacity he escorted the Governor-General’s 
 wife, when she hurried from Bhagalpur to Calcutta, to join her husband 
 then lying ill. “ Sydney Grier ” quotes a letter from Mordaunt to 
 Hastings reminding him of the incident. . . . 
 
 It has been stated that Mordaunt had the honour, when on a sporting 
 expedition, of being presented to the Nawab Wazir, and that this led to 
 his entering Asaf-ud-daula’s service. Whatever may be the true facts, 
 however, there is no doubt that Mordaunt won the Nawab ’s confidence, 
 and became a person of considerable importance in the State. In addition 
 to military duties, which were not very arduous, he was more or less a 
 master of the ceremonies, and at times, perhaps, a leader of the revels 
 at the Lucknow Court. That the Nawab treated him as a friend is not, 
 of course, conclusive proof of the Englishman’s merit. Asaf-ud-daula, 
 
ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 91 
 
 says the author of the Siyar almuta ’ akhkhirin , took delight in associating 
 with the lowest and most worthless characters. He adds, however, that 
 you might occasionally see him in conversation with men of birth and 
 talents, and evidence is not wanting that Mordaunt should be placed 
 among the latter. Lord Cornwallis must have thought well of him, or 
 he would have resented Mordaunt’s reply when the Governor-General 
 asked him if he did not long to return to his regiment. “ Not in the 
 least,” said Mordaunt. “ But your services may be wanted,” Cornwallis 
 remarked. “ Indeed, my lord,” was Mordaunt’s rejoinder, “ I can’t do 
 you half the service there that I can in keeping the Nawab amused while 
 you ease him of his money.” Needless to say that no record of this 
 conversation will be discovered in any official “ Proceedings ” or other 
 State document ; but it is sufficiently characteristic of both men to be 
 credible. 
 
 More than one instance is given of the tact which enabled Mordaunt 
 to hold his own amidst the intrigues of an Indian Court. The same 
 quality sometimes served also to get other people out of tight corners. 
 Zoffany, whilst staying at Lucknow, must needs draw or paint a caricature 
 of the Nawab Wazir and show it to his friend, General Claud Martin. 
 Less friendly courtiers saw or heard of the picture, and, in the hope of 
 discrediting the artist, told their master about this affront to his dignity. 
 Asaf-ud-daula declared he would have a look at the offensive portraiture, 
 and decide for himself on the proper way of marking his resentment. 
 The affair, which threatened to bring about the abrupt termination of 
 Zoffany’s comfortable sojourn in Oudh, came to Mordaunt’s knowledge. 
 He at once sent for the painter, warned him of the impending storm, 
 and earnestly advised him to transform the caricature into something 
 less likely to enrage the potentate it depicted. Zoffany was astute enough 
 to perceive the wisdom of this counsel. Working all night he retouched 
 and improved his satire in paint so effectively that, when the Nawab 
 had it shown to him, it proved to be quite a flattering likeness. The 
 abashed tale-bearers were the only persons who had cause for dejection; 
 whereas the artist, thanks to Mordaunt’s timely and good-natured inter- 
 ference, got Rs. 10,000 for his handiwork.” 
 
 On another occasion it is said that the Hajam, or barber, for the 
 Nawab Wazir, by an accident drew blood when shaving His Highness. 
 This was regarded as a capital offence, and the man was ordered to be 
 baked alive in an oven. Mordaunt interceded for him, and knowing that 
 Colonel Martin of Lucknow was at that time interested in ballooning, and 
 had two or three balloons in his possession, suggested that the barber 
 should be put into one of these balloons and sent aloft. The Grand Vizier 
 agreed to change the punishment according to Colonel Mordaunt’s 
 
92 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 suggestion, the terrified man was fastened into the balloon, and it made its 
 way to a place called Polier Gorge (the residence of Colonel Polier), five 
 miles from Lucknow, where, very fortunately, it came to the earth, and 
 the man was rescued almost dead with fright. He took good care never 
 again to come within the range of the power of the Nawab Wazir of 
 Oudh. Mordaunt, it should be mentioned, frequently visited Lucknow 
 for the cocking for which it was celebrated and in which the Nawab, 
 who had many famous birds, took a keen delight. He died on board his 
 Budgerow near Chunar, on November n, 1790, aged forty, and his tomb 
 is in the old European Cemetery, close by the quarter called Colonel Ganj. 
 
 Mr. Wheeler has taken considerable pains to identify the various persons 
 who are portrayed both in the Ashwick and in the Tweeddale pictures, 
 and has generously placed all his notes at our disposal, and from them 
 our information is taken. 
 
 It will be noticed that, in the key to Earlom’s engraving, the names 
 of the persons read thus— 
 
 (1) Asof-u-Dowla Nabob Vizier. (n) Lieut. Golding. 
 
 As regards the Nawab Wazir, Louis Ferdinand Smith’s character 
 sketch of him reads as follows — 
 
 “ He is mild in manners, generous to extravagance, affably polite 
 and engaging in his conduct; but he has not great mental powers, 
 though his heart is good. He is fond of lavishing his treasures on 
 gardens, palaces, horses, elephants, and, above all, on fine European 
 gems, lustres, mirrors, and all sorts of European manufactures, more 
 especially English, from a 2d. deal board painting of ducks and 
 drakes to the elegant paintings of a Lorraine or a Zoffani, and from 
 a little dirty paper lantern to mirrors and lustres which cost up to 
 £ 3000 each.” 1 
 
 (2) Nabob Salar Jung. 
 
 (3) Haseen Reza Khan. 
 
 (4) Colonel Martin. 
 
 (5) Colonel Mordaunt. 
 
 (6) Colonel Polier. 
 
 (7) Mr. Wombwell. 
 
 (8) Mr. Wheeler. 
 
 (9) Mr. Johnson. 
 
 (10) Lieut. Pigot. 
 
 (12) Mr. Taylor. 
 
 (13) Mr. Orr. 
 
 (14) Mr. Gregory. 
 
 (15) Mr. Humphry. 
 
 (16) Mr. Zoffany. 
 
 (17) Colonel Mordaunt’s cock- 
 
 fighter. 
 
 (18) The Nabob Vizier’s cock- 
 
 fighter. 
 
 (19) Mr. Gregory’s cock-fighter. 
 
 1 See Asiatic Annual Register, 1804, “ Misc. Tracts,” p. 10. 
 
Coll, of Mr. Henry Sinclair 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MR. MARCUS SAVILLE TAYLOR, II.KT.C., A FRIEND OF WARREN HASTINOS 
 

 
ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 93 
 
 The portrait of him which appears amongst our illustrations is one 
 which belongs to Lord Teignmouth and has been specially photo- 
 graphed by him that we may use it in this book. It came to his 
 ancestor, Sir John Shore, known in India as “ Honest John Shore,” 
 direct from the Nawab who tried hard to influence Shore in his favour, 
 but wholly without effect. The Governor-General thus simply recorded 
 the story in a letter he wrote to Lady Shore — 
 
 “Lucknow, 8th of Feb., 1797. This day I had a private 
 audience with the Nabob, from which we separated both much 
 pleased. I have, however, refused a fortune for you and your 
 younger children. Notwithstanding he was repeatedly told that I 
 would accept nothing, he had prepared five lacs of rupees and eight 
 thousand gold mohurs for me; of which I was to have four lacs, 
 my attendants one, and your Ladyship the gold. My answer to his 
 Excellency was this : That a barleycorn from him was equal in my 
 sight to a million ; but that I could not but express my concern 
 that he and his people were so ignorant of our customs and of my 
 character, to make such an offer, which I peremptorily declined. 
 I added, that I had seen in his Shusha kana some pictures of his 
 Excellency, of which I begged to have one, as a memorial of his 
 friendship. And I took one, about 15 inches square, done by 
 Zoffani (not set in diamonds), which is a strong resemblance to 
 the Nabob; and for which, to say the truth, I would not give 
 two-pence. It pleased him.” 1 
 
 Asof-ud-daula succeeded to his throne in January 1775 and died 
 September 21, 1797. The Nawab Salar Jung was his uncle, being a 
 brother of the once celebrated Bhac Begum. The Begum had two 
 brothers, the other being Mirza Ali Khan; and Middleton, 2 the Resi- 
 dent, described them as “ not brilliant but experienced men, mild and 
 just in their administration and beloved by all.” The author of the 
 Tarikh Farahbaksh, on the other hand, denounced them as cowards and 
 profligates. “ The Minister, Hasan Raza Khan, is mentioned in 
 Thornton’s History of India , and his name frequently occurs — though 
 not always spelt the same way — in the official papers of the period.” 
 
 Antoine Polier was French by descent, but was born at Lausanne 
 in Switzerland in 1741. He was at one time Chief Engineer at Calcutta ; 
 he collected Sanskrit manuscripts, and was murdered by robbers after 
 his return to Avignon. 
 
 “ John Wombwell was the Company’s Accountant at Lucknow. He 
 
 1 See The Spectator of Oct. 18, 1919, and Bengal Past and Present, Calcutta 
 Historical Society. A gold Mohur in 1797 was worth two pounds. 
 
 2 Whose portrait Zoffany painted ( see p. in). 
 
94 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 was one of the donors of the silver cup presented to Warren Hastings 
 by “ Old Westminsters ” and two or three others (Wombwell among 
 them), who, though not at the school, were allowed to join in that tribute 
 of esteem. The Wombwells were a Yorkshire family, one of whom 
 was Consul at Alicant. This George Wombwell’s daughter married 
 Archdeacon John Strachey, a brother of the first baronet.” 
 
 “Mr. (afterwards Sir Trevor) Wheler was assistant to the Resident, 
 and was a nephew of Edward Wheler of the Bengal Council, who died in 
 1 783 } George Johnstone (not Johnson), another Assistant Resident, 
 retired from the Company’s service in 1798, and ten years later, gave 
 evidence before a House of Commons Committee on the charges against 
 Lord Wellesley. Lieutenants John Pigot and William Golding were in 
 the Company’s Corps of Engineers. Lieutenant Isaac Humphrys, a brother 
 officer, may have been the Humphry of the list, or the reference may be 
 to Ozias Humphry, the miniature painter, who was at Lucknow at the 
 time. Mr. Marcus Saville Taylor was Second Assistant to the Resident 
 in 1788, and, as he entered the Company’s service in 1781, it is likely 
 enough that he was at Lucknow in 1786. James Orr, a merchant at 
 Lucknow, went to India in 1779. He is mentioned in Thomas Twining’s 
 travels. Robert Gregory, yet another of the Resident’s assistants, had 
 been warned by his father that if he persisted in risking his money at 
 cock-matches he would be disinherited. Gregory senior went home, 
 and walking down the Strand one day saw Earlom’s engraving in a shop 
 window. He recognised the figure of his son holding a white cock under 
 his arm, and, after making further inquiries, altered his will, cutting out 
 Robert’s name in favour of a younger son.” 2 
 
 Zoffany painted in India two other notable pictures, which also were 
 the subjects of engravings in mezzotint by Earlom. Both are said to have 
 been commissions from Warren Hastings, and one certainly was intended 
 for presentation to the Nawab of Oudh. 
 
 One is called “ Tiger Hunting in the East Indies,” and represents, 
 so the inscription upon the print informs us, “ the attack and death of the 
 royal tiger near Chandernagur, in the Province of Bengal, in the year 
 1788, by a party of gentlemen and their attendants mounted on elephants, 
 according to the custom of the country.” In the howdah on the right 
 are depicted Sir John Macpherson and Zoffany himself, the latter with a 
 gun; in that on the left are General Carnac and (behind him) Mr. Stables. 
 In the foreground is a native woman advancing to pluck the whiskers off 
 the dead tiger. 
 
 1 See Worthies of Warwickshire, by Colville (1870), 806. The reference to William 
 WTieeler is in error, as he died in 1783. 
 
 2 Autobiography of Sir Wm. Gregory, 1894. 
 

 
 
 
 
J'uhhjhr.l Dec r2"/' 1*02 . /,. TtOBT r.AURlt tC JA* jW&ITTLK ..W Fleet Stntt.Lmlon. 
 
 I. Sir Jolin Maepherson. V?. — Stables, Esq. 3. General Carnac 4. John Zoffany, Esq 5. Men placed 
 Tiger, held be a Preservative from its Fury. 7. Portrait of a„ P.lcphanf (the,,) belonging to Warren Hastings, Esq. 
 belonging to People of Distinction, the others using Houghs of Trees for the same Purpose. 
 
 the Trees, to give Notice to the Hunters of the Tiger's approach. 6. A Woman advancing to pJock the Whiskers off the dead 
 8. Tail of a Thibet Cow (mounted in Silver) which is used as u Fan, to keep off the Flics, &c. but only allowed to Elephant 
 
 ■g ity of ihe Elephant is well known, but it is remarkable of this animal, that, on account of the dismissal of his keeper, he wandered from his home, a considerable distance up the Country, and joined the wild 'nerd several drivers had pre- 
 ) 'to mana 0 c him, but he would not submit. I en years hud elapsed when, by chance, seeing his old keeper (who was employed to catch other Elephants), and hearing his name called, he immediately kneeled down, let the man resume his former 
 i walked with him quietly home. -For the authenticity of this Anecdote, we refer to those Gentlemen whose Portraits arc introduced in the Print, who relate it as a fact, and a circumstance well known in the Country. 
 
 By the courtesy of the Cocoa Tree Club 
 
95 
 
 ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 
 
 Forbes, in his Oriental Memoirs } prints a letter from Sir John Day 
 to Sir William Jones describing another tiger-hunt, in which Zoffany 
 took part in April 1786, and with reference to the native woman in this 
 picture, he adds that the natives deem the tiger’s whiskers “ a deadly 
 poison, and most anxiously, but secretly, seek them, as the means, in 
 drink, of certain destruction to an enemy.” 
 
 Mrs. Alexander Kennedy has in her possession what is either an 
 elaborate study in oil, by Zoffany, for this picture or else the picture itself 
 unfinished, probably the former. It is thoroughly characteristic and a 
 work of much interest. We have not been able to trace either in India 
 or in England any other version of the work. 
 
 The last of the three great pictures which were engraved by Earlom 
 sets forth “ The Embassy of Hyderbeck to Calcutta from the Nawab of 
 Oudh by way of Patna in the year 1788 to meet Lord Cornwallis,” and 
 this work, so well-known from Earlom’s spirited mezzotint of it, we have 
 been quite unable to find. 
 
 It also is said to have perished in the Mutiny. “ Haidar Beg’s 2 
 mission,” says Mr. William Foster, “ to Lord Cornwallis was to negotiate 
 for a reduction of the contributions levied from the Nawab of Oudh, and 
 took place at the beginning of 1787, not in 1788, as stated on the picture. 
 The enemy’s cavalcade,” he continues, “ is seen marching in the rear of 
 the European troops, towards Patna, which is shown in the distance, as 
 also one of the huge granaries erected by the Bengal Government against 
 time of famine.” 
 
 The central incident is thus described in the index plate, which was 
 published with the mezzotint, and which is the subject of one of our 
 illustrations. “ A male baggage-elephant, irritated by his driver, who is 
 taken from his seat and destroyed, and by the violence of the elephant’s 
 action are seen the women and children falling from his back. This 
 was the moment when Mr. Zoffanv took his design for the picture.” 
 
 Mr. Foster further states that “ the second elephant ” in the picture 
 carries a howdah in which are Captain (afterwards Sir John) Kennaway, 
 Lord Cornwallis’s aide-de-camp, and the Nawab’s native interpreter. 
 “ Zoffany rides on a horse by the side. In the foreground are introduced 
 several types of natives, soldiers and others. Near the Nawab’s colours 
 are seen his Portuguese doctor, with his wife and son.” 3 
 
 All these three pictures are overcrowded compositions, and in that 
 respect unsatisfactory. The best is that of the “ Embassy of Hyderbeck,” 
 because in that the incident of the irritated baggage-elephant stands out 
 with some grandeur and effect, but the proportion of the figures in this 
 
 1 Vol. II. p. 489. 2 eL 
 
 3 See also Bengal Past and Present, II. 388-9, 401-2. 
 
96 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 work is not correct, the elephant having all the effect of a mammoth, and 
 in its gigantic proportions dwarfs everything about it. 
 
 The elephants in the other picture, the “ Tiger Hunt,” are more 
 accurately drawn, but in all of them the legs are anatomically incorrect, 
 and Zoffany, desiring an effect, and wholly unaccustomed to painting an 
 elephant, has neglected to make careful studies of its unusual character- 
 istics. The tiger also, in the “ Tiger Hunt ” picture, could not have 
 been sketched from life, its legs, thighs and tail are all inaccurately 
 drawn. 
 
 Tegetmeier, the celebrated naturalist, writing in the Magazine of 
 Art concerning the engraving of the “ Cock Fight,” comments on the in- 
 accurate manner in which Zoffany had drawn the two cocks. He said 
 the feathers were drawn in wholly incorrect fashion, pointing in the wrong 
 direction and arranged in impossible order. 
 
 The three paintings are, however, notable illustrations of native life 
 and habits, many of the figures being exceedingly well painted and as 
 usual, the costumes, fabrics and ornaments are represented with care 
 and fidelity and in the neat manner in which Zoffany rejoiced. The 
 colour-scheme also and atmospheric effect may be praised, but there is 
 too much of a set effect about the pictures, they are too theatrical and 
 too artificial to be really true to life. 
 
 One notable native portrait should be mentioned here. 
 
 It was whilst he was at Agra that Zoffany most probably painted the 
 portrait of Mahadjl Sindhia 1 (Madhava Rao Sindhia, the Maratha 
 Chief, 1759-95), who conquered Delhi in 1789, and which is referred 
 to by Sir James Mackintosh in the Journal of his visit to Poona in 1805. 
 He says — 
 
 “ Near the monument which is being erected to the memory of 
 the Mahdajee Sindia, is a sorry hut where the ashes of this powerful 
 chieftain were deposited for a time, and there they may now lie long 
 undisturbed. It is a small pagoda where, in the usual place of the 
 principal deity, is a picture of Sindia by Zoffany, very like that in 
 the Government House at Bombay. Before the picture lights are 
 kept constantly burning, and offerings daily made by the old servant 
 of the Maharajah, whose fidelity rather pleased me, even though I 
 was told that the little pagoda was endowed with lands which yielded 
 a small income sufficient for the worship and the priest.” 2 
 
 2 Good Old Days of Hon. John Company, Vol. II. It has been declared in Bombay 
 that Zoffany did not paint this picture of Sindhia, but that it was the work of an artist 
 named Welsh ( see Appendix, under Poona). 
 

 
 
 

1111 
 
 JW./kwifiVumi rohtymyu&m'il hi* Arm*. AKrLi/r ;JL ARaMis/t C,iri L In Jftli v » w ^«KT' fntnBofhun/. Water tmu the (huujM. M-A/lnwifo nAtiMMu, IMfo .(,■ ^myulMl, 
 
 , naaaun (ml. .12. In Jtuufca. & A % Pavuui. fearers or Cooleys, mm hn, A r. %. A Native .toh/ier. ;\G..UM/n M,r. ;\ 7 ’.A AUiar/heJ. ^ 
 
 JVil lilli i'll n*Jit/y_ jSon.bv, l.ACItfK A; Wl I ITTLK ,.yi, t/rcr Sturt, London. 
 
 1, “'” *' ’‘^Vyjy_ H'-<i--'.ock.y,v„ a. tw efouDB «, at^ty a. 
 
 Lord Cornwallis. 
 
 By the courtesy of the Cocoa Tree Club 
 
PORTRAIT OF MADHAVA RAO SINDHIA 
 
 Photographed from a copy made of the original by Zoffany, now preserved in a small pagoda near Poona 
 
GROUP REPRESENTING WARREN HASTINGS, HIS WIFE AND HER MAID 
 
ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 97 
 
 This picture is probably the only work of European art which is now 
 an object of adoration. 
 
 Sindhia in it is represented in that curious coat which it was the 
 fashion amongst the Rajahs at that time to wear, and which had arms as 
 long as a yard and a half. 
 
 Rai Bahadur B. A. Gupte, the Curator of the Victoria Exhibition, 
 tells us that the Dhobi (washerman), or the dresser, had often to spend 
 more than half-an-hour in putting on such a coat to the Rajah and in 
 arranging the folds, so multitudinous were they. The effect when 
 finished was to give to the sitter a stiff doll-like appearance, which is very 
 marked in the picture now under consideration. 
 
 There is a replica of this picture at Government House, Bombay, 
 which is also stated to have been the work of Zoffany, and a clever copy 
 of it by Mr. Cecil Burns was shown at the Victoria Memorial Exhibition 
 in Calcutta. From that our illustration is taken. 
 
 Zoffany, however, painted many other important portraits in India 
 besides this one. 
 
 The first that should be mentioned are those of the Governor-General, 
 Warren blastings, and his wife. These came by bequest into the posses- 
 sion of Miss Winter, the great-niece of Mrs. Hastings, and for many 
 years, although their existence was well-known, they were not accessible 
 either to the general public or to connoisseurs. Lately, in consequence 
 of the decease of Miss Winter, both the pictures have been brought to 
 London. 
 
 The delightful group representing Hastings and his wife in an Indian 
 landscape attended by her native maid, and with the official residence 
 and troops, with elephants, in the distance, was bequeathed to Earl Curzon, 
 and by his kind permission finds a place amongst our illustrations. It 
 is, we understand, to be passed on to that famous gallery of Indian portraits 
 at Calcutta, with which Lord Curzon ’s name will ever be associated, 
 and in the Victoria Exhibition will find a fitting place. It does not, per- 
 haps, convey the idea of a lovely woman (as Mrs. Hastings is said to 
 have been), as well as does the larger painting, but as a piece of simple, 
 charming and satisfactory portraiture it would be hard to excel it, and 
 as an historic work of unimpeachable authenticity, it is in the highest 
 degree important. 
 
 Of Mrs. Warren Hastings 1 Zoffany painted a showy portrait, 2 which 
 delighted her husband, and of which he wrote in enthusiastic fashion 
 after her departure for England in January 1784. 
 
 1 Anna Maria Chapusetten, better known as the Baroness Imhoff, married Hastings 
 in St. John’s Church, Calcutta, in 1777. A Mr. Winter married one ot her nieces. 
 
 2 See S. G. Grier’s Letters of Hastings to His Wife, especially under Feb. n, 1784. 
 
 H 
 
9 8 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 This has been bequeathed by Miss Winter to the National Portrait 
 Gallery, and there it is at this moment. It was Hastings’ favourite 
 portrait of his much-beloved wife, and it was so hung, by him, in Calcutta, 
 that he could see it when he was lying in bed. 
 
 Mr. Tennyson found out that this picture caused an infinity of trouble. 
 It was returned from the ship Berrington as being too large for transport, 
 and Zoffany undertook to pack it into a smaller compass. This (with his 
 usual carelessness) he did so ineffectually that on its arrival in England 
 by the Cornwallis it was found to be seriously damaged. Its frame, we 
 understand, was removed, and the canvas crushed into a case far too 
 small for it. Signs of the damage can still be seen. As a painting it 
 was highly praised, the attitude of the lady compared to that of 
 Mrs. Siddons ; the painting of the green satin dress extolled as in- 
 comparable and magnificent, and the features were, so blastings declared, 
 those of a perfect likeness. Mrs. Hastings was not, however, so well 
 satisfied with it, and while in her possession it occupied a less important 
 position. As the painting which of all others Warren Hastings himself 
 preferred, it has peculiar importance and should be regarded as a 
 precious possession for the nation. It is life-size, however, and in 
 consequence not an easy picture to place in a gallery, save in a very 
 large one. 1 
 
 One of Hastings’ portraits (called a Zoffany) was engraved in Calcutta 
 by R. Britridge, and published by him in 1784. It was sold, framed and 
 glazed, at two gold Mohurs per copy. 2 The same picture, but set in an 
 ornamental oval frame and the work of an anonymous engraver, was 
 published by J. Murray in 1786, and forms the frontispiece to Memoirs 
 relative to the State of India. It is not, however, clear that either of 
 these were really by Zoffany. 
 
 A portrait of Mrs. Hastings, attributed to Zoffany, is said to have 
 belonged to Mr. John Clark Marshman at Serampore. 
 
 The picture to which Sir John Doyle refers in a letter quoted by Mr. 
 Tennyson, and which he calls “ an abominable one, it is true, by Zophanee” 
 [s/V] was, so far as we can ascertain, a single portrait, and was not by Zoffany 
 at all, but by Devis. 
 
 In the Government House at Poona are, we are informed, portraits 
 of Madhavrav II, the last Peshva of Poona but one, and of his Finance 
 Minister, Nana Fadnavia, and these are both attributed to Zoffany. We 
 have no evidence, however, in their favour. 
 
 In Government House, Calcutta, is a portrait of John Zephaniah 
 
 1 It has been suggested that it also should be sent to Calcutta, and probably some 
 arrangement will be made by which this result can be obtained. 
 
 2 See Good Old Days of Hon. John Company. 
 
Coll, of Mr. Edward Impcy 
 
 LARGE GROUP REPRESENTING SIR ELIJAH AND LADY IMPLY WITH THEIR THREE CHILDREN, AYAHS AND SERVANTS 
 

 
 
 
 
99 
 
 ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 
 
 Holwell, 1 Governor of Fort William in Bengal, 1760, attributed to Zoffany, 
 and there is said to be another portrait of the same Governor at Delhi. 
 Mr. Holwell is represented in the Calcutta picture as superintending the 
 erection of the monument, which he placed (at his own expense) over the 
 grave of his fellow sufferers in the “ Black Hole ” atrocity. This monu- 
 ment, by the way, was demolished in 1821, but another somewhat similar, 
 but not identical with it, has recently been erected by Earl Curzon on 
 the same spot. 
 
 It is, however, almost inconceivable that this portrait can have been 
 the work of Zoffany. In any case he could only have been responsible 
 for part of it, although the frame bears his name upon it. Holwell left 
 India in 1760. Zoffany did not arrive till 1783, and when Zoffany was 
 back in England Holwell was a man of seventy-nine, whereas in the 
 picture he is represented in the prime of life. Moreover, he has in his 
 hand a sheet with a drawing of his monument, and this he himself erected. 
 The only possible explanation seems to be that Zoffany may have altered 
 a portrait already in existence, and supplied the detail concerning the 
 monument, painting on to another man’s work. This is, of course, 
 just possible, but the simpler explanation would be that the frame-maker 
 was given wrong instructions, and that the portrait has nothing whatever 
 to do with our artist. 
 
 Another portrait in Calcutta is that of Sir Elijah Impey, Chief Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of judicature at Fort William in Bengal, 1774-82, 
 which hangs in the Judge’s Library in the High Court. 
 
 Here, again, there is a difficulty. The picture is a huge full-length, 
 and does not resemble the seated figure in the portrait of Impey by Zoffany 
 in the National Portrait Gallery. The portrait is dated on the label 
 1782 (perhaps an error for 1783), but Zoffany only arrived in Calcutta 
 in the autumn of 1783, and Impey left on December 3 of the same year. 
 The interval seems hardly long enough for the execution of this great 
 State picture. Zoffany did, of course, paint Impey with his family, and 
 the picture still belongs to his descendants ( see Appendix and p. no). 
 There is, however, a definite tradition connecting Zoffany with the large 
 portrait, and this must not be lightly disregarded, despite the error on the 
 label and the frame. 
 
 The portrait of Carey, the Baptist missionary, with his moonshee, 
 which hangs in the Baptist College of Serampur, near Calcutta, once given 
 to Zoffany, is now attributed to Nathaniel Hone. 
 
 1 He was the author of a book, which is now very scarce, entitled Holwell’ s “ De- 
 plorable Deaths of One Hundred and Twenty-three English Gentlemen and others, 
 who were suffocated in the Black Hole of Calcutta folding front., 121110, cloth . — John 
 Fair hum, n.d. 
 
IOO 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Then we have two portraits of Sir Eyre Coote, one now at West Park 
 Salisbury, and the other at Ballyfin in Ireland; one of John Lumsden, a 
 Director of the Hon. East India Company, now belonging to his grand- 
 daughter, Mrs. Bevan; one of Henry Vansittart of the Hon. Artillery 
 Company’s Establishment at Bengal, now belonging to Mr. D. N. Vansit- 
 tart, while no doubt there are many others that we have not been able 
 to trace, as in addition to the groups for which he was noted, and to 
 which we refer later on, Zoffany appears to have had many commissions 
 for single portraits from the native potentates and statesmen, and from 
 the officials of the Government and East India Company while he was 
 in the East. 
 
 One of his best-known paintings was, however, the one he executed 
 for St. John’s Church in Calcutta, and this deserves some special 
 attention. 
 
 It was painted in April 1787, and thus the Calcutta Gazette of the 12th 
 of that month speaks of it — 
 
 “ We hear Mr. Zoffany is employed in painting a large historical 
 picture, ‘ The Last Supper ’ : he has already made considerable 
 progress in the work, which promises to equal any production which 
 has yet appeared from the pencil of this able artist, and, with that 
 spirit of liberality for which he has ever been distinguished, we 
 understand that he means to present it to the public as an altar- 
 piece for the new Church.” 
 
 Unfortunately for our artist he was addicted to the practical joke of 
 introducing into his groups, “ without the permission of the original 
 and often in unflattering guise,” the representations of living persons 
 with whom he had quarrelled or against whom he had a grievance. 
 
 He is said to have scandalised the English Court by sketching out 
 and showing to his friends a bold replica of his “ Life School,” in which 
 he had introduced a portrait of Queen Charlotte before she was married, 
 and had placed opposite to it the figure of one of her former admirers 
 in Germany. He is also declared to have painted in his “ Tribuna ” 
 picture, when first he exhibited it, a caricature portrait of a well-known 
 man in Florence of notoriously bad character, with whom he had a bitter 
 dispute, and then have been compelled, under pain of a challenge, to 
 remove it. Here in Calcutta he had a great disturbance with a certain 
 Mr. Pauli, a servant of the Hon. East India Company. He had been 
 promoted to be Resident at the Court of Oudh by the Marquess Wellesley, 
 but repaid his patron with gross ingratitude. On his return to England 
 Mr. Pauli became a Member of Parliament, and attacked the policy of 
 
In SI. John's Church, Calcutta 
 
 PAINTING REPRESENTING THE LAST SUPPER 
 
 Greenwich Hospital Gallery 
 
 THE DEATH OF CAPTAIN COOK, 
 14 FEBRUARY, 1779 
 
IOI 
 
 ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 
 
 Lord Wellesley with great severity. On the dissolution of Parliament, 
 however, he lost his seat, and shortly afterwards committed suicide. 
 
 This man Zoffany had, it is stated, the bad taste to introduce into his 
 painting of “ The Last Supper,” in the person of Judas Iscariot, and 
 to give him a prominent position in the picture, portraying in a very 
 marked manner “ the conflict of passion and strife ” upon his countenance. 
 Pauli had made himself particularly disagreeable both to the Nawab 
 and to the painter, and Zoffany had already caricatured him in a lewd 
 fresco wdiich he painted, and which was defaced along with others of a 
 similar character by order of Sir Robert Montgomery in 1858 A It was 
 quite unpardonable on the part of the artist to introduce Pauli’s features 
 into the altar-piece upon which he was engaged. 
 
 It has been stated by another writer that the original of the portrait 
 was a well-known auctioneer in Calcutta named Tulloh, and that he went 
 to law about it. A careful search in the records of the Supreme Courts 
 for the years 1786 or 1787, or “ within the next few years ” has, however, 
 found “ no traces of such a suit between Tulloh and Zoffany.” 
 
 Moreover, the weight of evidence seems to be in favour of the 
 portrait being that of Pauli, who was very much disliked, and the 
 Englishman already quoted has stated in his Diary that, although 
 such pictures make one ashamed of his species, “ still the person so 
 gibbeted richly deserved the treatment, for, like his prototype, Judas 
 Iscariot, he afterwards committed suicide.” Zoffany’s bad taste was, 
 however, much resented at the time, but it did not end with the figure 
 of Judas. 
 
 All the portraits of the other apostles were asserted to be taken from 
 leading merchants of the city, and in order to scoff at the very Church 
 for which he was painting the altar-piece, Zoffany selected as his model 
 for the figure of St. John the Divine, who is shown leaning on the breast 
 of our Lord, a Mr. Blaquiere (or de Blaquiere), a man whom John Clark 
 Marshman in his biography of Carey, Marshman and Ward describes as a 
 “ Brahmanised European, notorious for his hostility to Christianity and 
 his indifferent character.” This Mr. Blaquiere was of a very feminine 
 countenance, and, in fact, as Police Magistrate, was known to have made 
 some of his cleverest captures, when a young man, in female disguise. 
 His face, therefore, lent itself to the popular conception of the features 
 of St. John, and the Magistrate is said to have chuckled in somewhat 
 indecent fashion at the dignity given to his portrait. He survived Zoffany 
 many years, dying only in 1853 at the advanced age of ninety-four. 
 
 The countenance of our Lord in the painting was, it is declared, 
 
 1 See The Diary of an Englishman at the Court of Oudh, and see The Statesman for 
 1888, and Calcutta Old and New. 
 
102 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 taken from that of Father Parthenio, a Greek priest, well-known in 
 Calcutta. 
 
 Warren Hastings and Lord Cornwallis took much interest in St. John’s 
 Church, which was the sixth building erected as the Presidency Church, 
 the third having been destroyed in 1756; the fourth, which was originally 
 Portuguese, given back to its original owners in 1760; and the fifth pulled 
 down to make room for the new building. 
 
 Zoffany presented his altar-piece to it on April 9, 1787, and when on 
 June 24 the building was consecrated, the painting was in its proper place 
 over the altar. 
 
 By October, however, it was found to be in bad condition owing to 
 the dampness of the wall on which it had been hung, and the following 
 extracts from the Vestry proceedings, which were printed in a work 
 entitled Calcutta Old and New, written by Mr. H. E. A. Cotton, refer to it, 
 and are quoted by permission of the author, to whom also we must express 
 our thanks for much information kindly given us respecting Zoffany’s 
 work in the place. The minutes read thus — 
 
 “ 1787, 15 th October . — The picture made by Mr. Zoffani and hang- 
 ing over the Communion Table having been represented by Mr. 
 Alefounder (a painter and friend of Mr. Zoffani) to be damp and in 
 some degree injured, the Churchwardens accepted the proffered 
 services of Mr. Alefounder to have it dried, and this has been done 
 as well as circumstances would admit, as appears from the following 
 letter from Mr. Alefounder — 
 
 “ To E. Hay, Esq. 
 
 “ Sir, — I have this forenoon aired and cleaned the mildew of the 
 picture with the utmost care and attention. I fear the painting is 
 injured by the mould, as it remains spotty after cleansing it off. The 
 cause I believe to have arisen from a canvas having been fixed behind 
 the picture to preserve the original one, and being oiled after it was 
 nailed on. The damp air remaining between the two must have in 
 some measure occasioned it. I took the liberty of having it un- 
 nailed sufficient to admit a small quantity of air. 
 
 “ I am (etc.), 
 
 “ John Alefounder.” 
 
 “ ii//? October, 1787. — Mr. Alefounder attending the Vestry repre- 
 sents that the cloth or canvas put at the back of the picture ought 
 to be removed that the admission of air may prevent any injury from 
 the dampness of the wall. 
 
ZOFFANY IN INDI A — 1783-1789 103 
 
 “ Ordered that the cloth be removed from the picture without 
 delay.” 
 
 This was not, however, the end of difficulties concerning this notable 
 altar-piece, for a correspondent writing in 1888 to the Statesman under 
 the designation “ A Quille Penne,” denounced the condition of neglect 
 into which it had then fallen. 
 
 “To see the damage done,” he says, “ and to observe the rapid 
 progress in the shameful treatment which must end in the total ruin 
 of an invaluable w r ork of art, cannot but excite the indignation of 
 the most indifFerent visitant. The painting is so badly hung that 
 . . . only when the church is fully lit, one can examine the picture. 
 At any time, it is possible to see only too w-ell the tarnished, broken 
 wooden frame, denuded in many places of the gilding, the scratched, 
 dented surface, the torn, frayed canvas, and the large hole near the 
 nose of Judas Iscariot.” 
 
 The result of this letter v/as that the picture was again taken down 
 and attended to, and its mount and frame carefully repaired. Mr. Cotton 
 says that it was “ first removed from the altar, when it lay in the large 
 covered verandah now an open portico, then it was moved to the vestry, 
 and finally to a . . . place over the gallery. It now appears to be in an 
 excellent state of preservation.” 
 
 Since 1888 it has again been moved, and at the present moment, 
 Lord Curzon tells us, it hangs over the altar of the Lady Chapel. 
 
 It is clear that, despite the scandal attaching to the portraits, the 
 altar-piece formed a very acceptable gift to the Church, was much 
 admired and greatly appreciated. The Bengal Obituary thus speaks 
 of it — 
 
 “ Sir John Zoffany bestowed on the Church that admirable altar- 
 piece painted by him, representing ‘ The Last Supper.’ It was 
 proposed by the Rev. W. johnson and Cuthbert Thornhill, Esq., as 
 Sir John Zoffany was about to leave Calcutta, to present him with a 
 ring of Rs.5000 value 1 in consideration of this signal exertion of 
 his eminent talents. The low state of their funds prevented other 
 members of the Committee from supporting the motion of Messrs. 
 Johnson and Thornhill, but they unanimously agreed in sending 
 Sir John Zoffany an honourable written testimonial of the respect 
 
 1 Zoffany at this time was charging Rs.iooo per figure, and he regarded his gift 
 to the Church as the equivalent to a present of more than Rs. 13,000. 
 
io 4 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 in which they held his great ability as an artist. From their handsome 
 and appropriate letter the following is a paragraph — 
 
 “ ‘ We should do a violence to your delicacy were we to express, 
 or endeavour to express, in such terms as the occasion calls for, 
 our sense of the favour you have conferred on the Settlement by 
 presenting to their place of worship, so capital a painting, that it 
 would adorn the first Church of Europe, and should excite in the 
 breasts of its spectators, those sentiments of virtue and piety so happily 
 portrayed in the figures.’ ” 
 
 In 1865 an application was made by Colonel J. P. Beadle on behalf of 
 the Dalhousie Institute that the picture should be transferred there as a 
 gift, that it might be more carefully guarded and, moreover, be seen by 
 many more persons than could view it in its dark position in the Church. 
 The Vestry, however, replied that they did not feel at liberty to part with 
 the picture, and accordingly it still hangs in St. John’s Church, but by 
 reason of its present position it is not at all easy to see it or to obtain a 
 good photograph of it. 1 
 
 When at the Court of Oudh Zoffany became acquainted with another 
 remarkable man, Major-General Claud (not Claude, as often misprinted) 
 Martin, and they struck up a firm friendship, which lasted the rest of 
 their lives. 
 
 Martin was then a rich man, and commissioned many pictures by 
 Zoffany, some of which still remain in the College he founded. 
 
 Mr. S. C. Hill, Record Officer for the Government of India, is good 
 enough to supply us with the following information concerning this 
 extraordinary man — 
 
 “ Major-General Martin,” so he says, “ was born in Lyons in 
 1735, and died at Lucknow in 1800. He went to India at the age 
 of sixteen and entered the French service. After the surrender of 
 Pondicherry, he became attached to the Madras Government, and 
 was in the service of the Hon. East India Company for man}'' 
 years, being especially remarkable for his skill in surveying. In 
 1779 he left the direct service of the East India Company, and 
 became attached to the Court of Asaf-ud-daula, the Nawab Wazir 
 of Oudh, for whom he became the military councillor and the adviser 
 upon political affairs. He came into intimate contact with Hyder 
 Beg Khan, the Nawab ’s able Prime Minister, and was on terms of 
 friendship with him. He was present at the siege of Seringapatam, 
 and was responsible for casting a gun which was used at that siege. 
 He had charge of the Arsenal at Oudh. 
 
 1 See The Handbook to St. John’s Church, Calcutta, 1909. 
 
ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 105 
 
 “ He built two houses at Lucknow, one known as Farhad Buxsh, 
 part of which still remains, and the other, Constantia, in which 
 he was afterwards buried, and which was dedicated as a college, and 
 is now known as the Lucknow Martiniere. 
 
 “ He was a successful horticulturalist, and was particularly in- 
 terested in the manufacture of indigo. Fie held such a high position 
 at the Nawab’s Court that he was frequently in receipt of considerable 
 sums from persons who required his assistance, and by such means, 
 and from the presents which he received from the Nawab and other 
 persons, and from his pay at the Court of Oudh, he was able to 
 accumulate a considerable fortune, amounting, it is said, to nearly 
 forty lacs of rupees. The greater part of it he bequeathed, by a 
 munificent and most extraordinary will, to the support and founda- 
 tion of various establishments, charitable and literary, mainly for 
 the education of children, girls as well as boys, and under his will 
 schools were established in Lucknow, Calcutta and Lyons, the 
 former of which were open to native children of all persuasions, 
 who were to be instructed in the English language, literature and 
 the Christian religion. There was considerable litigation with regard 
 to his will after his death, 1 lasting for nearly thirty-five years, but 
 the accumulation of interest during those years swelled the sum 
 originally bequeathed, and provided more amply than was expected 
 for the fulfilment of the purposes laid down in his will. He was a 
 personal friend of Warren Hastings, who speaks of him as a brave 
 and experienced officer, and a man of strict honour, and he is charac- 
 terised by Hawkesworth as ‘ that brave, impetuous, fortunate, and 
 munificent Frenchman.’ He was himself a clever mechanic, and 
 responsible for the casting, not only of the gun already referred to, 
 but of bells, a large example still remaining at Constantia, also for 
 the striking of medals. He was a great collector and got together a 
 library of over four thousand books, a large collection of Persian 
 and Sanscrit manuscripts, and a gallery of over four hundred pictures, 
 included in which were forty-seven oil-paintings and sketches by 
 Zoffany. Fie was also a collector of precious stones, jewellery, coins, 
 medals, guns and pistols, and possessed an unusually large quantity 
 of otto of rose of peculiarly fine and pure quality, which he had 
 made a great effort to obtain. Constantia 2 was a remarkable building, 
 eccentric in its architecture, adorned with a number of figures, and 
 richly decorated in its interior. It was damaged in an earthquake 
 in 1803, and seriously injured at the time of the Mutiny. It contains 
 
 1 There is an important Mural Tablet of black marble to his memory, in the South 
 Gallery of St. John’s Church, Calcutta. 2 Zoffany named his daughter Constantia. 
 
io6 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 an important picture by Zoffany of Colonel Martin in the scarlet 
 uniform of a Major-General of the Hon. East India Company’s Service 
 and a fine bust representing him. The statements made concerning 
 Colonel Martin’s character by Lord Valencia are inaccurate in almost 
 every respect, and were apparently derived from the gossip of persons 
 whom he met in Lucknow.” 
 
 To this information, we can add that there is another fine painting 
 attributed to Zoffany in the Martiniere representing the Gora Bibi 1 
 (White Lady or Fair Lady), or Boulone Begum, 2 a Persian girl whom 
 Martin bought from a Frenchman and with whom he lived. She is 
 depicted with a slave boy, Zulficar Khan, 3 otherwise known as James 
 Martin, who pre-deceased her. “ They are shown,” says Mr. Sykes, “ as 
 fishing in the Martiniere lake. The lady has just caught a fish, and the 
 boy is taking it off the hook. She was usually considered as General 
 Martin’s wife, and he always regarded her as such, but in these matters 
 he conformed to a considerable extent to the customs of the country 
 and of the times in which he lived. There appear to have been no 
 Christian women in the circle of society out there at that time.” 
 
 These two portraits, so Mr. Aldobrand Oldenbuck states, were acquired 
 by the College about 1872 from a descendant of Zulficar’s, who had 
 concealed them in his house during the Mutiny, when the Martiniere 
 was looted, and the General’s tomb, in the vault, under the central tower, 
 was desecrated by the rebels. 
 
 Mr. T. G. Sykes, the late Principal of the College, from whom we 
 have just quoted, gives us the following notes concerning it, some of 
 which appeared in the Punjab Educational Journal for February 1906, 
 and are supplemented by further information from Mr. Sykes himself, 
 dated February 23, 1916. 
 
 “ The Martiniere College,” he says, “ is the most remarkable 
 educational institution in India. It has been stated that there is 
 no English Public School, not even Eton, which can surpass the 
 special dignity of its surroundings, and, unlike many of the schools 
 in India, it is marked by the note of strong historical associations. 
 The whole of the resident pupils, including eighty on the Founda- 
 tion, are educated, clothed and fed, and, in fact, fully provided for, 
 out of the funds left by the founder, Major-General Martin. It is 
 one of the oldest foundations amongst European schools in India. 
 It possesses General Martin’s brass cannons and brass bell, bearing 
 his name and the date 1786, and its history was intimately connected 
 
 1 
 
 3 (jb» ji 
 
FAMILY GROUP, NAME UNKNOWN 
 It is suggested that it represents Mrs Bruere and her children 
 
107 
 
 ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 
 
 with the days of Warren Hastings, the Great Mogul, Lord Corn- 
 wallis, Tippoo Sultan, and the siege and capture of Seringapatarn. 
 Lord Roberts refers to the fact, in his Forty -one Years in India , that 
 the building was at one time held by the rebels at the time of the 
 Mutiny, that at another it w T as the headquarters of the Commander- 
 in-Chief, Sir Colin Campbell, and that there was a great deal of fight- 
 ing round about it in November 1857 and March 1858, when Sir 
 Colin finally returned to crush the rebels and pacify the province. 
 The position which the Martiniere boys and their masters held to 
 defend the Residency, is still marked by a marble slab bearing the 
 inscription ‘ The Martiniere Post.’ The volunteers associated with 
 the School have the honour of wearing the badge and scroll marked 
 ‘ Defence of Lucknow, 1857.’ All the boys receive military instruc- 
 tion. The gallant Hodson, Hodson’s Horse, and Lieut. Otway 
 Mayne, v/ere both killed and buried close up to the Martiniere.” 
 
 Martin, the founder of this famous place, was so lavish a patron to 
 Zoffany, that we find from searching the Betigal Inventories , 1 in the India 
 Office, he possessed at his death no less than nineteen pictures by 
 Zoffany in addition to forty-five sketches, and that all these were sold 
 by Quieros the auctioneers on December 29, 1801. 
 
 Martin is also declared by the same books to have owed “ Sir John 
 Zoffany when he died the sum of Rs.332.” This money was duly paid 
 to the artist some few years afterwards, “ w T ith compound interest up 
 to date,” by Martin’s executors. 
 
 The paintings are thus described — 
 
 A List of Pictures by Zoffany belonging to Col. Claud Martin. 
 
 Portrait of Mirza Jewaun Burkht the Shazada. 
 
 Portrait of Asof ud Dowlah [«c], the Nawab of Oudh. 2 
 
 Full-length portrait of Mrs. Bruere. 
 
 Group representing Mrs. Bruere ’s children with a dog. 
 
 (We are inclined to suggest that this is Mr. Asch’s painting.) 
 
 Portrait of General Martin on horseback. 
 
 Portrait of Sir Eyre Coote. {See Appendix under Coote.) 
 
 Portraits of General Martin and Sir Eyre Coote together. 
 
 Picture of General Martin’s house painted by Daniel and 
 Zoffany. {See one of our illustrations.) 
 
 1 Bengal Inventories, 1801, 1802, 1803, Range I., Vols. 24, 26 and 28. 
 
 1 Oudh was a province of the Mogul Empire. Its rulers were Prime Ministers to 
 the Mogul. There was a Shah or King in 1819. It was annexed by Dalhousie in 1856. 
 The last Shah died in September 1887. 
 
io8 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Portrait of Hasan Raza Khan. 
 
 One picture of Nagaphon Ghut. 
 
 One sketch for the portrait of Sir Eyre Coote and General Martin 
 together. 
 
 A group, the names of the persons are not given. 
 
 Picture of a Fakir. 
 
 Picture of an Elephant. 
 
 Another portrait of Asof-ud-Dowlah [«'c]. 
 
 Two other portraits of Hasan Raza Khan. 
 
 A sketch of Sir Eyre Coote. 
 
 Portrait of Colonel Polier, General Martin and a native planter. 
 Seven sketches, various. 
 
 Thirteen sketches, various. 
 
 One small sketch. 
 
 Twenty-four sketches, various. 
 
 At the Royal Academy, in the Library, we have discovered two letters 
 from Colonel Martin, in which allusion is made to Zoffany. In one of 
 them, dated from Lucknow, October 15, 1788, he says that he “ is coming 
 to Calcutta, and intends sitting to Zoffany with Colonel Polier in the 
 middle of November.” 1 This letter also refers to Llodges ( see pp. 41 
 and 80), and says that Hodges has bought some prints, and is “ coming to 
 Calcutta to see ” Colonel Martin. 
 
 The other letter from Colonel Martin is written to Ozias Humphry, 
 and was sent to London. It is dated March 11, 1789. In it he refers to 
 Zoffany as “ a good, worthy man,” hopes that Humphry has seen him, 
 and says that Zoffany has taken a passage in an Italian ship called the 
 Grande Duchesse , but has not yet been paid a penny for his work for the 
 Nawab, adding that this Eastern potentate does not like paying 
 Europeans, and if one could see his heart, it would be found “ loaded 
 with dark and sinister intentions.” Martin writes this information in 
 order to cheer up Ozias Humphry, who was in exactly the same predica- 
 ment, not having yet received his payments from the Nawab Wazir of 
 Oudh. It may be added that Humphry never received the money, but 
 that Zoffany, who had been clever enough to get the British resident to 
 endorse his account against the Nawab and guarantee its payment, did so. 
 
 The only other letter we have been able to discover respecting Martin 
 and Zoffany we owe to the kindness of Mr. W. Westley Manning, who 
 owns it. 2 There are so few letters of Zoffany’s in existence, that this 
 
 1 This may be the Bridgeman group (see Appendix). 
 
 2 In the possession of W. Westley Manning, R.O.I., R.B.A., 12, Edith Villas, West 
 Kensington, W. 
 
ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 109 
 
 has peculiar interest, especially as it concerns his friend and patron. It 
 is addressed to Messrs. Raikes and Co., and reads thus — 
 
 “ Gentn, 
 
 “ In consequence of an order I received from General Claud 
 Martin for a mechanical Shew-Box, I paid Mr. Weeks of Coventry 
 Street the sum of 85. which had been laid out by him for sundry 
 coloured views, &c. to be introduced in the Shew, his not having 
 completed the machine before the news of General Martin’s Death 
 arrived, I stopped the Order, and have settled with him by taking 
 the Prints, which he had bought, and which I herewith send and 
 shall be obliged to you for the above sum of fg 85., and am 
 
 “ Gentn, 
 
 “ Your most obedt. servt., 
 
 “ Johan Zoffany. 
 
 “ July 1 y, 1801. 
 
 “ Being lame and indisposed, prevents me the pleasure of waiting on 
 you personally.” 
 
 It will be well here to refer to the important group by Zoffany belong- 
 ing to Mr. William Bridgeman, because it has special interest, inasmuch 
 as Zoffany has introduced himself, into it, seated at an easel, painting a 
 picture, and has represented five other of his paintings on the wall of the 
 room in which the various persons are seated. Furthermore, Colonel 
 Claud Martin, to whom we have just made considerable allusion, is the 
 principal person in the group, and is represented explaining to Major 
 Womb well, who sits next to him, the plans and drawings of the house, 
 afterwards called La Martiniere, he was about to build on the river-bank 
 near to Lucknow, the plans being held before him by a native servant. 
 
 At the opposite end of the picture we find Colonel Polier, Martin’s 
 great friend, represented as ordering some fruit from the natives who are 
 presenting specimens to his notice (see pp. 92-93). This picture is 
 perhaps the group which was in Colonel Martin’s possession at his decease 
 (see above), and the paintings on the wall ought to enable us to identify 
 other works by Zoffany. It was very likely painted in the artist’s own 
 rooms or studio, and his favourite monkey is to be seen close to the easel. 
 
 Zoffany’s principal work in India consisted in the many groups he 
 painted of families who were important in the Anglo-Indian Society 
 of the day, or who were connected either with “ John Company ” or with 
 the Government. Some of these groups were successful compositions, 
 albeit somewhat straggling in their arrangement, and they are generally 
 
I IO 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 clever works painted with careful attention, marked by a fine colour- 
 scheme and by a proper sense of sound portraiture. 
 
 Of one of them Mr. Austin Dobson, in his “ Memoir of Zoffany ” in 
 the Dictionary of National Biography speaks in specially high terms. 
 
 This represents the Auriol family. It forms one of our illustrations, 
 and belongs to the Dashwood family. It is composed of three distinct 
 groups, one taking tea, another playing chess, and a third engaged in 
 conversation, while near at hand are native servants and attendants. The 
 composition is long and straggling, almost necessarily so, when so many 
 figures are to be introduced, but the colour-scheme is delightful and the 
 adjuncts to the picture, the silver and porcelain of the tea-equipage, the 
 chessmen, the tables, etc., are painted with consummate skill, while the 
 features of each person are carefully portrayed, and the costumes rendered 
 with great care and ability. 
 
 Of this style of family-group there are many fine examples to be found, 
 the one belonging to Mr. Asch, an anonymous group as to the identity 
 of which w T emake a suggestion on page 107, being one of the most success- 
 ful. It is more cleverly composed, and in colour and execution is unrivalled, 
 the painting of the ladies’ costumes being a veritable tour de force. 
 
 Zoffany delighted in painting European children in India, and they 
 are always depicted full of youthful vivacity. 
 
 Take, for example, the famous Impey group, in which occurs the 
 portrait of the celebrated judge, Sir Elijah. Here we find him with Lady 
 Impey, his children and servants, and though once again the word strag- 
 gling must be applied in criticism of the composition, yet the whole series 
 of persons are naturally arranged, and the boy who is dancing in the 
 foreground and the two younger children, one with the mother and the 
 other in the arms of an ayah, are all full of life and activity, while it is 
 clear that Zoffany has exulted in the foil that the dark countenance of the 
 ayah, makes against the exquisite colour, blue eyes and fair hair of the 
 youngest child. Sir Elijah is, perhaps, the weakest figure in this group. 
 Lady Impey is far more successful, and the many native attendants in 
 the distance are painted with remarkable skill. 
 
 An even prettier group of children is the anonymous one once be- 
 longing to Messrs. Tooth, and now to Mr. A. P. Cunliffe. It is believed 
 to represent the three children of some high official, and to have been 
 painted in the East, but its early history is incomplete. The masses of 
 curly hair which each child possesses makes the head of each appear 
 rather large in proportion to the figure, but the disproportion is rather 
 apparent than actual, accentuated perhaps by the close-fitting costume of 
 the boy in the centre of the picture, who is blowing bubbles. As a picture 
 of child-life nothing can well be more delightful. 
 

 THE AURIOL FAMILY GROUP 
 
KOU1 ’ IIIKI!|,; CHILUKKN, N A M I (S UNKNOWN 
 
Coll, of Capl. A. Pepys 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING THE OWNER’S GREAT-GRANDFATHER, COL. BLAIR, WITH 
 HIS WIFE, TWO DAUGHTERS AND AN AYAH 
 
 PAINTED IN INDIA IN 1789 
 
 Coll, of Mr. Robert Marshall 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING MR. AND MRS. HUSSEY, OF WARGRAVE HILL MOUSE, 
 AND THEIR DAUGHTER 
 
GROUP REPRESENTING TWO OF THE OWNER’S ANCESTORS, PORTRAIT OF EDWARD PEARCE, GREAT-GRANDFATHER OF 
 
 CLAUD AND BOYD ALEXANDER, WITH THEIR HINDOO SERVANT THE OWNER 
 
Coll, of Mr. II . B. Middleton Griffin photo 
 
 PORTRAIT OF NATHANIEL MIDDLETON, H.E.I.C. 
 
 RESIDENT AT I.UCKNOW UNDER WARREN HASTINGS (d. 1807), WITH THREE INDIAN OFFICIALS IN ATTENDANCE 
 

Coll, of Mr. H. B. Middleton Griffin pholo 
 
 PORTRAIT GROUP OF ROBERT MORSE (ob. 1816), HIS DAUGHTER SARAH, AFTERWARDS MRS. CATOR, 
 WILLIAM CATOR (ob. 1800) AND ANNE FRANCES MORSE, AFTERWARDS MRS. MIDDLETON (ob. 1823) 
 

Ill 
 
 ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 
 
 Another charming group is that belonging to Captain Pepys, represent- 
 ing the owner’s great-grandfather, Colonel Blair with Mrs. Blair, their 
 two children and the ayah, and here we may again comment on the exceed- 
 ing skill with which Zoffany has painted the dark glowing countenances 
 of the native attendants, delighting, it is evident, in the foil they afforded 
 to the clear complexions of the English children. One daughter in this 
 group is seated at the pianoforte, the other, a much younger child (the 
 grandmother of Captain Pepys), is close up to the ayah and playing with 
 a kitten. The group is well composed, and is quite delightful in its 
 familiar natural arrangement. It was painted in 1789, and is one of 
 Zoffany’s thoroughly successful works. 
 
 A simpler group, representing Claude and Boyd Alexander with their 
 native servant and their dog, belongs to about the same time, but is a far 
 larger picture, as all three figures in it are life-size. 
 
 It belongs to Sir Claude Alexander, and his ancestor in it is reading 
 a letter to his brother just received from his wife, announcing the purchase 
 of the estate of Ballochmyle, where now the painting hangs. 
 
 On the same simple lines Zoffany painted Nathaniel Middleton, the 
 Resident at Lucknow (see p. 93), whom he depicts seated in a certain 
 dignified splendour, attended by three Asiatic officials of high rank, 
 who stand near him, and whose costumes, ornaments and jewels are 
 painted with great skill, and add largely to the resplendent general 
 effect. 
 
 Yet another is the Morse group, belonging to Mr. Middleton, in which 
 Robert Morse is seen playing on the ’cello and his two daughters, Sarah 
 (afterwards Mrs. Cater) and Anne Frances (afterwards Mrs. Middleton) 
 are at the harpsichord, Cater standing near by resting his hand on the 
 instrument. 
 
 Even more successful, because simpler still, is the group belonging to 
 Captain Blunt, in which Suetonius Grant Heatly, a Judge in the East 
 India Company’s Service and Magistrate for the province of Dana, is 
 depicted with his sister Temperance (afterwards Mrs. William Green), 
 attended only by the bearer of the hubble-bubble, the mouthpiece of 
 which the Judge is holding in his hand, while receiving some important 
 native servant, who carries a long, elaborate staff in his hand, and is 
 explaining something to them. 
 
 Here the figures and the composition in the open space could hardly 
 be improved, and the look of evident interest which overspreads each 
 countenance is admirably rendered. The splendid carpet upon which 
 the chairs are placed and the costumes of both persons, the line Dacca 
 muslin of the lady and the elegant small clothes, silk stockings and buckled 
 shoes of Suetonius, and his bunch of seals and pipe are all triumphs of 
 
1 1 2 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 sound painting, while the modelling of the faces and hands in this delight- 
 ful composition is of the very best, and does infinite credit to the artist 
 responsible for it. 
 
 Just as good is the single figure of Patrick Heatly, belonging to the 
 same owner. Zoffany has depicted his sitter on a rock overlooking the 
 sea, shading his eyes with his beaver hat. His face bears an anxious, 
 thoughtful aspect ; he is looking out to sea, watching the ship which bears 
 away his sister, Temperance, to America with her husband, Captain 
 Green, and the whole story is cleverly set forth in the picture. Even the 
 dog near him has caught the same anxiety; he, too, has lost a friend and 
 is distressed, not quite understanding why the person who has so often 
 fed and petted him should be going away from his master and himself. 
 The painting is a charming one, very simple, natural and attractive, and 
 possessing a delightful sense of atmosphere and space. 
 
 Other delightful Indian 1 groups are the two large ones at Oxford 
 belonging to Dr. Blakiston, painted in about 1790 or 1791, representing 
 members of the Dent family; that depicting John Wombwell (already 
 mentioned in connection with the Bridgeman group, p. 109) and his 
 friends, belonging to Mrs. Cartwright, a picture about which we are 
 doubtful; the Macleod groups, painted also in about 1788, belonging 
 to Macleod of Macleod and hanging in Dunvegan Castle, where at one 
 time there certainly was a portrait of Dr. Johnson by Zoffany; the Watts 
 group, introducing the figures of Mir Jafar 2 and his son, Miran, 3 
 reproduced in S. C. Hill’s Betigal in 1756-7 which belongs to Mrs. Watts 
 of Hanslope Park, and the portraits of Beau Wilton and Lady Chambers, 
 which belong to Canon Oldfield. 
 
 There are, moreover, many other groups in existence, both in India 
 and England, which Zoffany painted in India, several of which we have 
 been unable to describe, but a sufficient number has been mentioned to 
 give an adequate presentation of the class of painting the artist carried 
 out in that country, and by which he obtained much renown and high 
 recompense. 
 
 One only of them, so far as we know, appeared at the Royal Academy, 
 and that was the painting of Haidar Beg’s 4 mission to Lord Cornwallis. 
 
 This, Zoffany on his return to England, sent in to the exhibition of 
 1795, and bitterly did Anthony Pasquin criticise it. 
 
 His critical remarks were evidently intended to be sarcastic, and they 
 must be quoted as evidence of the sort of coarse abuse with which Williams 
 treated the artists of his day. 
 
 1 Mr. Tennyson alludes to a picture by Zoffany painted “ in the Indian manner,” 
 but does not specify to which picture he refers. 
 
 2 3 4 Al so spelled Hyderbeck and Hyderbeg. 
 
Coll, of Captain and M iss I3hml 
 
 PORTRAIT OF PATRICK HEATLY, H.E.I.C., LOOKING OUT TO SICA WATCHING THE SHIP WHICH TAKES HIS 
 SISTER TEMPERANCE AWAY FROM INDIA TO AMERICA WITH HER HUSBAND, CAPTAIN W. GREEN 
 
Coll, of Mrs. Walls 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING WILLIAM WATTS, GOVERNOR OF FORT WILLIAM, IN BENGAL. NEGOTIATING THE 
 TREATY OF 1757 WITH MIR JAFAR AND HIS SON MI RAN 
 This event preceded the arrival of Zoffany but Watts required its commemoration in the group to be painted 
 

 
 
Coll, of Mrs. Watts 
 
 WILLIAM WATTS 
 
 GOVERNOR OF FORT WILLIAM IN BENGAL 
 
 He was a prominent figure in the negotiation that preceded the capture of Calcutta by Siraj-ud-Daula and the battle of Plasscy 
 
' 
 
 Coll, of Mrs. Walts 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MRS. WATTS ( ob . 1812, cel. 87) 
 
 Who, after the death of her third husband, married a Bengal Chaplain, the Rev. W. Johnson, and was known as 
 “ the Begum Johnson.” Her daughter Amelia was the first wife of Sir Charles Jenkinson, afterwards 1st 
 
 Lord Hawksbury and 1st Earl of Liverpool. 
 
Coll, of Mr. Francis Edwards from that of Miss Winter, fo whom it came direct from Warren Hastings 
 
 PORTRAIT OF BENERAM PUNDIT, THE VAKEEL OR MINISTER OF THE RAJAH 
 
 OF BERAR 
 
 He rendered great service to Warren Hastings during the Benares Insurrection, and was highly 
 
 esteemed by him 
 
 1 
 
 4f~’ * r T ' f f?1'r? r rr r rtf r^r^rrrrrrrt'rpr-’ r r • ' •• * 
 
 u. IU<»< m i mil »|I— mi >■»><.» .1. . I. 
 
 
 
 ^ ^ ^ • - " '4 /* 
 
 Fri- 
 
 :• 5 
 
loll, of Mr. E. S. Mostyn Pryce 
 
 AN INDIAN SCENE 
 
 The picture is believed to represent some houses in Lucknow, but at present they cannot be identified. 
 
Coll, of Mr. C. Nugent Humble Keohan photo 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING MR. AND MRS. THOMAS RICE, THEIR SON. MR. STEPHEN RICE, FATHER 
 OF THOMAS SPRING RICE, ist LORD MONTEAGLE, THEIR DAUGHTER, CHRISTIANA RICE, AFTER- 
 WARDS MRS. FOSBERY AND THE SONS OF MRS. RICE BY HER FIRST HUSBAND, MR. COLLIS 
 
ZOFFANY IN I N D I A— 1783-1789 113 
 
 Thus he speaks — 1 
 
 “ From the same, p. 20, No. 125, Hyderbeg on his mission to 
 Lord Cornwallis, with a ‘ View of the Granary,’ erected by Warren 
 Hastings, Esq., at Patna. J. Zoffani, R.A. 
 
 “ This performance furnishes a melancholy proof how far the 
 human powers may decay, before the agent in error will resign his 
 weak propensities; in speaking of the grouping and the colouring, 
 we know not which to condemn first, as both so irresistibly demand 
 our scorn. In the management of this picture (as in that he exhibited 
 last year, of the “ Parisians plundering the King’s Cellar at Paris ”), 
 he has laboured hard to sacrifice the dignity of humanity, to the 
 pride and parade of aristocracy; indeed, he seems so familiar with 
 slavery, and so enamoured of its effects, that we doubt if even the 
 black catalogue of governing infamy can furnish a subject equal to 
 his hunger of degradation.” 
 
 It may be permissible in completing this chapter to mention that the 
 Prince of Wales (now the present King), in speaking at the Royal Academy 
 banquet in May 1907, made reference to the relation of the Empire to 
 Art, and recommended artists to go to India to learn for themselves 
 how “ great are the beauties of the vast and silent jungles, how gorgeous 
 the sunset effects of the deserts ”; while he reminded his hearers that one 
 of the earliest Royal Academicians, Zoffany, faced all the difficulties of a 
 journey to India more than 120 years ago, and with “ great success both 
 to the world of art, notably to that of portraiture, and to himself.” 
 
 1 Pasquin’s Guide, p. 20. 
 
 1 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 zoffany’s return home 
 
 We hear of Mrs. Zoffany during her husband’s absence in India, from 
 the gossipy pages of Mrs. Papendiek’s Diary , in which there are repeated 
 allusions to her. 
 
 Thus, for example, Mrs. Papendiek writes — 
 
 “ Mr. Papendiek now took lodgings at the house of Clarke, the 
 Queen’s footman, in Eaton Street, Pimlico. . . . Mrs. Zoffany then 
 came to stay with us for a week. She told us that a friend had 
 lent her a house in Hart Street, Bloomsbury, for one year, while her 
 house at Strand-of-the-Green 1 was being repaired. She wished us 
 to go to her whenever we liked so to do, but it was too far from 
 our beat to afford any convenience.” 2 
 
 A page or two later on she again refers to the house in Hart Street, 
 thus — 
 
 “ The Royal family, going for a week or two to town on account 
 of some foreigners, we took the opportunity of paying a long-promised 
 visit to Mrs. Zoffany. Her house in Hart Street was at the corner 
 of Church Passage, and one watchman’s box was close to her front 
 door, a second being stationed up the passage. It was a comfort 
 to feel so well protected, for just after . . . housebreaking and 
 robbery of every description were very prevalent. 
 
 “ Just after I left, having stayed a week in every comfort of friend- 
 ship, Mrs. Watkins arrived from India, and by Mr. Zoffany’s desire, 
 made his wife’s abode her home pro tempore. She was protected 
 on the voyage by Maddison, the great stockbroker , 3 who managed all 
 Zoffany’s affairs, and of whom Zoffany painted such an admirable 
 portrait that it was engraved.” 4 
 
 1 Mrs. Papendiek styles this place Strand-of-the-Green. It should really be called 
 Strand-on-the-Green. 
 
 2 Mrs. Papendiek, I. 266. 3 See pp. 79 and 81. 4 Mrs. Papendiek, I. 281. 
 
 1 14 
 
ZOFFANY’S RETURN HOME 
 
 11 S 
 
 Again briefly she adds — 
 
 “ Poor Mr. Papendiek was in great anxiety at leaving me, as I was 
 very near my confinement, but Mrs. Zoffany promised she would 
 remain with me, and very kindly did. She brought me the silver 
 tags to lace my gown ornamentally, which Augusta now has in her 
 amateur theatrical wardrobe.” 1 
 
 Then in 1789 Mrs. Zoffany went out to Strand-on-the-Green and 
 Mrs. Papendiek went to stay with her, and made her house the place 
 from which she was to come up to London in connection with the 
 public thanksgiving for the King’s recovery from his long and serious 
 illness. 
 
 She says — 
 
 “ And now a letter arrived from Mr. Papendiek desiring that I 
 would immediately repair to Kew to partake of the general joy, saying 
 that he had secured me a bed at dear Mrs. Zoffany’s, where he knew 
 I should be happy. Her daughters were still at home, so I did not 
 attempt to trouble her with any of my children, but Charlotte, who 
 still suffered from her chilblains, I took to my mother’s, where she 
 was a welcome guest both to her and to my brother. With warmth 
 and good nursing she began to get better, yet the spring had quite 
 set in before we could say she was really well. 
 
 “ After making all necessary arrangements for my other children 
 I went off to Strand-of-the-Green, which was near Kew, where I 
 was most kindly and hospitably received by Mrs. Zoffany. . . . 2 
 
 “ In the meantime,” she adds, “ public rejoicings (for the King’s 
 recovery) had full vent, and a general illumination and great demon- 
 stration were fixed for March 9. On that morning Mr. Papendiek 
 arrived in a chaise to take Mrs. Zoffany and myself to see all the 
 preparations. She excused herself on account of her children being 
 at home and of her own illuminating difficulties. I therefore started 
 off with Mr. Papendiek alone, he telling Mrs. Zoffany that she was 
 not to expect me till she saw me, nor to sit up one moment beyond 
 her usual time for me, as he thought I should probably remain in 
 town.” 3 
 
 For one night Mrs. Papendiek could not return to Mrs. Zoffany 
 and had to go back home to Kew, but the day afterwards she was at 
 Strand-on-the-Green again, and thus refers to her friend — 
 
 1 Mrs. Papendiek, I. 306. 2 Ibid., II. 67. 
 
 3 Ibid., II. 68. 
 
1 16 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 “ Our object in hurrying on to Kew the preceding night, was that 
 my father and Mr. Papendiek should be at their posts. They could 
 not, in consequence, take me round to Mrs. Zoffany’s; besides, it 
 was a pleasure to Mr. Papendiek that I should witness the scene 
 which I have just endeavoured to describe. . . . 
 
 “ The next morning early, I went back to my dear friend at Strand- 
 of-the-Green, in the hope of either taking her to see the Queen’s 
 illumination, or of persuading her to go to London with Mr. 
 Papendiek while I remained to take care of her house. She 
 declined both, so we passed the day together in quiet rest and pleasant 
 intercourse. 
 
 “ Mrs. Zoffany,” she adds, “ then lived in the first of four houses 
 near the river, of which the frontage was precisely the same, and 
 the residents of these houses made their devices of lamps to encom- 
 pass the four . 1 This gave space; the idea was well imagined, and 
 the chaste effect drew the attention of the Queen, whose carriage was 
 ordered to stop on the bridge that their party might see it. The 
 tide was high, and the reflection in the water was almost more 
 beautiful than the thing itself.” 2 
 
 Alluding to the hope of Zoffany’s return from India she next 
 writes — 
 
 “ When my husband left Windsor with the Royal family, my 
 mother came down to me for a few days, bringing my sister, who 
 remained with me till the term recommenced at Mrs. Roach’s. Miss 
 Meyer and the Zoffanys also returned, but my friend could not be 
 prevailed upon to remain with me, as she was now expecting Mr. 
 Zoffany’s return from India almost daily.” 3 
 
 Of that journey home we have heard of but one incident, and that 
 relates to a terrible experience the travellers had in the Indian Ocean. 
 The vessel 4 was wrecked and the passengers escaped in boats, but that 
 in which Zoffany was, came short of food, and according to the traditions 
 in the family, which are said to rest upon fact, lots were cast on the boat 
 as to who should be killed; and eventually one sailor, who was in a very 
 weak state, either succumbed to his injuries or was put out of his misery 
 
 1 Zoffany had evidently sent over plenty of money from India, for this illumination 
 must have been a costly affair. 
 
 2 Mrs. Papendiek, II. 75. 3 Ibid., II. 116. 
 
 4 It has been stated, and in print, that Zoffany returned from India on the 
 
 Brilliant, but that is not possible, as the vessel was wrecked in 1782. 
 
Coll, of Miss Ellen Beachcroft Gray photo 
 
 PORTRAIT OF ZOFFANY PAINTED BY HIMSELF IMMEDIATELY 
 UPON HIS RETURN FROM INDIA 
 
ZOFFANY’S RETURN HOME 
 
 117 
 
 and the others had to eat his flesh, roasted in some primitive fashion, in 
 order to keep themselves alive. 
 
 Whether this horrible occurrence took place on the boat, or on an island, 
 is not clear, but it is generally said to have happened on one of the Andaman 
 Islands ; and it is stated that the experience had such an effect on Zoffany 
 that he from that time had a melancholy cast of countenance, 1 and was 
 very different in every respect from the jovial, enthusiastic, gay man he 
 had been in India. 
 
 From Mrs. Papendiek we hear that he had also been seized with an 
 attack of paralysis. This is supposed to have arisen from his experiences 
 after he left India, and it is declared to have happened in the Mediter- 
 ranean during the later part of the voyage. He was certainly lame in 
 1801 (see p. 109). 
 
 Of his actual return, Mrs. Papendiek speaks in the long and curious 
 account she gives of a concert at her house. It is worth referring to as 
 there are three allusions in it to Zoffany, who appears to have arrived 
 home at quite an unexpected moment. 
 
 She writes thus— 
 
 “No one else in any way peculiarly remarkable was at this meeting 
 except Mr. Zoffany, who surprised us at dinner. He had only 
 recently returned from India, whither he had gone so many years 
 before. 
 
 “ We could but be rejoiced at his return, although sorry to see him 
 so changed. For during the voyage home he had been seized with 
 an attack of paralysis, from which he certainly never thoroughly 
 recovered. During dinner we began to explain to him the nature 
 of the evening’s amusement, but he told us that he had heard all 
 about it at Mrs. Roach’s, where he had called to see his daughters 
 on alighting from the coach.” 
 
 She then goes on to describe the concert to be held at her home “ to 
 hear the boy Bridgetower 2 play,” and all the difficulties connected there- 
 with and adds— 
 
 “ Zoffany (was) extremely satirical upon the whole affair; and, 
 as may be easily inferred, I was tired and agitated by my exertions, 
 and became almost hysterical, but in the occupation of getting all 
 completed by the time appointed, I recovered my power of action, 
 and went through the whole evening with credit to myself under the 
 
 1 See an allusion to his portrait, painted after his return, on p. 128. 
 
 2 A young negro violinist very popular at that time. 
 
1 1 8 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 continued sarcasm of Zoffany and the very few smiles of approbation 
 from Mr. Papendiek.” 
 
 Finally she adds — 
 
 “ Twenty-five guineas Mr. Papendiek put into Bridgetower’s 
 hand, taking nothing from Mr. Jervois as he compelled him to come. 
 The ladies being gone I went to bed, after making arrangements for 
 Zoffany, but the gentlemen made a merry evening of it.” 1 
 
 One of the notable pictures which Zoffany painted after his return 
 rom India was certainly not amongst his successes, and in its compo- 
 sition and technique betrays the hand of a man who was weakened and 
 exhausted by exposure and suffering. 
 
 Later on, he was to regain almost all his accustomed vigour; but in 
 this work, the altar-piece at Brentford, which he executed in the early 
 days of arrival home, when full of the memories of the somewhat similar 
 work he had painted in Calcutta ; he fell distinctly below his average 
 skill. 
 
 Moreover, Zoffany was never at home in sacred subjects. He painted 
 in a far too theatrical manner, and the emotion was superficial and stagey. 
 He could not rid himself of his method and style in painting dramatic 
 scenes on the boards, and the sacred pictures gave no opportunity what- 
 ever for his love of splendour in costume, his enthusiasm over a rich 
 colour-scheme, nor even for his neat manner of painting fabrics and 
 accessories. This is not to say that the Brentford altar-piece is an unim- 
 portant picture — far from that. The faces are well painted, the figures 
 ably grouped, the contrast between the white cloth on the table and 
 the prevailing gloom cleverly accentuated, but the composition partakes 
 of the stage, and the feeling is forced and sentimental without being 
 religious. The picture was, it is stated, intended for Kew Church ( not 
 for St. George’s Chapel, Windsor, as one authority states), and it is said 
 that reports having reached the King concerning the Calcutta altar-piece 
 and its high merits, His Majesty suggested that a similar one should be 
 done for Kew. When finished, however, the authorities at Kew refused 
 to pay the price Zoffany demanded for the work, and he, to show his 
 independence, forthwith made it a gift to St. George’s Church, Brentford 
 (hence the confusion with St. George’s Chapel, Windsor), and there it 
 still is. 
 
 Again in this picture Zoffany pursued the very course which had got 
 
 1 Mrs. Papendiek, II. 137. 
 
0 ) 
 
 PAINTING OF THE LAST SUPPER, IN WHICH ZOFFANY INCLUDED PORTRAITS OF HIS WIFE AND OF THEIR NEIGHBOUR 
 
ZOFFANY’S RETURN HOME 
 
 IX 9 
 
 him into discredit in India. He had a furious quarrel with an attorney 
 at Kew over the draft for his will, and forthwith used his countenance 
 in the altar-piece, in the figure of Judas Iscariot, thereby setting the people 
 of Kew against him, for the man was respected in the place and was in 
 high office in connection with the Church. Mrs. Oldfield, who as a child 
 was taken to worship at Brentford, used constantly to gaze at the picture 
 which was her grandfather’s work, and she declares that at least three 
 persons, including the attorney in question, have been pointed out to her 
 as those whose portraits appeared in it. In this picture Zoffany himself 
 is represented as St. Peter, a strong, full face, with a small grey beard; 
 and the face of St. John is that of the painter’s wife, taken from a portrait 
 he drew of her when she was quite a girl. The other apostles were 
 painted from local fishermen. 
 
 “ The grandson of one of these men,” says a contemporary writer, 
 “ was so exactly like his grandsire that he might have been taken for the 
 original of the figure in the canvas.” 
 
 “ The two altar-pieces,” he continues, “ do not agree in their arrange- 
 ment. In the foreground of the painting at Calcutta are a great laver of 
 brass with an ewer and small dish, while in the Brentford picture their place 
 is occupied by two figures, who appear about to descend from the ‘ large 
 upper room ’ by steps, to which access is given by an opening in the floor. 
 The figures are those of a white youth and a negro, the latter a portrait 
 of the artist’s ‘ black slave.’ It is thought that Zoffany, by the introduc- 
 tion of these two figures, negro and Caucasian, in connection with the 
 Jewish type, wished to exemplify the three races of mankind — the descen- 
 dants of Shem, Ham and Japhet — sharers alike in the blessings of the 
 new dispensation.” 
 
 Zoffany was fond of painting negroes. He painted, so Angelo tells, 
 a small whole-length of a black man named Soubise, who though not 
 tall, was well proportioned, and, what is so rare with the black sons of 
 Africa, had well-formed legs. Zoffany “ painted this picture for Doctor 
 Kennedy, who presented it to the Duchess of Queensberry as it was under- 
 stood, to further the interests of the subsequently unfortunate Doctor 
 Dodd,” his intimate friend, “ whom,” adds Angelo, “ in my young days, 
 I often met at Doctor Kennedy’s . 1 
 
 Later on the Duchess of Queensberry gave away the portrait to Mrs. 
 Angelo, and by Mrs. Angelo it was given to Burgess, her solicitor in 
 Curzon Street. There is no further trace of it. 
 
 Elmes gives us a story of a picture painted at about this time which 
 is another proof of the independence of our painter. He says that 
 “ Zoffanii once painted a small whole-length of a gentleman, standing by 
 
 1 Angelo’s Reminiscences, 351. 
 
120 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 his favourite Arabian horse. When the piece was finished the owner, 
 thinking the price very high, refused to take away his picture, on some 
 frivolous pretence, such as the buttons of the blue coat being white instead 
 of yellow , upon which Zoffany sent the painting to a public sale-room, 
 where it remained long exposed ; and the owner was, at last, so much 
 ashamed of his meanness as to send for it at the painter’s price.” 1 
 
 The pictures which he sent to the Royal Academy in his later years 
 were sometimes received with applause and sometimes with caustic 
 criticism. 2 
 
 Upon one picture which Zoffany sent in for the Exhibition in 1795 
 Anthony Pasquin poured out the vials of his wrath. It was called 
 “Plundering the King’s Cellar at Paris, August 10, 1793,” and was the 
 subject of a brilliant mezzotint scraped by Earlom and published in the 
 same year. 
 
 It was not a pleasing picture, and the Morning Herald of the day says 
 that it was painted in accordance with a very broad hint given to Zoffany 
 by the Royal family and was intended as a sort of moral lesson or 
 warning. 3 Forcible it undoubtedly is, and very cleverly composed, while 
 from the engraving it would appear to have been painted with great skill, 
 but the original picture cannot now be traced. 
 
 It certainly did not deserve the bitter and cruel comments passed 
 upon it by Williams, when in his Authentic History of the Artists of England 
 and Royal Academicians , 4 after referring in scurrilous fashion to Zoffany’s 
 career in India, he goes on to say that — 
 
 “ In the moments of his weakness, or his antipathy, he embodied 
 a group of Parisians plundering the King's cellar : and this vulgar 
 untruth was exhibited with all the pride of a gothic sacrifice to 
 Prejudice ! 
 
 1 Elmes’s Art and Artists, II. 207. 
 
 2 It was to this period of Zoffany’s career that Peter Pindar alluded in his sarcastic 
 lines in which he pokes fun at two of the Academicians, Dominic Serres and Zoffany. 
 Thus he wrote — 
 
 “ Serres and Zoffani I ween, 
 
 I better works of yours have seen ; 
 
 You’ll say no compliment can well be colder, 
 
 Why, as you scarce are in your prime, 
 
 And wait the strengthening hand of Time, 
 
 I hope that you’ll improve as you grow older.” 
 
 If these lines from Ode X were written, as is supposed, in about 1793, Serres must have 
 been seventy-one at the time and Zoffany nearly sixty, so the sarcasm was very self- 
 evident and needlessly cruel. 
 
 3 There is little or no evidence for the accuracy of this statement. 
 
 4 Page 34. 
 
ZOFFANY’S RETURN HOME 
 
 121 
 
 “ Every candid observer must consider this foul production as 
 one of those irregular tributes to the malice and folly of the moment, 
 which every mean man is eager to pay to those who have purposes 
 to answer, which are not very consonant with truth, humanity, or 
 justice. Of all the pieces I have seen from the pencil of Mr. Zoffanii, 
 this is the most unlike himself; he evidently labours to tread in the 
 steps of Mr. Hogarth, but is truly unsuccessful. This savage 
 assemblage of monsters are denied the possession of human linea- 
 ments by this indignant German. It is but too certain that the mobs 
 of Paris committed atrocities at which a generous nature will shudder ; 
 yet I do not think that the cause of morality will be much strengthened 
 by making the perpetrators of a crime singularly deformed and 
 repulsively hideous : this offending spectacle can only be reviewed 
 with pleasure by a blackguard or an assassin.” 
 
 Speaking of the picture Zoffany sent to the Academy in the following 
 year entitled “ Mr. Townsend as the beggar in the pantomime of Merry 
 Shenoood ,” another work which, unfortunately, we cannot find, Anthony 
 Pasquin is rather less severe, but still a little cruel. He declared that the 
 portrait was not that of Townsend, but was taken from Lord Mansfield, 
 and added — 
 
 “ This portrait is eminently characteristic, with a strict adherence 
 to the minutiae of the stage dress. The countenance partakes of all 
 the muscular whim of the original — the contour and expression of this 
 supplicating visage is so like the Earl of Mansfield, that many have 
 supposed it the amiable Peer trying his powers in a masquerade habit.” 1 
 
 This picture, however, which marks Zoffany’s best work after his 
 return from India, is the famous one of the Towneley Museum or Towneley 
 Marbles which now belongs to Lord O’Hagan, and was the subject of a 
 large mezzotint scraped by W. H. Worthington. 
 
 Charles Towneley, the famous collector, had taken a house near to 
 St. James’s Park, 7, Park Street (now 14, Queen Anne’s Gate) for the 
 reception of the priceless treasures he had brought from Italy, as his 
 principal residence was away in Lancashire, a place impossible for the 
 connoisseurs of the day to reach, and one widely removed from the neigh- 
 bourhood of those who w T ould admire his treasures and help to unravel 
 their history. 
 
 Here, in an inner hall lighted by a skylight, he arranged some of his 
 vast collection, and the picture Zoffany painted show him seated amidst 
 what a recent writer calls “ a welter of statues,” surrounded with marble 
 
 1 Memoirs of the Royal Academicians, p. 13. 
 
122 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 figures, sepulchral tablets, cinerary urns, sarcophagi, bas-reliefs, columns, 
 winged creatures, busts and the like, a treasure house of the spoils 
 he had gathered up in Rome when the contents of Hadrian’s Villa 
 were dispersed, and which he had captured by the strength of his 
 purse from those who were striving to obtain them for such august per- 
 sonages as Prince Borghese, the Empress of Russia, the Kings of Prussia 
 and Sweden, and even the Pope himself. 
 
 Towneley sits in a stately chair with “ his faithful dog, Kam, at his 
 feet, a native of Kamschatka, whose mother was one of the dogs yoked to a 
 sledge which drew Captain King in that place,” 1 holding open on his 
 knees a folio- work on classic art, and is in conversation concerning an 
 attribution with the renowned M. d’Hancarville, then his intimate friend. 
 In the background stand Charles Greville and Sir Thomas Astle, also in 
 conversation, and all four portraits are worthy of Zoffany at his very best. 
 
 D’Hancarville, it will be remembered, was “ one of the band of 
 virtuosos who helped to explain the basso-rilievos on the Portland Vase,” 
 and for a while Towneley relied on his judgment and agreed with his 
 decisions. Later on, they quarrelled, concerning, it is said, the authen- 
 ticity of a torso, and Lord O’Hagan has in his possession a pocket-book 
 containing a list of statues and busts, against which Mr. Towneley has 
 written in red ink “ scathing marginal notes demolishing the pretensions 
 of some of d’PIancarville’s finds.” 
 
 In this picture Zoffany, however, pursued the plan he had adopted in 
 Florence, years before. As in the “ Tribuna ” picture he crowded into the 
 one room treasures from all parts of the gallery in a glorious, rich and 
 grand profession, so here, to produce a “ fine, grand eloquent effect,” 
 he has enlarged the appearance of this inner hall, which was far too small, 
 Lady Strachey tells us, in her article on the Towneley marbles, to receive 
 all the statues. It is still in its original proportions, and Zoffany has 
 crowded in many more groups and urns, busts, columns and tablets 
 than it could ever at any time have received. 
 
 It was really in the beautiful dining-room of the house — a room of 
 elegant and dignified proportions — the same writer assures us, that 
 Towneley had placed his largest and best statues, and in this room he 
 entertained the artists and critics of the day. 
 
 The “ Diana,” the “ Drunken Faun,” the “ Clytie,” 2 “ Discobolus,” 
 
 1 Smith’s Nollekens, Lane’s edit., I. 213. 
 
 2 Towneley was so attached to the famous bust of Clytie, which he regarded as 
 his most precious possession, that he often spoke of it as “ his wife,” and when his 
 house was threatened by the rioters in the Gordon Riots and he himself as a Catholic 
 had to leave it in great haste, he carried this precious bust with him into his carriage, 
 saying, that even in all his hurry and speed he could not be separated from “ his wife ” ! 
 
CHARLES TOVVNELEY AND HIS FRIENDS IN THE TOYVNELEY GALLERY, 
 PARK STREET, WESTMINSTER 
 
 FROM THE ENGRAVING BY WORTHINGTON AFTER ZOFFANY 
 
ZOFFANY’S RETURN HOME 
 
 123 
 
 “ Adonis,” “ Venus,” and other great treasures were all exhibited in this 
 room, and the “ Elegant Memoirs of Towneley,” which appeared in the 
 General Chronicle and Literary Magazine of 1 8 1 1 , speaks of the beauty of 
 this apartment. 
 
 “ Lamps,” it adds, “ were placed to form the happiest contrast of 
 light and shade, and the improved effects of the marble amounted by this 
 means almost to animation. ... To a mind replete with classical imagery 
 the illusion was perfect.” 
 
 Zoffany’s task was, however, to paint the inner-hall, to show all 
 the treasures in it that he could , 1 and in that respect he has ably 
 succeeded. 
 
 The apartment appears in the picture to be of imposing size, and, 
 even though the marbles are somewhat crowded, each is well seen in the 
 space given to it, and the arrangement is so skilful that each object has 
 its proper place, and an adequate view of it is not obscured by any other 
 or any larger statue or figure. There is, moreover, a vacant space in the 
 foreground on which the eye can rest with relief, and as regards the four 
 persons depicted in the room, Zoffany was never more successful in viva- 
 cious clever portraiture. As in the “Tribuna” picture, the result is a 
 pictorial document of great importance, rendered even more precious 
 by its delightful scheme of colour and sound portrait painting. 
 
 Smith, in his Nollekens and His Times , 2 gives us a full description of 
 the room in Park Street and of the treasures they contained, and he con- 
 fesses that all the best of the marbles were brought into the painting by 
 Zoffany who made the contents “ up into a picturesque composition 
 according to his own taste.” He also alluded to Towneley’s dinner-parties, 
 at which both Reynolds and Zoffany figured amongst the guests. 
 
 Further, he tells us, and he was qualified to judge, that “ the likeness 
 
 1 In Towneley’s note of instructions to Zoffany he desires him to represent in his 
 picture, the following marbles — 
 
 Statue of Discobolus found near Tivoli. 
 
 Statue of Diana crouching, found in the Veroosi (sic) Villa. 
 
 Head of Marcus Aurelius. 
 
 Statue of Venus found at Ostia. 
 
 Group of Faun and Nymphs found near Tivoli. 
 
 Bust of Isis (the Clytie) in a very prominent position in the picture. 
 
 Head of Homer found at Baiae. 
 
 Statue of a young Bacchus. 
 
 Bust of Lucius Verus. 
 
 Head of Decebalus. 
 
 Head of a Bacchante. 
 
 Small statue of Cupid bending his bow. 
 
 Statue of Silenus. 
 
 2 I. 213, in Lane’s illustrated edit. 
 
124 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 of Mr. Towneley is extremely good. He is seated and looks like the 
 dignified possessor of such treasures.” 
 
 Of his three friends it suffices to add that Pierre Francis Hugues 
 d’Hancarville was the author of Recherches sur VHistoire VOrigine, VEsprit 
 et les Progres , des Arts de la Gr'ece, 1785; Astle was the antiquarian and 
 palaeographer, who became, in 1783, Keeper of the Records and was a 
 correspondent of Dr. Johnson; and Greville was the second son of the 
 first Earl of Warwick, a fashionable connoisseur, whose name is chiefly 
 remembered in connection with that of Lady Hamilton. 
 
 The picture was engraved first by Stow, who left it unfinished, 
 and it was completed by Carden. The better-known print is, however, 
 the one by Worthington. 
 
 The marbles, urns, busts and other treasures are now in the British 
 Museum, as they were purchased by that institution, in 1808, after the 
 decease of Mr. Towneley. 1 
 
 Lord O’Hagan owns also another important painting by Zoffany 
 representing six connoisseurs more or less connected with the Society 
 of Dilettanti. Towneley had joined this Society in 1786, but he did 
 not present his portrait to it as the members were generally “ ordered by 
 the Society ” to do. Whether he intended to give Zoffany’s group to 
 the Society we do not know, but if he did not make such an arrangement 
 he must have paid a guinea a year “ face money ” during all his twenty 
 years of membership. Whatever may have been his intention, the Society 
 never obtained the painting, which now hangs at Pyrgo Park. 
 
 The six persons in it are Mr. Charles Towneley, Mr. Charles Price, 2 
 Dr. Verdun, Dr. Oliver, 3 Mr. Richard Holt, and Captain Wynn. 4 
 
 1 We should, perhaps, refer in brief fashion to these marbles because no 
 such collection was ever before brought together, and it constitutes the main artistic 
 importance of the classical collection in the Museum. It includes representations of 
 Zeus, Hera, Demeter, Apollo, Artemis, Endymion, Actseon, Athene; (4 examples) 
 Aphrodite; (5 examples) Hermes, Dionysos; (11 examples) Ariadne, Pan; (4 ex- 
 amples) Eros, Thalia, Victory, Fortune, Cybele, Atys, Hecate, Heracles; (6 examples) 
 Midas, Mithras, and the Nymphs and Satyrs, besides twenty other figures, many 
 sarcophagi, mural reliefs, votive reliefs and the like. 
 
 Furthermore, there are in this famous collection busts of Homer, Sophocles, Hippo- 
 crates, Epicurus, Nero, Trajan, Hadrian, Sabina, Antoninus Pius, Faustina, Marcus 
 Aurelius, Septimus Severus, Caracalla, Gordianus Africanus, Otacilia Severa, and 
 many other notable persons, and it was from the Bacchic scene on a vase in the Towneley 
 collection that Sir Sidnej' Cohan, in his Memoir of Keats (p. 416), suggests that the 
 poet drew his inspiration for some of the well-known phrases in his Ode on a Grecian 
 Urn. 
 
 2 Sir Charles, 2nd Bart. (1732-1788). 
 
 3 William Oliver, physician. 
 
 4 None of these men save Towneley were ever actual members of the famous 
 Society of Dilettanti. 
 
>11. of Lord 0’ Hagan Warham fliolo 
 
 A GROUP REPRESENTING CERTAIN CONNOISSEURS, WITH MR. CHARLES TOWNELEY, INSPECTING A MARBLE FIGURE 
 DR. VERDUN, DR. OLIVER, MR. PRICE, MR. HOLT AND CAPTAIN WYNN 
 
Coll, of the Garrick Club. nG 
 
 THOMAS KNIGHT (17647-1820), ACTOR AND PLAYWRIGHT 
 
 AS ROGER IN “ THE GHOST ” 
 
 Knight’s wife was Margaret Farren, sister of the Countess of Derby 
 
ZOFFANY’S RETURN HOME 
 
 !25 
 
 Of the other pictures sent in by Zoffany to the Royal Academy we 
 have only been able to trace one, that representing “ Mr. Knight as the 
 Clown in the farce of The Ghost ” (no). That is now hanging in the 
 Garrick Club. 
 
 To the “ Hyderbeg on his mission to Lord Cornwallis” (125) which 
 was also hung in 1796, we have already alluded in Chapter V. The 
 picture was engraved in mezzotint by Earlom, but where the original now 
 is, we cannot say. 
 
 “ Susanna and the two Elders ” (195), exhibited in 1796, “ Moses and 
 Pharaoh’s Daughter” (101), exhibited in 1800, and no less than three 
 versions of “ Joseph and Mary on their flight to Egypt,” also exhibited in 
 the same year (224, 225 and 522), were doubtless unsatisfactory pictures 
 as Zoffany’s religious works were perfunctory, but “ A Beggar’s Family ” 
 (152), exhibited in 1797, and a “ Professor of the Harp ” (167), exhibited 
 in 1798, it would be interesting to find, if only for the fact that they were 
 the last important works sent in to the Academy by the artist, who at the 
 time he exhibited them was over seventy years old. 
 
 They, however, and the portrait of Miss C. Zoffany (283), exhibited 
 in 1790, have so far eluded our most careful search. 
 
 Another important work which Zoffany painted was called “ The 
 Wreck of the Brilliant .” It was an imaginary scene depicting a wreck 
 which took place off the coast of India in 1782 while Zoffany was in that 
 country, but we have been unable to find it. 
 
 The picture has often been mentioned, but no one appears to know 
 where it now is. 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 ZOFFANY HIMSELF, AND HIS WIFE AND FAMILY 
 
 (Zoffany, his grand-daughter tells us, was a very tall man, and she 
 adds that this, indeed, was one of the reasons why he had to relinquish 
 the journey round the world with Cook and Sir Joseph Banks, since the 
 cabin accommodation was far too small for him. 
 
 She also informs us that he was a quick and hot-tempered man, and 
 frequently got into trouble with his friends and family. 
 
 Angelo also describes him as “ a very tall man,” and goes on to say 
 “ he was a very ugly man, and very much marked by small-pox ” in later 
 years. 
 
 The fact of his unusual height is an argument in favour of the authen- 
 ticity of the portrait of a young man holding a palette and brushes which 
 belongs to Mr. W. J. Davies, and has always been known as a portrait 
 of Zoffany. Who painted it, is not known, but it has been attributed to 
 Zoffany himself and also to Mortimer, and if it be Mortimer’s work 
 there is another argument in its favour, as we have already seen how 
 intimate were the two artists in their early days (see p. 14). 
 
 In other respects, however, the painting in question does not offer 
 very close resemblance to the pictures we possess of the artist which are 
 of undoubted authenticity, save in respect to the hair, which, both in the 
 manner in which it falls over the forehead and stands off by the ears, does 
 undoubtedly resemble the hair in the later portraits. There is no par- 
 ticular reason, therefore, for refusing to accept the traditional ascription, 
 more especially as Mr. Davies’ portrait is the only one with which we are 
 acquainted that even professes to show us the appearance of our painter 
 when he was young, save a fine signed drawing belonging to Mr. Lane. 
 
 To a much later date belongs the fine portrait of Zoffany by himself, 
 now in the collection of Mr. John Lane, a remarkable oil-painting, and of 
 unusually large size and brilliant colouring. 
 
 Here we see the artist as a fashionable young man, when concerts 
 and water-parties were the order of the day, and when he was making and 
 spending money freely. He wears a scarlet coat, greenish-grey waistcoat 
 trimmed with gold lace, breeches to match and silk stockings. There 
 
 126 
 
Coll, of Mr. IT. /. Davies 
 
 PORTRAIT 01 ZOPTANY AS A YOUNT. MAN 
 
 IJY IIIMSI L1 
 
 Possibly the portrait exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1771 
 
('TRAIT OF JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 1 e possession of Mr. John Lane 
 
 
ENGRAVED REPRODUCTION OF THE PORTRAIT ZOFFANY PAINTED OF HIMSELF, FOR 
 THE UFFIZI GALLERY, IN FLORENCE 
 Taken from Museo Fiorentino Ritratti di Pittori 
 
ZOFFANY, HIS WIFE AND FAMILY 127 
 
 are lace ruffles at his wrists, and he lolls back in a comfortable red-covered 
 chair, against a large cushion, with his legs crossed and a book in his 
 hand, supremely satisfied with the world and himself. 
 
 Even more interesting, as representing the artist of mature age, is the 
 signed portrait he drew of himself in pastel and pencil, which has 
 never left the family possession. It now belongs to Miss S. J. Beachcroft, 
 who has been good enough to have it photographed for the first time 
 in its history, in order that it may adorn these pages. Here we see Zoffany 
 as the artist, at his easel, and holding a port-crayon in his hand. His face 
 is full towards the spectator, and he looks out in cheerful fashion from 
 the canvas. 
 
 It is not so easy, with this portrait before us, to regard him as the short- 
 tempered man he was declared to be. He looks amiable and benevolent 
 enough, and it must not be forgotten that the latter term can fittingly 
 be applied to him, for all the family traditions unite in stating that he was 
 “ a generous soul ” and that he gave away many pictures, received small 
 sums for others when his sitters were unable to pay his usual prices, and 
 spent money freely on giving pleasure to other people. 
 
 These kindly attributes may well be assumed from this delightful 
 self-portrait. 
 
 The same benevolence is expressed in a curious engraving of Zoffany 
 taken from his portrait in the Uffizi Gallery, which appears in a book 
 called Museo Florentine) Ritratti di Pittori, a collection of engraved and 
 coloured portraits of the world’s greatest painters of all countries, from 
 the fourteenth century onwards, published between 1731 and 1766. 
 The volume contains 324 portraits, and seems to comprise every artist 
 of note from the fourteenth century down to the date of issue of the last 
 part. Very few copies of the book were issued in colours, and it is seldom 
 that any of the illustrations can be found apart from the book. The 
 volume itself is of considerable rarity. Zoffany’s portrait bears the 
 following inscription upon it — 
 
 Giovanni Zoffani Pittore 
 nato in Francfort 1 sopra il Meno 1 ’anno 1773 
 vive in Londra 
 
 and the number 231. He is depicted in a rich fur-trimmed robe holding 
 in one hand a skull and in the other an hour-glass. An Italian landscape 
 is in the distance, while nearer at hand are figures of the Three Graces, 
 a tall marble figure of Apollo, a portfolio inscribed “ Ars longa Vita 
 brevis,” some books, a palette and brushes. Benevolence coupled with 
 
 1 Bearing out the statement concerning his birthplace made on p. 3. 
 
128 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A 
 
 some smug self-satisfaction is again a leading characteristic of his counte- 
 nance, and the print gives altogether a pleasing view of the painter. 
 
 Somewhat otherwise is the impression to be gathered from another 
 family portrait, also photographed for the first time by its obliging owner, 
 Miss Ellen Beachcroft, that it may appear in this book. This is a minia- 
 ture, painted by Zoffany of himself, when he first reached London after 
 his return from India. 
 
 We have already alluded to the terrible experiences of that shipwreck. 
 They had evidently made their impression upon the man. He is seen 
 old, querulous, in poor health and inclined to be irritable, but the face 
 is a striking one, and some resemblance can still be traced between it and 
 the face of the young man in the Davies’ portrait. The miniature is a 
 fine piece of self-presentation, the likeness quite unmistakable, the features 
 clear-cut and deep-set, the hand, with its long fingers, eminently that of 
 an artist, and one who was not in strong health ; the mouth that of a 
 quick-tempered, testy man, and the eyes reveal the same attributes. We 
 see the mind clearly set forth in this portrait, and it enables us to com- 
 prehend many of the subtleties of his character. 
 
 The other miniature preserved in the family, and which belongs to 
 Miss S. J. Beachcroft, represents Zoffany at a far earlier period and in 
 fancy costume. This was not his own work, but painted by some con- 
 temporary artist friend, perhaps by Luke Sullivan, whose technique it 
 somewhat resembles. Unfortunately, the ivory on which it is painted 
 has split, but the features are not interfered with by the accident, and the 
 likeness is unmistakable. The owner has had it photographed that it 
 may form another of our illustrations. 
 
 These portraits are by no means all that we possess of the artist, as he 
 was fond of introducing his own likeness into the groups which he painted. 
 
 We see him — as already mentioned — in a prominent position in the 
 “ Tribuna ” picture, and when in India he is seen in the group repre- 
 senting Colonel Martin and Major Wombwell, seated at his easel. 
 
 In his trip to Scotland he comes, in rather melancholy guise, into the 
 Raith group of the coming of age of William Ferguson, and there is an 
 admirable likeness of him in the Burke group belonging to Mrs. Spencer 
 Percival, where he is to be seen holding his god-daughter in his arms. 
 
 We must not overlook the portrait of himself in the National Portrait 
 Gallery in which his hand rests upon the top of a book or sketching-block, 
 while between his fingers he holds a double port-crayon. This he 
 painted in 1761, when quite a young man, before ever he exhibited with 
 the Society of Artists. 
 
 Furthermore, there is the notable self-portrait belonging to Mrs. Everard 
 Hesketh. 
 
Coll, of Miss S. J. Beachcroft 
 
 W. Gray photo 
 
 MINIATURE REPRESENTING 
 ZOFFANY IN FANCY 
 COSTUME 
 
 Artist unknown, possibly painted 
 by Luke Sullivan 
 
'a///y/ /u// /// ///a f/f 
 
 ■ X'jSs n/s ’s/ r/n / 7 0 7 
 
ZOFFANY, HIS WIFE AND FAMILY 129 
 
 We are not, therefore, at a loss to determine what manner of man he 
 was. 
 
 Unfortunately he was, as has been stated, of a quick, hasty temper, 
 all his life, and could also be very sarcastic upon occasion. 
 
 As an illustration of this, Mrs. Oldfield, his grand-daughter, tells us 
 that her mother, his daughter Laura, when a girl of only twelve, wandered 
 one day into his studio, and seeing on the easel a portrait of a child 
 which to her ideas looked far too pale for the little school-friend whom 
 it represented, helped herself to some carmine and put a little more to the 
 face where she thought it was needed. Zoffany came in soon afterwards, 
 and finding out what had been done, was so incensed by the child’s action 
 that Laura had to be kept out of his sight for nearly a fortnight after this 
 exploit. 1 
 
 Of the children we learn a great deal from Mrs. Papendiek. They 
 are first alluded to by her in 1788 when two of them (the elder two) 
 were, she says, eleven and eight years old, and their education was being 
 considered. 
 
 The elder was Maria Theresa Louisa, so named after the great 
 Empress of Austria, and the younger Cecilia Clementina Elizabeth. 
 Thus Mrs. Papendiek writes — 
 
 “ On my way home I called upon Mrs. Zoffany and I invited her 
 to stay with me, with her two little girls, Theresa and Cecilia, then, 
 I should say, about eleven and eight years old. In a few days she 
 arrived, and at once consulted me about sending her daughters to 
 school, for they were now evidently losing time. I strenuously 
 recommended Streatham, but again Mrs. Roach’s establishment 
 found favour on account of its more accessible position, and with her 
 they were placed in due course. They were to be my little pets, 
 and I begged Mrs. Roach to lose no opportunity of bringing them 
 forward in all points of elegance. They appeared to be amiable, 
 but, poor dears, they preferred joining in all the domestic arrange- 
 ments, and cared little for accomplishments.” 2 
 
 1 Angelo, in his Reminiscences (I. 280), gives us a story relative to Zoffany’s hot 
 temper. He and Zuccarelli, he tells us, were criticising West’s famous picture of 
 “ Regulus.” “ Zuccarelli,” says Angelo, “ who used to visit at my father’s, exclaimed 
 ‘ Here is a painter who promises to rival Nicolas Poussin ! ’ Zoffany, who was not 
 very friendly with Zuccarelli, tauntingly replied : ‘ A figo for Poussin, West has already 
 beaten him out of the field.’ At length these two irritable foreigners got into such a 
 heat with each other, that my father was obliged to interpose. Garrick, who enjoyed 
 their petulance, in relating the dispute, said, the irritable phizzes of these two knights 
 of the palette changed hues, like the throttles of two choleric turkey-cocks.” 
 
 2 Mrs. Papendiek, I. 302 (the names of the children are quoted wrongly). 
 
 K 
 
I 3 0 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 A little later she again refers to their going to school — 
 
 “ My mother and brother came down one day to see baby, and 
 went back the same evening. None of my family were at the christen- 
 ing except my father, and no old friends but Mrs. Zoffany, who, in 
 bringing her little girls to school, again stayed a few days. A few 
 Cheltenham medals struck in honour of the visit were all that Mr. 
 Papendiek had to offer. Mamma had, however, already had a pretty 
 and useful needlebook.” 1 
 
 And again — 
 
 “ Mrs. Roach called now and then, and my sister and the little 
 Zoffanys often passed the Sunday afternoons with us after coming 
 out of church, and went home at dusk in the sedan, but this only 
 when the cold, which showed little sign of abating, was not too 
 severe.” 2 
 
 Her later allusions are not couched in so kindly a spirit. 
 
 She tells the story of the marriage of the second girl, the elder girl, 
 Maria, having already married a physician, John Doratt, who was 
 knighted in 1838. Mrs. Papendiek, however, confuses in this narrative 
 two separate persons who were both named Martin. The Colonel 
 Martin of Leeds Castle, Kent, whom she mentions was not the same 
 person as the Colonel Claud Martin whom Zoffany met in India and who 
 founded ( see p. 104) the Martiniere College in Lucknow. 
 
 Mrs. Papendiek is quite in error in saying that the Colonel Martin 
 who asked the hand of Zoffany’s daughter in marriage, was identical with 
 the personage who appears in the Cock Match picture. 
 
 Here is her account of the second girl’s marriage — 
 
 “ Of the two men standing in the foreground of the cock-fight 
 painting,” she says, “ whose birds are supposed to have been brought 
 to the cruel sport, one is a portrait of the late Colonel Martin of Leeds 
 Castle in Kent, who on coming to this country was introduced to the 
 familv of his friend Zoffany, whose acquaintance he had made in 
 India. He immediately demanded the hand of Cecilia Zoffany in 
 marriage, she being then about sixteen or seventeen years old, and 
 beautiful in the extreme. The Colonel was a fine, handsome-looking 
 man, amiable and kind-hearted, and of immense property. She, 
 foolish girl, refused this eligible offer, and he retired to his castle 
 
 1 Mrs. Papendiek, I. 315. 
 
 2 Ibid. II. 35. 
 
Coll, of Mrs. Everard Hesketh 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MRS. ZOFFANY 
 
 
 Photo by M r Hesketh 
 

ZOFFANY, HIS WIFE AND FAMILY 
 
 1 3 I 
 
 disappointed and mortified . 1 He lived secluded, and at his death 
 left his riches to a family of the name of Wykeham, strangers to 
 him, as he had no relatives. His castle became a complete ruin. 
 
 “ Cecilia contrived to fall in love with Mr. Thomas Horn of 
 Chiswick, fearing that her father would marry her to some one she 
 could not bear, as she termed it. He was an amiable man, but 
 extremely plain, and not very prepossessing. His habits were 
 retiring, and he devoted himself to the school which his father kept 
 at Chiswick with universal honour and credit to himself. Both families 
 entirely disapproved of the match, but Thomas Horn was flattered 
 by the preference of the young lady and they were united. Mr. 
 Zoffany afterwards recommended a general reconciliation on all 
 sides, to encourage the young people to do well; and at last they 
 were received by both families. They had a fine family and went 
 on remarkably well. Zoffany painted a whole-length portrait of 
 Dr. Horn, the father, in his full canonicals, with spirit, and in 
 his first style of excellence. It was a capital likeness and was 
 exhibited . 2 
 
 “ The young couple after a time had the school, which they con- 
 tinued upon the same plan at the Manor House, where all for some 
 time proceeded well. Eventually, however, one circumstance and 
 another brought on most unfortunate disputes, and the Horn 
 family interfering too severely and very injudiciously, Cecilia left her 
 husband, and they were never again reconciled.” 
 
 Whether Mrs. Papendiek, who mixes up names in hopeless confusion, 
 was correct in the story of the quarrel cannot now be stated, but it is 
 clear that the daughters inherited something of their father’s hasty and 
 imperious temper, and that this did not tend towards happiness in the 
 domestic circle. 
 
 Mrs. Papendiek then goes on to speak of the two )^ounger daughters. 
 One was Claudina Sophia Ann, who married Robert, the fourteenth child 
 of Samuel Beachcroft, a Governor of the Bank of England, and amongst 
 her descendants are Mrs. Everard Hesketh, Miss S. J. Beachcroft and 
 Miss Ellen Beachcroft, to all of whom we are greatly indebted for 
 information given us in connection with this book and for the loan of 
 paintings, photographs and documents. 
 
 The other daughter, Laura Helen Constantia, who received her last 
 
 1 He was then over sixty. He died a bachelor at the age of eighty-eight. 
 
 2 Dr. Horne (as the name should be spelled) was, we are informed, Rector of St. 
 Katharine’s, London Docks, and a rich man. His wife, Mrs. Oldfield says, was “ a 
 great beauty.” 
 
 
132 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 name in commemoration of the residence of Colonel Claud Martin in 
 Lucknow — which was called Constantia — married in 1821 in Chiswick 
 Church, Lewis Bently Oliver, a physician of Brentford, and it is her 
 daughter Mrs. Oldfield, Zoffany’s sole surviving grand-daughter, who, 
 as already stated, has been gracious enough to place at our disposal such 
 memories as at her advanced age she still possesses, and to lend us 
 documents, photographs and portraits. 
 
 Of these two daughters Mrs. Papendiek, in somewhat harsh manner, 
 thus speaks — 
 
 “ Mrs. Zoffany had two more daughters after Mr. Zoffany’s 
 return, now Mrs. Beachcroft and Airs. Oliver, and as the}^ grew up 
 they were injudicious intruders at the Manor House, and it was 
 principally through the violence of their tempers coming into collision 
 with the equally bad ones of Mrs. Thomas Horn and of Miss Horn, 
 that the disputes began which ended in the unhappy way that I have 
 mentioned. It was never supposed by Cecilia’s friends that she 
 acted criminally. Indiscreetly, certainly; for as her beauty never 
 faded with her increasing years, her vanity kept pace with them; 
 but her unhappiness arose more from her dreadfully passionate 
 temper than from any other cause. She evinced resentment and 
 vindictiveness to her husband and her children, who gave him great 
 trouble. 
 
 “ The school diminished, not unnaturally. Thomas Horn, there- 
 fore, gave it up, and retired to his living, which was in the city of 
 London. His wife died early.” 1 
 
 All the children appear in an interesting group by Zoffany, which 
 now belongs to Mrs. Everard Hesketh, his great-grand-daughter, and 
 there is a curious incident in connection with this painting. 
 
 Zoffany himself, an old man, is seated in the middle. One daughter is 
 playing on the harpsichord, and near by is the other, playing on the harp. 
 The two younger girls are one at each end of the group, but their figures 
 have never been completed — they are only slightly sketched in, and for some 
 reason or other Zoffany never finished the picture. In the rear is the 
 figure of the old nurse, Airs. Ann Chase, a connection of the well-known 
 raconteur, Air. Chase, whose portrait Zoffany also painted (see p. 76). 
 In her arms is yet another child, although the painter had but four children 
 at the time. 
 
 1 From Old Krd' we learn that old Mr. Home lived at Manor House Farm and that 
 the wedding between his son and Zoffany’s daughter took place in June 1799. A 
 tenement near Kew is still called “ Home’s garden.” 
 
Coll, of Mrs. Everard Hesketh Photo by Mr. Hesketh 
 
 ZOFFANY AND HIS CHILDREN 
 
Coll, of the Right Hon. Sir Ronald C. Munro Ferguson 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING WILLIAM FERGUSON, GREAT-GRANDFATHER OF THE OWNER, COMMEMORATING 
 WITH HIS FRIENDS HIS SUCCESSION TO THE ESTATE OF RAITH IN 1781 
 Zoffany himself is seated at the extreme right 
 
 
ZOFFANY, HIS WIFE AND FAMILY 133 
 
 It is stated that this is an imaginary portrait of the little boy who 
 died in infancy, Zoffany having a sort of curious fancy for depicting the 
 entire family in the group, but another member of the family declares 
 that it is not so, and that it is the youngest girl, afterwards Mrs. Oliver. 
 The third girl, who was Mrs. Beachcroft, is by this person stated to 
 come twice into the painting, once on the left, where she is being repri- 
 manded for treading on her sister’s dress, and again on the right, where 
 she is leaving the room, having been dismissed from the apartment in 
 disgrace, and that Zoffany was so pleased with the composition of the 
 picture with its five figures, that he left it as it was as a record of the 
 event. It has certainly never been out of the possession of the family, 
 nor has it ever been photographed until now. 1 
 
 We are disposed, with some diffidence, to suggest that there may yet 
 be a third manner of explaining this picture. Is it certain, we would 
 ask, that the lady seated at the harpsichord, who appears to be some- 
 what matronly in face and figure, is the eldest daughter ? May she not, 
 conceivably, be Mrs. Zoffany, and in that case the family is complete ! 
 The figure of the old artist himself is wonderfully well painted and a 
 striking likeness of him. 
 
 The same lady also owns a portrait of Mrs. Zoffany, and one of Lady 
 Doratt, and she possesses the “ Patent of Nobility ” already mentioned 
 (see p. 57). 
 
 As regards family life we have little more to tell. 
 
 Mrs. Oldfield reminds us that her grandfather was so much appre- 
 ciated by George III that she says the royal carriage used often to stop 
 in Kew, and Zoffany be requested to leave his easel, get into it and drive 
 with the King for an hour to entertain him, and to tell him all about the 
 paintings he was then carrying out and the persons who were sitting to 
 him. 
 
 So little however were his sketches appreciated that she remembers 
 a number of them in her nursery with which she used to play, and with 
 which she adorned her doll’s house. She also remembers a whole 
 set of oil-sketches by Sir Joshua Reynolds which Zoffany did not care 
 for. These were given to her for the same purpose, and very gay they 
 made the rooms of the doll’s apartments. All have, of course, disappeared 
 long ago. She still owns a pewter mug which belonged to her grandmother 
 and was a present to her from the King, and also possesses one of the 
 four miniatures that Zoffany painted of himself for his four daughters, hers 
 being the one which belonged to Mrs. Oliver. Furthermore she has in 
 
 1 It should be mentioned that the talent for drawing and painting has descended 
 from Zoffany to his great-grand-children, notably to Miss Zoffany Oldfield, who has 
 inherited it to a marked degree. 
 
her room a clever representation in colour of the arms granted to Zoffany 
 by the Empress Maria Theresa, and one of the rare coloured prints of 
 the artist from the Italian volume of which allusion has been made 
 (see p. 127). 
 
 Her doll’s house was of exceptional importance, finely furnished and 
 set out, and for its walls Zoffany painted some tiny portraits. It was called 
 Lilliput Hall, and Zoffany painted its name on the door. 
 
 She also remembers her grandfather’s parrot, which belonged also 
 to her mother, and finally to her, and about which her brother-in-law, 
 Dr. Horne, wrote some appropriate lines. It died, she says, of extreme 
 old age and had a tombstone erected to its memory, which Mrs. Oldfield 
 preserved for many years, but has now lost. 
 
 She says that her grandmother, Mrs. Zoffany, made lace of remark- 
 able beauty, and was an expert needlewoman. For each of her grand- 
 children she appears to have made a lace cap, and one which she made 
 is still in Mrs. Oldfield’s possession, and in perfect condition. 
 
 Almost the only anecdote that she remembers of her sisters is con- 
 nected with Mrs. Beachcroft, who, she says, when sitting by the drawing- 
 room window overlooking the Thames at their house in Strand-on-the- 
 Green, saw a child fall into the water, when she rushed out, plunged in 
 as she was, rescued the child, and then strolled indoors to the amazement 
 of her sisters, to change her sopping clothes. 
 
 Of the eldest daughter, Mrs. Doratt (afterwards Lady Doratt), and 
 whose descendants we have been unable to discover as they settled in 
 Belgium, we know but little. We learn however from Miss Beachcroft that 
 she was an accomplished painter of flowers and also a clever guitar-player. 
 
 Her tutor for the instrument was one Armand Ciciez, who is said to 
 have dedicated to his favourite pupil an important piece of guitar-music 
 which he had composed, and which she, almost alone of his pupils, was 
 able to render in satisfactory style. 
 
 Of Mrs. Bapendiek the family do not speak in agreeable terms. 
 They say that she was certainly warmly attached to Mrs. Zoffany, but 
 did not get on at all well with her children, eventually quarrelling with 
 all of them; and that in consequence many of the bitter things she men- 
 tions of the daughters were inserted in her diary in pique and are for 
 the most part untrue. They say that Mrs. Papendiek was an inveterate 
 gossip and not a satisfactory chronicler, as her memory failed her as to 
 names and dates, and she confused many incidents together, while when 
 the book was issued there was no one then living who was in a position 
 to refute its statements. 
 
 Of Zoffany’s last days there is little more to be said. We have only 
 a few detached facts to chronicle. On February 2, 1792, he acted as a 
 
Coll, of Mr. H. Burton Jones 
 
 DRAWING IN RED AND BLACK PENCIL REPRESENTING LORD HEATHFIELD 
 Signed by Zoffany 
 

ZOFFANY, HIS WIFE AND FAMILY 135 
 
 pall-bearer at the funeral of Aiton, the botanist, with Sir J. Banks, Jonas 
 Dryander, Aiton’s assistant, Pitcairn and others. 
 
 There is, also, in the Royal Academy, a letter from Zoffany, dated 
 April 26, 1792, in which he presents his compliments to Mr. Benjamin 
 West, and is very sorry that, owing to a previous engagement, he cannot 
 come to see him. 
 
 In 1794 Zoffany served on the Council of the Academy and took 
 his full share in its duties, and in 1804 he was to have served again but 
 was “ abroad,” where we do not know, but in any case a journey when 
 he was eighty-one and partly paralysed and lame was of itself an 
 accomplishment, especially in those days ! 
 
 In 1804 or 1805 Zoffany is said to have made a journey to Canterbury, 
 having been requested by a famous miser, one Betty Bolaine, to paint her 
 portrait. Whether he ever did so or not cannot be told, for the engraving 
 representing her bears no artist’s name, and the portrait does not look 
 like the work of Zoffany, but it is said that Zoffany insisted on being paid 
 for his journey and trouble, and took up so determined an attitude that 
 the old woman, who protested she was dreadfully poor (she died worth 
 .£40,000), at length produced some guineas which Zoffany carried off in 
 triumph, and boasted to the end of his life that he was the only person who 
 had ever persuaded Betty Bolaine to part with any of her cherished gold. 
 
 Zoffany died on November 11, 1810, 1 and was buried in Kew 
 Churchyard close to the tomb of Gainsborough. 
 
 His tomb can still be seen. It is at the east end of the churchyard, 
 and is a large, oblong, altar-tomb. The inscription upon one side is as 
 follows : “ Sacred to the Memory of Johan Zoffanij, Esquire, R.A., who died 
 November 11, 1810, aged 87 years. 2 His widow caused this tomb to be 
 erected as a Memorial of her Affection.” On the other side of the tomb 
 is a memorial to Mrs. Zoffany, this : “ In Memory of Mary Zoffanij, 
 widow of Johan Zoffanij, R.A., who departed this life, March 30, 1832, 
 aged 77.” 
 
 On the foot of the tomb is a statement referring to the decease of 
 Laura C. R. Oliver, grand-daughter of Johann Zoffany, who died at the 
 age of nine months, March 15, 1825, and at the south end is a brief allu- 
 sion to the fact that there was buried in the same tomb Mrs. Ann Chase, 
 September 24, 1810, aged eighty-one, the devoted old nurse whose 
 portrait appears in Mrs. Hesketh’s family group. 
 
 1 In the same year died Ozias Humphry, Hoppner, Rigaud and Richards, all 
 Royal Academicians, and there is said to be no other instance of the death of five 
 members of the Society in one year. 
 
 2 The Gentleman’ s Magazine, in referring to his decease, says, " he was often styled 
 Sir John Zoffany.” 
 
136 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Mrs. Zoffany, as the inscription tells us, survived her husband many 
 years, and Smith thus speaks in his Nollekens and his Times 1 of the old 
 lady who was evidently a delightful and engaging person. 
 
 “ Mr. Nollekens, who had been extremely intimate with Mr. 
 Zoffany, when approaching his eightieth year, offered his hand to 
 his widow, who very civilly declined it, prudently observing, ‘ No, 
 sir, the world would then say she had married him for his 
 money.’ ” 
 
 The old sculptor was, however, much attached to Mrs. Zoffany, and 
 showed his sense of her character by bequeathing to her a sum of .£300. 
 
 Of this Smith says — 
 
 “ Mrs. Zoffany, when she found poor Bronze, the servant, had 
 been set down in his will for only nineteen guineas, very generously 
 gave Mrs. Holt a guinea for her, long before she received her own 
 legacy.” 
 
 Later investigations have gone to prove that Mrs. Zoffany’s father 
 was a glover and a member of the Glovers’ Company, in the roll of 
 which Company the name of Thomas certainly appears. There was also 
 a John Thomas in the Haberdashers’ Company in 1768, who may, 
 perchance, have been a relative. 
 
 Both Mrs. Zoffany and her daughter, Lady Doratt, who happened to 
 be with her at the time of her decease, died of cholera, and so great was 
 the alarm at the outbreak of that disease that almost all the drawings and 
 pictures that were left in the house were at once destroyed for fear that 
 they should convey the infection, and in this manner all the rest of 
 Zoffany’s sketch-books, many portfolios of studies in pencil and oil, most 
 of his account-books, his diaries and family papers perished. 
 
 By his will Zoffany appointed Angelo’s nephew 2 and his friend, 
 Mr. Dumerque, his executors, 3 and subject to the transference to the 
 Trustees of his two elder daughters, of the sums he had settled upon them, 
 he left all his estate to his wife, who was to maintain the two younger girls, 
 and on her death they were to succeed each of them to £ 2000 in three 
 per cent, consolidated annuities and a sum of .£300 each in cash, while 
 all the residue was to be divided equally between the four of them. 
 
 1 See p. 41, Lane’s illustrated edit. 
 
 2 This Mr. Anthony Angelo Trememando was the “ Captain Angelo of the body- 
 guard,” whom Zoffany met in India and who was particularly friendly with Warren 
 Hastings and on intimate terms with Zoffany. Angelo mentions him (II. 82). He 
 was his younger brother and kept to his original family name of Trememando. 
 
 3 Zoffany painted a portrait of Dumerque. It now belongs to Mrs. Crosse. 
 
•• ini 
 
 Coll, of Victoria and Albert Museum By the courtesy of Messrs. Seeley Service & Co. 
 SKETCH IN BLACK CHALK WITH THE FACES IN SANGUINE 
 REPRESENTING A FATHER AND SON EXAMINING A DRAWING 
 There are also slight sketches on the reverse. Size r6, K 2 x iijl 
 
ZOFFANY, HIS WIFE AND FAMILY 
 
 *37 
 
 We give the will in extenso in the Appendix. 
 
 Immediately after the artist died, a sale was carried out by Messrs. 
 Robins at their rooms in the Piazza, Covent Garden, practically in the 
 very building in which Zoffany had himself resided in his early days. 
 
 In the Appendix we give the entire catalogue, but are unable, unfortu- 
 nately, to mention either the purchasers or the sums realised by the various 
 lots, as no information of this kind appears on the only copy of the catalogue 
 which we have chanced to see. 
 
 The artist was a profound admirer of Hogarth’s works, and fine 
 sets of his prints appear in it. There were also a large number of his 
 sketches and studies sold, 1 and many unfinished paintings, some of which 
 ought still to be in existence. 
 
 The sale, furthermore, included three fine suits of armour and a collec- 
 tion of Oriental costumes which Zoffany brought back from the East, 
 with various curiosities, such as weapons, horns, curious shells, a gong, 
 an ivory carving, a fine copy of the Koran, and there was included in 
 it an interesting portrait in enamel, by Spicer, of Sir Joshua Reynolds. 
 
 Zoffany’s possessions also included a copy, by himself, of the portrait 
 of Raphael, a painting of the Virgin and Child, which was attributed to 
 Leonardo da Vinci, and a considerable number of books having reference 
 to Italian art and literature or to portraiture. Amongst them were a 
 few volumes that Zoffany had probably brought with him from Germany 
 w T hen he first came to England from his native land. 
 
 Zoffany had one pupil. He may have had others, but one, Henry 
 Walton, we know he had, as a certain Mr. Ambrose Humphreys is de- 
 clared to have interested himself in Walton “ and placed him under 
 Zoffany.” 
 
 In 1772 Walton painted a portrait of his patron, Humphreys, repre- 
 senting him with two lads, W. and J. Mason, to whom he had been 
 tutor, playing cricket at Harrow, and this work and some others by 
 Walton, notably those of some young men fishing, and of Rev. C. Tyrrel 
 under a tree, are very reminiscent of Zoffany, and show clearly from whom 
 Walton obtained his ideas. 
 
 Walton, about whom little is known and whose dates are 1741-1813, 
 is the subject of an illuminating article in the Connoisseur for November 
 
 1 We only know of six genuine drawings by Zoffany. Two, which are really 
 sketches in oil, are in the Ashmolean Museum. The third, representing two gentle- 
 men, is in the Victoria and Albert Museum, and appears in these pages. It is also 
 illustrated in Randall Davies’ English Society of the Eighteenth Century (1907). The 
 iourth, which came direct from Zoffany’s sale, is in Dr. Williamson’s collection, and 
 is a drawing of Garrick in pencil and wash. It also is illustrated in these pages. 
 The fifth is Mr. Lane’s drawing of Zoffany himself, signed and dated. The sixth is 
 the signed drawing representing Lord Heathiield. 
 
138 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 1909 (p. 139), from which the above facts are taken. He is represented 
 in the National Gallery. 
 
 Whether Philip Wickstead, who calls himself a “ disciple of Zoffany,” 
 ever actually worked in his studio cannot be told. Probably it was not 
 so, but that the two men met in Rome or Florence, as they were certainly 
 in Italy at the same time, and Wickstead was painting portraits somewhat 
 in the manner of Zoffany in the Eternal City in 1773. There it was, that 
 he met Beckford, whom he accompanied to Jamaica, where for a while 
 he practised as a painter, eventually relinquishing the art and going into 
 business as a planter. Wickstead died in 1790 in the West Indies. 
 
 One other person v/e know worked under Zoffany’s tuition. 
 
 In Granger’s Biographical History of England 1 is the following state- 
 ment : ‘‘A genuine picture of her (Mother George) is in the possession 
 of Mr. George Huddersford, late of New College, Oxford, who, in pursuit 
 of his genius in painting, is now, or was lately, under the instruction of 
 Zoffanij, the celebrated Italian painter.” We are indebted to Mr. Grundy 
 for this reference, but we have not been able to add any information to it. 
 
 A somewhat curious instance has come to our notice of the way in 
 which Zoffany’s portraits were accepted and copied by other artists. 
 William Chamberlain, who studied under Opie, was instructed by George 
 III to prepare a State portrait of the King, which the monarch desired 
 to present to Lord Hotham, and which is still in the possession of the 
 Hotham family. On examination, it has been found that this picture 
 is practically identical with one painted by Zoffany, the only difference 
 being that the face is a little younger in its expression, and that the 
 monarch is seated at a different table. The pose of the figure, the details 
 of the uniform, and the drawing of the chair, are absolutely identical 
 with the Zoffany picture. So exact is the copy, that the sash crosses the 
 breast at the same place, and shows the same number of buttons above 
 and below, and all the smaller details of the costume are absolutely copied 
 from the picture by Zoffany. 
 
 The head of the King does not resemble in technique the rest of the 
 picture, and it would almost seem as though the figure was prepared by 
 one artist from Zoffany’s painting, and the face painted by some one 
 else. 
 
 1 Second edit., 1775, IV. 218. 
 
Coll, of Uie Garrick Club. 386 
 
 SCENE FROM “ MACBETH ” ( ACT II) 
 
 GARRICK AS MACBETH, MRS. PRITCHARD AS LADY MACBETH 
 
 
 

CHAPTER VIII 
 
 GARRICK AND THE THEATRICAL PICTURES 
 
 Zoffany has not inaptly been termed by Horace Walpole the 
 “ historian of the stage of Garrick,” and in a previous chapter we have 
 referred to the early connection of the painter with the great actor, 
 which led to the long series of representations of Garrick in his theatrical 
 impersonations. 
 
 There can be no doubt that the picture which laid the foundation 
 of Zoffany’s fame as a painter of the theatre was his “ David Garrick 
 as Abel Drugger in Ben Jonson’s play of The Alchymist ,” which was 
 sent by Zoffany in 1770 to the Royal Academy, and at once achieved a 
 success. 
 
 To the delightful story of its purchase by Sir Joshua Reynolds and 
 to the manner in which he ceded it to Lord Carlisle we have 
 already referred. 
 
 This important picture is still at Castle Howard and has been 
 extremely well engraved by John Dixon. Certainly Zoffany has ad- 
 mirably expressed in it the stupid cunning of Abel Drugger, who is 
 leering round at Fall and Subtile, while he presses his tobacco into his 
 pipe bowl with his thumb. 
 
 Two of Zoffany’s rough sketches in oil, representing Garrick in the 
 part of Abel Drugger, done directly from the life, immediately after the 
 actor’s return from the theatre, are now in the Ashmolean Museum at 
 Oxford. So few of Zoffany’s sketches are extant that these two have a 
 special interest. They are said to have been executed in the theatre 
 itself (see p. 137). 
 
 Hogarth, who painted Garrick several times, saw his performance of 
 “ Abel Drugger,” and was so struck with it that he said to him : “ You are 
 in your element when you are begrimed with dirt, or up to your elbow 
 in blood.” 
 
 It is impossible to dwell at length on the different presentments of 
 Garrick by Zoffany. He is known to have painted at least eight portraits 
 of him, in different characters, and among the best is a scene from the 
 first act of Bickerstaff’s Love in a Village , which is painted with Zoffany’s 
 
 i39 
 
140 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 usual vivacity and skill. The actors depicted are Shuter, Beard and 
 Dunstall in the characters of Justice Woodcock, Hawthorn and Hodge. 
 Zoffany, taking a leaf out of Hogarth’s manner, has introduced a picture, 
 “ The Judgment of Solomon,” into the background. 
 
 Another of these clever theatrical scenes is that of Garrick and Mrs. 
 Cibber in The Farmer's Return. This picture is the one now in the 
 possession of Lord Durham, and was probably actually painted for 
 Garrick, as it was purchased at his sale. 
 
 The colour-scheme is fine, and, like most of Zoffany’s work, it remains 
 in perfect preservation and condition. Garrick is in a bluish-grey 
 costume, and is smoking a pipe. Mrs. Cibber is in green, with a white 
 apron and fichu. Lord Yarborough possesses another fine version of 
 this same picture. 
 
 Zoffany’s dramatic pictures, apart from their artistic value, have a 
 great histrionic interest, as they show the general arrangement of the 
 stage and the costumes of the actors and actresses of the period. Nowhere 
 is this better demonstrated than in the painter’s picture of the dagger 
 scene from Macbeth , with Garrick as Macbeth and Mrs. Pritchard as 
 Lady Macbeth, now at the Garrick Club. To us who are accustomed 
 to performances of that tragedy, in which the modern stage pays such 
 scrupulous regard to accuracy of dress, it seems that the costume of 
 the Thane of Cawdor is singularly inappropriate, but it must be re- 
 membered that Garrick was only following the fashion of his day and 
 of his predecessors in arraying Macbeth in the rich gold-laced apparel 
 of a gentleman of the eighteenth century. 
 
 The great actor was especially good in the parts which needed strong 
 expression, and contemporary eighteenth-century literature is full of 
 allusions to his wonderful rendering of Macbeth and to that of the peer- 
 less Mrs. Pritchard. From a pictorial point of view, it is unfortunate 
 that Garrick’s shortness of stature is accentuated as he stands beside 
 the imposing actress who is robed in ample satin draperies which, by 
 the way, Zoffany has painted with even more than his usual skill. 
 
 Zoffany depicted Garrick in “ private life ” several times. One of 
 the best of these portraits is the small sketch in oils, now hanging in the 
 library of the Garrick Club. Mr. Fitzgerald considers this “ portrait 
 together with that by Pine, in the drawing-room, about the best records 
 we have of the great player.” The picture originally belonged to the 
 actor Baddeley, who is now remembered chiefly by reason of his curious 
 legacy to Drury Lane Theatre — providing cake and wine for a Twelfth 
 Night Feast. It represents Garrick in early middle life, full face; he 
 wears a white wig, the background is unfinished and the coat merely 
 indicated, but this in no way detracts from the picture which may be 
 
GARRICK AND MRS. PRITCHARD IN MACBETH 
 See another version of the same picture belonging to the Garrick Club 
 

Coll, of the Garrick Club. 135 
 
 PORTRAIT OF DAVID GARRICK (1717-1779) 
 

GARRICK AND THEATRICAL PICTURES 141 
 
 described as a brilliant “ impression ” in oils and was most probably 
 an excellent likeness, for the wonderful eyes with their alert expression 
 are cleverly painted, and the whole head is alive with character and 
 expression. It is interesting to compare this forcible sketch with the 
 finished portrait of the great actor by Sir Joshua, hanging in the dining- 
 room at the Club. Zoffany’s production stands the ordeal well. Lie 
 has seized, in a wonderful way, the chief characteristics of Garrick. 
 Reynolds’ work, though splendid in point of technique, strikes the 
 spectator as being somewhat stiff and wooden, and lacking in the vivacity 
 with which Zoffany has, with his forcible brushwork, managed to invest 
 his canvas. 
 
 Mr. Fitzgerald, in his interesting life of Garrick, states that many 
 of these theatrical impersonations, together with those of Hogarth, were 
 placed among the pictures and treasures in Garrick’s delightful villa at 
 Hampton near Chiswick. Perhaps among them was the charming 
 portrait of Mrs. Garrick, painted in her days of brilliant youth and charm, 
 holding a mask 1 (see p. 8). 
 
 Fortunately for us, Zoffany has chosen to represent Garrick in all 
 the charm of his vie intime in two other delightful pictures belonging to 
 Lord Durham. One depicts the great actor and his Violette standing 
 before the celebrated Shakespeare Temple erected in the grounds of 
 the villa, while on the steps of the building a child is playing, possibly 
 one of Garrick’s nephews, to whom he was much attached. A servant 
 to the right is seen bringing in some light refreshment, while one of the 
 favourite dogs is in the foreground, and a man stands near the river- 
 
 1 The following extract from Christies’ Catalogue of Garrick’s sale, June 23, 1823, 
 refers to pictures by Zoffany : — 
 
 42. Mr. Garrick and Mrs. Cibber in J after and Belvedere {sic). £26 5 s. 
 
 (Lambton.) : — 
 
 43. Mr. Garrick in The Farmer' s Return (the companion). £33 12s. (Lambton.) 
 
 50. A small whole-length portrait of Mr. Garrick in the character of Lord Chalk- 
 
 stone. £21 10s. 6 d. (Wansey.) 
 
 51. Portrait of Mr. Garrick as Sir John Brute. £12 12 s. (Earl of Essex.) 
 
 52. Pair of small views of the villa and grounds of Mr. Garrick at Hampton. 
 
 £12 12s. (Smart.) 
 
 53. Mr. and Mrs. Garrick and Mr. Bowden taking tea on the lawn of the villa at 
 
 Hampton, and Mr. George Garrick angling. £49 js. (Lambton.) 
 
 54. Shakespeare’s Temple, and portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Garrick resting on the 
 
 steps of the Portico with a Favourite Dog in the foreground, and the view 
 
 of a Reach of the River. Companion picture to the preceding one. £28 js. 
 
 (Lambton.) 
 
 N.B. — It is clear that lots 42, 43, 53 and 54 are the pictures now belonging to Lord 
 Durham. Lot 50 is probably the one at the Garrick Club. Lot 51 still belongs to 
 Lord Essex. The pair of views (Lot 52) bought by a certain Mr. Smart, cannot now 
 be traced. 
 
142 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 bank. This Shakesperian Temple looms large in all the literature and 
 memoirs of Garrick. It was adorned by a statue by Roubiliac, which 
 was bequeathed by Garrick to the nation and now stands in the entrance 
 to the British Museum. Mrs. Delany, 1 in her memoirs, describes, in 
 her usual vivacious manner, a visit to the Garricks which she and her 
 devoted friend, the Duchess of Portland, paid in July 1770. She writes 
 thus — 
 
 “ The house is singular, which you know I like, and seems to owe 
 its prettiness and elegance to Mrs. Garrick’s good taste. On the 
 whole it has the air of belonging to a genius. We had an excellent 
 dinner, nicely served, and when over, went directly into the garden, 
 a piece of irregular ground, sloping down to the Thames, very well 
 laid out, and planted for shade and shelter with an opening to the 
 river, which appears beautiful from that spot, and from Shake- 
 speare’s Temple at the end of the improvements, where we drank 
 tea, and where there is a very fine statue of Shakespeare, in white 
 marble, and a great chair, with a large carved frame, that was Shake- 
 speare’s own chair, made for him on some particular occasion, with 
 a medallion of him fixed in the back.” 
 
 In the other picture Zoffany has depicted for us a “ tea-drinking 
 party ” in the grounds amid the surroundings so clearly described by 
 Mrs. Delany. The guest of honour is the great Dr. Johnson, seated 
 next to Mrs. Garrick, who is apparently about to hand the Doctor one 
 of his favourite “ dishes of tea.” Another guest is Mr. Bowden, who 
 stands behind the chair of his hostess, and George Garrick, the actor’s 
 brother, is seen fishing on the river-bank. A fifth personage, who is 
 clearly David Garrick himself, stands between Mrs. Garrick and 
 Bowden holding a cup and saucer, and the group is completed by 
 the presence of their favourite dogs guarding a three-cornered hat 
 which lies on the grass. We may wonder whether the great actor 
 and Dr. Johnson were perhaps discussing those far-off days, when they 
 journeyed up from Lichfield in the same coach, both penniless and un- 
 known — or possibly it may have been at this veritable tea-party that the 
 great moralist, as he gazed around on all the delightful surroundings, 
 the spacious villa with its wealth of pictures and the charming garden and 
 grounds, expressed his well-known sentence : “ Ah, David, it is the 
 leaving of such places that makes a deathbed terrible ” 
 
 The landscape in the painting is serene and lovely, perhaps rather 
 too minute — shall we say pre-Raphaelite, in its details — but suffused 
 
 1 Pastoa’s Life of Mrs. Delany, 1900, p. 199. 
 
Coll of the Garrick Club, 23 
 
 SCENE FROM “ THE CLANDESTINE MARRIAGE ” 
 
 KING AS LORD OGLEBY, MRS. BADDELEY AS FANNY STIRLING, AND BADDEI.EY AS CANTON 
 
 Painted by the express command of George III after witnessing Mrs. Baddeley’s performance 
 
 
 
 
GARRICK AND THEATRICAL PICTURES 143 
 
 with wonderful light, and the trees in the middle distance and those at 
 the extreme rear of the picture are remarkably well painted. The hand- 
 ling of Benjamin Wilson, in part, is rather suggested, but the blending of 
 the whole picture leads one to expect that Zoffany was responsible for 
 the whole composition. The willows in the distance and the water, 
 bespeak the same brushwork and period as in the other picture, but the 
 St. Bernard dog in the foreground of the Shakespeare Temple picture 
 is, although finely painted, wholly out of proper proportion, and its extreme 
 prominence rather spoils the general good effect of that painting. 
 
 It is interesting also to note the strong influence of Benjamin Wilson 
 in Zoffany’s picture of the Garricks before the Shakesperian Temple. 
 In his conversation group of Mr. and Mrs. Richardson, now hanging in 
 the National Art Gallery, Dublin, and supposed to be the artist’s master- 
 piece, this resemblance is very striking. In both pictures the couples 
 stand in a park-like garden before a classical building, while in each 
 there is a curious weeping-willow tree which is characteristic. No wonder 
 that often Wilson’s work is attributed to Zoffany and that so much 
 confusion exists between the paintings of the two. 
 
 To pass to the general theatrical groups, it is well to recall Elorace 
 Walpole’s dictum, that Zoffany’s talent “ is to draw scenes in comedy, 
 and there he beats the Flemish painters in their own way of detail,” and 
 to remember that it requires an artist of exceptional talent in this mktier 
 to make such works successful, as otherwise they are very apt to look 
 artificial and to seem but “ shadows of a shade.” 
 
 Zoffany’s method of painting his dramatic groups was to frequent 
 the theatres during the actual performances, and while there to make 
 sketches from the actors and actresses. 
 
 The plays are as dead as the actors, but in the pictures they certainly 
 live, and Garrick and Foote, Weston, Shuter and Beard, are presented 
 to us in their very garb and attitude visualised for us as no mere descriptions 
 could ever do. 
 
 To us, of course, these stage-land pictures lose somewhat of their 
 interest and charm owing to our unfamiliarity with the literature and 
 the plays from which many of the scenes were painted, but all who are 
 interested in dramatic art, and in Zoffany in particular, will find in the 
 Garrick Club a splendid and representative collection of theatrical 
 pictures, from the earliest period up to modern times, in fitting surround- 
 ings, and amongst them a notable series by Zoffany which fully displays 
 his skill in the branch of painting he made so peculiarly his own. 
 
 In the dining-room of the Club is, perhaps, the chef-cT ceuwe of all 
 Zoffany’s theatrical pictures, the scene from the play of the Clandestine 
 Marriage , with King in the character of Lord Ogleby, Mrs. Baddeley 
 
i 4 4 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 as Fanny Stirling and Baddeley as Canton the valet in the background. 
 This comedy was written by Garrick and Colman, was first acted in 
 February 1766 and at once had an enormous success. The collaborators 
 probably divided the work of writing the play between them. Zoffany 
 has chosen to depict the scene in the Fourth Act, when the old beau 
 exclaims : “ O thou admirable creature, command my heart, for it is 
 vanquished.” The dramatic situation is brought out admirably. Lord 
 Ogleby, as the old lady killer, is excellent, while Mrs. Baddeley makes a 
 perfect “ Fanny.” 
 
 'The grouping of this work is excellent, the richness of its colouring 
 and the brilliancy of execution throughout is remarkable, and it remains 
 in perfect preservation as fresh as if painted yesterday. 
 
 This picture was painted by the express command of George III 
 after witnessing Mrs. Baddeley ’s performance. The actress was honoured 
 by a message from the King, brought by the Royal page, Mr. Ramus, 
 desiring her to give sittings “ to Mr. Zoffany, the artist, that her portrait 
 might be included in the scene from the Clandestme Marriage , he was 
 about to paint by command of His Majesty.” 
 
 Needless to say this incident brought the actress into immediate 
 fame, her success and her beauty became the talk of the town, but alas ! 
 this brilliant career was not of very long duration, and after many vicissi- 
 tudes of fortune, the beautiful Mrs. Baddeley died in extreme poverty 
 at the early age of thirty-six. Earlom scraped a very fine mezzotint of 
 this picture which is well-known and much prized by collectors. 
 
 Zoffany has admirably characterised the figure and gait of the old 
 beau, and it is interesting to remember, when studying this picture, 
 that it was upon his excellent acting of “ Lord Ogleby ” that King’s fame 
 as an actor was established. The artist also painted an excellent small 
 full-length of the same actor, which is now in the possession of Mr. 
 Charteris, and this may possibly have been the preliminary study for 
 King’s figure in the work at the Garrick, although it differs from it in 
 the attitude of the hands, and in the details of the costume. It repre- 
 sents the actor standing in a landscape, dressed in a pink costume, with 
 a three-cornered hat under his arm, the beautiful quality of the painting 
 fully displaying the artist’s powers, and the delicate colour scheme is 
 characteristic of Zoffany’s best period. 
 
 Another of these dramatic scenes, painted by the express desire of 
 George III, is the scene from Reynolds’ play Speculation , with Munden 
 as Project, Quick as Alderman Arable and Lewis as Tanjore. Hazlitt, 
 in his Calcutta Works } has a story relating to this picture (or, perhaps, 
 to another version of it). He states that the King “ who was fond of 
 
 1 Personal Identity, p. 198 f.n. 
 
Coll, of the Hon. Evan E. Charteris 
 
 PORTRAIT OF THOMAS KING (1730-1805) 
 
 AS LORD OGLEBY IN “ THE CLANDESTINE MARRIAGE 
 
'/. of the Garrick Club. 104 
 
 SCENE FROM “SPECULATION,” COVENT GARDEN, 1795 
 
 MUNDEN AS PROJECT, QUICK AS ALDERMAN ARABLE AND LEWIS AS TANJORE 
 
 
 Painted by desire of His Majesty George III. 
 
 Quick’s portrait is repeated in the picture behind him 
 
 
 
 
Coll, of the Garrick Club. 120 
 
 DAVID ROSS (1728-1790), ACTOR AND MANAGER 
 AS HAMLET 
 
 
GARRICK AND THEATRICAL PICTURES 145 
 
 low comedy,” commissioned Zoffany to paint a scene from Reynolds’ 
 Speculation , in which Quick, Munden and Miss Wallis were to be intro- 
 duced. The King called to see it in its progress, and at last it was done 
 — “ all but the coat.” The picture, however, was not sent, and the 
 King repeated his visit to the artist. Zoffany with some embarrassment 
 said : “ It was done all but the goat .” “ Don’t tell me,” said the im- 
 
 patient monarch ; “ this is always the way : you said it was done all but 
 the coat the last time I was here.” “ I said the goat, and please your 
 Majesty.” “ Aye,” replied the King, “ the goat or the coat, I care not 
 which you call it. I say I will not have the picture,” and was going to 
 leave the room, when Zoffany, in an agony, repeated, “ it is the goat 
 that is not finished,” pointing to a picture of a goat that was hung up in 
 a frame as an ornament to the scene at the theatre. The King laughed 
 heartily at the blunder, and waited patiently till the “ goat ” was finished. 
 
 The situation portrayed is that in Act IV. 
 
 Alderman : “ Oh, you consummate scoundrel, this is your speculation, 
 is it?” 
 
 Tanjore : “ Why, Billy, the tables are turned indeed.” 
 
 Project : “ They are, indeed. Did the Alderman hear? ” 
 
 Miss Wallis does not come into the Garrick Club version, nor is the 
 goat to be seen, but Quick’s likeness is repeated in the portrait hanging 
 on the wall. 
 
 Hanging on the staircase-wall of the Club is a scene from the Village 
 Lawyer with John Bannister as Scout and Parsons as Sheepface. Zoffany 
 is here seen almost in a Whistlerian mood, for the picture is a harmony 
 in grey and black, and the whole effect is subtle and distinctive. Unfor- 
 tunately, its present position is not in the very best light, but the picture 
 is specially interesting and curiously modern in this subdued colour- 
 scheme. It also illustrates, in striking manner, the fleeting popularity 
 of dramatic literature. The play, originally a French farce, was once 
 popular — who now knows anything of it ? The lawyer in it wins the 
 case for his client by instructing him to answer “ Ba-a-a ” to every 
 question, but when he comes to claim his fees, the rustic applies his 
 same tactics and keeps answering “ Ba-a-a ” to every request for payment. 1 
 
 There are several small full-length portraits by Zoffany of actors in 
 their different impersonations scattered about the rooms of the Club, 
 but it is impossible to dwell at length on all of them. 
 
 Perhaps of special interest, as showing how Hamlet was presented 
 in the eighteenth century, is the small portrait of the actor Ross as “ The 
 Prince of Denmark.” Nothing more unlike our ideas of Hamlet can be 
 imagined. He is depicted as a plump, full-faced, short personage, 
 
 1 The Garrick Club, Percy Fitzgerald, p. 146. 
 
 L 
 
146 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 arrayed somewhat like a divine of the Georgian period, a funereal- 
 looking person, in a suit of black velvet, one of his stockings is carefully 
 turned down (why — we wonder) and in one hand he holds a book, and 
 bears no resemblance whatever to the modern stage Hamlet we all 
 know. 
 
 A few of Zoffany’s finest dramatic groups are to be found in private 
 collections. Lord Lansdowne has the interesting group from the 
 Merchant of Venice , with the great actor Macklin as Shylock. This 
 picture is a representation of what was probably Macklin’s last appear- 
 ance in this, his great part, at the extreme old age of ninety. It is interest- 
 ing to remember that Pope, after witnessing the great actor’s earlier 
 performance of this character (which made his reputation) wrote the 
 lines — 
 
 “ This is the Jew that Shakespeare drew ” 
 
 and Doran tells us that the poet asked the actor why he dressed Shylock 
 in a red hat, and that Macklin replied : “It was because he had read in 
 an old history that the Jews in Venice were obliged by law to wear a 
 hat of that decided colour,” which was true. 
 
 One of the most delightful of these theatrical groups is the 
 beautiful picture in the possession of the Duke of Buccleuch 
 and supposed to represent Mrs. Robinson (Perdita), and Sheridan. 
 Here we see Zoffany in his most Watteau-like mood, the idyllic sur- 
 roundings, the graceful pose of the figures and the delicate coloration, 
 showing how entirely the artist sometimes succeeded in breaking away 
 from that harshness of outline and greyness of colour, which are amongst 
 the faults of his earlier work, and reveals him as a master of tone, and 
 delicate subtleties of handling, while he has invested the lady with all 
 the allure and charm of femininity at its most attractive moment. 
 
 Mr. Wallop possesses a fine scene from the first act of Foote’s comedy 
 of the Mayor of Garratt. Foote is represented in military costume in 
 his well-known part of Major Sturgeon, while the character of Sir J. 
 Jollup is taken by the actor Hayes. Zoffany exhibited this picture, or 
 the similar one belonging to Lord Carlisle, at the Society of Artists in 
 1764, as we have already mentioned, and both pictures are so fine that 
 we are convinced that each is an original work, and that Zoffany must 
 have been instructed to make a replica of his famous painting. Horace 
 Walpole’s note in the catalogue is interesting ; he says : “ Mr. Foote, in 
 the character of Major Sturgeon, in the Mayor of Garratt (and Mr. 
 Baddeley). A very fine likeness, a picture of great humour.” The sage 
 of Strawberry Hill is probably mistaken as to the identity of Baddeley — 
 for other authorities are unanimous in ascribing it to Hayes. Zoffany’s 
 
Coll, of Mr. Somerset Maugham 
 
 GARRICK AND MRS. CIBBER AS JAFFIER AND BELVEDERA IN 
 
 Campbell Gray photo 
 
 VENICE PRESERVED” 
 
 
- .1. •<TX’<'<aS.r Zr , T , ~~ 
 
 Coll, of the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry Campbell Gray photo 
 
 GROUP OF TWO PERSONS BELIEVED TO BE SHERIDAN AND MRS. ROBINSON IN A 
 
 THEATRICAL SCENE 
 
Coll, of the Marquis of Lansdowne 
 
 CHARLES MAC KLIN AS SHYLOCK 
 
 HIS LAST APPEARANCE IN THIS CHARACTER AT THE AGE OF NINETY 
 
 The figure seated on the extreme left is the Earl of Mansfield 
 
 
GARRICK AND THEATRICAL PICTURES 147 
 
 love of detail is rather quaintly shown in this picture, for the scene is 
 supposed to take place in the house of Sir Jacob Jollup, and the painter 
 has placed a row of fire-buckets in the background, on which he has 
 inscribed the initials J. J., which presumably stand for Sir J. Jollup, 
 while he has also depicted hanging on the wall, a map of London. 1 
 
 There is a mezzotint of this picture engraved by J. Haid which was 
 published by Boydell in 1765. It is a good impression, but — for the 
 purposes of engraving — slight artistic liberties have been taken with the 
 picture. The print has been considerably shortened at both ends so 
 as to give more concentration to the figures, and the furniture has been 
 “ moved up ” slightly with a view to this effect. 
 
 Mr. Somerset Maugham is the possessor of a remarkably fine scene 
 from Otway’s Venice Preserved . 2 This play, once so popular, is now 
 hardly known except to the student of dramatic literature. 
 
 Yet in the first act are the well-known and beautiful lines — 
 
 “ Oh, woman ! Lovely woman ! Nature made thee 
 To temper man: we had been brutes without you; 
 
 Angels are painted fair, to look like you : 
 
 There’s in you all that we believe of Heaven, 
 
 Amazing brightness, purity, and truth, 
 
 Eternal joy, and everlasting love.” 
 
 The scene Zoffany has chosen to depict is the tragic dialogue between 
 Jaffier (Garrick) and Belvidera (Mrs. Cibber) which takes place in the 
 fourth act. The situation is indeed tragic for the unfortunate pair — for 
 when Belvidera was delivered by Jaffier, in pledge of his own good faith, 
 into the hands of the conspirators, he gave them a dagger, charging 
 them to despatch her, should he prove traitor ; the Senate, false to their 
 oath, condemned the rebels to death with torture ; indeed, the latter had 
 refused to accept their lives with bondage at the hands of the Republic. 
 Belvidera tells Jaffier this, and then he feels tempted to slay with that 
 
 1 The Mayor of Garratt. Garratt is between Wandsworth and Tooting; the first 
 Mayor of this village was elected towards the close of the eighteenth century ; and his 
 election came about thus : Garratt Common has been often encroached on . . . and 
 in 1780 the inhabitants associated themselves together to defend their rights. The 
 Chairman of this Association was entitled Mayor, and as it happened to be the time 
 of a general election, the Society made it a law that a new- “ Mayor ” should be chosen 
 at every general election. The addresses of these mayors, written by Foote, Garrick, 
 Wilkes and others, are satires on the corruption of electors and political squibs. The 
 first Mayor of Garratt was “ Sir John Harper, a retailer of brick dust in London, and 
 the last was ‘ Sir ’ Harry Dimsdale, muffin seller in 1796.” (Brewer, Dictionary of 
 Phrase and Fable.) 
 
 2 “ Hallam remarked that Venice Preserved had been more frequently seen on the 
 stage than any other play, except those of Shakespeare. He relates that when he 
 saw it he was affected almost to agony.” (Thomas Otway, Honble. Roden Noel, p 289.) 
 
148 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 very dagger the woman who has incited him to compass the ruin of his 
 beloved friend. 
 
 There is another version of this picture at the Garrick Club (378). 
 
 Other notable dramatic pictures painted by Zoffany and to be found in 
 the famous collection at the Garrick Club, are those illustrating Charles 
 Bannister; Thomas Weston as Billy Button in the Maid of Bath , one 
 of his most famous impersonations; Thomas King as Touchstone in 
 As You Like It ; Thomas Knight in his wonderful representation of 
 Roger in The Ghost ; and William Parsons as the Old Man in Lethe. 
 
 All these we have, by kind permission of the Club, the special privilege 
 of reproducing in our pages. 
 
 That Zoffany’s work as the most skilful painter of dramatic scenes 
 was well recognised we have evidence in an extract from Mrs. Piozzi’s 
 Glimpses at Italian Society , where, writing from Genoa she says : “ My 
 chief amusement at Alexandria was to look out upon the huddled market- 
 place, as a great dramatic writer of our day has called it; and who could 
 help longing there for Zoffani’s pencil to paint the lively scene.” 
 
 Of Zoffany’s representations of actors and actresses on a large scale, 
 one of the finest is the full-length portrait of Miss Farren as Hermione 
 in A Winter's Tale , now in the possession of Sir James Seton Stuart. 
 
 Zoffany seems to have painted at least two portraits of Miss Farren 
 and to have been attracted by her charm and personality to a marked 
 extent. Mrs. Papendiek has one or two interesting references to these 
 portraits. Writing in 1790 1 she says — 
 
 “ While I was in town this time I called on Sunday after sendee, 
 with my brother, upon the Zoffanys, who had now established them- 
 selves in one of the new houses in Keppel Place, Fitzroy Square, 
 Zoffany having resumed his portrait painting. We found them just 
 going to dine, and by their desire we remained to partake of their 
 hospitality. The painting-room did not exhibit a welcome on the 
 return of the once favourite artist, for not a portrait was there except 
 one of his old and sincere friend, Miss Farren — a small whole- 
 length, in a light green satin dress and black velvet Spanish hat 
 (then the costume for dinner-parties). Zoffany was particularly 
 great in drapery, both as regards the folds and taste, and in copying 
 the elegancies of dress ; and this portrait being faultless in these 
 points, and also an excellent likeness, was a perfect gem.” 
 
 Unfortunately the painting alluded to in this extract seems to have 
 disappeared. The writer then goes on to say that she told Zoffany 
 
 1 Memoirs, p. 125. 
 

 
 
 
 Coll, of the Garrick Club. 44 7 
 
 CHARLES BANNISTER (1738-1804), ACTOR AND SINGER 
 
 FATHER OF JACK BANNISTER 
 
 

Coll, of the Garrick Club. 475 
 
 WILLIAM PARSONS 
 (1736-1795) 
 
 AS OLD MAN IN “ LETHE 
 

 
 
Coll, of the Garrick Club, ioi 
 
 THOMAS WESTON (i737-i776), COMEDIAN 
 
 AS BILLY BUTTON IN 
 
 THE MAID OF BATH 
 
Coll, of the Marquis of Lansdowne 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MRS. SALUSBURY 
 
 MOTHER OF MRS. PIOZZI 
 
 (See Hayward’s Autobiography of Mrs. Piozzi (I. 219) and Mrs. Piozzi’s Letter of Requests, Oct. 18, 1819.) 
 
GARRICK AND THEATRICAL PICTURES 149 
 
 of Lawrence’s portrait of Miss Farren and that he intended to exhibit it, 
 upon which Zoffany replied : “ I shall go and look at it, and if I think 
 that by exhibiting it he will gain credit to himself, I will keep mine back, 
 for a young man must be encouraged.” 
 
 Mrs. Papendiek 1 afterwards relates how she called upon the 
 Lawrences and saw there the beautiful and well-known full-length portrait 
 of Miss Farren by the painter. 2 In her own words — 
 
 “ Such a likeness, such an exquisite portrait riveted me to the 
 spot. I said : ‘ Zoffany yields the palm to you, and does not mean 
 to exhibit his gem,’ when Lawrence answered that he had been 
 kind, and he considered himself obliged to him.” “ He then told 
 me,” continues Mrs. Papendiek, “ that he was in a dilemma, which he 
 proceeded to explain to me. Two gentlemen, who had called to 
 see his pictures, were so struck with this portrait of Miss Farren 
 when only the head was done, that they offered him a hundred 
 guineas for it, with permission to exhibit it. He answered that 
 Lord Derby having seen it just before, was so pleased with it that 
 he at once said he would purchase it for sixty guineas, the price 
 Lawrence put upon it. Lord Derby called often, being interested 
 in the progress of the picture, and Lawrence told him of the offer 
 made by these gentlemen. Lord Derby could only say that he 
 was prepared to keep his agreement — Mr. Lawrence could do as 
 he thought proper. 
 
 “ The mother was of my opinion, that an agreement ought to 
 be adhered to, the father rather hankered after the additional sum 
 offered; the friends of Lawrence advised him to take the first line 
 of conduct, which he eventually did. The portrait was admirable. 
 It brought him great fame, but the cavil about the price did not 
 add to his credit and my Lord Derby never employed him after.” 
 
 Further on Mrs. Papendiek states — 
 
 “ Zoffany the following year painted another full-length portrait 
 of this enchanting actress leaning against a pedestal in theatrical 
 costume, which was most beautiful. The expression of her counte- 
 nance and the penetrating look of her lively eyes, was fully as well 
 portrayed as by Lawrence, or even more so ! ” 
 
 It seems probable that here Mrs. Papendiek is, according to her very 
 unfortunate habit, confusing her dates. The picture to which she 
 
 1 Memoirs, p. 198. 
 
 2 Now in the possession of Mr. J. P. Morgan. 
 
seems to be alluding is apparently that of Miss Farren as Hermione 
 in A Winter's Tale , for the description fits it exactly. This portrait 
 was, however, painted some years earlier, for we know that in 
 December 1778 the actress appeared at Drury Lane in the part of Her- 
 mione. Zoffany painted her in that character, his picture was not 
 exhibited but mezzotinted by Fisher and the print published in July 
 1781. An interesting anecdote is attached to this very picture. The 
 beautiful actress was wooed by both Lord Derby and Mr. Archibald 
 Seton. As is well known she chose the former suitor— and the tradition 
 is that she sent the full-length portrait by Zoffany of herself to the un- 
 successful wooer, Mr. Archibald Seton, of Touch, near Stirling. This 
 gentleman never married, but the portrait is still at Touch in the possession 
 of Sir James Seton Steuart. It must be ranked as one of the best of 
 Zoffany’s full-length portraits, which are, by the way, very rare, and is a 
 good example of his work on a grandiose scale. 
 
Coll, of Sir Douglas A . Seton-Sieuart , Bari. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MISS FARREN, AFTERWARDS COUNTESS OF DERBY 
 
 ENGRAVED IN MEZZOTINT BY FISHER 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 CONVERSATION GROUPS 
 
 Zoffany’s chief claim to immortality, as a painter, must certainly 
 rest on his conversation groups or “ conversation pieces ” as they were 
 called in the eighteenth century. His reputation as an artist has suffered 
 woefully by reason of the many badly-drawn, badly-composed and stiff 
 little pictures which have frequently, without any reason, been assigned 
 to him. So little is known of the work of contemporary artists of that 
 date that the name of Zoffany has been labelled on many paintings that 
 have no connection at all with our artist. As an example, the works of 
 Arthur Devis, senior, whose pictures have a certain naive charm and 
 whose groups bear a resemblance to the earlier and stiffer work of Zoffany, 
 often bear Zoffany’s name, although they certainly do not possess his 
 dexterity of handling. That attractive and little-known painter, Charles 
 Philips, also painted pleasing conversation groups, and it is possible that 
 some groups attributed by their owners to Zoffany are in reality his work. 
 The same thing may be said of paintings by De Wilde, Clint, Mortimer, 
 and even Rigaud, as Zoffany’s name has been found attached to portraits 
 or groups by all of them. Zoffany, it may here be stated, like Reynolds, 
 frequently placed a tree as a background to his figures, while in his interiors 
 of rooms he was especially fond of a small round table as an “ artistic ” 
 property and of an oriental table-cover, and his pictures not only repre- 
 sent the persons, but also give us an excellent idea of the beautiful Georgian 
 furniture in the homes of that date . 1 
 
 The work of tracing these conversation pieces by Zoffany has not 
 been an easy one, for the majority of them are scattered in the smaller 
 English and Scottish country-houses, where in many cases they have 
 remained perdu to the world since they were first painted. 
 
 Lord Bristol, at Ickworth, possesses a large and important group in 
 
 1 Randall Davies in his English Society of the Eighteenth Century in Contemporary 
 Art, says of Zoffany’s groups : “ His people occupy the room they happen to be in 
 with precisely the air of being discovered there without knowing it, and consequently 
 without any appearance of having been arranged into a lively but artificial group as 
 we have seen in the work of Hogarth and Copley.” 
 
 I5i 
 
J 52 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 what may be described as the artist’s earlier manner. It represents 
 Captain John Augustus Hervey taking leave of his mother and family 
 on his appointment to the command of a ship. As the personages depicted 
 in this work all figure more or less prominently in the eighteenth-century 
 world, a detailed description of it may be of interest here. The 
 gallant Commander had a somewhat chequered career, as early in life 
 he had the misfortune to marry the notorious Miss Elizabeth Chudleigh. 
 The result of this union was disastrous. His wife eventually became 
 Duchess of Kingston, and her trial for bigamy was one of the eighteenth- 
 century causes ceUbres of the day. Hervey became third Earl of Bristol, 
 but did not again venture into matrimonial toils. On the extreme right 
 of the picture is his mother, Lady Hervey, who before her marriage was 
 so well known as the beautiful Polly Lepel, maid-of-honour to Queen 
 Caroline. Pope and Grey wrote poems to her, and Voltaire addressed 
 to her the only English verses he is known to have written, beginning 
 with the lines 
 
 “ Hervey, would you know the passion, 
 
 You have kindled in my breast,” 
 
 while Horace Walpole always spoke of her with high esteem, and in 
 1762 dedicated to her his famous work, Anecdotes of Painting in 
 England. Zoffany has depicted her tatting, a typical eighteenth-century 
 employment, in one hand holding the shuttle. She seems to bear her 
 son’s imminent departure with great composure. Opposite to her are 
 her two daughters, Lady Mulgrave and Lady Mary Fitzgerald, with their 
 respective husbands. Zoffany’s colouring in this delightful picture is 
 especially fine — and he has devoted particular attention to the rendering 
 of the beautiful textures of the satins and fine clothes worn by his sitters. 
 As already mentioned, he painted another portrait of Lord Mulgrave — 
 a full-length in naval uniform — representing him in the Arctic regions 
 on his expedition to the North Pole, which is now in the National Portrait 
 Gallery. Lord Bristol also possesses a very fine series of single family 
 portraits by Zoffany, which are described in another chapter. 
 
 Another pleasing conversation group is that belonging to the late 
 Sir Henry Bulwer, representing Dibdin, the popular song-writer, with 
 his second wife and daughter. He is depicted seated at a spinet and has 
 apparently been writing a song with music, as he has a pen and paper 
 in his hand. His wife appears to be asking him to go for a walk, because 
 she holds his hat in her hand. 
 
 Zoffany was very fond of children, and painted their portraits with 
 great charm and skill. Some, indeed, of his pictures of these little 
 eighteenth-century folk with their prim airs, rank amongst his most agree- 
 able works. One of the pleasantest is the fine work at Rockingham 
 
oil. of the Marquis of Bristol 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING CAPT. JOHN AUGUSTUS HERVEY TAKING LEAVE OF THE FAMILY ON HIS APPOINTMENT 
 
 TO THE COMMAND OF A SHIP 
 
 


 
 Coll, of the family of the late Sir Henry Bulicer 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING CHARLES DIBDIN (1745-1814) WITH HIS SECOND WIFE AND DAUGHTER 
 He is seated at a spinet, upon which he is stated, to have accompanied Miss Buckley, in a performance, of “ The Beggar’s Opera,” May 16, 1767 
 
\Coll. of the Rev. Wentworth Watson 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING THE THREE CHILDREN OF THE FIRST LORD SONDES, ONE BEING THE GRANDFATHER 
 
 OF THE PRESENT OWNER 
 
Coll, of Lord Willoughby de Broke 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING JOHN, 14m LORD WILLOUGHBY, WITH HIS WIFE AND THEIR THREE CHILDREN 
 
 JOHN: AFTERWARDS 15th LORD, L.ENRV, l6th LORD, AND LOUISA (MRS. BARNARD), WHO BECAME MOTHER OF ROBERT JOHN, 17th LORD 
 
 
CONVERSATION GROUPS 
 
 153 
 
 Castle, representing the Sondes children. They are depicted playing 
 under a big tree — one boy holding a cricket-bat of old-fashioned shape 
 in one hand and a cricket-ball in the other, the second by a squirrel, 
 which the youngest is feeding with nuts. This is a typical Zoffany in the 
 arrangement of the group and with the tree in the background, and the 
 quality of the painting is very good throughout. 
 
 Another of these children and family groups is that already referred 
 to at Blair Atholl, representing John, third Duke, his Duchess, and their 
 numerous family. The Duke is dressed in blue, holding a fishing-rod, 
 beside him stands his eldest son, Lord Tullibardine, in grey with a prim- 
 rose-coloured waistcoat — he holds a fish in one hand and a fly in the other. 
 The Duchess is a charming figure — dressed in the elaborate apricot satin 
 gown of the day with a lace fichu, so beloved by the painter — -and a 
 lace cap, and she holds a baby on her knee. Her eldest daughter, Lady 
 Charlotte Murray stands near her wearing a yellow dress with a lace 
 pinafore and holding a small wreath of flowers, and around the Duchess 
 play the three younger children. Just behind the group is a large apple- 
 tree in whose branches sits the young Lord James and a tame Racoon, 
 with which he is playing. In this delightful canvas Zoffany seems quite 
 to have broken away from the stiffness and hardness of his earlier work. 
 There is a feeling of gaiety and charm throughout, and it is typical of the 
 artist’s work at his best “ Watteau ” period. This is the picture with 
 the landscape background, which was, we believe, the work of Stewart 
 (see p. 15). 
 
 Perhaps the finest of these groups with children is the beautiful one 
 representing John, Lord Willoughby de Broke, with his wife and their 
 three children. In this picture Zoffany seems to have grasped the charm 
 of English domestic life in unique fashion. Nothing can be more natural 
 than the figure of the father with an admonishing finger held up to the 
 small child who is standing to the left of the tea-table and is surreptitiously 
 helping herself to buttered toast, or the third child on the right dragging 
 a red wooden horse on wheels. In this masterpiece Zoffany is at his 
 very best, also, in the exquisite finish of the still life, of the tea equipage. 
 The silver urn in the picture is still preserved at Compton Verney. 
 
 Lord Willoughby is represented in a brown coat and red waistcoat, 
 and Lady Willoughby wears a blue silk dress which Zoffany has painted 
 with consummate skill. By many critics this picture is considered the 
 artist’s chef -d' oeuvre ; the quality of the painting is wonderfully good 
 throughout, the composition is also excellent; and, most important of all, 
 there is life and action in the figures — the sitters seem actually alive, not 
 merely posing. 
 
 In the charming “ conversation piece ” belonging to Mr. William 
 
154 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Asch the large family are treated with equal vivacity and skill — the five 
 children and the little black page realistically painted — and this picture 
 also must rank as one of Zoffany’s happiest achievements. 1 
 
 Another charming group is that which he exhibited in 1764 and which 
 now belongs to the Hon. Mrs. Goldman. Here the artist has managed to 
 convey the feeling of air, space, atmosphere and movement to a wonderful 
 extent. The kite with which the boy is playing actually seems to flutter 
 in the air, and the action of the child is natural and vivacious. 
 
 Still more remarkable is the Dutton group depicting Mr. and Mrs. 
 Dutton with their son James, afterwards first Lord Sherborne, who 
 married Miss Coke, and their daughter, Jane, who married Thomas 
 Coke of Holkham, afterwards Earl of Leicester. The father and daughter 
 are playing cards, Mr. Dutton hesitating which card to play, and at the 
 moment consulting his wife, who puts down the book she is reading and 
 turns towards him. The son is leaning on the table, perhaps giving his 
 sister some advice in the same difficulty, but he is not taking very keen 
 interest in the game, and Miss Dutton, quiet, composed, dignified and 
 alert, is awaiting her father’s play with some impatience. Here, again, 
 as in the Willoughby de Broke picture, all the accessories are finely rendered. 
 The mantelpiece with its vases upon it, the pole screen, the mirror, 
 the card-table, the pictures on the wall, all are painted with consummate 
 skill and dexterity, and yet never once has the painter permitted them to 
 usurp more than their proper position in the picture. 
 
 It has been stated in a recent book that a companion picture was 
 painted by Zoffany representing the same family depicted reading the 
 Bible, but this is apparently not the case, and it is not easy to account 
 for the story having got into print. Perhaps Mrs. Dutton’s book was 
 the Bible and she resented her husband’s and daughter’s play, and did 
 not wish to be disturbed in her reading. This may have started the 
 story, but it is practically certain that the companion picture was never 
 painted. 
 
 A fine mantelpiece such as we see in this Dutton group also appears 
 in a conversation group belonging to Mrs. Smart, and in this case the 
 pair of black basalt vases of Wedgwood ware which Zoffany shows us 
 upon it and also the centre-piece still remain in the possession of the 
 family. These groups were, it is evident, in most instances painted by 
 the artist in the actual room in which his sitters lived, and Zoffany delighted 
 to render the fittings and treasures in the rooms with the utmost skill, 
 and so added to the charm of the painting, and in our day very greatly 
 to its interest. The Smart group, which depicts Mr. and Mrs. Hodgson 
 and their family, was probably painted at Bowles, Chigwell, Essex. Mr. 
 
 1 See a suggestion concerning the identity of the persons on p. 107. 
 
Coll, oj tin : Hon. Frederic Wallop 
 
 GROUP OF MR. AND MRS. PALMER AND THEIR DAUGHTER. AFTERWARDS 
 MRS. LANDON OF DORNEY COURT, BUCKS 
 
Coll, o/ Laura, Lady Simeon 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING TWO MEN PLAYING CARDS 
 One is believed to be Mr. John Simeon and the other, in uniform, his brother-in-law, Col. Cornwall The room was either 
 at 60 Queen Anne Street or at Walliscote, near Reading 
 
Coll, o f Lord Sherborne 
 
 THE DUTTON FAMILY GROUP 
 
 REPRESENTING MR. AND MRS. DUTTON, THEIR SON JAMES, ISt LORD SHERBORNE, AND THEIR DAUGHTER JANE, WHO MARRIED 
 THOMAS COKE OF HOLKHAM, AFTERWARDS EARL OF LEICESTER 
 
CONVERSATION GROUPS 
 
 J 55 
 
 Hodgson was a Commissioner for the Relief of American prisoners, and 
 holds in his hand a paper so inscribed. 
 
 Another card-playing picture is the Simeon group, and here two men 
 only are represented. Mr. John Simeon in a plum-coloured suit, and 
 his brother-in-law, Colonel Cornwall, in uniform. It is not certain where 
 this picture was painted. The room may have been one of those at 
 60 Queen Anne Street, London, or a room in the country home Wallis- 
 cote, near Reading. Here, again, there is a fine mantelpiece, and an 
 exquisite cut-glass lustre upon it fitted for candles, with the glittering 
 pendants and fine metal-work painted with most loving care, while, as 
 usual, the card-table, the chairs and the costumes of the two players have 
 received the same neat discriminating attention. 
 
 Just as delightful is Mr. Wallop’s charming group of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Palmer and their daughter, afterwards Mrs. Landon of Dorney Court, 
 Bucks. The familiar round table is again before us, its gleaming maho- 
 gany, painted with great skill. All three persons are seated at it, Miss 
 Palmer receiving a drawing-lesson from her father, Mrs. Palmer in a 
 blue silk dress busily engaged in needlework. Nothing can well be less 
 exciting, and at the same time nothing more delightful, more intimate 
 or more true. 
 
 Zoffany certainly had a wonderful skill with these family groups. 
 
 To the Bradney picture we have already made brief allusion. 
 It deserves, however, more attention. Sir John Hopkins, the great- 
 grandfather of the present owner, is the chief personage in it, and with 
 him is his wife, his two sons, his three daughters and a friend, Dr. Bout- 
 flower. There is the customary round table, and as in the Willoughby 
 de Broke picture and many others, the tea-things spread out upon it. 
 One daughter is at the harpsichord, another turning over the music, the 
 elder son stands near to the elegant mantelpiece, one sister by him and 
 another near to her mother. It is just a family scene, quiet, simple and 
 without pose, a charming pictorial record. 
 
 Another notable group is that which is now in New York, belonging 
 to the Ehrich Gallery, and setting forth the Hunt Breakfast at Mr. 
 Palmer’s house, Holme Park, near Reading. Here, again, Zoffany has 
 had every chance with the accessories of still-life. The white table-cloth, 
 the silver urn and teapot and the fine porcelain cups and saucers, have 
 been painted with his usual neatness and dexterity. The group is a 
 little straggling in line, as the various sportsmen all stand or sit near to 
 the wall, but their attitudes are simple and natural, and the portrait 
 group is rendered delightful in colour-scheme, by the gay clothing of 
 the gentlemen. All their names have been preserved, and from left to 
 right we have the Duke of Grafton, Sir Richard Aldworth, Mr. Robert 
 
156 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Palmer, in whose house they are all meeting; his son-in-law, Sir Thomas 
 Beauchamp Proctor; another son-in-law, Mr. Francis Pym; a third 
 son-in-law, Mr. George Beauchamp Proctor (Sir Thomas’s brother); 
 and, finally, the Duke of Bedford, while we must not forget Mr. Palmer’s 
 favourite dog Tiny, who is perched up on one of the chairs between Sir 
 Thomas Proctor and his brother-in-law, Mr. Pym. 
 
 The Ehrich Gallery used to possess another group of sportsmen by 
 Zoffany. It now belongs to Mrs. Payne Whitney. The picture at one 
 time was in the possession of Sir William Bass, and five sportsmen are 
 presented in it. From left to right we have Edmund, Earl of Cork, Mr. 
 Bingham, the Rev. Charles Digby, Colonel Cox and the Rev. Mr. 
 Hume with three hounds. Lord Cork leans over a seat on which Mr. 
 Bingham is lolling. Mr. Digby and Colonel Cox are near by, while 
 Mr. Hume approaches the group holding out his hand to one of the dogs. 
 The landscape in the distance is not like the work of Zoffany. It may 
 have been painted by one of his friends, like that in the Atholl group, but 
 the portraiture is admirable, and the stone group under the tree by which 
 they all stand cleverly rendered. 
 
 Another group of sporting men offers some resemblance to those 
 just described. This is the Roundell group, now hanging at Gledstone, 
 representing Richard Roundell and his three youthful friends in a stone 
 summerhouse, in a garden, on the banks of the Isis, with a view of 
 Oxford in the distance. They were all four Gentlemen Commoners of 
 Christchurch, and, taking advantage of a visit paid by Zoffany to Oxford, 
 were depicted in a group about a round table on which stand a bottle and 
 some glasses. There is plenty of colour in this picture, as Mr. Hawkes- 
 worth (afterwards Fawkes) is in a red coat with white breeches, Mr. 
 Dashwood (afterwards Sir Henry) in a blue coat, Mr. Noel (afterwards 
 Lord Wentworth) in grey with a claret-coloured gown thrown over it, 
 and the host in buff with red breeches, but also wearing a claret-coloured 
 gown trimmed with fur. The whole effect is charming. 
 
 Another delightful interior is the one belonging to Lord Zetland. 
 In this case the very room that is represented still exists in Arlington 
 Street, and the chairs, bronze ornament on the mantelpiece and picture 
 by Van Der Capelle over the mantelshelf are still cherished possessions 
 of the family. 
 
 Fishing rather appealed to Zoffany as a suitable employment to be 
 represented in pictorial form. Perhaps the very necessity for a fisher- 
 man to keep still was a reason for selecting that attitude when a portrait 
 was desired. Whatever may have been the reason, it is characteristic of 
 Zoffany’s groups that there are several in which the characters are shown 
 similarly engaged. We have already seen it in the Blair Atholl picture, 
 
Coll, of Messrs. Elirich Brothers Ehrich Gallery photo 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING A HUNT BREAKFAST AT HOLME PARK, BERKS 
 From left to right the persons are: The Duke of Grafton; Sir Richard Aldworth of Stanlake Park; Mr. Robert Palmer, M.P. of Holme Park; Sir Thomas 
 Beauchamp-Proctor of Langley Park ; Mr. Palmer’s dog Tiny ; Mr. Francis Pym, M.P. ; Mr. George Beauchamp-Proctor, and the Duke of Bedford. 
 
Ehrich Gallery photo 
 
 Coll, of Mrs. Payne Whitney, New York 
 
 GROUP OF SPORTING GENTLEMEN 
 
 EDMUND EARL OF CORK, MR. BINGHAM, REV. CHARLES DIGBY, COL. COX, AND REV. MR. HUME 
 
 At one time in the collection of Sir William Bass 
 
T i \ '3i 
 
 Bp 
 
 \ 'Swap® 
 
 L \ 
 
 IB ’ 
 
 M : 1 
 
 Ml & MRS. BURKE OF CARSHALTON 
 llV l ZOPRANY, H.A. 
 
 n I <•’ possession of Mrs. Spencer Percival 
 

Coll, of the Marquis of Zetlatid 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING LAURENCE, 1ST EARL OF ZETLAND, THE GRANDFATHER OF THE PRESENT LORD ZETLAND, 
 THE BOY IN THE FIGURE, WITH SIR LAURENCE DUNDAS, BART., HIS GRANDFATHER 
 
CONVERSATION GROUPS 
 
 157 
 
 and we have alluded to it in the portrait of the Sayer boy, who appears 
 in the well-known engraving published by his father as in the act of 
 fishing. 
 
 The same incident appears in the group belonging to Mrs. Spencer 
 Perceval, a delightful composition. Here we have Mr. and Mrs. John 
 Burke, with their son and daughter, and Zoffany the artist forming one 
 of the family. One girl holds a fishing-rod and her brother has his foot 
 on a basket which contains fish. Mr. Burke is reading the newspaper, 
 his wife standing near him and resting her hand on his shoulder, while 
 Zoffany, holding a silver snuff-box (exquisitely painted, by the way), 
 has gathered up in his arms the youngest and favourite child, who was, 
 if tradition tells a true story, also his god-daughter. 
 
 The children are painted with much charm and sympathy, their 
 expression and attitudes being easy and unconscious. In grouping the 
 figures of this picture Zoffany has departed from the conventional pyra- 
 midal arrangement, and by so doing has made his composition more 
 natural and unstudied, so that the spectator feels that the family, instead 
 of being formally posed, has been caught unawares without that stiffness 
 which sometimes characterises a portrait group. 
 
 Yet another fishing group is the one representing Mr. John Yorke 
 and Colonel Coore, now belonging to Mr. T. E. Yorke. His ancestor is 
 seated holding a book, but the friend has just landed a fish which he is 
 in the act of taking off the hook. The colouring of this picture is delight- 
 ful, the scarlet coat with green facings, and Mr. Yorke’s brown suit being 
 well set off against the stones and trees in the distance. 
 
 Children, again, are charmingly represented in Lady Melville’s group, 
 although in this case they are not playing but studying. The scene is 
 set in a library, and the bookcases and the globe that one sees in the 
 picture are still in the possession of the family. The elder girl Elizabeth 
 stands by the globe pointing out some place upon it, a younger one holds 
 a map of Europe in her hand, and the third is seated at a desk copying 
 a map when their brother suddenly disturbing the geography lesson comes 
 marching into the room carrying a satchel and some books, and upon 
 one of them the painter has inscribed the words “ Robert Dundas, his 
 book.” 
 
 Probably this group was painted in Scotland, for to that country 
 Zoffany certainly went at one time in his later career. 
 
 Of that we have evidence in the Raith collection, for Sir R. C. Munro 
 Ferguson, K.C.M.G., still possesses the famous group Zoffany painted 
 to commemorate the coming of age of William Ferguson, his great-grand- 
 father, in 1781. It may be of interest, if, before describing the picture, 
 we say something of William Ferguson himself. He was William Berry, 
 
158 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 and had a brother, Robert, the father of Mary and Agnes Berry, Walpole’s 
 two interesting friends. The mother of these two brothers was a sister 
 of Robert Ferguson, a Scottish merchant in Broad Street, Austin Friars, 
 who made a fortune of about £300,000, and in 1725 bought Raith from 
 the Melville family. Robert Berry, who married a distant cousin of his 
 own, was in the counting-house of his uncle; at whose death, however, 
 he found himself passed over (save for £10,000, a small annual income of 
 £300 a year, and the dingy old residence in Austin Friars) in favour of 
 his brother William, who had married an heiress, a daughter of Ronald 
 Craufurd of Restalrig, and now assumed by royal licence the surname 
 and arms of Ferguson. According to Mary Berry, her father was 
 “ choused” out of his inheritance. 1 This was in 1781, when she was 
 eighteen, and some years before she and her sister made the acquaintance 
 of Horace Walpole (then over seventy), who secured a house for them as 
 is well known at Teddington. Two years later the}^ settled down at 
 Little Strawberry Hill (earlier known as Clivedon), where Kitty Clive 
 lived, so that the old beau, now Earl of Orford, could enjoy their 
 society “ without the ridicule or the trouble of a marriage,” to use a 
 phrase of Mary’s. The uncle had died in 1781, but soon after that, as 
 we have seen, Zoffany went to India, and it was certainly after 1790 that 
 Zoffany must have made the journey to Scotland. The landscape depicts 
 the scenery about Raith, the tree can, it is said, be still pointed out, and 
 the wine-cooler, which appears in the foreground of the painting, is still 
 in the house, and according to tradition has never left it. 
 
 Who the men are, cannot now be stated, save with three exceptions. 
 Ferguson himself has been identified and one friend, a Mr. Adam of Blair 
 Adam (probably John, eldest brother of the more famous William), and the 
 painter himself, who is fittingly in the background and does not look 
 particularly happy, as though the letter he holds in his hand had conveyed 
 bad news to him, or at all events news that was unwelcome at the time. 
 The round table is, of course, introduced, and upon it — as in the Roundell 
 group — are glasses and a bottle. The portraits are excellent, no better 
 group did the painter ever execute. It is full of movement and vivacity 
 as befitting such a happy occasion, Zoffany’s own countenance the only 
 depressing one in the partv, and, thanks to the rich variety of the costumes, 
 the colour-scheme is like the rest of the picture — delightful. 
 
 In the same house are other portraits by Zoffanv, probably painted at 
 the same time, and representing Lady Dumfries ; Mrs. Ferguson and Mrs. 
 Fullerton together seated at a spinet ; and one supposed to represent 
 Admiral Forbes, so that Zoffany, it is evident, had plenty of work to do 
 whilst there. 
 
 1 William, however, settled on Robert a sum to make his annuity up to £1000 a year. 
 
•' STER JAMES SAYER, AT THE AGE OF 13 
 
 l! J. ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 IV he possession of Lady Sayer 
 
Coll, oj Mr 7 v. Oswald 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MRS. OSWALD OF AUCHINCRUVE 
 [Circa 1770) 
 
 Full length 
 

 
 
Coll, of the Rt. Honble. Sir Ronald C. Munro- Ferguson 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING MARY AND AGNES BERRY AS YOUNG GIRLS 
 
Coll, of Miss Alice dc Rothschild Havfslangl photo 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING SIR JAMES COCKBURN, 6tii BARONET, AND HIS DAUGHTER 
 At one time in the National Gallery, but invalidly bequeathed and ceded to the Cockburn Family 
 

CONVERSATION GROUPS 
 
 *59 
 
 Probably the portrait of Sir James Cockburn, the sixth Baronet, and 
 his daughter, belongs to the same visit. It was at one time in the National 
 Gallery, but having been bequeathed to it by an invalid will, had, in 1892, 
 to be ceded to the Cockburn family, and now belongs to Miss Alice 
 de Rothschild, who also owns Zoffany’s portrait of the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 We surmise that at this same time Zoffany also painted the full-length 
 portrait of Mrs. Oswald, as James Townsend Oswald, Auditor of the 
 Exchequer, in Scotland, son of a prominent politician, and father of a 
 distinguished soldier, lived in the same shire and not far off from Raith. 
 
 Moreover, the elder Ferguson and Oswald’s father had married sisters, 
 daughters of Joseph Townsend, M.P. for Westbury, Wiltshire. The 
 elder sister married Robert Ferguson, the younger, James Oswald (1715- 
 1769). Both men were educated at Kirkcaldy Grammar School, where 
 they made one another’s acquaintance. James Oswald was eventually 
 M.P. for the Kirkcaldy Burghs, 
 
 Of this fine painting — one of Zoffany’s very few full-lengths — it is 
 said in the family that the artist endeavoured to introduce a portrait of 
 Mr. Oswald on to the same canvas as that on which he was painting his 
 wife, but that Mr. Oswald objected to it, and eventually made Zoffany 
 cover his image with a cloud. Mrs. Oswald died in London in 1780, 
 and her body was brought down and buried in the family vault at Auchin- 
 cruive in Scotland. Robert Burns, we are told, finding the poor lady’s 
 funeral retinue in the public house he was in the habit of frequenting, 
 vented his indignation and spleen by writing a scurrilous poem, entitled, 
 “ Dweller in yon Dungeon Dark,” in which he abused Mrs. Oswald to 
 his heart’s content, in spite of the fact that she was a most estimable 
 lady. Mrs. Oswald in this picture wears a blue silk dress of much the 
 same colour as Lady Willoughby de Broke in the beautiful picture 
 already described. 
 
 It seems to be possible that the reason Zoffany was invited to Raith 
 is because years before he had painted a portrait group of Mary and 
 Agnes Berry when quite young girls. This may have been done when 
 they were in Florence or by Zoffany soon after his return from Italy, 
 say, perhaps, in 1779 or 1780, and possibly when they and Zoffany were 
 near neighbours, for, as we have seen, Zoffany had a residence in Chiswick 
 and the Berrys lived with their grandmother, Mrs. Seton, in the College 
 House in that place. The two girls are playing with a large black-and- 
 white retriever dog, and their expressions are arch and piquant, full of 
 the enjoyment of life, and just what we should expect in the countenances 
 of two sisters who were to have such an amusing and delightful time in 
 old age, and were to be so much beloved by all about them. 
 
 Yet other important groups must not fail to be mentioned. 
 
i6o 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 In Miss Boothby’s possession is the famous one in which the Duke 
 of York appears seated in the midst of the picture with several of his 
 boon companions. Harry St. John, Sir William Boothby, Lord Lucan, 
 Topham Beauclerk and others, all grouped under a tree as usual and about 
 a fine classic stone urn. Here, again, is a fine group of portraits, delightful 
 colouring and every evidence of life and vivacity. This was perhaps 
 painted in Florence ( see p. 53). 
 
 Then there is the curious Sayer group representing three generations 
 of the family, old Mr. Sayer, his son and daughter, and their infant child, 
 and Mr. Sayer’s sister, Madame de Pougens. A tree shelters them all 
 as usual, and in the distance is to be seen part of the family estate and 
 its gardens. 
 
 The two groups of the Cocks family must not be overlooked. In 
 one they are depicted out of doors and seated on a block of stone, and in 
 the other, represented in the room in their own home, and which 
 apparently just at that moment they had entered. 
 
 Special allusion must be made to these two fine groups of the 
 sons of Thomas Somers Cocks the banker, because they bear upon them 
 the words “ Zoffany pictor,” a most unusual circumstance, and one 
 which makes the paintings more than usually important. 
 
 Another quite charming group is the Hussey one, said to have been 
 painted at Wargrave Hill House, and now belonging to Mr. Robert Marshall. 
 There are just the father, mother and daughter, and the child, holding 
 a rose, is advancing towards her parents with graceful attitude and mien. 
 It is in what we have ventured to call the painter’s Watteau-like manner, 
 and a peculiarly pleasant example of Zoffany’s later work. 
 
 It seems possible that Zoffany commenced at one time early in his 
 career a group of the Royal children, which he never completed. Elmes 
 tells a story about it, but no such group containing fifteen children or 
 even one of ten can now be traced. Elmes says that 
 
 “ when Zoffany began the picture of the Royal family there were 
 ten children. He made his sketch accordingly, and attending two 
 or three times, went on finishing the figures. Various circumstances 
 prevented him from proceeding — His Majesty was engaged in 
 business of more consequence, Her Majesty was engaged, some 
 of the Princesses were engaged, and some of the Princes were unwell. 
 The completion of the picture was consequently delayed, when a 
 messenger came to inform the artist that another Prince was born, 
 and must be introduced in the picture; this was not easy, but it 
 was accomplished with some difficulty. All this took up much time, 
 when a second messenger arrived to announce the birth of a Princess 
 
Coll, of the Corporation of Glasgow 
 
 A FAMILY GROUP, NAMES UNKNOWN, CALLED “ THE MINUET 
 
 ' V 
 
C of Mr. Joseph C. T. Hcriz Smith of Slade Park 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING THE REV. JOHN COCKS (1731-1793) AND JAMES COCKS, THIRD AND FIFTH SONS 
 
 OF JOHN COCKS OF CASTLEDITCH 
 
\of Mr Joseph C. T. Heriz Smith of Slade Park 
 
 , GROUP REPRESENTING THOMAS SOMERS COCKS, BANKER (1737-1796), AND RICHARD COCKS, HIS BROTHER (1740-1821). 
 SEVENTH AND EIGHTH SONS OF JOHN COCKS OF CASTLEDITCH 
 
 
 
CONVERSATION GROUPS 
 
 161 
 
 and to acquaint him that the illustrious stranger must have a place 
 in the canvas; this was impossible without a new arrangement; one 
 half of the figures were therefore obliterated, in order that the group- 
 ing might be closer to make room ; to do this was a business of some 
 months, and before it was finished a letter came from one of the 
 maids-of-honour, informing the painter that there was another 
 addition to the family, for whom a place must be found. ‘ This,’ 
 cried the artist, ‘ is too much ; if they cannot sit with more regularity, 
 I cannot paint with more expedition, and must give it up.’ ” 1 
 
 Exigencies of space forbid one to dwell on the very many other fine 
 and interesting groups by Zoffany : to describe them in detail would be 
 impossible as they are scattered throughout the various country-houses 
 of Great Britain, but we must briefly cite one more — the beautiful 
 “ Minuet at Glasgow.” By many critics this picture is considered 
 Zoffany’s masterpiece. It is very broadly painted — the figures live 
 and move in it, and it is interesting to the student in studying this 
 work, to compare it with Zoffany’s earlier and tighter manner, and 
 to see also how entirely he left behind him the stiff and somewhat 
 doll-like figures of his first period. The composition is, perhaps, some- 
 what faulty, but this defect is atoned for by the wonderful dexterity 
 of the painting, and the brilliancy and charm of the colour ; par- 
 ticularly effective is the young girl’s dress with its shimmer of pink 
 seen through the white, and the gleam of silver on the shoe, while the 
 whole effect of the picture is similar to that of the spirit of Watteau. It 
 would be of great interest to discover the names of the personages in this 
 group, for Zoffany so rarely, if ever, painted, like so many of his con- 
 temporaries (Peters, for instance), fancy groups as subjects, as they are 
 termed, that one is inclined to think this was a real family portrayed 
 whose names have been lost in the mist of ages. It is unfortunate that 
 England at present does not possess one group by Zoffany in her public 
 galleries, a serious mistake for many reasons, but mainly because no 
 artist of that period has had so many “ conversation pictures ” attributed 
 to him, quite regardless of date and style. It would thus be an excellent 
 thing if our public galleries were to contain two or three well-authenticated 
 groups by the painter, so that the student of painting in the eighteenth 
 century should be able to form a comprehensive idea of Zoffany’s work, 
 as under present conditions it is almost impossible for him to do. 
 
 1 Elmes’s Art and Artists, I. 61. 
 
 M 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 SINGLE PORTRAITS 
 
 When we leave the groups and come to consider the single portraits 
 attributed to Zoffany, our task as critics is rendered far more difficult. 
 
 As we have said in another place, Zoffany’s name has been very freely 
 used, and portraits with which he had nothing whatever to do often have 
 his name attached to them. 
 
 This has been more frequently the case with regard to separate 
 portraits than with groups, as in the latter it has generally been possible 
 to determine when the picture was painted, whether in England, Italy 
 or India, and to attach the right name to it. 
 
 Moreover, the groups have remained in many cases in the hands of 
 some members of the family for whom they were originally painted, but 
 this has not often been so, with the single figures. 
 
 Of some, therefore, we can be quite certain, of others we must speak 
 in far less definite terms. 
 
 There is no series of portraits to equal that at Ickworth belonging 
 to Lord Bristol, and it would appear likely that Zoffany must have made 
 a prolonged sojourn with the family, so many different portraits did he 
 paint. 
 
 To the large group, reference has already been made, but there are 
 beside it no less than eight single portraits which have been attributed 
 to Zoffany. Respecting one of them, that of a lady, name unknown, 
 we are gravely doubtful, but the remaining seven are probably ascribed 
 to the right painter. Six appear amongst our illustrations, and although 
 we are rather concerned respecting the one of Lady Mary Fitzgerald, 
 yet it does approximate in some measure to the technique and style of 
 Zoffany, and so w T e include it in the volume. 
 
 The two of Lady Mulgrave and Lady Caroline Hervey, seated figures, 
 cleverly presented and with accessories and fabrics painted in thoroughly 
 Zoffany fashion, bespeak his hand in every piece of their brushwork, 
 while the Lady Emily Hervey, so different in many respects from the 
 other two in pose, composition and lighting, must surely have been the 
 work of the same painter who was responsible for the others, and is 
 graceful charming and attractive. 
 
 162 
 
Coll of Mrs. Fleischmann Campbell Gray photo 
 
 PORTRAIT OF DR. THOMAS HANSON 
 

 
Coll, of Sir Hugh McCalmont 
 
 PORTRAIT OF 
 
 MR. PHIPPS 
 
Coll, of the Marquis of Bristol 
 
 LADY CAROLINE HERVEY, 4th DAUGHTER OF JOHN, LORD HERVEY 
 
 She died unmarried 1 March, 1819, aged 83 
 

 

 CoLL. of the Marquis of Bristol 
 
 PORTRAIT OF LEPEL, LADY MULGRAVE, DAUGHTER OF JOHN, LORD HERVEY 
 
 She died in 1789 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Coll, of Hie Marquis of Bristol 
 
 PORTRAIT OF LADY EMILY HERVEY, DAUGHTER OF JOHN, LORD HERVEY. 
 She died unmarried 4 June. 1814, aged 83 
 
 

 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SINGLE PORTRAITS 163 
 
 The men’s portraits are those of Colonel William Hervey and the 
 Bishop of Derry. 
 
 Lady Mary, Lady Caroline, Lady Emily and Lady Mulgrave were 
 all sisters, daughters of John, Lord Hervey, and of the fascinating Polly 
 Lepel. Colonel Hervey was their brother. 
 
 The Bishop of Derry was the fourth Earl of Bristol, and the remaining 
 picture, which does not appear in this volume, but which was engraved 
 in mezzotint by Watson, represented George William Hervey, the second 
 Earl. 
 
 Another portrait about which there can be no doubt is that of Mr. 
 Phipps, in which the breakfast-service so carefully set out upon a white 
 cloth, on the invariable round table, supplies the needful identification, 
 if one were needed. As a matter of fact, the history of the picture is known, 
 for Phipps left it to his college friend, Mr. Barton, who was the great- 
 grandfather of Miss Barton, half-sister to Sir Hugh McCalmont, in whose 
 possession the painting now is. It is quite a charming example of Zoffany’s 
 love of an interior setting, with furniture and accessories. 
 
 Just as certain is the portrait of Dr. Hanson, which belongs to Mrs. 
 Fleischman. The tree under which he sits is unmistakable, and all the 
 details of the costume, to the buttons on the coat and to the stick in the 
 hand, speak of Zoffany’s careful, neat work. 
 
 The same can be said of the portrait of another aged man, the renowned 
 Dr. Richard Russell, to whose wise recommendations the town of Brighton 
 owes its great popularity and importance. Here, again, tradition is at 
 hand, as the work has always borne the name of Zoffany, and we believe 
 that the attribution can be fully sustained, for the picture is characteristic 
 and a very skilful presentation of character. It may be compared with 
 that of Mr. Andrew Drummond, to which it bears some resemblance. 
 
 Another interesting portrait is that of Benjamin Stillingfleet, the 
 philosopher and poet, who was brother to Mrs. John Locker, and whose 
 portrait has always remained in the possession of the Locker family and 
 now belongs to Mr. Godfrey Locker-Lampson, and hangs in his house 
 at Rowfant. 
 
 Stillingfleet was the man who 
 
 “ cultivated the society of those learned ladies, Mrs. Montague, 
 Mrs. Talbot and Mrs. Elizabeth Carter and always made his appear- 
 ance at their gatherings in a full suit of dark brown, a wig, gilt sword 
 and buckles, also stockings of a bluish-grey, by which last portion 
 of his attire the notable coterie especially distinguished him. In 
 consequence of this recognition the wits of the time, perhaps rather 
 irreverently, dubbed them the ‘ Bas Bleu Club,’ and it is thus that 
 
164 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 the phrase ‘ Blue Stocking ’ has become a cant term for learned 
 ladies generally.” 1 
 
 Stillingfleet died in 1771 and was buried in St. James’ Church, where 
 Mr. Locker raised a monument to his memory. 
 
 A pair of portraits we have not seen, belonging to Mr. Longman, 
 and representing a brother and sister named Harris, the latter of whom 
 married Mr. Longman’s great-grandfather, may also be accepted. The 
 girl’s attitude is that of one of the figures in the group at Blair Atholl, 
 and she is carrying a wreath, as is the girl in that picture, while the boy 
 is equally characteristic, and the tradition had been permanent and 
 sustained. The paintings are probably early works, as they are somewhat 
 stiff and formal. 
 
 Again there can be no doubt as to the portrait of Maria Waldegrave, 
 Duchess of Gloucester, which came from the Duke of Cambridge’s collec- 
 tion, and now belongs to Messrs. Agnew. No one but Zoffany could have 
 painted that costume ; besides, the inevitable round table, the mantelpiece 
 with its vases, the fan, books and cloak all proclaim that the painting was 
 executed at his best period, and no better example of his work could 
 be desired. 
 
 The one of Queen Charlotte belonging to the King is just as certain ; 
 moreover, the print by Lawrie, although not identical, announces whose 
 work it is. The engraver has not, however, done justice to the original 
 work, as will be seen by a comparison of the picture which we are graci- 
 ously allowed to reproduce, side by side with the print. The omission 
 of the vase of flowers, the column and the drapery all are to be regretted. 
 The painting is far finer than the print, even the portraiture far more 
 satisfactory, and the engraver has failed to impress upon his work the 
 rich, luxurious effect of the painting in which the fabric, lace, jewels and 
 cushion are all represented with exceeding skill. 
 
 We have not seen the two De Castro portraits, but have no reason 
 to doubt their being also the work of Zoffany, whose name they have 
 always carried. The male portrait is a very characteristic one, and 
 probably both of them were painted in India, where Daniel De Castro 
 was a successful merchant. 
 
 Another old man’s portrait is the one belonging to the Duke of Port- 
 land, and representing Charles John Bentinck, the youngest son of William, 
 Earl of Portland. Here, again, we may compare the Andrew Drummond 
 and the Brighton portraits and see the same skilful handling in all three, 
 although in the Welbeck picture the painter has centred his efforts on the 
 face, and has not given as much attention as he usually did to the costume. 
 
 1 My Confidences, by Frederick Locker-Lampson, 1896. 
 
Coll, of Mrs. Morland Agnew IV. E. Gray photo 
 
 PORTRAIT OF MARIA WALPOLE, COUNTESS WALDEGRAVE AND AFTERWARDS DUCHESS OF GLOUCESTER 
 From the collection of H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge 
 
 
Coll of M esirs. A giieiv 
 
 PORTRAIT OF WILLIAM BURTON 
 
 
 
Coll, of Messrs. Knoedler, formerly in llial of Lord Ribblcsdule Campbell Cray photo 
 
 PORTRAIT OF VINCENT LUNARDI, THE BALLOONIST, GIVING A DISPLAY A'l WINDSOR CASTLE 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coll, of the Earl of Crawford 
 
 PORTRAIT OF HENRY DUNCOMBE UNCLE TO THE FIRST LORD FEVERSJIAM 
 
Coll, of Mr. J. Paul de Castro 
 
 PORTRAIT OF DANIEL DE CASTRO 
 
 AN' EAST INDIA MERCHANT WHO MARRIED SARAH JUDITH DE CASTRO ON AUGUST 6, 1/66 
 
 Sec “ Gentleman’s Magazine ” 1766) 
 
Coll, of Mr. J. Paul de Castro 
 
 PORTRAIT OI- SARAH JUDITH DK CASTRO 
 
 WIFE AND NIECE OF DANIEL DE CASTRO WHOM SHE MARRIED 6 AUGUST, 1 766. SHE DIED IN 1824 
 
Coll, of the Duke of Portland, K.G. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF CHARLES JOHN BENTINCK 1708-1779), YOUNGEST SON OF WILLIAM BENTINCK, 
 
 EARL OF PORTLAND 
 

BROTHER AND SISTER NAMED HARRIS, PAINTED AT THE AGES OF 
 The sister married the great- giandfather of the owner of the pictures 
 
Coll, of the Hon. Evan C. Charteris 
 
 PORTRAIT OF A MAN IN A RED COSTUME, NAME UNKNOWN 
 The landscape is attributed to Richard Wilson 
 
SINGLE PORTRAITS 
 
 ^5 
 
 Mr. Charteris’ second single figure may, perhaps, be that of an actor. 
 Is it Baddeley in the School for Scandal, or is it simply a man standing under 
 a tree in a landscape in sight, perchance, of the grounds of his country 
 home ? The landscape bears a close resemblance to that in Lord Durham’s 
 picture, the tree is quite unmistakable, while the details of the costume, 
 especially the richly-coloured waistcoat, all lead us to feel quite confident 
 that it is rightly attributed. 
 
 Another single figure is that of Edward Pearce of Camelford, belonging 
 to Sir Robert Edgcumbe, a man in riding costume with his dog, while 
 yet another similar in style is the one of Henry Duncombe, belonging to 
 Lord Crawford. Tradition in this instance says that he is leaning against 
 Lord Muncaster’s tomb. It is certainly a monumental block of stone 
 against which he is posed, under a tree, of course, and with an open 
 landscape in the distance, but there is no inscription or other evidence 
 to lead us to infer that it represents a tomb. 
 
 The portrait of Lunardi the balloonist, giving a display at Windsor 
 Castle, we have often examined, and feel confident that it is rightly given 
 to Zoffany. It is just the sort of picture he loved to paint, with plenty 
 of accessories to the portrait, Windsor Castle in the distance, the Royal 
 family viewing the balloon, a delightful little intimate group ; the balloon 
 itself, the gun upon which Lunardi rests his hand and the details of his 
 costume so cleverly indicated in just the right manner, all go to prove 
 that this charming painting, which once belonged to Lord Ribblesdale, 
 is an interesting and attractive work by our artist. 
 
 When we come to a portrait of Wm. Burton we are not quite as 
 certain; although the statuary and marbles, which are its accessories, are 
 painted very much as are those in the Towneley picture, and the details 
 of the costume resemble those of Zoffany. The painting is probably 
 his work, but is not wholly convincing; we do not refuse it a place in 
 our illustrations, but are not certain that another man may not have 
 been responsible for it, although bound to say that it is good enough 
 for Zoffany. 
 
 It may, perhaps, be well to mention among the single portraits one of 
 David Garrick, belonging to Mr. Kyte, which certainly offers some 
 resemblance to the work of Zoffany, although we are by no means satisfied 
 that it is from his hand. Its special interest consists in the fact that it 
 presents him gazing at two miniatures, a pose he adopted when playing 
 Hamlet, “ pulling out two portraits to look upon this picture and upon 
 that.” 
 
 A picture we would gladly have discovered is that of George Steevens, 
 “ Shakespeare Steevens,” which was engraved by Sylvester Harding for 
 Boydell for his edition of Shakespeare. It was sold before Zoffany went 
 
1 66 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 to India to a Mr. Clark of Princes Street, so a contemporary account 
 tells us, and represented the conceited author with his favourite little 
 dog. It was painted in early days, for Smith 1 tells us that then, Steevens 
 loved to have his portrait taken, but later on “ he not only refused to sit 
 but actually took the greatest pains to destroy every resemblance of his 
 features, and never suffered himself to remain in the company of an artist 
 for any length of time lest he should steal his likeness.” Perchance 
 he got hold of Zoffany’s portrait of himself, and it shared the fate to 
 which Smith alludes. 
 
 A delightful picture is that of Jane Austen as a girl, which must have 
 been painted in 1790 or thereabouts, and which gives a charming represen- 
 tation of a prim but amusing, cheerful maiden, just such as we should 
 have fancied Jane Austen to Be. 
 
 We have not space to do more than refer briefly to the portraits belong- 
 ing to Sir Cosmo Antrobus, the Earl of Desart, and Sir T. Boothby, 
 the one of an unknown man, miscalled Ozias Humphry at the Ehrich 
 Gallery; the one of Charles James Fox belonging to Mr. Holden, or 
 the splendid warrior belonging to MacLeod of MacLeod, but of all 
 these and many others, details will be found in our Appendix. 
 
 One portrait must not, however, be overlooked, the one of Gainsborough 
 in the National Gallery, a brilliant sketch-like production in a small oval, 
 showing the painter’s face in profile and exhibiting a mastery in technique 
 quite amazing, wonderful brushwork with splendid result ; an enchanting 
 little painting and evidently a splendid likeness to boot. 
 
 If the portrait called that of James Quin which belonged to Sir Cuthbert 
 Quilter is included in our survey, it must be praised with very similar 
 words, but we doubt very much whether it could possibly represent Quin, 
 if Zoffany painted it, and on the other hand, it does resemble the accepted 
 portraits of Quin to a marked extent. 
 
 Generally speaking, Zoffany is not at his best in single portraits, 
 although a few stand out amongst his supreme works, say, for example, 
 the portrait of Gainsborough, the portrait at Welbeck, and Dr. Russell at 
 Brighton. 2 
 
 It is by his groups, however, that he will live, and these, though 
 small in scale, are yet broad and vital, and the very fact that Zoffany 
 possessed no sense of imagination, but was gifted with an insatiable 
 curiosity, great restlessness and a supreme vanity, help to give to these 
 wonderful pictures a part of their charm. 
 
 He loved to delineate in clear fashion and with precise detail, he 
 
 1 Nollekens and his Times, Lane’s edit., I. 65. 
 
 2 His actual full-length portraits are rare. We may mention those of Mrs. Oswald 
 and Miss Farren as two examples. 
 
Coll, of Messrs. EhricJi Brothers 
 
 Ehrich Gallery photo 
 
 PORTRAIT OF A MAN, NAME UNKNOWN 
 (called at one time, ozias Humphry, r.a.) 
 
Coll, of Admiral Sir Ernest Rice, K.C.H. 
 
 JANE AUSTEN AS A CHILD 
 
 REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OE MR. W. AUSTEN LEIGH AND MR. JOHN MURRAY 
 
 r 
 
Coll, of Macleod of Macleod 
 
 PORTRAIT OF GENERAL NORMAN MACLEOD 
 1754—1801 
 
Coll, of M r . Seymour Boolhby 
 
 PORTRAIT 
 
 OF GENERAL SIR WILLIAM BOOTHBY ON HORSED 
 

"/humtad />,,//„■, Mamo M , /e/m. 
 
SINGLE PORTRAITS 
 
 167 
 
 exulted in the effect of light in an interior, and in representing the gleaming 
 surfaces of silver, porcelain or glass, while for the colour-effects of costumes, 
 especially in silk, satin or brocade, he had an absolute passion. 
 
 All this with “ patient and conscientious art,” as has been well said, 
 he set out upon his canvas with deft and facile handling, and as a result 
 we have in his family groups a perfect representation of Georgian life 
 which has no parallel. 
 
 Almost pre-Raphaelite in his usual treatment of minutiae and shadows, 
 he was able to present the accessories of his pictures with an enamel-like 
 perfection, and yet never did they usurp more than their proper place in 
 the composition. 
 
 At times he varied this treatment by adopting what we have termed 
 his Watteau-like method, gay, vibrant and vivacious, broad, feathery 
 and light, and yet executed with a precision that is remarkable. 
 
 Above all, his works, although sometimes similar are never mono- 
 tonous, never uninteresting, never unsuccessful in colour-scheme, and 
 although Zoffany must not be claimed as a really great master he yet 
 stands well in the front rank amongst the minor men, and his works are 
 always a joy to behold, while he has no competitor and no equal in the 
 particular manner which he made so successfully his own. 
 
 Sir Claude Phillips in his Life of Reynolds remarks that Zoffany almost 
 alone in his generation was much influenced by Hogarth, and became, 
 although a Bohemian 1 born, as thoroughly English as any Englishman 
 in his art; in fact, he adds, “ Zoffany grasped with greater strength and 
 subtlety certain elements of British character than any other artist had 
 done since Hogarth.” 
 
 May we not also suggest that Watteau, Longhi and Gainsborough 
 had their influence upon him, and that in his really best work he is not 
 unworthy of being placed in close juxtaposition with all these masters, 
 as well as being regarded as the only real follower of Hogarth and the 
 Dutch painters in his groups and composition. 
 
 1 He was born in Frankfort ( see p. 3), not at Ratisbon as generally stated. 
 
PAINTINGS BY OR ATTRIBUTED TO 
 
 ZOFFANY 
 
PAINTINGS BY OR ATTRIBUTED TO ZOFFANY 
 
 The descriptions in most cases are those supplied by the owners. 
 The items marked P are illustrated in these pages. 
 
 Aberdare, Lord. 
 
 83, Eaton Square. 
 
 Portrait, believed to represent Horace Walpole, 
 and to have been painted at Strawberry Hill. 
 
 Two portraits of David Garrick, which were 
 at one time in one frame, and are said to have 
 been painted to give an idea of his facial 
 adaptability. 
 
 Adam, Dr. 
 
 Blackwater. 
 
 Small painting representing a man seated in 
 a mahogany chair, by a round mahogany table. 
 He wears a long pink and blue waistcoat, 
 elaborately trimmed with gold lace, and knee 
 breeches, and a white wig, and bears some 
 resemblance to Garrick. By his hand, on the 
 table, is a letter, on which two words can 
 be read — 
 
 TO . . . and 
 
 Adams, The Rev. W. 
 Fulford. 
 
 Noke, 
 
 I slip, 
 Oxford. 
 
 At the lower part of the letter appears to be 
 Christopher. 
 
 The signature part of the inscription is not 
 legible. 
 
 Near to the letter there stands on the table a 
 silver standish. 
 
 The man is represented seated in a room, the 
 walls of which are panelled. 
 
 This is more probably by Benjamin Wilson. 
 
 Portrait of Miss Mary Dacres, daughter of 
 Admiral Dacres, and afterwards wife of Mr. 
 Compton. Her sister married William Adams, 
 Esq., M.P., who was the great-grandfather of 
 the present owner of the picture. 
 
 171 
 
172 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Agnew, Mrs. Mor- Portrait of Maria Walpole (Duchess of Glou- 
 land. cester), seated, wearing a very rich silk gown, 
 
 and holding a book in her hand. Near by is a 
 round table, on which is a lace-trimmed cape, 
 and two books; a fireplace having a picture 
 of fruit and flowers set inside it, and a 
 mantelpiece, on which are various vases, can 
 be seen in the background. 35^ x 27. 
 
 Originally in the collection of the Duke of 
 Cambridge. P. 
 
 Albany, H.R.H. The Portrait of a man, small full-length, in white wig 
 Duchess of. and pigtail, holding in his hand a cocked hat 
 
 Kensington Palace, and cane. He wears a star and the blue ribbon 
 of an order. 14x9. 
 
 Albany Barracks. 
 Regent's Park , 
 Officers' Mess. 
 
 Alexander, Sir Claud. 
 Ballochmyle , 
 Mauchline , 
 
 Ayr. 
 
 Alston, A. R., Esq. 
 The Tofte, 
 Sharnhrook , 
 Bedford. 
 
 Portrait of Rt. Hon. H. T. Seymour Conway, 
 father of Mrs. Dawson Darner, as Colonel of the 
 Blues, 1770-1795. 32 x 28. 
 
 A young man leaning against a boulder holding 
 a gun at his knees. 
 
 Costume red and grey tricorn hat. Cannon on 
 the left. Foliage background. 
 
 Group representing two of his ancestors, Claud 
 and Boyd Alexander, with their Hindoo servant 
 and a dog, painted in India, circa 1768, all 
 three figures life-size. 
 
 The taller man is Claud Alexander, and is 
 dressed in brown. He is reading a letter, sup- 
 posed to be from his wife, telling him of the 
 purchase of the estate of Ballochmyle. This 
 paper is dated. 
 
 The other brother is in a green coat. At the 
 time when the picture was painted, Claud 
 Alexander had a rather important appointment 
 in India. P. 
 
 Portrait of Richard Pocock, African traveller, 
 afterwards Bishop of Ossory and then of Meath 
 (1704-1765). He is represented full-length, 
 standing figure, in brown caftan and blue under- 
 garment, leaning against a Turkish tomb, 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 J 73 
 
 holding a book in one hand, and resting the 
 other on his belt. In the distance can be seen 
 a view of Constantinople with many turrets, 
 an island, some water and several caiques 
 
 79i x 52b 
 
 R.A., 1856 (51). 
 
 N.B . — -The picture very much resembles the 
 work of Liotard. 
 
 Antrobus, Sir Portrait of Boswell. 28b x 35, inside measure- 
 
 Cosmo G., Bart. ment. 
 
 Amesbury Abbey , Represented wearing a chocolate-coloured coat, 
 Salisbury. and yellow waistcoat with gold braid. His 
 
 hands are together, resting upon a book, and 
 between them he appears to be holding a 
 snuff-box. P. 
 
 Asch, William, Esq. Family group of a lady, gentleman, and five 
 South Street , children (three girls and two boys), with a 
 
 South Audley St., favourite black servant. The lady wears a 
 
 London. green and gold silk dress, which is exceedingly 
 
 well painted. The two boys are in red. 
 40 x 50. P. 
 
 Bought at Christie’s, November 1903 (£420), 
 and sold to its present owner by Mr. Martin 
 Colnaghi (see pp. 107 and 154). 
 
 Aslett, Mrs. Alfred. Portrait of Dr. Rimbault, musician, said to be 
 Stanyon Lodge , the first portrait Zoffany painted in England. 
 
 Ulverston, At one time it belonged to Dr. E. F. Rimbault, 
 
 Lancashire . godfather to E. Rimbault Dibdin, of the Walker 
 
 Art Gallery, Liverpool, and now to his daughter. 
 
 Half-length representing the musician in a brown 
 coat, richly adorned with yellow lace, wearing 
 a wig, and having a piece of music in his hand. 
 P. 
 
 Asquith, Mrs. 
 
 20, Cavendish 
 Square. 
 
 Picture representing some masqueraders, two 
 ladies in fancy costume, one in yellow and one 
 in blue, and a man wearing a mask and the 
 dress of a harlequin. He is holding a bottle of 
 wine and a glass. In the background can be 
 
T 74 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 seen a coach with horses, and some farm build- 
 ings. Bought from Agnew. 
 
 It is probably a scene from a play. 
 
 N.B . — Mrs. Asquith also possessed one other 
 Zoffany, which was destroyed some years ago 
 in a fire. It represented an old man and a 
 middle-aged woman in a garden. 
 
 Atholl, The Duke of. Family group representing John, third Duke of 
 Blair Castle , Atholl, with Charlotte his wife, and the seven 
 
 Blair Atholl. elder children (four boys and three girls), on 
 
 the banks of the Tay at Dunkeld. 63 x 36. 
 Dated 1767. 
 
 Painted in 1767 to fit over the carved mantelpiece 
 at Blair Castle, where it still is. P. 
 
 Also the receipt for the payment for the 
 picture. P. 
 
 Austin, Miss. This lady owns a water-colour copy (from which, 
 
 8, Edward Street, by her permission, our illustration is taken) 
 Bath. of a painting by Zoffany of the Rosoman family 
 
 on their estate near Richmond. The original 
 was at one time at Laleham but since the death 
 of its owner has been lost sight of. The group 
 depicts a fishing-party, and the little girl 
 under the tree was Miss Austin’s grandmother. 
 The original was once exhibited during the 
 early part of Queen Victoria’s reign in some 
 provincial exhibition and was then styled “ A 
 Smug Citizen.” The water-colour drawing 
 is declared to be a very faithful copy of it. 
 When Miss Austin, on Dec. 20, 1918, gave the 
 information detailed above, she had reached 
 the advanced age of ninety-three. 
 
 Bagshaw, Henry Portrait representing a lady drawing the shadow 
 Bradshawe Isher- of a soldier on a white wall, while at the back 
 
 wood, Esq. of them is the figure of Cupid, perched on a 
 
 Oakes-in-Norton , pedestal, holding a candle. The lady is in a 
 Derbyshire . blue tunic and a yellow cloak. 
 
 The picture, which is said to represent an incident 
 in a play, was purchased in Bath ninety years 
 ago by Sir William Bagshaw. 
 
WATER COLOUR COPY OF AN IMPORTANT] PICTURE BY ZOFFANY, REPRESENTING THE ROSOMAN FAMILY, UNDER THE TITLE OF 
 
 “A SMUG CITIZEN” 
 
 The original cannot be traced. The copy, made some years ago, is in Bath. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Baker, G. E. Lloyd, 
 Esq. 
 
 Hardwick Court , 
 Gloucester. 
 
 175 
 
 The Sharp family on a yacht on the Thames at 
 Fulham. The figures are as follows — 
 
 (1) Dr. John Sharp (1693-1758), the eldest 
 brother, Prebendary of Durham, Archdeacon 
 of Northumberland. He is in the right corner. 
 
 (2) His wife Mary, daughter of Dr. Dering, Dean 
 of Ripon. She is behind her husband. 
 
 (3) Anna Jemima, their only child, in green and 
 pink. She is on the right at the top. 
 
 (4) William Sharp, who is steering, and for whom 
 the picture was painted, surgeon. 
 
 He declined a baronetcy offered him by George 
 III for successful attendance on Princess 
 Amelia. He is at the top of the picture, wears 
 the Windsor uniform, and is waving his hat. 
 
 (5) His wife Catharine, daughter of Thomas 
 Berwick, Esq. She is in a blue riding-habit, 
 and is just below her husband. 
 
 (6) Mary, their only child, carrying a kitten on 
 her lap. She married the owner’s grandfather, 
 T. J. Lloyd Baker, and was the only person 
 in the family to leave descendants. 
 
 (7) James Sharp, a skilful engineer, represented 
 holding a musical instrument called a serpent. 
 
 (8) His wife Catharine, daughter of John Lodge. 
 She is wearing a lilac costume, and a black 
 lace shawl, and is seated by Mrs. William 
 Sharp. 
 
 (9) Catharine, their only surviving child, in 
 white muslin, with pink sash, and black feather 
 headdress. 
 
 (10) Elizabeth, Mrs. Prowse, the widow of George 
 Prowse, Esq., of Wichen Park, Northampton, 
 and Berkeley. She is seated at the harpsichord. 
 Her estate after her decease went to her hus- 
 band’s nephew, Sir Charles Mordaunt, and his 
 descendant sold Berkeley to Lord Bath and 
 Wichen to Lord Penrhyn. 
 
 ( 1 1 ) Judith Sharp, sister of Mrs. Prowse, repre- 
 sented seated next to Jemima her sister, wear- 
 ing a brown riding-habit and holding a lute. 
 
 (12) Frances Sharp, her youngest sister, repre- 
 
176 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 sented in blue moire , and holding a piece of 
 music. 
 
 (13) Granville Sharp the philanthropist, repre- 
 sented handing a piece of music to Mrs. Prowse, 
 and close by him is a double flageolet. 
 
 There are also depicted in the picture the boat- 
 master, the cabin-boy, and Zoffany's favourite 
 dog, Roma, while other instruments represented 
 in the group are the oboe and the theorbo. 
 
 The church is that of Fulham, and on the right 
 can be seen the cottage with balconies belonging 
 to William Sharp, but usually inhabited by 
 Granville. It communicated by an under- 
 ground passage with Fulham House, where 
 William Sharp lived. George III and Queen 
 Charlotte on many occasions went to drink 
 tea with the Sharp family on their yacht in 
 order to listen to their singing and playing. 
 The cabin-boy was still living in the recollection 
 of the owner of the picture in 1848, and remem- 
 bered the work being done. The picture cost the 
 family eight hundred guineas. It was exhibited 
 at the Royal Academy in 1781, and again in 1879, 
 No. 27, and was at the Whitechapel Exhibition 
 in 1906, No. 148. P. 
 
 Portrait of the owner’s grandmother, eventually 
 the heiress of the Sharp family. 
 
 N.B . — Archdeacon Sharp was almoner to Queen 
 Anne. 
 
 Mrs. Battine of St. Hilary, Bexhill, did a copy of 
 this picture. 
 
 Baker, Sir George Portrait of John Wilkes, M.P., and his daughter, 
 Sherston, Bart. small figures, full-length. Wilkes is seated, 
 Lincoln. holding his daughter’s hand, and she is standing 
 
 at his right. Wilkes is in a dark blue coat 
 with scarlet revers , yellow vest and breeches. 
 Miss Wilkes is in a pink dress over a bluey 
 green underskirt. There is a dog represented 
 at the foot of the canvas. Canvas 50 x 39T 
 Exhibited South Kensington Museum. Exhibi- 
 tion of National Portraits, 1867, (654). P. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 1 77 
 
 N.B . — This is the picture about which Horace 
 Walpole in writing to the Countess of Upper 
 Ossory on November 14, 1779, stated as follows : 
 “ There, too, you will see a delightful piece of 
 Wilkes looking — no, squinting — tenderly at 
 his daughter. It is a caricature of the Devil 
 acknowledging Miss Sin in Milton. I do not 
 know why, but they are under a palm-tree, 
 which has not grown in a free country for some 
 centuries.” 
 
 See Toynbee edition, Vol XI. p. 53. 
 
 Bankes, Mrs. Picture believed to represent a Mr. Bankes with 
 
 Kingston Lacy , his wife and family, and to have been painted 
 
 Wimborne. at Kingston Lacy. 
 
 Baroda, H.H. The Group painted in 1768, representing Garrick and 
 Maharajah Gaek- Mrs. Pritchard in Macbeth , a performance 
 war, G.C.S.I. given for Mrs. Pritchard’s benefit (she died a 
 
 few months later). There were two paintings 
 made by Zoffany of this subject, one for 
 Garrick and one for Mrs. Pritchard. One 
 is in the Garrick Club ( see p. 140), the other 
 is this one, and from it the mezzotint was 
 scraped. In the Garrick Club painting Lady 
 Macbeth is in white and the hand holding the 
 dagger is held down. In the Baroda one the 
 dress is black and the hand held up {see the 
 print). This picture was at one time in the 
 possession of the Rt. Plon. Walter Long, and 
 was exhibited as follows — 
 
 B.I., 1859. 
 
 Grafton Gallery, 1897. 
 
 Whitechapel Gallery, 1910. 
 
 Baskerville, Colonel. Picture representing the Porter and the Hare. 
 Crowsley Park, Similar to that in the engraving by Earlom. 
 
 Henley-on-Thames. Declared to be either the original by Zoffany 
 or a contemporary copy. ( Vide Ehrich Gallery.) 
 
 Beachcroft, Miss S. J. Oval pastel and pencil drawing of Zoffany, with 
 11, Prince's Square, his signature, executed by himself, and has 
 Bayswater. never left the possession of the family. P. 
 
 N 
 
178 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Miniature representing Zoffany in fancy costume. 
 This has been split by accident. The family 
 have attributed it to the pencil of Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds, but there is no special claim that 
 the President ever painted it. It is the work 
 of an artist of the eighteenth century, and 
 somewhat resembles the handling of Luke 
 Sullivan, but it might have been painted by 
 Zoffany himself. P. 
 
 Beachcroft, Miss Miniature painted by Zoffany of himself, repre- 
 
 Ellen. senting him after his return from his shipwreck. 
 
 11 , Prince's Square, He stated at the time of the shipwreck, lots 
 Bayswater. were cast respecting one man, who was to be 
 
 selected for food for the rest, and eventually 
 one sailor was actually killed, and it is said 
 that some of the others in the boat had to eat 
 his flesh to keep themselves alive. Zoffany 
 appears to have borne the marks of the terrible 
 time he went through in this shipwreck for 
 several years. The family state that the minia- 
 ture was painted immediately upon his return, 
 for his wife. P. 
 
 Bell, Mrs. Horace. A group representing three children. We have 
 12, St. Leonard's not seen this painting. 
 
 Road , 
 
 Ealing. 
 
 Berlin. Group representing a lady and gentleman. Small 
 
 Kaiserliche Gallery, full-lengths in a landscape. The lady is in a 
 
 blue and white striped dress, with wide lace 
 sleeves, and is seated ; the gentleman stands 
 beside her with his legs crossed. He is in a 
 rusty brown coat, waistcoat and breeches, his 
 hat and stick are in his left hand, his right rests 
 on the back of the seat. Canvas, 27 x 35 - 
 The picture was purchased by Mr. Martin 
 Colnaghi in May, 1895, sold by him to Mr. 
 Humphry Ward, and by the latter sold to the 
 Berlin Museum. 
 
 It was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1908. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 T 79 
 
 Be van, Mr. 
 
 Bevan, Miss. 
 
 33, Burton Court , 
 Chelsea. 
 
 Bischoffscheim, Mrs. 
 
 Blackiston, Rev. Dr. 
 Trinity College , 
 Oxford. 
 
 Portrait of Dr. Thomas Hanson of Canterbury, 
 a well-known philanthropist. Sold to the 
 Gallery by his son, John Hanson Walker of 
 Chelsea. 
 
 This picture has been engraved. See under 
 Fleischmann picture. 
 
 A life-sized portrait of Mrs. Bevan’s grandfather, 
 John Lumsden of Cushine, Aberdeenshire. 
 He was a Director of the East India Company, 
 and the picture was painted in India. He is 
 represented as seated on a red-stuffed chair, 
 and holds his left hand up to his chin. His 
 face is clean shaven, his hair long and powdered. 
 He wears a brown coat, blue and yellow striped 
 waistcoat, and white cravat. 
 
 Small full-length portrait of a man in green, 
 evidently in a Quaker’s costume, holding a long 
 walking-stick in one hand, and a black hat in the 
 other. In the distance is a landscape and a 
 large tree. 
 
 The portrait is said to represent a Mr. Russell, or 
 a Mr. Bevan. 29 x 24T 
 
 Small full-length portrait of Garrick, evidently 
 impersonating a character in a play. He is 
 dressed in a buff-coloured coat and breeches, 
 with a red waistcoat and white stock. He 
 wears a three-cornered black hat, and holds 
 his left hand up to it, apparently saluting. On 
 the left of the figure is a large garden-seat, in 
 the Chinese Chippendale style. In the back- 
 ground are trees. 
 
 Purchased at Christie’s a few years ago. Ex- 
 hibited at the Shakespeare Exhibition at White- 
 chapel 1910, No. 12. 
 
 Group representing William Dent, Hon. East 
 India Company’s Service and his brother, John 
 Dent, Captain, Hon. East India Company’s 
 Service with a native orderly, a bailiff and a 
 labourer. 84 x 60. 
 
i8o 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Companion picture representing Mrs. William 
 Dent (Louisa, second daughter of Sir C. W. 
 Blunt, third Bart.), and her two elder children, 
 Sophia Louisa Dent (grandmother to the owner), 
 and Charles William Dent. 48 x 48. 
 
 They were both painted in India with Indian 
 landscape background, horses and cattle, in 
 about 1790 or 1791. 
 
 The portrait of William Dent represents him 
 in a plum-coloured coat with yellow breeches. 
 He is pointing to an Indian servant who is 
 digging, and appears to be showing his pro- 
 perty to his brother, who is in red and white 
 uniform. Behind him stands another Indian 
 attendant holding a shield, and at the extreme 
 left of the group is the estate bailiff in white 
 muslin. In the background is represented 
 Mr. Dent’s residence in India. 
 
 The group of Mrs. Dent and the two children 
 represents them seated under a large tree. 
 She is in white with a cloak of sea-green colour 
 edged with orange. In the background is a 
 lake and a view of the house. 
 
 Blunt, Capt. C.D.M. 
 Adderbnry Manor , 
 Banbury, 
 and 
 
 Blunt, Miss J. LI. 
 
 Portrait group representing Suetonius Grant 
 Heatly (elder brother of Patrick Heatly), with 
 his sister Temperance, afterwards the wife of 
 Captain William Green, R.N. Both are seated 
 in an apartment with an Indian pipe-bearer 
 standing behind, and either a head-servant 
 (native major-domo) or an important visiting 
 servant, standing, bending in front of them, 
 and holding a long and elaborate staff in his 
 hand. The lady is in white, and holds a book, 
 the man holds the mouthpiece of his hubble- 
 bubble. 40 x 45. 
 
 Suetonius Grant Heatly was the eldest son of 
 Andrew Heatly, of Newport, Rhode Island, 
 America, and of his wife Mary, daughter of 
 Suetonius Grant and Temperance Talmage. 
 
 Suetonius Heatly was born 1751, and died in 
 Bengal in 1793. He was Magistrate of the 
 
Boothby, Miss. 
 
 15, Carlyle Square , 
 Chelsea. 
 
 APPENDIX 181 
 
 Province of Dana : and a judge in the East 
 India Company’s Service. He died unmarried. 
 
 His sister Temperance (Mrs. William Green), 
 and her husband, afterwards settled at Utica, 
 N.J. in the United States, where they still 
 have many descendants. 
 
 (Her sister Mary Heatly, who married Captain 
 James Tod, was the mother of Colonel James 
 Tod, the Historian of Rajasthan, and great- 
 grandmother of the present owners of these 
 pictures.) 
 
 The Heatlys were all Loyalists in the War of 
 Independence. They left the country, but 
 Captain and Mrs. Green went back to America 
 (U.S.A.), after the War. 40 x 45. 
 
 The picture was sold to its owner by Agnews. P. 
 
 A portrait representing Patrick Heatly, second 
 son of Andrew Heatly of Newport, Rhode 
 Island, America, merchant, and of Mary 
 his wife. He is seated in a landscape, on rocks 
 (a building up behind), with an Irish red setter 
 dog. He wears a green coat, with yellow 
 breeches, white vest and hose. He is shading 
 his eyes with his beaver hat. He is supposed 
 to be looking out to sea, watching the ship 
 which takes his sister Temperance (of whom 
 he was very fond) away from India to America, 
 with her husband, Captain W. Green. P. 
 
 Patrick Heatly was in the East India Company’s 
 Service, and after he settled in England was of 
 the East India Company’s secret Council. He 
 was born in 1753 (in America), and died in 1834 
 (in England). He lived in Hertford Street, 
 Mayfair (36 or 39 I believe — J.H. B.). He 
 married Miss Anne Carey, but they had no 
 children. 37! x 31^. 
 
 Large group of seven figures in the open air. 
 The Duke of York is in the centre seated. 
 On his right stand Harry St. John with Sir 
 William Boothby and two greyhounds. On 
 his left is Lord Palmerston. In front of him 
 
182 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 is Murray, and to the left of these two Lord 
 Lucan and Topham Beauclerk. P. 
 
 N.B. — There is said to be a replica of this picture 
 at Windsor Castle in a corridor. 
 
 Boothby, Seymour, Portrait of Sir William Boothby the General 
 Esq. on horseback. P. 
 
 Bradney, Col., C.B. 
 Oueen Victoria Rifles, 
 Fovant , 
 
 Salisbury. 
 
 Brentford. 
 
 St. George's Church. 
 
 Bridewell PIospital. 
 New Bridge Street , 
 Blackfriars, E.C. 
 
 Bridgeman, William 
 C. Esq., M.P. 
 i 3 , Mansfield 
 Street, 
 Portland 
 Place. 
 
 Portrait group representing Sir John Hopkins, 
 great-grandfather of the owner, Lady Hopkins, 
 his wife, two sons, William, born 1751, and 
 Charles, born 1761, and three daughters, Mary 
 Anne, born 1753, Elizabeth 1755, Amelia 1757 
 (one of the three becoming Mrs. Bradney, the 
 owner’s grandmother) with Dr. Boutflower. 
 
 The group is represented in a room having 
 a large window. There is a round table on 
 which is a tea equipage. One lady is playing 
 on a harpsichord and another turning over 
 the music. This latter is Elizabeth, afterwards 
 Mrs. Bradney. 
 
 The picture is at Talycoed Court, Monmouth, and 
 is believed to have been the group exhibited 
 in the Royal Academy in 1769. The ages 
 of the children agree almost exactly with 
 the apparent ages of the children in the picture. 
 41 x 33. P. 
 
 A painting of the Last Supper, included in which 
 are portraits of the artist and his wife. P. 
 
 Full-length portrait of Sir Richard Glyn (1769), 
 President of the Hospital. 
 
 A group of persons in a room. Colonel Polier, 
 a Swiss, who was afterwards murdered by his 
 native servant, is represented ordering some 
 fruit from two native attendants. Colonel 
 Martin, a Frenchman, from whom a house 
 called Martiniere took its name, is explaining 
 the drawings and plans of this house, which he 
 was about to build on the river-bank, near to 
 Lucknow, to Major Wombwell, who is sitting 
 near to him. The plans are held by a native. 
 
Coll. 
 
 of the Marquis of Bristol 
 
 GENERAL HON. WILLIAM HERVEY, 4 th SON OF JOHN 
 He died 15 January, 1S15 
 
 LORD HERVEY. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 183 
 
 Brighton, Corpora- 
 tion of. 
 
 Bristol, The 
 Marquis of. 
 Ickzcorth, 
 
 Bury St. 
 Edmunds. 
 
 Zoffany is also represented seated before an 
 easel, and on the wall are several other pictures, 
 also the work of the artist. 
 
 The picture, which is a very large one, is said to 
 be dated 1788. P. 
 
 Portrait of Dr. Richard Russell. Green coat, 
 reading a book. 49 x 39. P. 
 
 Whitechapel Exhibition, 1910 (321). 
 
 Lady Mary Fitzgerald (1726-1815) seated. Cos- 
 tume, puce-coloured dress, white satin cloak 
 over the shoulders, and white wool scarf round 
 the neck with a band of violet ribbon round the 
 throat. On the right wrist is a bracelet with 
 a miniature. P. 
 
 This was Mary, daughter of John, Lord Hervey, 
 by his wife Mary, daughter of John Nicholas 
 Lepel, wife of George Fitzgerald of Turlough 
 Park, Mayo. She was burnt to death at the 
 age of eighty-nine. (33.) 
 
 Lady Caroline Hervey \ob. 1819 at the age of 
 eighty-three). Seated figure in pink costume, 
 with black lace over-bodice, white lace sleeves. 
 She wears a miniature on the right wrist, 
 which may, perhaps, represent Lady Mulgrave, 
 and a glove on the left hand. P. 
 
 This was Caroline, fourth daughter of John, 
 Lord Llervey, by his wife Mary Lepel. (49.) 
 
 Lady Emily Hervey. Full-face figure, leaning 
 over a balustrade, blue costume, black lace over 
 the powdered hair, the hands in a muff. P. 
 
 This was Lady Emily Caroline Nassau, daughter 
 of John, Lord Hervey, by his wife Mary Lepel. 
 She died unmarried in 1814 at the age of 
 eighty-three. (57.) 
 
 General the Hon. William Hervey (1732-1815). 
 Figure in uniform, with the right hand on the 
 hip, and the left pointing downwards. Oval. 
 P. 
 
 This was William, fourth son of John, Lord 
 Hervey, by his wife Mary Lepel. (114.) 
 
 Group representing Lord and Lady Mulgrave, 
 
184 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Lady Hervey, Augustus, third Earl of Bristol, 
 Mr. George and Lady Mary Fitzgerald. 
 
 Lord Mulgrave is in a blue coat, Lady Mary 
 Fitzgerald in a blue dress, Lady Mulgrave in 
 a white dress with pink apron, Mr. George 
 Fitzgerald in a puce coat, Lord Bristol in naval 
 uniform, and Lady Hervey in a pink dress. 
 The group represents Captain John Augustus 
 Hervey taking leave on his appointment to the 
 command of a ship. 39! x 49. P. 
 
 R.A., 1891 (97). 
 
 Lepel, Lady Mulgrave. Seated figure in blue 
 costume, with lace over the shoulders, and a 
 lace cap on the head. The right hand holds the 
 end of the lace fichu, the left a blue bag which 
 rests on the lap. P. 
 
 This was Lepel, daughter of John, Lord Hervey, 
 and Mary Lepel. She married in 1743 Con- 
 stantine Phipps, first Lord Mulgrave, and 
 died in 1789. 
 
 A lady, name unknown. Seated figure, in puce- 
 coloured dress, trimmed with fur, and having 
 a fur muff. Painted about 1760, and attributed 
 by some critics to Zoffany. 
 
 Frederick Augustus Hervey, fourth Earl of Bristol, 
 Bishop of Cloyne and Derry. Seated figure, in 
 black gown with white bands, the right hand has 
 the fourth finger upwards. There is a ring on 
 the little finger, the left hand holds a book open 
 at the title-page with an engraving. Oval. P. 
 George William Hervey, second Earl of Bristol. 
 Figure standing in peer’s robes holding a coronet 
 in the left hand beside a table. On the chair 
 near by rests the Privy Seal Bag. 
 
 This picture has been engraved in mezzotint by 
 Watson. 
 
 Richard Savage Lloyd and Miss Cecil Lloyd 
 of Hintlesham Flail, Suffolk. Miss Lloyd 
 is seated on a white garden-seat and Richard 
 Savage Lloyd standing by, amid park-like 
 scenery. 30 x 24. 
 
 Broke, Edward, Esq. 
 Ufford, 
 
 Woodbndge, 
 
 Suffolk. 
 
Lady Mary Fitzgerald 
 
 Coll, of the Marquis of Bristol 
 
 LADY MARY FITZGERALD, DAUGHTER OF JOHN, LORD HERVEY, AND WIFE 
 OF GEORGE FITZGERALD, OF TURLOUGH PARK, MAYO 
 She was burned to death 9 April, 1815, aged 89 
 


 
APPENDIX 
 
 Browne, Rev. C. C. 
 Murray. 
 Hucclecote 
 Vicarage , 
 Gloucester. 
 
 Buccleuch, The 
 Duke of. 
 
 2, Grosvenor Place , 
 London. 
 
 Buckinghamshire, 
 The Earl of. 
 Camperdown 
 House , 
 Dundee. 
 
 Bulwer, The Family 
 
 OF THE LATE SlR 
 
 Henry. 
 
 185 
 
 Portrait of Jonathan, the old gardener at Clare 
 Hall, to Mrs. Prowse of Wichen Park, North- 
 amptonshire. The lady was the sister of 
 Granville Sharp, and is also represented in Mr. 
 Lloyd Baker’s picture. She was the great- 
 grand-aunt to the wife of the owner. The 
 portrait of the old gardener is said to have been 
 painted on the door of a travelling chaise, while 
 Zoffany was waiting to have the opportunity 
 of painting the portrait of his mistress. 
 
 Group representing two persons. Supposed to 
 be Sheridan and Mrs. Robinson (Perdita). The 
 man is in a brown coat, green breeches, white 
 stockings, black shoes, and has a black hat. 
 The lady is in a pink under-dress, with a white 
 muslin skirt over it. She is on a low seat near 
 the ground, and is listening to him ; he is upon 
 a higher seat, or upon a stile, near to a tree, 
 and apparently is either reading or reciting 
 from a book in his hand. P. 
 
 Bought in 1868 at Christie’s from the C. K. 
 Sharpe Collection. Exhibited in 1867 as a 
 Romney. 49 x 39. 
 
 Sir William and Lady Mary Duncan. Lady to 
 the left in white, seated in red chair. Man 
 standing to the right in white wig, black coat 
 and breeches and white stockings, red drapery 
 over table in centre between figures, and falling 
 over globe on stand. Pilasters in centre with 
 looped-up curtains and books below. View of 
 trees and park to the left. Small size. Not seen. 
 
 Group representing Dibdin, his second wife 
 and his daughter. He is seated at a spinet, 
 and has, apparently, been transcribing a song 
 with music, as he has a pen and paper in his 
 hand. He is turning round to greet his wife, 
 who is entering the room, perhaps with the 
 idea of asking him to come out for a walk, 
 because she holds his hat in her hand. With 
 her is her daughter. P. 
 
1 86 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 In the catalogue of the Whitechapel Gallery, 
 item 93, appears a note respecting this picture, 
 to the effect that Dibdin, according to an old 
 playbill of the Beggar's Opera , May 16, 1767, 
 accompanied Miss Buckley upon a new instru- 
 ment, perhaps the spinet. 
 
 Bute, The Marquis of. He is believed to have a portrait of the children 
 
 of the Prime Minister, Lord Bute. 
 
 Calcutta. Portrait of Governor J. Z. Holwell, Governor 
 
 Government House. of Fort William in Bengal, 1760. Lent at one 
 
 time to the Victoria Ademorial Hall. 
 
 N.B. — There is said to be another picture of the 
 same Governor at Delhi, possibly by Zoffany. 
 Probably neither are by Zoffany, see p. 99. 
 
 Calcutta. 
 
 Judges' Library. 
 
 Calcutta. 
 
 St. John's Church. 
 
 Portrait of Sir Elijah Impey, represented standing. 
 The picture is inscribed “ Zoffany 1782 ” but 
 is believed to have been painted in 1783. 
 Perhaps not by Zoffany, see p. 99. 
 
 Painting of the Last Supper, see various details 
 separately given. P. 
 
 Calley, Brigadier- Portrait of Mr. Chase, the well-known raconteur. 
 General John. 
 
 Burderop Park , 
 
 Swindon. 
 
 Carlisle, The Earl of. Garrick as Abel Drugger with Burton and 
 Castle Hozcard, Palmer in the Alchemist , Act II. scene vi. 
 
 York. 41^ x 39. 
 
 R.A., 1770. 
 
 R.I., 1814 (80); 1840 (81). 
 
 Whitechapel, 1906 (125); 1910 (32). 
 
 Grafton, 1897 (97). 
 
 Guelph, 1891 (361). 
 
 Foote as Major Sturgeon in Mayor of Garrett. 
 
 39! x 5°- 
 
 R.A., 1764. 
 
 R.I., 1814 (99); 1840 (80). 
 
 Grafton, 1897 (76). 
 
 Whitechapel, 1910. 
 
 Bought of Michael Bryan. 
 
APPENDIX 187 
 
 Foote and Weston in Devil Upon Two Sticks, 
 Act III, Scene ii. 40 x 50. 
 
 R.A., 1769. 
 
 R.I., 1814 (94); 1840 (82). 
 
 Whitechapel, 1910 (10). 
 
 Grafton, 1897 (79). 
 
 Guelph, 1891 (317). 
 
 Bought of Michael Bryan. 
 
 Cartwright, Mrs. Water-colour group representing John Wombwell 
 
 1, Camp den Hill and a friend in India (attributed to Zoffany). 
 Terrace, Whitechapel, 1908 (165). 
 
 Kensington, IF. Also a portrait of a Persian lady who lived with 
 John Wombwell and whose daughter married a 
 Mr. Cartwright. 
 
 Charteris, Hon. Evan. Portrait of Thomas King as Lord Ogleby. 
 9677, Mount Street, Small full-length standing in a landscape, pink 
 Berkeley Square. costume, richly laced waistcoat, three-cornered 
 hat under his arm, white wig. Canvas 14 x 11 
 
 P. 
 
 R.A., 1908. 
 
 Portrait of a man in a red costume, with a long 
 deep greenish-coloured waistcoat, white stock- 
 ings, and black shoes, standing near to some 
 trees in a landscape. This part of the picture 
 is evidently the work of Wilson. P. 
 
 Clarke, Colonel 
 Stephenson. 
 Bordehill, 
 Cuckfield. 
 
 Portrait of Mr. John Clarke, of the Rookery, 
 Lower Tooting, painted between 1780 and 
 1 795 - W T e have not seen this portrait. 
 
 Cockburn, Mrs. or Portrait group representing the grandfather and 
 Miss. grandmother and mother of the owner’s mother, 
 
 29, Crajton Road, all members of the family of Jewell. We have 
 Acton. not seen this painting. 
 
 Portrait of William Eden, first Lord Auckland. 
 Small full-length seated in his studio. It 
 originally belonged to his daughter, the Hon. 
 Mrs. Colvile. 
 
 Colvile, Lady. 
 
1 88 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Congreve, Lieut. - 
 General, V.C. 
 13 th Corps , 
 yd Army. 
 
 Coote, Eyre. 
 
 West Park , 
 Damerham, 
 Salisbury. 
 
 Coote, Sir Algernon. 
 Bally fin, 
 
 Queen's Co., 
 Ireland. 
 
 Craddock & 
 
 Barnett (Messrs.) 
 10, Dudley Road, 
 Tunbridge 
 Wells. 
 
 Crawford, The 
 Earl of. 
 Heigh Hall, 
 Wigan. 
 
 Portrait of Sir William Congreve, F.R.S., Bart. 
 1772-1828. 
 
 Inventor of the life-saving rocket, being shown 
 round the ramparts of Woolwich by his father, 
 Lieut.-Colonel Sir William Congreve, Bart., 
 who was then in command. 
 
 Portrait of Sir Eyre Coote. 
 
 Portrait of Sir Eyre Coote. 
 
 Small portrait of James Boswell, in a wig, wearing 
 a light grey coat, showing the head and upper 
 part of figure only, possibly cut from a much 
 larger picture. 
 
 On the back of the panel on which the canvas is 
 mounted is written in old ink “ J. Boswell, by 
 Zoffany.” A similar inscription is written in 
 pencil with the initials “ W. J. A.” which refer 
 to Sir William James Alexander. On the 
 frame is written “ Fisher, Leadenhall Street.” 
 P. 
 
 Sir W. J. Alexander is stated to have formed his 
 collection about 1850, and on his death he left 
 a portion of it to his niece, Mrs. Leicester Hib- 
 bert, who resided in Tunbridge Wells, and the 
 picture was purchased in the sale of her goods 
 after her death. There appears to have been a 
 family connection between the Alexanders 
 and the famous collector George Hibbert. 
 
 Standing portrait representing Henry Duncombe, 
 uncle to the first Lord Feversham, a personal 
 friend of John, first Lord Muncaster, great- 
 grandfather to the present owner, and from 
 whom the picture descended. 
 
 Costume, light buff-coloured coat, breeches, hat 
 and stock black. The figure is represented 
 standing in a brown olive-toned landscape, a 
 
Crosse, Mrs. Warren. 
 Creswell Gardens , 
 South Kensington 
 
 Cunliffe, Mr. A. P. 
 
 9, Arlington Street , 
 S.W. 
 
 Curzon, The Earl. 
 
 1 , Carlton House 
 Terrace , W. 
 
 (For the Calcutta 
 Memorial Build- 
 ing-) 
 
 Daniell, Mr. 
 
 James W. 
 
 7, Royal Crescent, 
 Bath. 
 
 Dashwood, Mrs. 
 
 Wilton House, 
 Shenley, 
 
 Herts. 
 
 APPENDIX 189 
 
 few inconspicuous red poppies being the fore- 
 ground. 38! x 29. 
 
 Exhibited at the Birmingham Exhibition, July 
 1900 (81); New Gallery 1898 ( 1 5 1 ). 
 
 N.B. — The family tradition states that Mr. Dun- 
 combe is leaning against Lord Muncaster’s 
 tomb. There is certainly a large block of 
 stone of a monumental character near to the 
 figure, but there is no inscription or other evi- 
 dence to show that it is a tomb. P. 
 
 Half-length portrait of Mr. Charles Dumergue, 
 one of Zoffany’s executors, wearing a scarlet 
 
 . coat, and having powdered hair. 
 
 Portrait of three children in a group, names un- 
 known, blowing bubbles. The boy in the 
 middle is in scarlet with a large white muslin 
 collar, the other two children are in white 
 with pink sashes. Engraved in colours by 
 Martindale. Bought from Messrs. Tooth. 
 
 Group representing Warren Hastings and his 
 wife and her ayah bequeathed by Miss Winter 
 to whom it had passed from Mrs. Warren 
 Hastings. The man is in white with a purple 
 coat and holds his hat in his hand. The lady 
 is in a yellow costume and wears also a double 
 row of pearls. The ayah stands behind her 
 under a tree. In the distance is their house 
 and a bodyguard of troops with elephants. 
 
 Superb representation of Love in a Village, 
 Shuter, Beard and Dunstall. It belonged to 
 Beard, and came to its present owner through 
 nieces, direct from its original possessor. 
 
 Very large group representing different members 
 of the Auriol Family. In the centre of the 
 group are two ladies, Charlotte, afterwards 
 Mrs. Thomas Dashwood, in green, and Sophia, 
 afterwards Mrs. John Prinsep, in gold satin, 
 represented seated at a round table drinking 
 tea, while behind are two native servants, 
 who appear to be pouring out the tea and hand- 
 ing it. There are tea-cups and saucers on 
 
190 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 the table, and two silver ornaments. Near by 
 is Thomas Dashwood, second son of Sir James, 
 of Kirklington, Oxford, in purple coat, white 
 vest, black breeches and shoes and white 
 stockings, seated at another table playing 
 chess, and on the opposite side of the table 
 is his companion James Auriol, wearing a green 
 coat, white vest and breeches, green stockings 
 and black shoes, standing receiving a letter 
 from a native servant. Another native servant 
 stands close by. 
 
 At the opposite side of the picture are three men, 
 two standing and one seated, and behind one 
 of them is a native servant in pink costume, 
 holding a pipe. The standing figures are 
 Charles Auriol, in red uniform with white 
 facings, white vest and breeches and black boots, 
 and John Auriol in purple coat and white vest, 
 black breeches, white stockings and black shoes. 
 The seated figure is John Prinsep, the other 
 son-in-law, and he wears a brown coat. P. 
 There is a copy of this picture belonging to Mrs. 
 Praed at 108, Gloucester Place, Portman Square. 
 Davies, General H. F. Portrait of Warren Hastings. 28 X22. 
 
 R.A., 1879 ( I2 )- 
 Whitechapel, 1906 (238). 
 
 Davies, W. J. Portrait of Zoffany by himself. Standing figure 
 
 The Friars' 1 House , in sage-green coat, waistcoat and breeches, 
 Hereford. white neck cravat and white stockings and 
 
 black shoes. He is leaning upon a maul- 
 stick, and in the other hand carries a palette 
 set with colours and a sheaf of brushes. Back- 
 ground brown. Canvas 40 x 18. P. 
 
 Perhaps the one at the R.A. in 1771. 
 
 De Castro, J. Paul, Esq. Portrait of Daniel De Castro, East India Mer- 
 1, Essex Court , chant, married August 6, 1766. 
 
 Temple , E.C. Portrait of Sarah Judith De Castro, wife and 
 
 niece of above, oh. 1824. 
 
 Desart, The Earl of. Large portrait of Colonel the Hon. William 
 Desart Court , Cuffe, M.P. for Kilkenny, represented standing. 
 
 Kilkenny , N.B. — It hangs in the entrance hall, see Georgian 
 
 Ireland. Mansions in Ireland. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Desborough, Lady. 
 Panshanger, 
 Hertford. 
 
 191 
 
 George, third Earl Cowper, Countess Cowper, 
 Mr. and Mrs. Gore and the two Miss Gores. 
 
 Lord Cowper is standing in a green coat, pink 
 waistcoat and breeches; Lady Cowper is in 
 a pink dress ; her father, Mr. Gore, is playing 
 the violincello; Mrs. Gore in a grey gown! 
 Miss Emily Gore, in blue, playing the harp- 
 sichord and the youngest in white brocade. 
 Canvas 37 x 30. P. 
 
 Countess Cowper was the daughter of Charles 
 Gore, Esq., of Southampton. Her parents 
 took her to Italy for her health, where the 
 family resided for a long time. Mr. Gore is 
 supposed to have been the original of Goethe’s 
 “ travelled Englishman ” in Wilhelm Meister. 
 Mrs. Delany, in one of her amusing letters, 
 mentions the meeting of Lord Cowper and 
 Miss Gore at Florence, “ when little Cupid 
 straightway bent his bow.” 
 
 They were married at Florence, and on that 
 occasion Horace Walpole condoles with Sir 
 Horace Mann on the prospect, as he would 
 lose so much of the society of his great friend, 
 Lord Cowper. Both Lady Cowper and her 
 husband were in high favour at the Grand- 
 Ducal Court of Tuscany, and the former was a 
 great ornament of the brilliant (but by no 
 means straight-laced) society of the day. Miss 
 Berry speaks in very high terms of Miss Gore, 
 who resided with her married sister. Three 
 sons were born to the Cowpers in Florence. 
 {Panshanger Catalogue , p. 308.) 
 
 Painted at the Villa Palmieri, Florence, which 
 belonged to George, third Earl Cowper. 
 He is standing up in the picture ; Lady Cowper 
 is in a pink dress; her father, Mr. Gore, is 
 playing the violincello; Mrs. Gore and her 
 youngest daughter are in grey, and Miss Emily 
 Gore is playing the harpsichord. This picture 
 was given to the sixth Earl Cowper by 
 his brother, the Hon. Spencer Cowper, who 
 bought it at Florence in 1845 for £20. It was 
 strongly suspected that it was stolen from the 
 
192 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Villa with many other objects of value when Lady 
 Cowper died there at an advanced age in 1826. 
 II. Nat. Loan Exhibit, Grosvenor Gallery No. 
 80, p. 94 
 
 Whitechapel, 1908 (157). 
 
 There is also another picture at Panshanger 
 attributed to Zoffany. 
 
 Drummond, G., Esq. Portrait of Andrew Drummond. The portrait 
 Drummond's Bank , of Mr. Drummond is a large oval one repre- 
 
 London. senting him seated, holding his crutched-top 
 
 walking-stick with one hand and his hat with 
 the other. He wears a wig, and his black- 
 and-white dog is beside him. They are both 
 on a bench under a tree. 89 x 70. P. 
 
 B.I., 1855. 
 
 R.A., 1872 (274). 
 
 This picture has been engraved. 
 
 A group of the Drummond family. 
 
 The picture represents Andrew Drummond, 
 the fifth son of Sir John Drummond, by his 
 wife Margaret, daughter of Sir William Stewart 
 of Innernytie. This Sir John was the grand- 
 nephew of Lord Maderty, and brother of the 
 fourth Viscount Strathallan. 
 
 Andrew Drummond married in 1716 Isabella 
 Strahan, and by her had two children, John 
 Drummond, of Stanmore, M.P., and Isabel, 
 wife of Captain Peters. Andrew Drummond, 
 who was the founder of Drummond’s Bank, 
 died on February 2, 1769, at the age of eighty- 
 one. His wife pre-deceased him, and died 
 on February 13, 1731. 
 
 The picture gives the portraits of three genera- 
 tions. Andrew Drummond himself is repre- 
 sented seated. In one hard he holds his 
 gold-headed walking-stick, in the other his 
 snuff-box and hat, and inside the latter is 
 represented his silk pocket-handkerchief. The 
 stick is still to be seen at the Bank, in the Bank 
 parlour. He used it in his famous walk from 
 Glasgow to London. Seated beside him on 
 the right is his daughter-in-law Charlotte, 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 *93 
 
 daughter of Lord William Beauclerk, and wife 
 of his only son, John Drummond. She has 
 a costume of pale yellow and cream-coloured 
 material over a blue petticoat. Beyond her 
 stands their daughter Charlotte, afterwards 
 married to the Rev. Henry Beauclerk, the 
 sleeves and over-dress of her costume being 
 deep rose-coloured satin over a white under- 
 dress. On the extreme right of the picture 
 stands her brother George, holding his hat, 
 in which is a bird’s nest, and with the other 
 hand exhibiting to his sister an egg from the 
 nest. He afterwards married Martha, the 
 daughter of Thomas Harley, the son of the 
 third Earl of Oxford. P. 
 
 Mr. John Drummond the M.P. is seen standing 
 on the left of the picture talking to his youngest 
 son John, who is being held on to a pony by a 
 groom, dressed in the Drummond grey-coloured 
 livery. Near by, on horseback, is Mr. John 
 Drummond’s daughter, Jane Diana, who was 
 afterwards married to Mr. R. Bethel Cox. She is 
 wearing a light blue riding-habit and yellow vest. 
 
 The figure of the old gentleman, Mr. Andrew 
 Drummond, who has his dog by his side, is 
 practically the same as that in the full-length 
 portrait of him by Zoffany, which also belongs 
 to the same owner. The picture was painted 
 at Stanmore in Middlesex, and is one of 
 Zoffany’s happiest out-of-door conversation 
 pieces. In the extreme distance in the centre 
 of the picture, the town of Harrow-on-the-Hill 
 can be seen lightly indicated. 
 
 The group is peculiarly important, because of 
 the presence in it of the old gentleman who 
 appears alone in the other picture. 63 x 41. 
 
 Another portrait of Mr. Drummond in a coat 
 trimmed with gold lace and holding a snuff-box. 
 
 Drummond, Maldwin, He also possesses another version by Zoffany 
 Esq. of the portrait of Andrew Drummond, the 
 
 Cadland, same portrait as the one in London. 
 
 Southampton. Picture representing some beggars, stated to 
 
 o 
 
i 9 4 
 
 Durham, Earl of. 
 
 . Lambton Castle 
 Fencehouses, 
 Durham. 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 have been drawn from life near Stanmore. 
 There is a woman in red seated near the road 
 nursing a baby, two other figures are standing 
 near, one of them being an old man. 30 x 36. 
 
 Exhibited at the British Institution in 1840. 
 
 Garrick and Mrs. Cibber in the Farmer's Return. 
 
 , Garrick is in bluish-grey costume, with yellow 
 breeches, and wears brown rough boots. Mrs. 
 Cibber is in green with white apron and fichu 
 and white cap with blue ribbons. The maid is in 
 similar costume, and has red ribbons in her 
 cap, the boy is in green. The interior is a 
 cottage, Garrick is smoking a pipe, Mrs. Cibber 
 holding a jug. P. 
 
 Exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1762. 
 
 No. 10 in Lord Durham’s catalogue. 
 
 Garrick and Mrs. Cibber as Jaffier and Belvidera 
 in Venice Preserved. The scene is Venice 
 at night, with water, moonlight, and a lighted 
 lamp on the pavement. Garrick, holding a 
 dagger, is in deep blue with a yellow vest, 
 Mrs. Cibber, kneeling before him, is in a 
 greenish-blue costume, elaborately trimmed 
 with black. 
 
 Exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1763. 
 
 No. 9 in Lord Durham’s catalogue. P. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Garrick at tea at Garrick’s villa 
 at Chiswick. Dr. Johnson is seated on a 
 chair apart from the group, and wears a 
 blue costume, trimmed with gold lace, and 
 a wig. Mrs. Garrick is at the tea-table, and 
 is in white costume with a hat. There are two 
 dogs near her. Garrick in violet costume 
 stands behind her. Mr. Bowden is sitting 
 near, and is in blue with a yellow vest, his 
 three-cornered hat lies on the ground, and a 
 third dog is near to it. George Garrick is 
 fishing, and wears a red coat. The scene is 
 on the banks of the Thames, and there are 
 trees and houses in the distance. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 x 95 
 
 N.B . — According to one account, the lady is 
 said to be Mrs. Thrale, and not Mrs. Garrick, 
 and according to yet another she is declared 
 to be Mrs. Bowden. 
 
 No. 7 in Lord Durham’s catalogue. P. 
 
 Shakespeare’s Temple at Chiswick, sometimes 
 called “ Pope’s Villa,” with Mr. and Mrs. 
 Garrick. Mr. and Mrs. Garrick stand on 
 the steps of the temple. He wears a white 
 coat, blue breeches, a long blue vest, and a 
 stick in his hand, she is in blue and holds a fan. 
 A child is also standing on one of the steps, 
 and by the side of the temple is the figure 
 of a servant who is bringing in some food. 
 A man stands near the river-bank, and a very 
 large St. Bernard dog is seated in the fore- 
 ground. Is this, perchance, Dragon, the dog 
 to whom Hannah More addressed an ode ? 
 
 No. 8 in Lord Durham’s catalogue. P. 
 
 The above four pictures are said to have been 
 bought by the second Earl of Durham at 
 Garrick’s sale for £25 each. 
 
 Dysart, The Earl of. A group of six men, said to be members of the 
 Ham House. Tollemache family — in the smoking-room— is 
 
 attributed to Zoffany. 
 
 Edgcumbe, Sir 
 Robert. 
 
 Quay House , 
 Newquay. 
 
 Portrait of Edward Pearce (1725-1810), great- 
 grandfather of the owner, represented in brown 
 coat and waistcoat, the latter showing a lining 
 of rose pink, pale buff breeches, and black 
 top boots. Canvas 25 x 18L P. 
 
 Edwards, Mr. F. Portrait of Beneram Pundit, the Vakeel, or Minister 
 
 of the Rajah of Berar. 33b x 24. 
 
 The original painting executed at the request of 
 Warren Hastings (and until now in the pos- 
 session of a member of the blastings family), 
 as a record of his gratitude and friendship for 
 a man who rendered him great service during 
 the Benares Insurrection. Hastings had a great 
 affection for the picture and it was always 
 hung in his dining-room. 
 
i cj6 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 “ Beneram Pundit and his brother have shewn 
 an uncommon attachment to me. You will 
 like them for it.” — Hastings' Letters to his Wife. 
 “ When I was at Benares in 1780, I bestowed a 
 piece of land in Gazeepor on Beneram Pundit. 
 ... If . . . the family have been deprived 
 of this property I will entreat you to put them 
 in the way to obtain the restitution of it.” — 
 Hastings' Letter to Sir Charles D'Oyly. 
 
 An account of the services rendered by Beneram 
 Pundit will be found in selections from the 
 State Papers of the Governor-General (Warren 
 Hastings); Vol. II., pp. 165-167. Mention 
 also is frequently made to Beneram Pundit in 
 Hastings' Letters to his Wife. 
 
 Picture entitled “ The Porter and the Hare,” 
 depicting two schoolboys reading a tablet 
 attached to a hare which is being carried by a 
 porter. The picture is signed “ Air. Zoffany 
 Pictor,” and is probably the original. 30 x 25. 
 P. 
 
 R.A., 1769 (213). 
 
 Portrait of a man unknown, bought as a portrait 
 of Ozias Humphry but not representing him. 
 26 x 21. 
 
 Picture of Garrick as Sir J. Brute. 30 x 24. 
 R.A., Winter Exhibition, 1884 (55). 
 
 N.B.— Lord Normandy exhibited a picture with 
 a similar title at the Grafton Gallery in 1897. 
 
 Group representing two men seated over a 
 table on which is a punch-bowl, and smoking 
 long clay pipes. Behind the two figures is 
 W alton-on-Thames . represented a picture hanging on the wall, 
 and part of another one. The group is 
 evidently a part of a much larger picture, from 
 which it has been cut. The foot of the table 
 is missing, and part of the shoe from one man’s 
 foot, while the unusual perspective proves 
 that there were originally more figures in the 
 group. It is a very full rich colour, and 
 
 Ehrich Gallery. 
 New York. 
 
 Essex, The Earl of. 
 Cassiobury Park. 
 
 Fairbairn, J. Brook, 
 Esq. 
 
 Ardwick, 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 x 97 
 
 Farren, Mrs. 
 The Mount , 
 Inchbrook, 
 Stroud. 
 
 Fawkes, Admiral Sir 
 W lLMOT. 
 
 Steelcross House , 
 Eridge, 
 
 Sussex. 
 
 Fisher, Rev. F. 
 Leycester. 
 
 {Address unknown.) 
 
 Fleischmann, Louis, 
 Esq. 
 
 59, Brook Street. 
 
 Florence. 
 
 The Uffizi Gallery. 
 
 Freshfield, Douglas, 
 Esq. 
 
 Wych Cross Place , 
 Forest Row , 
 Sussex. 
 
 originally belonged to the owner’s father, 
 the late Sir Thomas Fairbairn, but there is 
 no record concerning the place where he 
 obtained it. 
 
 Portrait of William Farren, her great-grandfather, 
 in fancy costume. He was the father of 
 William Farren the actor, and grandfather of 
 the third William Farren, also an actor, the 
 last of whom is said to have been the best, 
 Sir Peter Teazle, who was ever seen on the 
 stage. 
 
 Portrait of Miss Fenton, daughter of William 
 Fenton of Carr House, York, whose sister 
 married the great-grandfather of the present 
 owner, Mr. Lee. 
 
 Miss Fenton is represented as a Vestal Virgin 
 holding up her veil with her left hand, and 
 having in her right hand a vase with a handle. 
 She wears sandals, and in the background 
 is a purple curtain and a column. She after- 
 wards became Mrs. Ployle. The picture has 
 never been out of the possession of the family. 
 Circa 36 x 27. 
 
 Two groups by Zoffany, both painted between 
 1770 and 1790, and lent to an Exhibition at 
 Bath. 
 
 (1) Peter Friell and a friend. 
 
 (2) Mrs. Friell and her sister. 
 
 Portrait of Dr. Thomas Hanson in mulberry- 
 coloured costume, seated under a tree, and 
 holding a walking-stick. Circa 36 x 24. 
 
 Japan Exhibition, 1910 (15). P. 
 
 There is a portrait in Berlin of the same man. 
 
 Portrait of Zoffany in a fur robe. Reproduced 
 in Museo Fiorentino Ritratti di Pittori. 
 
 Portrait of a woman unknown, twenty to thirty 
 years old, in a pink dress open in front, with 
 what appears to be a sprig of jasmine fastened 
 on the bodice. Her hair is dark, and has 
 pearls entwined in it. She has blue eyes. 
 
198 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 On the back of the picture is the following 
 inscription— 
 
 “ Susanna Trusson gives this her picture to 
 Mrs. Ann Lynn by her desire and that if 
 she wished to part with it, to give it to some 
 of Susanna Trusson ’s family, either brother 
 or sister, 10 July, 1790.” 
 
 Oval, 12 x 10. We have not seen this. 
 
 Scene from Love in a Village , representing Foote, 
 Shuter and Dunstall. 50 x 40. 
 
 The portrait was bought by the owner’s grand- 
 father, circa 1830, for £1000, and was lent to 
 the Portrait Exhibition at South Kensington 
 in 1867. 
 
 Item 614, R.A., 1767 (?). 
 
 23. Scene from the Clandestine Marriage (1768- 
 1769). King as “ Lord Ogleby,” Mrs. Badde- 
 ley as “ Fanny Stirling,” and Baddeley as 
 from the Club catalogue.) “ Canton.” 
 
 This picture was painted by the express com- 
 mand of George III, after witnessing Mrs. 
 Baddeley ’s performance. Purchased in 1851. 
 
 Engraved by Earlom. 
 
 101. Thomas Weston (1737-1776), Comedian. 
 As Billy Button in the Maid of Bath. Small 
 full-length, brown coat, pink w T aistcoat. 
 
 A comedian distinguished by his breadth of 
 humour, by-play, and absorption in the busi- 
 ness of the scene. Garrick had a high opinion 
 of his ability, and specially as “ Abel Drugger,” 
 Garrick’s own part. As “ Scrub,” Beaux 
 Stratagem , it is reported Weston’s humour 
 was too much for Garrick’s equanimity as 
 “ Archer.” Weston died early a victim to 
 habitual intemperance. 
 
 104. Scene from Speculation , Covent Garden, 
 1 795 . Munden as “ Project,” Quick as “ Aider- 
 man Arable,” and Lewis as “ Tanjore.” 
 
 Painted by desire of His Majesty King George 
 III. Quick’s portrait is repeated in the picture 
 behind him. 
 
 Garle, John Acton, 
 Esq. 
 
 Chipstead, 
 
 Surrey. 
 
 Garrick Club. 
 (The numbers and 
 critical remarks are 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 *99 
 
 1 1 6. Thomas Knight (1764-1820), Actor and 
 Playwright, as Roger in The Ghost. Small 
 full-length, wearing a white smock. 
 
 Of a Dorsetshire family of good position. Intro- 
 duction to Macklin, led him to adopt the stage. 
 Chiefly connected with Covent Garden Theatre. 
 Excellent in coxcombs and rustics, associated 
 with Lewis in management of the Liverpool 
 Theatre, of which he was part lessee. His 
 line of business had much in common with 
 his contemporary “ Edward ” or “ Little 
 Knight.” After his retirement he took up 
 the life of a country gentleman. Knight 
 died at Manor House, Woore, Shropshire. 
 His wife, Margaret Farren, was sister of the 
 Countess of Derby. 
 
 R.A., 1796. 
 
 120. David Ross (1728-1790), Actor and 
 Manager. As Hamlet. Small full-length, 
 black velvet suit, holding a book. P. 
 
 Of Scottish extraction. Educated at West- 
 minster, pupil of Quin, engaged by Garrick, 
 a good personality and pleasing address dis- 
 tinguished him in the “ fine gentleman,” 
 and he had every requisite for the stage save 
 application. Management of the Edinburgh 
 Theatre landed him in difficulties. Indolence 
 and high living contributed to his troubles. 
 Churchill sums him up fairly — 
 
 “ Ross (a misfortune which we often meet), 
 was fast asleep at dear Statira’s feet.” Buried 
 in St. James’ Piccadilly, James Boswell posing 
 as chief mourner. 
 
 The story of the young man whose conscience 
 was smitten by witnessing Ross’s performance 
 of George Barnwell (very effective), and who 
 for many years is reported to have sent the 
 actor annually a ten-pound note in recognition 
 of the donor’s reformation, is not a mere green- 
 room tale, but a fact. 
 
 Grafton Gallery, 1897 (93) when belonging to 
 Irving. 
 
200 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 124. David Garrick (1717-1779), as Lord 
 Chalkstone. Small full-length, holding a 
 crutch, red waistcoat. 
 
 Garrick introduced this character in his dramatic 
 satire Lethe , for Mrs. Clive’s benefit, Drury 
 Lane, March 27, 1756. 
 
 B.I., 1865 (176) 13. 
 
 135. David Garrick (1717-1779). (Full face). P. 
 
 378. Scene from Venice Preserved , Act IV. 
 
 Garrick and Mrs. Cibber as “ Jaffier ” and 
 “ Belvidera.” 
 
 384. Thomas King (1730-1805.) As Touch- 
 
 stone in As You Like It. ( See No. 28.) In 
 harlequin dress. 
 
 386. Scene from Macbeth , Act II. Garrick 
 as “ Macbeth ” ; Mrs. Pritchard as “ Lady 
 Macbeth.” Engraved. P. 
 
 447. Charles Bannister (1738-1804). Actor 
 
 and Singer. Father of Jack Bannister. Pre- 
 sented by William Banting. 
 
 449. Scene from the Village Lawyer. John 
 Bannister as “ Scout,” Parsons as “ Sheepface.” 
 Treated by de Wilde. ( See No. 114). Pre- 
 sented by William Banting. 
 
 475. William Parsons (1736-1795). 
 
 As old Man in Lethe. 
 
 N.B. — An anonymous author, writing in 1824 
 on “ British Galleries of Art,” refers to several 
 of Zoffany’s pictures which were then in 
 Mr. Mathews’ theatrical gallery, and are 
 now in the Garrick Club. The picture of 
 King and Mrs. Baddeley he describes as 
 “ truly exquisite, merely as a work of art, but 
 when regarded as including the portraits of 
 two most accomplished artists in their way, 
 doubly valuable.” Further on, he speaks of 
 it as painted in “ every part with great care 
 and skill.” Writing about the group of Garrick 
 and Mrs. Pritchard, he says that, “ the coun- 
 tenance of Garrick is highly expressive and 
 characteristic, but,” he adds, “ there is a 
 singular want of truth and propriety in the 
 

APPENDIX 
 
 201 
 
 Garrick, George. 
 (A descendant of), 
 in London. 
 
 Glasgow, Corpora- 
 tion of. 
 
 Glenconner, Lord. 
 34, Queen Anne's 
 Gate. 
 
 Goldman, The Hon. 
 Mrs. 
 
 Walpole House , 
 Chiswick. 
 
 attitude of the lower limbs.” He comments 
 unfavourably upon the costumes worn at that 
 time upon the stage, saying that Macbeth 
 was attired in a suit that would form an excel- 
 lent model for a Lord Mayor’s State footman. 
 The same writer alludes very favourably to 
 Zoffany’s picture of “ Garrick and Mrs. Cibber,” 
 while the group of “ Quicke, Lewis and 
 Munden,” he characterises as admirable, and 
 says that the expression of Garrick in his 
 picture of “ Lord Chalkstone ” is given “ with 
 great spirit and force, and shows in a very 
 striking manner the comic powers of Garrick’s 
 countenance.” He also refers briefly to 
 Zoffany’s portrait of Ross in the same gallery. 
 
 Group representing a scene in The Provoked 
 Wife , by Vanbrugh. Sir John Brute (David 
 Garrick), is masquerading in female attire 
 when the “ Watch ” attempt to arrest him. 
 Sir John knocks down one, and lays about him 
 on the rest. 
 
 The watchman as well as Sir John Brute are 
 all portraits, and in the order in which they 
 stand are (from the left), Vaughan, Hallet, 
 Clough, Parsons, Watkins and Phillips. The 
 picture passed from David to George Garrick 
 and has never left his descendants. P. 
 
 It was engraved by Finlayson as after a picture 
 by Zauffelly — an error on the part of the 
 engraver. The print is very rare. 
 
 Group representing a family party, or “ the 
 Minuet.” From the McLellan Gallery, bought 
 by Glasgow in 1854. 39 x 49. 
 
 Portrait of Miss Stephens the actress, afterwards 
 Lady Essex. 12 x 9%. P. 
 
 A group of three figures, a father and two sons, 
 in a garden, the boy on the right, flying a kite. 
 The father wears a long blue coat and breeches 
 and red waistcoat ; the boy beside him a brown 
 
202 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 coat and pale yellow breeches, and the boy 
 flying the kite in similar costume. The names 
 of the persons are unknown. The picture 
 was left to its present owner by a Mr. Fried- 
 lander, who bought it from Mr. Martin Colnaghi. 
 He acquired it at Christie’s, June 1900, for £105. 
 Exhibited by Zoffany at the Society of Artists 
 in 1764, No. 141, when it was described 
 as a family group. It is an exceedingly fine 
 work. 
 
 Graham, Sir Reginald Family group representing Sir Bellingham 
 FI., Bart. Graham, fifth Baronet (1729-1790) seated, 
 
 Norton Conyers , his son Bellingham in a red coat, afterwards 
 
 Melmerly, sixth Baronet, standing near, and Elizabeth, 
 
 Yorks. his daughter, who married John Smith in 1765, 
 
 and Catherine, another daughter, who married 
 Henry Francis Fulk Greville in 1766. They 
 are all under a tree in the park, which has ever 
 since been known as the Zoffany tree. 
 
 391 x 49. P. 
 
 R.A., 1878 (230). 
 
 A sketch of Sir Bellingham Graham, fifth Baronet. 
 ( i 729 - i 79 °). _ 
 
 A sketch of Mistress Ellis the Housekeeper at 
 Norton Conyers in 1780. 
 
 A clock by Rimbault with the face painted by 
 Zoffany in the early days of his coming to 
 England. On it in a panel are five men’s 
 figures, one at a forge, one knife-grinding, 
 one at an anvil, etc. There is a windmill in 
 the distance. The men’s arms move with 
 the minutes, the windmill with the hours. P. 
 
 Greenwich Hospital. Group representing the death of Captain James 
 Gallery in the Cook at Owyhee, February 14, 1779. No. 57. 
 
 Painted Hall. Presented by J. K. Bennett, Esq., executor 
 
 to Mrs. Cook the widow, in 1835. 
 
 The group represents the scene when Cook 
 had landed, accompanied by Lieutenant 
 Phillips of the Marines and several of his men, 
 and endeavoured to obtain possession of the 
 
 Greene, T. W., Esq. 
 22, Park Square East , 
 Regent's Park. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 203 
 
 Haffety, William, 
 Esq. 
 
 The Ring of Bells, 
 Rotherham, 
 Yorkshire. 
 
 Halifax, Viscount. 
 88, Eaton Square. 
 
 Harris & Sinclair. 
 47, Nassau Street, 
 Dublin. 
 
 Heriz-Smith, Joseph, 
 C. T., Esq. 
 
 Slade, 
 
 Bideford, 
 
 Devon . 
 
 King of Owyhee whom he intended to hold 
 as a hostage until the boat which had been 
 stolen from his ship was restored, but a large 
 concourse of the natives pressed upon him, 
 and obliged him to retreat to the shore, while, 
 turning to restrain the fire from the boats, he 
 was stabbed from behind by one of the chiefs, 
 and immediately afterwards despatched by 
 another. P. 
 
 Picture attributed to Zoffany, and believed to 
 represent Captain Cook and his family. It is 
 now being exhibited at the Rotherham Museum. 
 
 It represents a group of persons seated on a 
 flight of steps, holding various objects illustrative 
 of circumnavigation — one a packet of sealed 
 papers, another a log, a third a square, a fourth 
 a drawing-board. In the distance can be 
 seen a ship in full sail. 53 x 34. P. 
 
 Portrait of a Lord Craven. 24 x i8|. Not seen. 
 
 Fine clock with figures painted by Zoffany, 
 musical movement. P. 
 
 Portrait group representing Thomas Somers 
 Cocks, the banker (1737-1796) and Richard 
 Cocks, his brother (1740-1821), seventh and 
 eighth sons of John Cocks of Castleditch. 
 
 The picture shows two small full-length figures 
 in a landscape, one seated on a block of stone 
 under a tree, holding a newspaper in his hand, 
 at which he is pointing, the other stand- 
 ing, resting his left hand on his brother’s 
 shoulder, and holding his cocked hat behind 
 his back. Both of them have long coats with 
 velvet collars, white stockings and buckle 
 shoes, and the picture is inscribed with the 
 names of the sitters and with the words “ Zof- 
 fany pinxit ” in a later hand. 27J- x 35 L P. 
 
 Portrait group representing the Rev. John Cocks 
 ( 1 73 1— 1793) and James Cocks (1734-1804), 
 
204 
 
 Hesketh, Mrs. 
 Everard. 
 Beachcroft, 
 Court Road , 
 Eltham. 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 the third and fifth sons of John Cocks of 
 Castleditch. 
 
 The scene is the interior of a room. On the 
 right the elder brother is seated, with his left 
 arm resting on a round table, and holding a 
 book in his right hand. He is in clerical 
 attire with silk gown, wig and bands. Oppo- 
 site to him stands his brother, in a suit of 
 dark blue velvet with gold buttons, white 
 stock, buckle shoes and white stockings. He 
 is leaning his right arm on the back of a chair 
 which, like the one in which his brother is 
 seated, is covered in a chequered material, and 
 he holds a three-cornered hat and a stick in his 
 left hand. There is a picture hanging upon 
 the wall, which appears to represent a group in 
 India, or else a classical subject. The principal 
 figure is that of a woman holding a child. 
 The picture is inscribed with the names of the 
 sitters, and with the words “ Zoffany pinxit ” 
 in a later hand. Canvas 28 x 36. P. 
 
 The above two pictures were exhibited at the R.A. 
 Winter Exhibition in 1891 (Nos. 8 and 16). 
 
 Photographs of the pictures belong to Mr. Edward 
 Cocks, of 47, Wilton Crescent. 
 
 Portrait representing Joseph Cocks, grandfather 
 of the owner, represented in blue velvet, reading 
 a book. 
 
 Portrait representing the Rev. Philip Cocks, sixth 
 son of John Cocks of Castleditch (1776-1797). 
 
 Group representing Zoffany and his children. The 
 artist is seated in about the centre, and wears a 
 blue coat with a white collar. It depicts him 
 in old age. One of his daughters in white is 
 playing on a harpsichord, another, also in white, 
 is playing a harp near by. The two younger 
 children are represented one at each end of 
 the group, but their figures are only slightly 
 sketched in, and have never been completed. 
 
 In the rear is the figure of the old nurse, Mrs. 
 Ann Chase, who died in 1810 at the age of 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 205 
 
 Hill, Arthur F., Esq. 
 140, New Bond Street. 
 
 Hill, Lady. 
 
 4, Ovington Gardens. 
 
 eighty-one, and was buried in the same grave 
 as Mrs. Zoffany. In her arms she is carrying 
 one of the children. The tradition in the 
 family is somewhat complex respecting this 
 picture. By some it is thought that the child 
 in the nurse’s arms is an imaginary representa- 
 tion of the little boy who died as an infant, by 
 others it is stated that it is the youngest girl, 
 afterwards Mrs. Oliver, and that the third 
 girl is twice represented in the picture, first 
 of all on the left, where she is being reprimanded 
 for treading on her sister’s dress, and the other 
 on the right, where she is just leaving the room, 
 it having been stated that she was dismissed 
 from the apartment in disgrace. There are 
 certainly representations of five children in 
 the group, and Zoffany had but four living 
 at the same time. 
 
 The group was painted for the family and has 
 never left its possession. Circa 30 x 35. P. 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Zoffany in a black dress, with 
 a white bow, wearing a white tulle and satin 
 cap, and having very white hair. Her arms 
 are folded, and rest upon what appears to be 
 a white cushion. Circa 25 x 20. P. 
 
 Companion portrait of Lady Doratt, daughter of 
 Zoffany, represented in black dress with a white 
 collar, having a blue band in her hair, and wear- 
 ing large earrings. She has her hand up 
 to her face. P. 
 
 N.B. — The same owner possesses Zoffany’s 
 “ Patent of Nobility ” already referred to and 
 illustrated in this book. P. 
 
 Portrait of Dr. Arne at one time in the possession 
 of Mr. Littleton. Illustrated in the Musical 
 Times in 1900, in the catalogue of the Musicians’ 
 Exhibition, and in the Burlington Magazine. 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Everitt. Head to the waist, 
 powdered hair, blue dress with fichu, white 
 lace cap. Oval, 13 x 8. 
 
 Originally purchased from Agnew’s. 
 
206 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Holden, The Rev. R. 
 Nuttall Temple, 
 Nottingham. 
 
 Hope, Mrs. 
 
 39, Thurloe Place, 
 London, S.W. 
 
 Horne, Mrs., Sen. 
 The Lodge, 
 Drinks ton, 
 Bury St. Edmunds. 
 
 Hughes, Colonel 
 
 H. B. L. 
 
 Kinmel Park, 
 Abergele, 
 
 North Wales. 
 
 Hutchison, 
 Mrs. K. G. 
 
 Hylton, Lord. 
 Ammerdown, 
 Radstock. 
 
 Portrait of the Right Honourable Charles James 
 Fox. Three-quarter length. Blue costume. A 
 landscape with temple in background. 50 x 40. 
 
 S.K., 1867 (747). P. 
 
 Portrait of David Garrick. Brown coat, scarlet 
 revers, grey powdered hair, holds a pen in his 
 hand. Oval, 21 x 18. 
 
 Clock with figures painted by Zoffany. P. 
 
 Portrait of her grandfather, Thomas Horne, D.D., 
 whose son, also a Thomas Horne, D.D., married 
 Cecilia Clementina Louisa, Zoffany’s daughter, 
 in 1799. Fie is represented in a black gown, 
 wig and bands, standing in a library, surrounded 
 with books, and is pointing to one which is 
 open on the table near by. 57 x 46. 
 
 Portrait of Queen Charlotte. Life-size figure, 
 seated. Costume, whitish brocade with coloured 
 flowers and stripes of brown trimming. Hair 
 powdered, adorned with pearls. Right hand 
 on the back of the chair. There is a crown 
 on a red-draped table behind the Queen. She 
 is wearing the pearl necklace which now belongs 
 to Her Royal Highness, the Duchess of Cum- 
 berland, four rows of pearls close round the 
 neck, and three graduated rows below with 
 four large drops. 
 
 The chair is gold, with a red back. In the rear 
 of the portrait is a column and a red curtain. 
 60 x 39. We have not seen this. 
 
 Picture representing Baddeley as “ Moses ” in 
 The School for Scandal. 
 
 Whitechapel Gallery, 1910 (122). 
 
 R.A., 1781. 
 
 Portrait of Samuel Squire, son of Thomas Squire 
 of Warminster (1714-1766), Clerk of the Closet 
 to George, Prince of Wales, afterwards George 
 III, Dean of Bristol and Bishop of St. Davids. 
 Three-quarter figure, seated to the right, full 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 207 
 
 Impey, Edward, Esq. 
 The Corner House , 
 Steeple Ashton , 
 Trowbridge. 
 
 India Office 
 
 face, episcopal robes and wig, represented as 
 turning over the leaves of a Bible. 51 x 41. 
 
 Large group representing Sir Elijah and Lady 
 Impey, with their three children, ayahs and 
 servants, one child being depicted as dancing, 
 another in the arms of her ayah, and the third 
 by her mother. The children are all in native 
 dress, the attendants playing musical instru- 
 ments. 48 x 36. P. 
 
 Portrait of Lady Impey, full-length, seated, in 
 evening dress, with a dog in her arms. 
 
 Sketch for the head of the portrait of Sir Elijah 
 Impey, now in the National Gallery. 
 
 Portrait of Asaf-ud-daula, Nawab Wazlr of 
 Oudh. Three-quarter length, seated figure, 
 the right hand resting upon one knee, the 
 left pressed against the side. Costume, muslin, 
 with necklaces and armlets of pearls and gems, 
 the red turban is also ornamented with jewels. 
 51 x 41. No. 109. Whitechapel, 1908 (8). 
 
 The following note is at the back of the canvas — 
 
 “ John Zophany painted this picture at Lucknow, 
 a.d. 1784, by order of His Highness, the Nabob 
 Vizier Asoph U 1 Dowlah, 1 who gave it to his 
 Servant Francis Baladon Thomas.” 
 
 Francis Baladon Thomas was a surgeon-major 
 on the Bengal Establishment, and also surgeon 
 to the Lucknow Residency. In 1785 he had 
 a quarrel with Mr. Bristow, the Resident, from 
 whom he had demanded payment for medical 
 attendance. This led to his being brought be- 
 fore a Court-martial and dismissed the service. 
 
 Portrait of Hasan Raza Khan. 2 He is seated on 
 a sofa, with his right hand on his sword, and 
 his left holding the stem of a hookah. The 
 costume is of muslin with a rich sash, and a 
 plain red turban. The note on the back of the 
 picture is as follows — 
 
 “ John Zophany painted this picture at Lucknow, 
 a.d. 1784, by desire of Plussein Reza Caun, 
 
 2 
 
 1 I- I . 
 
208 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Ireland, National 
 Gallery of. 
 
 James, Mrs. W. 
 Coton House , 
 Rugby. 
 
 Jervis, Mrs. 
 Doddington Hall , 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Johnston, Captain 
 Campbell. 
 
 West Wood, 
 Ascot. 
 
 Keate, The Late 
 Mr. George. 
 
 Nabob Suffraz U 1 Dowlah, who gave to his 
 friend Francis Baladon Thomas.” ci x 41. 
 No. hi. 
 
 Whitechapel, 1908 (4). 
 
 Head of Charles Macklin, Irish actor, represented 
 in the part of “ Shylock.” 9x7. 
 
 Bought at Christie’s in 1888. 
 
 Portrait of Garrick. 
 
 Bought of William Permaine, 1903. 
 
 Group representing an old lady in a rose silk 
 skirt and white over-dress seated to the right 
 holding out her hand to a small child — perhaps 
 her grand-daughter — of about two years old. 
 The child is in white and running towards 
 the old lady. Near by stands a lady in green 
 with a blue cloak on her arm, perchance the 
 child’s mother. She is wearing a pearl neck- 
 lace. The picture was purchased from Mr. 
 Martin Colnaghi. 
 
 Small group of mendicants, representing an old 
 man seated, a woman standing near by holding 
 a baby, and another child at the back. 36 x 30. 
 
 The picture was endorsed, by Mr. Edward 
 Delaval, in 1814, as being the work of Zoffany. 
 
 Portrait of Hester Maria Johnston, daughter 
 of the fifth Lord Napier, and great-grand- 
 mother of the owner, with her little son, after- 
 wards Sir Alexander Johnston, who married 
 Louisa, the daughter of Lord William Campbell. 
 
 The picture is a very large one, and represents 
 a tall woman, wearing a kind of bonnet or 
 hat with long strings to it, and carrying a basket 
 of roses in one hand, while with the other she 
 is scattering similar flowers. By her side 
 stands her son, who is in knee-breeches with 
 white stockings, shoes with rosettes, and has 
 a ruff about his neck. 
 
 Steevens bequeathed to him Zoffany’s portrait 
 group of Garrick and Mrs. Cibber. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 209 
 
 Kennedy, Mrs. Portrait group representing Mr. and Mrs. Peter 
 
 x\lexander Wetten of London Style House, Chiswick, 
 
 (nee Wetten). near neighbours and close personal friends 
 
 Lyceum Club. of Zoffany’s. They were the grandparents 
 
 of the owner of the picture. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Wetten both died at Chiswick, and lie in the 
 Wetten vault at Kew. ( See p. 45.) 
 
 The man has a pink vest, yellow breeches and 
 brown coat, and holds a hoe. The lady is 
 in blue and white and holds a bird. Another 
 bird is being brought to her by a servant who 
 wears a black hat. Near by is a young soldier 
 in blue uniform with white facings. In the 
 distance a dog in a kennel, trees, and a rick of 
 hay. 80 x. 55. 
 
 Unfinished picture of the “ Tiger Hunt ” in 
 India, declared to have been painted for Warren 
 Hastings. 50 x 40. 
 
 Small picture, believed to represent a meeting 
 of the Royal Academy with the King in the 
 69, Grosvenor Street, foreground, wearing a light blue coat and the 
 
 Garter ribbon, and represented as looking 
 at one of the pictures and talking to a lady. 
 N.B. — There is some doubt as to whether this is 
 by Zoffany. 
 
 Ker, Miss 
 Ladies' Empire Club , 
 
 Kimberley, The Earl 
 of. 
 
 Kimberley House , 
 Wymondham , 
 Norfolk. 
 
 King, His Majesty 
 The. 
 
 Buckingham Palace. 
 
 p 
 
 Portrait of Lady Wodehouse (1769). She is 
 wearing a shot opal-coloured dress with prim- 
 rose sleeves and sash. She has a tulle veil 
 powdered with silver stars on her hair, and some 
 pearls. 
 
 Portrait of George III. In scarlet uniform, with 
 white waistcoat, wearing the ribbon and Star 
 of the Garter. Painted in 1771. 64^ x 53I. 
 
 Portrait of Queen Charlotte. Seated at a table 
 her arms resting on a crimson cushion. Cos- 
 tume blue silk dress trimmed with lace, and 
 black scarf. 1771. P. 
 
 R.A., 1882 (268). Engraved by Sayer. 65 x 
 5 2 i- 
 
 N.B. — The above two pictures are in the East 
 Gallery. 
 
210 
 
 King, His Majesty 
 The. 
 
 Windsor Castle. 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Portrait of George, Prince of Wales, and Frederick, 
 Duke of York, as children in knee breeches. 
 The Prince in crimson, the Duke in blue, 
 x 79 i 
 
 B.I., 1827 (143). 
 
 Charlotte Augusta, Princess Royal, and William 
 Henry, Duke of Clarence, as children. The 
 Princess in a white and gold costume, the 
 Prince in blue with knee breeches. 51 \ x 79! 
 
 R.I., 1855 (122). 
 
 N.B . — The above two pictures are in the Throne 
 Room. 
 
 Frederick, Duke of York, second son of George II. 
 In red coat with blue facings, yellow waistcoat 
 and yellow breeches. 71 x 60. 
 
 Painted for George III. This hangs in the 
 corridor. 
 
 The Lapidaries. A portrait of Peter Dollond, 
 the optician, who is represented seated at a 
 bench beneath a window, holding in his hand 
 a lens. His assistant is standing behind him. 
 
 35 i x 2 ~b 
 
 B.I., (171). 
 
 International, 1862 (32). 
 
 This was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 
 1772, and has been engraved. The picture 
 is on the visitor’s landing. 
 
 Queen Charlotte and her two eldest children. 
 The Queen is in white satin and is seated in 
 Old Buckingham House, by her dressing-table. 
 Her reflection can be seen in the mirror. There 
 is a fine view from the open window. The 
 Princess Royal is in an oriental style of costume, 
 the Prince in Roman military dress. In the 
 picture is represented a large French clock, 
 which now stands in the corridor close by the 
 picture. 44^- x coj. P. 
 
 B.I., 1828 (121). 
 
 Queen Charlotte with her brothers, sister and 
 children. The Princess Royal is holding a 
 doll, the Prince of Wales standing on a seat. 
 
;• 
 
 
 . 
 
 1 
 
 tjm 
 
 r 
 
 f fm v. 
 
 
 
 Coll, oj His Majesty the King 
 
 Lord Chamberlain's Department photo 
 
 THE DUKE OF CLARENCE AND THE DUKE OF KENT AS CHILDREN 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 21 1 
 
 King, His Majesty 
 The. 
 
 Frogmore. 
 
 Kynaston-Mainwar- 
 ing, Mrs. 
 
 Oteley, 
 
 Ellesmere. 
 
 Princess Elizabeth as a baby is being held by 
 the Queen’s eldest sister, Christiana. Near 
 to the Queen stands her two brothers, Ernst 
 and Georg. 46 x 50. 
 
 R - A -> 1 773 ■ 
 
 B.I., 1858 (155). P. 
 
 These two pictures are in the Grand Corridor. 
 There are also two other pictures at Windsor 
 Castle which were commissioned by Queen 
 Charlotte. One represents George III, Queen 
 Charlotte and six children, which has been 
 engraved by Earlom. They are in what was 
 termed Vandyck dresses. 46 x 50. 
 
 R.A., 1770. 
 
 The other one represents the Duke of Clarence 
 and the Duke of Kent at Buckingham House 
 as children, playing with a dog. 44 x 50. 
 
 Interior of the Florence Gallery. 47 x 59. 
 
 R.A., 1780 ; 1895 (95). 
 
 International, 1862 (133)- 
 
 R.I., 1814 (2). 
 
 B.I., 1826 (162). P. 
 
 “ The Life School ” in the Royal Academy — and 
 Key. 39 x 571. 
 
 R.I., 1814 (63). 
 
 R.A., 1895 (100) ; 1872 (2). 
 
 B.I., 1826 (158). P. 
 
 N.B . — A group of the family of George III, 
 Queen Charlotte, etc., was exhibited at 
 
 International, 1862 (93). 
 
 B.I., 1826 (125) ; 1827 (14°)- 
 
 George III and a family group was exhibited at 
 
 International, 1863 (94). 
 
 B.I., 1827(175). 
 
 Repetition of seated figure of George III at 
 Buckingham Palace. 
 
 Group representing a Grand Duke of Austria, 
 exhibited at Wrexham Exhibition in 1876, 
 No. 377. The picture is thus described by 
 the owner — 
 
212 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 “ There is a brown stone triumphal arch in the 
 rear, with carved figures and inscription upon 
 it. Near by is a standing figure, with dark 
 hair, eyes and lashes. Costume, dull plum- 
 coloured coat, long waistcoat and knee breeches, 
 white stockings, black shoes and buckles, hold- 
 ing a cane in the left hand, and showing the 
 point of the sword. The man wears a lace 
 cravat and ruffles. Near by is a second figure 
 of a man, who is seated on natural stonework, 
 and has one leg crossed over the other. His 
 hair is powdered and tied with a black bow. 
 He wears a blue coat with a red collar and 
 blue frogs, a long red waistcoat, braided and 
 ornamented with gold, a coat lined with white 
 satin, black satin knee breeches, white stock- 
 ings, black shoes and buckles, lace cravat and 
 ruffles. His cane is leaning in the crook of 
 his left hand, his sword-handle is shown, and 
 he has a three-cornered hat lying near him. 
 On the ground is a white spaniel dog.” 
 
 The background represents hills with sea and 
 lighthouse. 53 x 38L 
 
 Lane, John, Esq. Portrait of Zoffany himself as a young man. He 
 The Bodley Head , is wearing a red coat and yellow breeches, 
 
 Vigo Street. and is seated with his legs crossed. The 
 
 identity of the portrait with the rare engraving 
 of Zoffanv in the “ Museo Fiorentino,” evidently 
 drawn a few years later than this portrait, 
 renders the attribution at one time a matter 
 of conjecture, now a matter of certainty. The 
 features are almost identical with those in 
 the engraving. It may also be noted that a 
 book very similar to the one in the engraving 
 appears in the portrait. 50 x 35- p - 
 Portrait of John Maddison, of the Goldsmith’s 
 Company. He acquired his freedom by re- 
 demption in 1763. He became a member of 
 the Livery in 1767, and of the Court in 1771, 
 afterwards serving as Warden in 1780, 1781, 
 1782 and 1784, in which year he was Prime 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 213 
 
 Warden. He died between 1795 and 1801. 
 He was Zoffany’s stockbroker, and stood as 
 security for him when he went to India (see 
 p. 81). The picture represents him in a red 
 coat and wearing the fur-trimmed black robes 
 appertaining to his office of Warden. It is 
 signed by Zoffany — a most unusual circum- 
 stance — and dated 1783. P. 
 
 It was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1784. 
 Bought in London in 1919. 50 x 40. 
 
 A Drawing of Zoffany by himself. Signed and 
 dated 1761. 
 
 Lane, The Late Sir He had in his collection at one time a full-length 
 Hugh. portrait of Mrs. Yates the actress. It is believed 
 
 now to be in America. 
 
 See Shakespeare Exhibition, Whitechapel, 1910. 
 No. 7. 
 
 Lansdowne, Marquess Portrait of Macklin as “ Shylock,” in a group 
 of. representing what was probably his last appear- 
 
 ance at the age of ninety. The figure on the 
 extreme left in the group is that of the Earl of 
 Mansfield. 45 x 57. P. 
 
 R.A., 1884 (54). 
 
 N.P.G., 1867 (806). 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Salusbury. Standing in a paved 
 chamber, with black silk dress with white 
 lace collar and white cap, over which is a thin 
 black veil, falling below the shoulders. In 
 her right hand, resting on the back of a chair 
 in dark velvet, is a parchment document with 
 red seal, in the left, a large white silk handker- 
 chief. 
 
 In the foreground is a brown and white spaniel, 
 to the right marble columns surmounted by an 
 archway through which can be seen a flight 
 of steps leading to a garden. On the left hangs 
 the portrait of a gentleman in a blue coat and 
 red vest. Canvas 50 x 39. P. 
 
 The picture was found at Tully Allan, where it 
 had been taken by Lady W. Osborne Elphin- 
 stone, whose mother, Lady Keith, was the 
 
2I 4 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 daughter of Thrale, and grand-daughter of 
 Mrs. Salusbury. In a letter from Mrs. Piozzi, 
 dated Weston-super-Mare, October 18, 1819, 
 she thus writes respecting this picture : “ My 
 mother’s portrait by Zoffany should go to Lady 
 Keith, who alone of my family can remember 
 her.” 
 
 Lascelles, Lord. Two portraits in the library, one representing 
 Chesterfield House , Miss Taylor, in a grey-green mannish costume, 
 Mayfair. holding a stick in her hand. Her hair is 
 
 dressed very high and pow T dered. 30 x 25. 
 The other representing Mrs. Hannah More in 
 a red dress with white mob cap, and with 
 folded hands. 36 x 28. 
 
 Portrait of Tom Law. Painted to the order of 
 the great-grandfather of the present owrner, 
 Ewan Law, before Tom Law went to America. 
 Information derived from Sir Algernon Law, 
 K.C.M.G., of 74, Brook Street. 
 
 Law, Miss Gertrude. 
 Oakhurst, 
 
 The Common , 
 Midhurst , 
 Sussex. 
 
 Lee of Fareham, Lord. Portrait of a gentleman, name unknown. P. 
 Chequers'’ Court , Bucks. 
 
 Leggatt, Messrs. 
 
 St. James Street. 
 
 Portrait of Admiral Lord George Anson standing 
 in an apartment before a hemisphere. 19! x 
 13. P. 
 
 From Martin Colnaghi’s sale, October 1908. 
 
 Locker-Lampson, Portrait of Benjamin Stillingfleet, represented 
 Godfrey, Esq., M.P. as an elderly man in drab coat with ruffles 
 Rowfant , and small grey wig. 42 x 33. 
 
 Sussex. 
 
 Locko Park. There is a picture attributed to Zoffany in this 
 
 Near Derby. house, which at one time belonged to Shep- 
 
 ( IF. Drury-Lozce collection), herd’s Gallery. It is believed to be illustrated 
 
 in a back number of The Connoisseur . 
 
 Longman, T. Norton, Portraits of a brother and sister named Harris, 
 Esq. painted at the ages of fourteen and sixteen 
 
 Shendish, years. The sister married the great-grand- 
 
 King's Langley , father of the owner of the picture. P. 
 
 Herts. 
 

 
 
 Coll, of Lord Lee of Fareham 
 
 By kind permission of “ The Connoisseur' 
 
 PORTRAIT OF A COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, NAME UNKNOWN 
 
 

APPENDIX 
 
 215 
 
 Lovelace, The 
 Countess of. 
 
 Wentworth House , 
 Chelsea Embankment , 
 London. 
 
 Lucas, Seymour, Esq. 
 Hampstead. 
 
 McCalmont, Sir 
 Hugh. 
 
 Mackenzie, Lady 
 Muir. 
 
 Portrait of Lord Wentworth with his three sisters, 
 afterwards Lady Milbanke, Lady Lamb, and 
 Lady Scarsdale. 50 x 39. 
 
 Lord Wentworth is in red with black and gold 
 robes over his costume. He holds an engraving 
 in one hand and a book in the other. His three 
 sisters and a dog are near to him. In the 
 distance is a view of London. 
 
 He is said to possess a head by Zoffany. 
 
 Portrait of a man in a white coat, seated at a 
 round table, covered with a white cloth and 
 having a breakfast-service upon it. He is a 
 Mr. Phipps, and the portrait was left to his 
 college friend, Mr. Barton, the great-grand- 
 father of Miss Barton, who is half-sister to 
 the owner. The man is represented holding 
 a book in his hand, and on it is the inscription 
 which probably refers to some joke of the 
 period, “ All eggs under the grate,” that is 
 to say “ Alexander the Great.” P. 
 
 Group representing two Generals in uniform, 
 General Sir James Pulteney Murray, seventh 
 Baronet and Sir John Murray his half-brother, 
 eighth Baronet, children of Sir Robert Murray, 
 the sixth Baronet. 
 
 Sir James was Secretary-at-War and Adjutant- 
 General of the Forces on the Continent in 
 1793. He married Henrietta, Countess of 
 Bath in her own right, and in consequence 
 assumed the name and arms of Pulteney. He 
 died without issue in 1811. 
 
 Sir John was Lieut. -General, and married the 
 only daughter and heir of the second Lord 
 Mulgrave. He also died without issue, and 
 was succeeded by his brother as ninth Baronet. 
 They are seated in a room near to a table, one 
 is in red uniform with blue facings and white 
 breeches, the other is in a reddish-brown coat 
 and white breeches. The latter is pointing 
 
2l6 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 to a map. In the room is an important mantel- 
 piece on which is a black vase, and there is 
 also a sofa covered in gold-coloured material. 
 
 MacLeod of MacLeod. Portrait representing General Norman MacLeod 
 Dunvegan Castle, in uniform, twentieth Chief of the Clan. He was 
 
 Skye. born 1754, and succeeded his grandfather in 
 
 1772. It was during his time that Johnson 
 and Boswell visited Dunvegan Castle. In 
 1780 he raised the second battalion of the Black 
 Watch, 42nd Highlanders, and shortlv after 
 commanded the British troops against Tippoo 
 Sahib. P. 
 
 He returned to England in 1789, and died in 1801. 
 His second wife, represented in another picture, 
 is Sarah, the daughter of Mr. N. Stackhouse, 
 a member of the Council in Bombay. There 
 is also in this picture a child of about three. 
 Both were painted in India in about 1788, 
 and in the background of the man’s portrait 
 are elephants and tents, and an officer in uni- 
 form receiving a native lady of rank who has 
 just arrived in a palanquin. Further back 
 can be seen the Highland regiment. 
 
 Both pictures are 96 x 60. 
 
 Macpherson, Mr. W. Is believed to have some Indian portraits by 
 Late of the Indian Zoffany. 
 
 Civil Service. 
 
 ( Address unknown.) 
 
 Mac Rory, S. M., Esq. 
 Ardmore Lodge, 
 Limavady , 
 
 Co. Londonderry . 
 
 Group representing the Needham family of 
 St. Edmondsburv, Lucan, near Dublin. Said 
 to have been painted bv Zoffany in Ireland, 
 circa 1780. 54 x 42. Not seen by us. 
 
 Mr. Needham was a banker. The owner’s late 
 wife’s mother was Miss Needham, daughter 
 of the gentleman in the group. 
 
 The following is the description of the picture— 
 “ Mr. and Mrs. Needham are walking together. 
 They were the owner’s mother’s father and 
 mother, his grandparents ; also his great- 
 grandmother seated with children around her.” 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Manigault, Louis, 
 Esq. 
 
 Charleston , 
 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Manning, Mrs. 
 
 New Croft , 
 
 North End Road , 
 Golder's Green. 
 
 Mansfield, The Earl 
 of. 
 
 Kenwood , 
 Hampstead . 
 
 217 
 
 (1) Uncle Thomas Needham in green coat and 
 frilled collar. 
 
 (2) Aunt Rachel with a basket of flowers. 
 
 (3) Uncle Richard, who entered the Army, with 
 a dog. 
 
 Thomas Needham, was the eldest child of a large 
 family. There was a difference of twenty years 
 between him and the owner’s mother, who was 
 not born at the time the picture was taken. 
 
 The picture was, it is said, painted by Zoffany 
 when he visited Ireland, as the background 
 represents part of the extensive park at St. 
 Edmondsbury, where the Needhams lived. 
 The visit to Ireland took place, it is stated, 
 somewhere between 1778 and 1783. 
 
 Portrait of Ralph Izard, who was one of the delega- 
 tion from South Carolina to the first Congress. 
 It represents him as a boy, seated under a tree, 
 holding an open book, and with a dog at his 
 feet. It is dated 1771, and the signature of 
 Zoffany, with a word or two which cannot 
 be read, is to be found on a stone just below the 
 boy’s feet. 
 
 The picture is reproduced in C. W. Bowen’s 
 History of the Centennial Anniversary of the 
 Inauguration of Washington (B.M. K.T.C., 9. 
 b. 6. 1892) page 101, and there is some informa- 
 tion contained in the same book respecting it, 
 gathered from G. E. Manigault, Esq., M.D., 
 of Charleston, S.C. 
 
 The present owner of the picture is the great- 
 grandson of Izard. 
 
 Portrait of Miss Bowers, who married in 1777 
 or 1778, Thomas Cook, a relation of Captain 
 Cook, and was the great-grandmother of the 
 present owner. She is wearing her wedding 
 costume. We have not seen this picture. 
 
 It is stated that there is a portrait of Lord Mans- 
 field, by Zoffany, in this house. 
 
2l8 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A 
 
 Marshall, Robert, 
 Esq. 
 
 31, The Waldrons , 
 Croydon . 
 
 Martiniere, The. 
 Lucknow. 
 
 Martyn, Dr. 
 
 8, Gay Street , 
 
 Bath. 
 
 Maryon-Wilson, Sir 
 Spencer, Bart. 
 Charlton House , 
 Kent. 
 
 Group representing Mr. and Mrs. Hussey and 
 their daughter. They lived at one time at 
 Wargrave Hill House, Berkshire. Mr. Hussey 
 is in grey. Airs. Hussey is in white satin with 
 a lace cap. The child is holding a rose, and 
 is dressed in white with an underskirt of pink 
 and a pink sash. Background of trees in the 
 distance, “ a pretty picture, grey and silvery 
 in tone.” 48 x 39. P. 
 
 It was bequeathed to the owner by a friend, to 
 whose brother it was left by his godmother, 
 a certain Airs. Hussey, who many years ago 
 lived at Rustington in Sussex, but exactly 
 how her husband was related to the persons 
 depicted in the picture the owner does not 
 know, nor did his friend who left it to him. 
 
 Portrait of General Claud Alartin. 
 
 Group depicting the lady who passed as Alartin’s 
 wife, Goree Beebee with her son Zulficar 
 Khan or James Alartin. This canvas had a 
 bullet through it at the time of the Mutiny. 
 It has been patched up and a medallion of 
 General Alartin painted over the place which 
 “is quite in keeping,” Air. Sykes says, “with 
 the rest of the picture.” Circa 30 x 24. 
 
 Water-colour copy of a lost original by Zoffany 
 called “ A Smug Citizen.” P. 
 
 See under Austin for the same picture. 
 
 Portrait of David Garrick. 29! x 23K 
 
 Portrait of Air. Plot. 29J x 24K 
 
 Mathias, Duncan, Esq. Portrait of Gabriel Alathias, Assistant Keeper 
 440, Strand , of the Privy Purse, 1719-1804. He is repre- 
 
 London. sented seated, wears knee breeches, white 
 
 stockings, shoes with buckles, and has lace 
 ruffles at his wrists. He is represented resting 
 his arm on a table, and by his side is a dog. 
 On the table stands a bust by Nollekens, dated 
 1779, and representing his brother James T. 
 Alathias as author of the Pursuits of Literature. 
 
Coll, of Major Otway Mayne 
 
 PORTRAITS OF ADMIRAL CUNNINGHAM AND HIS WIFE ANNE, DAUGHTER OF FRANCIS OTWAY 
 OF ASHGROVE, SEVENOAKS [circa 1774) 
 
 THE SCENERY REPRESENTS THE HOE AT PLYMOUTH WITH DRAKE’S ISLAND IN THE DISTANCE 
 

APPENDIX 
 
 219 
 
 See as to the bust, Nollekens and His Times , 
 
 L8 5- 
 
 N.B. — The picture is at present in the care of 
 his cousin, Mr. Robert Logan, 2, Knares- 
 borough Place, Earl’s Court, S.W. 
 
 Maugham, Somerset, 
 Esq. 
 
 6 , Chesterfield St ., 
 Mayfair , W. 
 
 Mayne, Otway, Esq. 
 Walton Lodge , 
 Aylesbury. 
 
 Picture representing Garrick and Mrs. Cibber 
 as “ Jaffier ” and “ Belvidera ” in Venice 
 Preserved , Act IV. There is a somewhat 
 similar work in the Garrick Club, No. 378. 
 
 Garrick is represented in a blue coat, with a gold- 
 coloured waistcoat, Mrs. Cibber in a black silk 
 dress, with handsome black-and-white lace 
 bodice, and the scene is at night by the banks 
 of a canal in Venice. On the left side of the 
 picture is a tall street lamp, lighted. The 
 background shows San Giorgio Maggiore and 
 Santa Maria della Salute. Circa 40 x 50. P. 
 
 Purchased at David Garrick’s sale in 1823. This 
 representation is exceedingly well painted, and 
 is declared to be the original for which the one 
 in the Garrick Club was probably the sketch. 
 The costume of Mrs. Cibber is finely executed. 
 
 Portraits of Admiral Cunningham and his wife 
 Anne, daughter of Francis Otway of Ashgrove, 
 Sevenoaks, Kent. The lady is seated, and 
 looking through a telescope at a ship which 
 her husband, who stands near her, is pointing 
 out. Painted about 1774. 46 x 38. 
 
 Melville, Violet, Group representing the children of Henry, First 
 Viscountess. Viscount Melville : Robert, second Viscount 
 
 11 , Lowndes Street (1771-1851) ; Elizabeth, who married the Right 
 Hon. Robert Dundas, Lord Chief Baron of 
 Scotland, and died in 1852 ; Anne, who married 
 first Henry Drummond, who died in 1794, and 
 secondly James Strange, who died in 1840, she 
 also died in 1852 ; and Montagu, who married 
 George, Lord Abercromby, and died in 1837. 
 
 The elder girl is in pink, and is standing by a 
 globe, the youngest holds a map of Europe 
 in her hand, the third girl is seated at a desk, 
 copying a map, the boy is entering the room, 
 
220 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 with a satchel and some books, and on one of 
 the books is the inscription “ Robert Dundas, 
 his book.” The book-cases and the globe repre- 
 sented are still in the possession of the family. 
 
 Middleton, H. B., Esq. Nathaniel Middleton, Hon. East India Company, 
 
 Resident at Lucknow under Warren Hastings, 
 ob. 1807, represented seated with three Indian 
 officials in attendance. P. 
 
 Another portrait of him seated. Three-quarter 
 length. 
 
 Group of Robert Morse, ob. 1816, his daughter 
 Sarah, afterwards Mrs. Cator, William Cator, 
 ob. 1800, and Anne Frances Morse, after- 
 wards Mrs. Middleton, ob. 1823. Mr. Morse 
 is playing on the ’cello, his daughter, Anne, on 
 the harpsichord, the other daughter is turning 
 the music, and Mr. Cator stands near by. P. 
 
 Portrait of Lord Cornwallis delivering up a son 
 of Tippoo Sahib 1 to his uncle. 58 x 48. 
 Bought in London, circa 1815. 
 
 Munro-Ferguson, Rt. Group representing Mary and Agnes Berry 
 Hon. Sir T. C., as young girls, seated on a stone column under 
 
 K.C.M.G. a tree, playing with a large dog. One wears 
 
 a hat of white feathers, the other a hat of black 
 feathers. 71 J x 59. P. 
 
 Group representing William Ferguson, great- 
 grandfather of the present owner, commemorat- 
 ing amongst his friends his succession to the 
 estate of Raith in 1781. The men, including 
 the artist himself, are all grouped about a 
 tree, and are enjoying some wine. There are 
 glasses and a decanter on the round table, 
 and other bottles in a large wine-cooler near 
 by, which wine-cooler is still preserved at 
 Raith. One man is holding a snuff-box, 
 another a stick, and Zoffany himself a letter, 
 but the names have not been preserved of 
 Ferguson’s various friends. 39! x 49I. P. 
 
 Bradford B ever ell, 
 Dorchester. 
 
 Moor, Major E. C. 
 Great Dealings , 
 Woodbridge, 
 Suffolk. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 221 
 
 William Ferguson was William Berry, and had 
 a brother Robert, the father of Mary and Agnes. 
 The mother of these two brothers was a sister 
 of Robert Ferguson, who made a fortune, and 
 in 1795 bought Raith from the Melville family. 
 Robert, who married a distant cousin of his 
 own, was in his uncle’s counting-house, but 
 at his death was only bequeathed a small annual 
 income, and a house in Austin Friars, whereas 
 William, his brother, who married an heiress, 
 a daughter of Ronald Crawfurd, succeeded 
 to the estate and assumed the name and arms 
 of Ferguson. 
 
 Portrait of Lady Dumfries, born Craufurd. 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Ferguson and Mrs. Fullerton 
 seated at a spinet. 
 
 Small and curious portrait said to represent an 
 Admiral Forbes or a General Forbes. 35J x 27^. 
 
 National Gallery of Portrait of Charles Macklin, actor, in the part 
 Ireland. 
 
 Dublin . 
 
 National Gallery. 
 
 London. 
 
 National Portrait 
 Gallery. 
 London . 
 
 of Shylock (301). 
 
 Portrait of David Garrick (539). 
 
 Portrait of Thomas Gainsborough, in dull red 
 coat and white neckcloth, face clean-shaven, 
 natural hair, curled, powdered and gathered 
 into a queue at the back of the head. P. 
 
 The face nearly in profile to the left. Oval, 
 7l x 6 f- 
 
 Presented by the Misses Lane in 1896. 
 
 R.A., 1887 (19). 
 
 Portrait of Zoffany himself, painted in 1761, 
 purchased by the Trustees, February 1875. 
 Figure to the waist, face nearly in profile to 
 the left ; his hand rests upon the top of a book 
 or sketching-block, and between his fingers 
 he holds a double port-crayon. His hair is 
 long and curly. The coat is open at the throat. 
 2of x 16J. No. 399. P. 
 
 Sir Elijah Impey (1732-1809), Chief Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of India. Personal 
 friend of Warren Hastings. 
 
 Bequeathed by Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, 
 
222 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Newborg, J. \I., Esq. 
 New York. 
 
 New York City. 
 
 McAlpin Hotel , 
 Corner of 34/// Street, 
 Broadway . 
 
 Nollekens, Joseph, 
 R.A.. The Late. 
 
 Northwick Park 
 Collection. 
 
 Block lev, 
 Worcestershire. 
 
 Bart., K.C.B., F.R.S., and accepted by the 
 Trustees, February 1872. It is now (1919) 
 exhibited at the National Gallery. 
 
 Seated figure to below the knees, face almost 
 in profile to the left. 48! x 38L No. 335. 
 
 Constantine John Phipps, second Baron Mul- 
 grave, R.N., F.R.S. (1744-1792). Commander 
 of the Racehorse in 1773, on an expedition to 
 the Arctic regions. Created a peer in 1790. 
 
 Portrait purchased by the Trustees, May 1897, 
 representing Lord Mulgrave, full-length, in 
 naval uniform in the Arctic regions, holding 
 in one hand a long spear or harpoon, and in 
 the other his three-cornered hat. 49 x 39J. 
 No. 1094. 
 
 N.B . — The portrait of John, Earl of Sandwich, 
 in the Gallery, is after Zoffany. (45). 
 
 Portrait of Captain Money, represented leaning 
 on a piece of wood which rests between a tree 
 and the stem of another tree. He is wearing 
 his hat, has one hand up to his face, and with 
 the other is holding an open book. In the 
 distance is a scene with a cathedral very much 
 resembling Salisburv. P. 
 
 Attributed to Zoffany. 
 
 Group representing George III, Queen Charlotte, 
 and the Dukes of York, Clarence and Kent. 
 50 x 60. 
 
 R.A., 1770, and engraved. 
 
 This is perhaps a replica or a copy of the picture 
 about which Walpole made the following note 
 in his catalogue — 
 
 “ In Yandvck dresses. Ridiculous. A print of 
 it.” The original belongs to H.M. the King. 
 
 Smith tells us that he possessed two drawings 
 bv Zoffanv. “ Presentations.” 
 
 Group representing Garrick, Mr. Baddeley 
 and another actor who is in clerical attire. 
 


APPENDIX 
 
 223 
 
 Nugent, Sir E. C., A group of persons represented in a room, from 
 Bart. which can be seen the Horse Guards Parade. 
 
 West Harling Hall , The old man is Robert, Earl Nugent, when 
 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Viscount Clare. Near by is his son by his 
 first wife, Edmund, Lieut. -Colonel in the First 
 Foot Guards, who died unmarried at Bath, in 
 1771. The child is Mary Elizabeth, his eldest 
 daughter by his third wife. She afterwards 
 married George, Marquess of Buckingham, 
 who inherited under the limitation the Earldom 
 of Nugent. Near to her stands Miss Mary 
 Nugent, Earl Nugent’s half-sister, usually 
 known in the family as Aunt Peggy. 50x42. P. 
 
 R.A., 1765. 
 
 O’Hagan, Lord, 
 Pyrgo Park , 
 Havermg-atte- 
 Bower, 
 Essex. 
 
 Group representing Charles Towneley, the col- 
 lector, in his library with his marbles, which 
 are now in the British Museum. He is sur- 
 rounded by his books, and in conversation with 
 D’Hancarville, near whose chair stand Charles 
 Greville and Thomas Astle. 
 
 Nollekens writes of the picture as follows — 
 
 “ The best of the marbles were brought into the 
 painting-room to the artist, who made them up 
 into a picturesque composition according to his 
 own taste. The likeness of Mr. Towneley,” 
 he adds, “ is extremely good ; he looks like the 
 dignified possessor of such treasures. At his 
 feet lies his faithful dog Kam, a native Kams- 
 chatka, whose mother was one of the dogs 
 yoked to a sledge which drew Captain King 
 in that island.” 50 x 39. P. 
 
 R.A., 1790. 
 
 R.I., 1814 (92); 1849 (124). 
 
 Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1907 (25). 
 
 A group representing certain connoisseurs of the 
 period, six in number, Mr. Charles Towneley 
 resting both hands on his cane, Mr. Charles 
 Price, seated, Dr. Verdun holding a snuff-box, 
 and having a muff under his left arm, Dr. 
 Oliver, with his fore-fingers extended, Mr. 
 Richard Holt, represented as opening a curtain, 
 
224 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 and Captain Wynn, who is with his left hand 
 grasping the curtain. P. 
 
 Portrait of Coleman the younger : the Dramatist. 
 There is a playbill of The Provoked Wife on 
 the chair near to him. P. 
 
 Oldfield, Mrs. 
 Zoffany. 
 
 Coleraine House , 
 Nassau St., 
 Cavendish 
 Square. 
 
 Small miniature portrait of Zoffany, painted by 
 himself, given to her mother, Mrs. Oliver. 
 
 It represents him as a young man. He is wearing 
 a blue coat. It was evidently painted before 
 the last of his daughters was born. On the 
 reverse are five initials, “ J.M.L.C.L.,” com- 
 memorating his own name and that of his wife, 
 John and Mary, and three of his children, 
 Louisa, Claudina and Elizabeth. The hair of 
 the five persons was originally in the back of 
 the miniature, but that has disappeared, and the 
 miniature itself has been seriously injured. 
 
 Oldfield, The Rev. 
 Canon. 
 
 12, Wetherhy 
 Gardens , A. IF. 
 and Bur rough's Hill, 
 Salisbury. 
 
 Portraits of Beau Wilton and of Lady Chambers. 
 Painted in India at the end of the eighteenth 
 century. 
 
 Oswald, R., Esq. 
 Auchincruve , 
 Ayr. 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Oswald of Auchincruve. In a 
 blue dress, trimmed with lace, painted about 
 1770. Full-length, seated. P. 
 
 A r .B. — There is a legend in the family that 
 Zoffany attempted to paint Mr. Oswald, her 
 husband, into the picture. He discovered this 
 and objected, eventually making Zoffany cover 
 his image with a cloud. 
 
 The lady died in London, in 1780, and her body 
 was brought down and buried in the vault in 
 Scotland. It is said that Robert Burns, find- 
 ing the funeral retinue in the public-house he 
 was in the habit of frequenting, and being re- 
 fused admission, vented his spleen by writing 
 a most scurrilous poem entitled “ Dweller in 
 yon dungeon dark,” in which he abused her 
 to his heart’s content. 
 
Coll, of Lord O'Hagan R arliam photo 
 
 PORTRAIT OF GEORGE COLMAN THE YOUNGER 
 
 (1762-1836) 
 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 225 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 Ashmolean Museum. 
 
 Parma. 
 
 The Picture Gallery . 
 
 Parry, Sir Hubert, 
 Bart. 
 
 Highnam Court, 
 Gloucester. 
 
 She was, however, it is stated, a most estimable 
 lady. The husband’s portrait cannot be found. 
 It is said to be in America, and that he ex- 
 changed portraits with Benjamin Franklin in 
 Paris. Both Mr. and Mrs. Oswald were 
 buried in the vault, close to the Kirk at Auchin- 
 cruve. Raeburn also painted a portrait of 
 Mr. Oswald. 
 
 Two small whole-length oil sketches of Gar- 
 rick as Abel Drugger, made either from life, 
 or immediately after the return from the 
 theatre, for the picture now belonging to Lord 
 Carlisle. 
 
 Concert of wandering Minstrels. Nine persons, 
 three seated and the others standing. One is 
 a woman who bears a tambourine. One of 
 the men carries a staff and a collecting bowl, 
 the others musical instruments and music. 
 
 The picture was for some time known under the 
 title of the “ Blind Minstrels,” but the present 
 catalogue questions the authority of this title, 
 and points out that but one of the minstrels 
 appears to be blind, and even about him there 
 appears to be some doubt, as his eyes are only 
 partially closed. The picture was painted for 
 the Duke Ferdinand de Bourbon. It was 
 deposited in the gallery in 1821, re-claimed in 
 1851, kept in the ducal storehouse till 1865, 
 and then re-deposited in the gallery. Panel, 
 0,37 x 0,46. No. hi. P. 
 
 A portrait of Duke Ferdinand de Bourbon. 
 Panel, 0,86 x 0,19. No. 346. 
 
 Picture representing the cabin of the Norfolk 
 bound for Manilla in 1762, when it was the 
 flagship of Admiral Sir Samuel Cornish, and 
 of Kempenfeldt his Flag-captain. Both these 
 persons are represented in the cabin, and in the 
 background, seated, is Thomas Parry, secretary 
 of the expedition, an ancestor of the present 
 owner. 68 x 56. P. 
 
 Q 
 
226 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Pepys, Captain A., 
 Knowle House , 
 Budleigh Salter- 
 ton. 
 
 Perceval, Mrs. C. 
 Spencer. 
 
 24, Chester Square. 
 
 Group representing the owner’s great-grandfather, 
 Colonel Blair, with Mrs. Blair, their two 
 daughters and an ayah. Mrs. Blair is in white 
 satin with pale blue over-dress, white head- 
 dress, fichu and powdered hair. She and her 
 husband are seated on a sofa. To the right is 
 a daughter in white with rose-coloured sash 
 and shoes, who is the owner’s grandmother. 
 She is playing with a kitten which the ayah 
 has in her arms. On the left is another 
 daughter in white satin with greyish-yellow 
 over-dress, seated before a square piano which 
 has music upon its desk. 
 
 There are three pictures upon the wall of the 
 room depicting Indian scenes. 38 x 53. P. 
 
 Painted in India in 1789. 
 
 R.A., 1885 (29). 
 
 Group representing Mr. and Mrs. John Burke 
 of Carshalton, with their son and two daughters. 
 Zoffany, the artist, is in yellow, and is seated, 
 and holds the youngest child (Elizabeth) on 
 his knee. She is in white with red shoes, and 
 her sister Mary, who stands near with a fish- 
 ing rod in her hands is in similar costume. 
 In his hand Zoffany holds a silver snuff-box. 
 'Phe bov, John, has his foot on a basket which 
 contains fish. Mrs. Burke (Mary) stands near 
 to her husband who is seated and reading a 
 newspaper. He is in a brown coat and yellow 
 waistcoat. P. 
 
 Physicians, College Portrait of Dr. William Hunter, lecturing at a 
 OF desk. He has an anatomical model in his 
 
 London. hand. Presented by Mr. Bransby Cooper in 
 
 1829. 5 1 x 4 1 - 
 
 Portrait of Sir Richard Jebb in lavender-coloured 
 coat and black gown. 30 x 25. 
 
 Presented by the Rev. R. F. Hallifax in 1827. 
 S.K., 1867 (618). 
 
 Picture representing Dr. Wm. Hunter delivering 
 a lecture on anatomy at the Royal Academy 
 to a group of students. 41 x 31. P. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Players’ Club. 
 New York. 
 
 Poona, Government 
 House. 
 
 Portland, The Duke 
 of. 
 
 Welbeck. 
 
 Prideaux Brune, 
 Colonel. 
 
 io, Grosvenor Gar- 
 dens. 
 
 227 
 
 See Lucas’ London Revisited , p. 26. 
 
 Presented by Mrs. Baillie in 1823. 
 
 International Exhibition, 1862 (36). 
 
 Whitechapel Exhibition, 1006 (27). 
 
 R. A., 1871 (265). 
 
 S. K., 1867 (506). 
 
 Portrait of Thomas Doggett. Full-face to the 
 right, full-length, wearing a cocked hat. 
 25 x 30. 
 
 Portrait of Garrick as Abel Drugger. Engraved 
 in mezzotint by J. Dixon. 
 
 Portrait of Madhava Rao Sindhia (see p. 96). 
 This has also been attributed to an artist of 
 the name of Welsh, but various contemporary 
 allusions refer to it as by Zoffany. It was 
 copied by Mr. Cecil Burne for the late Principal 
 of the School of Art in Bombay for the Victoria 
 Memorial Trustees, and our photograph is 
 from his copy as the original is too dark to 
 photograph well. It is suggested that the 
 portrait at Government House is the original 
 by Zoffany and the replica in the Temple ( see 
 p. 96) by Welsh. 
 
 Portrait of Charles John Bentinck (1708-1779), 
 youngest son of William Bentinck, Earl of 
 Portland. Half-length figure of an old man 
 in a wig. No. 27 in the Welbeck collection. 
 Mr. Bentinck married Lady Margaret Cadogan, 
 whose sister was the wife of the second Duke 
 of Richmond. P. 
 
 N.B . — There are three replicas in existence of 
 this picture. One is in the collection of 
 Count Bentinck at Middachten. 
 
 A second is in the collection of Mr. Henry A. 
 Bentinck at Indio. 
 
 A third is in the collection of the Duke of Rich- 
 mond at Goodwood. 
 
 Picture representing John Wilkes and Serjeant 
 Glynn (after whom Colonel Prideaux Brune’s 
 father was named). The family seat is Glynn, 
 near Bodmin. 
 
228 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Prothero, F. E., Esq. 
 The Hall , 
 
 Du ns ter, 
 Somerset . 
 
 Pryce, E. S. Mostyn, 
 Esq. 
 
 Gunley , 
 
 Chirbury, 
 
 Salop. 
 
 Queenborough, Lord. 
 39, Berkeley Square, 
 London. 
 
 Quiltf.r, Sir Cuth- 
 bert. 
 
 Bazedscy Manor, 
 Feli.xstozce. 
 
 (Once in the possession 
 of.) 
 
 Serjeant Glynn is seated by a table, and holds a 
 pen in his hand. Before him are certain papers, 
 one of which is endorsed “ Magna Charta,” 
 the other addressed to Mr. Serjeant Glynn, 
 and near by, at the edge of the table, is a 
 volume bearing the name Sydney on Gov. 
 Near to the table is a medallion of Hampden 
 inscribed with his name. Wilkes is standing 
 near to him, directing his attention to a paper 
 in his hand, endorsed “ Wilkes Esq., v. Earl 
 of Halifax,” and signed Reynolds. Both men 
 are rich’.y dressed, Wilkes having an embroi- 
 dered waistcoat, and Serjeant Glynn a waist- 
 coat with decoration of gold braid. Both men 
 are wearing lace ruffles and lace cravats. P. 
 
 Portrait of the owner’s great-great-grandfather, 
 Benjamin Collins, of Milford, Salisbury. Half- 
 length, life-size. Not seen. 
 
 Representation of a house in Lucknow with 
 native figures in the foreground. The picture 
 is set in a mantelshelf in the house. P. 
 
 Group representing three men, two women and 
 a child, all members of the Townshend family. 
 The child is resting by his mother’s knee. 
 She has a book spread open before her, from 
 which she has evidently been reading to him. 
 One man and a lady stand by an open window, 
 the man directing attention to the view. The 
 other two men stand behind the mother, one 
 of them resting his hands on her chair. A 
 bookcase and screen are near by. P. 
 
 Portrait of James Quin, the Actor (1693-1766). 
 Half-length standing figure, in scarlet coat and 
 white satin waistcoat. Right hand in pocket, 
 left hand resting in waistcoat. Grey wig. 
 Canvas 35 x 27. 
 
 This was sold at the Quilter sale at Christie’s, 
 July 9, 1909, Lot 98, 190 guineas (. see p. 166). 
 
GROUP REPRESENTING SIR MATTHEW RIDLEY AND A FRIEND 
 

APPENDIX 
 
 229 
 
 Reid, Mrs. Whitelaw. 
 New York. 
 
 Revelstoke, Lord. 
 3, Carlton House 
 Terrace , 
 London. 
 
 Ribblesdale, Lord. 
 Cavendish Hotel, 
 Jermyn Street. 
 
 Rice, Admiral Sir 
 Ernest, K.C.B. 
 Silbertswold Place , 
 Dover, 
 
 Kent. 
 
 Ridley, Viscount. 
 
 10, Carlton House 
 Terrace. 
 
 Group representing Mr. and Mrs. Ridgway. 
 Sold to her by Leggatt Bros., who obtained it 
 from Agnew’s. 
 
 Two pictures representing the Flower Girl and 
 Watercress Girl, said to represent Jane Wallis. 
 Both of which have been engraved. 49 x 40 
 each. 
 
 N.B. — These pictures at one time belonged to 
 Mr. Moberly Bell, the editor of The Times. 
 They were bought by Mr. Baring about four- 
 teen years ago from Colnaghi’s. 
 
 Portrait of Lunardi the balloonist (1759-1806) 
 giving a display at Windsor Castle. 
 
 Small full-length figure in uniform, standing in a 
 landscape, pointing with his left hand to a 
 balloon, which is seen in the sky hovering above 
 Windsor Castle. His right hand holds a three- 
 cornered hat, and rests on the muzzle of a gun. 
 On the collar of a black dog beside him is 
 inscribed his name. His uniform is a red coat 
 with green breeches. In the distance is a 
 group of persons, members of the Royal 
 Family, who are viewing the balloon. Bought 
 from Agnew’s. Canvas 38 x 28. 
 
 R.A., 1908. (This now belongs to Messrs, 
 Knoedler & Co.) P. 
 
 Portrait of a child (or woman resembling a child) 
 full-length in blue, carrying a bouquet of 
 flowers. 15 x 14. 
 
 Jane Austen (1775-1817) as a young girl in white 
 holding a sunshade. 
 
 Group of two men, one of whom, the standing 
 figure, is Sir Mathew Ridley. The other was 
 one of his friends. The picture was painted 
 in Italy. P. 
 
230 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Rothschild, Miss Portrait of Sir James Cockburn, G.C.H., eighth 
 Alice. Baronet of Langton, Under-Secretary of State, 
 
 Waddesden Manor , 1806, Governor of Curacoa, 1807, and subse- 
 
 Bucks. quently of Bermuda, with his daughter and 
 
 only child, Mariana, who in 1834 was married 
 to Sir J. J. Hamilton, Bart. Langton is repre- 
 sented in the background of the picture. P. 
 
 From the bequest of pictures made to the National 
 Gallery 7 by Lady Hamilton in 1892 and removed 
 thence in 1900 as it was found that the Testator 
 had no power to bequeath them, and they were 
 ceded to the nine co-heiresses of Sir James 
 Cockburn and then sold. 
 
 Portrait of John Frederick Sackville, third Duke 
 of Dorset, and Mr. Petley at Riverhead House, 
 with their dog and horse, standing near to a 
 stone vase on a pedestal and under a large 
 tree. 
 
 Roundell, Colonel 
 Richard. 
 Gledstone, 
 
 Near Skipton- 
 in- Craven. 
 
 Portrait group representing Mr. Richard Roundell 
 {circa 1740-72), Mr., afterwards Sir Henry, 
 Dashwood, Bart., of Kirklington Park, Oxford 
 (1745-1828), the Hon. Thomas Noel, after- 
 wards second Viscount Wentworth {ob. 1815), 
 and Mr. Walter R. B. Hawkesworth, afterwards 
 Fawks (1748-92). Gentlemen Commoners of 
 Christchurch, Oxford, at the same time and 
 great friends. 
 
 The four men are in a garden on the banks of 
 the Isis, with a view of Oxford in the distance, 
 Mr. Hawkesworth on the right, Mr. Dashwood 
 in the middle, both in hunting dress, the other 
 two, of whom the tall one in the centre of the 
 group is Mr. Noel. Canvas 49 \ x 3 %b 
 
 In the above group Mr. Hawkesworth is in a 
 red coat, white breeches, brown hunting 
 boots and carries his hat and whip in his 
 hand. Sir Henry Dashwood is in a blue coat 
 with white breeches, brown gloves, hat and 
 whip. Mr. Noel is in a grey suit, with a claret- 
 coloured gown over it. Mr. Roundell is in a 
 buff coat with red breeches, and also wears a 
 
Coll, of Mr. Thomas E . Yorke 
 
 GROUP REPRESENTING MR. JOHN YORKE AND HIS FRIEND, COLONEL 
 
 COORE FISHING 
 
 Coll, of M iss A lice de Rothschild 
 
 PORTRAIT OF THE DUKE OF DORSET AND A FRIEND. MR. PETLKY 
 AT RIVERHF.AD HOUSE 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 231 
 
 Royal College of 
 Music. 
 
 London. 
 
 Saville, Major R. C. 
 Ladbroke House , 
 Leamington . 
 
 Sayer, Lady. 
 
 Onslow Crescent. 
 
 claret-coloured gown, which appears to be 
 trimmed with velvet. 
 
 The scene is in a stone summer-house and there 
 is a round table, on which a bottle and some 
 glasses are introduced. 
 
 Portrait of Thomas Jackson (1715-1781) the 
 composer, in blue coat, holding in his hand a 
 piece of music. 29! x 24! . 
 
 Sold at Christie’s, March 17, 1916, and bought 
 by Mr. A. F. Hill, who presented it to the 
 College. 
 
 Picture entitled “ A Minuet,” representing two 
 figures dancing a minuet with three others 
 looking on, the background being the sea. 
 Circa 24 x 18. P. 
 
 Group of three persons in a garden, with the 
 family house in the distance, representing the 
 owner’s great-grandfather with his father and 
 mother. The young man is standing, and 
 wears a blue coat with gold buttons, bluish silk 
 stockings and a white vest. He holds his hat 
 in one hand, and a stick in the other. His 
 mother, who is seated next to him, is in a 
 brown silk gown, with a white muslin over- 
 dress, holds an open book in one hand, and 
 with the other nurses her small black Blenheim 
 spaniel, who is seated upon her lap. She wears 
 a high white cap and black mittens. 
 
 The old gentleman is seated near to her, and is 
 leaning one hand upon his hat, which is sup- 
 ported by his stick. He is wearing a blue coat 
 with white buttons and lace ruffles, white silk 
 stockings and black buckled shoes. P. 
 
 Another group of five persons, representing the 
 owner’s great-grandfather, with his wife and 
 child, her grandfather, also her great-great- 
 grandfather and a Madame de Pougens, who 
 was a Miss Sayer. 
 
 The old man and the lady are seated on the 
 branch of a tree, the young man and Madame 
 
232 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, RA. 
 
 Seafield, The 
 Countess of. 
 Castle Grant , 
 Strathspey . 
 (The pictures are at 
 Cullen House.) 
 
 de Pougens stand near by. The old man is in 
 black, with white silk stockings and black shoes, 
 has his hat resting upon his knee, and is holding 
 a stick in one hand. The lady seated next to 
 him is in white with a blue bow and a blue 
 hat, and yellow gloves. The baby on her knee 
 is in white with a red sash. At her feet sits a 
 black-and-white dog. Madame de Pougens is 
 in a white costume, and carries a black shawl 
 over her arm. She has a blue bonnet on her 
 head, and carries a blue parasol, and she wears 
 yellow gloves. 
 
 The young man, who is next to his wife, leaning 
 over her, is in a blue coat, pale blue vest and 
 brown boots. There is a view of a landscape 
 in the distance. P. 
 
 Portrait of James Saver, son of Robert Sayer 
 the print-seller, at the age of thirteen standing 
 by a stream, taking a fish off the hook. He 
 wears a blue coat with white buttons, yellow 
 breeches, black boots, and near by, on the 
 ground, lies his black laced hat and a fish 
 basket. 
 
 This picture was engraved in mezzotint by R. 
 Houston and published by Robert Sayer, his 
 father, in 1772. P. 
 
 Single portraits representing Sir Thomas Grant 
 and his wife. 
 
 Sir Thomas Grant was born in 1738 and died in 
 1 S 1 1 at the age of seventy-three. At different 
 periods he represented the counties of Murray 
 and Banff in Parliament. He was Lord Lieu- 
 tenant of Inverness from 1794 to 1809. At the 
 time of the threatened invasion by Bonaparte, 
 he provided arms and accoutrements for seven 
 hundred men of his clan and tenantry entirely 
 at his own expense. 
 
 His wife Jane was the daughter of Alexander 
 Duff of Hatton by Lady Anne Duff, the eldest 
 daughter of William, first Earl of Fife. They 
 were married in 1763, and she died in 1805. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Shakespeare Memo- 
 rial Theatre. 
 
 Sherborne, Lord. 
 
 Shrewsbury Museum. 
 
 Simeon, Laura, Lady. 
 Swainston, 
 Newport, 
 
 I. of Wight. 
 
 233 
 
 She bore a very high character amongst the 
 family and neighbours. Not seen by us. 
 
 David Garrick and his wife playing picquet. 
 Garrick is in a white coat with green and gold 
 waistcoat, Mrs. Garrick in a rose-coloured 
 dress ornamented with white lace. 41 x 32. 
 
 Whitechapel, 1906 (176); 1910 (16). 
 
 The picture was presented to the theatre by Mr. 
 Algernon Graves, and had hitherto been known 
 as a Zoffany. Many critics are, however, of 
 opinion that it is the work of Allan Ramsay. 
 
 The Dutton family group, representing Mr. and 
 Mrs. Dutton, their son James, first Lord 
 Sherborne, who married Miss Coke, and their 
 daughter Jane, who married Thomas Coke, of 
 Holkham, afterwards Earl of Leicester. Mr. 
 Dutton and his son and daughter are seated 
 around a mahogany card-table, playing at cards. 
 Mrs. Dutton is seated by the fire-place reading, 
 but has for a moment put down her book 
 to look at her son’s cards, which he holds out 
 to her. There are pictures and a girandole on 
 the wall, and near the fire-place is a pole- 
 screen painted in flowers. The mantelpiece 
 is a fine carved marble one, and on it are 
 some ornaments and a bust. 39I x 50. P. 
 
 R.A., 1907 (143). 
 
 Half-length portrait of John Gwyn, R.A. Said 
 to be a native of Shrewsbury 7 , architect of the 
 English bridge in that town, erected in 1774, 
 and of bridges in Worcester and Oxford. He 
 died in Worcester in 1776, and appears to have 
 been about fifty-five years old when the portrait 
 was painted. The face only is finished, the 
 rest of the picture left in a more or less incom- 
 plete condition. 30 x 25. Not seen by us. 
 
 It is attributed in the catalogue to Zoffany. 
 
 Group representing a handsome room with a 
 card-table and two men playing cards. One 
 is stated to be Mr. John Simeon, and he is 
 wearing a plum-coloured suit, the other in 
 
234 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 uniform is his brother-in-law, Colonel Cornwall. 
 The picture was painted before 1794. The 
 room may possibly represent one of the rooms 
 at 60, Queen Anne Street, or perhaps in the 
 country house, Walliscote, near Reading. 
 36 x 39. P. 
 
 Sinclair, Henry, Esq. 
 Dalkey Lodge , 
 
 Dal key , 
 
 Dublin . 
 
 Smart, Mrs. 
 
 56, Leinster Square. 
 
 Smith, R. Oswald, 
 Esq. 
 
 23, Albemarle St., 
 London, XV. 
 
 Spitta, Dr. 
 
 41, Vent nor Villas, 
 Hove. 
 
 Portrait of Marcus Saville Taylor of the Hon. 
 East India Company, painted by Zoffany in 
 India. Mr. M. S. Taylor was a friend of 
 Warren Hastings, and his portrait also appears 
 in Zoffany’s group of Colonel Mordaunt’s 
 Cock-fight ( see p. 94). P. 
 
 Family group, representing Mr. and Mrs. Hodg- 
 son and their family. He was a merchant of 
 17, Coleman Street, and of Bowles, Chigwell, 
 Essex, and great-grandfather of the present 
 owner. He holds in his hand a paper bearing 
 an inscription “ To the Commissioners of 
 relief to American Prisoners.” There is in the 
 background a mantelpiece, upon which is 
 represented a pair of black Wedgwood vases, 
 one of which is still in the possession of the 
 owner of the picture, and a centre-piece. 
 Circa 36 x 57. 
 
 Pair of portraits representing Colonel Campbell 
 and his wife. Purchased some years ago from 
 a dealer. Two copies of these pictures ap- 
 peared at Christie’s lately, but were withdrawn. 
 
 Colonel Campbell is in military uniform, a red 
 coat with black and white facings, white 
 breeches, and wears a wig. He has a fob 
 with some seals, which is rather a prominent 
 object in the picture. Mrs. Campbell wears 
 a white dress, and a white fichu with black 
 trimming, a blue sash and blue bows. Her 
 hair is brown, and she holds a book in her 
 hand. 
 
 This person is said to have a painting by Zoffany. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 235 
 
 Stallard, Mrs. 
 Arthur. 
 
 22, Campden 
 Grove , 
 Kensington , 
 W. 8 . 
 
 Steuart, Sir Douglas 
 A. Seton, Bart. 
 Touch , 
 
 Cambusbarron, 
 
 Stirling. 
 
 Strachey, R. S., Esq. 
 Ashwick Grove, 
 Oakhill, 
 
 Bath. 
 
 Teignmouth, Lord. 
 
 Thayer, Mrs. B. 
 Boston, U.S.A. 
 
 Thomas, Mrs. R. D. 
 45, Thnrloe 
 Square. 
 
 Portrait of Richard Bird, Solicitor, born at 
 Chulmleigh, Devon, February 8, 1802, died 
 July 2, 1842. 
 
 Portrait in pastel said to have been executed from 
 a miniature by Zoffany. Recently presented 
 to the Victoria and Albert Museum. 
 
 Portrait of Miss Farren, afterwards Lady Derby, 
 standing near to a pedestal on which she rests 
 her hand. She is in a long, flowing costume of 
 satin and gauze. Full-length. P. 
 
 The Countess of Derby is represented as “ Her- 
 mione ” in the Winter's Tale, and is standing, 
 full-face, with her arm on a cabinet. The 
 picture was engraved in mezzotint by Fisher 
 and published by Sayer and Bennett, 1781. 
 
 Picture representing Colonel Martin’s Cock- 
 fight. Painted in 1786 in Lucknow for the 
 Nawab Wazir, and presented to Mr. Richard 
 Strachey by Ghazi-ul-Din-Hyder in 1817. 
 
 Portrait of the Nawab Wazir of Oudh ( see p. 80). 
 This was presented to Sir John Shore by the 
 Nawab himself. He had previously tried, but 
 wholly in vain, to bribe “ honest John Shore ” 
 by the offer of a vast sum of money. This 
 having been refused (see p. 93), Shore was 
 compelled to accept some gift, and therefore 
 selected this picture by Zoffany. 
 
 Portrait of a boy, bought from Agnew and said 
 to be by Zoffany. 
 
 Portrait of the Venerable the Rev. Matthias D’Oyly, 
 Rector of Uckfield, Sussex, Archdeacon of 
 Lewes, and Prebendary of Ely Cathedral, born 
 1743, died 1816. He was father of Sir John 
 D’Oyly, the Official Resident at Kandy, Ceylon, 
 who was created a Baronet in 1821, and died 
 unmarried in 1824. H e represented in black, 
 holding a hat and stick, and in the rear is a 
 view of Buxted, where many of his ancestors 
 were buried. Rectangular. Circa 30 x 20. 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. D’Oyly, Mary, daughter of 
 George Poughfer of Leicester. She married 
 
236 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Tooth, Messrs. A. & 
 Sons. 
 
 155, New Bond 
 Street. 
 
 Travers, J. L., Esq. 
 Bredgar House , 
 Bredgar, 
 
 Kent. 
 
 Trinity House. 
 Trinity Square , 
 London. 
 
 Tweeddale, Marquis 
 of. 
 
 Tester , 
 
 Scotland. 
 
 the Archdeacon of Lewes in May 1770. She is 
 represented standing, wearing a costume of 
 blue trimmed with white lace, and has a high 
 headdress ornamented with pearls. 
 
 Portrait of George, third Earl Cowper, in the act 
 of taking off his hat in smiling recognition of a 
 friend who is passing him. Painted in Flor- 
 ence. P. 
 
 Picture representing William Smith, M.P. for 
 Norwich, 1756-1835, as a boy, and his father, 
 Samuel Smith, then head of the firm which is 
 now Travers & Co., in which he was succeeded 
 by his son William. 
 
 The father is represented seated at a table, 
 holding a paper-covered book in his hand, and 
 b) his side, on the table, is a richly-bound 
 volume. The boy is looking towards his 
 father and is apparently engaged in sketching ; 
 one hand is upon an open sketch-book, and 
 with the other he appears to be dipping a 
 pencil into some Indian ink. Near by, on 
 the table, is a pair of dividers. The boy is in 
 a dark coat with lace frill at the neck and cuffs. 
 The father wears a richly ornamented waist- 
 coat trimmed with gold braid, a handsome 
 coat with gilt buttons, white stockings and 
 black shoes. The picture is referred to in a 
 privately printed work entitled Past and Present 
 in an old Firm, and there is a reference to 
 William Smith, M.P., in the Dictionary of 
 National Biography. 
 
 Portrait of the fourth Earl of Sandwich. See 
 copy of same in National Portrait Gallery. 
 
 Picture representing the Cock-fight at Lucknow. 
 Sold at Daylesford House sale, 1853, for 215 
 guineas to Colonel Dawkins, and at his sale in 
 1898 to the family of its present owner for 
 210 guineas through Agnew’s. 40 x 60. 
 
 B.I., 1862 (201). 
 
 Whitechapel Exhibition, 1908 (9). 
 

 I 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 
 o 
 
 Si 
 
 z 
 
 o 
 
 z 
 
 z 
 
 < 
 
 u 
 
 z 
 
 Z 
 
 z 
 
 < 
 
 D 
 
 (/) 
 
 w 
 
 < 
 
 co 
 
 CO 
 
 Z 
 
 co 
 
 CQ 
 
 >* 
 
 z 
 
 w 
 
 u 
 
 o 
 
 rS 
 
 
 Z 
 
 o 
 
 z 
 
 o 
 
 z 
 
 z 
 
 o 
 
 Ph 
 
 w 
 
 K 
 
 ffi 
 
 CO 
 
 z 
 
 z 
 
 D 
 
 < 
 
 CO 
 
 O 
 
 Z 
 
 r 0 
 
 1 
 
 
 HIW s'# 
 
 STREET, AND HIS SON WILLIAM (1756-1835), WHO SUCCEEDED HIM AS HEAD OF THE FIRM AND BECAME M.P. FOR NORWICH 
 (The business eventually became Travers & Sons, and under that name is still in existence.) 
 

Photo by the courtesy of “ The Connoisseur ” 
 PORTRAIT OF WILLIAM LOCH 
 
 ATTRIBUTED TO ZOFFANY 
 

 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 237 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Portrait of William Lock. Sold at Robinson and 
 Fisher’s, March 23, 1910. Lot 154. 50 x 40. 
 
 See Connoisseur , XXVIII. 319. Sold for 
 
 £50 
 
 Portrait of Robert Price of Foxley, Hereford. 
 Engraved by Basire in 1810. 
 
 Price married in 1764, Sarah, daughter of John, 
 first Viscount Barrington. He was the father 
 of Sir Uvedale Price, author of Essays on the 
 Picturesque . The picture was at one time in 
 the possession of his son, Major William Price 
 of the Third Dragoons, Vice-Chamberlain to 
 Queen Charlotte, and Master of St. Katherine’s 
 Hospital, who died unmarried in 1817. 
 
 Some of the Price pictures were sold at Christie’s 
 in May 1893, including one of Lady Caroline 
 by Reynolds, but the Zoffany w T as not included 
 in the sale. 
 
 Portrait of David Garrick in plum-coloured coat 
 with red vest, holding a plan in his hand, 
 which appears to resemble that of the Colosseum 
 of Rome. Probably painted after Garrick’s 
 return from Italy. He often mentions the 
 Colosseum in his letters. 29 J x 24I-. 
 
 Sold at Christie’s, item 78, March 17, 1916. 
 
 Portrait of Abraham Vickery, Esq., a Principal 
 Clerk at the Bank of England, in grey coat, 
 white vest and buff breeches, standing with a 
 paper in his hand ; his assistant behind a 
 counter on the left. 35 b x 271- 
 
 Portrait of George IV at the age of sixteen, in 
 brown coat, with blue surcoat, holding his 
 stick and hat. 35 \ x 27. 
 
 Offered at Christie’s on Friday, June 23, 1916. 
 Lot 77, and bought in. 
 
 Three portraits by Zoffany from the J. H. Leigh 
 collection, were sold at Christie’s, July 7, 1916. 
 They were not very important works, and were 
 described in the catalogue as follows — 
 
238 
 
 J 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 ( Believed to be a Mr. 
 Campden). 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 (In India.) 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 OHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 “ (157) Mr. Garrick and Mrs. Pritchard in the 
 Tragedy of Macbeth , Act II, Scene iii. 39 x 49^. 
 
 Engraved by Valentine Green. 
 
 Garrick is in a red coat richly trimmed with gold 
 braid, Mrs. Pritchard in black, trimmed with 
 fur, and wearing pearls. 
 
 (158) David Garrick as Richard III with Norfolk. 
 The Battle Scene. 49 x 39. 
 
 Both actors are in richly striped and slashed 
 costumes. 
 
 (159) Portrait of Mrs. Pritchard, in blue decolletd 
 dress, trimmed with white lace, holding a 
 miniature in her right hand. 29^ x 24^.” 
 
 There was sold at Puttick & Simpson’s rooms, 
 April 25, 1917, a portrait group by Zoffany of 
 Sir John C. Lettsom and his family (see as to 
 Dr. Lettsom, Nollekens, I. 87). 
 
 There was sold at the Watson Taylor sale in 
 1832 a full-length miniature by Zoffany of 
 C. Anstey, the author of the Bath guide. 
 
 Portrait ofMary Bellamy, actress, sold at Christie’s, 
 January 1917, represented in yellow dress with 
 yellow sleeves, blue cape, headdress and scarf 
 and feathers, and holding a mask. Lot 248. 
 28^ x 23L 
 
 A portrait of Jacob Wilkinson, a Calcutta mer- 
 chant, in a green coat and grey vest, and with 
 a very ruddy face. 
 
 Sold at Christie’s to Peacock of Duke Street, 
 March 14, 1919. Lot 44. 
 
 The Lute Player, in a green coat. 29 x 24. 
 
 Sold at Christie’s, February 28, 1919. Lot 81. 
 
 Colonel Ffarrington in a plain coloured coat 
 holding his watch and a book, perhaps a music 
 score. 34 x 27^. 
 
 Sold at Christie’s, November 21, 1913. Lot 104. 
 Portrait of a sculptor in green coat resting his 
 right hand upon the sculptured head of an old 
 man. 29! x 24^. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 239 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Vansittart, D. N., 
 Esq. 
 
 Shottesbrook 
 House . 
 
 Berks. 
 
 Verney, Harry L., 
 Esq., C.V.O. 
 
 1 , Rutland Gar- 
 dens, 
 
 London. 
 
 Victoria and Albert 
 Museum. 
 
 Sold at Christie’s, July 13, 1901. 
 
 Portrait of Count Stacpoole holding a book. In 
 a blue coat, nearly full-face. 20 x 2;. 
 (^39 l8 *-) 
 
 Sold at Christie’s, February 1, 1902. 
 
 A young man with a black servant (£44 25.). 
 
 In the possession of Mr. E. B. Jupp in 1871, 
 there was a drawing of a man and dog by 
 Zoffany, with an autograph letter from Zoffany 
 to Messrs. Raikes & Co., January 26, 1798, and 
 an engraved portrait after Dance. 
 
 Portrait of Henry Vansittart, junior, of the Hon- 
 ourable Artillery Company’s Bengal Estab- 
 lishment (1771-1786). There is a photograph 
 of this picture at the India Office in room 86. 
 
 Portrait group of three figures, representing the 
 Hon. Charles Hope Vere, youngest son of the 
 first Earl of Hopetoun, great-grandfather of 
 the present owner, in the scarlet dress of the 
 Archers, with his bow and arrows beside him, 
 and a book in his hand. Married 1782. Lady 
 Christian Graham in lavender with white cap, 
 represented as reading the Gazette Extra- 
 ordinary, dated London, 1782, containing a 
 report of the battle of Gibraltar which was 
 the first naval engagement of the old gentle- 
 man’s son, who became Admiral Sir George 
 Hope ; and Lady Charlotte Erskine, afterwards 
 Lady Mar, in black, with white lace cap. 
 
 In the rear of the picture is a pole-screen with a 
 view upon it of the family seat of Blackwood. 
 This belongs to one branch of the family. The 
 little round table depicted in the front of the 
 group is in the possession of the owner of the 
 picture. P. 
 
 Drawing of two male figures attributed to 
 Zoffany. 
 
240 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 A man is seated at a table holding a drawing to 
 which his son has called his attention. The 
 son stands with his left arm resting on the 
 back of his father’s chair, black chalk, faces in 
 red. iOjA x nfV. Dyce collection. P. 
 There are some slight sketches on the reverse. 
 
 Vienna. Portrait of the Archduchess Maria Christina, born 
 
 Royal Picture 1742, married 1766 to Archduke Albert of 
 
 Gallery. Saxony, died 1798. She is represented seated, 
 
 and has a pet dog in her lap. Her arm rests on 
 a table on which is a Greek statuette of marble. 
 In her bracelet is set a miniature of her husband. 
 There is a curtain behind her, and a landscape 
 in the distance. 13 1 x 94. P. No. 1590. 
 
 Group representing four of the grand-children 
 of the Empress Maria Theresa, children of 
 of Ferdinand of Parma and Maria Emilia. 
 
 (1) Ludwig (1773-1803) called King of Etruria. 
 
 (2) Marie Antonie (1774-1841). Abbess of 
 
 the Ursuline nuns. 
 
 (3) Karoline (1770-1804), wife of Maximilian 
 
 of Saxony. 
 
 (4) Charlotte (1777-1825). 
 
 In the picture is represented a letter which is 
 addressed “ A L’Imperatrice Reine, Ma Dame 
 et Grande Mere.” Believed to have been 
 painted in 1778. 1,59 x 1,85. No. 1591. 
 
 Group representing the Archduke Leopold of 
 Tuscanv and his family. He was the son 
 of the Empress Maria Theresa, born 1747, 
 died 1792. His wife, Maria, was the daughter 
 of Charles III of Spain, born 1745, married 
 1765, died 1792. She had sixteen children, 
 of whom eight are in the picture. 
 
 The eight children are — 
 
 (1) Joseph (1776-1847). 
 
 (2) Leopold (1772-1795). 
 
 (3) Theresa (1767-1827). 
 
 (4) Karl ( i 77 i - i 847)> 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 241 
 
 (5) Maria Klementina (1777-1801). 
 
 (6) Maria Anna (1770-1809). 
 
 (7) Franz (1768—182 ^) ; Emperor in 1792. 
 
 (8) Ferdinand (1769-1824). 
 
 3,25 x 3,98. 
 
 Portrait of the Emperor Joseph II. 
 
 Portrait of the Empress Maria Theresa. 
 
 Wallis & Son. Portrait group representing the Hunt Breakfast 
 
 The French Gallery, at Mr. Palmer’s house, Holme Park, Berks. 
 
 120, Pall Mall. The persons represented are as follows — 
 
 Sir Richard Aldworth of Stanlake Park, Berks, is 
 standing by the breakfast-table, holding his hat 
 and whip in his hand. 
 
 On the opposite side of the breakfast-table is 
 seated Mr. Robert Palmer, M.P., owner of the 
 house, and near by, on a chair, is his dog Tiny. 
 
 Sir Thomas Beauchamp Proctor, of Langley 
 Park, Norwich, is standing near to Mr. Palmer, 
 placing one hand upon his friend’s shoulder, 
 and resting the other on the chair on which 
 Tiny is seated. 
 
 On the other side of the chair stands Mr. Francis 
 Pym, M.P., of the Hassells, Bedfordshire. He 
 is reading a newspaper. 
 
 N.B . — Sir Richard Aldworth, Sir Thomas Beau- 
 champ Proctor, and Sir Francis Pym were all 
 three sons-in-law to Mr. Palmer. 
 
 Next to him, and seated on the extreme right of 
 the picture is the Duke of Bedford, while 
 immediately opposite to him, seated on the 
 extreme left of the picture, near to the standing 
 figure of Sir Richard Aldworth, is the Duke of 
 Grafton. 
 
 All the gentlemen are in hunting costume. On 
 the breakfast-table, which is covered with a 
 white cloth, is a large silver urn, a teapot, some 
 cups and saucers and other things. 
 
 The picture is a large one. 44 x 34 ! • p - 
 
 Standing portrait of William Burton, represented 
 out of doors under a tree, leaning his arm on a 
 
242 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 stone pedestal. Opposite to him is a small 
 statuette, and near to his feet is a fragment of 
 sculpture, representing three figures and a 
 broken column. He is in a rich costume, 
 trimmed with gold braid, and with lace ruffles, 
 and holds his hat in his hand. P. 
 
 (This now belongs to Agnew’s.) 
 
 Wallop, Hon. Frederic. Group representing Mr. and Mrs. Palmer and 
 Bachelors' Club , their daughter, afterwards Mrs. Landon, of 
 and 39, Eaton Terrace , Dorney Court, Bucks. She is represented 
 London. having a drawing lesson from her father. 
 
 Mrs. Palmer wears a blue silk dress, and is 
 busily engaged in needlework. They are all 
 seated at a round table. 36 x 28. P. 
 
 Sold at Christie’s, May 31, 1902 (£199 10s.) 
 
 Group representing Samuel Foote as Major 
 Sturgeon, standing with Sir J. Jollop. This 
 is evidently the original from which the mezzo- 
 tint by J. G. Haid was executed, published by 
 Boydell in 1765. 30 x 21. 
 
 Once the property of Sir Guy Laking. 
 
 Whitechapel Gallery, 1910. 
 
 Mr. Wallop has also a miniature by Zoffany. 
 
 Portrait of a gentleman unknown. Bust, three- 
 quarters to the left, wearing blue coat with 
 gilt buttons, striped waistcoat with lapel turned 
 back over coat, white neckcloth and frilled 
 shirt, hair powdered, face clean-shaven, blue 
 eyes, and fresh complexion ; light admitted 
 from the top right hand. Ivory 2 \ x 1 1 
 signed “ zoffany Pinxt. 1781 ” ; in gold locket, 
 with plaited hair and the initial F. at the 
 back. P. 
 
 Waters, Mrs. 
 Ails a, 
 
 IVendover. 
 
 This lady is believed to possess a portrait of a 
 lady by Zoffany, painted in India. 
 
 Watson, The Rev. 
 Wentworth. 
 Rockingham 
 Castle, 
 
 Uppingham. 
 
 Group representing three boys, Lewis, Henry, 
 and George, the latter being the grandfather 
 of the owner, the children of the first Lord 
 Sondes. They are depicted as playing under 
 a big tree, one boy having a curious sort of bat 
 
of the late Mr. Asher Wertheimer 
 
 PORTRAIT OF THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R.A. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 243 
 
 Watts, Mrs. 
 
 Hanslope Park , 
 Stony Stratford, 
 Bucks. 
 
 in one hand, and a cricket-ball in the other, the 
 second holding a squirrel, which the smallest, 
 who is in girlish costume, is feeding with nuts. 
 There is another bat, represented as lying on 
 the ground. P. 
 
 There appears to be no date to the picture, but 
 the children were born respectively in 1754, 
 1755 and 1768. 
 
 William Watts, Governor of Fort 
 Bengal, standing, in official 
 
 in 
 
 Wertheimer, Asher, 
 Esq., Exors. of. 
 New Bond Street. 
 
 Portrait of 
 William 
 costume. 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Watts, called “ the Begum 
 Johnson,” was a Miss Crooke, and after the 
 death of Mr. Watts married a Bengal chaplain, 
 the Rev. W. Johnson. One of her daughters 
 became Countess of Liverpool. P. 
 
 Portrait of Mr. Watts represented in the act of 
 negotiating the treaty of 1757 with Mir Jafar 
 and his son Miran. This picture is reproduced 
 in S. C. Hill’s Bengal in 1756-57. P. 
 
 Zoffany was not in India in 1757, but it is stated 
 that Mr. Watts desired that this treaty with 
 which he was concerned should be introduced 
 into the picture. 
 
 Portrait of Gainsborough in grey coat edged with 
 fur, scarlet vest, dark breeches, and white 
 stockings. Seated figure, holding a crayon and a 
 drawing, and with books on a table by his side. 
 50 x 40. 
 
 Bought at Christie’s, May 10, 1912. P. 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Garrick, dressed in a white satin 
 dress, blue waistcoat with silver braid and 
 buttons, and orange-coloured short coat, and 
 holding a mask in her hand. In her hair is 
 twisted a white scarf. 49 x 39. 
 
 Bought at Christie’s, May 19, 1911. P. 
 
 At one time he had also a portrait of Garrick. 
 
 Whitehead Frederick, Small oval portrait of the actor Parsons. 
 Esq. 10 x 7. 
 
 174, Belsize Road, 
 
 N.W. 
 
 Circa 
 
244 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Whitney, Mrs. Payne. Portrait group representing five sporting gentle- 
 New York. men, Edmund, Earl of Cork, Mr. Bingham, 
 
 the Rev. Charles Digby, Colonel Cox, and the 
 Rev. Mr. Hume. 
 
 Grouped beneath a stone pedestal, on which is a 
 figure representing the river Tiber, and close 
 to a stone seat on which one of the gentlemen 
 (Colonel Cox) is seated. Three are standing 
 behind the stone seat, one of them (Mr. Hume) 
 leaning over its back, and holding his hat and 
 a whip in his hand. The middle one (Mr. 
 Digby) is holding out his hat, and the one near- 
 est the stone figure (Mr. Bingham) rests his 
 hands on the shoulders of the man in the middle. 
 The seated figure has his hat and whip by his 
 side, and rests one hand on the head of a dog. 
 There are two other dogs in the picture, both 
 of which are looking up at the youngest man 
 of the five (Lord Cork), who is holding out 
 his hand to one of the dogs, and with the other 
 holds his whip behind his back. He is the 
 only one of the five wearing his hat. In the 
 distance is a country landscape. 40 x 50. P. 
 
 Wilkinson, Rev. B. G. Portrait of his great-grandmother, and his grand- 
 The Rectory , mother as a babv. The mother, Mrs. Robert 
 
 Pimp erne, Bathurst, is seated on a sofa, holding the child’s 
 
 Blandford. hand, and behind stands an ayah with a tam- 
 
 bourine. The child was Catherine, who after- 
 wards married J. E. Wilkinson. Painted about 
 1800. Not seen bv us. 
 
 Williamson, 
 
 Dr. G. C. 
 
 Burgh House , 
 Hampstead , 
 London. 
 
 Portrait of David Garrick drawn in pencil and 
 wash. P. From the Garrick Sale in 1823. 
 Oval 8 x 61. 
 
 Willoughby de Broke, Group representing John, fourteenth Lord 
 Lord. Willoughby de Broke, his wife, Lady Louisa 
 
 North, daughter of Francis, first Earl of Guild- 
 ford, and sister to Lord North, and their three 
 children. 
 
Coll, of Sir Wm. L. Young, Bari 
 
 THE CHILDREN OF SIR WM. YOUNG, isi BARONET AND GOVERNOR OF DOMINICA 
 

APPENDIX 
 
 245 
 
 Winter, Miss, 
 
 The Late. 
 Nether Worton 
 Hall, 
 
 John, his successor. 
 
 Henry, afterwards sixteenth Baron, who married 
 Margaret, daughter of Sir John Williams, 
 and Louisa, who married the Rev. Albert 
 Barnard, Prebendary of Winchester, and be- 
 came mother of Robert John, seventeenth 
 Baron. 
 
 Lord Willoughby is in brown coat and breeches, 
 red waistcoat, heavily trimmed with deep gold 
 lace, white stockings, short white wig with side 
 curls, and is represented leaning against the 
 back of a chair in which Lady Willoughby is 
 seated, and shaking his finger at the second 
 child, who is standing at the left side of the 
 table and helping itself to a piece of hot 
 buttered toast. 
 
 Lady Willoughby is seated. She wears a blue 
 silk dress, powdered hair, large pearl earrings, 
 long white mittens, and blue and white ruffs 
 round her neck, and she is holding the youngest 
 child, who stands with one foot on the table, 
 against her right shoulder. 
 
 The third child is on the right, dragging a red 
 wooden horse on wheels. 
 
 All three children are in long white dresses, 
 short sleeves, blue or pink sashes, and red 
 morocco shoes. The table at which they are 
 seated has upon it a white table-cloth, a service 
 of tea-things and a large silver urn, which latter 
 is still preserved at Compton Verney. A fire is 
 burning in the open grate, and over the carved 
 chimneypiece is a landscape in the style of 
 Joseph Vernet. P. 
 
 Birmingham, 1903 (62). 
 
 Whitechapel, 1906 (31). 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Warren Hastings, great-aunt 
 of the owner of the picture. Full-length. 
 
 A fine portrait, representing the lady in a blue 
 silk dress. It is illustrated in S. C. Grier’s 
 
 Steeple Aston, Letters of Warren Hastings, opposite p. 247 
 Oxon. (see p. 98). 
 
246 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Wyndham-Quin, Lady Portrait group representing Mr. Charles Wyndham 
 Eva. holding his son, Mr. Thomas Wyndham, by 
 
 Castle Lewis, the hand. The father is represented in a black 
 
 Carrick-on-Suir. coat and white stock, and wears buckle shoes. 
 
 The boy, aged twelve, is in a green coat with 
 lace at the neck and sleeves. Not seen by us. 
 Portrait is 8 to 10 feet high. 
 
 Yarborough, The 
 Earl of. 
 
 17, Arlington Street. 
 
 Yates, Mrs. Park. 
 lnce Hall, 
 Chester. 
 
 Group representing Garrick in The Farmer's 
 Return. He is seated. A woman near by is 
 giving the news, and another woman and a boy 
 are listening in amusement. The scene is in a 
 kitchen. P. 
 
 Manchester Exhibition, 1857 (95). 
 
 Whitechapel, 1910 (28). 
 
 Group representing Shuter, Beard and Dunstall 
 in Love in a Village. One man is standing 
 smiling, listening to the second, who is bringing 
 in some information, the third lounges near. 
 There is a picture of the children of James I on 
 the wall. P. 
 
 Manchester Exhibition, 1857 (93). 
 
 BE, 1849 (54). 
 
 Whitechapel, 1910 (20). 
 
 R.A., 1768(F) 
 
 Group representing three men seated at a round 
 table, one of whom is Sir Wolston Dixie who 
 died in 1767. There are two candles on the 
 mantelshelf. 
 
 Yorke, Mr. Thomas 
 Edward. 
 
 Bewerly LI all, 
 Pate ley Bridge, 
 Yorkshire. 
 
 Portrait group representing Mr. John Yorke, 
 in a brown suit, seated on a rock by a stream, 
 holding a book. Between his knees is a large 
 black and white dog. Colonel Coore, of 
 Scruton Hall, Bedale, Yorks, stands on the left 
 in scarlet coat with green facings, white satin 
 knee breeches, and white silk stockings. He 
 is represented as having just landed a fish, 
 which he is taking off the hook. He wears a 
 black beaver hat. P. 
 
 John Yorke died in 1813, aged seventy-seven, 
 and appears in this picture to be about forty- 
 five or fifty. 
 
Coll, of S ii Wm. L. Young , Bari. 
 
 SIR WM. YOUNG. AFTERWARDS 2ND BARONET AND GOVERNOR OF TOBAGO, AND ONE OF HIS SISTERS 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 247 
 
 Young, Sir William, Group representing a man on horseback holding 
 Bart. a child in front of him. A boy is standing near, 
 
 35, Lower Seymour putting his hand in that of the child, and with 
 
 Street. the other holding a dog. There is a black 
 
 Portman Square. attendant close at hand. The persons who 
 are depicted are all members of the Young 
 family, the two children being brothers of 
 the second Baronet, The house in the back- 
 ground must be Delaford. 33 x 25. P. 
 
 A group of two children, a girl seated on what 
 appears to be a stone seat, holding some papers, 
 a boy is leaning over her, and apparently is 
 springing from a stone seat to be near her, and 
 she has her hand on his shoulder. The boy 
 was afterwards Sir William Young, second 
 Baronet and Governor of Tobago and the girl 
 is his sister Mary. 25 x 19. P. 
 
 Portrait of George III. 
 
 Picture representing the interior of a room in 
 19, Arlington Street, with two figures, one a 
 small boy, the grandfather of the present Lord 
 Zetland, and the first Earl, and the other Sir 
 Laurence Dundas, Bart. 40 x 50. P. 
 
 The chairs and fine bronzes on the mantelpiece 
 and the picture over it by Van De Capelle 
 represented in this painting are still in the 
 possession of the family, but the room is now 
 only a passage-room. Sir Laurence is in a 
 deep blue velvet coat and breeches and red 
 waistcoat. The boy is in white, with pink sash 
 and red shoes. 
 
 A Turkey carpet is on the floor. 
 
 There are writing materials on the table and 
 many pictures on the walls. 
 
 Zetland, The 
 Marquis of. 
 Aske , 
 Richmond , 
 Yorkshire. 
 
INFORMATION TO HAND WHILST THE BOOK WAS PASSING 
 THROUGH THE PRESS 
 
 Beaufort, The Duke Queen Charlotte and two of her sons. 
 of. Grafton Gallery, 1895 ( I 43)- 
 
 Badminton, Portraits also of George III and Queen Charlotte 
 Glos. in Coronation robes are attributed to Zoffany. 
 
 Not seen by us. 
 
 Humble, C. Nugent, Group of several members of the Rice family. 
 Esq. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Rice; their son, Mr. 
 
 Cloncoskraine, Stephen Rice, father of Thomas Spring Rice, 
 
 Dungarvan , First Lord Monteagle ; their daughter, 
 
 Co. Waterford. Christiana Rice, afterwards Mrs. Fosbery, and 
 the sons of Mrs. Rice by her first husband, 
 Mr. Collis. P. 
 
 Ingleby, H., Esq., At this house there was a portrait by Zoffany 
 M.P. representing one of Mrs. Inglebv’s ancestors. 
 
 3 1 , Crosvenor Place, 
 
 London. 
 
 Jones, If. Burton, Fine Drawing of Lord Heathfield. P. 
 
 Esq. Signed. 
 
 1 1 , Douglas House, 
 
 Maida Hill. London. 
 
 Munroe, Sir T. A Landscape with an Indian Family. 
 
 Lindirtis, Forfarshire. A Durbar with British Officers and Indians. 
 Normanby, Rev., Portrait of Garrick as Sir John Brute. 
 
 The Marquis of. Grafton Gallery, 1897. 
 
 Midgrave Castle, 
 
 Whitby. 
 
 Osborn, Sir Alger- Two portraits, Busts. 
 
 NON. 
 
 Chicksands Priory 
 Ramsden, The Late 
 Mr. Archibald. 
 Sligo, Marquess of. 
 Westport House, 
 
 Co. Mayo. 
 
 Smith, Mr. 
 Willoughby S. 
 Bench a ms, Harp 
 ford, Devon. 
 
 , Beds. 
 
 Portrait of a Lady. Canvas 30 x 25. 
 
 Said to have been signed. 
 
 Portrait of George Augustus, Third Viscount 
 Howe, killed at Ticonderoga, 1758. 48 x 30. 
 
 Portrait of Wm. Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, 
 third son of George III. Bust, circa 14 x 14. 
 
 Group representing Garrick as Lord Chalkstone 
 with two actors in Lethe. The figure of 
 
 - Garrick is identical with that in the Garrick 
 Club which we illustrate. The picture is an 
 important group. 
 
 2-jS 
 
LIST OF PICTURES BY ZOFFANY EXHIBITED AT THE 
 GALLERIES OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTISTS, FREE 
 SOCIETY OF ARTISTS, AND ROYAL ACADEMY, 
 WITH SOME EXTRACTS FROM WALPOLE’S 
 CATALOGUES AND THE NAMES OF THE 
 PRESENT OWNERS SO FAR AS THEY 
 CAN BE TRACED 
 

LIST OF PICTURES BY ZOFFANY EXHIBITED AT THE GALLERIES OF THE 
 SOCIETY OF ARTISTS, FREE SOCIETY OF ARTISTS, AND ROYAL 
 ACADEMY, WITH SOME EXTRACTS FROM WALPOLE’S CATALOGUES 
 AND THE NAMES OF THE PRESENT OWNERS SO FAR AS THEY CAN BE 
 TRACED. 
 
 Society of Artists. 
 
 1762. 138. 
 
 138*. 
 
 1763- i37- 
 
 138. 
 
 I 39* 
 
 140. 
 
 1764. 140. 
 
 141. 
 
 142. 
 
 1764. 143. 
 144. 
 H5- 
 
 146. 
 
 1765. 167. 
 
 Mr . Zaffanii. 
 
 Mr. Garrick in the character of the Farmer returned from 
 London. (Good, like the actors, and the whole better 
 than Hogarth’s. — Walpole.) [Earl of Durham .] 
 
 A Gentleman’s Head. 
 
 Mr. Garrick and Mrs. Cibber in the characters of Jaffier 
 and Belvidera. [Earl of Durham.] 
 
 Portrait of a Gentleman. 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 A Family. (Mr. Palmer, the actor, looking at his wife and a 
 little boy in her lap. — Walpole.) 
 
 Great Piazza, Covent Garden. 
 
 Mr. Foote in the character of Major Sturgeon, in The Mayor 
 of Garratt. (And Mr. Baddeley. — Walpole.) 
 
 (A very fine likeness, a picture of great humour. — Walpole.) 
 [Earl of Carlisle .] 
 
 A Family. (A boy flying a kite, the father sitting, and a 
 younger boy standing by him, and looking at the other. — 
 Walpole.) [The Hon. Mrs. Goldman .] 
 
 A Portrait ; kit cat. 
 
 Ditto ; three-quarters. 
 
 Small whole-length of a Lady. 
 
 Ditto of Mr. Moody in the character of Foigard. [Sir 
 Henry Irving ( the late)i] 
 
 A Lady Playing on the Glasses. 
 
 In Lincoln's Inn Fields ; Mr. Zaffanij. 
 
 Mr. Garrick’s drunken scene in the Provok'd Wife. [The 
 Garrick family.] 
 
 251 
 
252 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 168. A Family Piece. — (Dr. Nugent’s. — Walpole.) [*S/r E. C. 
 Nugent ) 
 
 1766. 
 
 1767. 
 
 1768. 
 
 Portugal Row, Lincoln's Inn Fields. 
 
 198. Mr. Garrick in the character of Lord Chalkstone. [ The 
 
 Garrick Cluh.] 
 
 199. The Miser in the same entertainment. 
 
 194. A scene in Love in a Village. (Shuter, Beard and Dunstal 
 
 in the characters of Justice Wood, Hawthorne, and 
 Plodge, Act I. — Walpole.) [Mr. Acton Garle) 
 
 195. A Family. 
 
 (Special.) 138. Mr. Beard, Mr. Shuter, and Mr. Dunstal, a 
 scene in Love in a Village. [ The Earl of Yarborough .] 
 
 1769. 
 
 Mr. Zoffanii, Portugal Rozo, Lincoln's Inn Fields. 
 
 213. A Porter with a Hare. (A Boy reading the Direction, 
 
 another looking up, eating bread-and-butter. — W alpole.) 
 Ehrich Gallery .] 
 
 214. A scene in The Devil upon two Sticks. (The President and 
 
 Dr. Last fetching his shoes. P. Well, Doctor ! Dr. L. 
 I have left my shoes. — Walpole.) [Earl of Carlisle.] 
 
 215. A Nobleman’s Family. [Duke of Atholl . ] 
 
 216. A Portrait of a Child with a Dog. (A cradle. — Walpole.) 
 
 217. A Portrait ; small whole-length. 
 
 218. Ditto of a Gentleman. 
 
 219. Ditto of a Gentleman and his Son. 
 
 357. A small whole-length. 
 
 358. Ditto larger. 
 
 359. A Gentleman’s Family. ( Probably Colonel Bradney's 
 
 group) 
 
 Free Society. 
 
 Mr. Zaffanii , Lincoln's Inn Fields. 
 
 1766. 201. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and Prince 
 
 Frederick as cupids, with a landscape on copper. [. H.M . 
 The King) 
 
 Royal Academy. 
 
 Johan Zojfanij, Frith St., Soho. 
 
 1770. 21 1. The Royal Family. (In Vandyke dresses, ridiculous — a 
 
 print of it. — Walpole.) [H.M. The King) 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 253 
 
 212. 
 
 213. 
 
 I77 1 * 23°- 
 
 231. 
 
 232. 
 1772. 290. 
 
 291. 
 
 292. 
 1773. 320. 
 
 321. 
 
 368. 
 
 369- 
 
 1775- 352. 
 
 1780. 68. 
 
 163. 
 
 204. 
 
 The last scene of the second Act in The Alchymist. (This 
 most excellent picture of Burton, J. Palmer and Garrick, 
 as Abel Drugger, is one of the best pictures ever done by 
 this Genius. Sir Joshua Reynolds gave him £100 for it 
 D. Carlisle offered the latter twenty guineas more for it 
 Sir Joshua said, he should have it for the £100 if his Lord- 
 ship would give the £20 to Zoffani, which he did. — -Wal- 
 pole.) [Earl of Carlisle] 
 
 A Portrait of a Young Gentleman ; small whole-length. 
 
 His Majesty; half-length. (Very like, but most disagree- 
 able and unmeaning figure. — Walpole.) [H.M. The 
 King] 
 
 A Portrait of a Young Gentleman ; whole-length. 
 
 A Beggar’s Family. [Mr. M. Drummond] 
 
 The Portraits of the Academicians of the Royal Academy. 
 (This excellent picture was done by candle-light ; he 
 made no design for it, but clapped in the artists as they 
 came to him, and yet all the attitudes are easy and natural, 
 most of the likenesses strong. There is a print from it. — 
 Walpole.) [H.M. The King] 
 
 An Optician, with his Attendant. (Extremely natural, but 
 the characters too common nature, and the chiaroscuro 
 destroyed by his servility in imitating the reflexions of 
 the glasses. — Walpole.) [H.M. The King] 
 
 A Portrait of an Officer ; small whole-length. 
 
 Portrait of Her Majesty, in conversation with her two 
 brothers and part of the Royal Family. (And Lady 
 Charlotte Finch. — Walpole.) [H.M. The King] 
 
 A Portrait. (Prince Ernest of Mecklenburg. — Walpole.) 
 
 St. Cecilia ; three-quarters. 
 
 A Sybil ; three-quarters. (Style of the good painters but 
 affected. — Walpole.) 
 
 Florence. 
 
 The Repose, in the flight into Egypt. (Wretched. — Wal- 
 pole.) 
 
 Albemarle Street. 
 
 A room in the gallery of Florence, called the Tribuna, in 
 which the principal part is calculated to show the different 
 styles of the several masters. [H.M. The King] 
 
 Portrait of a Gentleman. — (J ohn Burke.) 
 
 Girl with Watercresses. [Lord Revelstoke] 
 
254 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 1781. 85. 
 
 I 75 - 
 
 223. 
 
 246. 
 
 1782. 1. 
 
 53 * 
 
 92. 
 
 HH 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 44 - 
 
 1784. 
 
 2. 
 
 98. 
 
 1790. 
 
 i 57 - 
 
 191. 
 
 W 95 - 
 
 283. 
 
 18. 
 
 W 9 6 - 
 
 85. 
 
 
 1 10. 
 
 
 125. 
 
 J. Zoffany, R.A. 
 
 A Gentleman’s Family. (Mr. Sharp, surgeon.) (The 
 Sharps in their barge, a musical family, who went every 
 summer on the river in a large vessel. The figures 
 are most natural, and highly finished, but a great want 
 of keeping on the whole. — Walpole.) [Mr. G. E. L. 
 Baker.] 
 
 Portrait of a Young Lady. 
 
 Ditto Gentleman. 
 
 A character in The School of Scandal. (Mr. Baddeley.) 
 [Mrs. Hutchinson.] 
 
 Portrait of a Gentleman. (Mr. Sympson, musician.) 
 
 A Conversation. (Mr. and Miss Wilkes.) (Horridly like. — 
 Walpole.) [Sir S. Baker, Bart] 
 
 A Character — (Morgi, in Viaggiatori Felici.) (In comic 
 opera. — Walpole.) 
 
 East Indies. 
 
 Portrait of a Gentleman. (Mr. Ma . This is all that 
 
 could be read in the catalogue copied from, the rest 
 cut off.) 
 
 Portrait of a Gentleman. (Mr. Maddison.) 
 
 Ditto. (Mr. Chase.) 
 
 Russell Place. 
 
 A Battle Piece against Hider Ally. 
 
 A Nobleman’s Collection. (Mr. Charles Townley, Mr. 
 Dankerville, Mr. Thomas Astle, Mr. Charles Grenville.) 
 [Lord O' Hagan] 
 
 Portrait of a Young Lady. (Miss C. Zoffany.) 
 
 Plundering the King’s Cellar at Paris, August 10, 1793. 
 
 7, Bennet Street, St. James's. 
 
 Mr. Townsend as the Beggar in the pantomime of Merry 
 Sherwood. 
 
 Mr. Knight as the Clown in the farce of The Ghost. [Gar- 
 rick Club] 
 
 Hyderbeg on his mission to Lord Cornwallis, with a view 
 of the granary erected by Warren Hastings, Esq., at 
 Patna. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 255 
 
 
 * 95 - 
 
 1797. 
 
 152. 
 
 i 798 * 
 
 167. 
 
 1800. 
 
 IOI. 
 
 
 224. 
 
 
 225. 
 
 
 522. 
 
 Susanna and the Two Elders. 
 
 Strand-on-the-Green, near Kezv Bridge. 
 A Beggar’s Family. 
 
 A Professor of the Harp. 
 
 Moses and Pharaoh’s Daughter. 
 
 Joseph and Mary on their Flight to Egypt. 
 Ditto. 
 
 Ditto. 
 

LIST OF ENGRAVINGS AFTER THE WORKS OF 
 ZOFFANY IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND 
 ELSEWHERE, AND SOME REFERENCES TO 
 ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF ZOFFANY 
 
LIST OF ENGRAVINGS AFTER THE WORKS OF ZOFFANY IN THE BRITISH 
 MUSEUM AND ELSEWHERE, AND SOME REFERENCES TO ENGRAVED 
 PORTRAITS OF ZOFFANY. 
 
 From the British Museum Catalogues 
 
 Frontispiece to a work entitled Attempts to Compose Six Sonnets , by 
 Master Southbrook, 1797. Engraved by T. Stow. It represents one 
 Muse leading the boy to another. 
 
 “ The Watercress Girl,” said to be a portrait of Jane Wallis, engraved 
 by J. R. Smith, 1780. Mezzotint. 15 x 11. 
 
 There is also a print of this by T. Young, 1785. 
 
 Shuter, Beard and Dunstall as Woodcock, Hawthorn and Hodge in 
 Love in a Village , Act I, Scene vi, 1768. Engraved by J. Finlayson. 
 Mezzotint. 22 x 18. 
 
 The Towneley Marbles. Large mezzotint. By W. H. Worthington. 
 (S.K., G. 7 A.) 
 
 The Key to the same. The four persons represented are as follows — 
 
 Mr. Towneley seated apart from the rest. Opposite to him 
 Monsieur D’Hancarville standing, the Hon. Charles Greville 
 with his hand on the table, and near to him Mr. Astle, the Keeper 
 of the State Papers. 
 
 Plundering the King’s Cellar at Paris on August 10, 1793. R. Earlom. 
 Mezzotint. Published 1795. 
 
 The Porter and the Hare. A man holding a hare, speaking to two boys. 
 Engraved by R. Earlom. Published in 1774. Mezzotint. Published also 
 in colour by Saver and Bennett, 1780. 
 
 The Embassy of Hyder Beck to Calcutta, from the Vizier of Oudh by 
 the way of Patna, in 1788, to meet Lord Cornwallis. Engraved by Earlom. 
 Published in 1800. 21^ x i8f . 
 
 Key to the above picture, also published in 1800. 
 
 Colonel Mordaunt’s Cockfight at Lucknow in 1786. Engraved by 
 Earlom. Published in 1792. Mezzotint. 26J x 18L 
 
 The Life School in the Royal Academy. Zoffany is represented in a 
 corner holding a palette. Engraved by Earlom. Published in 1773. 
 (S.K., G. 7 C.) 28J x 19^ 
 
 Key to the above with the names of the various Royal Academicians 
 represented. 
 
 259 
 
26 o 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Tiger hunting in the East Indies in 1788. Engraved by Earlom. 
 Mezzotint. Published in 1802. 21 & x i8±. 
 
 Key to the above. Zoffany is seated in the howdah on one of the 
 elephants, and bareheaded, and with him is Sir John Macpherson. 
 
 There is also a key to the Tribuna picture. It represents a group of 
 connoisseurs looking at various pictures, and underneath are the names 
 of the persons represented, as follows — 
 
 Earl Cowper. 
 
 Sir John Dick. 
 
 The Earl of Plymouth. 
 Mr. Zoffany. 
 
 Mr. Stevenson. 
 
 The Earl of Dartmouth. 
 Mr. Lorain Smith. 
 
 Lord Mount Edgcumbe. 
 Lord Russborough. 
 
 Mr. Valentine Knightley. 
 Mr. Bianelli. 
 
 The Hon. Felton Hervey. 
 Mr. Gordon. 
 
 Mr. Patch. 
 
 Sir John Taylor. 
 
 Sir Horace Mann. 
 
 The Earl of Winchelsea. 
 Mr. Watts. 
 
 Mr. Doughty. 
 
 Mr. T. Wilbraham. 
 
 Mr. Bruce and 
 Mr. Wilbraham. 
 
 Bransby Parsons and Watkins as /Esop, old Man and Servant. En- 
 graved by Young. Published by Simpson, 1788. 
 
 PORTRAITS 
 
 Mrs. Baddeley. Engraved by Laurie. Published by Sayer in 1772. 
 Mezzotint. In two sizes, 13! x io£ and cut down to i2f x 9|. 
 
 There is also a vignette copy from this picture in stipple, engraved by 
 H. R. Cook. Published by Payne in 1814. 3! x 3§. 
 
 Mrs. Baddeley with Mr. King as Fanny Sterling and Lord Ogleby in 
 Colman’s Clandestine Marriage. Act IV. Engraved by Earlom. Pub- 
 lished by Sayer in 1772. Mezzotint. i6f x 2if. 
 
 Giacomo Bassevi. Performer on the violincello. Also called Cer- 
 vetto. A Centenarian. Born 1682, died 1783. Engraved by Picot. 
 Published in 1771. Represented holding his ’cello. Mezzotint. 13^ x 
 
 9 £- 
 
 George, second Earl of Bristol. Standing, in peer’s robes, holding 
 coronet. Engraved by J. Watson. Mezzotint. 19! x 14. 
 
 A second state of the engraving is known, with the purse introduced 
 on the chair. 
 
 Queen Charlotte. Represented nearly whole-length, leaning on a 
 console, on which is a vase of flowers. Engraved byr Houston. Mezzo- 
 tint. Published by Sayer, 1772. (S.K., Box 14.) i8f x 15 J. 
 
Coll, of His Majesty the King Lord Chamberlain's Department photo ENGRAVED PORTRAIT OF HER MAJESTY QUEEN CHARLOTTE 
 
 PORTRAIT OF HER MAJESTY QUEEN CHARLOTTE BY lawrey (1772) after the original (with variations) belonging to his majesty the king 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 261 
 
 There is a copy from this with the vase omitted. Published by 
 Sayer in 1773. Also a mezzotint, but engraved by Laurie. 14b x nf. 
 
 There is another copy half-length only. Engraved by Laurie. Mezzo- 
 tint. Published by Sayer in 1772. I 2 | X 9 f. 
 
 There is a fourth copy, published by Sayer and Bennett, but the 
 engraver’s name is not given, and it is three-quarter length, a small mezzo- 
 tint. 5§ x 4§. 
 
 George Coleman, Dramatist (1732-1794) as a young man. Engraved 
 by E. Smith, as a plate for Effigies Pceticce. Small line engraving. 4 x 3-f. 
 
 Sir William Chambers. Romney sculp. Published 1817 by C. G. 
 Dyer. Facsimile of signature. Full-length standing. 
 
 Andrew Drummond, founder of Drummond’s Bank (1688-1769). 
 Seated under some trees, with a dog beside him. Engraved by J. Watson. 
 Mezzotint. 19! x 15. 
 
 Elizabeth Farren, Countess of Derby (1759-1829). Represented as 
 “ Hermione ” in the Winter's Tale. Standing full-face, with her arm on a 
 cabinet. Engraved by E. Fisher. Published by Sayer and Bennett, 1781. 
 Mezzotint. 23 x 16. 
 
 Ferdinando I, inscribed “ Hispaniarum Infanti Regio et Corregio. Pinx. 
 Zoffany Sculp.” Large Fol. Very rare. Circa 1800. 
 
 Samuel Foote, Actor, with T. Weston, as the President and Dr. Last in 
 The Devil upon Two Sticks, standing in a room. Engraved by J. Finlayson. 
 Published by Zoffany in 1789. Mezzotint. (S.K., pp. 14.) i6f x 2i|. 
 
 The same actor as Major Sturgeon in The Mayor of Garrett. Standing 
 with Sir J. Jollop. Engraved by J. G. Haid. Published by Boydell in 
 1765. Mezzotint. (S.K., pp. 14.) 1 6 x 19^. 
 
 A Watch Paper. A copy from the last, if inches in diameter. 
 Engraver anonymous. Published by R. Sayer. 
 
 Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. Bust looking to the left. A photo- 
 gravure used on the title of Armstrong’s Gainsborough, published in 1898. 
 
 David Garrick as Abel Drugger in Jonson’s The Alchymist, Act II, 
 Scene vi. Holding a pipe, being a single figure from a group which 
 represents Garrick, Burton and Palmer. Mezzotint. Engraved by J. 
 Dixon. Published by R. Sayer in 1791. (S.K., pp. 14.) Also published 
 
 in 1771 and dedicated to Lord Carlisle. Engraved on the plate itself. 
 Ht x 11. 
 
 The same picture published by Colnaghi’s in 1825, an d engraved by 
 S. W. Reynolds. Mezzotint. i8f x 13. 
 
 The same actor in The Farmer's Return. Seated in a cottage with his 
 family. Engraved by J. G. Haid. Published by Boydell in 1766. Mezzo- 
 tint. 17 x i5f. 
 
 The same actor as Sir John Brute, in Vanbrugh’s Provoked Wife . 
 
262 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 A single figure from the group of Sir John with the watchmen. He is 
 represented whole-length in his wife’s clothes. Engraved anonymous. 
 Published by R. Sayer, 1769. It was also engraved by Finlayson and 
 published November 1, 1768. (S.K., pp. 14.) 3I x 3. 
 
 The same actor with Mrs. Cibber as “ Jaffier ” and “ Belvidera ” in 
 Otway’s Venice Preserved. He is offering to stab Mrs. Cibber who kneels 
 before him. Act IV, Scene ii. Engraved by McArdell. Published by 
 the same in 1764. Mezzotint. (S.K., pp. 14.) 17 x 2if. 
 
 A copy from the above engraved by Stayner in line, and published 
 by C. Sheppard. 8f x I2|. 
 
 Another copy from the same engraving by Wilson. Published by R. 
 Sayer. Mezzotint. 8^- x 13I. 
 
 The same actor with Mrs. Pritchard as “ Macbeth ” and “ Lady 
 Macbeth.” Act II, Scene iii. Engraved by Valentine Green. Published 
 by Boydell in 1776. Mezzotint. Two states known. i6f x 2i|. 
 
 A portrait of Garrick after Zoffany was lithographed by L. Dickenson. 
 To the right, collar open at throat, animated expression, full-face. 
 
 George III. Seated in an armchair, with a hat and sword on the table 
 to the left. Engraved by R. Houston. Published by R. Sayer in 1772. 
 Mezzotint. (S.K., pp. 14.) i8f x 15!. 
 
 The same picture engraved by Fritzsch. Inline. Published by Beren- 
 berg, 1779. i8| x 15$. 
 
 The same picture, but the table with the hat and sword omitted. 
 Engraved by R. Laurie. Published by R. Sayer in 1773. Mezzotint. 
 
 Hi x 
 
 The same picture, but published by Laurie and Whittle in 1794. 
 Engraver anonymous. Mezzotint. i2f x 9f. 
 
 The same picture, half-length only, in an oval frame. Engraved by 
 R. Laurie. Published by Sayer in 1772. Mezzotint. I2f x 9^. 
 
 The same picture, published by Sayer and Bennett in 1774. Engraver 
 anonymous. Small mezzotint. 5i x 4. 
 
 The same picture. A German book illustration in line, the bust 
 only. 4I x 2\. 
 
 Circular frame, with name on tablet. Engraved by Endner. 
 
 George III. Their most Sacred Majesties George III and Queen 
 Charlotte with His Royal Highness George, Prince of Wales, Frederick, 
 Bishop of Osnaburgh, Prince William Henry, Princess Charlotte Augusta 
 Matilda, Prince Edward, and Princess Sophia Augusta. J. Zoffany 
 pinxit 1770. Earlom sculpsit London, October 1770. Published as 
 the Act directs, January 1, 1771, by R. Sayer. The plate measures 
 23 J x 18J. This does not include the lettering. 
 
 Hanson Thomas. W. Dickenson fecit 1770. Zoffany pinxit 1767. 
 
APPENDIX 263 
 
 Mezzotint. 16 x X2f print. A man seated under a tree, holding a stick 
 in his hand and his hat on his knee. 
 
 Warren Hastings (1732-1818). Bust, almost full-face. Engraved 
 by R. Brittidge, and published by him in Calcutta, 1784. Small line 
 engraving. 8f x 7f. 
 
 The same picture, but set within an ornamental oval frame. Anony- 
 mous engraver. Published by J. Murray in 1786, as a frontispiece to his 
 Memoirs Relative to the State of India. 
 
 John Heaviside, F.R.S., Surgeon to George III (1748-1828). 
 Represented lecturing, with his hand on a heart. Engraved by R. Earlom. 
 Published by Laurie and Whittle in 1803. Mezzotint. From a picture 
 belonging to J. Doratt, Esq. (S.K., pp. 17.) 17! x 14. 
 
 Sir Elijah Impey, Chief Justice of Bengal (1732-1809). Standing 
 full-face, in judicial robes. The picture is at Calcutta. A photograph of 
 it is at the India Office. 
 
 Hester Maria Thrale, afterwards Viscountess Keith, when twenty 
 months old, sitting on the floor by a cradle, fondling a dog. Oval. 
 Engraved by J. Marchi. Mezzotint. 17! x 14. 
 
 Thomas King, Actor (1730-1805). As “Puff” in Sheridan’s The 
 Critic . Holding papers and a cane. Engraved by J. Young. Published 
 by T. King in 1803. Mezzotint. Also there is an Earlom mezzotint 
 at South Kensington of this print, see Box 13. 20% x 17. 
 
 The same picture representing him at a window. Engraved in line 
 by J. Goldar. Published by Bellamy and Robarts, 1789. 6x4. 
 
 Edmund Keene, Bishop of Ely (1714-1781). Seated by a table, 
 resting an open book upon his knees. Engraved by C. Turner. Published 
 by the same in 1812. Mezzotint. 15I x 13I. 
 
 Robert Marsham, F.R.S. (1708-1791). Resting his head on his hand. 
 Engraved by W. C. Edwards. Published by C. Muskett of Norwich. 
 Line engraving, also an etching by Edwards drawn by Sands from a 
 picture by Zoffany. 7 x 5§. 
 
 John Moody, Actor, as Foigard in The Stratagem. Engraved by 
 J. Marchi. Published by J. Wesson. Mezzotint. i8f x 14. 
 
 Richard Neville Neville of Billingbear, Berks. By P. W. Tomkins, 
 I 8o3- 5f x 4f. 
 
 Another engraved by Basire, same picture, bust only. 5 x 4 b 
 
 Edward, third Earl of Oxford. Died 1755. Whole-length, standing 
 in a room, surrounded by his family. Engraved in stipple by Posselwhite 
 as a plate to Drummond’s Notable British Families , 1846. 10J x 9^. 
 
 Robert Price of Foxley, Hereford. Father to Sir Uvedale Price, Bart. 
 Died 1761. Bust to the right, oval, in a rectangular frame. Engraved by 
 J. Basire in line. Published by J. Nichols in 1910. 4! x 4. 
 
264 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Simon F. Ravenet, Engraver. Resting his face on his hand. In 
 oval frame of masonry on pedestal. 1763. Engraved by Ravenet himself. 
 Line. “ Peiut par son Ami Zoffanii.” (S.K., g. 56.) 7J x 4|. 
 
 A reversed copy from the above, plain oval. Line engraving by an 
 anonymous engraver. 4 x 3^. 
 
 Reynolds, Sir J. Full-length with ear trumpet. Romney sc. Zoffany 
 pinxit G. W. Brightdel. 1817. W. Dickenson fecit 1770. 
 
 John Montagu, fourth Earl of Sandwich (1718-1792). From the 
 picture in the Trinity House. Engraved by Valentine Green and pub- 
 lished by him in 1774. Mezzotint. Four states known. (S.K., pp. 26.) 
 I 7t x 14. 
 
 James Sayer, son of Robert Sayer the print-seller, at the age of thirteen, 
 represented standing by a stream, taking a fish off the hook. Engraved by 
 
 R. Houston. Published by R. Sayer, 1772. Mezzotint. 1 8i x 14. 
 John Christopher Smith (originally Schmidt) Musician. Pupil of 
 
 Handel (1721-1795). Stipple engraving by E. Harding, representing him 
 seated at a table. 
 
 George Steevens. Shakespeare Commentator (1736-1800). Seated 
 at a table with two dogs. Engraved in stipple by W. Evans. Published 
 by S. Harding in 1800. 5 i x Li • 
 
 The same picture, half-length only, a plate for Dibdin’s edition of 
 Ames’s Topographical Antiquities , 1816. Engraved by T. Hodgetts. 
 Mezzotint. 8f x 6. 
 
 Benjamin Stillingfleet, Naturalist (1702-1771). Seated at a table, 
 holding a magnifying-glass, with his hand on a volume of Linnaeus. 
 Engraved by Valentine Green. Mezzotint. Two states known. 
 n| x 10. 
 
 The same picture engraved in stipple by Shipster. 3! x 3. 
 
 The same picture, bust only, used as a plate for Nichol’s Literary 
 Anecdotes , 1812. Engraved in line by J. Basire. 5 x 4J. 
 
 James Thornton, the King’s gardener at Kew. Engraved by R. 
 Houston. Published by R. Sayer in 1770. Mezzotint. io| x 9. 
 John Wilkes, bust only. Book Illustration. Engraved in stipple by 
 
 S. Freeman. 2| x 2f. 
 
 Miss Mary Wilkes, daughter of John Wilkes. Bust in oval. Engraved 
 in stipple by S. Freeman. Published by Longmans in 1804. 2^ x 2§. 
 
 Mrs. Catherine Wodhull. C.S. 124. 6-15. Rich Houston fecit 
 
 1772. Mezzotint. R. Sayer. 19^ x 14. 
 
 Mrs. Yates, Actress. Evans alludes to a portrait of her after Zoffany, 
 engraved by Watson, but whether by Caroline James or Thomas is not 
 clear. Houston also engraved a portrait of Mrs. Yates, as “ Electra,” 
 which is declared as after Zoffany. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 265 
 
 Portraits of Zoffany 
 
 Subject Painter 
 
 Zoffany, John, R.A., painter, 1733-1810. 
 
 1 . Half-length right profile ; vignette from 
 
 a crayon drawing. Published W. 
 
 Daniell, 1814. G. Dance. 
 
 Soft ground etching. 
 
 2. Nearly whole-length to right, seated, in 
 
 furred gown, holding skull and hour- 
 glass. One set of plates from portraits 
 of painters in the Uffizi Gallery. 
 
 Printed in colours. Mezzotint. 
 
 6J x 5. J. Zoffany. 
 
 3. Same picture. “ Bozzolini del.” 
 
 Line. 8f x 6f . J. Zoffany. 
 
 Engraver 
 
 W. Daniell. 
 
 C. Lasinio. 
 G. Vascellini. 
 
 Zoffany’s portrait is believed to be one of those in the representation 
 of the Society for the Encouragement of Art, distributing their annual 
 premiums, painted by John Barry, R.A., Professor of Painting to the 
 Royal Academy, in the room of the Society of Arts, and etched in May 1791 . 
 
 Zoffany’s portrait appears in the engravings of the Royal Academicians 
 after H. Singleton. Engraved by C. Bestland, 1802. According to the 
 Key, Zoffany is No. 22, one of two men whose heads are on a level with 
 the top of Benjamin West’s chair. The two are together, and Zoffany 
 is the elder one, and the further one from the chair. 
 
 Zoffany’s portrait appears in a collection of Italian engravings of 
 eminent painters, issued both plain and coloured, the latter being of 
 extreme rarity. His portrait is No. 65 in the third volume (B.M. 209, C3), 
 and is labelled Giovani Zoffani Pittore. He is represented in a grey 
 gown trimmed with sable fur; there is a landscape background, and near 
 to the artist is a skull and some yellow books. He is holding an hour- 
 glass in his hands. 
 
 It has been stated, but without any authority, that Zoffany’s portrait 
 appears in the painting called “ Garrick in the Green Room, after Hogarth,” 
 by W. J. Ward. Published by Southgate in 1829. I* is improbable that 
 this print was after Hogarth at all, and it is quite unlikely that it should 
 include Zoffany. Garrick is the principal person in the group, and he 
 is surrounded by various actors, Baddeley and others. 
 
LIST OF PICTURES BY ZOFFANY THAT HAVE BEEN 
 EXHIBITED FROM TIME TO TIME 
 
LIST OF PICTURES BY ZOFFANY THAT HAVE BEEN EXHIBITED 
 
 FROM TIME TO TIME 
 
 The greater part of this information is extracted, by kind permission, from the in- 
 valuable works by Mr. Algernon Graves, notably from A Century of Loan 
 Exhibitions. The remainder is taken from the catalogues of the Royal Academy 
 and other Exhibitions. 
 
 British Institution. 
 
 1814. 
 
 2. Tribune of the Florentine Gallery. 
 
 Lent by King George III. 
 
 79. Mr. Cuffs. 
 
 Lent by King George III. 
 
 80. Garrick as Abel Drugger, etc. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 81. Macklin as Shy lock. 
 
 Lent by Sir G. Beaumont. 
 
 88. Garrick in Provoked Wife , etc. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Mulgrave. 
 
 94. Foote and Weston in Devil on Two Sticks. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 99. Foote and Jacob in Mayor of Garratt. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 120. Garrick, Bransby and Aicken in Lethe. 
 
 Lent by Sir G. Beaumont. 
 
 124. Parsons, Bransby and Watkyns in Lethe. 
 
 Lent by Sir G. Beaumont. 
 
 163. The Royal Academy. 
 
 Lent by King George III. 
 
 Additions to Third Catalogue 
 
 1814. 92*. Mr. Townley’s Gallery, with D’Hankerville, Mr. Astell, 
 Hon. Charles Greville, and Charles Townley. 
 
 Lent by — Townley. 
 
 131*. Time clipping wings of Cupid. 
 
 Lent by John Birch. 
 
 269 
 
121 . 
 
 2J0 
 
 1826. 
 
 1827. 
 
 1840. 
 
 1849. 
 
 i 855* 
 
 5- 
 
 J 5 8 - 
 
 162. 
 
 140. 
 
 H3- 
 
 H7- 
 
 I 5 I - 
 
 I 7 I * 
 
 I 75* 
 
 80. 
 
 81. 
 
 82. 
 
 101. 
 
 54- 
 
 59- 
 
 124. 
 
 105. 
 
 118. 
 
 122. 
 
 124. 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Interior of Buckingham House, with Duke of Clarence 
 and Queen of Wiirttemberg. 
 
 Lent by King George IV. 
 
 Room in Kew Palace, with George III, Queen Charlotte, etc. 
 
 Lent by King George IV. 
 
 The Royal Academy. 
 
 Lent by King George IV. 
 
 Florence Gallery. 
 
 Lent by King George IV. 
 
 Room in Kew Palace. 
 
 Lent by King George IV. 
 
 George IV and Duke of York as Children, 
 
 Lent by King George IV, 
 
 The Royal Academy. 
 
 Lent by King George IV. 
 
 Florence Gallery. 
 
 Lent by King George IV. 
 
 Two Old Men. 
 
 Lent by King George IV. 
 
 The Royal Family. 
 
 Lent by King George IV. 
 
 Foote as Major Sturgeon, etc. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 Garrick as Abel Drugger, etc. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 Foote and Weston in Dr. Last. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 Mendicants in a Landscape. 
 
 Lent by Andrew Drummond. 
 
 Love in a Village, etc. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Yarborough. 
 
 The Farmer’s Return. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Yarborough. 
 
 The Towneley Gallery. 
 
 Lent by Charles Towneley. 
 
 Andrew Drummond. 
 
 Lent by G. J. Drummond. 
 
 Queen Charlotte, Prince of Wales, and Duke of York. 
 
 Lent by Queen Victoria. 
 
 Princess Royal and Duke of Clarence. 
 
 Lent by Queen Victoria. 
 
 An Indian Scene. 
 
 Lent by Capt. L. M. Strachey. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 
 I 3 I - 
 
 1856. 
 
 100. 
 
 00 
 
 LT) 
 
 OO 
 
 HH 
 
 145 - 
 
 
 I 55 - 
 
 OO 
 
 Qi 
 
 vO 
 
 128. 
 
 
 166. 
 
 1862. 
 
 201. 
 
 1863. 
 
 119. 
 
 1864. 
 
 128. 
 
 
 140. 
 
 1865. 
 
 176. 
 
 1867. 
 
 208. 
 
 Reading the Direction. 
 
 Lent by Eyre Coote. 
 
 An Indian Princess. 
 
 Lent by Capt. L. M. Strachey. 
 
 George III, Queen Charlotte and Family. 
 
 Lent by Queen Victoria. 
 
 Queen Charlotte and Brothers. 
 
 Lent by Queen Victoria. 
 
 Garrick and Mrs. Pritchard. 
 
 Lent by Walter Long. 
 
 Gainsborough. 
 
 Lent by Miss Clarke. 
 
 Colonel Mordaunt’s Cock-Match at Lucknow. 
 
 Lent by Colonel Dawkins. 
 
 A Child. 
 
 Lent by Rev. V. Edwards. 
 
 A Lady. 
 
 Lent by Rev. V. Edwards. 
 
 A Gentleman. 
 
 Lent by Rev. V. Edwards. 
 
 Garrick as Lord Chalkstone. 
 
 Lent by Dr. Hamilton. 
 
 Moody as Father Foigard. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Charlemont. 
 
 271 
 
 Suffolk Street. 
 
 1832. 
 
 i833* 
 
 x 834 - 
 
 89. Macklin, Miss M. Clarke and Bentley in Merchant of Venice. 
 
 Lent by D. Colnaghi. 
 
 47. J. Zoffany, R.A. 
 
 Lent by W. F. Ayton. 
 
 216. Mrs. Hartley (actress). 
 
 Lent by S. V. Bone. 
 
 154. J. Stackpoole. 
 
 Lent by W. Hutchins. 
 
 Manchester (Art Treasures). 
 
 1857. 93 - Scene from Love in a Village. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Yarborough. 
 95. Garrick in Farmer's Return. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 International Exhibition. 
 
 1862. 32. The Lapidaries. 
 
 Lent by Queen Victoria. 
 
272 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 36. Dr. Wm. Hunter demonstrating Anatomy. 
 Lent by College of Physicians. 
 
 93. Group of George IIPs Family. 
 
 Lent by Queen Victoria. 
 
 94. George III and Family Group. 
 
 Lent by Queen Victoria. 
 
 155. The Tribune, Florence. 
 
 Lent by Queen Victoria. 
 
 The Royal Academy Winter Exhibitions. 
 
 1871. 265. Hunter Lecturing. Oval, 30 x 41. 
 
 Lent by the Royal College of Physicians. 
 
 1872. 2. The Life School at the Royal Academy 39 x 57^. 
 
 Lent by Her Majesty the Queen. 
 
 274. Andrew Drummond. 89 x 70. 
 
 Lent by G. J. Drummond. 
 
 1875. 244. A Garden and Water Party near Molesey. 39 x 49. 
 
 Lent by T. J. Austen. 
 
 1876. 51. Richard Pocock, African Traveller, afterwards Bishop of 
 
 Ossory, then of Meath. In Eastern Costume. (1704- 
 
 i7 6 50 79 % x 5 2 i 
 
 Lent by F. Beilby Alston. 
 
 1877. 267. Thurston in the Merry Beggars of Sherwood , a play by 
 
 Leonard MacNally. 1784. 49 x 40. 
 
 Lent by Merthyr Guest, Esq. 
 
 He is represented kneeling, and has just written down in 
 chalk the words “ Such is my ability,” which gives the title 
 to the picture. (Since destroyed by fire. — G. C. W.) 
 
 273. A Scene from the Opera of The Decoy, or The Harlot's 
 Progress , by Potter. 1733. 
 
 Lent by J. T. Gibson-Craig, Esq. 
 
 The interior of a room, a register office. A man at a 
 table with papers. Another ragged man standing before 
 him. 41 A x 44L 
 
 1878. 230. The Graham family group. Sir Bellingham Graham, the 
 
 fifth Baronet, his son and his two daughters. 39^ x 49. 
 Lent by Sir Reginald Graham. 
 
 1879. 12 • Portrait of Warren Hastings. 28 x 22. 
 
 Le?it by Colonel H. F. Davies. 
 
 The Sharp Family Party. 45^ x 49L 
 Lent by T. Barwick L. Baker. 
 
 N.B. — In the catalogue all the thirteen persons are named 
 and described 
 
 27. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 273 
 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1884. 
 
 34. Garrick and his wife on the banks of theThames. 42! x 52^. 
 
 Lent by Frances, Countess Waldegrave. 
 
 172. Reynolds, Bacon and Chambers. 
 
 Lent by Montague Chambers. 
 
 Half-length figures round a table on which is a plan. 
 
 46 x 56. 
 
 This represented Reynolds, Wilton and Chambers, and 
 was found to be signed by Rigaud. It was bought in 1895 
 at the Price sale by the N.P.G. — G.C.W. 
 
 41. Family Portraits. 
 
 Lent by George Lionel Dashwood, Esq. 
 
 Twelve small full-length figures, some seated and some 
 standing, in a landscape, under the shade of a large tree. 
 They comprise (beginning from the left) portraits of General 
 Auriol, Mr. John Auriol, Mr. Prinsep, Mrs. Dashwood, 
 Mrs. Prinsep, Mr. Dashwood and Mr. Auriol, besides five 
 native attendants. The two ladies are seated at a tea-table, 
 and Mr. Dashwood and Mr. Auriol are playing chess. 
 Painted in India, about 1784. Canvas 53 x 76. 
 
 268. Portrait of Queen Charlotte. 
 
 Lent by H.M. the Queen (from Buckingham Palace). 
 
 Charlotte Sophia, second daughter of Charles Louis 
 Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; b. 1744; m. 
 George III, 1761; d. 1818. 
 
 Three-quarter figure, seated to left; blue dress trimmed 
 with lace; pearl necklace, high headdress; leans right arm 
 on table, on which stands a vase of flowers; architectural 
 and curtain background. Canvas 64 x 54. 
 
 54. Macklin as Shylock. 
 
 Lent by Marquis of Lansdowne. 
 
 Charles Macklin or MacLaughlin; said to have been 
 born in 1690; first appeared as “ Shylock ” in February 
 1741, on which occasion Pope said of his performance — 
 
 “This is the Jew 
 That Shakespeare drew ” ; 
 
 wrote several plays himself; d. 1797. 
 
 This picture probably commemorates his last appearance 
 in the same character at the age of ninety. The figure 
 seated on the extreme left of the picture is a portrait of 
 the Earl of Mansfield. Canvas 45 x 57. 
 
 55. Garrick as Sir John Brute. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Essex. 
 
274 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 1885. 
 
 1887. 
 
 1888. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1890. 
 
 David Garrick, the celebrated actor; b. 1716; d. 1779. 
 Here represented in the character of “ Sir John Brute,” 
 in Act IV, Sc. i. of Vanbrugh’s comedy, The Provoked Wife. 
 Small full-length figure in a lady’s hat and gown. Canvas 
 30 x 24. 
 
 29. Portraits of Colonel Blair and Family. 
 
 Lent by Arthur Pepys, Esq. 
 
 Family group; Colonel and Mrs. Blair seated on a sofa; 
 to the right a daughter playing with a kitten held in the 
 arms of a native girl; on the left another daughter, seated 
 before a square piano with music upon the desk. Painted 
 in India, about 1789. Canvas 38 x 53. 
 
 19. Portrait of Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. 
 
 Lent by Mrs. Lane. 
 
 The celebrated landscape and portrait painter; b. at 
 Sudbury, Suffolk, 1727; was chosen an original member 
 of the Academy, 1768; d. 1788. 
 
 Small bust seen in front, profile to left; reddish coat 
 and waistcoat; dark background. Canvas 8x7 (oval). 
 
 17. David Garrick, in the character of Lord Chalkstone. 
 
 Lent by Edward Hamilton, Esq., M.D. 
 
 Small full-length, standing in front; embroidered coat 
 and waistcoat; the coat trimmed with fur; hat and wig, 
 white kerchief, black ribbon, and eyeglass; the right hand 
 rests on a crutch stick. Canvas 30 x 25. 
 
 1 5 1 . Portrait of A Gentleman. 
 
 Lent by Arthur J. Scott, Esq. 
 
 Small full-length figure, in shooting costume, leaning 
 on a gate, near a tree; his gun and hat in his left hand, his 
 handkerchief in his right; landscape seen to right. Canvas 
 29 x 24. 
 
 152. Portrait of A Gentleman. 
 
 Lent by Arthur J. Scott, Esq. 
 
 Small full-length figure, in blue and grey dress, standing, 
 resting his right hand, which holds his hat, on a pedestal; 
 landscape seen through a doorway behind, over which hangs 
 a curtain. Canvas 30 x 24L 
 
 50. Portrait of Thomas Hanson. 
 
 Lent by J. Hanson Walker, Esq. 
 
 Of Crosby Square, London, Danish merchant. Small 
 full-length figure seated to right in a chair under some 
 trees; his stick in his left hand, and his hat in his right; 
 red dress, white wig. Canvas 27^ x 36. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 275 
 
 1891. 8. Portrait Group. 
 
 Lent by Joseph C. T. Smith, Esq., of Shortgrove, Essex. 
 
 Portraits of Thomas Somers Cocks, the banker, b. 
 1737; d. 1796; and Richard Cocks, b. 1740; d. 1821 ; seventh 
 and eighth sons of John Cocks of Castleditch. 
 
 Two small full-length figures in a landscape; one seated 
 under a tree, holding a paper, at which he is pointing; the 
 other rests his left hand on his brother’s shoulder. In- 
 scribed with the names of the sitters and the painter. 
 Canvas 27^ x 35L 
 16. Portrait Group. 
 
 Lent by Joseph C. T. Smith, Esq. 
 
 Portraits of the Rev. John Cocks, b. 1731 ; d. 1793 ; 
 and James Cocks, b. 1734 ; d. 1804; third and fifth sons of 
 John Cocks of Castleditch. 
 
 Interior of a room; on the right the elder brother seated, 
 with his left arm leaning on a round table and a book in his 
 right hand ; opposite him his brother, in a suit of dark-blue 
 velvet, is standing, leaning his right arm on the back of a 
 chair, and holding a three-cornered hat and a stick in his 
 left hand. Inscribed with the names of the sitters and the 
 painter. There is a picture on the wall representing an 
 Indian group. Canvas 28 x 36. 
 
 1891. 17. Portrait Group. 
 
 Lent by Lady Sarah Spencer. 
 
 Two ladies seated facing the spectator in a landscape, 
 with a gentleman in a grey dress lined with red, standing 
 beside them with legs crossed; the elder lady, in a grey 
 dress, with large headdress, is looking at the younger 
 one, who is dressed in pink, with plumed headdress, and 
 is playing a mandolin. Canvas 35 x 27. 
 
 97. Portrait Group. 
 
 Lent by the Marquis of Bristol. 
 
 The persons represented are — 
 
 (1) Augustus John, third Earl of Bristol, b. 1724; Vice- 
 Admiral of the Blue, d. 1779; (2) Mary, daughter of 
 Brigadier-General Lepell; m. 1720, John, Lord Hervey; 
 (3) Lepell, their eldest daughter, m. 1743; (4) Constantine, 
 firsf Lord Mulgrave, and d. 1789; (5) Mary, their second 
 daughter, m. 1725; (6) George Fitzgerald, of Turlough, 
 and d. 1753. 
 
 The scene represents Lord Bristol taking leave of his 
 mother and sisters and their husbands. 
 
276 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 1892. 
 
 1893. 
 
 j 89 5- 
 
 Six small full-length figures; on the right, Lord Bristol 
 and his mother, Lady Hervey, who is seated, his two sisters 
 and their husbands on the left ; the open sea and a man-of- 
 war seen through columns in the background. Canvas 
 39i x 49- 
 
 99. Portrait Group. 
 
 Lent by Mrs. Roundell. 
 
 The persons represented are, beginning from the left— 
 
 Mr. Richard Roundell, b. about 1740, d. 1772; Mr., 
 afterwards Sir, Henry Dashwood, Bart., of Kirtlington Park, 
 Oxford, b. 1745, d. 1828; the Hon. Thomas Noel, after- 
 wards second Viscount Wentworth, d. 1815; and Mr. 
 Walter R. B. Hawksworth, who afterwards took the name 
 of Fawkes, b. 1746, d. 1792 ; all four Gentlemen Commoners 
 of Christ Church, Oxford, at the same time, and great 
 friends. 
 
 Group of four full-length figures in a garden on the 
 banks of the Isis, with a view of Oxford in the distance; 
 Mr. Fawkes on the right, and Mr. Dashwood sitting in the 
 middle, are in hunting dress; the other two, of whom the 
 tall one in the centre of the group is Mr. Noel, are wearing 
 their gowns. Canvas 49! x 39^. 
 
 43. Portrait of an Actor. 
 
 Lent by W. E. Brymer, Esq., M.P. 
 
 Small full-length figure. Panel, 29 x 24. 
 
 48. Portrait of an Actor. 
 
 Lent by W. E. Brymer, Esq., M.P. 
 
 Small full-length figure. Panel, 29 x 24. 
 
 95. Interior of the Florence Gallery. 
 
 Lent by H.M. the Queen (from Windsor Castle). 
 
 Represents the famous Tribune in the Uffizi Gallery 
 at Florence, with portraits of distinguished English con- 
 noisseurs inspecting the pictures. The keeper of the 
 Gallery is showing Titian’s Venus to a group in the fore- 
 ground, while another group, on the left, is inspecting 
 the Cupid and Psyche. Canvas 47 x 59. 
 
 Exhibited in 1780 under the title, “ A Room in the 
 Gallery of Florence, called the Tribune, in which the 
 principal part is calculated to show the different styles of 
 the several masters.” 
 
 100. The Life School in the Royal Academy, 1772. 
 
 Lent by H.M. the Queen (from Windsor Castle). 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 277 
 
 Represents the Academicians gathered about the model 
 in the Life School at Somerset House. All the Acade- 
 micians are present with the exception of Gainsborough 
 and the two lady members, whose portraits, however, hang 
 on the wall. Sir Joshua is nearly in the centre, ear-trumpet 
 in hand, conversing with Wilton and Chambers; Zoffany 
 himself sits on the left, palette on thumb, a pendant 
 to the standing figure of Cosway on the right. Canvas 
 39 x 57i 
 
 Exhibited in 1772 under the title, “ The portraits of the 
 Academicians of the Royal Academy.” 
 
 1907. 143. Family Group. 
 
 Lent by Lord Sherborne. 
 
 Portraits of James Lenox Naper (afterwards Dutton), 
 Esq., and his second wife, Jane, daughter of Christopher 
 Bond, Esq., their son, James, first Lord Sherborne; and 
 daughter, Jane Mary, married to Thomas Coke, Esq., of 
 Holkam, afterwards Earl of Leicester. 
 
 Interior of a room; Mrs. Dutton is seated near the fire 
 talking to her son, who is playing cards with his sister 
 seated opposite him; Mr. Dutton, also seated at the table, 
 is talking to his daughter. Canvas 39I x 50. 
 
 1908. 83. Portrait of Thomas King as Lord Ogleby. 
 
 Lent by the Hon. Evan Charteris. 
 
 Thomas King, the Actor and Dramatist, b. 1730; the 
 original Sir Peter Teazle in Sheridan’s School for Scandal , 
 1777; ruined himself by gambling, and died in poverty, 
 1805. 
 
 Small full-length, standing in a landscape. Canvas 
 14 x 11. 
 
 90. Portrait of Lunardi, the Balloonist, giving a Display at 
 Windsor Castle. 
 
 Lent by Lord Ribblesdale. 
 
 Vincenzo Lunardi, the celebrated aeronaut; b. 1759; 
 made the first ascent in England from the Artillery Ground, 
 Moorfields, September 15, 1784; d. 1806. 
 
 Small full-length figure in uniform, standing in a land- 
 scape, pointing with his left hand to a balloon which is seen 
 in the sky hovering above Windsor Castle; his right arm, 
 holding his hat, rests on the muzzle of a gun; on the collar 
 of a black dog beside him is inscribed his name. Canvas 
 38 x 281-. 
 
278 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 91. Portraits of a Lady and Gentleman. 
 
 Lent by T. Humphry Ward, Esq. 
 
 Small full-lengths in a landscape; the lady in a blue 
 and white striped dress, with wide lace sleeves, is seated; 
 beside her, with his legs crossed, stands the gentleman 
 in a russet-brown coat, waistcoat and breeches; his hat 
 and stick are in his left hand, while his right rests on the 
 back of the seat. Canvas 27 x 35. 
 
 95. Portrait of Dr. T. Hanson, of Canterbury. 
 
 Lent by J. Hanson Walker, Esq. 
 
 Small full-length figure, seated to right in a chair under 
 some trees; his stick in his left hand, and his hat in his 
 right; red dress, white wig. Canvas 28 x 34L 
 1912. 155. Portrait of George Steevens. 
 
 Lent by Lieut. -Col. T. H. B. Forster. 
 
 The well-known commentator on Shakespeare, b. 1736; 
 d. 1800. 
 
 Half-figure, seated to left, head turned and looking at 
 the spectator, with one arm round a dog sitting on a table 
 beside him; his left hand is thrust into his coat; beside 
 him is the head of another dog. Canvas 32! x 27. 
 
 Wrexham. 
 
 1876. 377. Grand Duke of Austria, etc. 
 
 Lent by S. Kynaston-Mainwaring. 
 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 1883. 182. Mr. Buller. 
 
 Lent by Lord Elphinstone. 
 
 Grosvenor Gallery. 
 
 1888. 120. Parsons, etc., in The Kaiser (painted with R. Wilson). 
 
 39 x 49- 
 
 Lent by Sir G. Beaumont. 
 
 126. Garrick and King in Lethe (painted with R. Wilson). 
 39 x 49- 
 
 Lent by Sir G. Beaumont. 
 
 1890. 13. Tattersall’s in 1776. 
 
 Lent by E. Tattersall. 
 
 New Gallery (Guelph). 
 
 1891. 315 . Foote and Hayes in The i\Iayor of Garratt. 40 x 5°* 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 279 
 
 316. Garrick, Burton and Palmer in The Alchemist. 41 x 39. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 317. Foote and Weston in The Devil on Two Sticks. 40 x 50. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 1898. 1 5 1 . Henry Duncombe. 36 x 27. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Crawford. 
 
 Grafton Gallery (Fair Women). 
 
 1894. 172. Mary Anne Boyle. 
 
 Lent by Richard Davey. 
 
 Grafton Gallery (Fair Children). 
 
 1895. 143. Queen Charlotte and Two Sons. 
 
 Lent by Duke of Beaufort. 
 149. Lady with Child and Doll. 
 
 Lent by Lady Freake. 
 
 Grafton 
 1897. 60. 
 
 61. 
 
 64. 
 
 67. 
 
 72. 
 
 76. 
 
 78. 
 
 90. 
 
 93 - 
 
 97 - 
 
 97a. 
 
 112. 
 
 Gallery (Musical). 
 
 Garrick and Mrs. Pritchard. 
 
 Lent by P. and D. Colnaghi & Co. 
 Moody as Foiguard. 
 
 Lent by Sir Henry Irving. 
 
 Garrick as Sir J. Brute. 
 
 Lent by Marquess of Normanby. 
 
 David Garrick. 
 
 Lent by H. G. Hine. 
 
 Charles Frederick Abel. 
 
 Lent by Charles Davis. 
 
 Foote as Major Sturgeon. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 Foote and Weston as President and Dr. Last. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 Garrick and Mrs. Cibber. 
 
 Lent by Sir Henry Irving. 
 
 Scene from Hamlet. 
 
 Lent by Sir Henry Irving. 
 
 David Garrick as Abel Drugger 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 David Garrick. 
 
 Lent by Joseph Grego. 
 
 David Garrick. 
 
 Lent by Sir Henry Irving. 
 
28 o JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 120. Garrick and his Wife playing Picquet. 
 
 Lent by Shakespeare Memorial, Stratford-on Avon. 
 
 Birmingham. 
 
 1900. 52. A Lady. 29 x 24. 
 
 Lent by Mrs. Benson Rathbone. 
 
 61. Henry Duncombe. 35^ x 27. 
 
 Lent bv Lord Balcarres. 
 
 1903. 62. 14th Lord Willoughby and Family. 40 X 50. 
 
 Lent by Lord Willoughby de Broke. 
 
 Glasgow. 
 
 1902. 130. A Lady. 
 
 Lent by Arthur Kay. 
 
 132. A Family Party. 
 
 Lent by Corporation of Glasgow. 
 
 Whitechapel (Spring Exhibition). 
 
 1906. 120. Garrick and Mrs. Cibber. 
 
 Lent by C. Newton Robinson. 
 
 122. Baddeley as Moses. 
 
 Lent by Mrs. K. J. Hutchison. 
 
 125. Garrick as Abel Drugger. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 126 Garrick and Wife playing Picquet. 
 
 Lent by Shakespeare Memorial. 
 
 232. Family of George III. 
 
 Lent by Martin H. Colnaghi. 
 
 238. Warren Hastings. 
 
 Lent by General H. F. Davies. 
 
 280. Two Children and Dog. 
 
 Lent by T. Humphry Ward. 
 
 321 Dr. Russell. 
 
 Lent by Corporation of Brighton. 
 
 11. The Minuet, A Family Party. 
 
 Lent by Corporation of Glasgow. 
 
 23. William Hunter lecturing at the Royal Academy. 
 
 Lent by College of Physicians. 
 
 31. Familv of 14th Lord Willoughby de Broke. 
 
 Lent by Lord Willoughby de Broke. 
 
 49. Maria Walpole, Duchess of Gloucester. 
 
 Lent by Mrs. Morland Agnew. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 281 
 
 82a. Family Group. 
 
 Lent by W. C. Alexander. 
 
 85. Horace Walpole. 
 
 Lent by A. Kay. 
 
 91a. William Hunter. 
 
 Lent by College of Physicians. 
 
 93. Dibdin, Wife and Daughter. 
 
 Lent by Sir H. Bulwer. 
 no. Mrs. De la Vaux. 
 
 Lent by Rev. G. M. Livett. 
 
 1 14. William Macartney and Wife. 
 
 Lent by Rt. Hon. Wm. Ellison Macartney. 
 
 1 18. Family Group. 
 
 Lent by William Asch. 
 
 133. Miss Stevens (actress). 
 
 Lent by Sir Charles Tennant. 
 
 138. A Lady. 
 
 Lent by Edgar Speyer. 
 
 148. The Sharp Family on a Yacht. 
 
 Lent by G. E. Lloyd Baker. 
 
 157. Earl and Countess Cowper and Mr. and Mrs. Gore. 
 Lent by Countess Cowper. 
 
 There were two sets of numbers in this Catalogue. 
 
 Whitechapel (Mohammedan Exhibition). 
 
 1908. 
 
 2. 
 
 A Mogul Prince. 
 
 Lent by Mrs. Selwyn. 
 
 Hasan Raza Khan. 
 
 Lent by India Office. 
 
 The Dashwood Family. 
 
 Lent by M. G. Dashwood. 
 
 Asaf ud Daula (Oudh). 
 
 Lent by India Office. 
 
 Colonel Moraaunt’s Cock-Fight. 
 
 Lent by Marquess of Tweeddale. 
 
 Lord Cornwallis and Son of Tippo Sahib. 
 
 Lent by Major E. C. Moor. 
 
 John Wombwell and Friends in India. 
 Lent by Mrs. G. A. Cartwright. 
 
 Whitechapel (Pageant). 
 
 1909. 12. Admiral Anson. 
 
 Lent by C. Newton Robinson. 
 
 8 . 
 
 32 . 
 
 165. 
 
282 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Whitechapel (Shakespeare). 
 
 1910. 
 
 2. David Garrick in Costume. 
 
 Lent by Lord Aberdare. 
 
 3. Foote as Major Sturgeon. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle; 
 
 5. David Garrick. 
 
 Lent by Asher Wertheimer. 
 
 7. Mrs. Yates in Character. 
 
 Lent by Sir Flugh Lane. 
 
 10. Foote and Weston in The Devil on Two Sticks. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 11. Mrs. Pritchard. 
 
 Lent by J. H. Leigh. 
 
 12. Garrick. 
 
 Lent by Mrs. Bischoffsheim. 
 
 13. David Garrick in Costume. 
 
 Lent by Lord Aberdare. 
 
 14. Baddeley as Moses. 
 
 Lent by Mrs. Hutchison. 
 
 16. Garrick and his Wife at Cards. 
 
 Lent by Shakespeare Memorial. 
 
 18. Garrick as Sir John Brute. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Essex. 
 
 20. Shuter, Beard and Dunstall. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Yarborough. 
 
 25. Garrick and Mrs. Pritchard. 
 
 Lent by J. H. Leigh. 
 
 28. Garrick and Others in Farmer’s Return. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Yarborough. 
 
 29. Foote as Major Sturgeon. 
 
 Lent by Guy Laking. 
 
 32 Garrick, Burton, and Palmer. 
 
 Lent by Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 92. David Garrick as Don John. 
 
 Lent by Felix Wagner. 
 
 Whitechapel (Sports). 
 
 1912. 20. Tattersall’s in 1776. 
 
 Lent by Edmund Somerville Tattersall. 
 
 Burlington Fine Arts Club. 
 
 1907. 25. Charles Towneley in Library. 
 
 Lent by Lord O’FIagan. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 283 
 
 Franco-British. 
 
 1908. 64. Mrs. Morris of Haddo (more like Romney). 
 
 Lent by Thomas Baring. 
 
 72. The Flower Girl. 
 
 Lent by Thomas Baring. 
 
 Paris (Cent Portraits de Femmes). 
 
 1909. 50. Marchande de Cresson. 
 
 Lent by Thomas Baring. 
 
 Japan Exhibition. 
 
 1910. 15. Thomas Hanson. 
 
 Lent by L. Fleischmann. 
 
 Exhibition of National Portraits at the South Kensington 
 
 Museum, May i, 1867. 
 
 458. Queen Charlotte. 
 
 Lent from Buckingham Palace. 
 
 Three-quarter length, blue dress trimmed with lace, 
 leaning on a table on which stands a vase of flowers. 
 Canvas 65 x 54. 
 
 464. George III. 
 
 Lent from Buckingham Palace. 
 
 Scarlet coat, star and ribbon of the Garter. Sword 
 and cocked hat on table. Canvas 65 x 54. 
 
 505. Pennell Hawkins (1716-1792). Surgeon to George II. Sergeant- 
 
 surgeon with his brother, Sir Caesar Hawkins, to George III. 
 Surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital. 
 
 Lent by Sir Caesar Hawkins. 
 
 Plum-coloured coat, powdered wig. Canvas 27! x 2i|. 
 
 506. Dr. Hunter, lecturing in the Life School of the Royal Academy, 
 
 with a living model. Oval. Canvas 41 x 31. 
 
 Lent by College of Physicians. 
 
 518. Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (1727-1788). 
 
 Lent by Miss Clarke and painted as a gift to Gains- 
 borough. 
 
 Small size three-quarter length to right. Canvas 9 x 7. 
 546. The Life School in the Royal Academy in 1778, with two nude 
 models. Canvas 58 x 40. 
 
 Lent from Windsor Castle. 
 
 582. The Sharp Family on their Yacht. Canvas 49! x 45. 
 
 Lent by Mr. T. B. L. Baker. 
 
284 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 614. Shuter, Beard and Dunstall in Love in a Village. 
 
 Lent by Mr. John Garle. 
 
 Edward Shuter, comic actor, oh. 1776, aged forty-eight. 
 
 John Beard, eminent vocalist (17 17-179 1). He was a 
 singer at the Chapel Royal, proprietor and acting manager 
 of Covent Garden Theatre, married, as his first wife, the 
 daughter of James, Lord Waldegrave. 
 
 Dunstall, comedian, ob. 1779. Canvas 50 x 40. 
 
 618. Sir Richard Jebb, M.D. (1729-1787). Physician Extraordinary to 
 George III. 
 
 Lent by College of Physicians. 
 
 Lavender-coloured coat, black gown. Canvas 30 x 25. 
 
 654. John Wilkes, M.P., and his daughter. 
 
 Lent by Sir Henry Baker, Bart. 
 
 Full-length, small-sized figures. Wilkes seated, holding 
 his daughter’s hand, who stands on his right, a dog at foot. 
 Canvas 50 x 39-L 
 
 703. George, third Earl Cowper, with his wife, Anne, daughter of Charles 
 Gore, and his three sons, George, afterwards fourth Earl, Peter, 
 afterwards fifth Earl, and Edward Spencer. 
 
 Lent by Earl Cowper. 
 
 Six figures in a room. Canvas 36 x 33. 
 
 747. The Right Hon. Charles Fox (1749-1806). 
 
 Lent by Colonel Holden. 
 
 As a young man, half-length, standing. Blue costume, 
 right arm leaning on a pedestal. Canvas 50 x 40. 
 
 806. Charles Macklin, Actor (1690-1797). 
 
 Lent by the Marquess of Lansdowne. 
 
 Believed to have lived to the age of 107. Represented 
 as Shylock playing before the Earl of Mansfield. There 
 are twelve figures in the group. Canvas 59 x 46. 
 
ZOFFANY’S SALE CATALOGUE 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ZOFFANY’S SALE CATALOGUE 
 
 A CATALOGUE 
 
 of a most Curious and Unique Assemblage of the 
 
 VALUABLE PROPERTY 
 
 of that Distinguished Artist 
 
 JOHAN ZOFFANY, ESQ., Dec 4 . 
 
 (Member of the Royal Academy ) 
 
 Removed from his late Residence at STRAND-on-the-GREEN. 
 
 THIS COLLECTION 
 
 It is confidently affirmed will be found highly-deserving the minute 
 Attention of the liberal Amateur. 
 
 THE PAINTINGS AND DRAWINGS 
 
 Are of the best of this much-admired Artist, and include several highly-finished 
 PORTRAITS OF DISTINGUISHED PERFORMERS 
 
 Also a Selection 
 
 Highly Illustrative of the Costume and Manners of India, taken from the actual 
 Representation ; together with Some Fine Academical Studies ; also An Assemblage of 
 Curious Asiatic Armour and Weapons, Matchless Silver Hookers, 
 
 RICH INDIAN DRESSES, WROUGHT IN GOLD 
 
 AN ALCORAN IN VELLUM, SUPERBLY ILLUMINATED 
 UNIQUE PAGAN IDOLS, A GONG and numerous other ORIENTAL CURIOSITIES 
 
 A SMALL COLLECTION OF SHELLS 
 A FEW VERY SCARCE BOOKS 
 AND A SIDEBOARD OF MASSIVE PLATE 
 
 Which will be Sold by Auction, by 
 
 MESSRS. ROBINS 
 
 At their Spacious Rooms - PIAZZA, COVENT GARDEN 
 By Order of the Executors 
 
 On THURSDAY \ the yth day of MAY y 1811 
 
 and following day, at Twelve o’clock. 
 
 May be Viewed Two Days prior to the Sale , and Catalogues had. 
 
 287 
 
288 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 A CATALOGUE, 
 
 Etc., Etc., Etc. 
 
 First Day’s Sale, 
 
 Thursday, the 9TH Day of May, 1811. 
 
 Commencing at Twelve o’Clock. 
 
 Miscellanies. 
 
 lot. 
 
 1. Three Portfolios containing seventeen Prints, after the Antique and 
 
 Robinson’s China Navigation. 
 
 2. A ditto, with thirteen Fine Prints, after the Antique. 
 
 2*. Twenty-three Imitations of Drawings. 
 
 Hogarth’s Works, Fine Impressions. 
 
 3. Enthusiasm Displayed, and Frontispiece to Kirby’s Perspective, 
 
 Woollett, a proof. 
 
 4. Eight, The Bathos, Times, Sleeping Congregation, Receipt Tickets, 
 
 etc. 
 
 5. Before and After, Churchill, Wilkes, and Lord Lovat. 
 
 6. Gates of Calais, France and England, and Cockpit. 
 
 7. Three, of Paul before Felix, and Moses and Pharaoh’s Daughter. 
 
 8. Twelve, the Industrious and Idle Apprentices. 
 
 9. The Four Stages of Cruelty. 
 
 10. Six, the Harlot’s Progress. 
 
 11. Eight, the Rake’s Progress. 
 
 12. The Four Times of the Day. 
 
 13. The Four Election Prints. 
 
 Drawings in Chalk, Illustrative of the Country and 
 Manners of India. — By Mr. Zoffany. 
 
 14. Twenty-six various Sketches, 
 
 15. Two of Elephants and seven Sketches, Landscapes, etc. 
 
 16. Twenty-one, Elephants and Horses. 
 
 17. Six, Studies and Academy Figures. 
 
 18. Twelve ditto. 
 
 19. Six ditto. 
 
 20. Seven ditto. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 289 
 
 LOT. 
 
 21. Six ditto. 
 
 22. Six ditto. 
 
 23. Four ditto. 
 
 24. Four ditto. 
 
 25. Six ditto. 
 
 26. Nine, Colonel Martin and other Portraits, etc. 
 
 27. Seven, Natives of India. 
 
 28. Seven Views. 
 
 29. Four ditto. 
 
 30. Five, very fine, Natives of India. 
 
 31. Four, ditto, ditto. 
 
 32. Three, Elephants Fighting, and two Views. 
 
 33. Four Interesting Views, with a variety of Figures. 
 
 34. Six Views. 
 
 35. Three, fine, with numerous Figures. 
 
 36. Three, ditto, Buildings and Figures, 
 
 37. Six, ditto, Views. 
 
 38. Two, ditto, Ruins. 
 
 39. Three, ditto, ditto. 
 
 Books and Books of Prints. 
 
 40. Abecedario, Lezioni di Antichita Toscane, Histoire de la Peinture 
 
 Ancienne, La Certosa di Bologna. 
 
 41. Da Vinci on Painting and two on Architecture. 
 
 42. Chaucer’s Works, 1602, and Coke upon Littleton, 1684. 
 
 43. Orlando Furioso, Venetia, 1565; cuts. 
 
 44. Metamorphoses D’Ovide, Paris, 1676; plates. 
 
 45. Decamerone di Boccaccio, Londra, 1762. 
 
 46. Herodotus and Livy, in German, Francfort, 1593, Strasburg, 1590 — 
 
 and Livy, in Italian, Venetia, 1547. 
 
 47. Baldinucci’s Painters, eighteen volumes, Ferinze, 1767. 
 
 48. Rennell’s Bengal Atlas. 
 
 49. Kirby’s Perspective, two volumes. 
 
 50. Two Numbers containing twelve Portraits, from Holbein’s Drawings 
 
 in the King’s Collection. 
 
 51. Antichita di Verona. 
 
 52. Farnese Gallery. 
 
 53. One from Annibale Carraccio. 
 
 54. One from celebrated Pictures of the fine Italian Masters in the 
 
 Churches at Bologna, 
 u 
 
290 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 LOT. 
 
 55. Five of Dorigny’s Cartoons. 
 
 56. A pair of fine Drawings of St. Peter, from one of the Ancient Masters, 
 
 by Mr. Zoffany. 
 
 Unfinished Sketches. — By Mr. Zoffany. 
 
 57. Four Sketches, Lucretia, The Flight into Egypt, and two of an 
 
 Indian Boy with Two Heads. 
 
 58. Three Sketches, Susannah and the Elders, Contemplation, and a 
 
 Design of the Altar-piece of the Chapel at Brentford. 
 
 59. Two ditto, Return from the Tyger Chace, The Triumph of Reason, 
 
 French Revolution. 
 
 60. Two ditto, a Romantic Rocky Scene in Cumberland, and Townsend 
 
 in the Beggar. 
 
 61. The Rape of Europa, and a Student by Candlelight. 
 
 62. Mars and Venus, and the Crucifixion. 
 
 63. The Gypsies at Norwood, and Diana and Calista. 
 
 64. One of Indian Mythology, and a View in India, with Figures. 
 
 65. Finding the Body of Tippoo Sultaun. 
 
 66. Ditto, more finished. 
 
 67. A Gold Mine on the Coromandel Coast, and a Storm near Madras. 
 
 Pictures. 
 
 68. A Portrait of Marco Ricci, by himself. 
 
 69. An Italian Landscape, S. Rosa. 
 
 70. A ditto, with Banditti, ditto. 
 
 71. “ Take up thy Bed and Walk” Bloemart. 
 
 72. Portrait of Raphael , a very fine and accurate Copy, by Zoffany. 
 
 73. Virgin and Child, L. da Vinci. 
 
 Pictures. — By Mr. Zoffany. 
 
 74. The Holy Family attended by Angels; unfinished. 
 
 75. Susannah and the Elders. 
 
 76. The Burning of an Hindoo Woman; unfinished. 
 
 77. A Romantic View on the Indian Coast, ditto. 
 
 78. Finding the Body of Tippoo Sultaun. 
 
 79. A Scene in Piccadilly near St. James’s Church during a Fog and 
 
 hard Frost, exhibiting the various Amusements of the Populace 
 at that period. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 291 
 
 LOT. 
 
 80. The Portrait of Lady Preston, of Woodford, with the Servant, Horses. 
 
 etc.; nearly finished. 
 
 81. The Sacrifice of an Hindoo Widow upon the Funeral Pile of her 
 
 Husband ; unfinished. 
 
 82. Ditto, ditto, in a more forward state. 
 
 83. Latona, not finished, with the Punishment of the Lycian Peasants. 
 
 84. The Death of Gholaum Cawdor by Elephants, containing a numerous 
 
 assemblage of Figures. 
 
 85. A Scene in the Champ de Mars on the 12th of August, with a Portrait 
 
 of the Duke of Orleans. 
 
 86. The Inside of a Larder. Very fine. 
 
 87. A Groupe of Mendicants ; well-known characters. 
 
 88. Mr. Knight, as the affrighted Country-man, in the Farce of the 
 
 Ghost, very expressive and fine. 
 
 89. Mr. Townsend in the Beggar, full of expression and character, and 
 
 a striking resemblance. 
 
 90. A Florentine Fruit Stall; a most excellent groupe, very highly 
 
 finished, and one of his best performances. 
 
 91. “ As You Like It.” Air. King in Touchstone, and the celebrated 
 
 Mrs. Robinson in Rosalind. The countenances completely 
 finished in Mr. Zoffany’s happiest manner. 
 
 92. A Scene in “ Speculation,” with Portraits of Mr. Lewis , Mr. 
 
 Quick, Mr. Munden , and Miss Wallis. Mr. Zoffany’s well-known 
 ability in the representation of Theatrical Characters renders it 
 unnecessary to eulogize the present performance. The animation 
 and spirit which pervades the whole, declares his merits, and 
 makes it deserving the patronage of the distinguished personage 
 for whom it was painted. 
 
 93. The “ Provoked Wife.” The celebrated Picture of Garrick in Sir 
 
 John Brute, with portraits of Mr. Parsons , and other performers 
 of the day. Engraved. 
 
 94. The ioth of August — at the time of the Parisian Populace break- 
 
 ing open the King’s Wine Cellars; strongly characteristic of the 
 furor of the French Revolution, and the Outrages then committed. 
 This picture is engraved. 
 
 95. The Death of the Royal Tyger, with portraits— an accurate 
 
 Representation of the mode in which this dangerous Amusement 
 is at present practised in India. Engraved. 
 
 96. The March of a Native Indian Army ; completely illustrating the 
 
 different Casts of the Inhabitants by their Dresses, Employments, 
 etc., and with which Mr. Zoffany was so completely acquainted 
 
292 
 
 LOT. 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A 
 
 by his long Residence in India and by his attentive observation. 
 Engraved. 
 
 97. “ Love in a Village,” with portraits of Mr. Shuter, Mr. Beard , 
 
 and Mr. Dunstal, in Justice Woodcock , Hawthorn , and Hodge — a 
 remarkable fine performance. Engraved by Finlayson. 
 
 End of the First Day’s Sale. 
 
 Second Day’s Sale, 
 
 Friday, the ioth Day of May, 1811. 
 
 Commencing at Twelve o’Clock. 
 
 Miscellanies. 
 
 1. A Mahogany folding Camera Obscura. 
 
 2. A mahogany rising Easel. 
 
 3. A mahogany Painter’s travelling box, with an oval Porphyry Colour 
 
 Stone , a ground glass, mullers and four pallets. 
 
 4. A Porphyry Colour Stone , fifteen inches diameter. 
 
 5. An Indian Fire Screen. 
 
 6. A fine Anatomical Model of a Horse on a Pedestal, with cupboard 
 
 under. 
 
 7. A curious Delft child-bed linen basket. 
 
 8. A dried Cat, very curious, discovered in Herculaneum, and a 
 
 Rhinoceros’s horn. 
 
 9. Four curious Mandrake Figures. 
 
 Curious Shells. 
 
 10. Two Melons, a Helmet, and one more. 
 
 1 1 . Two pair of Helmets, 
 
 12. Seven, various. 
 
 13. A pair of Imperial Pyramids, ditto Zebras, ditto Spotted Melons 
 
 ditto Baccinums, and two Iris’s Ears. 
 
 14. Fourteen, various. 
 
 15. Eighteen, ditto. 
 
 16. Fourteen, ditto. 
 
 17. A Cork Jacket, an Indian Lanthorn, and a Speaking Trumpet. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 293 
 
 Curious Asiatic Armour, Weapons, and other Valuables. 
 
 lot. 
 
 18. Two Musquetoons, with Swivels. 
 
 19. An Indian Bow and five Arrows. 
 
 20. A ditto and four Arrows. 
 
 21. A Shield of Buffalo’s Hide. 
 
 22. A transparent ditto, ornamented. 
 
 23. A curious Dagger, with Wooden Case, and a pair of Sandals 
 
 24. A singular Oriental Dagger, inlaid with Gold. 
 
 25. A curious two-handed Spear Sword, Silver mounted. 
 
 26. A Battle Axe, the head inlaid with Gold. 
 
 27. An uncommon two-edged Sword. 
 
 28. A reversed Oriental Scymetar. 
 
 29. A curious Scymitar, Silver handle. 
 
 30. A ditto, ditto. 
 
 31. A Steel Battle Mace of singular form. 
 
 32. A valuable Oriental Scymitar, handle inlaid and gilt mountings 
 
 33. Ditto, with Ivory carved handle. 
 
 34. A curious Asiatic Instrument for decapitation. 
 
 35. An Oriental Matchlock Gun, curiously inlaid with Gold. 
 
 36. A ditto, ditto. 
 
 37. A Kamschatska Dress made of Fishes Bladders. 
 
 38. A large Indian Feather Brush. 
 
 39. A Beautiful Suit of Persian Armour, richly and curiously inlaid 
 
 with Gold, consisting of a Helmet, with Chain Mail defence, and 
 singular Appurtenances; a pair of Garde-bras, a Breast and Back 
 Plate, and two Side Pieces. 
 
 40. An Embossed Suit of Persian Armour, richly and curiously inlaid 
 
 with gold, consisting of the same number and of a similar description 
 as the preceding lot. 
 
 41. A Rare and Curious Compleat Suit of Chain Mail Armour, 
 
 consisting of the Head Piece, Coat, and Trowsers. 
 
 42. A Gong, of very fine and deep tone. 
 
 43. Tandavaar Moortie, a form of Sieb ; a very curious carving in ivory. 
 
 44. Al-koran, a beautiful MS. on vellum, illuminated through, and with 
 
 a superb and highly decorated Title page, rare. 
 
 45. A Portrait of Sir Joshua Reynolds, a very fine and highly finished 
 
 Enamel, by Spicer. 
 
 46. An Ancient Roman Tesselated Slab. 
 
 47. A pair of very rare and large Horns, from the Buffalo of the South 
 
 of Africa, their Colour and Polish is natural and beautiful. 
 
294 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 LOT. 
 
 48. A pair of smaller Horns, from a Species of Antelope, very rare and 
 
 extremely Wild, called by the Natives, the Mufftee , their Colour 
 and Polish is natural, and they are also from the South of Africa. 
 Oriental Dresses and Superb Hookers. 
 
 49. A splendid Rajah’s Turban, with rich Gold Ornament, decorated 
 
 with Stones and beautifully enamelled. 
 
 50. A Chintz Outward Vest. 
 
 51. A Mazarine Blue Silk Chinese Jacket, with Gold Buttons. 
 
 52. A Pink Silk Outward Vest, with Gold Buttons. 
 
 53. A Lilac ditto, brocaded in Flowers, Silver and Gold, with Gold 
 
 Buttons, etc. 
 
 54. A Deep Pink Ditto, brocaded in Silver Flowers, Gold Buttons, 
 
 and a pair of Trowsers to correspond. 
 
 55. A Rich Yellow Ditto, brocaded in Silver Flowers, and Silver 
 
 Buttons. 
 
 56. A Very Rich and Splendid Vest, brocaded with Gold Flowers, on 
 
 a Crimson Ground, with Silver Buttons, and a pair of Trowsers, 
 with Flowers, Silver and Gold. 
 
 57. A pair of very elegant Gold and Silver Slippers. 
 
 58. A pair of ditto. 
 
 59. A pair of ditto. 
 
 60. A pair of ditto, with Ties. 
 
 61. Four Striped Muslin Oriental Vests and two pair of Trowsers. 
 
 62. Four Plain ditto. 
 
 63. Four Plain ditto. 
 
 64. Four Plain ditto. 
 
 65. Six ditto. 
 
ZOFFANY’S LAST WILL 
 

ZOFFANY’S LAST WILL 
 
 This is the Last Will of Johan Zoffany of Chiswick co. 
 Middlesex, Esq., dated 22nd April 1805. 
 
 Whereas on the marriage of my daughter Cecilia Clementina Eliza- 
 beth with the Rev. Thomas Horne, junior, of Chiswick, I advanced to 
 him the sum of £300, and transferred to Trustees the sum of £ 2000 
 Bank 3 per cent, consolidated annuities in trust for my said daughter 
 and their heirs and in default to revert back to me or my estate. And 
 whereas on the marriage of my daughter Maria Theresa Louisa with 
 John Doratt of Bruton Street, surgeon, I transferred to Trustees £2000 
 Bank 3 per cent, consolidated annuities in trust for my last mentioned 
 daughter and her heirs and in default to revert as aforesaid; also since 
 the marriage of my said daughter Maria Theresa Louisa I have paid to 
 the said John Doratt £300 to make my last mentioned daughter’s fortune 
 equal with that of her sister. 
 
 I give and devise unto my dear wife Mary Zoffany all that messuage 
 wherein I dwell in Chiswick with the coach-house, stable, garden and 
 appurtenances thereto belonging for the term of her life, if she shall so 
 long continue a widow, but not otherwise; also the use of all my house- 
 hold furniture, plate, linen, china, etc., and from and after her decease 
 or remarriage I direct the same to be considered as part of the residue 
 of my estate. 
 
 To Anthony Angelo Tremamando of Howland Street, S. Pancras, co. 
 Middlesex, Esq., and Charles Dumerque of Piccadilly co. Middlesex, 
 Esq., my Trustees and Executors twenty-five guineas each for a ring, 
 and all the residue of my estate whatsoever I devise unto them in trust 
 for the purposes hereinafter mentioned, that is to say, that immediately 
 after my decease they sell and dispose of (either by public auction or 
 private contract) all my messuages, tenements, lands and hereditaments, 
 except the house and furniture given to my said wife for her life or widow- 
 hood, and also the said house after the decease or remarriage of my said 
 wife and all such other parts of my estate as shall consist of money in 
 the public funds, so as to turn and convert all my property into cash and 
 the money arising from such sale shall be laid out in the purchase of 
 
 297 
 
298 J O H N Z O F F A N Y, R.A. 
 
 some of the public stocks in the names of them my said Trustees or the 
 survivor of them, and that they do stand possessed thereof to pay the 
 rents, interest & dividends thereof unto my said wife Mary for the 
 term of her life she maintaining thereby our two unmarried daughters 
 Claudina Sophia Ann Zoffany and Laura Helen Constantia Zoffany so 
 long as they shall continue unmarried ; and after the decease or remarriage 
 of my said dear wife I direct that the said Trustees shall stand possessed 
 of such residue upon the further trust to pay unto my said two unmarried 
 daughters £300 each for their own use and £ 2000 bank 3 per cent, 
 consolidated annuities. 
 
 All the residue of such stocks, estate and effects shall be divided into 
 four equal portions for the benefit of my said four daughters. 
 
 I hereby appoint my said wife guardian of such children as are in 
 their minority and the said Trustees as executors. 
 
 Witnesses. — W. Ward, Newman Street; Robert Harding Evans and 
 James Fenoulhet. 
 
 Proved in London 24th Jan., 1811, by the executors. 
 
TRANSLATION (FROM THE GERMAN) OF CHARTER 
 GRANTED TO JOHANNES ZOFFANY, BY THE 
 EMPRESS MARIA THERESIA, DEC. 4, 1776 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRANSLATION (FROM THE GERMAN) OF CHARTER GRANTED TO 
 JOHANNES ZOFFANY, BY THE EMPRESS MARIA THERESIA, 
 
 DEC. 4, 1776. 
 
 We Maria Theresia by the Grace of God Roman Empress, Widow, 
 Queen of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia, 
 Lodomeria, Archduchess of Austria, Burgundy, Styria, Carinthia and 
 Kain ; Grand-Duchess of Siebenbiirgen, Margravine of Moravia, Duchess 
 of Brabant, Limburg, Luxemburg and Geldern, Wiirtemberg, Upper and 
 Lower Silisia, Milan, Mantua, Parma, Placentia, Anastella, Auschwitz, 
 and Zator, Princess of Suabia, Countess of Habsburg, Flanders, The 
 Tyrol, Hennegan, Riburg, Gorz and Grandisca; Margravine of the Holy 
 Roman Empire, of Burgau, Upper and Lower Lausnitz; Countess of 
 Namur; Lady of the Windisch Mark & Mecheln; Dowager Duchess 
 of Tuscany — declare publicly and make it known to all with this Charter 
 that although the Royal and Archducal Dignity and Highness in which 
 Almighty God in His Paternal Providence has placed Us, is already 
 adorned with exalted and noble men and subjects, We are nevertheless 
 most graciously disposed to raise to higher Honours and Dignities those, 
 who by their unfailing faithfulness, services and good Conduct towards 
 Our Royal and Archducal House, have distinguished themselves, in 
 order to stimulate others also, by means of similar rewards, to imitate 
 good conduct and perform noble deeds. 
 
 Now as We have graciously beheld, weighed and considered the 
 moral goodness and noble virtues, and especially the skill, together with 
 other praiseworthy attributes, with which Our dear and faithful Johann 
 Zoffany has been represented to Us to be possessed and, it having Come 
 to Our Knowledge in what manner he has devoted himself from his 
 youth upwards with indefatigable zeal and preeminently happy results 
 to the Art of Painting, and has gained for himself, because of the special 
 Works of Art, executed by him, the Entire approbation of all Competent 
 judges, and he also professing his readiness to continue his hitherto most 
 faithful sentiments, and most zealous application to the Fine Arts, to 
 Our greatest satisfaction, unto his death, and judging by his good qualities, 
 he can, may and shall do so. We have on careful consideration, good 
 advice and true knowledge, also by virtue of Our Royal and Archducal 
 
 301 
 
302 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Sovereign Power shown Johann Zoffany the special favour of raising 
 him, as well as his legitimate issue and the heirs of their heirs of either 
 sex in direct line for ever to the Dignity of Nobility at the same time 
 We have also added associated and made him equal to the Confederation 
 Society and Community of others of the Holy Roman Empire as well 
 as to persons of noble birth of Our hereditary kingdom hereditary princi- 
 pality and lands and have most graciously conferred upon him the title 
 and honour of EDLER VON. 
 
 We raise to place in and deem them worthy of the rank of nobility. 
 We join them make them equal to and associate them with the Con- 
 federation Society and Community of others of the Holy Roman Empire 
 as well as with persons of noble birth of Our collective Hereditary Kingdom 
 Principality and Lands. We grant permit and suffer that they may 
 henceforth at all future times make use of call themselves bv and signe 
 themselves with the title and honour of EDLER VON ZOFFANY. We 
 intend determine arrange and wish that now and hereafter he Johann 
 Edler Von Zoffany his legitimate issue and the heirs of their heirs of 
 either sex each and every one shall in all honourable and noble matters 
 actions and occupations be considered honoured and called persons of 
 nobility have every honour dignity and privilege liberty right and justice 
 be admitted into spiritual offices chapters high and low functions and 
 fiefs according to the traditional custom of every chapter and like other 
 persons of our feudal association of tournaments and those of the Holy 
 Roman Empire furnish fees sit in judgment find verdicts and administer 
 justice be worthy clement and sympathetic. As a further testimony of 
 his elevation to the rank of nobility we have graciously granted to Johann 
 Edler von Zoffany the following coat of arms of nobility and have per- 
 mitted him to bear in it — a shield standing upright divided horizontally 
 through the centre, its upper field is red and adorned with a golden 
 chevron, in the lower field which is blue two bare arms stretched forth 
 from clouds holding between them a silver ring. Under the latter rises 
 on a small elevation a trifoliated silver sprig of clover. On the shield 
 stands an open nobleman’s tilting helmet, facing the right with a crown 
 and a golden ornament. On either side hang coverings, the one on the 
 right red and gold, the one on the left blue and silver artistically blended. 
 On the helmet stands a sprig of clover similar to the one described above, 
 between two divided buffalo horns, their mouthpieces turned outwards. 
 In front the upper divisions of the buffalo horns are white, the lower 
 ones blue, on the reverse side, the upper divisions are red, the lower 
 ones vellow. We grant and allow Johann Edler von Zoffany his legiti- 
 mate issue and the heirs of their heirs of either sex to use and enjoy the 
 coat of arms of nobility described above, and the red wax seal in all 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 3°3 
 
 honourable and noble matters deeds and affairs in jousts and serious 
 encounters in fights assaults battles combats tournaments tilting fighting 
 knightly games and campaigns on banners tents seals signets jewels at 
 funerals on paintings and in all places and for all purposes to their honour 
 and need at their will and pleasure. And in accordance with our judg- 
 ment and desire the above mentioned is promulgated to all Electors and 
 Princes Spiritual and Temporal Prelates Counts Freemen Gentlemen 
 Knights and Bondmen. And herewith we most graciously order our 
 subordinate authorities inhabitants and subjects of whatever dignity office 
 standing or condition they may be by virtue of this charter to receive 
 consider admit recognise and esteem Johann Edler von Zoffany his 
 legitimate issue and the heirs of their heirs of either sex for ever and at 
 all times as already mentioned herebefore several times like others of 
 the Holy Roman Empire and the feudal lords and associates of tourna- 
 ments of noble birth belonging to our collective principalities and lands. 
 They shall not offend against the favours and privileges enumerated 
 above but shall use and enjoy them peaceably they shall nevertheless 
 defend protect deal with and wholly abide by them they shall not do 
 anything against them neither permit anyone to do so if they wish to 
 avoid incurring our severe punishment and disfavour in addition a penalty 
 of fifty marks of fine gold have of which every one shall irremissably have 
 to pay to our treasury and half to the offended party as often as he acts 
 criminally against these things. Such is our serious intention ratified 
 by the deed of this charter, sealed with our great imperial and royal 
 signet appended. Given at our capital and residential town of Vienna 
 on the 4th day of December in the year 1778 after the glorious birth of 
 Christ our beloved Lord and Saviour and in the thirty-seventh year of 
 our reign. 
 
IMPORTANT PICTURES BY ZOFFANY SOLD BY 
 AUCTION BETWEEN 1819 AND 1910 
 
IMPORTANT PICTURES BY ZOFFANY SOLD BY AUCTION BETWEEN 
 
 1819 AND 1910. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Auctioneer. 
 
 Owner. 
 
 Lot 
 
 No. 
 
 Title. 
 
 Purchaser. 
 
 Sale 
 
 Price. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. d. 
 
 1819. 
 
 July 12 
 
 Robins 
 
 T. Harris 
 
 6 
 
 Townsend as Lame Beggar 
 
 Mayard 
 
 15 
 
 4 6 
 
 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 39 
 
 George Colman the Elder 
 
 
 5 
 
 15 6 
 
 
 
 Farebrother 
 
 Quarr Harris 
 
 55 
 
 Garrick painted for Colman the Elder 
 
 Dyson 
 
 13 
 
 10 0 
 
 i 837- 
 
 June 10 
 
 +5 
 
 David Garrick 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Foster 
 
 
 46 
 
 Mrs. Betterton 
 
 
 
 
 1844. 
 
 Mar. 25 
 
 John Linnett 
 
 27 
 
 Mrs. Fitzherbert 
 
 
 
 
 1855. 
 
 Mar. 17 
 
 Christie 
 
 Duke of Argyll 
 
 76 
 
 Duke of Hamilton, Dr. Moore and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sir John with a Globe on a Table 
 
 
 17 
 
 6 6 
 
 1796. 
 
 May 7 
 
 ,, 
 
 Woolmer 
 
 106 
 
 Foote and Weston as President and 
 
 Brand 
 
 ^8 17 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dr. Last 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 107 
 
 Foote as Major Sturgeon 
 
 
 ^8 17 0 
 
 1810. 
 
 Feb. 24 
 
 .. 
 
 Sir H. L. Gott 
 
 54 
 
 Duke of Cumberland on Horseback 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — Windsor in distance — painted 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 by Lambert, the Horse by Sar- 
 
 r Baagley 
 
 1 5 
 
 15 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 torius 
 
 J 
 
 J 
 
 
 1811. 
 
 May 18 
 
 
 Doratt 
 
 42 
 
 Dr. William Hunter Lecturing 
 
 Bought in 
 
 210 
 
 0 0 
 
 1814. 
 
 July 8 
 
 >> 
 
 M. Berry 
 
 29 
 
 Garrick as Chalkstone 
 
 
 I4 
 
 3 6 
 
 1815. 
 
 Mar. 10 
 
 
 .. 
 
 33 
 
 Mrs. Elliott as Maria as the Citizen 
 
 
 
 
 1819. 
 
 Mar. 8 
 
 
 Mathew Mitchell 
 
 95 
 
 Sequer 
 
 65 
 
 2 0 
 
 ,, 
 
 April 6 
 
 >) 
 
 Duke of Hamilton 
 
 75 
 
 Dr. Samuel Johnson, Mrs. Johnson 
 
 Taylor 
 
 31 
 
 10 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and servant 
 
 
 
 
 1823. 
 
 June 13 
 
 
 George Watson Taylor 
 
 28 
 
 Mrs. Elliott as Maria as the Citizen 
 
 Peacock 
 
 39 
 
 18 0 
 
 
 June 14 
 
 
 >1 ,, ,, 
 
 50 
 
 Mrs. Stevens and favourite Spaniel 
 
 Bought in 
 
 54 
 
 12 O 
 
 „ 
 
 
 )} ,, »» 
 
 4 
 
 Dr. Johnson and Family 
 
 Rev. W. V. 
 
 19 
 
 8 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vernon Thwaites 
 
 
 
 
 June 23 
 
 ,, 
 
 David Garrick 
 
 42 
 
 Garrick and Mrs. Cibber, etc. 
 
 Sequer 
 
 26 
 
 5 o 
 
 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 43 
 
 Garrick as Farmer’s Return 
 
 
 33 
 
 12 0 
 
 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 56 
 
 Garrick as Lord Chalkstone 
 
 Wansey 
 
 21 
 
 10 6 
 
 
 
 ,, 
 
 ,, 
 
 51 
 
 Garrick as Sir John Brute 
 
 Eels 
 
 12 
 
 12 0 
 
 
 ,, 
 
 ,, 
 
 ,, ,, 
 
 59 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Garrick and Mr. 
 
 Sequer 
 
 49 
 
 7 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bowden 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 ,, 
 
 1 5 ,, 
 
 54 
 
 Shakespeare Temple, Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 
 25 
 
 7 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Garrick at tea 
 
 
 
 
 1832. 
 
 Jan. 21 
 
 
 Williams 
 
 48 
 
 View of Charing Cross. Alderman 
 
 Pinney 
 
 11 
 
 0 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Beckford with Remembrance 
 
 
 
 
 1838. 
 
 Mar. 30 
 
 
 M. M. Zackary 
 
 87 
 
 Garrick with a Mask 
 
 Farrer 
 
 11 
 
 0 0 
 
 1840. 
 
 July 4 
 
 ,, 
 
 Sir William Bolland 
 
 50 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Garrick at Hampton 
 
 
 9 
 
 9 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with two dogs 
 
 
 
 
 1849. April 16 
 
 ,, 
 
 James Watt 
 
 44 
 
 William Shenstone with distant 
 
 Norton 
 
 33 
 
 12 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 view of Seawaves. Dodsley Colin. 
 
 
 
 
 1867. 
 
 Nov. 30 
 
 ,, 
 
 C. Wollev 
 
 88 
 
 12th August 
 
 Graves 
 
 20 
 
 9 6 
 
 1883. 
 
 Mar. 3 
 
 
 Sacred Harmonic Society 
 
 81 
 
 Thos. Angus Arne 
 
 Partington 
 
 115 
 
 10 0 
 
 
 
 
 (450 p.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1894. 
 
 June 9 
 
 
 Alexander Dennistoun 
 
 34 
 
 Garden Scene with Figures. 32 x 39 
 
 Agnew 
 
 52 
 
 10 0 
 
 
 July 7 
 
 
 
 98 
 
 Two Ladies with a Gentleman 
 
 Colnaghi 
 
 189 
 
 0 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 35 X 27 
 
 
 
 
 1896. 
 
 June 6 
 
 
 Walter Long 
 
 139 
 
 Garrick and Mrs. Pritchard. 
 
 
 105 
 
 0 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 X 50 
 
 
 
 
 1897. 
 
 May 8 
 
 
 Marquis of Normandy 
 
 103 
 
 Constantine John Phipps. 50 X 4c 
 
 
 52 
 
 10 0 
 
 
 ’Mar. 19 
 
 
 
 104 
 
 Garrick as Sir John Brute. 40 X 50 
 
 
 63 
 
 0 0 
 
 1898. 
 
 
 
 193 
 
 Cock-fight at Lucknow from Warren 
 
 Agnew 
 
 220 
 
 10 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hastings’ Sale, 1853 
 
 
 
 
 1900. 
 
 June 25 
 
 ,, 
 
 Marianna Lady Hamilton 
 
 19 
 
 Sir James Cockbum and Daughter. 
 
 Colnaghi 
 
 95 
 
 15 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 X 28 
 
 
 
 
 
 May 31 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 84 
 
 Gentleman, two sons and dog 
 
 
 105 
 
 0 0 
 
 1902. 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 68 
 
 The Drawinglesson (Palmer Family) 
 
 A. W. 
 
 199 
 
 10 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 X 27 
 
 
 
 
 1903. 
 
 Nov. 28 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 57 
 
 Lady and Gentleman, three daugh- 
 
 J J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ters, two sons and negro page 
 
 )- Colnaghi 1- 
 
 420 
 
 0 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 x 50 
 
 / 1 
 
 
 
 1904. 
 
 Mar. 19 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 130 
 
 Scene from The Decoy. 42 x 45 
 
 Gooden 
 
 105 
 
 0 0 
 
 „ 
 
 June 11 
 
 
 Duke of Cambridge 
 
 Il8 
 
 Maria, Duchess of Gloucester 
 
 Agnew 
 
 420 
 
 0 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 35iX 27 
 
 
 
 
 1905. 
 
 Feb. 25 
 
 
 
 no 
 
 Two boys and Porter with Hare 
 
 Colnaghi 
 
 54 
 
 12 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 X52 
 
 
 
 
 1906. 
 
 Dec. 16 
 
 
 Sir Henry Irving 
 
 154 
 
 David Garrick. 30 X 25 
 
 Pyle 
 
 441 
 
 0 0 
 
 June 16 
 
 
 G. H. Tod Heatly 
 
 154 
 
 Suetonius Grant, Usher and two 
 
 Agnew 
 
 2 73 
 
 0 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Servants. 40 x 45 
 
 
 
 
 1909. 
 
 July 9 
 
 ” 
 
 Sir C. Quilter 
 
 98 
 
 James Quin. 35I x 27J 
 
 Samuelson 
 
 199 
 
 10 0 
 
3°8 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 The foregoing list of Zoffany’s pictures, which have been sold by 
 auction, is taken, by kind permission of Mr. Algernon Graves, F.S.A., 
 from a forthcoming volume of his valuable work, Art Sales from the 
 Eighteenth Century to the early Twentieth Century , the first volume of 
 which was issued in the present year. 
 
 Note of a few other Pictures by Zoffany sold by Auction, 
 TAKEN FROM SLATER’S Art SALES. 
 
 Sotheby's, July 27-30, 1901. 
 
 Zoffany (Johann). Portrait of Margaret [“ This is very doubtful 
 owing to dates. Woffington retired about 1760 — or earlier ”] Woffington, 
 whole-length, in a black velvet dress with white sleeves, holding a long 
 white feather in her right hand, landscape in the background. 22 x 17. 
 
 £h 14 *-. 
 
 An oil painting, and apparently a copy. 
 
 Sotheby's, Dec. 9, 1901. 
 
 Smith (John Raphael). “ The Watercress Girl,” after J. Zoffany. 
 
 £3 9 l8 *- 
 
 (Proof before letters. Believed to be a portrait of a Miss Jane Wallis, 
 whose identity is not established. She is represented half-length, with 
 a basket on her left arm. She wears a hood and a cloak, and her hands 
 are clasped together. Published Sept. 9, 1780. About 15 x 11. See 
 Challoner-Smith, p. 1320, No. 200.) 
 
 Christie's, May 31, 1902. (68.) 
 
 Zoffany (Johann). “ The Drawing Lesson.” The Palmer Family, 
 of Dorney Court, near Windsor, in an apartment, seated round a table. 
 36 x 27. £199 105. 
 
 Christie's, Feb. 1, 1902. (104.) 
 
 Zoffany (Johann). A Young Man with his Black Servant. £44 2s. 
 
 Sotheby's, May 1 a?id 2, 1901. (386.) 
 
 Smith (John Raphael). “ The Watercress Girl,” after J. Zoffany. 
 
 Ll- 
 
 (Proof before letters. This is supposed to be a portrait of a Miss 
 Wallis, but the identity is not satisfactorily established. See Challoner- 
 Smith ’s British Mezzotinto Portraits, p. 1320. The print was published 
 in 1780, and measures some 15 x 11. “ The Watercress Girl ” is a 
 
 half-length figure, with a basket on the left arm.) 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 3°9 
 
 Christie' s, July 4, 1901. (82.) 
 
 Houston (Richard, 1721-1775). Mrs. Yates, as “ Electra,” after 
 Zoffany. £3 1 5 s - 
 
 (There seems to be a portrait of Mrs. Yates as “ Electra,” by Samuel 
 Cotes, engraved by P. Dawe, and published in June 1771. The actress 
 made her first appearance in that character at Drury Lane Theatre on 
 Oct. 15, 1774. It is one of the parts in Voltaire’s Orestes. It seems that 
 Mrs. Yates had not been seen at Drury Lane for eight years. See 
 Genestre’s Some Account of the English Stage , Vol. V. p. 441.) 
 
 Christie' s , July 13, 1901. (30.) 
 
 Zoffany (Johann, R.A., 1733-1810). Portrait of Count Stacpoole 
 holding a book, 30 x 25. .£39 18s. 
 
 (Half-length, seated, the left hand holding a book. The Count is 
 dressed in a blue coat, upon which there is powder from his wig. Nearly 
 full-face.) 
 
PICTURES THAT HAVE NOT BEEN TRACED WITH 
 CERTAINTY UP TO THE PRESENT TIME 
 
PICTURES THAT HAVE NOT BEEN TRACED WITH CERTAINTY UP 
 
 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 
 
 Alexander, W. G., Esq. 
 
 Family group. 
 
 Exhibited at the Whitechapel Spring Exhibition, 1906, No. 82 a. 
 
 Ayton, W. F. 
 
 Portrait of Zoffany himself. 
 
 Exhibited in Suffolk Street in 1833, No. 47. 
 
 Austen, T. J. 
 
 Group representing a garden and water party near Molesey. 
 39 x 49. See under Miss Austin, p. 174. 
 
 Exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1875, No. 244. 
 
 Beaumont, Sir George. 
 
 Macklin as Shy lock. 
 
 Garrick, Bransby and Aicken in Lethe. 
 
 Parsons, Bransby and Watkyns in Lethe. 
 
 Exhibited at the British Institution in 1841, Nos. 81, 120 and 
 124, and two of them exhibited again at the Grosvenor Gallery in 
 1888, Nos. 120 and 126, on which occasion the two groups 
 from Lethe were stated to have been painted in conjunction with 
 R. Wilson, and each of them measured 39 x 49. 
 
 Birch, John, Esq. 
 
 Time clipping the wings of Cupid. 
 
 Exhibited at the British Institution in 1814, No. 13 1. Men- 
 tioned in the addition to the third catalogue. 
 
 Bone, S. V., Esq. 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. Hartley the actress. 
 
 Exhibited at Suffolk Street, 1833, No. 216. 
 
 Brymer, W. E. 
 
 Two portraits of actors, each 29 x 24. 
 
 Exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1893, Nos. 43 and 48. 
 
 313 
 
314 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Charlemont, Earl of. 
 
 Moody as Father Foigard. 
 
 Exhibited at the British Institution, 1867, No. 208. This is 
 probably the picture that belonged to Irving. 
 
 COLNAGHI, THE LATE Mr. MARTIN. 
 
 Group representing George III and family. 39 x 49. 
 
 Bought at Christie’s, January 1897, and believed to have been 
 sold after Mr. Colnaghi’s death. 
 
 Portrait representing Woodward the actor, holding a mask. 
 
 Bought at Christie’s, July 1902, and believed to have been 
 sold after Mr. Colnaghi’s death. 
 
 Group representing Garrick standing in a landscape. 
 
 Bought by Mr. Colnaghi privately, August 1905. Present 
 owner unknown. 
 
 Coote, Eyre. 
 
 Group representing a scene called “ Reading the Direction.” 
 
 Exhibited at the British Institution in 1855, No. 131. It is 
 possible that this may mean the picture that is called “ The 
 Porter and the Hare.” 
 
 Craig, J. T. Gibson, Esq. 
 
 A scene from the opera of The Decoy , or The Harlot's Progress , by 
 Potter, 1733, representing the interior of a room in a register 
 office. 
 
 A man is seated at the table with papers. Before him stands another 
 man in rags. 41 4 x 444 . 
 
 Exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1876, No. 273. 
 
 Davey, Richard, Esq. 
 
 Portrait of Mary Anne Boyle. 
 
 Exhibited at the Fair Women Exhibition at the Grafton Gallery, 
 1894, No. 172. 
 
 Davis, Charles. 
 
 Portrait of Charles Frederick Abel. 
 
 Exhibited at the Musical Exhibition, Grafton Gallery, 1897, 
 No. 72, afterwards sold at Christie’s. 
 
 Edwards, Rev. V. 
 
 Portrait of a child. 
 
 Exhibited at the British Institution, 1863, No. 119. 
 
 Portrait of a lady. 
 
 Exhibited at the British Institution, 1864, No. 128. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 3*5 
 
 Portrait of a gentleman. 
 
 Exhibited at the British Institution, 1864, No. 140. 
 
 This was sold to him by Mr. Colnaghi, who bought it privately 
 
 Forster, Colonel T. H. B. 
 
 Portrait of George Steevens. 32 x 27. 
 
 Exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1912, No. 155. 
 
 Freake, Lady. 
 
 Group representing a lady with a child and doll. 
 
 Exhibited at the Fair Children Exhibition, Grafton Gallery, 
 1895, No. 149. 
 
 Hawkins, the late Sir Caesar. 
 
 Portrait of Pennell Hawkins (1716-1792), Surgeon to George II, 
 Serjeant-Surgeon with his brother, Sir Caesar Hawkins, to George 
 II, Surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital. In plum-coloured coat 
 with powdered wig. 27! x 20L 
 
 Exhibited at the Exhibition of National Portraits at South 
 Kensington, 1867, No. 505. 
 
 Hine, H. G., Esq. 
 
 Portrait of David Garrick. 
 
 Exhibited at the Music Exhibition, Grafton Gallery, 1897, 
 No. 67. 
 
 Irving, the late Sir Henry. 
 
 Portrait of Moody as Foigard. 
 
 Exhibited at the Music Exhibition, Grafton Gallery, 1897, 
 No. 61. 
 
 Kay, Arthur, Esq., of Glasgow. 
 
 Portrait of a lady. 
 
 Exhibited in Glasgow, 1902, No. 130. 
 
 Larkins. 
 
 Zoffany painted a portrait in India of William Larkins, Jr., the 
 Accountant-General of Bengal and friend of Warren Hastings, 
 but it cannot now be found. 
 
 Livett, Rev. G. M. 
 
 Portrait of Mrs. de la Vaux. 
 
 Exhibited at the Spring Exhibition at Whitechapel, 1906, 
 No. no. 
 
316 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Macartney, the Rt. Hon. William Ellison. 
 
 Group representing William Macartney and his wife. 
 
 Exhibited at the Whitechapel Spring Exhibition, 1906, No. 114. 
 
 Rathbone, Mrs. Benson. 
 
 Portrait of a lady. 29 x 24. 
 
 Exhibited in Birmingham, 1900, No. 52. 
 
 Spyer, Sir Edgar. 
 
 Portrait of a lady. 
 
 Exhibited at the Spring Exhibition at Whitechapel, 1906, 
 No. 138. 
 
 Scott, A. J., Esq. 
 
 Portrait of a child. 29 x 24. 
 
 Exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1889, No. 151. 
 
 Portrait of a gentleman. 30 x 24L 
 
 Exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1889, No. 152. 
 
 Selwyn, Mr. 
 
 A Mogul Prince. 
 
 Whitechapel Mohammedan Exhibition, 1908, No. 2. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Portrait group. 35 x 27. 
 
 Exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1891 by Lady Sarah Spencer, 
 and since sold by her. 
 
 Unknown Owner. 
 
 Portrait of Lady Travers. 
 
 Sold by Agnew’s to the Fine Art Society, which they are unable 
 to trace. 
 
 A portrait of Mrs. Orme. 
 
 Sold by Agnew’s to Mr. C. Fairfax Murray. 
 
 A portrait of Edward Gibbon. 
 
 Sold by Agnew’s to Sir G. W. Agnew, and by him sold, but it 
 is not known to whom. 
 
 A portrait of a child. 
 
 Sold by Agnew’s to Mr. L. H. McCormick. 
 
 A portrait of David Garrick. 
 
 Sold by Agnew’s to Lord Brassey, and which he gave away, but 
 does not know to whom it was given. 
 
 A portrait of Miss Ashley. 
 
 Sold by Agnew’s to Mr. E. Fischoff of 50, Rue S. Lazaire, 
 Paris, but which he has sold to some dealer in Italy. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 3*7 
 
 Ward, Mr. T. Humphry. 
 
 Group representing two children and a dog. 
 
 Exhibited at the Spring Exhibition at Whitechapel, 1906, 
 No. 280 — and since sold. 
 
 Wagner, Felix. 
 
 Portrait of David Garrick as Don John. 
 
 Exhibited at the Shakespeare Exhibition at Whitechapel, 1910, 
 No. 92. 
 
 Waldegrave, Countess. 
 
 Group representing Garrick and his wife on the banks of the Thames. 
 Exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1879, No. 34. 42^ x 52 
 
 till-* 
 

 
 
NOTE 
 
 While these pages are passing through the Press our attention has 
 been directed by Dr. Lionel Oust to a curious statement made by Walter 
 C. Metcalfe in his Visitation of Worcester (Exeter, 1883), in the form of 
 an addition to the pedigree of Hastings there given. 
 
 This is to the effect that Warren Hastings’ second wife was the 
 daughter of Zoffany the painter ! ! 
 
 Metcalfe, who could have had no reason for inventing such a state- 
 ment, gives no authority for it, but states it in definite form. 
 
 He gives Mrs. Hastings’ Christian name as Appolonia [ffc]. It was, 
 in fact, Anna Maria Apollonia, and she is always declared to have been 
 the daughter of Baron Chapuset (or Chapusset), by his wife, a lady named 
 St. Valentin. 
 
 The feminine form of the name was Chapusettin, and Mrs. Hastings’ 
 mother is generally spoken of as the Baroness Chapusetin (or Chapu- 
 settin). Mrs. Hastings had a brother who is called Baron Chapuset. 
 
 The family is believed to have been one of those which quitted France 
 after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and the St. Valentins were 
 declared as being also of French descent. The Baroness Chapusetin 
 was living at Stuttgart in 1797, and her visit to Daylesford some time 
 afterwards, when she was seventy-seven years old, is often alluded to in 
 Warren Hastings’ letters. 
 
 She died at Stuttgart in 1807, “ preserving her senses to the last and 
 sending her blessing to her daughter.” 
 
 It is inconceivable that all those who have written about Hastings 
 should have fallen into so grave an error as to his wife’s parentage. Not 
 one of them, so far as we know, have alluded to Mrs. Hastings under 
 any other name than that of Chapuset (or Chapusetin). Metcalfe gives 
 the name of her first husband as Christopher Imhoff. He is usually 
 known as Christopher Adam Carl von Imhoff, and his two children by 
 Apollonia were Sir Charles Imhoff, who married Charlotte, daughter 
 of Sir Charles Blunt, and Julius Imhoff. Metcalfe reverses them, making 
 Julius the elder, but that according to Sydney C. Grier, who has care- 
 fully investigated all the details of the pedigree, is incorrect. The Baron 
 von Imhoff, after the divorce, married Louisa von Schardt, and by her had 
 several children, one of them being the well-known Amalie von Helwig. 
 
 319 
 
320 
 
 JOHN ZOFFANY, R.A. 
 
 Hastings did not marry Apollonia until 1777 , although the divorce 
 from her first husband, Imhoff, had become operative two years before, 
 and we are expressly told that the bride was described in the register as 
 “ Miss Anne Maria Appolonia Chapusettin ” instead of Anna and 
 Apollonia as usually given. In the Appendices to Sydney C. Grier’s 
 Letters of Warren Hastings to his Wife and The Great Proconsul , all the 
 available facts concerning Warren Hastings’ first and second marriages 
 are set out with great fulness of detail and not a word is said concerning 
 any connection with Zoffany. Many of the statements are documented 
 and there seems to be no room left for doubt. 
 
 On the other hand, we do not know the name of Zoffany’s first wife, 
 nor the dates of her marriage or her death, and there is a persistent 
 tradition that she had a child by him, although whether son or daughter, 
 is never stated. If he married her in 1750 she could have had a daughter 
 of twenty-six by 1777 , but Sydney Grier says that the Baron and Baroness 
 Imhoff were married “ not later than 1765,” and “ the marriage may,” she 
 adds, “ have been even earlier.” 
 
 The earliest suggested date for Zoffany’s marriage is 1750, and his 
 daughter is hardly likely to have married at the age of fourteen or fifteen ! 
 
 Apollonia is a well-known Christian name in Styria or in the Car- 
 pathians; not so well known in Germany and at Coblenz, but still quite 
 possible there, but the evidence against the possibility of Baroness Imhoff 
 as she w r as at first, having been the daughter of Zoffany seems to us to 
 be insuperable, and we can only imagine that Metcalfe, a most careful 
 and even fastidious genealogist, has in this statement been led astray. 
 
 Zoffany had no daughter by his second wife, who bore the name of 
 Apollonia. There is considerable confusion about the names of his 
 children owing to carelessness on the part of Mrs. Papendiek, but the 
 names are clearly set out in his will. 
 
 Even, however, if he had such a daughter she would have been far 
 too young to have been the wife first of Baron Imhoff and then of Warren 
 Hastings. 
 
 It must, however, be pointed out that Mr. Metcalfe is in error as regards 
 Hastings’ first wife, although for that there is some excuse as Gleig and all 
 subsequent biographers asserted that Hastings married the widow of a 
 Captain Campbell, and it was not till 1899 that this error was corrected. 
 In that year Mr. Hyde discovered in accidental fashion a bundle of papers 
 in the Calcutta Mayor’s Court Records which proved beyond doubt that 
 Mary Hastings was not the widow of Captain Campbell, but of a certain 
 John Buchanan. Even now there is great uncertainty as to her maiden 
 name, her age, and the date of her wedding. Her age was clearly not 
 that which is given on her tombstone. 
 
INDEX 
 
 A 
 
 A., J. W„ 84 
 Abel, — , 22, 69 
 Academy of St. Luke, 55 
 Acton, 21 
 
 Adam, the brothers, 72 
 Adam, John, 158 
 Adam, William, 158 
 Adventure, 39 
 
 Aiton, — , the botanist, 135 
 Albemarle Street, Zoffany’s house in, 61, 66, 
 78, 80 
 
 Albert, Miss, 78 n. 3 
 Aldworth, Sir Richard, 155 
 Alefounder, John, 102 
 Alexander, Boyd, in 
 Alexander, Claude, in 
 Alexander, Sir Claude, in 
 Alicant, 94 
 Amelia, Princess, 51 
 America, 112 
 Amor, — , 25 
 
 Anderson Collection, the, 54 
 Angelo, Henry, 11 dan. 1 , 14, 15, 17, 119, 
 129 n. 1 , 136 
 Angelo, Mrs., 119 
 Antrobus, Sir Cosmo, 79, 166 
 Archer, John Wykeham, 84 n. % 
 
 Arctic Exploration, 40, 54 
 Arlington Street, an interior in, 156 
 Asaf-ud-daula, Nawab Wazlr of Oudh, 83, 
 85, 86, 87, 92, 93, 94, 95, 10 1, 104, 
 107, 108 
 
 Asch, — , 107, 117, 154 
 Ashmolean Museum, 13 jn. 1 
 Ashwick version of the " Cock Fight ” 
 picture, 85 sqq. 
 
 Asquith, Mrs. H. H., 76 n. 1 
 Astle, Sir Thomas, 122, 124 
 Atholl, 3rd Duchess of, 15, 153 
 Atholl family, 15, 19, 153 
 Atholl, John, 3rd Duke of, 15, 16, 153 
 Atholl Cairn, the, 16 
 Auchincruive, 159 
 Audinet, Philip. 5, 6 
 “ Aunt Peggy,” 19 
 
 Y 
 
 Auriol family, the, no 
 Austen, Jane, 166 
 Austin Friars, 158 
 Avignon, 93 
 
 B 
 
 Bacelli, — , 67 
 
 Bach, Madame, nee Calli, 67, 69 
 
 Bach, Sebastian, 22, 67, 69 
 
 Baddeley, — , 14, 76, 140, 144, 146, 165 
 
 Baddeley, Mrs., 143, 144 
 
 Baillie, Captain William, 14 
 
 Baillie, Colonel John, 85 
 
 Baillie Guard, the, 85 
 
 Baker, Granville Lloyd, 70 
 
 Baker, Sir George Sherston, 73 
 
 Balcony House, Elysium Row, Fulham, 74 
 
 Ballyfin, 100 
 
 Banks, Sir Joseph, 38, 41, 42, 48, 126, 135 
 
 Banister, Charles, 19, 148 
 
 Bannister, John, 145 
 
 Bargello, the, 49 
 
 Baring, Thomas, 77 
 
 Barrington, Viscount, 17 
 
 Barry, — , 73 
 
 Barton, — , 163 
 
 Barton, Miss, 163 
 
 “ Bas Bleu Club,” the, 163 
 
 Basire, — , 38 
 
 Baskerville, Colonel, 20 
 
 Bass, Sir William, 156 
 
 Bath, 32 
 
 Bautebart, — , 69 
 Beachcroft, Miss Ellen, 128, 13 1 
 Beachcroft, Miss S. J., 127, 128, 13 1 
 Beachcroft, Mrs. Robert, nee Claudina 
 Sophia Anne Zoffany, 13 1, 133, 134 
 Beachcroft, Robert, 3, 13 1 
 Beachcroft, Samuel, 13 1 
 Beachcroft, Sir Melvill, 3 
 Beadle, Colonel J. P., 104 
 Beard, — , 140, 143 
 Beauclerk, Topham, 160 
 Beckford, — , 138 
 Bedford, Duke of, 156 
 
322 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Bell, Moberly, 76 
 Bellamy, Miss, 8 
 Bellodi, — , 5 
 
 Bentinck, Lord Charles John, 164 
 Berrington, East Indiaman, 98 
 Berry, the Misses Mary and Agnes, 1 58, 1 59 
 Berry, Robert, 158 cfbw. 1 
 Berry, William, later William Ferguson 
 ( q . v.), 157-8 <£• n. 1 
 Bevan, Mrs., 100 
 Bhac Begum, the, 93 
 Bhagalpur, 90 
 Bianchi, — , 63 
 Bingham, — , 156 
 Black Hole of Calcutta, the, 99 
 Blackwood, 75 
 
 Blair Atholl, 15, 16-17, 153, 156, 164 
 Blair, Colonel, hi 
 B lair, Miss, in 
 Blair, Mrs., in 
 Blaldston, Dr., 112 
 Blaquiere, — , 10 1 
 Bleackley, Horace, 74 
 Blue-Stockings, the, 163, 164 
 Blunt, Captain, in 
 Bolaine, Betty, miser, 135 
 Bologna, 55 
 Bombay, 96 
 Bonomi, Joseph, 72-3 
 Boothby, Miss, 53 n. 2 
 Boothby, Sir T., 166 
 Boothby, Sir William, 53 n. 2 , 54, 160 
 Borghese, Prince, 122 
 Boswell, James, 79 
 Boulone Begum, the, 106 
 Boutflower, Dr., 155 
 Bowden, — , 141 w. 1 , 142 
 Bowles, Chigwell, Essex, 154 
 Boydell, — , 147, 165 
 Bradney, Colonel, 19, 155 
 Bridgeman, William, 109, 112 
 Bridgetower, — , negro violinist, 117c bn. 2 , 
 118 
 
 Brighton, 163, 166 
 Brighton portraits, the, 164 
 Brilliant, East Indiaman, 1 16 n. 4 , 125 
 Bristol, 2nd Earl of, William Henry, 162 
 Bristol, 3rd Earl of, John Augustus, 152 
 Bristol, 4th Earl of, Frederick Augustus, 
 Bishop of Derry, 163 
 Bristol, 4th Marquis of, 15 1-2, 162 
 British Museum, 142 
 Britridge, R., 98 
 Broad Street, Austin Friars, 158 
 Bronze, Nolleken’s servant, 136 
 Broughton, Delves, family, 78 n . 3 
 Browne, Lady, 77 
 Browne, Rev. C. C. Murray, 72 
 Bruce, James, 54, 62, 63 
 
 Bruere, Mrs., and her children, 107 
 
 Buccleuch, 7th Duke of, 146 
 
 Buckingham House, 22-3 
 
 Bulwer, Sir Henry, 152 
 
 Buon’ Fratelli, Convent of, Rome, 4 
 
 Burgess, — , 119 
 
 Burke group, the, 128 
 
 Burke, John, j6n. 3 , 157 
 
 Burke, Mrs. John, 157 
 
 Bums, Cecil, 97 
 
 Burns, Robert, 159 
 
 Burton, — , 26, 27 
 
 Burton, William, 165 
 
 Bute, 3rd Earl of, 17, 36 
 
 Butler, author of Hudibras, 48 
 
 Byron, 5th Lord, 73 
 
 C 
 
 Cadland, 20 
 
 Calcutta, 81, 90, 97, 98, 99, 105, 108 
 Calley, General, 76 
 Calli, Signora (Madame Bach), 67 
 Calvert’s Brewery, 2jn. 1 
 Calze, — , 23 
 
 Cambridge, H.R.H. the Duke of, 164 
 
 Canterbury, 135 
 
 Carden, — , 124 
 
 Carey, — , 99, 10 1 
 
 Carl ini, — , 31 
 
 Carlisle, 5th Earl of, 26 cfb n . 2 , 27, 139 
 Carlisle, nth Earl of, 14, 18, 146 
 Carnac, General, 94 
 
 Caroline, Queen, wife of George II, 21, 152 
 
 Carter, Mrs. Elizabeth, 163 
 
 Cartwright, Mrs., 112 
 
 Castle Howard, 26, 27 
 
 Cator, William, 111 
 
 Cator, Mrs., nee Sarah Morse, 111 
 
 Chamberlain, William, 138 
 
 Chambers, Lady, 112 
 
 Chandenagar, 94 
 
 Chapusetten, Anna Maria, Baroness Imhoff 
 (Mrs. Warren Hastings, q.v.), 97 n. 1 
 Chardin, — , 35 
 
 Charlemont, 1st Earl of, 15 n. 1 
 Charleston, S. C., 28 
 Charlotte, Princess, 26 
 Charlotte, Queen, 25, 26, 35 & n. \ 36, 37, 
 43, 51, 61, 69, 71, 100, 1 16, 164 
 Charteris, Evan, 14m. 1 , 144, 165 
 Chase, — , raconteur, 76 
 Chase, Mrs. Ann, 132, 135 
 Chiswick, 15, 68, 70, 159 et alibi 
 Christiana, Princess of Mecklenburg, 35, 36 
 Christie, — , auctioneer, 44 
 Chudleigh, Elizabeth (Duchess of Kingston), 
 152 
 
INDEX 
 
 323 
 
 Chunar, 92 
 Churchill, — , xi 
 
 Cibber, Mrs., 10, 140, 14 1 n. 1 , 147 
 Ciccio, 1 ’ Abate (Soiimena), 3 
 Ciciez, Armand, 134 
 Cipriani, 32 
 
 Clare, Lord (later Earl Nugent), 19 
 Clare Hall, 72 
 
 Clarke, — , of Princes Street, 166 
 
 Clarke, — , 114 
 
 Clint, — , 1 51 
 
 Clive, Kitty, 158 
 
 Clive, Lord, 55 
 
 Clivedon, 158 
 
 Clytie, famous bust of, 122 <fc n 2 . 
 
 Coblenz, 4, 47, 48, 58 
 Cock, — , auctioneer, 13 
 Cockburn, Miss, 159 
 Cockburn, Sir James, 6th Baronet, 159 
 Cocks’ family, the, 160 
 Cocks, Thomas Somers, 160 
 Coke, Miss (Lady Sherborne), 154 
 Coke, Thomas, of Holkham, 1st Earl of 
 Leicester, 154 
 
 College House, Chiswick, 159 
 Colman, — , 144 
 Colnaghi, Messrs., 77 
 Compton Verney, 153 
 
 Constantia (now the Martiniere), 105-6, 132 
 
 Cook, Captain, 38 sqq., 41, 80 
 
 Coore, Colonel, 157 
 
 Coote, Sir Eyre, 100, 107, 108 
 
 Copley, J. S., 151 n. 1 
 
 Cork, Edmund, Earl of, 156 
 
 Cornish, Admiral Sir Samuel, 40 
 
 Cornwall, Colonel, 155 
 
 Cornwallis, Marquis, 91, 95, 102, 107, 112, 
 
 113 
 
 Cornwallis, East Indiaman, 98 
 Corregio, 55 
 Corsi, Princess, 52 
 Cosway, — , 32, 54 
 Cosway, Mrs., 53, 67 
 Cotton, H. E. A., 102, 103 
 Cowper, Countess, nee Hannah Anne Gore, 
 5 L 52, 53 
 
 Cowper, 2nd Earl, 52 
 Cowper, 3rd Earl, 50, 51, 59, 62, 63, 64 
 Cowper, 6th Earl, 53 
 Cox, Colonel, 156 
 Craigvenian, Hill of, 16 
 Craufurd, Ronald, 158 
 Craven Street, 31 
 Crawford, 27th Earl of, 165 
 Crooks, William, 86 
 Crosse, Mrs., 136 n. 3 
 Cunliffe, A. P., no 
 Curzon, Earl, 97, 99, 103 
 Cust, Dr. Lionel, 36 
 y 2 
 
 D 
 
 Dalhousie, Earl of, 107 
 Dalhousie Institute, the, 104 
 Dali, — , 34 
 
 Dance, Nathaniel (Sir Nathaniel Holland) 
 
 30, 40 
 
 Dartmouth, 4th Earl of, 62, 63 
 Dashwood family, the, 110 
 Dashwood, Sir Henry, 156 
 Dava, province of, 1 1 1 
 Davies, Randall, 137, 15m . 1 
 Davies, W. J., 126, 128 
 Dawkins, Colonel Henry, 85 
 Day, Sir John, 95 
 Daylesford House, 84, 85, 88, 89 
 De Castro, Daniel, 164 
 De Castro, Mrs. Daniel, 164 
 Delany, Mrs., 142 
 Delhi, 82, 96 
 Dent family, the, 112 
 
 Derby, Countess of, nee Eliza Farren (q. v.), 
 
 150 
 
 Derby, 11th Earl of, 149, 150 
 
 Derry, Bishop of, 4th Earl of Bristol, 163 
 
 Desart, 5th Earl of, 166 
 
 Devis, Arthur W., 98, 151 
 
 De Wilde, — , 151 
 
 D’Hancarville, Pierre Franjois Hugues, 122, 
 124 
 
 Dibdin, Charles, 152 
 Dibdin, Miss, 152 
 Dibdin, Mrs. (the second), 152 
 Dick, Sir John, 58, 62, 63, 64 
 Digby, Rev. Charles, 156 
 Dixon, John, 139 
 Dobson, Austin, 110 
 Dodd, Dr., 119 
 Doggett, Thomas, 19 
 Dollond, Peter, 35 
 Doran, Dr., 49, 51, 52, 53, 146 
 Doratt, Lady, nee Theresa Zoffany, 47, 130, 
 132, 134, 136 
 Doratt, Sir John, 130 
 Dorney Court, Bucks, 155 
 Dorset, 3rd Duke of, 159 
 Doughty, — , 63 
 Doyle, Sir John, 98 
 Drummond; Andrew, 20, 163, 164 
 Drummond family, the, 20 
 Drummond, Maldwin, 20, 28 
 Drury Lane, 31 
 Drury Lane Theatre, 78, 150 
 Dryander, Jonas, 135 
 Dumerque, Charles, 136 c b«. 3 
 Dumfries, Countess of, 158 
 Duncombe, Henry, 165 
 Dundas, Lady, Elizabeth, 157 
 
324 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Dundas, Rt. Hon. Robert, 1 57 
 Dunstall, — , 140 
 
 Durham, 3rd Earl of, 37, 38, 140, 14 1 <b n. \ 
 165 
 
 Dutens, — , 53 
 
 Dutton, Jane (Countess of Leicester), 154 
 Dutton, Janies (1st Lord Sherborne), 154 
 Dutton, Mr. and Mis., 154 
 
 E 
 
 E -. 44 
 
 Earland, Miss, 73 
 
 Earlom, — , 20, 24<fe«. 1 , 33, 84, 89, 94, 
 95, 120, 125, 144 
 East India Company, 79, 81, 90 
 Edward, Prince (son of George III), 22 
 Edwards, Edward, 72 
 
 Ehrich Gallery, New York, 20, 151, 155, 156, 
 166 
 
 Elmes, James, 84 
 Ellis, Mistress, 65 
 
 Ernst, Prince, of Mecklenburg, 34, 35, 36 
 Erslcine, Lady Charlotte (Countess of Mar), 
 75 
 
 Essex, 7th Earl of, 141 ft . 1 
 Etty, William, 63 
 
 F 
 
 Farhad Buxsh, 105 
 
 Farren, Eliza (later Countess of Derby), 68 
 78, 148, 149, 150, 166 n. - 
 Farrens, the, 77 
 Fawkes, Sir Wilmot, 19 
 Fawkes, W. R. B., 156 
 Fenton, Miss, 19 
 Ferguson, Mrs., 158 
 
 Ferguson, Mrs. Robert, nee Townsend, 159 
 Ferguson, Robert, 158, 159 
 Ferguson, Sir R. C. Munro, 157 
 Ferguson, William, 128, 157 sqq. 
 
 Finch, Lady Charlotte, 36 
 Fisher, — , 150 
 Fitzgerald, Percy, 14 1 
 Fitzgerald, George, 152 
 Fitzgerald, Lady Mary, nee Hervey, 152, 
 162, 163 
 Fladgate, — , 6 
 
 Fleet Street, Sayer’s warehouse in, 33 
 Fleischmann, Mrs., 163 
 Florence, the Tribuna at, 43 sqq. 
 
 Foote, — , 14, 27, 143, 146, 147 n. 1 
 Forbes, Admiral, 158 
 Forbes, James, 95 
 
 Fordwich, Lord (later 3rd Earl Cowper), 52 
 Forrest, Theophilus, 12 
 
 Fosbrook, — , 14-15 
 Foster, William, 80-1, 95 
 Fox, Charles James, 74, 166 
 Frankfort-on-Main, birth-place of Zoffany, 
 3, 127 c bn. y , 167 n. 1 
 
 Frederick, Prince (son of George III), 17 
 
 Friedlander, — , 15 
 
 Fulham Church, 70 
 
 Fulham House, 71 
 
 Fullerton, Mrs., 158 
 
 Fuseli, — , 26 n. 2 , 54, 72 
 
 G 
 
 Gainsborough, Thomas, 32, 135, 166, 167 
 Garle, Acton, 17 
 Garrard, — , 2 yn. 1 
 Garratt Common, 147 n . 1 
 Garrick, David, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 
 26, 37, 129 n , b 137 n. \ 139 sqq., 142, 
 
 165 
 
 Garrick, George, 18, 141 
 Garrick, Mrs., 7, 8, 37, 79, 141, 142 
 Garrick Club, the, 7, 140, 141M. b 143 sqq., 148 
 Garrick’s villa at Chiswick, 14 1-3 et alibi 
 Genoa, 48 
 
 Georg, Prince of Mecklenburg, 35 
 George, Prince of Wales (George IV), 17, 
 35- 36, 37- 6l - 6S, 69 
 George II, 51 
 
 George III, 17, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 
 34, 35 c bn. 1 , 42, 49, 50, 71, 73, 78, 
 79, 115, 118, 138, 144, 145 
 George V, 33, 64; on Zoffany, 113 
 Ghauzea-ud-Din Hyder, of Oudh, 85 
 Gibraltar, battle of (1782), 75 
 Gilbert, Sir William, 64 n. 1 
 Glasgow, 20, 1 61 
 Gledstone, 156 
 
 Gloucester, Duchess of, Maria, Countess 
 Waldegrave, nee Walpole, 164 
 Glovers’ Company, the, 136 
 Glynn, Sergeant, 40, 75 
 Goethe, W. A., 52 
 
 Golding, Lieutenant William, 88, 93 
 
 Goldman, Hon. Mrs., 15, 154 
 
 Goldsmith, Oliver, n 
 
 Gora Bibi, the, 106 
 
 Gordon, — , 63 
 
 Gordon Riots, the, 73 
 
 Gore, Charles, 52, 53 
 
 Gore, Emily, 53 
 
 Gore family, 52-3 
 
 Gore, Hannah Anne, Countess Cowper, 51, 52 
 
 Gore, Mrs., 53 
 
 Grafton, Duke of, 155 
 
 Grafton, 3rd Duke of, 51 
 
 Graham, Lady Christian, 75 
 
INDEX 
 
 325 
 
 Graham, Sir Bellingham, 65 
 Graham, Sir Reginald, 65 
 Granby, John, Marquis of, 29 n.- 
 Grande Duchesse , ship, 108 
 Granger, — , 138 
 Grantham, last Earl of, 52 
 Gray, Thomas, 153 
 Great Mogul, the, 107 
 Great Piazza, Covent Garden, 11, 137 
 Great St. Andrew’s Street, Seven Dials, 5 
 Green, Captain William, R.N., 112 
 Green, Mrs. William, nee Temperance 
 Heatly, hi, 112 
 Green, Valentine, 38 
 Greene, — , 6 
 Greenwich, 40 
 Gregory, Robert, 87, 88, 94 
 Gregory, Sir William, 94 
 Gresse, John A., 21 & n . 1 sqq. 
 
 Greville, Charles, 122, 124 
 
 Greville, Mrs. Fullc, nee Catherine Graham, 
 
 65 
 
 Grignion, — , 31 
 Grose, Francis, 21 sqq. 
 
 Grundy, — , 138 
 Guercino, 13 
 
 Gupte, Rai Bahadur B. A., 97 
 Gwynn, John, 31, 32 
 
 H 
 
 Haberdashers’ Company, the, 136 
 Hadrian’s Villa, treasures of, 122 
 Haid, J., 147 
 
 Haidar Beg (Hyder Beg Khan), 95, 104, 
 112 <L‘ n . 4 , 113, 125 
 Halifax, Earl of, 75 
 Hall, John, engraver, 5, 31 
 Hallam, — , 147 n . 2 
 
 Halswelle, The, East Indiaman, wreck of, 81, 
 82 
 
 Hamilton, Lady, 124 
 Hampden, John, 75 
 Hanson, Dr., 163 
 Harding, Sylvester, 165 
 Harris, — , and his sister (later Mrs. Long- 
 man), 164 
 
 Harrow-on-the-Hill, 20 
 Hart Street, Bloomsbury, 114 
 Hasan, or Hazan Raza Khan, 83, 87, 91, 92, 
 93, 108 
 
 Hastings, Mrs. Warren, 90, 97, 98 
 Hastings, Warren, 80, 84, 85, 90, 94, 97, 98, 
 102, 105, 107, 1 13, 136 n . 2 
 Hawaii, murder at, of Cook, 40 
 Hawkesworth, W. R. B. (later Fawkes), 105, 
 156 
 
 Hayes, — , 146 
 
 Hayman, Francis, 29 <k n . 2 , 30, 31 
 Hazlitt, William, 144 
 Heatly, Patrick, 112 
 Heatly, Suetonius Grant, 111 
 Heatly, Temperance (Mrs. William Green), 
 hi, 112 
 
 ITeber, Bishop Reginald, 85 
 Hervey, Captain the Honble. John Augustus 
 (3rd Earl of Bristol), 152 
 Hervey, Colonel the Honble. William, 163 
 Hervey, Felton, 63 
 
 Hervey, George William, 2nd Earl of Bristol, 
 163 
 
 Hervey, Lady, wife of John, Lord Hervey, 
 nee Polly Lepel, 152, 163 
 Hervey, Lady Caroline, 162, 163 
 Hervey, Lady Emily, 162, 163 
 Hesketh, Mrs. Everard, 13 1, 135 
 Hill, S. C., 112 
 Hoare, — , 32 
 Hobson, R. L., 25 
 
 Hodges, William, 14, 39, 40, 41, 80, 108 
 Hodgson, Mr., Mrs. and family, 154-5 
 Hodson, of Hodson’s Horse, 107 
 Hogarth, William, 10, 56, 12 1, 137, 139, 140, 
 141, 1 51 n. 1 , 167 
 Holden, — , 166 
 
 Holland, Sir Nathaniel (formerly Dance), 30, 
 40 
 
 Holme Park, near Reading, 155 
 
 Holt, Richard, 124 
 
 Holwell, John Zephaniah, 98-9 dan . 1 
 
 Hone, Nathaniel, 32, 99 
 
 Hope, Admiral Sir Charles, 75 
 
 Hope, Mrs., 6 
 
 Hopetoun, 1st Earl of, 75 
 
 Hopkins, Sir John, wife and family, 19, 155 
 
 Hoppner, John, 13512. 1 
 
 Horne, Dr. Thomas, jun., 131, 132, 134 
 
 Home, Dr. Thomas, sen., 131 cb n. 2 
 
 Horne, Miss, 132 
 
 Horne, Mrs., nee Cecilia Zoffany, 47, 132 
 Horse Guards Parade, the, 9 
 ITotham, 3rd Lord, 138 
 Houston, — , 27 
 Huddersford, George, 138 
 Hudson, Thomas, 6 
 Hume, Rev. — , 1 56 
 Humphreys, Ambrose, 137 
 Humphreys, Lieutenant Isaac, 92, 94 
 Humphreys, the waterman, 68 
 Humphry, Ozias, 13, 54, 92, 94, 10S, 13522. l , 
 166 
 
 Hunter, Dr.. 54, 55 
 
 Hunter, Sir William, 32 
 
 Hussey family, 160 
 
 Hutchinson, Mrs., 76 
 
 Hyder Beg Khan, see Haidar Beg Khan. 
 
326 
 
 INDEX 
 
 1 
 
 ICKWORTH, 1 51 
 Imhof, General Sir Charles, 85 
 Imhoff, Baroness (Mrs. Warren Hastings, 
 q.v.), 97 n . 1 
 Impey, Lady, no 
 Impey, Sir Elijah, 99, no 
 India, Zoffany’s visit to, 45, 66, 72, 76 n. 4 , 
 78 sqq., 1 13, 1 58 
 India House, the, 90 
 Indian Mutiny, the, 86, 87, 95, 107 
 Irving, Sir Henry, 1 5 
 Isis, the, 1 56 
 Italy, Zoffany in, 42 sqq. 
 
 Izard, Ralph, 27, 28 
 
 J 
 
 Jackson, Thomas, 19 
 Jamaica, 138 
 Jellowlee, 82 
 Jervis, Mrs., 21 
 Jervois, — , 118 
 
 Johnson, — , see Johnstone, George 
 Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 79, 112, 124, 142 
 Johnston, Rev. W., 103 
 Johnstone, George, 92, 94 
 Jonathan, gardener at Clare Hall, 72 
 Jones, Sir William, 95 
 Jonson, Ben, 139 
 
 Joseph II, Emperor, 47, 51, 52, 56, 7S 
 
 K 
 
 Kam, a dog, 122 
 
 Kaufmann, Angelica, R.A., 32, 33 
 Kedgeree, 81 
 
 Kempenfelt, Captain Richard, R.N., 40 
 Kennaway, Sir John (1788), 95 
 Kennedy, Dr., 119 
 Kennedy, Mrs. Alexander, 95 
 Keppel Place, Fitzroy Square, 148 
 Kew Church, 118 
 Kew Churchyard, tomb in, 135 
 Kew House, 23, 59 
 King, Captain, 122 
 King, Thomas, 71, 143, 144, 148 
 Kingston, Duchess of, nee Elizabeth Chud- 
 leigh, 152 
 
 Kirkcaldy Burghs, 159 
 Kirkcaldy Grammar School, 159 
 Kneller, Sir Godfrey, 12 
 Knight, Thomas, 125, 148 
 Knightley, Valentine, 63 
 Ivnoedler, Messrs., yon. 1 , 71 
 Kyte, Mrs., 165 
 
 L 
 
 Landon, Mrs., nee Palmer, 155 
 Lane, John, 19 n. 1 , 40 n. 1 , y6n. z , 79 n. 1 , 
 126, 137 n . 1 
 
 Lansdowne, 5th Marquis of, 146 
 Lausanne, 93 
 
 Lawrence, Sir Thomas, 149 
 Lawrie, — , 164 
 
 Leeds Castle, Kent, 131, 132 & n . 1 
 Leicester, Countess of, nee Jane Dutton, 154 
 Leicester, 1st Earl of, 154 
 Leipsig, 56 
 
 Leonardo da Vinci, 137 
 Lepel, Mary (Lady Hervey), 152, 163 
 Leslie and Taylor, Messrs., 61 n . 2 
 Lewis, — , 144 
 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, 15 
 Lincolnshire, 1st Marquis of, 25 & n . 1 
 Linley, Miss (Mrs. Sheridan), 67 
 Little Strawberry Hill, 158 
 Locker, E. H., 38 
 
 Locker, Mrs. John, nee Stillingfleet, 163 
 Locker-Lampson, Godfrey, M.P., 38, 163 
 Logan, R., 64 
 
 London Style, Brentford, Zoffany’s villa at, 
 44-5 
 
 Longcroft, Thomas, 82 
 
 Longhi, — , 167 
 
 Longman, — , 164 
 
 Longman, Mrs., nee Harris, 164 
 
 Lorain-Smith, — , 63 
 
 Lord Macartney, East Indiaman, 81 
 
 Loretto, 56 
 
 Lowe, Mauritius, 9 
 
 Lucan, 2nd Earl of, 160 
 
 Lucknow, 80, 83, 84, 104 sqq. ; siege of, 107 
 
 Lumsden, John, 100 
 
 Lunardi, — , balloonist, 165 
 
 Lyons, — , 5 
 
 Lyons, 105 
 
 M 
 
 Macaulay, Lord, 89 
 McCalmont, Sir Hugh, 163 
 Mackintosh, Sir James, 96 
 Macldin, Thomas, 146 
 Macleod of Macleod, 112, 166 
 Macleod groups, the, 112 
 Macpherson, Sir John, 94 
 Maddison, John, 76 <b v. -, 79, 81, 114 
 Madhava Rao Sindhia, Mahadji Sindhia, 96, 
 97 
 
 Madhavrav II, Peshva of Poona, 98 
 Madras, 81 
 
 Mainwaring, Mrs. Kynaston, 57 
 Malone, — , 11 
 Manigault, Louis, 28 
 
INDEX 
 
 327 
 
 Manila, 40 
 
 Mann, Sir Horace, 48, 49, 50, 56, 58, 59, 60, 
 61, 63 
 
 Manning, W. Westley, 108 
 Manor House Farm, near Kew, 131, 132 <£■ n . 1 
 Mansfield, 3rd Earl of, r2r 
 Mar, Countess of, nee Lady Charlotte 
 Erslcine, 75 
 
 Maria Christina, Archduchess, 56-7 
 Maria Theresa, Empress, 56, 57, 68, 78, 134 
 Marshall, Robert, 160 
 Marshman, — , 10 1 
 Marshman, John Clark, 98, 10 r 
 Martin, Colonel, of Leeds Castle, 130 
 Martin, Colonel (later Major-General), Claud, 
 80, 81, 82, 91, 92, 104 sqq., 107, 
 
 108, 128, 130, 132 
 
 Martin, James, or Zulficar Khan, 106 
 Martiniere, the, at Lucknow, ro5, 106-7, 
 
 109, 130 
 
 " Martiniere Post, The,” 107 
 Mason, J. and W., 137 
 Mathias, Gabriel, 64-5 
 Mathias, James T., 64 
 Maugham, Somerset, 147 
 Mayne, Lieutenant Otway, 107 
 Melville, Viscountess, 157 
 Meyer, Miss, 116 
 
 Meyers, Jeremiah, 29 cb n. 1 , 31, 72 
 Middleton, Mrs. N., nee Anne Frances Morse, 
 hi 
 
 Middleton, Nathaniel, 93 & n . 2 , in 
 Mir Jafar, and his son Miran, 112 
 Mirza Ali Khan, 93 
 Mirza Jewaun Burkht, Shazada, 107 
 Montague, Mrs., 163 
 Montgomery, Sir Robert, 10 1 
 Montrose, 2nd Duchess of, 77 
 Moran, Jemmy, bookseller, 11 
 Mordaunt, Charles (3rd Earl of Peter- 
 borough), 89 
 Mordaunt, Henry, 89 
 
 Mordaunt, Colonel John, 83, 84, 86, 87, 
 89 sqq., 92 
 
 Mordaunt, Sir Charles, the late, and his 
 ancestor of that name, 72 
 Morgan, J. Pierpont, 149 n . 2 
 Morse, Anne Frances (Mrs. Middleton), m 
 Morse, Robert, in 
 Morse, Sarah (Mrs. Cator), in 
 Mortimer, John Hamilton, 11 sqq., 126, 151 
 Moser, George M., 31, 33, 34 
 Moser, Mary, R.A., 26 n. 2 , 32 
 Mother George, 138 
 Mount Edgcumbe, 1st Earl of, 63 
 Mul grave. Lady, nee Lady Lcpel Hervey, 
 152, 162, 163 
 
 Mulgrave, Lord (Commander Phipps), 40, 
 54, 152, 163 
 
 Muller, — , 22 
 Muncaster, Lord, 165 
 Munden, — , 144, 145 
 Murray, J., 98 
 
 Murray, Lady Charlotte, 153 
 Murray, Lord James, 153 
 Musawar Khan, 86, 87 
 
 N 
 
 Nagaphon Ghut, 108 
 
 Nana Fadnavia, 98 
 
 National Gallery, the, 138 et alibi 
 
 Navy Board, the, 39 
 
 Nesbitt, Arnold, & Co., 15 n. x 
 
 New York, 20, 71 
 
 Nichols, — , 38 
 
 Noel, - — (later Lord Wentworth), 156 
 
 Noel, Hon. Roden, 147 n . 2 
 
 Nollekens, Joseph, 5, 15, 73, 136 
 
 Norfolk, H.M.S., 40 
 
 North, Lord, 74 
 
 Northcote, — , 66, 82 
 
 Northgate, — , 73 
 
 Norton Conyers, 65 
 
 Nugent, Dr., 19 
 
 Nugent, 1st Earl (Lord Clare), 19 
 Nugent, Sir E. C., 19 
 
 O 
 
 O’Hagan, Lord, 121, 122, 124 
 Old Buckingham House, 36 
 Oldenbuck, Aldobrand, 106 
 Oldfield, Canon, 112 
 Oldfield, Miss Zoffany, 133 n . 1 
 Oldfield, Mrs., 66, 68, 119, 126, 129 
 Oliver, Dr. William, 124 dbn . 2 
 Oliver, Laura C. R., 135 
 Oliver, Lewis Bently, 132 
 Oliver, Mrs. Lewis Bently, nee Laura Helen 
 Constantia Zoffany, 13 1-2, 133, 
 135 
 
 Opie, John, 73, 138 
 
 Orford, 4th Earl of (Horace Walpole, q.v.), 
 158 
 
 Oriental Club, the, 86 
 Orpen, Sir William, 35 
 Orr, James, 87, 92, 94 
 Oswald, James Townsend, 159 
 Oswald, Mrs. James, nee Townsend, 159 
 166 n . a 
 
 Otway, Thomas, 147c bn." 
 
 Oudh, 107 n . 2 
 
 Oudh, the Nawab WazTrs of, 83 
 Over Norton House, 85 
 Oxford, 156 
 
328 
 
 INDEX 
 
 p 
 
 Paddington, 69 
 
 Palmer, ]., 1 1, 26, 27 
 
 Palmer, Miss (Mrs. Landon), 155 
 
 Palmer, Mrs. 11 
 
 Palmer, Mrs. Robert, 155 
 
 Palmer, Robert, 155-6 
 
 Panshanger, 64 
 
 Papendiek, Mr., 77, 78, 114, 115, 116, 118, 
 130 
 
 Papendiek, Mrs., 4, 43, 45, 66 sqq., 77, 
 129 sqq., 148, 149 
 Park Sti'eet (No. 7), 121 
 Parks, Mrs. Fanny, 86 
 Parma, 55 
 
 Parry, Sir Hubert, 40 
 Parry, Thomas, 40 
 Parry, Thomas Gambier, 40 
 Parsons, William, 145, 148 
 Parthenio, Father, 102 
 
 Pasquin, Anthony (John Williams), 5, 8, 
 28,55 sqq., 112-13, 120-1 
 Patch, Thomas, 49, 63 
 Patna, 95 
 Pauli, — , 100, 10 1 
 Pearce, Edward, of Camelford, 165 
 Penrhyn, 3rd Lord, 72 
 Pepys, Captain, 111 
 Perceval, Mrs. Spencer, 128, 157 
 Peter Pindar, 120 n. '- 
 
 Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl 
 of, 89 
 
 Peterborough, 4th Earl of, 89 
 Peters, — , 161 
 Philadelphia, 64 
 Phillips, Lieutenant, 40 
 Phillips, Sir Claud, 167 
 
 Phipps, Commander, R.N. (later Lord Mul- 
 grave), 40, 54, 152, 163 
 Pickford, Rev. John, 84 n . 1 
 Pierce, Captain, 81 
 Pigot, Lieutenant John, 92, 94 
 Pine, — , 140 
 Piozzi, Mrs., 148 
 Pitcairn, — , 135 
 Pitt, William, 77 
 Plymouth, 4th Earl of, 62, 63, 64 
 Plymouth, 39 
 
 Polier, Colonel Antoine, 82, 89, 92, 93, 10S, 
 109 
 
 Porna, the dog, 71, 74 
 Poona, 96 
 Pope, the, 122 
 Pope, Alexander, 146, 152 
 Portland, 3rd Duchess of, 142 
 Portland, 6th Duke of, 165 
 Portland, William, Earl of, 164 
 Portland Vase, the, 122 
 
 Portugal Row (later Street), 15 
 Pougens, Madame de, nee Sayers, 38, 160 
 Poussin, Nicolas, 12912. 1 
 Powell, — , 82, and his family, 7 
 Prague, 3 
 
 Preston, Robert, 81 
 Price, Sir Charles, 124 &n . 2 
 Prideaux-Brune, Colonel, 40, 74 
 Princes Street, 166 
 
 Princess Royal, the (Queen of Wurtemburg), 
 36, 37 
 
 Pritchard, Mrs., 140 
 
 Proctor, George Beauchamp, 156 
 
 Proctor, Sir Thomas Beauchamp, 156 
 
 Prowse, Mrs., nee Elizabeth Sharp, 71, 72 
 
 Prussia, King of, 122 
 
 Pym, Francis, 156 
 
 Pyigo Park, 124 
 
 Q 
 
 Queen Anne Street (No. 60), 155 
 Queen Anne’s Gate (No. 14), 12 1 
 Queensberry, Duchess of, 119 
 Quick, — , 144, 145 
 Quilter, Sir Cuthbert, 166 
 Quin, James, 11, 166 
 
 R 
 
 Racehorse, H.M.S., 40 
 
 Raffael (Raphael), picture by, 62-3, 64, 
 137 
 
 Raikes, Messrs., & Co., 109 
 Raith, 157, 1 58, 159 
 Raith Collection, the, 157 
 Raith group, the, 1 28 
 Ramus, — , 144 
 Randolph, Herbert, 7 
 Resolution, H.M.S., 39 
 Restalrig, 158 
 Revelstoke, Lord, 76 
 Reynolds, — , dramatist, 144 
 Reynolds, John, 75 
 
 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 9, 26, 27, 29 don. 2 , 32, 
 
 72, 73- 123, 133, 139- Mi 
 Ribblesdale, Lord, 165 
 Richards, — , 34, 135 m 1 
 Richardson, Mr. and Mrs., 143 
 Rigaud, Hyacinthe, 73, 135 \ 15* 
 
 Rimbault, Edward, 3- 11 
 Rimbault, Stephen, 5 
 Rimbault, Stephen Francis, 6 
 Roach, Mrs., 116, 117, 129, 130 
 Roberts, Field-Marshal Earl, 107 
 Robins, Messrs., auctioneers, 14 n. x , 137 
 Robinson, Mrs. (Perdita), 146 
 Rockingham, Marquis of, 74 
 
INDEX 
 
 329 
 
 Rockingham Castle, 152-3 
 Rome, 4, 55, 72 
 Romney, George, 13 
 Ross, David, 145-6 
 Rothschild, Miss Alice de, 1 59 
 Roubiliac, — , 142 
 Roundell, Richard, 156 
 Rowfant, 163 
 
 Rowlandson, Thomas, 70, 71 
 Roxburgh, 3rd Duke of, 36 
 Royal Academy and Royal Academicians, 24, 
 2S sqq., 31, 33-4, 43, 135 n . 1 
 Royal Children, the, difficulties in painting, 
 160-1 
 
 Royal George, 40 
 
 Royal Scottish Archers, the, 75 
 Russborough, Viscount, 63 
 Russell, Dr. Richard, 163, 166 
 Russia, Empress of, 122 
 Ryland, William Wynne, 31 
 
 S 
 
 Saadut Ali, of Oudh, 85 
 St. Alban’s Head, wreck near, 81 
 St. Anne’s parish, Soho, 35 
 St. George’s Chapel, Windsor, 118 
 St. George’s Church, Brentford, altar-piece 
 at, 1 18 
 
 St. James’s, 67 
 
 St. James’ Church, Piccadilly, 164 
 St. John, Colonel Henry, 53 n . 2 , 54, 160 
 St. John’s Church, Calcutta, altar-piece at, 
 80, 100, 102, 104 
 St. Martin’s Lane Academy, 10 
 St. Mary-le-Strand parish, 31 
 St. Pancras Churchyard, 69 
 Salar Jung, Nabob, 92, 93 
 Sand by, Paul, 73, So 
 Sandwich, 4th Earl of, 38 sqq. 
 
 Sandwich Islands, 38 
 Sayer, James, 27, 37, 157 
 Sayer, Lady, 27, 37 
 Sayer, Mrs. Robert, 37 
 Sayer, Robert, 27, 33, 37, 157, 160 
 Scotland, Zoffany in, 128, 157, 158 
 “ Senex,” 86 
 Serampore, 98 
 
 Seringapatam, siege of, 104, 107 
 Serres, Dominic, 120 ». 2 
 Seton, Archibald, 150 
 Seton, Mrs., 159 
 
 Shakespeare’s Temple at Garrick’s Villa, 
 14 1 sqq. 
 
 Sharp, Elizabeth (Mrs. Prowse), 71, 72 
 Sharp family, the, 9 
 Sharp, Granville, 70, 72 
 Sharp, James, 71 
 
 Sharp, Judith, 71 
 Sharp, Mrs. Francis, 71 
 Sharp, William, 70, 71 
 
 Shelburne, 2nd Earl of (later 1st Marquis of 
 Lansdowne), 74 
 Shelley’s Hotel, 66 
 
 Sherborne, 1st Lord (James Dutton), 154 
 
 Sherborne, Lady, nee Coke, 154 
 
 Sheridan, Mrs. R. B., nee Linley, 67 
 
 Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 67, 146 
 
 Shire Lane, near Temple Bar, 5 
 
 Shore, Lady, 93 
 
 Shore, Sir John, 93 
 
 Short’s Gardens, Drury Lane, 5 
 
 Shuja-ud-daula, Nawab of Oudh, 83 
 
 Shuter, Edward, 17-18, 140, 143 
 
 Siddons, Mrs., 98 
 
 Simeon, John, 155 
 
 Simonet, — , 67 
 
 Smart, — , 14 1 n . 1 
 
 Smart, Mrs., 154 
 
 Smith, Edward, 39 
 
 Smith, J. T., 5, 6, 123, 136 
 
 Smith, Louis Ferdinand, 92 
 
 Smith, Mrs., nee Graham, 65 
 
 Society of Artists, xo, 16, 19, 128, 146 
 
 Society of Dilettanti, 124 
 
 Solander, Dr., 54, 55 
 
 Solimena (T Abate Ciccio), 3 
 
 Sondes childi'en, the, 153 
 
 Soubise, a black man, 119 
 
 South Seas, voyage to, planned, 38 sqq. 
 
 Speer, Michael, 3, 4 
 
 Stables, — , 94 
 
 Stanmore, 20 
 
 Steer, Wilson, 35 
 
 Steevens, George, 165 
 
 Stevens, • — , 11 
 
 Stevens, Miss, 19 
 
 Stevenson, — , 62, 63, 64 
 
 Stewart, Anthony, 16 
 
 Stewart, Charles, 16 ,153 
 
 Stillingfleet, Benjamin, 38, 163 
 
 Stow, — , 124 
 
 Strachey, Archdeacon John, 94 
 Strachey, Colonel, 83 
 Strachey, General Sir Richard, 85 
 Strachey, Lady, 122 
 
 Strachey, Mrs. John, nee Wombwell, 94 
 Strachey, R. S., 89 
 Strachey, Richard, 85, 86 
 Strachey, Sir — , 1st Baronet, 85 
 Strachey, Sir John, 85 
 
 Strancl-of-the-Green, 48, 61, 68, 70, 78, So, 
 1 15 
 
 Stuart, Sir James Seton, 148, 150 
 Sullivan, Luke, 128 
 Swaylands, 20 
 Sweden, King of, 122 
 
INDEX 
 
 330 
 
 Swindon, — , 12 
 Sykes, T. G., 106 
 Sympson, — > 76 
 
 T 
 
 TAj Mahal, the, 82 
 Talbot, Mrs., 163 
 
 Tan Chet Qua, Chinese modeller, 32 
 
 Tay, the, 16 
 
 Taylor, — , 29, 34 
 
 Taylor, Marcus Saville, 92, 94 
 
 Taylor, Sir John, 63 
 
 Taylor, Tom, 35 n. 1 
 
 Teddington, 158 
 
 Tegetmeier, — , 96 
 
 Teignmouth, 3rd Lord, 93 
 
 Tennant, Sir E., 83 
 
 Tennyson, Charles, 79, 98, ii2«. 2 
 
 Thames, the, 70, 134 
 
 Theodore, — , 67 
 
 Thomas, Francis Baladon, 83 
 
 Thomas, John, 136 
 
 Thornhill, Cuthbert, 103 
 
 Thornton, — , 93 
 
 Thurn and Taxis, Prince of, 3 
 
 “ Tiny,” a dog, 156 
 
 Tippoo Sultan, 107 
 
 Titanic, the, 81 
 
 Toms, Peter, 31 
 
 Tooth, Messrs., no 
 
 Tottenham Court Road, 8 
 
 Touch, near Stirling, 150 
 
 Towneley, Charles, 121, 124 
 
 Towneley Marbles, the, 121 sqq., 124 <£• n. 1 
 
 Townsend, — , 121 
 
 Townsend, Joseph, 159 
 
 Tremamondo, Domenico Angelo Malevolti 
 
 1 1 n. 1 
 
 Tremando, — , 3, 35 
 
 Trememando, Anthony Angelo, 136 cCn?, 2 
 Trinity House, 38 
 Tubingen, 29 
 
 Tullibardine, Marquis of, 153 
 Tulloh, — , auctioneer, 10 1 
 Turk’s Head, Greek Street, and the R.A.’s, 31 
 Tuscany, Archduke Leopold of, 56 
 Tuscany, Duke of, 47, 49 
 Tuscany, Grand Duchess, of, 50 
 Tuscany, Grand Duke of, 50, 51 
 Tweeddale, 4th Marquis of, 84, 85 
 Twelfth-Night Feast, founded by Baddeley, 
 140 
 
 Twining, Miss, 82 
 Twining, Thomas, 82, 94 
 Tyers, Jonathan, 31 
 Tyrrel, Rev. C., 137 
 
 U 
 
 Uffizi Gallery, 127 
 
 Upper Ossory, Countess of, 61, 77, 94 
 
 V 
 
 Valencia, Lord, 106 
 
 Van der Capelle, Adrian, 1 56 
 
 Vansittart, D. N., 100 
 
 Vansittart, Henry, 100 
 
 Vauxhall, 30 
 
 Velasquez, 35 
 
 Verdun, Dr., 124 
 
 Vere, Hon. Charles Hope, 75 
 
 Verney children, the, 153, 155 
 
 Verney, Harry, 75 
 
 Victoria and Albert Museum, 137 n . 1 
 Vienna, 4, 56 sqq. 
 
 Villa del Cipresso, 52, 53 
 Villa Palmieri, 52 
 
 W 
 
 Waj Id Ali Shah, last King of Oudh, 86 
 Waldegrave, Countess, nee Maria Walpole 
 (later Duchess of Gloucester), 164 
 Wale, Samuel, 31, 72 
 Wallace, Albany, 11 
 Wallis, Miss, 145 
 Walliscourt, 155 
 Wallop, Hon. Frederic, 146, 155 
 Walpole, Horace, 10 el passim : and the 
 Misses Berry, 158 
 Walton, Henry, 137 
 Ward, — , 10 1 
 Ward, T. Humphry, 76 n . 1 
 Wargrave Hill House, 160 
 Watkins, Mrs., 114 
 Watson. — , 163 
 Watteau, Antoine, 161, 167 
 Watts, — , 63 
 Watts group, 112 
 
 Watts, Mrs., of Hanslope Park, 112 
 Weeks, — , 109 
 Welbeck, 160, 164 
 
 Wellesley, 1st Marquess of, 94, 100, 10 1 
 
 Welsh, — , 96 n. 3 
 
 Wentworth, Lord (Mr. Noel), 156 
 
 West, Benjamin, 32, 33, 61 n. 3 , 129, 135 
 
 West-Harling Hall, 19 
 
 West Park, Salisbury, 100 
 
 Westbury, Wilts, 159 
 
 Westmacott, — , 34 
 
 Weston, Thomas, 27, 143, 148 
 
 Wetton, — , 45 
 
 Wheeler, Stephen, 44 n. 1 , 84 n. 2 , 85, 86, 87, 
 S9, 92 
 
INDEX 
 
 33 1 
 
 Wheler, Edward, 94 
 Wheler, Trevor (later Sir Trevor), 94 
 Whiteford, Caleb, 11, 13 
 Whitley, W. T., 9 n . 2 , 43, 81 
 Whitney, Mrs. Payne, 156 
 Wicken Park, 72 
 Wickstead, Philip, 138 
 Widener, Peter, 64 
 Wilbraham, — , 63 
 Wilkes, John, 40, 73, 74, 75, 147 n . 1 
 Wilkes, Mary (Polly), 73, 74, 75 
 Wilkinson, Jacob, 81 
 William, Prince (William IV), 25 
 Williams, John ( see also Pasqum), 5, 120 
 Williamson, Dr. 137 n . 1 
 Willoughby de Broke, John, 14th Lord, 153, 
 155 
 
 Willoughby de Broke, Lady, 153, 155, 159 
 
 Wilson, Benjamin, 5, 6, 7, 10, 143 
 
 Wilson, Richard, 13, 29 & n. 4 , 30, 31, 33 
 
 Wilson, Sir Robert, 7 
 
 Wilton, Beau, 112 
 
 Winchelsea, 9th Earl of, 63 
 
 Windsor Castle, 23, 24, 165 
 
 Winter, Miss, 97, 98 
 
 Wombwell, George, 94 
 
 Wombwell, John, 92, 93-4 
 
 Wombwell, Major, 109, 112, 128 
 
 Worthington, W. H., 121, 124 
 
 Wrest Park, 52 
 
 Wykeham family, the, 131 
 
 Wynn, Captain, 124 
 
 Y 
 
 Yarborough, Earl of, 17, 140 
 Yeo, — , 32 
 
 York, H.R.H. Frederick, Duke of, 53 cfc w. 2 , 
 160 
 
 Yorke, John, 157 
 
 Yorke, T. E., 157 
 Yorkshire, Zoffany in, 65 
 
 Z 
 
 Zauffely, and other variants of the name 
 Zoffany, 10-11 
 Zetland, Marquis of, 156 
 Zoffany, Cecilia Maria Theresa, Mrs. 
 
 T. Eforne, 47, 78, 125, 129, 130, 131 
 Zoffany, Claudina Sophia Anne, Mrs. Robert 
 Beachcroft, 131 
 
 Zoffany, Clementina Louisa, 129 
 
 Zoffany, John, birth, 3, 127 & n. J , 167 n. 1 ; 
 
 characteristics, 117, 127 sqq. ; early 
 days 3 sqq. ; royal patronage, 17 sqq. 
 passim ; as a Royal Academician, 
 24 sqq. ; plan for visiting the South 
 Seas, 38 sqq. ; in Italy, Austria, etc., 
 42 sqq. ; his Austrian patent of no- 
 bility, 57 sqq., et alibi, 300 ; in Eng- 
 land again, 58 sqq. ; in India, 80 
 sqq. ; return home, 114 sqq. ; life 
 with his family, 126 sqq. ; last days, 
 death, and tomb, 134-5; last will, 
 295 sqq. 
 
 Family of, 47, 48, 129 sqq., see also under 
 Names 
 
 Paintings by, passim, <& see Appendices. 
 
 Conversation pieces, 151 sqq. 
 
 Pictures of Children, 152 sqq. 
 
 Self-portraits, see many, passim. 
 
 Single Portraits, 162 sqq. 
 
 Theatrical Pictures, 139 sqq. 
 
 Portraits of, 126 sqq. 
 
 Zoffany, Laura Helen Constantia, Mrs. L. B. 
 
 Oliver, 129, 13 1-2 
 Zoffany, Mrs., the first, 4, 5, 45, 59 
 Zoffany, Mrs. (Mary), the second, 4, 45 sqq., 
 59, 78, 80, 1 14 sqq., 1 19, 129, 135 
 Zoffany, Theresa, Lady Doratt, 47, 78, 130 
 Zuccarelli, — , 32, 12912. 1 
 Zulficar Khan, or James Martin, 106 
 
* - t ■ «+**. • asm 
 
 JHKr‘ --mm 
 
 - -■• ■-• ** ;-:■ 4>v;; 
 
 . -- > •..-.:! r.; * l* . <• i#r-: ViT-M 
 
 ' .. < ?v •>• jSSf E;^ .-::J 
 
 
 - 
 
 - ■: •; j-n^- * T»r -'• 
 
 - : ww- #s :& && 
 
 •• t< • - <-■ 'i;.-: 4*. • r* 
 
 

 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 !iii^!i;:^«i^ 
 
 ' ••; ;; : ' -5-M •: ! jj ! ’H jj I; rfi- li 
 
 W^m 
 
 
 
 -; - . 
 
 blfiu ?! *^"*1*^! * ■ i $? $?| 
 
 Y - .-• 
 
 iilH 
 
 lwS#l 
 
 ■( [tihuvMsWmt 
 
 l||pji 
 
 S jij#