THE 
 
 General Contents 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BRITISH MUSEUM. 
 
General Contents 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BRITISH MUSE UM: 
 
 WITH 
 
 R E 
 D I R 
 
 MARKS. 
 
 Serving as a 
 
 E C T 0 R Y 
 
 In Viewing that 
 
 Noble Cabinet. 
 
 THE SECOND EDITION,- 
 With Additions and Improvements, and a 
 COMPLETE INDEX. 
 
 Cajlor gaudet equis ; quo prognat us eodem , 
 Pugnis : quot capitum <vivunt , totidem Jiudicrum 
 Millia. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for R. and J. D o d s l e y, in Pall-matt. 
 MDCCLXII. 
 
( V ) 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 A S I am quite fenfible that fome- 
 thing will be expedted by way 
 of Preface to the following Sheets, I 
 will not, by omitting it, difappoint 
 any of my Readers. 
 
 Curiofity almoft univerfally pre- 
 vails : Many therefore will, in all Pro- 
 bability, want to know my Reafons 
 for this Publication $ why I have not 
 been more full in my Defcriptions, 
 and more fyftematical in my Manner. 
 Of thefe, as well as many other Par- 
 ticulars, the Reader fhall be informed; 
 
 A 3 but 
 
( vi ) 
 
 but I mu ft fir ft bejpeak his Patience, 
 till fomething is faid of the Mufeum 
 itfelf. 
 
 It is difficult to determine, whether 
 this Excellent Foundation reflects 
 more Honour on his late Majefty, 
 who was pleafed to bellow on it a 
 large and valuable Library, collected 
 by his Royal Predeceftors j on Sir 
 Hans Shane, who with great Know- 
 ledge, Expence, and Trouble, pro- 
 cured the moft curious Part of what 
 is here depofited j or on the Britijh 
 Parliament, who made it a lafting. 
 Monument of Glory to the Nation. 
 Certain it is, the' Public is greatly in- 
 debted to them all, as well as to the 
 Right Honourable and Honourable 
 the Truftees, and the Officers of the 
 Houfe, by whofe Superintendance it 
 
 is 
 
 
( vii ) 
 
 is conducted under fuch wife Regula- 
 tions, that it is as great in Perfection 
 as it was in Defign. The Officers 
 are remarked for being a fenfible and 
 learned Set of Men, all equal to the 
 Employment, being well verfed in the 
 Bufinefs of their feveral Departments, 
 and at all Times willing to gratify the 
 Curiofity of the Inquifitive, with any 
 Information that can be required of 
 them. 
 
 I am not without Hopes that the 
 Time may foon come, when every 
 public-fpirited Collector of rare Me- 
 dals, Minerals, Animals, Plants, In- 
 feCts, or Stones, and, in fine, of every 
 Thing that either Nature or Art pro- 
 duces, worthy the Obfervation of the 
 Curious, will depolit the Produce of 
 his Labour in this moft valuable Ca- 
 A 4 binet. 
 
( viii ) 
 
 binet. If he is of ample Fortune, the 
 Public will accept of them as a Pre- 
 fent, and convey his Name to the 
 lateft Pofterity ; if, on the contrary, 
 he is poor, though ingenious, fuch is 
 the Generality of this happy Nation, 
 that I dare venture to fay they will, 
 on all fuch Occasions, according to 
 the Merit of the Perfon, remove that 
 great Obftacle to Science, belides af- 
 fording him a proper Share of Ho- 
 nour. 
 
 Learning was for many Ages in a 
 Manner buried in Oblivion j a dark 
 Ignorance Ipread itfelf over the Face 
 of the wholeEarth ; and, what was dill 
 worfe, did any noble Spirit endeavour 
 to rouze himfelf and others from the 
 general Lethargy, he was prefently 
 charged with publishing new Opi- 
 nions, 
 
• ( ix ) 
 
 nions, and perhaps branded with In- 
 famy, under a Pretence of his attach- 
 ing himfelf to the Study of the Magic 
 Art. Indeed, numberlefs were the 
 Obftacles to the Refurre&ion of Learn- 
 ing ; a dark Ignorance, a blind Infa- 
 tuation, an obflinate Prejudice: Yet 
 fo hard a Matter is it to fetter the 
 human Mind, that it rofe fuperior to 
 all Difficulties. Literature is once 
 more recovered from its long Swoon, 
 and now fhines in its priftine Luftre : 
 Nay, there are in thefe our happy 
 Times many Things generally known, 
 of which the Ancients had not the 
 lead: Notion $ and many others by 
 them only gueffed at, or known in 
 Theory, which we have reduced to a 
 mathematical Certainty. 
 
 A 5 Nothing 
 
Nothing can conduce more to pre- 
 ferve the Learning which this latter 
 Age abounds with, than having Re- 
 politories in every Nation to contain 
 its Antiquities, fuch as is the Mufeum 
 of Britain : But, in order more ef- 
 fectually to prevent our falling back 
 again into a State of Ignorance and 
 Barbarifm, it were to be wilhed that 
 the Plan of it were enlarged, that the 
 Buildings were more extenfive, and 
 that a Fund were eftablifhed, fufficient 
 to anfwer the Purpofe of encouraging 
 ingenious Men in every ufeful Art, in 
 every Science ; and I know of nothing 
 that can be done that will tend more 
 to the Honour of our Country, when 
 it fhall pleafe God to give us the 
 Bleffing of Peace, than to have fuch 
 a large Fund appropriated for the En- 
 couragement of Ingenuity and Learn- 
 ing, 
 
( xi ) 
 
 ing. When we read over the Lift of 
 the Names that compofe the Royal 
 Society, the Truftees of this Mufeum, 
 and that numerous Train of Britons , 
 who wilh fo much to encourage every 
 Art, Science, and Manufacture, can 
 we pofiibly be at a lofs for Truftees 
 to manage with Impartiality and Pro- 
 priety a more general Eftablilhment ? 
 
 I could mention feveral, every way 
 qualified, who would have too much 
 public Spirit to refufe undertaking it, 
 if invited by their Country to the 
 Truft. From the united Labours of 
 fuch a Society, what might we not 
 hope for ? Modeft Merit would once 
 more raife its drooping Head, allured 
 of a candid Hearing from fuch able 
 Judges ; every Manufacture would 
 foon be brought to the greateft Per- 
 fection, Agriculture be held in proper 
 A 6 Efieem 0 
 
Efteem, and the Sciences more than 
 flourifh ; for it would even be un- 
 fafhionable to be illiterate. But this 
 is a Point of too great Importance to 
 be brought to bear without the Inter- 
 pofition of Parliament ; it is fincerely 
 to be wifhed they may at a proper 
 Time take it under their Confidera- 
 tion • no Age is fo likely as the pre- 
 fent, in which fo much Encourage- 
 ment is given, in mod: Things that 
 are worthy of Praife : Yet, though 
 they are encouraged, a regular Efta- 
 blifhment for the Purpofe is certainly 
 much wanted. 
 
 Should the Hints I have here given 
 be of any Ufe to the Community, my 
 Pleafure would be compleat j and, 
 were I called upon, I could fubmit a 
 Plan, that would not, I flatter myfelf, 
 
 be 
 
( xiii ) 
 
 be totally imperfedt. But I have dwelt 
 long enough on this Subject for the 
 prefent, and now proceed to gratify 
 the Curiofity of my Readers, by faying 
 fomething of the following Pages. 
 
 The Purchafers of this little Work 
 mu ft not expedt too much, it not 
 being meant to give a particular Ac- 
 count of all the Contents of this noble 
 Cabinet : That is referved for other 
 Pens, being, as I am informed, to be 
 publifhed by the Officers of the Houfe 
 at a proper Time, and will confift of 
 many Volumes in Folio. What I here 
 prefent to the Public, are only a few 
 Remarks on the general Contents, 
 without enlarging too much on any 
 Thing. A Regularity of Method is 
 obferved ; for my Reader will find 
 himfelf accompanied through all the 
 
 Rooms 
 
( xiv ) 
 
 Rooms in the fame Order they are 
 fhewn : The general Heads are given j 
 and he is directed in his Choice of a 
 few ObjeCts moft worthy Remark 
 under each Title : So that, upon the 
 whole, I can offer it as a Kind of 
 Directory to thofe who are inclined to 
 fee the Mufeum ; it will likewife ferve 
 to give a tolerable Idea of the Contents 
 to thofe who have no Opportunity of 
 feeing it, and to refrefh the Memory, 
 where perhaps it hath been viewed 
 in a curfory Manner. 
 
 Among the Numbers whom Cu- 
 riofity prompted to get a Sight of 
 this Collection, I was of Courfe one 5 
 but the Time allowed to view it was 
 fo (hort, and the Rooms fo numerous, 
 that it was impoffible, without fome 
 Kind of Directory, to form a proper 
 
 Idea 
 
( XV ) 
 
 Idea of the Particulars : And though 
 I was far from being unacquainted 
 with moft of the Contents before they 
 became the Property of the Public, 
 muft confefs myfelf to have been at 
 fome lofs in this Refped. The Offi- 
 cers, indeed, were always extremely 
 attentive ; but it was ftill impoffible 
 for them to gratify every particular 
 Perfon’s Curiohty. Upon mention- 
 ing this to fome of my intimate 
 Friends, I found that the Complaint 
 was general, and was follicited to 
 write fomething that might be of Ufe 
 to remove thefe Difficulties. I rather 
 declined the Undertaking, urging that 
 it would come with more Propriety 
 from the Officers of the Houfe : But 
 this Objection, I was told, had little 
 Weight, as it was impoffible for them 
 to do it, becaufe whatever came from 
 
 that 
 
( xvi ) 
 
 tha Quarter mud be full and perfedt ; 
 that a full and perfedt Account would 
 be bulky, and of courfe dear ; but 
 that the Public wanted fomething 
 concife and cheap. Convinced thus 
 by Truth, I fubmitted to the Talk, 
 and the more readily, as I have al- 
 ways had a particular Bent to the 
 Study of Natural Hiftory, and confe- 
 quently did not look upon myfelf as 
 totally unqualified. 
 
 I mull take this Opportunitty of 
 acknowledging what I owe to feveral 
 Gentlemen, who gave me Notes they 
 had taken on viewing it, which en- 
 abled me to purfue a more regular 
 Plan, than otherwife I could have 
 done : But particularly my Thanks 
 are due to one, who greatly affilted 
 me, which he was the more qualified 
 
 to 
 
( xvii ) 
 
 to do, as having been intimately ac- 
 quainted with Sir Hans Sloane , to 
 whom he gave many of the curious 
 Matters contained in the Mufeum, 
 collected by himfelf in his Travels, 
 
 I muft not forget a Lady, who 
 gave me fome curious Remarks on 
 the recent Shells ; and am forry, 
 from the Nature of the Work, it was 
 impoffible for me to make much Ufe 
 of them, as they would have taken 
 up too much Room, 
 
 I know it is impofllble to pleafe 
 every body, confequently have no 
 Doubt but much Fault will be found 
 with this little Performance. Some 
 will think I have pafled too flightly 
 over the Frefco Paintings j or that I 
 might have faid more of the Portraits, 
 
 than 
 
( xviii ) 
 
 than juft giving their Names. Many 
 will imagine I have not been attentive 
 enough to the Manufcripts or Me- 
 dals j and others, perhaps, would have 
 wiftied me to have filled twenty Pa- 
 ges with a Defcription of the Mole 
 Cricket. Thus every one would have 
 been moft pleafed I fhould have en- 
 larged on that Subject which beft 
 fuited his particular Tafte. I have 
 taken the mean Way, having faid 
 fomething of every Thing, much of 
 nothing. It was not at all necelTary 
 to be more particular in the Account 
 of the feveral Articles comprifed un- 
 der the general Titles : I mean only 
 fo far to lead my Reader, that he 
 may with Eafe find the Matter treat- 
 ed of in viewing the Collection, and 
 there make his own Obfervations on 
 the Nature and Properties of it $ and 
 
 if 
 
( xix ) 
 
 if he has not that Opportunity, by 
 confulting the Writers on Natural 
 Hiftory, his Curiofity will perhaps in 
 part be fatisfied. Had I not been 
 ftrongly urged to the Undertaking* 
 and was I not fully fenfible, that 
 fomething of the Kind is much want- 
 ing, this Trifle had never been pub- 
 lifhed. If it is ufeful, I am fatisfied : 
 It is a Vanity for any one to think of 
 meeting with univerfal Approbation, 
 The judicious Reader will obferve, 
 that I have endeavoured to be as in- 
 telligible as poflible, making ufe of 
 very few Words but what are gene- 
 rally underftood : I therefore flatter 
 myfelf, that my Readers among the 
 Ladies will be very numerous, many 
 of them having, in my Company, la- 
 mented the Want of fomething of 
 this Kind, to direct their Obferva- 
 
 tions 
 
( XX )' 
 
 tions, and give them a general Idea of 
 the Contents of this Colle&ion. 
 
 I cannot omit this Opportunity of 
 expreffing my Thankfulnefs for the 
 Candour with which the firft Edition 
 of this little Work has been received 
 by the Public ; but I rauft own my- 
 felf in a particular Manner obliged to 
 the Officers of the Mufeum, who, 
 though they had it conftantly in their 
 Power to expofe any little Inaccura- 
 cies, with which a Work of this Na- 
 ture, publiffied by any body but them- 
 felves, muft abound, Hill refrained 
 from doing it : I have even been in- 
 formed, they allow it fome De- 
 gree of Merit. The Reader will find 
 this Edition much enlarged and im- 
 proved in many Particulars, which 
 need not be pointed out, as they will 
 
 be 
 
{ xxi ) 
 
 be very obvious on the firft Perufal, 
 and it is printed in a Duodecimo, to 
 make it more conveniently portable 
 in the Pocket. That it may ftill ap- 
 proach nearer to Perfection, the Au- 
 thor has been at the pains of forming 
 a complete Index to it, which mud 
 unqueftionably be of great Ufe, as the 
 Reader will thereby be enabled to 
 find out in the Book any Title he 
 pleafes, and many curious Specimens, 
 of which he may chufe to fee fome 
 fhort Account. Some of the Pur- 
 chafers of the firft Edition complained 
 it was too long to be read in the 
 Time allowed to view the whole 
 Mufeum 5 fuch may be anfwered, 
 that it was not intended to be read 
 there ; the grand Difficulty was to 
 keep it in a fmall Compafs, yet make 
 it in fome Meafure fatisfadtory. The 
 
 mofl 
 
( xxii ) 
 
 moft eligible Method is certainly to 
 
 tion at Home ; by this Means a tole- 
 rable Idea may be formed of the Con- 
 tents of this valuable Collection, and 
 the Reader is directed to apply his par- 
 ticular Attention to that Part of the 
 Mufeum that fuits his Tafte, viewing 
 the reft only in a curfory Manner, by 
 doing this he will have more Satisfac- 
 tion, and his Curioiity will be much 
 mpre gratified, than if he wanders 
 from ObjeCt to ObjeCt, without fuffer- 
 ing any Thing to claim his immediate 
 Notice* 
 
 Some of my Readers may be igno- 
 rant of the Manner of applying to fee 
 the Mufeum ; for their Information I 
 {hall add, that fifteen Perfons are al- 
 - lowed to view it in one Company *, 
 
 the 
 
( xxiii ) 
 
 the Time allotted is two Hours 5 and 
 when anyNumber not exceeding fifteen 
 are inclined to fee it, they muft fend 
 a Lift of their Chriftian and Sirnames, 
 Additions, and Places of Abode, to 
 the Porter’s Lodge, in order to their 
 being entered in the Book ; in a few 
 Days the refpeSive Tickets will be 
 made out, fpecifying the Day and 
 Hour in which they are to come, 
 which, on being fent for, are delivered. 
 If by any Accident fome of the Parties 
 are prevented from coming, it is pro- 
 per they fend their Ticket back to 
 the Lodge, as no body can be admitted 
 with it but themfelves. It is to be 
 remarked, that the fewer Names there 
 are in a Lift, the fooner they are likely 
 to be admitted to fee it. 
 
 THE 
 
[ * ] 
 
 THE 
 
 GENERAL CONTENTS, <£&, 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 C ONSCIOUSof the Uprightnefs 
 of my Intentions, meaning only to 
 oblige the Public, I fhall attempt 
 to conduCt the curious Obferver through 
 the feveral Departments of the Britijh 
 Mufeum , which are three in Number j 
 the Department of Manufcripts, Medals,* 
 and Coins ; that of Natural and Artificial 
 Productions *, and the Department of 
 printed Books ; befides many Articles in 
 the Hall, in the firft Room above Stairs, 
 and other Places, which are not compre- 
 hended in any particular Department. 
 
 It is not neceffary, in this fmall Work, 
 to fay much of Montague-Honfe y in which 
 B ' this 
 
this choice and valuable Collection is de- 
 pofited ; it was -well known before the 
 Death of the late Noble Owner of it, 
 and is fit for the Purpofe for which it is 
 made ufe of: I fhall therefore omit any 
 particular Defcription, and content myfelf 
 with only taking a flight Notice of the 
 Frefco Paintings in their proper Places. 
 
 To begin my Remarks with the Con- 
 tents of the Hall, 1 fhall, in Honour of 
 our own lilands, firft take Notice of feven 
 Blocks of very hard Marble of an hexan- 
 gular Form : They were brought from 
 an amazing Production of Nature, as 
 moft Antiquaries are of opinion, though 
 others call it a Work of Art, near Coleraine 
 ki Ireland , where there are many Thoufands 
 of fuch Pillars, angular and contiguous, 
 but not joined. The common People of 
 the Country call them the Giants Caufe- 
 way, from an old Tradition that they 
 were placed in that Order by the ancient 
 Inhabitants of the Ifland, who were of a 
 gigantic Stature. They project a great 
 
 Way 
 
[ 3 ] 
 
 Way into the Sea, and the Stones are of 
 the Nature of thofe called Bafaltes or Ba- 
 fanus. It may be concluded that the 
 Giants Caufeway is entirely the Work of 
 Nature, as many fuch Pillars or Columns 
 were found by the Ancients in y Ethiopia , 
 of the fame angular Form as thofe in Ire- 
 land , and by them called Bafaltes •, they 
 met with it in Fragments of Columns in 
 the River Lmolus , and fome other Places, 
 when they gave it the Name of Lapis 
 Lydius , not conceiving it to be the fame 
 as the Bafaltes found in Pillars. We have 
 it frequently in Spain , Germany , Ruffia , 
 and Denmark , and about Drefden is much 
 of it in fine Columns. Wherever it is 
 found, on being analyfed by Acids, it 
 proves to be compofed of an Admixture 
 of Cryftal, Spar, and Earth. It is now 
 ufed for trying Gold, &c. and is called 
 the Touch-ftone. The Church of Bally- 
 vjellan , in the Neighbourhood of Coleraine , 
 is built of this Kind of Marble, found in 
 the adjacent Hills. 
 
 B 2 
 
 The 
 
The Romans , as they excelled all other 
 Nations in the Magnificence of their pub- 
 lic Buildings, fo did they likewife in the 
 Roads they from time to time made, 
 which were for the moft part paved very 
 regularly with fquare Stones, and often 
 extended for a great Number of Miles. 
 We have the Remains of feveral in Eng - 
 landy where they are called Streets, as 
 Ickenild-ftreet , Ermin-Jireet , JVatlin-Jtreet , 
 and others. They are in many Places 
 vifible, and appear like a Caufeway. 
 
 There is in this Hall to be feen a Stone 
 that was brought from the (Via Appia ) 
 Appian Road, which led from Rome to 
 Brundufium. Appius had the Honour of 
 making it for the Ufe of the People of 
 Rome. 
 
 You alfo fee here two Fragments of 
 Granite Columns, (a hard kind of Marble 
 which does not take a good Poliih ; 
 many other Stones have the fame Quality) 
 fome curious Pebbles, and two antique 
 
 Heads 
 
[ 5 ] 
 
 Heads called 'Termini , being ufed by the 
 Romans as Landmarks. 
 
 A large Piece of Terpentine Marble is 
 next to be noticed : It was called Ophites , 
 from its Refemblance to a Serpent’s Skin. 
 This Specimen has a dulky-brown Ground 
 ftreaked with green and pale yellow. This 
 is a hard kind of Marble, of an even 
 Structure, and takes a fine Polifh. There 
 are feveral Species of the Ophites ; the 
 Ancients had the black and the white 
 Ophites diftinguifhed by the different Co- 
 lour of their Spots, whofe Ground was 
 green, and the grey Ophites diftinguifhed 
 by its Ground Colour, which was pale- 
 grey. We have the greyifh-brown Ophites 
 with green Spots, fometimes faid to be 
 found in England , and the pale-grey Ophi- 
 tes with green Spots and Veins. The 
 Ophites has been celebrated for its Virtues 
 againft venomous Bites, and is at this 
 Time worn in fome Parts of the World 
 as an Amulet. It is ranked among the 
 Jafpers. 
 
 B 3 
 
 The 
 
[ 6 1 
 
 The Country round Mount Vesuvius 
 abounds with a kind of Stone, which in 
 its Eruptions iflu.es from it in great Abun- 
 dance in Form of a burning Rivulet, de- 
 ftroying every Thing in its Way : When 
 the Eruption ceafes, this Subftance as it 
 cools hardens, and is called Lava : It is 
 a very hard Stone, takes a fine Polilh, and 
 is fit for many Ufes, being frequently 
 manufactured into Boxes, Tables, &c. 
 It is fo plentiful, that in Naples the Inha- 
 bitants very commonly make ufe of it for 
 paving the Streets. There is a fine large 
 cubic Piece of this Lava preferved in the 
 Hall. 
 
 In another Part is a painted genealogi- 
 cal Tree of a Noble Venetian Family * and, 
 befides all I have mentioned, there are 
 a great Number of Epitaphs and Infcrip- 
 tions (on the original Stones, by Accident 
 found) in Latin , Greek , and other Lan- 
 guages. 
 
 There is a fine Skeleton of a Unicorn-.. 
 Fifh ; this is a large Fifn of the Whale 
 
 Kind *, 
 
t 7 1 
 
 Kind ; fome of the Horns of this Fifh are 
 from ten to fifteen Feet in Length, are 
 ail white, and furrowed with a ipiral Line. 
 Thefe Horns are commonly found in the 
 Danifh and neighbouring Seas, infomuch 
 that there was a magnificent Throne built 
 of them in that Kingdom. 
 
 We muft take Notice in this Place of 
 the Head of a very particular Kind of 
 Buffalo ; it is covered with long Wool, in- 
 Head of- Hair-, the Bead is a Native of 
 Newfoundland , and has its Body in the 
 fame Manner covered with long Wool, 
 reaching almoft to its Feet, infomuch that 
 when alive, it refembles a moving Bundle 
 of Wool, loofely tyed together. 
 
 The Staircafe and fome of the Cielings 
 are ornamented with good Frefco Paint- 
 ings, of which I fhall enter into no long 
 Defcription. On the Side of the Stair- 
 cafe, Cdfar and his military Retinue are 
 feen, with the Chiefs of the Provinces he 
 had in part fubdued attending on him, 
 B 4 and 
 
[ 8 ] 
 
 and others on their Knees, imploring his 
 Protection or Afliftance. 
 
 In a Compartment are the Bacchanalia , 
 or Feafts and Sacrifices of Bacchus. 
 
 In another the Rivers Nile and Tiber are 
 reprefented by gigantic Figures emble- 
 matically ornamented : And there are 
 Views of beautiful Landfcapes at a Dif- 
 tance, and feveral fine Pieces of Archi- 
 tecture. 
 
 On the Ceiling the Story of Phaeton 
 reprefents itfelf : The Gods are aflembled, 
 and the Youth appears afking Phcebus to 
 permit him to drive his Chariot for a Day * 
 he confents, and in another Part is feen 
 conducting him to the Chariot : Diana is 
 near them, and Juno is attended by Iris. 
 
 Farther on, Phaeton , with all the Ar- 
 dour of Youth, is driving the Sun’s Cha- 
 riot, accompanied by the Hours in the 
 Form of Women. Time is reprefented 
 by Saturn , with a Scythe and an Hour- 
 Glafs ; and Eternity by a Woman holding 
 a Serpent, with the Tail in its Mouth. 
 
 Cjbele, 
 
[ 9 3 
 
 CyUle, or the Goddefs of the Earth, ap- 
 pears alfo, with all her proper Symbols 
 and Ornaments. 
 
 As you go up Stairs, the Bullo of Sir 
 Hans Sloane , on a Pedeltal, prefents itfelf 
 immediately to your View. 
 
 In the firft Room, the Story of Phaeton 
 is compleated on the Dome. The Gods 
 are alfembled, and whilft Jupiter is calling 
 his Thunderbolts at Phaeton falling from 
 the Chariot, you fee Saturn , Apollo , Mars , 
 Neptune , Juno, Diana , Venus , Cupid , Mer- 
 cury, Minerva , and Bacchus , in various 
 Attitudes, and agitated by different Paf- 
 fions, as they were feverally interefted in 
 the great Event. 
 
 The Hillories are faid to be painted by 
 La Fojfe •, the Flowers, and fome of the 
 ornamental Parts, by Battijle j and the 
 Architecture and Landfcapes by Roujfeau , 
 whole Portrait is feen in this Room. 
 
 I cannot take a better Opportunity to 
 mention, that there are many Portraits of 
 illuftrious Perfonages, hung up in the 
 B 5 feveral 
 
[ 10 ] 
 
 feveral Departments of this Mufeum *, they 
 are all Prefents, and continually increafing 
 in Number: It will not be improper to 
 give the Reader the Names of the chief 
 of them in this Place, that my future 
 Remarks may not be interrupted. They 
 are as follows : 
 
 Edward the Third. 
 
 He?iry the Fifth. 
 
 Henry the Sixth. 
 
 Henry the Eighth. 
 
 Charles the Firft. 
 
 Charles the Second. 
 
 William the Third. 
 
 George the Firft. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 .Mary Queen of Scots. 
 
 Queen Henrietta Maria. 
 
 Peter the Great, Czar of Mufcovy. 
 Coftno de Medicis , and Bartolo Concini . 
 Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 The Countefs of Richmond. 
 
 The Duke of Marlborough. 
 
 The Duke of Monmouth. 
 
 Robert 
 
C. II ] 
 
 Robert Earl of Salijlury. 
 Lord Treafurer Burghley. 
 Archbifhop UJher. 
 
 Dr. ‘Turner , Bilhop of Ely. 
 Cardinal Sforza. 
 
 Mr. Locke. 
 
 Dr. Wallis. 
 
 Richard Baxter. 
 
 Sir Robert Cotton. 
 
 Sir John Cotton. 
 
 Mr. Speed. 
 
 Camden. 
 
 Judge Dodderidge. 
 
 Sir William Dugdale. 
 
 Sir Anthony More. 
 
 Sir Henry Vane. 
 
 Sir Henry Spelman. 
 
 Ben. Johnfon. 
 
 Shakefpeare. 
 
 Lord Chancellor Bacon. 
 Ludowick Muggleton. 
 
 Sir Francis Draper. 
 
 Dr. John Ward. 
 
 Anna Maria Shurman. 
 Captain Willis. 
 
 B 6 
 
 D ampler. 
 
[ I* ] 
 
 D ampler. 
 
 ■ Voltaire. 
 
 Andreas Vajfalius. . 
 
 Ulyjfes Aldrovandus. 
 
 There are Bufts of 
 
 Homer. 
 
 Sir Thomas More. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Clarke. 
 
 This Room is fet apart for the imme- 
 diate Reception of Prefents, and contains 
 feveral very curious Articles, given by 
 Colonel Lethullier , his Brothers, and other 
 Benefactors . 
 
 I fhall firft mention an Egyptian Mum- 
 my, which is depofited in a Glafs Cafe, 
 in one Corner of the Room, as its Coffin 
 is in the other. 
 
 The Egyptians believed the Exiftence 
 of the human Soul after its quitting the 
 Body •, which may fairly be concluded 
 from its being the general received Opi- 
 nion among them, that the Spirit which 
 animated the Body whilft alive, continually 
 hovered around it after the Difunion ; 
 
 they 
 
C 13 ] 
 
 they thought it affe&ed by the Injuries 
 the inanimate Corpfe might receive, or by 
 its Corruption i it was therefore with the 
 greateft Care they endeavoured to preferve 
 the material Man from Decay, that the 
 immaterial Soul, which had fo long been 
 its Companion, might thereby be infpired 
 with a kind of .pleafing Idea of its former 
 Union. 
 
 To accomplifh this End, they had a 
 Set of Men in their Nation, whofe peculiar 
 Bufinels it was to embalm the Dead j 
 which was performed three feveralWays : 
 The firft was for the common People, and 
 confifted only of falting the vifcerated 
 Body after a particular Manner, having 
 firft cleanfed it from all Impurities, drying 
 it either by a natural or artificial Heat, 
 and finally placing it in a plain Sycamofe 
 Coffin. It is to be noted, that the Coffins 
 they ufed on thefe Occafions were never 
 made of any other Wood, that being 
 efteemed moft durable and leaft fubjed: 
 to Decay ; but it was a Species of Syca- 
 more 
 
[ 14 ] 
 
 more differing from any we have growing 
 in Europe. 
 
 The next Method, which was for thofe 
 of a higher Rank, was embalming them 
 with a kind of refinous or bitumenous 
 Subftance, properly mixed with cheap 
 and ordinary Drugs. Some fay that on 
 this Occafion they ufed much of the Af- 
 phaltus, or Jews Pitch, a bitumenous or 
 refinous Subftance which is found fwim- 
 ming on the Surface of the Dead Sea in 
 Judea. Thefe were put in a better kind 
 of Sycamore Coffins, painted with various 
 Colours ; and fome of them ornamented 
 with a Number of curious Hieroglyphics, 
 on which their Superftition prompted them 
 to have great Reliance, imagining that 
 they helped to preferve the Body from 
 Corruption. The Mummy here preferv- 
 ed is of this kind. 
 
 The laft and moft expenfive Method 
 by which the Egyptians preferred the dead 
 Bodies of their Friends from Decay, was 
 referved for thofe of a very eminent Sta- 
 tion. 
 
[ 15 ] 
 
 tion. They too were depofited in Coffins 
 of Sycamore Wood, but ornamented 
 with Gold, and Hieroglyphics of the 
 moft noble kind. 
 
 The moft probable Account of this laft 
 Method that can be collected from the 
 Writers who have treated of the Subjeft, 
 is, that when the Soul was departed, the 
 Brains were firft extra&ed, perhaps thro’ 
 the Noftrils, and the Corpfe vifcerated in 
 a very curious Manner, without injuring 
 th'e outward Surface of the Body, which 
 was thoroughly well cleanfed. They next 
 proceeded to fill the Cavities with bitu- 
 menous and aromatic Subftances properly 
 prepared and mixed : On this Occafion 
 particularly the moft precious and coftly 
 Gums, Balfams and Spices, were ufed; 
 a Liquid having been in the mean time 
 prepared, in which a great Quantity of 
 the above Subftances had been diffolyed, 
 they next boiled the Body therein, that 
 the moft remote part of every Mufcle 
 might be ftrongly impregnated with the 
 
 embalming 
 
embalming Quality, Nothing now re- 
 mained but to dry the Body, (the Method 
 of doing which is not with Certainty 
 known) and wrap it round with Bandages 
 of Linen Cloth, and the Bark Papyrus, 
 filling up the hollow Parts, and fometimes 
 the Cavity of the Belly, with fmall earthen 
 Figures, in the Form of Mummies, but 
 with the Head of Ofiris or Ifis, and im- 
 preffed with various Plieroglyphics, or 
 having on them the Figures of Beetles, 
 which they fuperftitioufly thought were 
 Protedtors of the Dead ( Propbylafteria ). 
 Having thus finifhed their Work, they 
 depofited it in the Coffin, which had be- 
 fore been excavated in the Form of the 
 Mummy to receive it. 
 
 The Face of the Mummy here pre- 
 ferred is covered with a gilded Mafic ; 
 near its Feet is a Skull, and feveral Bones, 
 viz. Feet and Hands, taken from a bro- 
 ken Mummy, which ffiews the State in 
 which thefe embalmed Bodies are pre- 
 ferved from Decay. Over its Head are 
 
 fome 
 
r. 17 ] 
 
 fome of thofe fmall earthen Idols, which 
 are already mentioned to be put by the 
 Embalmers into the Cavities of the Bo- 
 dy : Great Numbers of them are dug out 
 of the Ground on the Eaft Side of the 
 River Nile, near Cairo in Egypt , being the 
 Spot where the Mummies were depofited. 
 
 On the Bread; of the Coffin (it being of 
 the Shape of a Mummy) is a Figure re- 
 prefenting the Goddefs Ifis, the Flowers 
 of the Water-lilly ( Lotus ) round its Neck ; 
 and over the whole Forefide is a very 
 great Variety of Hieroglyphics, Figures 
 rudely defigned, and Egyptian Char afters, 
 only underftood by their Priefts and learn- 
 ed Men, but which the Antiquaries of thefe 
 later Times can no ways explain. On the 
 Back of the Coffin, (which may be turned 
 at Pleafure) is another Figure of Ifis , hav- 
 ing an Ibis on her head. The Ibis was a 
 Bird of Prey, held in great Veneration by 
 the Egyptians , becaufe it deftroyed the 
 Vermin that were yearly produced' by the 
 overflowing of the Nile : When it died, 
 
 they 
 
[ i8 ] 
 
 they depofited it in an Urn, and cemented 
 a Cover on it. Over the Coffin is a fquare 
 Cafe, in which they placed fome Utenfils 
 belonging to the Deceafed, and depofited 
 it near the Body ; as alio two Models of 
 a Mummy, one of which they put near 
 the Coffin at the Head, the other at the 
 Feet. 
 
 In Poland are at this Time found natu- 
 ral Mummies, preferved without the Af- 
 liftance of Art. They are met with in Ca- 
 verns, are of a blackiffi Colour, with the 
 Fleffi and Skin ffirunk almoft clofe to the 
 
 Bones : It was, fome Centuries ago, com- 
 mon in the Wars, for the weaker Party 
 to retire into fuch Caves, where they were 
 often fuffocated by the Enemy, and are 
 now found in the ftate abovementioned. 
 Human Bodies, refembling thefe laft, are 
 faid to be often met with in the Deferts of 
 Arabia. 
 
 An Urn of the Ibis, and Teveral Egyp- 
 tian Idols in Bronze, are over the Mum- 
 my : I fhall firffi mention Oftris. It is tJiQ 
 
 Figure 
 
[ J 9 ] 
 
 Figure of a Man, the Body in the Shape 
 of a Mummy, with a three-corner’d Cap 
 on its Head, a Whip in one Hand, and a 
 Lituus (a Staff not unlike a Crozier) in 
 the other. Ifis is figured by a Woman, 
 with the Infant Orus in her Lap : 1 hey 
 reprefent her varioufly, but for the mofl 
 part with a large Veil on her Head. 
 Orus , or Harpocrates , their Son, is the Fi- 
 gure of a young Man, holding the Foie- 
 finger of his Left Hand on his Lips, to 
 enforce Silence as the greateft Mark of 
 Prudence, and a reverential Awe for the 
 Divinity. 
 
 Ofiris , who was one of the firft Kings of 
 Egypt, and lfts , his Wife, by their fupe- 
 rior Talents, as well by Example as Pre- 
 cept, civilized Egypt , and all the neigh- 
 bouring Nations. Their Fame was fpread 
 far and near, infomuch that when they 
 died, Gratitude, joined to the Ignorance 
 of the Times, prompted their Subjects to 
 pay them Divine Honours, and worfhip 
 
 them as Deities, and their fupreme Bene- 
 factors v 
 
[ 20 ] 
 
 fa&ors ; imagining that they, who in 
 Knowledge and Goodnefs fo much fur- 
 pafied the reft of Mankind, could not 
 poffibly be of the fame Nature with them. 
 
 Many have been the Suggeftions with 
 refpeft to the Symbols they bear, but they 
 are all arbitrary, and may be varioufly in- 
 terpreted. 
 
 Q/zris, Ifis , and Orus, or Harpo crates^ 
 held the firft Rank among the Gods of 
 the Egyptians , but Ifis was in the greateft 
 Efteem ; for the Worfhip they paid her 
 was much more frequent, and her Feafts 
 more folemn than thofe of the others. 
 The Greeks and Romans , it is imagined, 
 facrificed to the fame Gods, under diffe- 
 rent Names. 
 
 The Egyptians had the greateft Vene- 
 ration imaginable for Cats, infomuch that 
 they infli&ed moft fevere Punilhments on 
 thofe who were unfortunate enough to 
 kill one of them, whether on Purpofe, or 
 by Accident. They often reprefented 
 
 Ailurus , 
 
[ 21 ] 
 
 Ailurus , one of their Gods, under the Fi- 
 gure of a Cat. 
 
 In this Room are alfo fome natural 
 Productions *, as feveral large Corals, a 
 Subftance produced in the Sea, but in 
 what Manner is not yet determined by 
 the Naturalifts. It was long thought to 
 be a Kind of Vegetable, but is now ge- 
 nerally conjectured to be the Cells of fome 
 Sea Infects. 
 
 Keratophyta , a Species of Coral : The 
 Specimen here preferved is vulgarly called 
 a Sea Fan. 
 
 Sertularia , another Species : This is 
 commonly called a Sea Feather. 
 
 Madrepora , a kind of Coral, with fmall 
 Itellated or radiated Perforations. 
 
 Millepora , the fame, with round Per- 
 forations. 
 
 In one of the Repontories is a curious 
 large Brainftone, which is of the Nature 
 of Coral, and fuppofed to be the Net of 
 the Infects above-mentioned. It is not 
 necelfary to fay more of the Corals in this 
 
 Place, 
 
[ 22 ] 
 
 Place, as there will be occafion to men- 
 tion them again, when we come to the 
 Departments. 
 
 There is a very fine Wafp’s Neft pre- 
 ferved in one of the Cabinets, well worth 
 obferving with Attention, being a moil 
 curious Stru&ure. 
 
 In Spirits you fee a Vultur’s Head, 
 fome Serpents, Birds, Spiders, Lizards, 
 and other Articles •, but what muft attract 
 particular Notice, is a fine young Fla- 
 mingo Huffed. This Bird is very fre- 
 quent in the Weft Indies , and has a re- 
 markable long Neck and Legs, which 
 enables it to reach its Prey, which is Fifh, 
 in deep Water. It has webbed Feet, 
 the Beak is broad, the upper Chap bent, 
 deprefied, and dentated, the lower much 
 thicker and firmer •, its Neck and Body 
 are white, the flight Feathers of the Wing 
 black, the fhorter Feathers of a fine 
 bright red. This Bird is fometimes feen 
 in Europe , and was well known to the 
 Ancients, among whom the nice Eaters 
 
 accounted 
 
accounted its Tongue a very great Deli- 
 cacy. It is of a gregarious Nature, and 
 generally appears in large Numbers •, they 
 range themfelves fometimes on the Sea 
 Shore in fuch regular Order, as to have, 
 at a Diftance, a great Refemblance to a 
 Brick Wall. I muft not omit mentioning 
 in this Place a fine Jay, brought from the 
 j Eafi Indies. After having pointed out to 
 my Reader the Back-bone of an Elephant 
 petrified, I fhall quit this, and lead him 
 to the next Room. 
 
 The Saloon is finely ornamented with 
 Frefco Paintings, confifting of Architec- 
 ture, Stair-cafes, Flowers, Statues, and 
 other Things properly arranged. 
 
 The Dome is fupported by feveral At- 
 lantes, and on it is reprefented a Council 
 of the Heathen Gods : Minerva appears 
 moft confpicuous •, the others, with their 
 Attendants, feem varioufly employed. 
 
 In the different Compartments, 
 
 The Giants are turned out of Heaven. 
 
 Mercury 
 
[ *4 ] 
 
 Mercury is feen ready to receive his 
 Orders, as Meflenger of the Gods. 
 
 In another appears Ceres and Neptune , 
 Pan and Amphitrite. 
 
 Phaeton is reprefented driving the Cha- 
 riot of Phoebus , preceded by Aurora , and 
 properly attended by the Hours. 
 
 In this Room, on a Table, is a fine 
 Model of Laocoon and his two Sons, en- 
 circled with Serpents, as defcribed by Vir- 
 gil : It is an excellent Copy of a favourite 
 Piece of Sculpture at Belvidere in Rome. 
 
 This Saloon is appropriated for the Re- 
 ception of Company that happen to come 
 before the Hour mentioned in their 
 Tickets who, after having viewed the 
 Articles contained in the Hall, and firft 
 Room already mentioned, and the Paint- 
 ings, cannot fpend their Time difagree- 
 ably here •, as from the Windows you 
 have not only an agreeable View of the 
 Gardens belonging to the Houfe, which 
 are far from being inelegant, but a de- 
 lightful Profpeft of the Hills and high 
 
 Grounds 
 
L ^5 ] 
 
 Grounds of Hampfiead , Higbgate^ and the 
 adjacent Places. 
 
 We now enter upon the Departments; 
 the firft of which confifts of a Colledtion 
 of Manufcripts, Medals, and Coins. 
 
 The firft Room contains two feveral 
 Colledtions of Manufcripts. 
 
 Bibliotheca Regia MSS. 
 
 Thefe Manufcripts are in Number up- 
 wards of two thoufand Volumes, and 
 were, till lately, kept in the King’s Li- 
 brary, being a Part of the Prefent his late 
 Majefty made to the Mufeum. 
 
 There are in this Colledtion fome very 
 ancient Copies of the holy Scriptures, and 
 Translations of them into many different 
 oriental and other Languages. Thefe 
 are fcarce, and valuable, confequently 
 well worthy the Attention of the learned 
 Antiquary. 
 
 Some old and curious Manufcripts, 
 treating on the Subject of Religion, and 
 C of 
 
[ 26 ] 
 
 of the different Confefiions of Faith, in 
 various Languages, claim our Notice. 
 
 I muff; next juft mention fome large 
 Volumes of Hiftory, finely wrote, and 
 ornamented in a moft elegant Manner 
 with Paintings, as was the Cuftom before 
 Printing was invented. 
 
 There are alfo a great Number of Ma- 
 nuscripts relating to the Hiftory and Go- 
 vernment of the Church, and other cu- 
 rious Subjects •, but it is unneceftary to 
 be more particular, as a Catalogue of 
 them was publifhed in 1734, by Cajley. 
 
 Bibliotheca Cottoniana MSS. 
 
 The Cottonian Collection of Manufcripts 
 is alfo contained in this Room i it is an- 
 cient and noble, confifting of original 
 Charters, Deeds, and Evidences of FaCts, 
 and fome Accounts of remarkable Trans- 
 actions previous to the fettling of our pre- 
 fent Civil Rights, and long before the 
 Reformation of Religion. 
 
 There 
 
[ 27 ] 
 
 There are many ancient Copies of fe de- 
 ral Parts of the Bible, and Originals of 
 fome Works that were formerly held in 
 great Efteem among the Ecclefiaftics. 
 
 But what is more particularly to be ad- 
 mired, is an original of that great Bul- 
 wark of our Liberties, the Magna Charta ; 
 and if fo, how can we fufficiently lament 
 its having been greatly injured by an ac- 
 cidental Fire that damaged the whole 
 Colle&ion. As a Catalogue has alfo been 
 publilhed of thefe Manufcripts, I need 
 not any longer detain my Reader in this 
 Room, but proceed to the next, which 
 contains, 
 
 Bibliotheca Harleiana MSS. 
 
 Thefe are a Part of the Harleian Manu- 
 fcripts, which are a Colleftion on which 
 we cannot eafily fet too high a Value. 
 The Room we are now treating of, con- 
 tains many curious Copies of the Bible, 
 and the different Parts of it, in a Variety 
 of Languages. 
 
 C 2 
 
 Some 
 
[ *S ] 
 
 Some original Manufcripts, treating ot 
 Divinity and Ecclefiaftical Matters, fuch 
 as ParapKrafes, Homilies, Commentaries, 
 Rituals, &V. written at different Periods 
 of Time, and defcribing the feveral Sedts 
 of Chriftianity difperfed in all Parts of the 
 World where it has been eftablilhed. 
 
 Alcorans, and other V urkifh Books, with 
 fome hiftorical Accounts of the Rile of 
 Mahometanifm. 
 
 A Thor ah, the five Books of Mofes , finely 
 wrote in Hebrew on a Vellum Roll, fuch 
 as the Jews ufed to have in every Syna- 
 gogue, when it was found very corredt. 
 It was not ufual for them to produce it 
 but on certain folemn Occafions. 
 
 In this Room is a Series of Englifh 
 Medals, beginning with William Rufus , 
 and reaching down to the prefent Times. 
 
 Bibliotheca Harleiana. II. 
 
 This Room contains another Part of 
 the Harleian Manufcripts, treating chiefly 
 of philofophical, hiftorical, and philologi- 
 cal 
 
[ 29 ] 
 
 cal Subjects, in a Variety of Languages, 
 and by many different Authors. The 
 Public has been gratified with a Catalogue 
 of this Collection, to which, without en- 
 larging any more on the Subject, I refer 
 them, if they fhould be curious to know 
 the particular Contents. 
 
 Harleiana. III. 
 
 Charts & Rotuli. 
 
 This fourth Room of the Department 
 contains the Harleian Collection of origi- 
 nal (or very ancient and authentic Copies 
 of) Charters, ACts of Parliament, Deeds, 
 Warrants, Rolls, and other Inftruments 
 in Writing, relative to a great Variety of 
 public TranfaCtions at home and abroad. 
 Thefe are efteemed very valuable, and 
 are carefully depofited in Cabinets, and 
 locked up i but there is a large Manu- 
 fcript Catalogue referring the CuriotiSL to 
 the Particulars. 
 
 In this Room is a Series of French 
 Medals, beginning with thofe of Phara - 
 C 3 mond. 
 
[ 3 ° ] 
 
 mond. It is to be noted, that the Medals 
 may, by turning a Button, be viewed both 
 In Front and Reverfe. 
 
 In the fifth Room is carefully preferved 
 in feveral fmall Cabinets, Sir Ham Sloan ? s 
 Colle&ion of Medals. Their Number, 
 as I have been credibly informed, is up- 
 wards of twenty thoufand ; but, as they 
 are not yet properly arranged, the Public 
 is not gratified with the Sight of them. 
 
 I cannot take a better Opportunity of 
 informing the unlearned Reader, that 
 Medals and Coins are generally fmall 
 round Pieces of fome of the more valuable 
 Kind of Metals : On one Side is, for the 
 molt Part, the Head of an Emperor, 
 King, or other great Man, whofe Memory 
 is meant to be perpetuated ; round the 
 Rim is a Legend giving the Name of the 
 Hero, and fometimes on the fame Side is 
 a Motto ( exergum ) added : On the Reverfe 
 is generally the Reprefentation or a Sym- 
 bol of fome remarkable Fa6t or Quality, 
 or elfe it has other Infcriptions on it. 
 
 A 
 
C 3» ] 
 
 A Medal to be valuable ftiould be 
 fcarce •, fhould point out Tome extraordi- 
 nary Event ; or have a great Singularity 
 in the Reverfe •, but above all, it muft be 
 an Original, which very often is not the 
 Cafe with fome that are in high Eftima- 
 tion. Medals and Coins are of two Kinds, 
 ancient and modern : The ancient Medals 
 are again fubdivided, into thofe of the 
 higher and thofe of the lower Antiquity : 
 The ancient of the higher Antiquity com- 
 prehend all thofe that were ftruck before 
 the Beginning of the fourth Century ; 
 thofe of the lower Antiquity are what 
 were ftruck from that Period of Time to 
 the Beginning of the tenth Century. All 
 that have been ftruck fince are efteemed 
 modern. 
 
 Every Collector of Medals is ambitious 
 to get thofe that are moft valuable, fcarce, 
 and rareft to be met with *, confequently 
 the Punic , Hebrew, Gothic , and Arabic , are 
 univerfally fought, very few of them being 
 preferved. 
 
 C 4 
 
 The 
 
[ 3 2 I 
 
 The Greek Medals are the m$ft ancient, 
 as well as the moll beautiful, the Figures 
 of them being remarkably neat, and con- 
 ftarttly admired, far exceeding in Work- 
 manfhip any that are to be met with. 
 
 Thofe of Rome are of three Periods ; 
 firft, what were ftruck in the Time the 
 City was governed by Confuls, therefore 
 called Confular; next, the Imperial, or 
 thofe ftruck after Julius Crfar , during the 
 Reigns of the feveral Emperors that fuC- 
 ceeded him ; and laftly, the Pontifical, 
 which have been in late Times ftruck by 
 Order of the Popes. Thefe laft in the 
 firft Ages were of little Value. 
 
 Medallions, called by the Romans MiJJi - 
 lia , partake of the Nature of Medals, 
 except that they are larger and thicker. 
 They were generally intended either to 
 afcertain the iEta of fome memorable 
 Event, or to be given, as a Token of 
 Honour, to fome Perfon, who had deferved 
 well of the Public. 
 
 Bibljo- 
 
[ 33 ] 
 
 Bibliotheca Sloaniana MSS. 
 
 The fixth Room contains Sir Hans 
 Slcane’s Manufcripts. They are a valua- 
 ble Collection, though not To ancient as 
 thofe I have already mentioned. Their 
 Subjects are comprehenfive, and confe- 
 quently may be efteemed of general Ufe. 
 There are many original Treatifes on Phi- 
 lofophy, Phyfic, Natural Hiftory, and, in 
 fine, almoft the whole Circle of Sciences. 
 The curious Reader may here find va- 
 rious and good Accounts of the Manners, 
 Cuftoms, Languages, Civil Government, 
 Trade, Difeafes, natural Productions, An- 
 tiquities, &c. &c. of many different Na- 
 tions. Great Numbers of them are wrote 
 in a very mafterly Manner ; therefore, as 
 they were never printed, it would be a 
 very meritorious Work, fhould fome Per- 
 fon, properly qualified, feleCt thofe that 
 are molt worthy of Notice, and publifh 
 them, for the Satisfaction of the learned 
 World. 
 
 C 5 
 
 In 
 
[ 34 ] 
 
 In this Room is to be feen a Table of 
 the Pontifical Medals, beginning with 
 Martin the Fifth, (who was the firft of 
 the Popes that {truck them good) and 
 carried on in a chronological Series to the 
 pr-efent Times. 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 H AVING accompanied my Reader, 
 I hope in fome Sort to his Satis- 
 faction, through the firft Department, and 
 given a fnort Account of the Contents of 
 the feveral Rooms it confifts of, I {hall 
 now enter upon the fecond in Courfe, 
 that is, the Department of natural and 
 artificial Productions, in which is to be 
 feen, perhaps, the largeft and moil curious 
 Collection the World has to boaft of; 
 at leaft, it may be faid, that never was a 
 Muleum of fuch Confequence formed by 
 any Perfon under the Degree of a Sove- 
 reign Prince before. There is fcarcely a 
 
 Country, 
 
[ 35 ] 
 
 Country, though ever fo diftant, that has 
 not greatly contributed to enrich this De- 
 partment. We may here lee the Progrefs 
 of Art in the different Ages of the World, 
 exemplified in a Variety of Uteijlils 
 each Nation in each Century has pro- 
 duced. Natural Hiftory may in this 
 Place be ftudied from Nature herfelf, fo 
 great is the Variety here contained of the 
 moft curious Productions of the Earth, 
 Air, and Water. 
 
 In going through the almofl infinite 
 Number of Curiofities which the Depart- 
 ment contains, I fhall, for the greater Eafe 
 of my Readers, obferve a Method fome- 
 what regular •, firft giving the Infcriptions 
 on the feveral Repofitories, and afterwards 
 explaining the Nature of the principal 
 Contents of them. So copious is the Sub- 
 ject, that my chief Endeavour muff be, -to 
 give fuch an Account, as may be fatis- 
 factory, and anfwer the End propofed, 
 without exceeding the Bounds I have fet 
 myfelf. It is fome Degree of Merit to 
 C 6 mean 
 
[ ] 
 
 mean well : I fhali, therefore, without 
 farther Apology, proceed. 
 
 COLLECTIO SlOANIANA. 
 
 There are many Pieces of Antiquity in 
 this Room, confifting of a great Number 
 of Urns, Veflels, &V. ufed of old by dif- 
 ferent Nations, which after having been 
 long buried in the Ruins of the Temples, 
 and other public and private Buildings, 
 and for many Ages, when by Accident 
 found, efteemed of no Worth, are now 
 preferved with the utmoft Care in the 
 feveral Mufeums, as Objefts of Value, 
 and worthy the greateft Attention of the 
 Learned. Many dark Paifages in the 
 ancient Hiftorians are explained by them ; 
 and we are by their Means made ac- 
 quainted with fome important Matters 
 relative to the Hiftories of the refpedtive 
 Nations where they were ufed, which their 
 Writers have omitted to mention. Many 
 Things deemed of fmall Value by a vulgar 
 Obferver, when viewed by the Learned, 
 
 are 
 
[ 37 ] 
 
 are found to be of abundant Ufe to 
 Science. It is on this Account the 
 World cannot boaft of fo many Antiqui- 
 ties it could otherwife have done ; for 
 though Time is a great Deftroyer of hu- 
 man Productions, the Iron Hand of Ig- 
 norance and Superftition has often done 
 Learning more real Injury in one Year, 
 than Time in many Centuries. What 
 Lengths will not Ignorance run, when 
 animated by a falfe Zeal ? 
 
 The Collection in this Room does not 
 entirely confift of Pieces of Antiquity; 
 we find many modern Articles brought 
 from diftant Nations, particularly from 
 the feveral Parts of the new World of 
 America , which ferve to difcover the In- 
 duftry, Genius, and Manners of the In- 
 habitants. Happy for them were they 
 now content with the little that once fatis- 
 fied them •, but the polite Europeans , fince 
 the Difcovery of thofe Parts, have, by 
 encreafing their Wants, deprived them of 
 
 their 
 
[ 38 ] 
 
 their Eafe, convincing them they have 
 many Things to wilh for. 
 
 Anti qjj itates ^gvptiac^:. 
 
 In the Repofitories bearing this Title, 
 are a great N umber of Egyptian Antiqui- 
 ties j and firft feveral Bronze Figures, 
 fome reprefenting Ifis with the Infant 
 Orus on her Lap ; in others Ihe is Handing 
 with a Variety of Symbols. For a farther 
 Account of this Goddefs, the Reader is 
 referred back to Page 19. where Ihe is 
 treated of pretty much at large. 
 
 Here are alfo fome Figures of Ofiris , 
 reprefented by a Man with a large Beard. 
 See what is faid of him. Page 18, and 
 Harpocrates. 
 
 Jupiter Serapis: A Figure of an old 
 bearded Man, with a Kind of Balket 
 (Modius ) over his Head. 
 
 Siftrum : A mufical Inftrument of Me- 
 tal, in Form of a Racket, traverfed by feve- 
 ral moveable Bars •, it was conftantly ufed 
 
 in 
 
[ 39 ] 
 
 in Egypt by the Priefts of Ifis in their re- 
 ligious Ceremonies and Sacrifices. 
 
 An Urn, with a Cover cemented to it, 
 containing an Ibis ^ its Form is that of an 
 inverted Cone. See Page 19. 
 
 A BafTo Relievo in Marble, reprefenting 
 an Idol of Mendes in Egypt , where they 
 formerly worfhipped a Goat •, from whence 
 it is fuppofed the Greeks borrowed their 
 God Pan. 
 
 Canopus. An Alabafter Urn, with a Co- 
 ver made in Form of a Hawk’s Head, 
 and marked with feveral Hieroglyphics. 
 When the Canopus was filled with the 
 Water of the Nile, it was held facred, 
 and kept with great Veneration and Care, 
 being worfhipped as a God. The Cano- 
 pus was not always made in the fame 
 Form, being fometimes like the Body of 
 a Man, on the Back of a Griffin, or other 
 mixed Monfter. 
 
 We find here a great Number and Va- 
 riety of fmall earthen Figures, fhaped 
 like Mummies, with the Head of Ifis , or 
 
 Ofiris , 
 
[ 4 ° ] 
 
 OfiriSy fome adorned with Hieroglyphics, 
 others plain. They were efleemed to be 
 Guardians of the Mummies, and are more 
 particularly defcribed Page 19. 
 
 Several Buftos, and Groups of Figures 
 in earthen Ware, fuppofed to be the 
 Houlhold Gods of the meaner Sort of 
 People. 
 
 We muft notice in this Place a Veffel 
 of white porous Earth, which is faid to 
 have a particular Quality ; for if you fill 
 it with Water, and lay Seeds of fmall Sal- 
 let in the Furrows on the Outfide, they 
 will grow, and be fit for Ufe in a few 
 Days. 
 
 At the upper End of the Table are 
 feveral more Figures in Metal of Ofiris , 
 Jfis, Harper ates, Egyptian Priefts, & c. 
 
 Apis. An Egyptian God reprefented by 
 the Figure of a Bull. The Egyptians held 
 in great Veneration a Bull of a certain 
 particular Colour, with a Knot under its 
 Tongue j he was kept and fed in a mag- 
 nificent Temple, and with great Cere- 
 mony 
 
f 4i ] 
 
 mony attended by a feledt Number of 
 Priefts, exprefly devoted to his Service. 
 When the old one died* it was ufual for 
 them to fubftitute another of the fame 
 Colour in his Place. Various have been 
 the Conje&ures on the Veneration in 
 which the Egyptians held this Animal j 
 but it is needlefs at this Time to mention 
 them. 
 
 Here are feveral fmall Amulets with 
 Loops to them, which in Egypt the blind 
 Superftition of the Inhabitants prompted 
 them to wear about their Perfons, as 
 Charms, or Prefervatives againft bad For- 
 tune, unforefeen Accidents, Sicknefs, &c. 
 They left them alfo with the Dead, as 
 Guardians of the Manes (Spirits) ; fome 
 of them are of Metal, others of vitrified 
 Earth, and in Figure refemble Ifis^ with 
 the Head of a Bird, a Dog, or a Bull, 
 Some of the Specimens are fo fmall, that 
 they are fixed on little Cufhions, to pre- 
 vent their being loft. 
 
 The 
 
t 42 ] 
 
 The Head of Anubis , or Cynocephalus , 
 a Dog which in Egypt they worffiipped, 
 prompted thereto, as is fuppofed, on 
 Account of his having been a conftant 
 Attendant of the Goddefs Jfis. 
 
 Figures of ( Ailurus ) a Cat, a Mon- 
 key, &c. Scarabs, Beetles of various Sizes, 
 made of Marble, Agate, Cornelian, &V. 
 They were held facred in the Opinion of 
 the fuperftitious Egyptians , on fome par- 
 ticular Account •, but why, it is at pre- 
 fent very difficult to form any probable 
 Conje&ure. 
 
 Periapt a . Thefe are fmall oblong Pieces 
 of enamelled Earth, notched, as is in 
 general conje&ured, to mark the rifing 
 and falling of the Water of the Nile. The 
 beft Authors that have wrote on the Sub- 
 ject of the Egyptian Antiquities, call thefe 
 Pieces of Earth Nilometri , or Nilofcopia. 
 
 We find alfo a Cylinder, and fome 
 Pebbles curioufiy marked with Hiero- 
 glyphics and Figures •, but their Ufe is 
 
 not 
 
[ 43 ] 
 
 not eatily determined at this Diftance of 
 Time. 
 
 The next to be noticed are fome Phoeni- 
 cian Seals, worth Attention on Account 
 of their Antiquity. 
 
 Anti cl u itates Hetrusc/e. 
 
 The four Repofitories under this Title, 
 contain Hetrufcan Antiquities. They were 
 a Nation that formerly flourifhed in that 
 Part of Italy, now called T ufcany. It is 
 to be noted, they were the firft People 
 that cultivated the politer Arts in Europe , 
 from whence they fpread even to Rome , 
 which acknowledged itfelf much indebted 
 to the Inhabitants of that Part of Italy , on 
 many Accounts. 
 
 Firft to be remarked are fome Bronzes ; 
 as a Figure of Mars , the God of War *, 
 a Reus Averruncus , the God who prefided 
 over the common Sewers ; a Head ox 
 Proferpine , &c. 
 
 A great Number of Veffels of different 
 Forms, made of a Kind of fine pale red 
 
 Earth ; 
 
[ 44 ] 
 
 Earth ; fome of them plain, but elegantly 
 varnifhed •, others painted with Figures, 
 Letters, and various Ornaments, next at- 
 traft our Attention. They are of a bet- 
 ter Shape, and much handfomer than ei- 
 ther the Egyptian , or thofe firft made of 
 the Roman T'erra Cotta , or Pot Earth, and 
 were greatly efteemed and valued by the 
 Romans , after they had fubdued the an- 
 cient Hetrufcans. Thefe Velfels confift of 
 Amphoras , or Vafes with two Handles, 
 and Covers to them very curioufly painted 
 and ornamented. The Roman Amphora 
 generally contained about feven Gallons 
 Englifh Wine Meafure, thefe are not fo 
 large. The Ufe of them was to hold the 
 different Kinds of Wine, Oil, &V. When 
 full of Wine, the Romans ufed generally 
 to bury them in the Ground for fome 
 Years, in order to give it a higher Fla- 
 vour; and they were very curious and 
 fuperftitious in their Manner of doing it. 
 
 We next qome to fome Bottles of a 
 larger Size than the Amphoras, but for the 
 fame Ufe. Ar.d 
 
[ 45 ] 
 
 And fome much fmaller, ufed for Li- 
 bations, or perhaps as Lacrymatories, to 
 receive the Tears of the Mourners at 
 Funerals. 
 
 Jars with triangular Mouths, intended 
 to pour Water on the Hands of thePriefts, 
 or for Libations in their Sacrifices. 
 
 Many Pateras, Difhes, of various Shapes 
 and Sizes : Some of them have Pedeftals ; 
 they have Handles, which are either ho- 
 rizontal or vertical; and were ufed for 
 Perfumes, for burning Incenfe, for keep- 
 ing Fire, or carrying it from Place to 
 Place. 
 
 Cups for containing the great Variety 
 of precious Ointments that were formerly 
 in Ufe. 
 
 Some Pateras very large, and orna- 
 mented with Figures and Hetrufcan Let- 
 ters. 
 
 We muft alfo take particular notice of 
 fome Urns of plain Alabafter, and others 
 very large, but ornamented with the fame 
 Kind oi Figures and Infcriptions as the 
 
 large 
 
t 46 ] 
 
 large Pateras juft above mentioned. The 
 Letters do not agree with any Alphabet 
 now in Ufe, or known ; for which Reafon 
 our Antiquaries are at great Lofs to un- 
 derftand the Purport and Meaning of 
 them. 
 
 - 
 
 Antiquitates Romans. 
 
 The next fix Partitions are filled with 
 Roman Antiquities, and confift of feveral 
 ancient Figures, Buftos and Baffo Relie- 
 vos of various Kinds, and other curious 
 Ardcles. 
 
 I fhall firft mention the Copy of an 
 antique Piece of Sculpture, made to per- 
 petuate the Memory of. a Slave that dis- 
 covered a dangerous Confpiracy againft 
 Rome , whilft grinding his Knife. 
 
 Some W reftlers in Stucco, 
 
 Lucina the Goddefs of Childbirth, jEf- 
 culapius the God of Phyfic, fome Veftals 
 and facrificing Veffels in Marble, and 
 many Marble Heads, particularly of the 
 Emperor Adrian, Hercules , P lato the Phi- 
 losopher, 
 
[ 47 ] 
 
 lofopher, Juno, and others, fome of which 
 are not eafily diftinguifhed, and the reft 
 it is not neceflary to particularize. 
 
 We muft obferve feveral Bronze Fi- 
 gures, as of Venus, Cupid , Hercules , Mars , 
 feveral Roman Soldiers, Dea Fafcinatrix 
 the Goddefs of Spells and Charms ; Vef- 
 tals, C aft or, Priapus , Terminus the God 
 who prefided over Land-marks ; Griphon , 
 and others. 
 
 In Bronze are alfo the Heads of Juno , 
 Diana, Apollo, Mercury , Minotaurus, Fau- 
 nas, &c. 
 
 What come next in courfe, are fome 
 uncommon Mafks, various Votaries or 
 Oblations, Models of Circufes, the Places 
 where they exhibited their public Games, 
 and feveral Pieces of Stones, Bricks, and 
 earthern Pipes, dug out of the Ruins of 
 the ancient Roman Buildings, Aquedufts, 
 &c. By thefe we are in fome Sort made 
 acquainted with the Nature of thofe Ma- 
 terials that could caufe their Buildings to 
 
 laft 
 
[ 48 ] 
 
 laft To many Ages, fome of them remain- 
 ing tolerably perfeCt even to this Time. 
 
 In England , as well as in many other 
 Parts of Europe , there have been frequent- 
 ly found buried in the Earth, feveral Kinds 
 of Axes, Chiflels, Wedges both with and 
 without Loops to them, and Heads of 
 Spears, all made of Brafs. It is far from 
 being determined by the Antiquaries of 
 the prefent Age, for what Ufe thefe feve- 
 ral Articles were originally intended i 
 their Conjectures on the SubjeCt are vari- 
 ous, fome imagining they were ufed for 
 killing the Victims in their Sacrifices, 
 others afterting they were merely orna- 
 mental, and not a few at this timC ima- 
 gine the Antients had a fecret Art of har- 
 dening Brafs, fo as to make it proper for 
 forming Edge-tools, or Inftruments of 
 War-, which Quality, fay they, the Brafs 
 may have long fince loft by laying in the 
 Earth i but after all, the moft probable 
 Opinion is, that they were the Tops of 
 the Roman LiCtors Fafces. They are often 
 
 called 
 
[ 49 ] 
 
 called by the general Name of Celtes, 
 and many of them are here to be feen. 
 
 Sacrificing Instruments. 
 
 Under this Head are a* Variety of odd- 
 fancied Metal Lamps : * Thdir Shape dif- 
 fers greatly ; fome being like Animals, 
 others fuch Monfters as have not their 
 Likenefs in Nature: But the Reader will 
 form a much better Idea of them by In- 
 fpe&ion, than he pofiibly can by any De- 
 fection. They were chiefly ufed in the 
 Temples. 
 
 A facrificing Knife, Simpulums, Cha- 
 lices, Ladles, and other Inftruments^ of 
 Brafs, ufed by the Priefts in their Sacri- 
 fices. 
 
 We now come to a great Number of 
 Roman Pateras, Diflies, various in Form 
 and Size, according to the Ufes for which 
 they were intended ; many of them were 
 for receiving the Blood of the Vi&ims in 
 their Sacrifices ; the reft were appropriated 
 D to 
 
[ 5 © ] 
 
 to other Purpofes, but chiefly the Service 
 of the Priefts in the Temples. 
 
 Lacrymatories. 
 
 Thefe were fmall Glafs or earthen Bot- 
 tles, chiefly in the Form of Phials. At 
 the Roman Funerals, the Friends of the 
 Deceafed, or the (Prafica) Women hired 
 for that Purpofe, ufed to fill them with 
 their Tears, and depofite them very care- 
 fully with the Alhes, in Teftimony of 
 their fincere Sorrow •, imagining the Manes 
 of the Departed were thereby greatly com- 
 forted. Many Specimens of them are 
 preferved in the Cabinets of the Curious, 
 and here in particular. 
 
 What claim in the next Place our Re- 
 gard, are a Number of earthen fepulchral 
 Lamps of various Forms, ufually met with 
 in the old Monuments near the Urns, and 
 in the Catacombs at Rome , in Naples , and 
 Sicily. 
 
 Some have aflerted, that thefe Lamps 
 have been found burning after being 
 
 buried 
 
t 51 ] 
 
 buried for many Ages *, but it cannot be 
 fuppofed they were really burning from 
 the Time they were there depofited till 
 they were found, as it is well known Fire 
 is foon extinguifhed by the Want of Air*, 
 and if it has Air, the Fuel that fupplies it 
 mull wafte and decreafe in Quantity, be 
 it of what Nature it will : The moft rea- 
 fonable Conjecture, therefore, is, that the 
 Ruth, Cotton, or Wick of thefe Lamps, 
 was impregnated with a Kind of Phofpho- 
 rus that would take Fire as foon as the 
 Air had Liberty to operate on it. Some, 
 who maintain they were conftantly burn- 
 ing, conjecture, that the Wick was made 
 of the Filaments of Afbeftos, which Fire 
 could not confume j and that the Oil or 
 Matter which fupplied it was of fuch a 
 Nature, as that a trifling Quantity of it 
 would laft an Age. 
 
 We find here fevcral (OJfuaria) fquare 
 Urns, with Covers, and Inicriptions on 
 them. 
 
 D 2 
 
 And 
 
[ 52 ] 
 
 And others of a more ordinary Kind of 
 Roman and British Urns, wherein the An- 
 cients, after having burnt the Bodies of 
 the Deceafed, depofited their Allies, bu- 
 rying them with the Lamps, Lacryma- 
 tpries, &c, already defcribed. 
 
 Anti qjj itates Varies. 
 
 T. Hollis, Arm r . Dono Dedit. 
 
 Under this Title are preferved a Col- 
 fe&ion of Antiquities of various Kinds, 
 which T. Hollis , Efq-, gave to the Mu- 
 feum. 
 
 I fliall, in giving a Ihort Account of 
 them, firft juft mention an Alabafter round 
 Urn with a Cover, and another of the 
 fame Kind, but fquare : Thefe were for 
 the Purpofe of depofiting Afhes. 
 
 We. here find feveral Bronze Figures of 
 Egyptian Idols, Pnefts, cdV. but, as I have 
 already fufficiently enlarged on the Sub- 
 jeft of them, it is not neceffary to be more 
 particular. ^ 
 
[ 53 ] 
 
 A Dyphon, Hercules , Mercury , Silenus , &c. 
 attradt our Notice, and fome more Hetruf- 
 can Veffels of the fame Kind as thofe de- 
 fcribed. Page 44. 
 
 Several Figures of Roman Gods, Heroes, 
 Generals, and Soldiers. 
 
 Some Marble Buftos of Janus , Bifrons , 
 Hercules Balbinus , Lucina , and Diana. 
 
 We mull notice alfo under this Title 
 fome Votaries, or Oblations. It was ufual 
 among the Heathens of old, when in any 
 imminent Danger, to make a Vow to 
 fome favourite God, to do fome particu- 
 lar A£t, if they efcaped from it, as to build 
 a Temple, or perhaps a Thing of lefs Con- 
 fequence ; and in Commemoration of their. 
 Deliverance they hung up the Votiva T a- 
 bula , with a proper Infcription. They 
 fometimes alfo dedicated a Tablet to the 
 Gods, in Thankfgiving of fome fortunate 
 Event, though they had made no Vow to 
 do it. 
 
 We next proceed to Lacrymatories, 
 Lamps, and Urns j but, as I have already 
 D 3 given 
 
[ 54 3 
 
 given my Reader a general Idea of them, 
 I fhall forbear to fay any more on the 
 Subject. 
 
 Here are fome large earthen Jars (Gutli) 
 which the Ancients ufed for Philtration 
 cf Liquids, particularly the Water they 
 drank at their Meals. 
 
 American Idols. 
 
 Thefe are the chief Contents of the re- 
 maining Repofitories. The Idols are made 
 of Earth, and either burnt or hardened in 
 the Sun ; fome of them were worfhipped 
 in Peru , others in Mexico , when the Euro- 
 peans difcovered that Part of the World : 
 They were placed in High-ways, to be 
 ready for the Adoration of Paflengers. 
 
 The Indians worlhipped two fupreme 
 Gods •, one of which they efteemed the 
 moft powerful, and looked upon as the 
 Author of all Good 5 the other of all Evil ; 
 The firft they worlhipped through Love, 
 and thanked him for the Effeds of his 
 Goodnefs ; the other through Fear, im- 
 ploring 
 
[ 55 ] 
 
 ploring him not to do them or theirs any 
 Injury. 
 
 One of thefe earthen Idols, I have men- 
 tioned above, to have been worfhipped in 
 America , bears a very great Refemblance 
 to fome preferred among the Antiquities 
 of Egypt already defcribed *, which makes 
 it not improbable that South America was 
 firft peopled from thence ; at leaft, it has 
 been fo conjedured by feveral of the 
 Learned •, imagining they might, in fome 
 of their long Voyages, have been driven 
 on that Coaft, without being able to re- 
 turn to their own Country, which is not 
 at all furpriflng, if we refled how deftitute 
 they were of all thofe Helps to Naviga- 
 tion, which we are fo abundantly fupplied 
 with. 
 
 Next to be obferved is a Japonefe Pagod, 
 a Model of a Temple with an Idol in it. 
 The People of Japan ufually keep one of 
 them in their Houfes, in the fame Man- 
 ner the Romans did their Houlhold Gods. 
 
 D 4 Here 
 
[ 56 ] 
 
 Here are fome Stone or Earthen Bottles 
 inclofed in Cafes of Wicker-work, made 
 of Cane or Rufhes, contrived in fuch a 1 
 
 Manner, they may be fwung with Vio- ^ 
 
 lence in the Hand. They are ufed in the 
 warmer Eaftern Climates of Afia, parti- r | 
 cularly in Ferfuz , where the Inhabitants 
 imagine by fwinging their Liquor in thefe 
 Bottles, to make • it more pleafant and 
 agreeable to the Palate. The French call 
 them with much Propriety, Gargoulettes. 
 
 I need but juft mention that feveral 
 Kinds of Indian Pots are next in Courfe, 
 and a Variety of other Articles by them 
 applied to domeftic Ufes, but which are 
 not of Confequence enough to take up 
 more of our Time. 
 
 The Reader will obferve a Neft of 
 Balkets made of the Bark of a Tree, and 
 edged with Porcupines Quills, dyed of 
 various Colours ; and fome large Bafons 
 and Ewers, of a pale green Jafper with 
 black Spots. 
 
 On 
 
f 57 1 
 
 On the Sides of the Room are hung up 
 in Frames feveral Pieces of Stucco Ceil- 
 ings, &c. fome of them brought from 
 Nero’s Bath at Rome , others from Pompeii. 
 
 A Bacchus of Alabafter, and two earthen 
 Difhes of Raphael’s Painting, which are 
 fuppofed to be the firft that were ever 
 enamelled or glazed in that Manner. 
 
 Near the Articles juft above mentioned, 
 is the Sword of State of Hugh Lupus , firft 
 Earl of Chefter ; and fome Baftinadoes, 
 which are Iriftruments of Punifhment ufed 
 by the Lurks to beat the Soles of the Feet 
 of Offenders. 
 
 I fhall now go to one of the Repofitories 
 near the Windows, in which are fome 
 Calumets of Peace, large Tobacco Pipes, 
 which the Indians of North America ufe as 
 a Token of Friendfhip. 
 
 Some Whifks made of an Indian Cow’s 
 Tail, and Brufhes of fibrous Roots and 
 Feathers. 
 
 A Variety of mufical Inftruments from 
 the Eafi and Weft Indies next claim our 
 D 5 Atten- 
 
[ 58 ] 
 
 Attention, fome of which are Wind In- 
 ftruments, others have Strings •, and here 
 are likewife Drums of feveral Kinds from 
 China and America , but more particularly 
 fome from Lapland , of the fame Sort as 
 thofe ufed by their Enchanters, by the 
 Help of which, as many Authors have 
 afferted, they were enabled to raife mighty 
 Tempefls, and do other Things not lefs 
 wonderful. 
 
 In the other Repofitory near the Win- 
 dows are a great Number and Variety of 
 ancient mathematical Inftruments, by 
 which the learned Obferver may be en- 
 abled to judge how much that particular 
 Branch of Science is improved. 
 
 My Reader will now accompany me to 
 the Table where there are more Pieces 
 of Roman Antiquity prefer ved ; fome of 
 which moft worthy Remark I fhall 
 mention. 
 
 Among them are feveral Heads and 
 Buftos, of which the Head of Mercury , 
 with a Chain fixed to it, deferves Notice j 
 
 it 
 
m i 59 3 
 
 it is fuppofed to have been worn by fome 
 j Roman, as a Charm, to fecure him good 
 Fortune, and preferve him from Thieves ; 
 and another of Califtus , a Freedman of 
 Claudius C<efar, who grew fo wealthy, that 
 he was generally efteemed the richeft and 
 moft fortunate Man among the Romans of 
 the Age he lived in. 
 
 Some Pieces of Bricks and Tiles with 
 Figures and Letters {tamped on them, 
 (by which we may be enabled to judge 
 how near the Romans approached to a 
 Difcovery of the noble Art of Printing) 
 are here preferred. 
 
 I {hall pafs over diverfe other Heads, 
 fome Figures of Animals, and Heads of 
 Canes or Sticks ; and proceed to the Spe- 
 cimens of the Roman Fibulas, a Kind of 
 Buckle or Clafp, ufed by them to fatten 
 their upper Garments, and of which we 
 could not have formed any perfect Idea, 
 were it not for the Specimens preferred 
 in the feveral Colle&ions of the Curious. 
 
 D 6 Here 
 
[ 6o ] m 
 
 Here are alfo a Variety of Keys of dif- 
 ferent Sorts, particularly the Ring Key, 
 which for greater Security was worn on 
 the Finger ; and fome Bracelets and other 
 Ornaments, &c. of Metal. 
 
 We muft next attend to the Stylus, 
 which is a Steel Inftrument, ufed by the 
 Romans to write on their Tablets of Wax. 
 
 Some Roman Weights, and feveral Peb- 
 bles with Figures and Infcriptions on 
 them. 
 
 Various Kinds of Meafures for Oil, 
 Pulfe, &c. TeJfeU , and Parts of ancient 
 Pavements and Mofaic Work ; the Dice 
 here preferved, are found in great Quan- 
 tities in different Parts of the World, and 
 by fome fuppofed to have been dropped 
 by the Soldiers of the Roman Armies in 
 their March from one Station to another. 
 
 Some Corn brought from the Ruins of 
 Herculaneum. 
 
 There is a Leaf of Silver, or Amal- 
 gama, preferved here, on which are plain- 
 
 iy 
 
[ ft ] 
 
 ly perceivable the Lines and Letters that 
 have been imprefied or {lamped on it. 
 
 We next fee fome 'Turkifh, Talifmans, 
 or Charms, with Arabic Infcriptions, being 
 generally a Sentence of the Alcoran. In 
 thefe the Superftitious among the Mahome- 
 tans have great Faith, and rely much on 
 their Power, imagining there are noJVlif- 
 fortunes, from which they may not be 
 delivered by them, and particularly that 
 whoever wears them is free from all 
 Panger of being affaulted by evil Genii, 
 or Spirits, which they believe are conti- 
 nually hovering about the World, watch- 
 ing Occahons to injure Mankind. 
 
 Some Tahbahs or Seals, (infcribed with 
 Arabic Words) which the T urks ufe inftead 
 of figning their Names. 
 
 Further on are fome Talifmans and 
 Abraxas, a Kind of Spells or Charms 
 with which fome fuperftitious or artful 
 People in the firft Ages of Chriflianity 
 pretended they could cure all Difeafes, 
 the Parties affli&ed wearing them about 
 
 their 
 
[ 62 ] 
 
 their Perfons : It was likewife imagined 
 they were a Prote&ion from Witchcraft 
 and Enchantments. Some of them are 
 marked with the Conflellations ; others 
 have the Figures of Angels, &c. on them ; 
 but thefe Cabalifts efpecially attributed 
 on all Occafions a particular Power and 
 Virtue to the Word Abracadabra , the Let- 
 ters of it being properly arranged. 
 
 My Reader is next to obferve a Snuff- 
 box made of the Lava of Mount Vefuvius , 
 fome Account has been given. Page 6, 
 of the Nature of this Lava. 
 
 A Ring fet with a tranfparent Agate. 
 
 Two Pieces of ferpentine Stone for the 
 Lid and Bottom of a Snuff-box, and fome 
 Pieces of metallic Cryftal from Mount 
 JEtna. 
 
 Among fome Bronze Figures brought 
 hither with the Cotton Library, is one par- 
 ticularly worthy of Remark, on Account 
 of its Singularity, the naked Body being 
 covered with a rough Subftance, and 
 
 upon the whole bears a great Refemblance 
 
 to 
 
C 63 ] 
 
 to the Porcupine Man, who fome Years 
 ago fhewed himfelf to the Royal Society, 
 ~and afterwards to the Public in general : 
 He has a Son of the fame wonderful Ap- , 
 pearance. 
 
 T. Hollis, Arm r . Bono Bedit. 
 
 We now come to fome Articles given 
 by r. Hollis , Efq; particularly Thread, 
 Corn, Hinges, and other Matters, brought 
 from the Ruins of Herculaneum. 
 
 More Brafs Axes, Heads of Spears, 
 Wedges, &c. for an Account of which 
 the Reader is referred to Page 48. and 
 fome Keys, Bracelets, &c. 
 
 Here we find fome Articles of which 
 the original Ufe is not yet with any De- 
 gree of Precifion known by the Learned 
 of the prefen t Age. 
 
 When we attentively view the Matrices 
 wherewith the Romans ftamped their 
 earthen Ware, Tiles, &c. (of which there 
 are fome Specimens herepreferved) itfeems 
 a Matter of great Surprize that human 
 
 Invention 
 
[ 64 ] 
 
 Invention ftiould in thefe early Times 
 have gone fo far towards difcovering the 
 Art of Printing, and that it fhould yet fail 
 of being compleated till many Ages after- 
 wards. 
 
 Letheullier. Dono Dedit. 
 
 We find here preferved fome Egyptian 
 Idols of a fmaller Size than thofe already 
 defcribed in a former Part of thefe Sheets •, 
 among them is a Figure of Harpocrates , 
 adorned with all the Symbols he is ever 
 reprefented with. The others it is unfie- 
 cefiary to particular ze, as I have faid fo 
 much on the Subjeft, Page 19. 
 
 In this Room, over the Repofitories, 
 are a great Variety of modern (and fome 
 curious ancient) Articles, brought from 
 the feveral diftant Parts of the World. I 
 lhall only take notice of a large Calabafh 
 (a Kind of American Vegetable) in the 
 v Form of a Globe. 
 
 Some Indian Shields made of Hides of 
 the Rhinoceros, or Elephant i they differ 
 
 in 
 
[ 6 5 J 
 
 in Size, feveral of them being large, 
 others of fmaller Dimenfions. 
 
 Many Specimens of Hats of all Sizes, 
 and various Materials *, among them are 
 fuch as the Bramins and Mandarins wear, 
 in the Eaftern Countries, and China. 
 
 Fans from Japan , China , ’Tonqiiin, and 
 other Places j their Shape, Fafhion, and 
 Materials differ, but one of them is of a 
 remarkable large Size, and made of the 
 fingle Leaf of a Taliput Tree, being ufed 
 for cooling a Room. 
 
 Here are fome Drums larger than thofe 
 mentioned Page 57. Targets, and a great 
 Number of Inftruments of War, both 
 ancient and Indian •, a Battle-ax, and fome 
 Spears, Pikes, Swords, Daggers of va- 
 rious Forms, and Bows and Arrows, 
 Qyivers, &c. 
 
 I fhall conclude what I have to fay of 
 this Room, by juft mentioning a Variety 
 of American Houfhold 'Utenfils, made of 
 Vegetables, chiefly Gourds - y and fome 
 
 Snow 
 
[ 66 ] 
 
 Snow Shoes and Sledges ufed in the 
 Northern Nations of Europe. 
 
 COLLECTIO SLOANIANA. 
 
 The next Room on which I fhall at- 
 tempt to make my curfory Remarks, con- 
 tains a Colle&ion of Minerals and Fofiils. 
 
 Silices. Achates. Sardi. 
 
 In the Cabinet under thefe Titles are 
 many Specimens of Flints, Agates, and 
 Cornelians. 
 
 At the Top are fome large Pieces of 
 Cryftal brought from the Hartz Foreft in 
 Germany , and other Mines. 
 
 Flints in their natural State are a Kind 
 of femitranfparent Stone, found in almoft 
 all Parts of the World ; they ftrike Fire 
 with Steel, and by intenfe Heat are melted 
 into Glafs : Such of them as are capable 
 of receiving a fine Polilli, and are varie- 
 gated in Colour, (which Variety thefe as 
 well as all other Stones are fuppofed to re- 
 ceive from the influence of fome neigh- 
 bouring 
 
L 67 ] 
 
 bouring Mine) are ranked among the 
 lower prized Gems. 
 
 Agates are cut and poliihed Stones of 
 the fined: Kind of Flints, generally found 
 in the Eaftern and warmer Climates *, they 
 vary much in Colour, and were called 
 Achates from a River in Sicily of that 
 Name, on the Banks of which they were, 
 as it is fuppofed firft found. 
 
 A particular Kind of Agates, that have 
 by Nature delineated on them lively Re- 
 prefentations of Modes, Shrubs, Trees, 
 Landfcapes, or other Figures, are com- 
 monly called Mocoes , and deemed of more 
 Value than the others. 
 
 Cornelians are another Species of Flint, 
 for the moft part of a pale red or yellow- 
 ilh Colour. This kind of Stone is but 
 little tranfparent, yet takes a fine Polilli ; 
 it was formerly very much ufed for mak- 
 ing Cups, Boxes, and often for 
 
 Thumb Rings, being then finely cut and 
 polifhed : it is now in great Efteem for 
 engraving, Seals, &c. It is faid thefe 
 
 Stones 
 
[ 68 ] 
 
 Stones were called Sardi from their having 
 been firft applied to Ufe in the Ifland of 
 Sardinia. 
 
 I a s p i d e s. 
 
 Jafper is another of the lower prized 
 precious Stones ; it is chiefly opake, but 
 
 
 fometimes in part tranfparent. It is fofter 
 than Agate, but harder than Marble; 
 ftrikes Fire with Steel, and yields to Cal- 
 cination. Thefe are its general Qualities. 
 There are feveral Species of this Stone, 
 of which I lhall only mention a few of the 
 moft valuable. 
 
 Heliotr opium , the Bloodftone is green 
 fpotted with red ; it has been fuppofed to 
 have a particular inherent Virtue, viz. 
 that of immediately Hopping Bleedings at 
 the Nofe, or elfewhere. Here are fome 
 fine Specimens of this Stone to be feen. 
 
 Ophites , the Serpentine Marble, a 
 Name given by the Ancients to fuch of 
 the Marbles as had their variegations not 
 in form of Veins, but in Spots fo as in 
 
 fome 
 
 
 
[ 6 9 ] 
 
 fome Meafure to refemble a Serpent’s Skin; 
 they knew three Kinds, the black, the 
 white, and the grey, we know befides 
 thefe two others, a greyifh brown one with 
 green Spots, and a pale grey one with 
 green Spots and Veins. 
 
 The Nephritic Stone is of a greenilli 
 Colour bordering on the Olive, but fome- 
 times variegated with white, black, or 
 yellow, it has never any red in it, and is 
 harder than moft other Jafpers ; a Cup 
 made of this Stone, was Sold for 1600 
 Crowns in the Time of the Emperor Ru- 
 dolphus II. This kind of Jafper is in 
 great efteem among the Turks, who ap- 
 ply it to feveral curious Ufes, particularly 
 they make of it Handles for their Sabres, 
 Knives, Daggers, &c. 
 
 A plate of this Stone was formerly 
 thought to be an immediate Cure for the 
 Nephritic Colic, on being applied to the 
 Reins ; and it was alfo imagined that 
 wearing it would preferve the Party from 
 the Attack of that Diftemper. 
 
 Wc 
 
[ 7 ° ] 
 
 We find here many Sorts of florid Jaf- 
 pers, diftinguifhed by a great Variety of 
 Colours *, fome have by the Hand of Na- 
 ture delineated on them Reprefentations 
 of Rivers, Trees, Landfcapes, Ruins of 
 Buildings, &V. 
 
 Egyptian Pebbles are a particular fine 
 Kind of variegated and figured Stones *, 
 fuch as have but one Colour are leaft va- 
 luable. 
 
 Marmora. Alabastra, 
 
 Under thefe Titles are preferred a great 
 Variety of Specimens of the feveral Kinds 
 of Marble and Alabafter. 
 
 Marble is a hard opake precious Stone, 
 does not ftrike Fire with Steel, yields ea- 
 fily to Calcination, and ferments with, 
 and is foluble in acid menftrua. It is ge- 
 nerally found in great Malles under the 
 Ground, and cut out of Quarries, though 
 there are in feveral Parts of the World en- 
 tire Mountains of Marble *, it differs in 
 Colour in almoft every Country, but the 
 
 Florence 
 
[ 7i ] 
 
 Florence Marble for the moft part bears a 
 natural Refemblance to the Ruins of 
 Towns, Rocks, &V. 
 
 Alabafter is of the fame Nature as Mar- 
 ble, but of one fimple Colour, more brit- 
 tle, fofter, and, when cut into thin Plates, 
 femi-tranfparent. 
 
 Spat a. Selenite s. 
 
 In this Repofitory are Spars and Moon- 
 ftones. The Spar is a Aiming Stone, 
 compofed of cryftaline and earthy Mat- 
 ter ; it does not ftrike Fire with Steel, but 
 yields a whitiAi Powder on Calcination. 
 When pure it is pellucid and colourlefs, 
 has the appearance of Cryftal but wants 
 its diftinguiftiing Characters ; it ferments 
 violently with acids, and is wholly folu- 
 ble in them. Spars are frequently found 
 in Caves, Grottos, Clefts of Rocks and 
 Mines j they Aioot like Salts in Spires and 
 other Figures, and abound in many Parts 
 of England. 
 
 Selenites 
 
t 7 2 1 
 
 Sdenites , (have been frequently called 
 Lapiaes Speculares ) the Moon-ftone is of a 
 brighter Colour than the Spar, and is ta- 
 bulated, or can be feperated into thin 
 Plates •, the Selenites do not ferment with 
 acids, but readily calcine in theFire; they 
 confift of feveral Species* and are found 
 in many Parts of the World, in England , 
 in the Clay-pits in Stafford/hire , and par- 
 ticularly many of them in a bluifh Clay 
 near- Harborough in Oxford/hire. It has 
 been faid that the Chinefe Moon-ftone fuf- 
 fers Increafe and Diminution in Sympathy 
 with the Increafe and Decreafe of the 
 Moon. 
 
 Gypfum is of this Kind, but lefs tran- 
 fparent, and more eafily calcined, yield- 
 ing a line white Powder, of which is 
 made Plaifter of Paris , a Commodity 
 well known. The Gypfum has fomething 
 the appearance of the fofter Marbles, 
 bright, glofly, and in a fmall Degree 
 tranfparent •, it does not give Fire with 
 Steel, nor ferments w r ith or is diftoluble 
 
 in 
 
L 73 ] 
 
 in an add Menftruum. It abounds in 
 DorfetJJiire y and ferae other Parts of Eng- 
 land. 
 
 Cr yst all a. 
 
 Cryftals are dear tranfparent colourlefs 
 Stones, generally found on high Moun- 
 tains. Rocks, and in Mines ; by a che- 
 mical Diflfolution they yield Chalk and 
 Salt. They are compofed of fimple not 
 filamentous Plates ; not flexile nor elaftic, 
 giving Fire with Steel: not fermenting 
 in acid Menftrua and calcining in a ftrong 
 Fire. The Perfedion of Cryftal confifls 
 in its Luftre, Tranfparency, and Hard- 
 nefs. It is applied to various Ufes, be- 
 ing often manufadured into Boxes, Cups, 
 and other Toys. Such as have Straws, 
 Duft, &c. eu doled in them, are nioft cu- 
 rious and rare, but 4eaft fit for Ufe. Na~ 
 turalifts deem the pureft Gryftal to be the 
 original Matter of all the precious Stones 
 ot the higher Clafles, tvhich being in 3 
 certain Degree influenced by different mi- 
 
 E nera! 
 
[ 74 ] 
 
 neral and metalline Qualities, thence af- 
 fume their Variety of Colour and Hard- 
 nefs, and are called by their feveral dif- 
 tinft Names, as will be Ihewn when we 
 come to the precious Stones of Value. 
 
 Apyri. Sulphura. 
 
 We find in this Repofitory many Spe- 
 cimens of Stones that refill: Fire, and of 
 the different Kinds of Sulphurs, or in- 
 flammable Minerals. 
 
 Apyri are opake rough Stones, fo called 
 from their refilling an intenfe Heat, and 
 yielding neither Smoke nor Sparkles in 
 the Fire. I fhall mention fome of the 
 Kinds : and firll 
 
 Lapis Ollaris. This is a foft Stone, and 
 may be cut or turned into Vefiels of dif- 
 ferent Forms. 
 
 Mica , the Glimmer, is a brittle Stone, 
 on which, when broke, are to be feen 
 fmall white polilhed Lamina, as in Talc. 
 The Mica Aurea, the gold glimmer, is fre- 
 quently found in Arabia , Egypt, and 
 
 other 
 
[ 75 ] 
 
 other Eaftern Parts of the World ; the 
 Mica Argentea , the filver glimmer, in Silejia 
 and Bohemia , and both of them fome- 
 times in England. The Spangles, with 
 which the Mica abounds, have often led 
 People to imagine they had found fome 
 Gold or Silver Ore, but in truth it con- 
 tains neither of thofe metals, being only 
 a kind of Talc accidentally coloured. 
 
 Talc is, a fhining Stone, eafily feperated 
 into thin tranfparent Scales or Leaves, is 
 flexile and elaftic, does not give Fire with 
 Steel, nor ferments with acid menftrua. 
 What we call Ifinglafs, is a kind of Talc; 
 it is diftinguifhed from the Plates of the 
 Selenites by its Elafticity, The Romans 
 ufed it in their Windows *, and it now 
 often ferves to cover miniature Paintings, 
 iu Water-Colours, or Crayons. The Oil 
 of Talc has made a great noife among the 
 Alchymifts, on account of the Power it 
 was faid to have, of fixing Silver fo as to 
 make it of equal Value with Gold, but no 
 fuch Oil was ever known to be extracted, 
 E 2 that 
 
[ ] 
 
 that which has been called fuch, being a 
 mere Impofition. 
 
 Amianthus. This is of the Clafs of the 
 Fibrarice ; it is an opake brownifh Stone, 
 compofed of fhort and abrupt Filaments, 
 flexile and elaftic, and eafily Separable into 
 Plates, or other irregular Pieces. There 
 are feveral Kinds of it * and it is chiefly 
 found in Germany , France , and Egypt, 
 and one Kind often in Tcrkjhire. Thefe 
 kind of Stones have been often confound- 
 ed with the feveral fpecies of the Albef- 
 tos, in confequence of which, we have 
 loft the Art of fpinning and working the 
 Afbeftos into incombuftable Cloth. 
 
 Ajhejlos , the Cotton -ftone, is naturally 
 of a white or Silver Colour, and confifts 
 of fmall Fibres, of which may be made 
 fine Threads, brittle, yet fomewhat trac- 
 table ; its Fibres are flexile and elaftic, 
 and compofed of Angle and continuous 
 Filaments, therein differing from the 
 Amianthus, the Filaments of which are 
 ftiQI't and abrupt : The Ancients had a 
 
 Method 
 
t 77 J 
 
 Method of manufacturing it into Cloth 
 or Paper, which would for a confide rable 
 Time remain unconfumed in a common 
 Fire : it is found either enclofed in other 
 Stones, or on the Surfaces of them. It 
 has been fuppofed that this Kind of Cloth 
 was made Ufe of among the Romans at 
 their Funerals, to preferve the Alhes of 
 the Deceafed unmixed, in order to their 
 being depofited in the Urn. On fome 
 late Experiments made, a Napkin of this 
 Cloth has been found to fuffer a very fen- 
 fible Diminution of its Weight every 
 Time it was put into the Fire. DoCtor 
 Hill with Reafon thinks that a Stone of 
 this Kind, which he defcribes as white, 
 loofe and thready, with broad Filaments, 
 never forming themfelves into Mafles, but 
 always remaining loole, might be manu- 
 factured into Cloth of the Kind above- 
 mentioned. It is found near the Surface 
 of the Earth in many parts of Scotland. 
 
 Under the Title Sulphur a are compre- 
 hended all the inflammable Minerals. 
 
 E 3 Ambers 
 
[ 78 ] 
 
 Ambers of various Kinds : This is a 
 yellow Subftance, more or lefs tranfparent, 
 of a gummous Confidence, a refinous 
 Tafte, and a Smell like Turpentine; 
 when rubbed fo as to be warm, it attracts 
 light Bodies, as Straws, Cfr. and yields a 
 Kind of Light in the Dark : it ferves for 
 many Ufes, being often manufactured 
 into Heads of Canes, Toys, Cups, &V. 
 It is found in the greateft Plenty on the 
 Baltick Sea, along the Coafts of Prujfia^ 
 and fome other Parts of Europe. Diffe- 
 rent Subftances are often found enclofed 
 in the Maffes of Amber, but more par- 
 ticularly Infects ; which proves that it was 
 once in a fluid State, but afterwards har- 
 dened by the Operation of the Air, 
 on it ; the Specimens of Amber, that 
 have any Thing enclofed in them being 
 valuable, has occafioned its being often 
 imitated by Artifts, but the Fraud is eafily 
 difcovered on a proper InfpeClion. 
 
 Bitumens, Jets, and Coals, (fmooth 
 pitchy black Stones) muft here be no- 
 ticed : 
 
[ 79 ] 
 
 ticed : and the Afphaltus, or Jews Pitch. 
 Jet has a Grain like Wood, is very light, 
 moderately hard, not fufible, but readily 
 inflammable, aud burning a long Time 
 with a greenifh white Flame. It is found 
 in detached Mafles. Cannel Coal is found 
 in Strata , is not lefs hard than many 
 Stones, is inflammable, yet flames but a 
 little while ; in all thefe particulars differ- 
 ing from Jet, with which it has often 
 been confounded. 
 
 Sulphurs, or Brimflones, an undlious 
 Subftance, of various Colours, according 
 to its Purity •, when moil fo, it is eafily 
 inflammable and fufible in Fire, and cafts 
 a ftrong fuffocating Smell ; it is dry, folid, 
 and friable, is indued with an eleftric 
 Power, and does not diffolve in acids : It 
 is very frequently mixed with Arfenic •, 
 and fometimes with metalline Particles, 
 when it is called Matcafite and Pyrites. 
 The Pyrites Aureus is frequently met with 
 in great plenty near Banbury in Oxford - 
 (hire •, but a finer Sort is found at Cleydon 
 E 4 a 
 
[ 8.o 1 
 
 a Village hard by. Thefe were formerly 
 ufed inftead of Flints for Carbines and 
 Piftols; The Pyri ies Argenteus , or Silver 
 Marcafite, was met with in great Plenty 
 on digging, a Well at Dodington in Oxford- 
 /hire and fometimes it is taken out of 
 the Belemnites found in that Neighbour- 
 hood. A particular Sort of Marcafite, 
 called by the Inhabitants of thole Parts 
 Crow Iron, (within of a golden, but with- 
 out of a darkilh rully Colour) is very 
 frequently feen at Aft on Rowant in Oxford - 
 /hire , and another Kind at Henley upon 
 Thames. The Pyrites is alfo often found 
 in Staffordjhire. 
 
 Mine r alia. Metallica. 
 
 In this Repofitory is to be feen a large 
 Collection of Ores, from almoft all the 
 knov/n Mines in the World. I fhall not 
 detain my Reader long on this Subject, 
 but refer him for farther Satisfaction, to 
 the Specimens here preferved. 
 
 Thofe 
 
[ Si ] 
 
 Thofe on the upper Shelves on the 
 Left-hand, confift of Lead Ore j the next 
 under them are the Silver and Gold Ores, 
 and the Bottom Shelves contain Tin Ores. 
 
 On the Shelves on the Right-hand are 
 firft the Iron, then the Copper Ores, where 
 the Azure Stone, or Lapis Lazuli , and the 
 T urcois , are very rare Specimens, and are to 
 be ranked among the precious Stones. 
 
 The next Shelf contains Quickfilver 
 and Cinnabar Ores. The others are An- 
 timony, Bifmuth, Cobalt, and Calamine, 
 ( Lapis Calaminariis ) called Semimetals ; for 
 thefe yield a very fmall Regulus, or liquid 
 Metal, which, though it can be melted 
 again, is not by irielf duCtile, or fo far 
 malleable as to be of any Ufe to Manu- 
 facture. Antimony is never found native 
 in its perfect State, being always mixed 
 with Sulphur and other extraneous Mat- 
 ter j when feparated from its Ore it is 
 eafily fufible, and greatly promotes the 
 Fufion of other Fofiils : It is of great Ufe 
 in Medicine, Chemiftry, and Mechanics, 
 E 5 and 
 
[ 82 ] 
 
 and is an Ingredient in Pewter, Bell Metal, 
 and the mixt Metal of which Printing 
 Types are made. Bifmuth is hard, and 
 lefs friable than Antimony •, it is very 
 rarely found native, more commonly in 
 the State of Ore, occafioned by a large 
 Mixture of Sulphur and Arfenic. Pro- 
 perly prepared it enters into the Compo- 
 fition of Bell Metal, and the Metal of 
 which Printing Types are made, like An- 
 timony, it renders other Metals more 
 eafily fufible. It is found in Germany , 
 and in many Parts of England. Cobalt is 
 a compaft heavy Mineral, has a fhining 
 Appearance, and much refembles fome of 
 the Antimonial Ores : It is found in dif- 
 ferent Forms and Colours, owing to va- 
 rious Accidents *, from Cobalt is produced 
 Zaffer and Smalt*, the Mendip Hills in 
 England afford it, but it is not fo rich as 
 the German and Bohemian. 
 
 The Lapis Calaminaris is a Ipungy Sub- 
 ftance, of a lax and cavernous Structure, 
 yet confiderably heavy *, when pure, it is 
 
 of 
 
[ »3 ] 
 
 of a pale browniflh grey Colour, but from 
 its lax Strudture fubjedt to extraneous 
 Mixtures. Dr. Lawfon was the firft who 
 afferted from a Courfe of Experiments, 
 that Calamine was the Ore of Zink, which 
 is known in England by the Name of 
 Spelter : Zink is very frequently brought 
 us from the Eajl Indies , under the Name 
 of Tutenag it melts in a very fmall Fire ; 
 both Calamine and Zink turn Copper into 
 Brafs. Calamine is found in great Plenty 
 in England , particularly in Somerfetfhire. 
 
 In one of the Tables near the Windows 
 on the Right-hand, are a great Number 
 and Variety of Agates , Onyxes , and Sardo- 
 nyxes, rough and polifhed ; fome of them 
 are fmall like Seeds, which in the Beds 
 where they are found, meeting with pro- 
 per Particles, by a natural Coalition, and 
 affifted by the Heat of the Sun in warmer 
 Climates, encreafe in Bulk. The Agate 
 is a femi-pellucid Gem, variegated with 
 Veins and Clouds, but without Zones*, 
 the feveral Kinds are of different Colours. 
 
 E 6 The 
 
[ 84 1 
 
 The Eaji India Agates are much finer than 
 thofe of Bohemia , America , or any other 
 Part of the "World. Among the moft 
 curious of the Specimens in this Place, 
 are two Pendants , fet in Form of a 
 Heart, each having by Nature delineated 
 on it a tolerable Reprefentation of an 
 Eclipfe, one of the Sun, the other of the 
 Moon : Their Drops are Onyxes. 
 
 The Onyx is a iemi-tranfparent Stone of 
 the Agate Kind, (often imitated by the 
 Lapidaries with Agate) it has various co- 
 loured Zones, but none red j and is com- 
 pofed either of a Number of flat Plates, or 
 of a Series of Coats round a central Nu- 
 cleus : The Lapidaries fhew their Inge- 
 nuity in contriving to cut them in fiich 
 a Manner, as to have Figures or Hiftories 
 on them in Baflo Relievo, with the Ground 
 of a different Colour : Thefe Pieces of 
 Sculpture are called Cameos. The Onyx is 
 found in feveral Parts of the EaJl Indies , 
 in Mexico ■> Italy , Bohemia , and many Places 
 
 in 
 
[ S 5 ] 
 
 in Germany : It is formed of Cryftal, de- 
 bafed with a fmall Admixture of Earth. 
 
 The Sardonyx is of the Onyx Kind, and 
 is either zoned or tabulated j it is com- 
 pofed of the true Matter of the Onyx, but 
 variegated with Zones or Plates of that of 
 the red or yellow Cornelian, whence its 
 Name : It is by the Lapidaries divided 
 into feveral diftindt Species, and generally 
 found in fuch Parts of the World as pro- 
 duce the Onyx, particularly the warmer 
 and Eaftern Climates. 
 
 In this Table we find alfo many Speci- 
 mens of the different Kinds of Jafper r 
 of which fome Account has been given. 
 Page 68. 
 
 And here is a rough Egyptian Pebble* 
 broke into two Parts •, on each Piece is 
 a perfect Refemblance of the Head of 
 Chaucer , as he is ufually painted : This is 
 entirely the Work of Nature, not having 
 been at all afiifted by Art. 
 
 Some Pieces of Lapis Lazuli , or Azure 
 Stone , by the Ancients called Cyaneus and 
 
 Cceru- 
 
[ 86 ] 
 
 Cceruleum. It is of a blue Colour, veined 
 and fpotted with white and yellow, not 
 difficult to imitate by Art ; but the ge- 
 nuine good Stone ffiould refill; Fire and 
 Smoke, and come forth with new Luftre; 
 of this is made Ultramarine. It is found 
 in Mines of Gold, Silver, and Copper, and 
 more frequently in Pits of Marble, which 
 laft is the Kind generally ufed. 
 
 We next come to a great Number of 
 Specimens of precious Stones of all Kinds, 
 opake and tranfparent, rough and polilhed, 
 fome loofe, others fet, I fliall give my 
 Reader a few Remarks on the Nature of 
 fome of them •, and begin with the 
 
 Opal, fuppofed to be the Pyropus of 
 Ovid •, this is the foftefi: of all Gems, ge- 
 nerally from the Size of a fmall Pea to a 
 Horfe-bean, but fometimes larger than 
 the Bean, and often fmaller than the Pea : 
 Its Colour is whitilh, or rather that of the 
 fineft Mother of Pearl, but fo tranfparent 
 that one may fee deep into the Stone : It 
 is not eafy by Defcription to give an Idea 
 
 of 
 
[ 8 7 ] 
 
 of it-, for, as it is turned about, it fhews 
 almoft all Colours, as yellow, red, blue, 
 green, purple, and a milky grey. It is 
 produced in Egypt, in Arabia, feveral Parts 
 of the Eaji Indies, and fome times in Europe : 
 The Oriental are the fineft but the Bo- 
 hemian, neverthelefs, very beautiful. It is 
 often found among the Earth of Moun- 
 tains, on the Banks of Rivers, and bedded 
 in Jafper. 
 
 Oculus Cati, the Cals Eye, by fome called 
 AJieria, is of the Nature of an Opal, but 
 harder, and {hews only two Colours, brown 
 and white j the brown feeming to be the 
 Ground, and the white playing about it 
 in the fame Manner the Fire Colour does 
 in the Opal. This Stone takes a fine Po- 
 lifh, but is ufually worn in its natural 
 State : Its Form is for the moft Part that 
 of the half of a fmall bife&ed Globe, be- 
 ing flattifh on one Side, round on the 
 other. It is found in the Eaji and Weft 
 Indies, and fometimes in Europe. 
 
 T urcois , 
 
[ 88 ] 
 
 Turcois. This was long thought to be 
 a natural Gem ; but it has fince been dis- 
 covered to be only in reality the Bone of 
 an Animal, by Accident fallen into a Cop- 
 per Mine, whence it derives its ftony and 
 mineral Qualities : It has not that fine 
 blue Colour when firft found, requiring 
 fome Art to bring it to Perfe&ion, and 
 when done it does not for any Length of 
 Time continue, but becomes# gradually 
 green ; which is the Reafon of its not 
 being fo valuable as it would otherwife 
 be : Whilft it holds its Colour it is indeed 
 mod beautiful. 
 
 Oculus Mundi is of a pale and uniform 
 Colour, a whitilh grey, no ways varied ; 
 it is almoft entirely opake, and does not 
 take a good Polilh : When put into Wa- 
 ter for a fmall Space of Time, it becomes 
 confiderably tranfparent, and takes the 
 Colour of the yellow Cornelian, or rather 
 Amber, that is, a very fine bright pale 
 yellow *, but it retains this Beauty only 
 whilft in the Water, taking, when dry, 
 
 its 
 
its natural Appearance. This furprizing 
 Stone is not yet known to be produced 
 in any Country but China , though our 
 own Country has afforded Stones that, in 
 lome Degree, emulate its Qualities. 
 
 We now proceed to make a few Re- 
 marks, or Obfervations, on the Nature 
 of the tranfparent Gems. Thefe are not 
 improbably fuppofed to take their feveral 
 Tinges, or Colours, from the predomi- 
 nant Influence of fome neighbouring 
 Mine, communicated in the fame Man- 
 ner, that beautiful blue is to the Turcois 
 in a Copper Mine* Thefe Gems are by 
 the Naturalifts, according to their Quali- 
 ties and Hardnefs, difpofed in the fol- 
 lowing Order. 
 
 Aqua Marina , Aque Marine. This is, 
 in all Probability, the Beryl of the An- 
 cients ; it took its modern Name from 
 its Colour, (a fine Sea green, inclined to 
 bluifti, refembling Sea Water) which it 
 receives from the Influence of Copper 
 and Iron Ore. It is found in various 
 
 Shapes 
 
L 9° ] 
 
 Shapes and Sizes, generally about the 
 Size of a Horfe-bean ; it bears a natural 
 Polilh when found, and has the Sea green 
 Colour in all Degrees, from the deepeft 
 to the palefl, without the Intermixture 
 of any other Colour. When this Stone 
 is in Perfection, it approaches to the 
 Hardnefs of a Grenate, or Garnet, but 
 is often much fofter : a very fmall De- 
 gree of Heat deprives it of its Colour. 
 It is found in the Eaji Indies , particularly 
 the Ifland of Ceylon , and fometimes in 
 Europe , as in Silejia , &c. Xhofe from 
 the warmer Eaftern Climates are much 
 the hardeft and fineft. 
 
 Hyacinth , or Jacinth , is of a pale Ver- 
 milion Colour, or red, with a fmall 
 Admixture of yellow, ufually called a 
 Flame Colour, which Appearance it 
 probably receives from Lead and Iron. 
 It is found of various Degrees of Palenefs 
 or Deepnefs ; fometimes the yellow is 
 greatly predominant-, its Form is that of 
 an oblong roundifh Pebble, flatted on one 
 
 Side. 
 
[ 9 1 ] 
 
 Side. This Stone is not near fo hard as 
 the Ruby or Sapphire, but much more 
 fo than any Sort of Cryftal : It takes a 
 fine Polifh *, and is brought us in the 
 greateft Perfection from the Eajl Indies : 
 It is alfo found in the W Indies , and in 
 fome Parts of Europe , as Silefia and Bohe- 
 mia \ thofe from the Eajl are by much 
 the hardeft, as in general all the Gems 
 that come from thence are. 
 
 Granate , or Garnet , as it is generally 
 called, is a very beautiful Gem ; the Co- 
 lour is a fine bright full red, with a fmall 
 Tinge of blue : the Influence of Gold, 
 or Iron and Tin Ores may poflibly be 
 the Caufe of its beautiful Appearance. 
 It is never found in angular Columns, 
 like Cryftal, as many Gems are, but al- 
 ways in Form of an oblong irregular 
 Pebble : It is not fo fubjeCt to Faults and 
 Blemilhes as the Ruby, and when pure 
 and well coloured, it is little inferior to it 
 in Beauty. This Stone is of a middle 
 Degree of Hardnefs between the Sapphire 
 
 and 
 
t 92 ] 
 
 and common Cryfla! : The Ladies are 
 v\ r ell acquainted with it, having f of iate 
 been much worn by them in a Variety of 
 Ornaments, as Bracelets, Caps, Egrettes, 
 It is brought from the Eaft Indies , 
 where molt of the fined of our Gems are 
 produced, yet often found in Italy, Hun- 
 gary, and Bohemia, 
 
 Amethyjl is always of a purple Colour, 
 but of many Shades, having fometimes a 
 bluer, at others a redder Cad, and reach- 
 ing from very near a Rofe Colour to a 
 Violet, according as it has been influen- 
 ced by Gold, or Iron and Tin Ores. It 
 23 found in the Eaft and JVeft Indies , and 
 in feveral Parts of Europe. Thofe of the 
 Pebble Kind are moft valuable, by being 
 hardeft, and having, when polifhed, the 
 fined Lufire 5 but it is mod frequently 
 met with in the angular Figure of Cryf- 
 tal. In the fined Specimens, it is of 
 «qual Value and Hardnefs with the Ru- 
 by j but this is not common. When 
 deprived of its Colour by Fire, it wants 
 
 nothing 
 
C 93 ] 
 
 nothing but Hardnefs to make it a per- 
 fect Imitation of the Diamond, fo beau- 
 tiful is its Luftre. 
 
 Topaz. This is the Chryfolite of the 
 Ancients it is always of a pure yellow, 
 or fineft Gold Colour, but of different 
 Shades or Degrees, from the deepeft 
 Saffron down to the paleft Amber, or 
 Straw Colour. Lead is fuppofed to in* 
 fluence it in this refpe< 5 t. The mofl va* 
 luable is equal in Hardnefs to the Ruby 
 or Sapphire : They are feldom found very 
 large *, but the Great Mogul has one that 
 weighs near 160 Carats, which is of very 
 great v^alue. The true Topaz is always 
 met with in a Pebble-like Form ; it has, 
 when poliihed, a glorious yellow Colour. 
 Cryftal, tinged with yellow, is often fub- 
 ftituted inftead of it by the modern Jew- 
 ellers, but the Wheel difcovers the Dif- 
 ference ; for the very worft Topaz is 
 much harder than Cryftal. They are 
 found in the Eajl and Weft Indies , and 
 fometimes in Europe. 
 
 Emerald 
 
[ 94 ] 
 
 . Emerald is of a fine green Colour, (of 
 all the different Shades from the deepeft 
 to the paleft) occafioned by fome neigh- 
 bouring Iron and Copper Mines. This 
 Stone lofes its Colour in Fire, and is then 
 undiftinguifhable from a white Sapphire. 
 The genuine oriental Emerald is a very 
 hard and moft beautiful Gem, but few 
 of them have of late been brought to 
 Europe , that which the Jewellers call ori- 
 ental, being the Produce of America ; 
 and what is ufually fold under the Name 
 of occidental Emerald is nothing but 
 tinged Cryftal. The Emerald is fome- 
 times found in a Pebble-like Form, but 
 more frequently in a columnar or angu- 
 lar one, like Cryftal. The oriental Eme- 
 rald is of the Hardnefs of the Sapphire, 
 or Ruby, and fecond only to the Dia- 
 mond in Luftre and Value. The Ame- 
 rican is of the Hardnefs of the Garnet, 
 and the European fofter than that, but 
 much harder than Cryftal. The Pebble 
 Emeralds are found loofe in the Earth, 
 
 often 
 
[ 95 ] 
 
 often on the Banks of Rivers, the co- 
 lumnar adhering to a white opake cryf- 
 talline Matter. The moft beautiful and 
 valuable are brought from the Eajl In- 
 dies ; but they are alfo found in Peru, 
 and other Parts of South America , and 
 fometimes in Europe. 
 
 Sapphire is a moft beautiful Gem of a 
 fine blue Colour, of all Shades from the 
 deepeft to a pale Iky blue : It owe : s its 
 Colour to Copper, and may by Fire be 
 made to have a near Refemblance to the 
 Diamond. The fineft, which come to 
 us from the Eajl Indies , are equal in 
 Hardnefs to the Ruby j they are now 
 and then found in Europe , but not very 
 frequently or very good. The beft and 
 hardeft are of a Pebble-like Form ; they 
 are fometimes found in the Cryftal Form. 
 The white Sapphir, as the Jewellers call 
 it, is very little inferior to the Diamond 
 in Value. 
 
 Ruly is of a very fine red Colour, with 
 a finall Admixture of purple, which in- 
 
 creafes 
 
[ 95 ] 
 
 creafes its Beauty : its Colour it receives 
 from Gold and Tin. In the larger Spe- 
 cimens it is often fpotted, or otherwife 
 blemifhed, which greatly reduces its Va- 
 lue. It bears fo good a Polifh in its na- 
 tural State, that it is often worn as it is 
 found. Its Colour is from the deepeft 
 to the paleft red, but always tinged, 
 more or lefs, with purple. This Stone is 
 only found genuine in the Eafi Indies , and 
 is always (before it is polilhed) of a Peb- 
 ble-like Form : When in a perfect State, 
 it is of great Beauty and Value, inferior 
 to none but the Diamond. 
 
 The 'Diamond is colourlefs, the hardeft 
 and moft valuable of all precious Stones : 
 It is brought from the Eafi Indies , and 
 feme from Brazil , but not fo fine. 
 
 In the Table we are now treating of, 
 dre to be feen a great Variety of Pearls, 
 particularly one of a purple Colour, and 
 another in the Form of a Bunch of 
 Grapes •, both which are very rare and 
 valuable Specimens. 
 
 In 
 
L 97 ] 
 
 In, the Table near the Window, among 
 the Models of Diamonds, is that of Pitt's 
 Brilliant, which was fold to the King of 
 France for 120,000/. The prefent King 
 wears it on his Hat inftead of a Button ; 
 its Weight is 1364 Carats. 
 
 A Model of a fine Role Diamond, 
 weighing 1394 Carats, being 24 Carats 
 more than Pitt's Brilliant juft above men- 
 tioned ; but, not having fo fine a Luftre, 
 it is not lo valuable. This Diamond for- 
 merly belonged to Charles the Bold , the 
 laft Duke of Burgundy ; and when he was 
 killed, and his Army defeated in the 
 Battle of Nancy , it fell into the Hands 
 of a common Soldier, who by Accident 
 found it on the Field of Battle ; but, be- 
 ing ignorant of its Value, fold it for lefs 
 than a Crown. One of the Grand Di kes 
 of Fufcany afterwards, by Purchafe, be- 
 came poftefied of it, and it w r as preferved 
 in the Family of Medicis for a long Time, 
 but at length came into the Hands of the 
 F prefent 
 
E 98 ] 
 
 p relent Emperor of Germany , who carried 
 it to Vienna. 
 
 There are more Models of Diamonds in 
 this Table ; but as none of them are near 
 fo large as the two already mentioned, 
 it is not at ail material to be more par- 
 ticular on the Subject, or to inform the 
 Reader who are the refpedive PofieiTors 
 of them. 
 
 Among a great Variety of Cryftals 
 manufactured into Vafes, Cups, Boxes, 
 &c. are fome Beads of Cryfial , which are, 
 not without Probability, fuppoled to have 
 been worn by the ancient Druids in this 
 Hand, as Ornaments for their Perfons. 
 
 Some Cryjlal Balls , which are faid to be 
 ufed in cold Countries for warming the 
 Hands, and (after being fome Time kept 
 in a Cellar) for cooling them in hotter 
 Climates * but this is not certain, many 
 imagining they were defigned for other 
 Ufes. 
 
 Marcafites , bright glittering Stones, 
 with a Mixture of Sulphur, or Arfenic, 
 
 to 
 
[ 99 1 
 
 to which they owe their Luftre. Some 
 Account is given of them Page 79. The 
 Indians of South America give it the Rank 
 of a precious Stone, and wear it in Or- 
 naments about their Perfons. Here are 
 fome Drops and Rings made of it. 
 
 Some Pieces of Coral finely cut in va- 
 rious Shapes. 
 
 In this Table is a great deal of Amber 
 manufactured, particularly, a fine Cabinet , 
 a curious Crab , fome Bells, Beetles , 
 Handles for Inftruments, &c. and fome 
 Pieces of Amber, in the Subftance of 
 which InfeCis are inclofed. 
 
 We muft next take Notice of a Pefile, 
 Mortar, and Plate of Egyptian Porphiry : 
 It is to be remarked, that this is the 
 hardeft Stone of the opake Kind that 
 has yet been found. 
 
 I Ihall conclude my Obfervations on 
 the Contents of this Table, by inform- 
 ing the Reader, that there are a Variety 
 of Utenfils of Agat, Jafper , &c. fuch as 
 Spoons, Necklaces, Pendants, Rings, 
 F 2 Boxes, 
 
[ 100 ] 
 
 Boxes, Buttons, &c. Thefe Matters are 
 in very great Efteem and Ufe among the 
 Turks, Arabians , Greeks , Perjians , Or- 
 cadians, and others, Inhabitants of the 
 Eaftern Parts of the World. 
 
 We find nothing more to mention in 
 this Room, except the Collection of Guf- 
 tavus Brander , Efq-, (one of the Truftees 
 of the Britijh Mufeum) which he has ge- 
 neroufly given to the Public. It is very 
 curious, but confifts chiefly of fuch Spe- 
 cimens as are likewife to be leen in the 
 Sloanian Colle&ion : 1 {hall, therefore, not 
 enlarge much on the Particulars. 
 
 In the Cabinet between the Windows 
 are a great Variety of Incruftations and 
 Petrifactions, as Shells, Corals, and other 
 Things : In the Petrifactions the original 
 Subftance is entirely changed to a Stone ; 
 in the others it is only completely co- 
 vered with a {tony Matter, the Subftance 
 {till retaining its priftine Qualities. 
 There are many Springs in England and 
 elfewhere, which incruftate whatever is 
 
 left 
 
[ '01 ] 
 
 left in them, for any length of Time, 
 with a Stony Surface •, and others have a 
 Power of making an entire Change in the 
 Subftance of Wood, &V. giving it all the 
 Properties of Stone. In fome Places the 
 Earth effects the fame Thing on what- 
 ever is buried in it. 
 
 In the two large Tables are a very 
 curious Collection of foffil Shells, figured 
 Foffils, natural and fimple Foffils, and 
 particularly of Minerals : I fhall not take 
 up much of the Reader’s Time in mak- 
 ing any long Remarks on thefe Articles. 
 With refpect to the figured Foffils and 
 foffil Shells, I fhall treat of them more at 
 large, when I come to that Part of the 
 Sloanian Collection, as the foffil Shells 
 may there be compared with fuch as are 
 recent : as to the Minerals and fimple 
 Foffils, they have already been noticed. 
 Page 80. 
 
 In the firfl Table I fhall begin with a 
 few Remarks on the foffil Shells and fi- 
 gured Foffils, with which it is filled.. 
 
 F 3 Anomi<e. 
 

 [ 102 j 
 
 AnomU. Thefe are a Kind of foil'll Shell,, 
 very frequently found in that State, but 
 feldora recent, and fcarcely ever perfect. 
 Theyrefemble a Cockle, but are beaked. 
 
 OJtracites , petrified Oy iters of different 
 Kinds. 
 
 P eftinites. Under this Title are va- 
 rious foflil Scollop Shells. 
 
 Ammonite Snake-ftones, frequently 
 found in England and elfewhere, in the 
 petrified State ; but the recent is not yet 
 known * fome fuppofe it to be the Nau- 
 tilus. 
 
 Nautiliti, Petrifactions refembling the 
 Nautilus. There is one very curious 
 Specimen in this Collection. Thefe Kind 
 of Petrifactions are frequently found in 
 the Mines in Derbyfhire . 
 
 Belemnitcs , commonly called Thunder- 
 bolts in the Parts of England where they 
 are found. 
 
 Echinites , Sea Hedgehogs, or Sea Eggs, 
 the Cavities of which are entirely filled 
 with Stone. 
 
 Echinorum 
 
[ i°3 1 
 
 Echinorum Radioli , the Spines of the 
 Sea Hedgehog petrified, generally found 
 near them in the Earth. 
 
 JJlerirt, Star-ftones, are of an angular 
 Figure, refembling a Star, having more 
 or lefs Points or Rays. 
 
 Coralloides , Some Specimens of fofiil 
 Coral. 
 
 Fojfilia Univah.a r fofiil Shells, confuting 
 of one Piece or Part. 
 
 Fojfilia Biualva , Oyflers, &c. where the 
 Fifh lodges in a Pair of Shells. 
 
 Conchites , fofiil Cockle Shells. 
 
 Cochlites , fofiil Shells of a fpiral Form., 
 as Snails, &c. 
 
 Fojfilia Multivalva , Shells where the 
 Fifh extends itfelf into many different 
 Cells. 
 
 Zooliihf Bones, either preferved in the 
 Stone, or petrified. 
 
 Ichthyolithi , Imprefiions of Fifh on 
 Stone, or petrified Parts of them. 
 
 Entomlitbi , a Variety of Specimens of 
 
 petrified Infe&s. 
 
 • F4 We 
 
[ I0 4 1 
 
 We muft now proceed to the other 
 Table, where we find, 
 
 Phytolithi , Figures of Leaves and other 
 Parts of Plants, very naturally reprefented 
 on Pebbles, and fome Pieces of petrified 
 Wood. 
 
 Conchy l . Gallica , a Collection of Shells 
 picked up on the South Coat of France v 
 they are of various Kinds. 
 
 Granolithic fome Specimens of figured 
 Marble Slates, &c . 
 
 Conchyl. Hanton. A Collection of fofiil 
 Shells found in Hampjhirec where they 
 abound on the Hills. 
 
 Stalactites Drop-ftones, formed by In- 
 cruftation, particularly in the Peak in 
 JDerhy/hire. 
 
 Gipfa , Several Specimens of the Gyp- 
 fum, a Kind of Stone of which is made 
 Plaifter of Paris. 
 
 Spata , Spars of various Kinds. 
 
 Cryjlallac Cryftals. 
 
 AJheJli. i Under thefe Titles are depo- 
 Apyri. Jfited the Afbefius or Cotton- 
 
 Stone* 
 
[ i°5 ] 
 
 Stone, of which was formerly made the 
 incombuftible Linen, and other Stones* 
 which can, without vifible Alteration, bear 
 an intenfe Heat. 
 
 Marmor. 
 
 Iafpid. 
 Achat. 
 Sal. 
 
 ] 
 
 Some Specimens of Marble, 
 Jafper, and Agate. 
 
 
 . Several Kinds of Salts and 
 Sulphur. iBrimftones, together with 
 
 Bitumen . ) Jet, Cannel Coal, and fome 
 Ambers. 
 
 Pyrit. Mundick or Marcafite. 
 
 Semimetalla. Antimony, Bifmuth, Co- 
 balt 
 
 Miner# Auri f/") Gold and Silver Ores. 
 
 Argenti. j Among them is one 
 
 Piece of pure Gold in a white Stone, or 
 Spar : the others are Silver mixed with, 
 Lead. 
 
 Min. Plumhi. Specimens of Lead Ore, 
 without Mixture of Silver. 
 
 Cupri. Copper Ores, and the Flores 
 Veneris. 
 
 F 5 
 
 Stannk 
 
[ 10 6 ] 
 
 Stanni. Tin Ores, with jfome Pieces of 
 Block Tin. 
 
 Feryi . Iron Ores, with the Flores Martis * 
 
 Brafs is made by mixing a certain 
 Quantity of the Lapis Calaminaris , or of 
 Zink , with Copper in the melting. 
 
 COLLECTIO SLOANIANA. 
 
 The Room we are now about to make 
 our Remarks on, contains a fine Collec- 
 tion of foflil Shells, figured Fofiils, recent 
 Shells, and fome other Articles. This is 
 not the leaf! Curious Part of the Mufe- 
 um ; and the recent Shells here preferred 
 particularly claim the Attention of the 
 Ladies ; Many of them are very fcarce 
 and valuable, others remarkably beautiful. 
 
 To proceed with fome Degree of Re- 
 gularity, I fhall firfi: take Notice of the 
 Contents of the Repofitories, or Cabinets, 
 round the Room, beginning with that on 
 which is infcribed 
 
 Stalactites. Thefe are a Kind of Stones 
 formed by Droppings of Water, which 
 
 being 
 
[ 107 1 
 
 being impregnated with certain Stony 
 Particles, by Degrees petrifies, and grows 
 to the Hardnefs of a Spar, and confifls 
 of feveral Coats. Under this Head are 
 comprehended all the various Kinds of 
 Incruftations, petrified Ificles, Peas-ftones, 
 and other Kinds of Spars," that do not 
 fhoot from the Subfiance of the Rock, 
 but infenfibly encreafe in Bulk, preferv- 
 ing always a fmooth and curious Surface. 
 They are, for the moft part, found in 
 fubterranean Caverns, in Grottos on the 
 Appenhie and Pyrenean Mountains, in T)er~ 
 lyjkin , and many other fuch like Places * 
 feme of them refemble Sugar Plumbs, 
 and are called Confetti di Tivoli. Thefe 
 laft are of the Kind of Spars called St a - 
 lagmodiaugia. The Stalactites take ma- 
 ny different Names, according to ..the 
 Colour and Degree of Purity they pofr 
 fefs. They are daily formed, which many 
 found under the Arches of JVeftminfter 
 Bridge, and in a Vault under the Terras 
 
 at JVindfor , fufficiently teftify. 
 
 F 6 We 
 
[ io8 ] 
 
 We muft here add the Ludus Helmontii y 
 or Waxen Veins, as they are often called. 
 This Stone confifts of feveral Pebbles 
 bedded in a Mafs of pure Earth, which 
 is grown to the Hardnefs of a Stone. It 
 is to be obferved, that the Matter which 
 forms the Bed, and by which the Peb- 
 bles are lo llrongly joined and cemented 
 together, is of a purer Nature than the 
 Pebbles themfelves are. This is not un- 
 frequently found in many Parts of Eng- 
 land, and is of confiderable Value. The 
 Matter by which thefe Pebbles are join- 
 ed, is uled in Medicine in Nephritic 
 Complaints. 
 
 Under this Title are depofited a hu- 
 man Skull and a Sword , both of which are 
 completely covered over and incrufted 
 with the fame ftony Subftance to a xonfi- 
 derable Thicknefs, yet without lofing 
 their Form. They were found in the 
 Tyher at Rome. 
 
 Elites , Eagle Stones. Pliny the Na- 
 turalift fays, that Eagles cannot hatch 
 
 their 
 
[ ‘°9 ] 
 
 their young without having one of tliefe 
 Stones in their Neft ; but it is to be 
 looked upon as a mere idle Fiction, the 
 Experience of many fucceeding Ages 
 being far from warranting the Affertion. 
 Thefe Stones are formed of two different 
 Subftances, the one much harder and 
 more compa<5t than the other ; the Nu- 
 cleus, which is of a fofter Matter than, 
 the Surface, fhrinks as it petrifies, thereby 
 leaving a Cavity between the harder Cir- 
 cumference and itfelf, and being of courfe 
 loofe, muft naturally rattle. 
 
 Under this Title are claffed all the 
 hollow Pebbles ; thofe which particularly 
 bear this Name have another enclofed in 
 the Cavity of them, which may be known 
 by their rattling. In others is very 
 plainly heard a Liquid, which, on open- 
 ing them, is only found to be foul Wa- 
 ter : this Kind is called Enhydros. When 
 they have an earthy Matter inclining to 
 the cryftalline in them, they take the 
 Name of Geodes j and when there are in 
 
 one 
 
[ >10 ] 
 
 one Stone two or three Cavities, they 
 have of late been fometimes called Li - 
 thotomi. They have had many other 
 Names, as Eutocium , Echites , Erodiahs, 
 Aquileius^ and Lapis pregnans. Great Vir- 
 tue has been by Women afcribed to the 
 Eagle-ftone, it being thought by many, 
 that, if it is worn above the Girdle, it 
 prevents Abortion ; if about the Knee, 
 it helps Delivery : but this Virtue is 
 ideal, and only a Conjecture formed from 
 its being pregnant, as it were, of another 
 Stone. Credulity and Superftition often 
 produce Fancies, which one is furprifed 
 to find People of Senfe and Reafon fome- 
 times give way to ; but fuch is the Frailty 
 of human Nature. 
 
 Helminth olithi. In this Clafs Linnaus 
 ranks all the foffil Shells. The Stones 
 under this Title are fuppofed to have 
 been originally a Kind of Coral, which, 
 by being buried in the Earth for fome 
 confiderable Space of Time, has at length 
 arrived to a State of Petrifadion j but 
 
 the 
 
[ 111 ] 
 
 the Name imports Earth Worm Stones, 
 upon a Suppofition, that thefe foflil Ho- 
 neycombs, and all the other Kinds of 
 Stones having regular fmall Cavities, 
 both round and ftellated, like the fubma- 
 rine Corals, might be formed by Earth 
 Worms, which working many Pafiages 
 through the Matter whereof the Stone 
 was afterwards formed, occafions thofe 
 Diverfifications in the Strudure of them. 
 But this is far from the T ruth •, for, was 
 it fo, all the Perforations would be round, 
 or at lead; approaching to a circular Fi- 
 gure •, whereas many of them are ftella- 
 ted j and there could not be that Regu- 
 larity in the Pofition of the Cavities, as is 
 to be obferved in thefe Stones, fince it is not 
 to be fuppofed, that Worms make their 
 Pafiages in the Earth at any fixed Di- 
 ftance one from the other. Thefe Kind 
 of Stones are generally found in the 
 Clay Pits both here and abroad. 
 
 Our next Attention is claimed by a 
 great Number of foflil Shells, which are 
 
 preferved 
 
[ 112 ] 
 
 preferved in this Room ; we muft make 
 a few Remarks on thofe contained under 
 each Title. 
 
 Shells, as Foflils, are divided into 
 three Clafies. 
 
 i ft, Thofe that are found in their na- 
 tural State, without the Addition of any 
 other Matter, or the Change of their 
 Subftance. 
 
 adly, Thofe that are petrified,, having 
 the Shell ftill preferved. 
 
 gdly, Stones in the Form of Shells, 
 but without any Remains of the Pattern 
 Shell, which occafioned their having that 
 Form. 
 
 The feveral Kinds of foftil Shells are 
 at leaft as numerous as thofe that are re- 
 cent, and are found in the Earth in moft 
 Countries of the World, and in many 
 Parts of England , particularly in the 
 Mines in Derby/hire , in the Rocks at Be- 
 resford in Staffordshire , at Alftonfield , in 
 the fame County, and in great Abun- 
 dance in Lincolnfhire and Glocejlerfhire , 
 
 befides 
 
[ IJ 3 1 
 
 befides many other Places. They are fup- 
 pofed to have been either left at the uni- 
 verfal Deluge, or elfe that the Sea, which 
 was formerly more extenlive than it is 
 now, left thofe Relidts behind it, on its 
 being confined to narrower Bounds. 
 
 The foflil Shells are ranked under the 
 following Titles. 
 
 Cochlites , Spiral or Snail Sheds of various 
 Kinds; fome of the Specimens have :.e 
 Shell entire, others are encrufted with a 
 ftony Subftance, or quite petrified ; and 
 among them are fome Cafls of Stone 
 formed in the Shell of a large Nautilus, 
 which has fince perifhed, no Remains be- 
 ing left. 
 
 Ammonite ^ Cornua Ammonis , the Horns 
 of Jupiter Ammon. They are generally 
 called Snake-ftones, and are found in moft 
 Parts of the Earth, but in England fineft, 
 and moft perfe£t. The Size of them is 
 various, from a Quarter of an Inch to 
 more than two Feet in Diameter, but 
 rarely fo large. It is a Matter of Sur- 
 prize* 
 
C XI 4 I 
 
 prize, that fo great a Number and Variety 
 of them Ihould be conftantly met with in 
 the Strata of the Earth, in Mines and 
 other fubterranean Places, when no fuch 
 Shells are to be found in their recent 
 State ; this cannot ealily be accounted 
 for, unlefs it be conjectured, that the 
 Fifh which occupies the recent Shell, is 
 an Inhabitant of the deepeft Parts of the 
 Ocean, arfi^that nothing lefs than the 
 Agitation occafioned by the univerfal De- 
 luge could remove it from its favourite 
 Concealment : If that be the Cafe, it is 
 no Wonder we find not this Shell in its 
 recent State. There is a final! white Shell 
 Filh of BarbadoeSy which feems truly a re- 
 cent Animal of this Genus j and in the 
 Eajl Indies there is another fmall and 
 greyilh, but the large and beautifully 
 marked ones are found only fofiile. The 
 Snake-Stone is found of almoft all Sizes 
 in great Plenty in feveral Parts of England , 
 particularly Torkfhtn. 
 
 OJlraciteSy 
 
[ ”5 3 
 
 Ojlracites , petrified Sea Shells of the 
 bivalve Kind, being plain and common 
 Oyfters of various Sizes ; fome are found 
 fingle, or only a Pair of Shells ; others in 
 Clutters, being a great Number of Shells 
 firmly united and cemented together. A 
 particular Kind of OJlracites> with longitu- 
 dinal Stria* are found in the Rocks at 
 Beresford in Staffardfhire. 
 
 Anomia. Concha Anornia , are a Sort of 
 bivalve Shell the Valves of which are of 
 unequal Extent, both of them convex, 
 and the Head or Beak of the longer Valve 
 crooked, and falling over the Head of the 
 other •, they are commonly called beaked 
 Cockles. No Name has been given to 
 the Fifh that inhabits it ; for the recent 
 Shells of this Kind are fo very rare that 
 there is fcarcely one to be found perfect. 
 They are perhaps, as well as that which 
 has given its Form to the Cornu Ammonis , 
 Inhabitants of the deepeft Parts of the 
 Ocean ; confequently it muft be fome ex- 
 traordinary Agitation of that 'great Body 
 
 of 
 
[ ii 6 ] 
 
 of Water that can bring them at all to 
 our Knowledge in their recent State. 
 
 Xhofe of the foflil Kind are numerous 
 enough in many Parts of England, and 
 particularly in Glocejlerjhire , and fome other 
 Counties, they are as common on the 
 ploughed Lands as Pebbles in other 
 Places. Many of thefe Shells have the 
 outward Surface fmooth, and fome of them 
 have Ridges and Furrows, or are other- 
 wife irregular on the Outfide, and are an- 
 gular or corner’d inftead of having circu- 
 lar Rims. 
 
 Conchites , fome Specimens of bivalve 
 Shells, being foflil Oyfters and Mufcles, 
 with circular Lines on the Outfide of the 
 Shell. Thefe Kind of Foffil Shells are 
 often found in the Mines in Derby/hire , 
 and in the Rocks at Beresford in Stafford- 
 J hire . 
 
 Pedlinites, Foflil Shells of the fcollop 
 Oyfter Kind ; they have longitudinal Lines 
 or Furrows on the exterior Surface of the 
 
 Shell •, 
 
[ ll 7 ] 
 
 Shell i they are alfo generally auricu- 
 lated. 
 
 Echinites , petrified Sea Urchins, or 
 Hedgehogs. Here are a great Variety 
 of Specimens of this Kind of fofiil Shell ; 
 fome of them are filled with Spar or Flint 
 formed within the Shell ; others have their 
 Cavities taken up by various Kinds of 
 earthy or ftony Subftances •, this is for 
 the moft part governed by the Nature of 
 the Place or Bed in which they are found. 
 Some of the Specimens have their Surface 
 fmooth and even, in others it is covered 
 with a Mixture of Excrefcences and Ca- 
 vities, or diverfified with beautiful and 
 regularly difpofed Lines ; their Size and 
 Form is various, according to their dif- 
 ferent Kinds. The Spines of thefe fofiil 
 Shells are generally found near them, 
 and of the fame Subftance : They 
 
 abound moft in Chalk Pits. The Lapis 
 Judaicus , found in Judea^ is of this 
 Clafs : They are often called Olive 
 
 Stones , from their bearing m Figure fome 
 
 Re- 
 
[ u8 ] 
 
 Refemblance to an Olive. It is in reality 
 the Spine of an Echinus filled with Spar j 
 it is very beautifully fluted and ftriated 
 longitudinally *, it is common in Syria, and 
 fometimes found with us. 
 
 Belemnites , vulgarly called Thunder- 
 bolts or Thunder Stones. They are com- 
 pofed of feveral Crufts of Stone encircling 
 each other, of a conical Form, and va- 
 rious Sizes i ufually a little hollow, and 
 fomewhat tranfparent, formed of feveral 
 Stria radiating from the Axis to the Sur- 
 face of the Stone ; and when burnt or 
 rubbed againft one another, or fcraped 
 with a Knife, yield an Odour like ralped 
 Horn, their Size is various, from a quar- 
 ter of an Inch to eight Inches •, and their 
 Colour and Shape differ. They are fup- 
 pofed to be originally either a Part of 
 fome Sea Production, or a Stone formed 
 in the Cavity of fome Worm Shell, which j 
 being of a tender and brittle Nature, has 
 perifhed, after giving its Form to the 
 Stone. They are very frequently found 
 
 in 
 
t 1 1 9 ] 
 
 in many Parts of England ; and the com- 
 mon People have a Notion that they are 
 always to be met with after a Thunder 
 Storm. They are often enclofed in, or 
 adhere to other Stones, and are moft 
 frequent amongft Gravel, or in Clay j 
 they abound in Glocefierjhire , and are found 
 near Eedington in Oxfordshire ^ where they 
 fometimes contain the Silver Marcafite. 
 
 Afteria, Star-ftones. Thele are fmall 
 Ihort angular or fulcated Columns, be- 
 tween one and two Inches long, and fel- 
 dom above a third of an Inch in Diameter : 
 compofed of feveral regular Joints ; when 
 feparated, each refembles a radiated Star ; 
 fome have four, others five Rays or Points, 
 either fharp or rounded. The feveral 
 Joints in the fame Specimen are ufually 
 ot the fame Thicknefs. The Ajleria is 
 alio called AJlrites , AJlroites and AJlerifcus . 
 They may be reduced to two Kinds j 
 thofe whofe whole Bodies make the Form 
 of a Star, and thofe which in the whole 
 are irregular, but are adorned as it were 
 
 with 
 
[ 120 ] 
 
 with Conftellations in the Parts. The 
 Quality of moving in Vinegar, as if ani- 
 mated is fcarce perceivable in the latter 
 Kind, but fignal in the firft. They are, 
 not without Reafon, fuppofed to be a 
 Part of fome Sea-fifh petrified. The 
 Curious frequently meet with them in 
 many Parts of England : at Cleydon in Ox- 
 fordjhire they are found rather larger than 
 common, but of a fofter Subftance ; for, 
 on being left a fmall Space of Time in a 
 ftrong Acid, they may eafily be feparated 
 at the Joints in fmall Plates. 
 
 The Trocbites and Entrochi are nearly of 
 the Subftance and Size of the AfierU , and 
 of the fame animal Origin, but not ful- 
 cated j compofed of a Number of round 
 radiated Joints, refembling in fome mea- 
 fure fo many fmall Wheels, and generally 
 found in Strata of Clay here and abroad. 
 
 The AJierU are often picked up at 
 Cutworth in North amp onjhire , at Sbug- 
 bury in Warwickjhire , and about Belvoir- 
 
 Cajtle 
 
arc 
 
 [ 121 ] 
 
 Cajile in Lincolnjhire •, a fmall Kind 
 found near Laffington in Glocefierfhire. 
 
 Ichthyolithi , petrified Parts of Fifh. 
 Among the Specimens are Slates of va- 
 rious Colours, with natural and diftind 
 Marks in them, reprefenting the Skeleton 
 of fome Fifh, or the Parts thereof. 
 
 In the Mines in Derbyjhire are found 
 the petrified Bones of many Kinds of 
 Fifh ; fome of them bear an exad Re- 
 femblance to the Vertebras of a Flounder. 
 
 Under this Title we take Notice of 
 the GloJJopetra, , formerly fo called, becaufe 
 it was imagined they were petrified 
 Tongues •, but they are in truth the 
 Teeth of Sharks and other Fifh, fome- 
 times adhering ftrongly, and partly bu- 
 ried in a ftony Subfiance, at others loofe ; 
 our more modern Naturahfls have verv 
 properly called them Ichtyodontes. 
 
 Under this Title are alfo depofited 
 fome Specimens of the ufonites, , or, as 
 Dr. Hill more properly calls them, Lyco- 
 dontes, as they are found to be the Dentes 
 G Molares„ 
 
[ 122 ] 
 
 Molar eS) or grinders of the Wolf-fifh, pe- 
 trified. They are found in England , 
 Germany , and more particularly in the 
 Ifiand of Malta •, they are commonly 
 called Toad-ftones, and are worn in 
 Rings, having many imaginary Virtues 
 attributed to them. 
 
 Siliquajtr* , many Specimens of the Pa- 
 lates of various Kinds of F 1A1 — Petrified 
 Crabs , found in great Plenty in the Ifiand 
 of Malta. 
 
 Zoolithi , petrified Parts of Land Ani- 
 mals. Among other Specimens are the 
 Grinders of an Elephant, &c. In the 
 Mines in Perby/Jdre are found Petrifac- 
 tions refembling the Feathers of Birds. 
 
 Phytolithi , petrified Plants. Here are 
 a Number of Pieces of Wood turned in- | 
 to Stone. Though this Kind of Petri- 
 faftion frill preferves the Appearance of 
 the original Wood, it fo far acquires the 
 Hardnefs and Confiftency of Stone, that ! 
 it may be polifiied like Jafper. 
 
 Under 
 
L 12 3 ] 
 
 Under this 1 itle are many Specimens 
 of Slates and Pebbles, having on them 
 the perfect Figure of Fern and other 
 Leaves ; in fome of them the Plant is 
 immerfed, but projects from others of 
 the Stones. Thefe Kind of Slates and 
 Pebbles are frequently found at the Top 
 of Coal Mines. Some of the Mines in 
 Somerfet/hire have the Vein covered by a 
 brittle Kind of foft Slate, which they call 
 there Wark : It is eafily feparable into 
 thin Plates, and, when divided, there is 
 found on one of the Plates a protuberant 
 Refemblance of a Fern Leaf. 
 
 At Stamfop in StaffordJInre are often 
 found Stones in the Form of Vege- 
 tables of various Kinds ; and fome have 
 the exad Figure of different Sorts of 
 Fruit, as Pears, &c. and many of them 
 refemble the Shell of an Almond, or a 
 Peach-ftone. 
 
 Graptolithi , figured Slates. They are 
 a foit Kind of Marble, and have by Na- 
 ture delineated on them very lively Re- 
 G 2 prefcntations 
 
prefentations of Shrubs, Trees, Land- 
 fcapes. Ruins, &c. and are found in great 
 Quantities in feveral Parts of Germany , 
 It is the Opinion of a great Naturalift, 
 and there is a great Probability of its be- 
 ing the Truth, that thefe Figures are oc- 
 cafioned by mineral Exhalations, which 
 Raining the original foft Matter of which 
 the Slate is afterwards formed, the T races 
 remain, and continue vifible after the 
 Slate has attained its ftony Confiftence, 
 whence that Variety of natural Pi&ures 
 to be feen in thefe Specimens. 
 
 TVm*?, Earths, are the various Kinds 
 of earthy Matter found in digging. They 
 are friable, opake, infipid Bodies, not in- 
 flammable, vitrifiable by extreme Heat, 
 diffufible in Water, and feparable from it 
 by Filtration. They are divided into 
 Ample and compound ; the Ample com- 
 prehends the Boles, Clays, Maries, Ochres, 
 and Tripelas \ the compound takes in 
 the Loams and Moulds. When ufed in 
 
 .Medicine, the different Kinds have va- 
 rious 
 
C 125 ] 
 
 rious Names, as Bolus Armena , Armenian 
 Bole, vulgarly called Bole Armoniac : the 
 belt is of a palifh red, foft, and fattifh to 
 the Palate, and adheres flrongly to the 
 Tongue : it is ufed as an Aflringent and 
 a Vulnerary. ‘Terra Lemma, Terra Sarnia , 
 Terra Sigillata. — Thefe are all Aftrin- 
 gents and Abforbents, but have not 
 the Virtues of the Bolus Armena firft 
 mentioned. 
 
 Calculi , Stones or Balls found in the 
 Stomach or other Parts of the Inteflines 
 of Animals. The largefl are found in 
 Horfes, and fome of an oval Shape in the 
 Stomachs of Camels. The Rhinoceros 
 fometimes has them ; and hairy Balls are 
 fometimes found in the Maws of Oxen. 
 This is the Cafe of thofe that are flailed 
 to fat for the Market ; the Bead will 
 fometimes, when almoft fit for flauo-hter 
 
 O 5 
 
 fuddenly pine, and lofe its Flefh, conti- 
 nually licking its Hide, by which Means 
 the Balls of Hair gather in the Maw. 
 The beft Remedy is to turn him loofe 
 G 3 for 
 
 i 
 
[ 126 1 
 
 for fome Hours every Day in a good 
 Failure, by which Means he will foon 
 return to his thriving Condition, and fat 
 
 apace. 
 
 Under this head are depofited the Be- 
 zoars *, they are found in the Inteftines 
 of an Indian Goat, and have been deemed 
 of great Ufe in Medicine, but are not 
 now fo much in Efteem •, they are ranked 
 among the Alexipharmics. The oriental 
 Bezoar is moll valuable, and of them 
 iuch are to be preferred as ftrike a deep 
 green upon a chalked Paper. It is very 
 dear, and Ihould be a chief Ingredient in 
 the Gafcoign ' s Powder , to which it gives 
 its Colour •, but the expreflfed Juice of 
 Violets has been often ufed for that Pur- 
 pofe, inftead of the Bezoar. Nay, a cer- 
 tain Profeffor of Phyfic told me fome 
 Years ago, that the Gafcoign's Powder has 
 been imitated by only making Balls of 
 Pipe-makers Clay mixed with Animal 
 Gall j and many were by this Means im- 
 
 pofed 
 
[ I2 7 3 
 
 poled on. When Medicines are fo dear, 
 they are very liable to be counterfeited. 
 
 The Stone found in the Chamoife, 
 Porcupine, and Monkey, are fuppofed to 
 have the fame Virtues, being deemed a 
 Kind of Bezoar ; and moreover, there is 
 attributed to them a much greater medi- 
 cinal Power by many credulous People ; 
 for they have been often worn as Charms, 
 or Prefervatives againft Difeafes. 
 
 The larged Stone of this Kind the Au- 
 thor of thefe Sheets ever faw, or indeed 
 heard of, to have been taken out of 
 the Body of any Animal, is now in the 
 Poffeflion of a Miller, who lives at a little 
 Village near Bures in Suffolk ; it was 
 found in the Body of a Mare, which died 
 foon after dropping a Foal. The Bead 
 expired in fuch Agonies, that the Owner 
 had the Curiofity to have her opened, 
 and by that Means difcovered this won- 
 derful Stone. It is nearly of a globular 
 Figure, of a brownifh Colour, and would 
 but jud lay in the Crown of my Flat. 
 
 G 4 The 
 
[ *28 ] 
 
 The Weight of it I do not recollect » 
 its Diameter might, at a Medium, be 
 eight or nine Inches : it was not, how- 
 ever, fo heavy, as from its Size one would 
 imagine, or as a natural Stone of that 
 Size would be. 
 
 What we have laft to take notice of 
 under this Title, are the feveral Speci- 
 mens of Stones extracted from human 
 Bodies, the larger from the Urine Blad- 
 der, the fmall from the Gall Bladder, and 
 the others were formed in the Kidneys. 
 There are fome which were occafioned 
 by the Party’s fwallowing the Stones of 
 Cherries and other Fruits, a Cruft of fto- 
 ny Matter firft gathering on them, they 
 afterwards increafe in Bulk, and caufe 
 the moft violent Pains, not unfrequently 
 Death itfelf. Many Remedies have been 
 offered to the Public for this dreadful 
 Diforder, but none of them are to be 
 depended on j fome not anfwering the 
 Purpofe intended, others being too rough 
 in their Operation. A proper Stone 
 
 Diftblvent 
 
[ 129 ] 
 
 Diffolvent would be a great Acquifition 
 to Medicine. 
 
 We are now come to a Part of the 
 Mufeum which will, it is imagined, par- 
 ticularly attradl the Attention of the La- 
 dies i I mean, the recent Shells preferved 
 in this Colledlion : but it will not be 
 pofiible in the Compafs of this fmall 
 Work, to make fuch accurate Remarks 
 on them as is due to the Singularity and 
 Beauty of many here depofited. I mull 
 recommend to my Reader to attend to 
 the Specimens, which are very numerous, 
 as we fhall only notice a few of the mod; 
 curious under each Title. The Virtuoli 
 may find almoft every Species that is 
 now known among the Univalves and 
 Bivalves, the Multivalves not. being yet 
 exhibited to public View in their Order ; 
 but the particularly curious may fee 
 many Specimens of them, if they requeft 
 it of the Officers of the Houle. 
 
 In the Remarks on this Colle6tion of 
 recent Shells, they will be taken in the 
 G 5 Order 
 
C 130 1 
 
 Order in which they are now depofited 
 under their feveral Titles : a fmall De- 
 fcription of each Kind, and the Names 
 of a few of the molt remarkable Shells, 
 will be fufficient to anfwer our prefent 
 Purpofe. 
 
 One of the large Tables contains a 
 Part of the Univalves, or Shells confid- 
 ing of one Piece or Part. 
 
 Echini Marini. Thefe are fometimes 
 called Centronix and Cidares. The Sea 
 Hedgehog, or Urchin, the Sea Egg* or 
 the Sea Cake, are the Names of the dif- 
 ferent Kinds of it in Englijh. Mod of 
 them are of a globular Figure, fometimes 
 with, at other times without, Spines, be- 
 fet with a great Number of regularly 
 ranged Tubercles, and with Apertures 
 more or lefs in Number, as far as fix or 
 feven. Many of them are of a flat de- 
 prefled Figure, when they are called Pla- 
 centae, or Sea Cakes, and they are not 
 unfrequently inclined to an oval Form, 
 
 when they bear the Name of Sea E 
 
 When 
 
t 131 ] 
 
 When the Fifh that inhabits this Shell is 
 alive, it is generally armed with a great 
 Number of Spines, or Prongs, which are 
 moveable at the Animal’s Pleafure, by 
 means of Mufcles that communicate with 
 the Spines through the Papillae of the 
 Shell. The Animal ufes thefe Spines 
 both for its Defence, and inftead of Legs 
 to enable it to move from Place to Place, 
 When the Fifh dies, thefe Spines are ve- 
 ry apt to fall off, which dilcovers the Pa- 
 pillae to which they were joined, and a 
 great Number of regularly difpofed Ex- 
 crefcences on the outward Surface of the 
 Shell, wherever there was a Spine, one 
 may perceive the Shell perforated. 
 
 Among the Specimens of the Echini 
 are the round Sea Eggs, with beautiful 
 Ranges of Tubercles ; the rounded flat- 
 tifh Sea Eggs, with large Papillae, each 
 fet round with fmall Tubercles ; the oval, 
 flat, radiated, and undulated Sea Eggs, 
 without Spines j many flat Placentae, or 
 Sea Cakes j Lome few of the Specimens 
 G 6 yet 
 
[ IJ* ] 
 
 yet retain their Spines, by which may be 
 feen the Manner of their Difpofition. 
 
 Echinorum Radioli. Many Specimens 
 of the Spines of the different Kinds of 
 Echini, preferved in their recent State 
 as they drop from the Shell ; they differ 
 in Length and Thicknefs, fome of them 
 being very fmall and fharp, others large 
 and obtufe. 
 
 Patella, Limpet Shells ; thefe are of a 
 gibbous Shape, the Apex or Summit of 
 the Shell is fometimes whole, at others per- 
 forated ; not unfrequently fharp pointed, 
 often obtufe. The Fifh adheres very firmly 
 to the Rocks, and is covered by one of 
 thefe Shells. Some of the Specimens 
 here preferved are very curious j many 
 have circular Ridges, others are radiated. 
 The Deck and Chambered Patellae are 
 worth Notice •, in fome, half the Circum- 
 ference is dentated, not unlike the Wheel 
 of a Watch. They are chiefly found in 
 the warmer Climates, particularly the 
 Eaft Indies and South America. 
 
 Aures 
 
[ »33 J 
 
 Aures Marin#, Sea Ears, commonly' 
 called the Ear Shell. This is of a broad 
 and flattilh Figure, inclining to oval, al- 
 moft fpiral at one Extremity, and has an 
 Aperture nearly as large as the Shell, 
 round the Edge of which are more or 
 lefs Perforations, and the Marks of others 
 that do not go quite through the Shell. 
 This is no uncommon Shell ; it is there- 
 fore needlefs to enlarge on it, the Speci- 
 mens exhibited will give the Reader a 
 fufficient Idea of it. 
 
 Cochle#, Sea, Land, and frefh Water 
 Snails j thefe are a fpiral Shell, with a 
 deprefied Clavicle, are umbilicated, and 
 have a Surface fometimes fmooth, but 
 more frequently furrowed, or covered 
 with Tubercles j the Mouth of this Kind 
 of Shell is circular. Among the Speci- 
 mens under this Title are, the Belted 
 Snail, the Ribbon Snail, the Cornu Am- 
 monis Cochlea, fome very curious Snails, 
 whole fpiral Turns are reverfed, and 
 others are dentated ; and in a few the ! 
 
 fpiral 
 
[ 134 ] 
 
 fpiral Turns of the Shell are in Part co- 
 vered by the laft Volution. 
 
 Neritce , are a Kind of femicircular 
 mouthed (femilunaris) Cochlea, often 
 dentated *, fome have exerted Apices, 
 others depreffed, and many of them are 
 umbilicated : they generally inhabit Ca- 
 verns on the Sides of Rocks, where the 
 Filh ftick fall to the Stone. Of the Spe- 
 cimens fome are fafciated, others reticu- 
 lated, and in Colour various, as white, 
 green, black, and yellow : Among them 
 are many that are called Bead Shells, and 
 others Pea Shells. 
 
 Trochi , Top Shells, fo called from fome 
 {mall Refemblance they bear to a Boy’s 
 Top. The are a Kind of Cochlea, fome- 
 what approaching to the Form of a 
 Cone, but the Summit fometimes more 
 depreffed, and they are not unfrequently 
 dentated j the Infide of the Shell is of a 
 moft beautiful Mother of Pearl Colour •, 
 many are rough, others fmooth, fafciated, 
 
 or wavy j of all which there are Speci- 
 mens, 
 
[ 135 J 
 
 mens, as well as of the prickly Trochus 
 or Spur Shell from the Eafi Indies , and 
 others. 
 
 Buccina , Trumpet Shells. This Kind 
 of Shell refembles in Form the Trumpet, 
 as it is reprefented in old Sculptures and 
 Paintings : It is a fpiral Shell with a wide 
 Belly, and a large, broad, and elongated 
 Mouth, of an oval Figure, with a crooked 
 Beak ; the fpiral Volutions of this Shell 
 differ in Number, being fometimes fix, 
 at others ten or twelve, and one Kind, has 
 the Volutions reverfed. 
 
 Strombi , are a Kind of Turbines, the 
 Tower of Babel, the Mitre Shell, the 
 Spindle, and fome others are ranked un- 
 der this Title ; but they are feldom by 
 the Naturalifts mentioned as a diftind: 
 Kind. 
 
 Turbines, Screw Shells. This Kind has 
 a long, wide, and depreffed Mouth, often 
 approaching to a circular Form, fome- 
 times dentated, at others not* it grows 
 narrow towards the Bafe, is auriculated, 
 
 and 
 
and terminates in a very long and fharp 
 Point; but the Form of the different 
 Kinds of Turbo in fome Refpedts varies. 
 The moft curious Specimens under this 
 Title, and worthy Obfervation, are Uni- 
 corn Whelks, Telefcopes, the Needle 
 Shell, the Screw Shell particularly fo 
 called, the Ribbon Turbo, the narrow 
 fpired Turbo, and others that are varie- 
 gated with Tubercles, and ftriated Lines 
 of different Colours ; but what more efpe- 
 cially merits Attention among thefe Shells, 
 is the Wendel Trap, fo named by the 
 Dutch , who find it in their Spice Iflands ; 
 it is often fold for fixteen and twenty 
 Guineas, and fometimes more : In Eng- 
 land it is called the Royal Stair Cafe. 
 
 Murices. The Murex is a fulcated Shell, 
 befet with fmall Spines and Tubercles, 
 with a rough Clavicle, exerted near the 
 Summit in moft Kinds, in others de- 
 preffed ; the Mouth is long and always 
 expanded, fometimes dentated ; in many 
 the Lip is digitated, in others elated, 
 
 folded. 
 
[ W ] 
 
 folded, or jagged ; the Columella is fome- 
 times rough, at others fmooth : Under 
 tiiis Title are to be feen Wing Shells, the 
 Mufic Shell, the ribbed Mufick Shell, 
 the brown Murex with many Spines, the 
 Turban, the Helmet, a Variety of yellow 
 Shells, and many Spider Shells : The Filh 
 that inhabits the Murex, furnifhed the 
 ancient Greeks and Romans with that cu- 
 rious Dye, which was in fuch high Efti- 
 mation among them. We muft now con- 
 dud: the Reader to the other Table,, 
 which contains the Remainder of the 
 Shells. 
 
 Purpura. This Kind of Shell is jagged, 
 and befet all over with Tubercles, Spines, 
 Umbo’s or Striae •, the Mouth or Aper- 
 ture is fmall, and approaching to a cir- 
 cular Figure; the Tail is fhort, and the 
 Bafe ufually runs out into a long Beak : 
 This is a very beautiful Species. Among 
 the Specimens are the Woodcock Shell, 
 the thorny or prickly Woodcock, the 
 Endive Shell, the Caltrop Shell, and 
 
 man^ 
 
[ 138 ] 
 
 many others. The Spines of the Purpuras 
 differ, being more or lefs fharp, and in 
 Number various ; both this Kind and the 
 Murex are found in great Plenty in the 
 Gulph of V 'arentum. 
 
 Dolia , Tun Shells. Thefe have a glo- 
 bofe or round Belly, a lax Aperture or 
 Mouth, fometimes fmooth, at others den- 
 tated ; the Clavicle is either very little 
 umbonated or depreffed ; the Columella 
 in fome Species fmooth, in others wrink- 
 led-, and the outward Surface is always 
 varioufly falcated, therein differing from 
 the Bulla. Among the Specimens, thofe 
 moft worthy Notice are the Ethiopian 
 Crown, the feveral Kinds of Harp Shells, 
 the variegated ribbed Tun Shell, fome 
 Perfian Shells, and many others, which it 
 would take up too much Room particu- 
 larly to mention. 
 
 Bulla , Boat Shells, are a Kind of Dolia, 
 but differ from them in that their Surface 
 is fmooth, whereas the Dolia are always 
 falcated i the fpiral Volutions of this Shell 
 
[ in ibme Kinds are not contiguous near 
 [ the Clavicle, and are frequently armed 
 there with Spines. The Gondola Shells, 
 the Perfian Crowns, and many Shells that 
 refemble Figs and other Fruit, are de- 
 pofited under this Title. 
 
 Rhombi Cylindri , Olive Shells. This 
 Shell is often ranked among the Volutae ; 
 but it differs from it, in that the Voluta 
 is of a conic Figure, whereas this Kind is 
 nearly of an equal Size at both Ends : It 
 is of an oblong cylindric Form, has an ob- 
 long Mouth or Aperture, and the Cla- 
 vicle is not unfrequently feparated from 
 the Body of the Shell by a Circle ; the Co- 
 lumella in fome fmooth, in others rough. 
 Some of the Shells of this Kind are called 
 Stampers, others Malles. 
 
 Volute ’, Volutes. This and the Kind 
 laft mentioned are often ranked under the 
 fame Title. The Voluta is of a conic 
 Figure, has an oblong Mouth or Aper- 
 ture, the Clavicle fometimes eredb, often 
 ' deprelfed, in fome Specimens coronated at 
 
 the 
 
[ I 4° ] 
 
 the Top. One of the Extremities of this 
 Shell is of a pyramidical Figure, the other ) 
 formed into high Ribs which conftitute ! 
 a depreffed Clavicle, or a dentated Crown ; j 
 the Head is feparated from the Body of : 
 the Shell by a high Rib. Among the 
 Specimens are the Admiral, Vice-Admi- 
 ral, Tyger Shells, Hebrew Letters, the 
 Onyx Shell, many coronated Volutes, and 
 feveral Kind of Leopard Shells. 
 
 Per cellar! <*?, Porcellain Shells. The Por- 
 cellana is of a conglobated oblong gib- 
 bofe or umbonated Form, and has for a 
 Mouth or Aperture, a long and narrow 
 Slit, dentated on each Side. A few of 
 the moft curious of this Kind are, the 
 Arabian Letter Shell, the Map Shell, the 
 Argus, andFalfe Argus, the Tortoife Por- 
 cellain, the Beetle, the Chinefe and Boat 
 Porcellain, the Atlas Porcelain, Mole Por- 
 cellains, and one Specimen of that Kind 
 called the Weavers Shuttle. The com- 
 mon Cowries, or Guinea Money, come 
 under this Title. 
 
 Nautili % 
 
[ 141 ] 
 
 Nautili , Sailor Shells. The French call 
 this Kind Le Vcilier. It has been con- 
 jectured that Men firft learned the Ufe of 
 Sails from the little Fifli that inhabits it. 
 It often fwims on the Surface of the Sea* 
 throwing out a Membrane that ferves it 
 inftead of Sail ; and it has other Parts 
 which it ufes as Oars and a Rudder. It 
 is a fpiral Shell, with a large and roundifh 
 Aperture ; the laft Volution is remarkably 
 large in Proportion to the reft, otherwife 
 not unlike fome Kind of Snails that have 
 deprefied Clavicles. The whole Shell is 
 by Partitions divided into feveral Cham- 
 bers, which communicate one with the 
 other by Means of a fmall Pipe in each 
 Partition. Among the Specimens, one 
 of the Shells is cut vertically in fuch a 
 Manner as to difcover the different Con- 
 camerations. Worth obferving are the 
 imall thin Nautilus, the Paper Nautilus 
 from the Mediterranean , and fome from 
 the Eafi Indies , in Size various, many in 
 their natural State, others polilhed. It 
 
 has 
 
has been conjeftured that the Cornu Am - 
 monis , defcribed among the foftil Shells, 
 takes it Shape from fome Species of the 
 Nautilus i but this is far from being j 
 afcertained. 
 
 Dentalia , Tooth Shells. This is a fhelly I 
 Tube, refembling the Talk of an Ele- 
 phant, or the Horn of fome Animal, 
 which is a little bent : Some of them are 
 fmooth, others ftriated *, the fmooth Kind 
 are white, and not unfrequently tipped 
 with red ; the others often white, fome-^ 
 times green. The common Tooth Shell, 
 the Dog Tooth Shell, and others are to 
 be feen among the Specimens. 
 
 Vermicular ia , Worm-fhells, are of a 
 very irregular , Shape, and nothing but 
 a Kind of teftaceous Covering the Sea 
 Worms inhabit. They are generally found 
 in Clufters, often flicking to the Bottom j 
 of Ships after a long Voyage. 
 
 We are now come to a Conclufion of! 
 ourfmall Remarks on the Univalves, and 
 
 mud in a regular Progreflion proceed to 
 
 take 
 
[ >43 ] 
 
 take Notice of the Bivalves, with which 
 the Remainder of this Table is filled. 
 
 Ofirea , Oyfters. This Shell confifts of 
 two Parts joined together by a Hinge, 
 being a ftrong Membrane ; one of the 
 Parts of the Shell is moft frequently flat, 
 the other moderately globular, and have 
 circular Striae ; but their general Form is 
 various, in the leveral -Kinds. We find 
 here preferved a great Variety of the 
 fcarcer Sorts ; among the reft* the Thorny 
 Oyfter, the Prickly Oyfter, the Hammer 
 and Saddle Oyfter, of which fome have 
 the Valves joined in a Manner more par- 
 ticularly refembling a Hinge. Here are 
 alfo fome Specimens of tranfparent round 
 flat Oyfters, ufed in fome Part of the Eaft 
 Indies inftead of Glafs. 
 
 Pe Hines, Scollop Shells, are of a flatted 
 Shape, and the Valve fhut clofe in all 
 Parts. They differ from the Oyfter in 
 that they are auriculated, and are ftriated 
 in the Manner of a Comb, longitudinally. 
 The moft curious of this Kind are the 
 
 Mantle 
 
Mantle Scollops of various Colours, par- 
 ticularly the Ducal Mantle, the Marbled 
 Scollop, the Coral Scollop, and others. 
 
 Cordia , Heart-lhells. Both the Valves 
 of this Shell are convex, and they are not 
 auriculated, often confounded with the 
 Pedtines. ^Venus’s Heart, the Noah’s Ark, 
 the Ox Heart, Human Heart, Thorny 
 Hearts and Speckled Heart Shells, are the 
 moft curious among them. 
 
 Cham <e. This Kind is for the moft Part 
 fmooth, though in fome Places a little 
 rugofe •, the Valves are equal, elate and 
 convex, and the Mouth gapes, being 
 clofed in fome Places, not in others •, it 
 has longitudinal Furrows, and very deep, 
 fometimes is armed with Spines *, it is of 
 a rounder Figure than the Tellina, and 
 thicker. The Concha Veneris, ufed by 
 the Ancients to form Baffo Relievos with 
 different coloured Grounds, in the fame 
 Manner our Lapidaries exercife their In- 
 genuity on Onyxes, was of this Kind. 
 The Roman Mantle, the Arabian Shell, 
 
 the 
 
[ H5 ] 
 
 the yellow Chama, the Balket Shell, and 
 the reticulated white Chama, are curious. 
 
 Telling, are a Kind of beautiful Mufcles, 
 common enough in Italy, particularly about 
 Rome ; their Form inclines to an Oval, 
 and the Shell thin. For the molt part' 
 when they are feen in Mufeums, the outer 
 Coat is taken off, which occafions their 
 having that fplendid Appearance ; fome 
 fuch are to be feen in this Colle&ion, and 
 others in their natural State. The flat 
 Tellina with white Fafciae, the broad flat 
 Tellina from the IVeJi Indies , the narrow 
 Tellina, and others, are worthy to bepre- 
 ferved. 
 
 Mufculr , Mufcles of the fmaller Sizes. 
 Some of the Specimens have Pearls fixed 
 to the Infide of the Shell, occafioned by its 
 having been by feme Means or other ac- 
 cidentally injured. 
 
 We have now done with the Tables of 
 Shells j if the Remarks that are made on 
 them are thought too concile, it muft be 
 confidered that they could not be treated 
 
[ 146 ] 
 
 of more at large without fwelling thefe 
 Sheets to a larger Size than the Author in- 
 tends they fhall extend to. Of the many 
 Readers which he hopes to have, moft of 
 them will, no doubt, think that Part of 
 the Colledtion which particularly fuits his 
 Tafte and engages his Attention, too 
 fiightly treated of. But it is impoffible to 
 pleafe every one. Such muft with Pa- 
 tience wait till the general Account of 
 the Mufeum is published at large by the 
 Officers of the Houfe. Their Curiofity 
 will then J>e fully fatisfied ; as, the Abi- 
 lities of the Authors confidered, the Ca- 
 talogue will doubtlefs be fuch, as to merit 
 the particular Attention and Encourage- 
 ment of the Public. 
 
 The Reader muft now be dire&ed to 
 the firft of the fmall Tables, which 
 contains a Number of Plandles for Dag- 
 gers, Knives and Forks i fome Seals, 
 Heads of Canes, or walking Sticks, and 
 the Hilt of a Sword. Thefe are all made 
 either of Agate , Mocoe Stone , Onyx , Come- 
 
 lian y 
 
[ '47 ] 
 
 lian, Jafper , Bloodfione , or Nephritic Stone . , 
 &V. There are alfo fome Turkifh and 
 Perfian Daggers, fuch as it was formerly 
 cuftomary for them to wear at their 
 Girdles, and fome Knives with the Blades 
 inlaid with Gold. There is one in parti- 
 cular which has a Point of Gold* and is 
 by many credulous People thought to 
 have been tranfmuted by fome Alchymift 
 who poffeffed the much talked of Secret 
 of the Philofopher’s Stone. 
 
 In the other fmall Table in this Room 
 are preferved a great Number and Variety 
 of Cups, Difhes, Boxes, &c. made of Agate , 
 Mocoe Stone ^ Cornelian , and Jafpers. They 
 differ much one from the other as well in 
 Form as Colour. 
 
 There is very little more to be noticed 
 in this Part of the Colle&ion, if we except 
 a Set of Figures reprefenting Miners, in 
 the ordinary Dreffes they wear, in Bohe - 
 mia, Saxony , and other Parts of Germany. 
 With them are to be feen the Tools they 
 ufe in their Work *, and here is alfo a 
 H 2 View 
 
[ US ] 
 
 View of a Mine, fhewing their Huts, 
 Ladders, &c. The Crucifixes belong to 
 them, as being commonly feen about the 
 Entrance of Mines fituated in thofe Places 
 where the Roman Catholic Religion pre- 
 vails. But neither the Crucifixes, the 
 View of the Mine, or the Miners, are fo 
 curious as to merit any particular Atten- 
 tion ; efpecially in a Mufeum where there 
 are fuch a Number of Articles fo much 
 more worthy of Remark. 
 
 We fliall finifh what we have to fay of 
 this Room, by diredting the Reader to 
 the Tufks of an Elephant, one tolerably 
 perfedt, the other half perilhed, and fome 
 other Bones of this large Animal. Thefe 
 are all faid to have been found in a certain 
 Place near Grafs -Inn-Lane, very deep in 
 the Ground. It is not improbably fup- 
 pofed to have been the Remains of one 
 that was brought over here in the Time 
 that the Romans were Mailers of Britain. 
 
 Col lectio 
 
[ *49 j 
 
 COLLECTIO SLOANIANA. 
 
 The Reader will now prepare himfelf 
 for the Remarks that are to be made on 
 the Contents of the next Room, which 
 are no lefs curious and worthy of Notice 
 than thole we have already gone through. 
 To begin with the Repofitories, or Cabi- 
 nets, the firft we meet with are 
 
 Vegetabilia. Fructus. Ligna. 
 
 Under thefe Titles are comprehended 
 a great Variety of foreign Fruits, diffe- 
 rent Kinds of aromatic and other curious 
 Woods, many Sorts of Gum, Barks, and 
 a numerous Train of other vegetable Pro- 
 ductions. We lhall firft direft the Reader 
 to the Scythian Lamb, otherwife called 
 Baromez, Barometz, or Baranetz. It is 
 the Root of a Plant much like Fern that 
 grows in Mufcozy. It is laid that the Na, 
 ture ol it is fuch, that it will fuller no 
 Plant whatever to thrive near it. Its 
 Root is covered by a fort of Down re- 
 iembling Wool, and there are Shoots,, or 
 FI 3 Fibres, 
 
[ i5° ] 
 
 Fibres, which ferve well enough to re- 
 prefent the Legs and Horns of the vege- ' 
 table Animal. A very little Help of the 
 Imagination makes it altogether a toler- 
 able Lamb. Many ftrange Qualities have 
 been given to this Production, and as 
 ftrange Stories told of it ; fome having 
 defcribed it with a Skin like a real Lamb, 
 but of a much fuperior V stlue •, others 
 have faid that Wolves delighted to feed 
 on it, beftdes many more Fictions too te- 
 dious to take notice of here •, infomuch 
 that fome were inclined to believe there 
 was no fuch Thing in Nature. 
 
 Here we find many Specimens of the 
 various Kinds of the Apocynum, or Silk 
 Grafs, common in the Eajl and IV eft In- 
 dies , where they apply it to feveral Ufes. 
 The different Kinds of Cotton are to be 
 feen as it grows in the Indies , fome of it 
 burfting from the Pod. 
 
 A great Number and Variety of Cala- 
 balhes, of which the Indians of America 
 make many of their Houfhold Utenfils i 
 
 fome 
 
fome Sea Coccoons and Sope Berries. 
 Thefe laft are the Fruit of a Tree grow- 
 ing in fome of the JVeji India Iflands, and 
 Africa , the Pulp of which has all the 
 Qualities of Sope. 
 
 Echino MelocaElus , by* Linnaus called 
 Callus, the TurkifliCap, or Thiftly Me- 
 lon. There are many Kinds of this Plant, 
 which is extremely curious ; they com- 
 monly grow on the fteep Sides of Rocks 
 in the warmeft Parts of America , their 
 Root fhooting deep into the FilTures of 
 the Rock, requiring very little Earth to 
 nourifh them. Several Sorts of Spices 
 and Drugs, lAc. as Cloves, which are the 
 Fruit of a large Tree, having Leaves like 
 the Laurel •, it grows in the Molucca Iflands : 
 the Oil extracted from them is often pre- 
 fcribed in Medicine. Pepper, as growing 
 on the Branches ; it is brought from Ma- 
 labar ^ Sumatra , Mocho , and other Parts of 
 the Ea.fl Indies. The Black Pepper grows 
 upon a weak climbing Plant, with large 
 oval pointed Leaves •, that which pro- 
 FI 4 duces 
 
[ T 52 ] 
 
 duces the Long Pepper, is not very dif- 
 ferent, and grows in the fame Places. 
 Pimento, or Jamaica Pepper, grows on 
 a Plant not unlike that which produces 
 the Clove, but not fo large. Nutmegs 
 grow in the Ifland of Banda , in the EaJl 
 Indies , and in fome few other Places, on 
 a Tree about the Size of a large Standard 
 Apricot, which bears a Fruit not unlike 
 it in Shape and Size : its Leaf is like the 
 Almond, but not ferrated j the Nutmeg 
 is contained within the Pulp of the Fruit, 
 and the Mace cleaves clofe to the Shell of 
 it. Cardamoms are a Seed brought us 
 from Java , Malabar , and other Parts of 
 the EaJl Indies. Tamarinds are the Pro- 
 duce of both the Indies , and the Fruit of 
 a large Tree of the Palm Kind they 
 make a pleafant Sweatmeat, and very 
 wholefome. 
 
 Beans of different Kinds, Colours, and 
 Sizes. The Anacardium, Orientale & Oc~ 
 cidentale j the Molucca Bean, and Cafhew 
 Nut j the firlt comes from the EaJl Indies , 
 
 is 
 
[ r 53 ] 
 
 is enclofed in two Skins, between which 
 is a ftrong cauftic Oil •, the Kernel is 
 pleafant to the Tafte. The other is in 
 Shape like a Windfor Bean, with two 
 Skins, enclofing the fame Kind of Oil and 
 a Kernel ; it is brought from Jamaica. 
 There are frequently call on Shore in the 
 north-weft Iflands of Scotland , a Sort of 
 Fruit, called by fome Orkney Beans, which 
 are not the Produce of any Part of Europe, 
 but of America. Sir Hans Sloane procured 
 four Species of them, and found that he 
 had himlelf gathered them in the Illand of 
 Jamaica. The firft Sort was a Kind of 
 Kidney Bean, called by him the great 
 perennial Kidney Bean, with a great 
 crooked Lobe. This is a Native of the 
 Eajl and Weft Indies. 
 
 The fecond Kind was the Horfe Eye 
 Bean of Jamaica , defcribed by Sir Hans , 
 and is found in other hot Countries. 
 The third Kind was that called in Ja- 
 maica the Afti-coloured Nickar Nut, from 
 being like a Nickar, or Marble that Boys 
 H 5 play 
 
[ i5+ 1 
 
 play with. This is common in the Eaft 
 and JVefi Indies. 
 
 The fourth Kind was a Jamaica Fruit 
 not yet fully known. It is not eafy to 
 account how they fhould be driven to 
 fuch a Diftance from the Place of their 
 Growth, unlefs by the Winds and Cur- 
 rents. 
 
 W T e meet here with the Heads and 
 Fruits of Palm Trees, and alfo fome Tea 
 Nuts, Cocoa Nuts, Acacia, Coffee Ber- 
 
 j 
 
 ries, which laft is the Fruit of a Kind of 
 Jeffamine, with a Leaf like a Chefnut, 
 and a white fweet Flower : It grows in 
 Arabia and the Weft Indies. Some Speci- 
 mens of Millet, Guinea Corn, and Maiz. 
 The Indians in New England , and other 
 Parts of North America , had no other 
 Vegetable but Maiz to make their Bread 
 of j they call it Weachin j the Ear of Maiz 
 yields more Grain than any of our Corn 
 Ears. There are commonly about eight 
 Rows of Grain in the Ear (and more if 
 the Ground be good) each of which con- 
 tains 
 
t 155 ] 
 
 tains at leaft thirty Grains, and thefe are 
 larger than any Grain of our corn ; their 
 Colour varies. The Maiz of Virginia 
 grows feven or eight Feet high; that of 
 New England is fhorter, and the Indians 
 up in the Country have a yet fhorter Kind 
 in Ufe. The Stalk of the Maiz is full of 
 Sap, and has much fweet Juice in it, of 
 which in all Probability Sugar might be 
 made. We muft particularly take Notice 
 of the Bark Lace. The Tree that pro- 
 duces it is called Logetto , or the Bark 
 Tree, the inner Bark of which confifts of 
 Fibres difpofed in a reticular Figure, and 
 bears fome Refemblance to Lace. It is 
 often, by curious People, made up into 
 Ruffles, &c. Here is preferved a Kind 
 of Shirt or Garment of it, being the entire 
 inner Bark taken off the Body of one of 
 thefe Trees. 
 
 We now come to fome Roots, of which 
 there are many -Specimens ; as Ginfeng, 
 which is in high Eftimation in China and 
 Japan , being deemed an excellent Cepha- 
 H 6 lie. 
 
[ 156 ] 
 
 lie, and good for the Spirits and Nerves ; 
 it ufed formerly to be fold for its Weight 
 in Gold in Europe , and is yet very dear in 
 the Indies , but not much valued here : 
 The Chinefe do not efteem that which 
 grows in America , valuing only their own. 
 Rattle Snake Root, Contrayerva, and 
 others. And there are a great Variety of 
 Gums, as Gum Elemi, Galbanum, Copal, 
 Styrax, (Ac. and fome aromatic and other 
 foreign Woods. Camphor, the Wood 
 from which the Gum or Rofin of this 
 Name is extracted •, it grows in China, and 
 fome other Parts of the Eafi Indies. The 
 Benzoin, which alfo produces a Gum, and 
 -many others. 
 
 Spongite. In the Repofitory under this 
 Title are a great Number of Specimens 
 of the different Kinds of Spunge, fome 
 very large. They are a Sea Produ&ion, 
 and have been long ranked among the 
 Number of Vegetables that the Sea pro- 
 duces, but how properly is not yet by 
 
 our 
 
[ *57 ] 
 
 our modern Naturalifts abfoiutely de- 
 termined. 
 
 The Repofitories that follow contain 
 the different Kinds of Coral under 
 their feveral Titles. It would take up 
 too much Room to enlarge on them *, 
 we fhall, however, proceed to give the 
 Infcriptions, and a few Words upon 
 each Sort. The firft that prefents it- 
 felf is, 
 
 Keratophyta . This Title comprehends 
 the feveral Kinds of black Coral, called 
 alfo Antipath es , Lithophyton , and Pfeudoco- 
 r allium. The Specimens here prelerved 
 confift of Sea Fans, Sea Willows, Sea 
 Firs, and others of the like Sort, having 
 their Names given them from a faint 
 Refemblance they bear to thofe Things. 
 
 Corallia. All the different Kinds of 
 Coral have, till of late, been ranked in 
 the vegetable Kingdom, being thought 
 to be Sea Plants ; but Mr. Ellis has pub- 
 lifhed a Work, in which he endeavours to 
 prove they are of the Animal Kind : the 
 
 Matter, 
 
[ 158 ] 
 
 Matter, however, is not yet quite fettled 
 among the Naturalifts. Under this ge- 
 neral Head are fome Specimens of Coral 
 fattened to Pieces of Ships, on Bottles, 
 Pieces of Coin, &c. in the fame Manner 
 that Barnacles fatten themfelves to a Log 
 of Wood ; and alfo fome of the black. 
 Coral. 
 
 Madrepora , comprehends all the Corals 
 that have ftellated Perforations. The 
 Species of the Madrepora are by the 
 Naturalifts made very numerous. In this 
 Repofitory are feveral Brainftones, Sea 
 Muftirooms, and many other Specimens, 
 fome white, and others of a red or pink 
 Colour 
 
 Millepora. All the Corals that have 
 Perforations which are neither ftellated 
 nor radiated, are ranked in this Clafs. 
 The Specimens confift of many branched 
 Corals, fome large and very curious. 
 
 Efcbara . Under this Title are depo 
 fited a Species of Coral, fome of which 
 refembles woven Cloth, or the Leaf of a 
 
 Tree, 
 
[ *59 3 
 
 Tree, others Network. They conlift of 
 the common retiporous Efchara, the foli- 
 aceous retiporous Efchara, and others, 
 fome of them very large. * 
 
 Tubular ia. This Species is by Limans 
 called Tubipora. It is generally of a 
 purple Colour, and is compofed of many 
 hollow Tubes or Pipes of Coral iffuing 
 from the fame Stock. The Specimens of 
 it are curious, varying in Colour. 
 
 After having made thefe fhort Re- 
 marks on the Nature of the feveral Kinds 
 of Coral, it will not be amifs to mention 
 four Tables of Sea Produdions chiefly of 
 the Coral Kind, difpofed in their feveral 
 Clafies in the Form of Landfcapes. They 
 are the Gift of Mr. Ellis, who, as the 
 Reader has already been informed, has 
 wrote on the Subjed. There being in 
 each of thefe Tables a fliort Account of 
 the Contents, it is quite unneceflary to 
 be more particular. 
 
 Nidi Infeftorum , Nells of Infeds. An 
 Enquiry into this Part of Natural Hifto- 
 
 *7 
 
[ i-6 o j 
 
 py is very amufing and entertaining, fo 
 great is the Variety contained in it •, for 
 not only every dillindl Clafs of Infe<5ts has 
 a Manner peculiar to itfelf to preferve 
 and continue the Species, but every di- 
 llinguillied Part of each Clafs varies in 
 this Particular, yet all of them follow the 
 invariable Law that God and Nature has 
 taught them ; affifted by an Inftintt, 
 which Man, with all his boafted Reafon, t 
 cannot with any Propriety account for. 
 For Inftance, the Wafps do not all 
 make their Nells alike; fome are very 
 large, as a Kind of American Wafp, 
 feveral of which Nells are here de- 
 pofited ; another, which comes from 
 Newfoundland , refembles a Rofe ; and 
 thofe entirely covered with Clay, which 
 are of two Kinds, one plain, fabricated 
 by a fmall black Wafp, the other is a 
 wreathed tubulated Clay nell, and thefe 
 are built by a purplilh black Wafp ; they 
 are both the Produce of Penfylvania ; yet 
 all thefe differ from the common Wafp’s 
 Nell, There are many other Varieties in 
 
 the 
 
[ i6i ] 
 
 the Work of this Infed * but it would 
 take up too much Time to enlarge more 
 on the Subjed, efpecially as what has 
 been already faid will be fufficient to give 
 the intelligent Reader a perfed Idea of 
 the Author’s Meaning. The Study of 
 Natural Hiftory muft always greatly con- 
 duce to the Honour of God ; it ought, 
 therefore, on all Hands to be properly 
 encouraged. 
 
 We find here a great Variety of Spe- 
 cimens preferved of the Nefts of diffe- 
 rent Infeds, too many to take particular 
 Notice of *, it will be fufficient, therefore, 
 to mention a few only to the Reader. 
 Befides the Wafps Nefts, there is a large 
 Hornet’s Neft, many Nefts of Spiders, 
 fome Humble Bees Cells, Ants Nefts of 
 various Kinds, and from different Parts 
 of the World. But what is moft worthy 
 of Remark under this Head, is a very 
 curious Spider’s Neft brought from the 
 JVeft Indies , to which the Infed has with 
 great natural Skill and Ingenuity contri- 
 
[ I fa ] 
 
 ved a Valve, or Trap-door, to fecure the 
 Entrance, thereby defending its Progeny 
 from the Attack of fome Enemy of the 
 Species. 
 
 Nidi Avium , Nefts of Birds. This Ti- 
 tle affords as great a Variety as the laft, 
 and for the fame Reafons. It is impoffi- 
 ble to attempt noticing all the Nefts that 
 are here preferved as Specimens ; they 
 are both numerous and curious \ it will 
 be fufticient to point out to the Reader 
 a few moft deferring Attention, and 
 even of thole little mull be faid. The 
 hanging Nefts claim our firft Regard, 
 which are made by Birds, Inhabitants of 
 both the Indies ; they hang by a flender ;j 
 Filament to a fmall Twig of a Tree, and 
 are by that Means put out of the Reach 
 of any Enemy of the quadruped or rep- 
 tile Kind. Thefe Nefts are chiefly made 
 of a Sort of Grafs without, difpofed in 
 the Form of a Net, and lined with dif- 
 ferent Kinds of foft Subftances within •, 
 but there are Birds in Siberia , that make 
 
 hanging 
 
 ..... 
 
[ * 6 3 ] 
 
 hanging Nefts of a very curious Stru&ure 
 of Spiders Webs. The Nefts of the va- 
 rious Sorts of Humming Birds are pretty, 
 particularly one, on which a very beauti- 
 ful Bird is fitting. The King Fifher’s 
 Neft, and that of the Tom Tit, are not 
 unworthy of Remark, efpecially being the 
 Produce of our own Country. Here is 
 a Neft brought from Cambodia , and other 
 Parts of the Eaft Indies , about the Size of 
 a Goofe’s Egg, and in Subftance not un- 
 like Ifinglafs •, being dilfolved in Water, 
 it makes a fine Soup, whence it is gene- 
 rally called the Soup Neft : It is made by 
 a fmall Indian Swallow of a delicate Tafte. 
 Thefe Birds are feen at certain Seafons of 
 the Year, in vaft Multitudes on the Sea 
 Coafts, where in the Clefts of the Rocks 
 they build their Nefts of an hemifpheri- 
 cal Form, making them of a fpumous 
 Matter which they find on the Sea Shore. 
 There is only one Kind of Neft more to 
 be mentioned, and we have done with 
 this Title *, it is brought from both the 
 
 Indies , 
 
[ 1 54 ] 
 
 Indw, and covered with Leaves, which 
 the Birds are faid to few together with 
 their Beaks, whence they have the Name 
 of Taylor Birds. 
 
 Having given this ihort Account of 
 the Nells of fuch Kinds of Birds as are 
 generally deemed mod curious, and me- 
 riting Attention, we are naturally brought 
 to the next Repofitory. 
 
 Ova, Eggs, are very numerous : Let 
 it be thought fufficient, therefore, that 
 the Reader be informed, that among 
 others, there are Specimens of the Ego- s 
 of the Oftrich, the Cafloware, Owls and 
 Eagles of various Kinds, Penguins, Cor- 
 
 morants, Maccaws, fome Parrots Eggs, 
 thofe of the China Pheafant, King Fifher, 
 Mifcle Birds, and fome remarkable blue 
 
 
 Eggs from Virginia . There are alfo a 
 
 fmall Egg contained within another, very 
 curious ; fome that have irregular fur- 
 rowed Surfaces, and an Egg on which is 
 neatly and whimfically rivetted a fmall 
 Horfe Shoe. Befides thefe Eggs of 
 
 Birds, 
 
[ 1 
 
 Birds, are ionic ^ r _ . 
 Crocodiles, Guianas, 
 and Tortoifes. 
 
 of thofe of 
 Lizards, Turtles, 
 
 StdU Marina, ' Star Filh. The Stella 
 Marina is a foft Animal, compofed of 
 many Segments, running from a central 
 Part refembling the Rays of a Star, as 
 vulgarly painted. The central Part is 
 the Body, and has always a Mouth in its 
 lower Side; the Rays are equidiftant. 
 1 he Stella Arborefcens has the Mouth in 
 the middle ; its Body is pentangular, 
 and from the five Angles arife as many 
 Branches, which are divided and fubdi- 
 vided till the exterior ones are no thicker 
 than Horfe-hairs, and the whole in Num- 
 ber amount to fome Thoufands. One 
 Kind of Stella Marina taken in North 
 America, is called the Baiket Filh, and 
 is of the fame Nature as the arborefcent 
 Star Filh and the Medufa’s Head. Thofe 
 ot the fmaller Kind are called on our 
 Coafts, where they abound, Five Fingers. 
 Some of the Specimens are very large, 
 
 the 
 
[ 166 ] 
 
 the Number of iUints or Ra Y s be - 
 ing various. The reticulated Star Fifh, 
 
 called Medufa's Head , is very curious *, 
 the Fifh, when alive and in its natural 
 Element, fpreads abroad a great Number 
 of Fibres, which extend to a large Com- 
 pafs, and in Figure bear no diftant Re- 
 femblance to a Net, being perhaps in- 
 tended for the fame Ufe, to catch its 
 Prey. 
 
 Cruftacea. Under this Title are depo- 
 fited a Variety of Crabs of different 
 Kinds, Colours, and Countries •, fome 
 Lobfters, Sea Locufts, Prawns, Shrimps, 
 the black Crab from Jamaica , and others 
 from the Eaji Indies , finely variegated in 
 Colour •, but what really moft demands 
 Regard, is an extraordinary large Claw of 
 a Lobfter. 
 
 I’ejlacea, A Number of large Sea 
 Shells, as Helmets Buccina, Csfr. In the 
 upper Part of this Repofitory is a Log 
 of Wood with a great Number of Bar- 
 nacles (ticking to it. It was the Opinion 
 
 of 
 
 
£ l6 7 ] 
 
 of iome of our old. ^iaic«r<j]j^cj^ they were 
 produced on a Tree that grows on the 
 Sea Shore in the North of Scotland ; that, 
 after a certain Time, the Shell dropped 
 its Contents into the Sea, and that it 
 there became a Bird called the Barnacle, 
 or Solan Goofe, or, as they fome times 
 named it, the Vegetable Goofe. But the 
 Error of their Conjedtures has long been 
 difeovered ; the Barnacle is found to be 
 a Shell Fifh, which might fix itfelf to 
 thofe Branches of Trees that chanced to 
 be under Water j and the Solan Goofe is 
 now known to breed like other Water 
 Fowls in the Northern Climates. It was 
 once thought, that Jamaica produced a 
 Tree which bore Oyfters, a Miftake of 
 the like Kind with that already men- 
 tioned. We fhould be flow in giving 
 Credit to whatever appears to be out of 
 the natural Courfe of Things. 
 
 Under this Title is to be feen the Sol- 
 dier, or Hermit Crab from Jamaica . The 
 Inftindl of this little Animal is furpri- 
 
 zin g; 
 
[ 1 68 J 
 
 zino- • it le or the Crab Kind, but not 
 fatisfied with the cruftaceous Covering 
 Nature has given it, it feizes the firft 
 unoccupied Shell it meets with, proper 
 for its Purpofe, (fome have laid that it 
 will even drive the Fifh out of it) and 
 fixing itfelf firmly in it, drags it about as 
 lono- as it lives, unlefs it fhould find an- 
 other more to its Mind. 
 
 We find in this Room two Specimens 
 of Fern of a very particular Kind •, it is 
 produced in the Ifiand of St. Helena , and 
 in fome Parts of South America ; it grows 
 very frequently to the Size of tolerable 
 large Timber, and is fometimes applied 
 to the Ufes for which Timber is va- 
 luable. 
 
 Over the Repofitories are difpofed in 
 Order, a great Number of Sea Produc- 
 tions, of the Coral Kind, as Sea Fans, Sea 
 Willows, &c. and fome large Shells, as 
 Conchs, Buccina, iSc. together with a 
 few of that Kind called Pinna Marina , 
 which are a very large Species of Mufcle, 
 
 found 
 
[ i6g ] 
 
 found only in the Sea, chiefly in the 
 
 Mediterranean . 
 
 The three fmall Tables we mull not: 
 pafs over in Silence. The firft contains 
 fome Shells finely polifhed and carvecj in. 
 embofTed Work ; the Figures on them 
 are lively, and they are upon the whole 
 remarkably elegant and beautiful, having 
 greatly the Appearance of Mother of 
 Pearl. 
 
 Some Cameos cut in Shells, and many 
 more in Onyxes, Sardonyxes, Cryftals^ 
 Hyacinths, and other precious Stones. 
 
 Some Intaglios in Jafpers, &c. 
 
 Several Rings fet with Cameos, others 
 Vrith Intaglios of the Stones above men- 
 tioned ; and many antique Rings and 
 Seals, and fome Beads made of carved 
 Fruit Stones. 
 
 In the fecond of the fmall Tables are 
 preferred feveral very curious Models, 
 finely executed by Simons> the famous 
 Engraver. 
 
 I 
 
 A fmall 
 
[ 170 ] 
 
 A fmall Half-length of Sir Thomas 
 Grefham„ neatly carved in Wood in Re- 
 lievo. 
 
 Many Impreflions taken in Glafs Pafle 
 from antique Seals. 
 
 A Number of Impreflions taken in 
 Sulphur, from the Seals, Gems, and car- 
 ved Stones in the King of France's Cabi- 
 net. They are a very curious Collection, 
 the Subjects chiefly hiftorical. 
 
 The third fmall Table is entirely filled 
 with the Remainder of the Impreflions 
 from the King of France's Cabinet. 
 
 The Reader muft now be conducted 
 to the firft of the large Tables, which 
 contains a great Number of InfeCts of 
 various Kinds ; thofe that firft occur, 
 are fuch as have moveable cruftaceous 
 Shields to guard their Wings. 
 
 Scarabs, Beetles. Thefe are a large 
 Family of InfeCts, and are divided, by 
 Authors who have treated on the SubjeCt, 
 into feveral Gaffes - 9 fome of them have 
 iuminated Antennas, others fharp pointed ■, 
 
 in 
 
L ] 
 
 in many Kinds, the outer Cafes or Shields 
 for the Wings are perfedt ; in others, 
 only covering a part of the Body. In a 
 few, the Antennas are inferted in a Kind 
 Ptobofcis, 01 Trunk, and fome have 
 pointed Inftruments at their Head. The 
 feveral Kinds are difpofed under the Ti- 
 tles that follow. Under this general 
 Title are found the Elephant Beetle, the 
 Rhinoceros Beetle, from the Eajl and 
 Weft Indies , the Cervus Volans , or Stag 
 Beetle, round in EJfex , and fome other 
 Counties. It is a very curious Infedt, of 
 a black ifh Colour ; the Horns are near 
 an inch and a half in length when full 
 grown, and fome what refemble thofe of 
 a Stag ; they can clofe the Points, and 
 ufe them as a Crab does its Claws : near 
 the Eyes are two Pair of Antenme, the 
 Males are fmaller than the Females. The 
 Unicorn Beetle, and many others, are 
 preferved as curious Specimens. 
 
 Eermejles , W ood Beetles, are a Kind 
 of Scarabasus, which are particularly di- 
 i 2 ftinguifhed 
 
[ * 7 * ] 
 
 ftinguilhed by having clavated Antennae. 
 Among the Specimens are the fpotted 
 winged black Dermeftis, the red legged 
 black, and the hairy Dermeftis. 
 
 Caffidte, Tortoife Beetles. A fmall 
 Species of the Scarabasus, with the Head 
 lefs prominent and viftble than in either 
 of the former. The Tortoife Cafiida, the 
 feveral Kinds of black Cafiidae with more 
 or lefs Striae on the outward Wings, and 
 the green Cafiida found in Gardens, are 
 to be looked for under this Title. 
 
 CoccinelU , Specimens of Lady Birds, 
 or Lady Cows, as they are often called, 
 variegated, and properly diftinguiftied. 
 This lifted is named Hemifphteria by Dr. 
 Hill 
 
 ChryfomeU, a fmall Beetle with beaded 
 Antennae, thickeft towards the Extremi- 
 ty ; the Body is of an oval Form, the 
 Thorax oblong and rounded. Some of 
 them are of a black iftt Colour, varioufly 
 fpotted or ftriated, others green, yellow- 
 ilh, or entirely brown. 
 
 CurculioneSy 
 
[ »73 ] 
 
 Curculiones , A Kind of Beetle, with 
 Antennas projecting from the End of a 
 Trunk, or Probofcis. The common 
 brown, the fhining brown, the purple and 
 black Curculiones, and the Weevil, which 
 deftroys fo much Corn in Granaries, are 
 of this Kind. 
 
 Cerambices , Capricorn Beetles, are a Beetle 
 with very long (lender-jointed Antennae ge- 
 nerally hanging over the Back ; they have 
 long and (lender Bodies, and are fond of 
 Places in the Neighbourhood of Rivers. 
 The great fweet fmelling Capricorn or 
 Mufk Beetle, by feme Authors more 
 particularly called Cerambyx, is a mod 
 beautiful InfeCt ; the others are of vari- 
 ous Colours, as grey, black, brown, gold- 
 coloured, and fome of a very beautiful 
 Violet Colour. The Capricorn Beetle is 
 a curious Specimen. 
 
 Leptura ?, have four Wings, with An- 
 tennse oblong, (lender, and fetaceousj 
 the exterior Wings are truncated at the 
 Extremity, and the Thorax is of a fub- 
 I 3 cylindric 
 
[ *74 1 
 
 cylindric Figure ; they are generally 
 efteemed a Kind of Beetle, and are black, 
 Copper-coloured, red, &c. 
 
 Ditifci , W ater Beetles, have fetaceous 
 Antennse, and their Feet formed for 
 fwimming. The common Water Beetle, 
 the large black Water Beetle, the brown 
 W ater Beetle with prominent Eyes, the 
 fmall brown Water Beetle, and others, 
 are comprehended under this Title. 
 
 Bupreftes,, are of the Nature of Can- 
 tharides, or Spanifh Flies, are Inhabitants 
 of the Water chiefly, have the Flead in 
 part concealed, a very ftinking Smell, 
 and bite feverely. They are faid to do 
 great Injury to fuch Cattle as chance in 
 feeding to eat them. Of thefe the moft 
 curious is the light green Bupreftis with 
 yellowifli green ftriated Wings : the large 
 black Bupreftis, or Tree Beetle, and the 
 fmall black Bupreftis, are of this Kind. 
 
 Elatri , have a Body of an oblong flat- 
 ted Figure, the Head nicely joined to the 
 Shoulders, and Legs very fhort and flen- 
 
 der. 
 
der. The Elater, if laid on its Back, 
 has a Power of fkipping to a confiderable 
 Diftance. Some of them are black, others 
 of a changeable Brafs Colour, &c. 
 
 Staphilini , are a large and long black 
 Beetle, with Bender beaded Antennas, 
 the exterior Wings dimidiated and Ihort, 
 a jfharp Fork at its Tail, and two Veficles 
 juft above it, the Body almoft naked, and 
 is nimble, and very voracious. The 
 brown Staphilinus with blue Wings is a 
 curious Infeft ; a Number of them are 
 black, but diftinguifhed one from the 
 other, either by the Legs, or by the Co- 
 lour of the interior Wings. 
 
 Blatta , Mill Beetles, have long Ben- 
 der Antennas in continual Motion, and 
 ufually two Spines at the Tail : The 
 Males have Wings, and are fmaller than 
 the Females. The yellow Blatta, a Na- 
 tive of the Northern Countries, where it 
 feeds on the dried Fifti, and a very large 
 Kind from Jamaica , are of this Species. 
 
 I 4 Grylliy 
 
t »76 ] 
 
 Grylli, Crickets, refemble a Locuft. 
 The Antennae of the Cricket has no Ar- 
 ticulations. In this Clafs Limans ranks 
 the Cicadas and Mantes. The common j 
 Floufe Cricket, the Field Cricket, and 
 the great brown Cricket, are all that need 
 be mentioned, if we except the Mole 
 Cricket, found in fome Parts of England , 
 which is a remarkable Infed. 
 
 LocuJLt . , Locufls, are remarkable for 
 their hinder Legs, which are long, and 
 made for leaping. They have articulated 
 Antennae, very flexile, the opter Wings 
 brown, the inner membranaceous, tran- 
 iparent, and reticulated. The large com- 
 mon Locuft, the Grafhopper, and the 
 Spanijh Locuft, are 6f this Species, 
 
 Mantes are of the fame Kind. Among 
 thefe we muft reckon the common prey- 
 ing Locuft, the large brown Mantis, the 
 flat fhaped Mantis, and the long winged 
 Mantis. Under this Title are, befldes, 
 fome very curious Specimens of what are 
 called in the Indies Walking Leaves, or 
 
 Moving 
 
[.' *77 3 
 
 Moving Sticks, from the Refemblance 
 their Wings have to the Leaves of Trees, 
 and their Bodies to a Piece of Stick j 
 thefe are a very wonderful Kind of Infe6t, 
 and worthy particular Remark. 
 
 Cicada , Balm Crickets, or Harveft 
 Flies. They have four membranaceous, 
 and no outer Wings, have large Heads, 
 and in their whole Form are not unlike 
 that Kind of Fly which is vulgarly called 
 a Drone, but very much larger, the 
 fmaller Kinds being larger than the Hor- 
 net. They make a Noife like a Cricket, 
 and are very numerous in the Southern 
 Parts of France and Italy , but we have 
 them not in Fngland. The Specimens 
 are of various Colours and Sizes. 
 
 Cimices , have a fmall Head, Shoulders 
 of an angular Make, Wings partly crufta- 
 ceous, partly membranaceous *, they have 
 a long Probofcis, which is bent under 
 the Belly, and always lies ftrait, not in a 
 fpiral Form : They are of feveral diftin- 
 I 5 guifhed 
 
[ » 7 8 1 
 
 guifhed Kinds, and of different Cblours, 
 as green, grey, black, red, &V. 
 
 Not one Boat Flies, a Water Infedt. 
 
 Some Kinds have the Antennae fhorter 
 than the Thorax, others have none ; the 
 hinder Legs are formed for fwimming, 
 and fome Kinds fwim on their Backs. It 
 is only neceffary to mention here the 
 common Boat Fly, the fmall Boat Fly, the 
 large black Notone&a, a Native of the 
 Eaft Indies , and a brown Notonedta. 
 
 Nep<e, Water Scorpions, have four 
 Wings, each of the fore Feet armed with 
 a Forceps, in Shape like a Crab’s Claw. 
 
 It is a thin and light Infed, yet a flow ■ 
 Mover ; its Head is fmall, and has a 
 fmall Probofcis ; the Body on the Back 
 is of a red Lead Colour, but a dufky 
 brown on the Belly, and is covered with 
 a kind of Scales ; the Tail is long and 
 Ilraight, compofed of two tender Fibres, 
 which it feldom feperates : it lives among 
 the Weeds in clear Handing Waters. 
 
 Cocci , 
 
[ J79 ] 
 
 Cocci , Cochineal, is a fmall Fly that 
 feeds and breeds on the Leaf of the In- 
 dian Fig. This Infed, when dried and 
 fent to Europe , is of great Ufe in dying. 
 Linnaus mentions many other Kinds feed- 
 ing on various Trees. 
 
 We muft now in Courfe proceed to 
 the other great Table, where the Infeds 
 are continued. 
 
 Phryganea, are a Kind of fmall Fly, 
 not unlike the Gnat, but they have four 
 reticulated Wings, which are incumbent, 
 and have four Tentacula, or Feelers, two 
 on each Side. The black Kinds are va- 
 rious, and fome are of other Colours. Un- 
 der this Title is the Ephemeron, whofe 
 whole Extent of Life is but a few 
 Hours. 
 
 Ubellula^ Dragon Flies, or Adder 
 Flies, are a beautiful Infed, with a long 
 various Coloured Body, and large reticu- 
 lated Wings i many of them in Colour 
 incline to green or yellow, and fome 
 black, or greyiih. 
 
 I 6 Tapi^ 
 
[ iSo ] 
 
 Papiliones , Butterflies, have either but- 
 toned Antennae, clavated Antennae, or 
 gradually diminilhing, and terminated by 
 an oval Head. They are divided into 
 feven Clafles, each of which contain a 
 great Variety of Species. A very great 
 Number of Specimens from different 
 Parts of the World, curious and beauti- 
 ful, are here preferved ; fome were 
 caught at home. The moft remarkable 
 among them are, a fine green Fly, the 
 Mother of Pearl, the Owl and the Pea- 
 cock from the Eaji Indies , and a remark- 
 able fine purple Fly from the JVeft Indies . 
 The Ladies may arnufe themfelves with 
 looking at the great Variety here ex- 
 hibited. 
 
 Phalen a?. Moths, have either prifmatic 
 Antennae of an equal Thicknefs almofl 
 their whole Length, conic Antennae, gra- 
 dually diminifhing to a Point, or bearded 
 Antennae ; and fome of them have 
 Trunks, others none. They are a Kind 
 of no&urnal Butterfly, flying only in the 
 
 Night, 
 
t *8* ] 
 
 Night, and are more numerous than 
 thofe properly called Butterflies, and are, 
 like them, divided into feven Gaffes. 
 Some of them fill the Remainder of this 
 Table, the reft being in the Infe<ft Table 
 in the next Room. Many of the Speci- 
 mens are very large, particularly thofe 
 from South America. 
 
 COLLECTIO SLOANIANA. 
 
 We now enter upon another Room, 
 where, fbr the Sake of Regularity, I fhall 
 proceed to finifh my Remarks on the 
 Infects contained in the great Table. 
 
 • Phalen^e. Under this Title are the 
 Remainder of the Moths. 
 
 Fenthre dines. This Kind of Infe6b is by 
 the French named Mouche a Scie , from its 
 having a ferrated Weapon, or Sting. In 
 Shape it is like a Bee, but in Colour ge- 
 nerally refembles a Wafp. It is a very 
 gregarious Animal, but makes no Honey, 
 tho* whole Swarms live together : it loves 
 to be among Meat, as in Kitchens, and 
 
 Lar- 
 
Larders, They differ much in Size, 
 fome Specimens being very fmall. 
 
 Ichneumones. This Fly has two reticu- 
 lated Wings, (lender Antennas, no Pro- 
 bofcis or Trunk, a long (lender Body, 
 and two or three Filaments affixed to its 
 Tail Their Colour is various, as black, 
 yellow, and fome Specimens are 
 
 large. 
 
 Vefp<e, Wafps. This Infedt has four 
 Wings and fix Feet, his Body is yellow, 
 with black triangular Spots. The com- 
 mon Wafp breeds in the Ground. We 
 may here mention the Ichneumon Wafp, 
 which is a fmall Kind, with a very (len- 
 der Body. They live in Holes of Mud 
 Walls. The Hornet refembles the Wafp, 
 but is twice as large, and the Head of a 
 longer and (lenderer Shape, and the Eyes 
 formed fomewhat like a Half-moon. 
 Here are various Specimens of the Wafp 
 of different Colours and Sizes. 
 
 Apes , Bees. The Specimens are nume- 
 rous of this ufeful Infedt *, fome are very 
 
 fmall. 
 
[ ] 
 
 fmall, others hairy, and a few black. Here 
 we rnufl mention the Humble Bees, the 
 Bodies of which are for the molt part 
 black, differing chiefly one from the other 
 in the Colour of their Tails. 
 
 Formica , Ants. Nothing need be faid 
 of thefe, but that the Females and Mules 
 have hidden Stings, the Males and Fe- 
 males Wings, the Mules none. They are 
 of many Kinds, as the common Ants with 
 Wings, the red Ant, the great American 
 red and black Ants, the little black Ant, 
 and the great Wood Ant. 
 
 Fabani , Horfe Flies, have but two 
 Wings, and are of various Colours, as 
 black, brown, yellow, 
 
 CEftri , Gad Flies, or Breeze Flies. Thefe 
 have green Heads, and yellowifh Bodies, 
 large Eyes, and a long Trunk ; they fly 
 fwiftly, and without Noife j they are met 
 with in the Neighbourhood of Waters. 
 The large black and yellow Gad Fly, and 
 the fmall Breeze Fly are of this Kind. 
 Mufca, Flies. Here are to be found 
 
 a 
 
[ 1$4 5 
 
 a great many Specimens of Flies, com- 
 mon enough •, feveral white winged Flies, 
 fome hairy, and others variegated with 
 black and yellow, or blue and green, and 
 many entirely black or yellow muft here 
 be mentioned. 
 
 Culices , Gnats, a troublefome In fed, 
 too well known from its fevere Hinging. 
 Some of the Specimens here fhewn re- 
 femble the Molketo Fly of Jamaica , and 
 the Weft Indies. 
 
 Aranea , (Infers without Wings) All 
 Spiders have a Weapon iffuing out of 
 their Mouth, are covered with a Sort of 
 cruftaceous Coat,but it is tender and brittle, 
 have two Antennae, compofed of a Num- 
 ber of Joints, the Head fixed to the 
 Shoulders, and have eight legs; in the 
 reft they differ. Here are many Speci- 
 mens, and among the reft, the Italian 
 and Weft Indian Tarantula. 
 
 Onifciy Wood Lice, or Millepedes. This 
 Infe<ft is fometimes called Afellus ; they 
 a^e divided into feven Species, fome rare ; 
 
 one 
 
 
[ 1*5 3 
 
 one Kind from Cornwall has long An- 
 tennas, is near an Inch in Length, and 
 diftinguifhed from the other Kinds by the 
 Shape of its Tail, which is a flat Lamina 
 with three Points. 
 
 Scorpiones , Scorpions of different Sorts 
 from various Parts of the World, differing 
 in Size. 
 
 lull , Gally-worms, are a Kind of Infedl 
 with a long Body, compofed of a great 
 Number of Rings, with many fmall Feet 
 and beaded Antennse ; they are generally 
 of a ferrugenous dufky or blackilh Colour, 
 living for the moft part under Ground, 
 and when touched will roll themfelves in 
 a Ball. 
 
 Scolopendr*, feveral Specimens of the 
 Centipes from America and elfewhere ; 
 they have (lender and long Bodies, very 
 fmooth, and of a yellowifli or reddifli Co- 
 lour, furnifhed with a great Number of 
 Legs, two long Antennas, and a bifid 
 Tail. The Bite of this Infed is faid to 
 
 be 
 
be almofl as dangerous as that of the 
 Scorpion. 
 
 Aurelia Aurelias, or Chryfalifes of fe- 
 veral Species of Infers. 
 
 Vermes , a mifcellaneous Collection of 
 Worms. 
 
 Nidi Infettorum , fome Nells of Infects, 
 as Spiders, Betties, Locufls, &V. 
 
 Nidi Serici , Coccoons of Silkworms. 
 Under this Title is a Ribbon made of Spi- 
 ders Web, and fome Silk of the fame. 
 
 Teftudines , Tortoifes and Turtles of the 
 fmaller Sizes, finely variegated, and ful- 
 cated in their Shells. 
 
 Avium Partes, Parts of Birds; they con - 
 fill of Heads, Beaks, Talons, Legs, Quills, 
 Particularly to be noticed are fome 
 Heads of the Rhinoceros Bird : This Bird 
 is a Species of Indian Raven, is very ugly, 
 and has a rank Smell ; it is larger than 
 our Raven, its Neck and Head thick, 
 has large Eyes, and its Beak is bent like 
 a Bow, having a large and thick Horn 
 like protuberance on its upper Part ; the 
 
 Beak 
 
Beak is of a yellowifh White below ; above 
 towards the Head of a fine gay Red j the 
 upper Chap is ferrated. The Beak of a 
 Toucan, or Brazil Pye : This Bird is of 
 a middle Size, between the common Mag- 
 pie and the Thrufh ; it has a Beak thicker 
 and longer than its whole Body, hooked 
 at the End, and of a very thin light Sub- 
 ftance, yet bony, with a fort of toothed 
 Edge ; its Head is large in Proportion to 
 the Body, black on the Crown, the reft: 
 of it with the Neck and Back flightly 
 variegated with White ; the Breaft is 
 orange coloured, Belly and Thighs bright 
 Red, Tail black, but red at the End, 
 The Beak of a Spoonbill, or Platea, a long 
 necked Bird, approaching to the Nature 
 of the Stork or Heron ; its Beak is dif- 
 ferent from all other Birds, being broadeft 
 at the Extremity, and terminating in a 
 large rounded flat Procefs ; the Bird is all 
 over white, except the Wings, which have 
 fome Black j it builds in high Trees in 
 Holland : And fome Quills of the Condor 
 
[ 188 ] 
 
 are preferved here *, a Bird of fuch a pro- 
 digious Size and Strength, as to be able 
 to carry a Sheep through the Air in its 
 T alons. So many wonderful Things have 
 been faid of the Condor, that it was long 
 doubted whether there was fuch a Bird in 
 Nature : It is not known in Europe , nor 
 is it frequent in any Part of the World, 
 but has been feen in Peru and CM/, in 
 South America. 
 
 Pifcium Partes , Parts of Filh, conftft 
 of Jaws, Palates, Teeth, Back-bones, Fins, 
 &c. of various Kinds of Fifh. 
 
 On the Shelves round this Room are a 
 great Number and Variety of Articles, 
 preferved in Spirits, from the animal and 
 vegetable Kingdoms : They are, like ihe 
 reft of this noble Collection, curious, and 
 worthy of very particular Obfervation ; 
 yet, it is neceffary my Remarks on them 
 fliould be but Ihort. The firft Title that 
 prefents itfelf to our View, is 
 
 Quadrupedia , Quadrupeds. Among 
 thefe I Ihall only mention a fey? Speci- 
 mens v 
 
[ ^9 ] 
 
 mens ; as, the. Armadillo , called by the 
 Natives Tatu^ a little Animal covered over 
 with hard Scales, like a Sort of Armour ; 
 in its Head and Snout it refembles a Pig, 
 has the Feet of a Hedgehog, and is a 
 great Deftroyer of Sugar Canes in the 
 Brazils. The Sloth , called Haii by the 
 Natives of Brazil ■, of this Animal many 
 Stories are told, as that it is a whole Day 
 walking a few Yards ; that it will grow 
 fat when it has got into a Tree, but having 
 confumed all the Food the Tree afforded, 
 it will be nearly ftarved before it can get 
 to another ; if it is hurt, it makes a Noife 
 like the crying of a Child, and even fheds 
 Tears ; his fore Legs are double his 
 hinder in length : It is a very inoffenfive 
 and harmlefs, but not a very handfome 
 Animal. The Terbua , a Kind of beautiful 
 Field Moufe , with a very long Tail and 
 hinder Legs, on which it generally walks 
 ered. Several Kinds of Monkeys. The 
 flying Squirel , frequent in Virginia , which 
 has a Membrane reaching from the fore to 
 
 the 
 
[ igo ] 
 
 the hinder Legs, of the Nature of a Bat’s 
 Wing, and ferving for the Ufe of flying 
 from Tree to Tree, which it will do, 
 though they are at a confiderable Diftance. 
 Some Bats of various Kinds. A Hedge- 
 hog ; and the Opojfum , an Animal, which, 
 in Cafe of Danger, protedts its Young in 
 a Cavity under its Belly ; it is about the 
 Size of a large Cat, Head like a Fox, 
 lharpNofe, fmall Teeth, two long before 
 like a Hare, fmall Eyes, long fmooth eredt 
 Ears, black Whilkers; its Tail is round, 
 about a Foot long ; it frequently hangs to 
 Branches of Trees by it; its hinder Feet 
 longer than the fore ones; five Toes, re- 
 femble a Monkeys ; on the Back it is 
 blackilh, mixed with brown and grey, 
 and yellowifh on the Belly. ' . 
 
 Under this Title are a great Number 
 of Foetus's of different Animals, and fome 
 unnatural Productions , among which is the 
 Cyclops Pig , having only one Eye, and that 
 in the Middle of the Forehead. 
 
 Aves, 
 
[ I 9 I ] 
 
 Aves , Birds. We find here a great 
 Number and Variety of Englijh and foreign 
 Birds, brought from all Countries, and 
 preferved in Spirits. Among thefe I fhall 
 firfl mention the King Fijher , a very beauti- 
 ful Bird, approaching in many Things to 
 the Woodpecker, but that it has not two 
 Toes behind ; the Legs of this Bird are 
 very fhort, black before and red behind ; 
 its general Colours are green and blue, 
 and are very bright and beautiful. The 
 Wheat Ear> which is fomewhat larger than 
 the common Sparrow •, its Head and Back 
 is of a greyifh Colour mixt with red *, the 
 Belly is whitifh with a glow of red ; the 
 Throat redder than the Belly; its Beak 
 is black, flender, and ftraight ; they are 
 by fome called the Englijh Ortolan, fo 
 much are they efteemed at Table. The 
 Crofsbill is about the Size and Shape of 
 a Greenfinch ; its Beak is hard, thick, 
 flrong, and black ; both Parts of it are 
 crooked, fo that the Points crofs ; its 
 Head and Back are variegated with black 
 
 and 
 
and green •, the Rump and Breaft arc 
 green, the Throat grey, the Belly white, 
 the Wings and Tail black and green ; it i 
 feeds on Seeds and Kernels of Fruit. 
 There are feveral Specimens of Humming 
 Birds , it makes a^Noife in flying like the 
 Humming of a Bee, and with its little | 
 Beak, which exceeds not the Size of a j 
 Needle, fucks the Juice out of Flowers I 
 as it flies *, it is the fmalleft of all Birds, 
 but of the moft beautiful and lively Co- 
 lours ; there are feveral Kinds of them of 
 various Sizes, fome fo fmall as to weigh ' 
 no more than the tenth Part of an Ounce ; 
 the Indians make very curious Pictures of I 
 its Feathers •, the Leg and Foot together 1 
 meafure but half an Inch, its whole Trunk 
 not an Inch. We mud next mention ! 
 fome Birds of the Titmoufe Kind, as the j 
 Blackcap , the Blue Titmoufe or Nun , and the 
 Blue American Titmoufe , called in Brafil : 
 Guizacenoia in this laft the Head, Throat, 
 Breaft, Belly, and the lower Part of the 
 Beak are of a fine blue, the Neck and 
 
[ r 93 1 
 
 Tail black, the Legs brown, and the 
 Wings black, variegated with blue. 
 Among the Specimens here preferved, 
 the Reader will find a great Number of 
 others no lefs curious, and fome unnatu- 
 ral Produ&ions, as a Gofiing with three 
 Legs, &c. &c. 
 
 Reptilia. Amphibia. Serpentia. 
 
 In thefe three Repofitories are many 
 amphibious Animals in Spirits. Among 
 them are Frogs , Foods, particularly the 
 Carolina and Full Frog , and the Surinam 
 Foad, whofe Young are produced out of 
 its Back ; iomt young Crocodiles, Allegators , 
 Guanas , Camel eons. Salamanders , the flying 
 Lizard , and other Kinds of Lizards. 
 
 The Serpents confift of Snakes, Slow - 
 worms. Vipers, Adders, Rattle-flnakes , Aflps, 
 Hooded flnakes, Coach-whip-fnakes, fo called 
 from their extreme Length and Slender- 
 nefs, and fome Amphijbana, a Kind of 
 Serpent, whofe Head can fcarcely be dif- 
 tinguilhed from the Tail, they moving 
 K both 
 
[ i94 ] 
 
 both Ways, forward and retrograde ; they 
 are brought from South America , and here 
 prefer ved in Spirits. 
 
 Pifces , Fifh of many Kinds in Spirits, 
 and among others the Hippocampus , or Sea 
 
 ' 
 
 Horfe ; the flying Fifli j the Remora , for- 
 merly thought able to flop a Ship under 
 Sail ; Pearl Oyflers , the John Doree, the 
 Sea Polipus , Barnacles , and many others, 
 too numerous to take notice of. 
 
 Inflefia, Infe&s. Many Kinds of Cater- 
 pillars . , Beetles , Locufts , Centipes , Scorpions , 
 Spiders , and Worms from human Bodies. 
 
 Vegetabilia , Vegetables. Thefe confift 
 chiefly of foreign Fruits preferved in Spi- 
 rits, and fome of our own Produce, but 
 of an uncommon Form. There are alfo 
 under this Title a Colle&ion of 0//r, ifo/- j 
 and other chemical Preparations , ex- 
 tracted /row Vegetables , chiefly the Growth 
 of the Eafl Indies. 
 
 In different Parts of this Room on the 
 Wainfcot over the Repofitories, &tV. are J 
 
 fome dried Animals , and of 
 
 others, 
 
t 195 ] 
 
 others, particularly fome large Bats, turtles 
 and Tortoifes , Sharks Jaws , more Heads 
 and Beaks of Birds , a very large Jluffed 
 Snake’s Skin from Surinam in the Weft 
 Indies , the Skin of a fcaly Lizard , 
 fome Lizards , Guanas , and the 
 0/ <2# yf#/ ; a Flamingo , a young wild 
 Boar , a Porcupine , Armadillos , an Owz 
 Out on, ox wild Man of the Mountains \ the 
 Head of a Sea Horfe, Jaws of Fifth, and 
 fome Crocodiles. 
 
 Here are a great Variety of Horns of 
 different Animals , particularly the foffil 
 Horns of Moufe Deer , found in the Bogs 
 of Ireland, very large j Horns of Elks , 
 the Rhinoceros, Rein Deer , Antelope, and 
 Chamoife. Sir Hans Sloane’ s famous horned 
 Owl fluffed. Some Birds fluffed, placed in 
 Glafs Frames ; particularly a Bird of Pa- 
 radife, fome Humming Birds, Manakeens , 
 fome of the Titmoufe Kind, a Virginia 
 Nightingale, and a Tropic Bird : And there 
 fome Portraits of feveral Kind of Birds 
 taken from the Life. 
 
 K 2 
 
 In 
 
[ ‘96 ] 
 
 In a large Cabinet are depofited a great 
 many dried Fifh, brought from various 
 Parts of the World j among other Speci- 
 mens are a fmall Saw Fifli , the Head of a 
 Sword Fifli , fome flying Fifli , a Dolphin , 
 a Sturgeon , a patfg Shark, a Porcupine Fifli, 
 a Torpedo, or Cramp Fifli, &c. 
 
 Over this Cabinet is a fluffed Emeu, or 
 Caffowary , a Balearic Crane, or Crazes Rz'ri, 
 an Eagle, and a Vultur. 
 
 There remains nothing more to be men- 
 tioned in this Room, but the Skeleton of a 
 very young Whale, fome Horns of the Uni- 
 corn Fifli, the Head and Paws of the Wal- 
 rofs, ufually called the Sea Lion, and the 
 Snouts of the Saw and Sword Fifli . 
 
 We now enter upon the laft Room of 
 this Department, which is filled with Pro- 
 ductions of Art, difpofed in feveral Cabi- 
 nets^ the Articles are indeed very nume- 
 rous, and would require a Volume to give 
 a Defcription of them alone •, my Re- 
 marks on them will be but few. 
 
 In 
 
[ 1 97 ] 
 
 In the firft Cabinet is a Variety of little 
 Articles manufactured in Glafs, of different 
 Shapes, coloured, painted, and fpun Glafs •, 
 fome Cups , Difhes , and other Matters,, 
 made of Papier Mache , refembling China 
 Ware ; and other enameled and curioufly 
 manufactured Bagatelles. 
 
 In the next we muff remark fome Ar- 
 ticles in great Efteem among many Roman 
 Catholics , as Relics , Beads , &c. and fome 
 Models of f acred Buildings . - 
 
 We now come to the Utenfds and 
 Ornaments of the Indian Inhabitants of 
 the great Continent of North America , 
 as Feather Crowns , Necklaces , Knives , and 
 fome curious Contrivances for Combs, 
 Brufhes , &c. an Indian Scalp , and fome 
 Wampum. Thefe are a Sort of Shells, ufed 
 as Money among the Indians ; a String of 
 Wampum is made of Shells, formed into 
 fmall Cylinders of a quarter of an Inch 
 long, and fomewhat lefs over, ftrung in 
 great Numbers on long Strings ; it is 
 white and black, the meaneft is in fmgle 
 K 3 Strings, 
 
[ i9* 1 
 
 Strings, of which the white goes at five 
 Shillings a Fathom, the black ten, or by 
 Number, the white fix a Penny, the black 
 three. The next in Value is that which is 
 wove into Bracelets, about three quarters 
 of a Yard long, black and white in Stripes, 
 fix Pieces in a Row, the Warp is Leather 
 Thongs, the Woof Thread. The molt 
 valuable of all is that wove into Girdles, 
 thefe confift of many Rows black and 
 white, woven into Squares and other Fi- 
 gures •, thefe are ufed in their great Pay- 
 ments, they make their nobleft Prefents 
 of them, or lay them up as Treafure. 
 Here is alfo fome Cajfada Bread , or Cajjavi , 
 this is made of the Root of a Plant called 
 Yucca, Manioc, or Manihot * the Juice 
 of the Root is poifonous, but the dry 
 Powder of it nourilhing and wholefome. 
 The Indians in making it rafp the Roots, 
 prefs out the Juice in Bags, and dry the 
 remaining Matter over the Fire ; they 
 then make it into Cakes, which are either 
 dried in the Sun or otherways ; when 
 
 thefe 
 
[ 1 99 ] 
 
 thefe Cakes are thick they are called 
 Caflavi, or Caflfa'da, and ferve the poorer 
 Sort ; the thinner are eaten by the Rich, 
 and called Seiam. 
 
 In another Cabinet are European Pro- 
 ductions of Art, as fome fmall Cabinet s. 
 Figures in Bronze, and feveral Ivory ana- 
 tomical Reprefentations of Skulls , Eyes, 
 Ears, &c. and fome fine Work of Furriery 
 and Carving . 
 
 We next fee fome Japan Idols very fmall, 
 many cut out of Almonds, and even Grains 
 of Rice ; Eafi India Money •, fome Chinefe 
 Figures of their Gods, Men , and Beafts, 
 made after their Fancy, and dreffed in 
 their Fafhions, Part of them in Bronze, 
 the reft chiefly in Rice Pafie, called Congee. 
 
 The Model of a Palanquin , a Kind of 
 Chair of State in which the Grandees of 
 the Eaft are carried on Mens Shoulders ; 
 Cards, Dice, and other Bagatelles Forks, 
 ChopJlicks,Backfcratchers,Steelyards , W lights, 
 and Beads for cafting up their Accompts, 
 called Schwampam. 
 
 K 4 
 
 Some 
 
[ 2 00 ] 
 
 Some China Paper , Womens Shoes , Pen - 
 made of Beetles , of all Colours, 
 
 Rulers, fmall japaned Vejfels , &c. 
 
 In the laft of the Cabinets that I fhall 
 mention particularly, are various Speci- 
 mens of curious earthen Ware , fome Por- 
 cellain Cups before they are burnt, in fome 
 Meafure fhewing the Nature of the Earth 
 they are made of; fome other Cups, which 
 they fay the Chinefe made of Englifti Gravel 
 which happened to be carried over in one 
 of our Ships ; and feveral Sorts of plain, 
 painted, and gilt China Ware of various 
 Shapes. 
 
 Under Glafs Bells are fome very curious 
 Pieces of W irk in Ivory , particularly one 
 made by the late Queen of Denmark. 
 The Flower Pots in Ivory are very fine. 
 
 Some Models of Chinefe Grottos ; a 
 Model of Captain Gilbert , made in China 
 of the fine earth. The Root of the 
 Tea Plant mull be noticed in this Place ; 
 this Plant grows in the feveral Provinces 
 
 of 
 
[ 201 ] 
 
 of China , Japan ^ and Siam, and affedts 
 a ffcony Soil in Vallies at the Feet of 
 Mountains-, the Root refembles that of 
 the Peach Tree, the Leaves are green, 
 longilh at the Point, narrow, better than 
 an Inch long, and jagged all round ; the 
 Flower like that of the wild Rofe ; the 
 Tree is of various Sizes, fometimes very 
 large, at others a mere Shrub of the 
 fmalleft Kind. 
 
 Here are alfo fome Pieces of Sculpture , 
 as King William , and King George the 
 Firft, cut in Walnut Shells and in Ivory; 
 the Head of Baker , who wrote the Chro- 
 nicle ; alfo an Impreflion of Oliver Crom- 
 well’s Seal -, Paintings at large , in Minia- 
 ture and Enamel -, as a Man that had an 
 Excrefcence , or Wen , in Form of a Head 
 growing out of his left Breaft. 
 
 A Cyclops Pig . 
 
 A Woman who had two horny Subjlances 
 grew out of the back Part of her Head 
 one of the Horns is kept in fome of the 
 K 5 Cabinets 
 
[ 202 ] 
 
 Cabinets in this Room. A Pi&ure of the 
 fame Woman and another Horn are fhewn 
 at Oxford. 
 
 'Thomas Briton , the mufical Small-coaU 
 wan. A black Whale, and a Buffalo. 
 
 Several Drawings in Miniature, com- 
 pofed of very fmall writing, particularly 
 two Heads, one of Queen Ann , the other 
 of Prince George of Denmark , faid to con- 
 tain a Number of Speeches in Parliament, 
 and Proclamations ; and alfo the Head 
 of the Duke of Gloucejler done in the 
 fame Manner. 
 
 Infers and Reptiles. 
 
 A Plantation of Cochineal , with the 
 People gathering and drying it. 
 
 Several Flowers and Plants. 
 
 We have now done with our Remarks 
 on this fecond Department. In our Way 
 to the next, we are led down the back 
 Stairs, where we mult take notice of two 
 Canoes , the one brought from America , 
 the other from Greenland , differing both 
 
 in 
 
[ 203 ] 
 
 in Form and Materials : the firft is very 
 ingenioufly covered with the Bark of a 
 Kind of Birch Tree, which is fixed to 
 fmall Ribs on the infide •, the whole Boat 
 is remarkably light, infomuch that two 
 Men may eafily carry it many Miles from 
 one Lake or River to another, which is 
 very necefiary in A vnsYtcci^ on Account of 
 the great Falls. The other Canoe is en- 
 tirely covered with Seals Skins, at a Di- 
 ftance bearing fome Refemblance to 
 Parchment j the upper Part of it is as 
 it were decked with the fame IVlateiials, 
 there being only a fmall Plole left open 
 in the middle for the Man to fit in and 
 manage his Paddle. 
 
 On the Wainfcot going down thefe 
 Stairs, is a large Piece of Painting, re- 
 prefenting feveral Kinds of dead Game. 
 
 K 6 
 
 SEC- 
 
[ 20 5 } 
 
 laft, which- Major Edwards gave by his 
 Will to the Public, with a Generality 
 worthy of Imitation. It is joined to the 
 Cotton Library, and depofited in this 
 Room, as a laft mg Monument 'of his 
 Genius and public Spirit. 
 
 Bibliotheca Sloaniana. I. 
 
 In this Room are preferved Part of 
 Sir Hans Stoane's Library, confifting of 
 Books of Phyfic, Pharmacy, Anatomy, 
 Surgery, Chemiftry, &c. 
 
 Bibliotheca Sloaniana. II. 
 
 Another Part of Sir Elans Slcane's Li- 
 brary, Natural Hiftory, Herbaria, Hor- 
 tus Siccus. Here are many Drawings, 
 perhaps the fineft: that are to be feen in 
 the World. The Reader muft particu- 
 larly admire a Book containing fome 
 Drawings of Monf. Robert, Painter to 
 Louis the Fourteenth, King of France. 
 They conftft: of a great Number of Vege- 
 tables, curious Animals, Shells, and other 
 
 natural 
 
[ 20 6 ] 
 
 natural Produdtions, very elegantly drawn 
 and coloured from Nature, Sir Hans 
 Sloane paid this Artift fire Guineas for 
 doing each Leaf. We m jft alfo notice a 
 great many Drawings, elegantly coloured 
 from Nature by Madame Marian . They 
 confift of a great Variety cf Plants, with 
 the Infedts that feed on them, and fome 
 other Things. It is to be remarked, that 
 this Lady made a Voyage to Surinam , 
 and refided there fome Years, to perfedt 
 herfelf in the Knowledge cf Natural Hif/ ' 
 tory, and to make Drawing; of the Plants, 
 Fruits, and Infedts, which thofe warmer 
 Climates produce. In thisRoom are alfo 
 fome printed Books in tL Chinefe Lan- 
 guage. 
 
 Bibliotheca Sloajiana. III. 
 
 Here are many Books on philological 
 Subjedts, Grammars, Lexcons, Critics 
 Treadles on Rhetoric, Geography, fome 
 Travels, Journals, and Mifellanies. 
 
 Bibli- 
 
[ 207 ] 
 
 Bibliotheca Sloaniana. IV. 
 
 In this Part of Sir Hans Sloane’s Col- 
 lection are Hiftories of all Nations,^ an- 
 cient and modern ; fome Treatifes on 
 Chronology, Prints, Globes, and large 
 Maps of different Countries. 
 
 Bibliotheca Sloaniana. V. 
 
 This Room contains Treatifes on the 
 Arts and Sciences, Syftems of Philofo- ] 
 phy, Ethics, Aftronomy, Commerce, Phi- 
 loiophical TranfaCtions, 
 
 Bibliotheca Sloaniana. VI. 
 
 The remaining Part of Sir Hans 
 Sloane’s Colle&ion, being Books of Divi- 
 nity and Law. 
 
 Bibliotheca Regia. I. 
 
 In this next Room is depofited Part of 
 the Royal Library, which his late Majefty j 
 ordered to be here preferved for the Be- 
 nefit of the Public. It confifts of the 
 
 Books j 
 
[ 208 ] 
 
 Books collected in the Reigns of Henry 
 VII. Henry VIII. Edward VI. Queen Ma - 
 ry, and Queen Elizabeth. Here are alfo 
 feveral other Colle&ions, as the Libraries 
 of Archbilhop Cranmer , More, Arundel , 
 and Lumley. Many of the Books are 
 very valuable : among others are the firft 
 printed Copies of the Bible, and other fa- 
 cred and hiftorical Writings ; fome Books 
 on the Subject of Religion, pub- 
 lifhed before, and in the Infancy of the 
 Reformation, when Printing was firft in- 
 vented, and fome other Works, treating 
 of the Sciences, Hiftory, &V. In this 
 Place are preferved the firft Books printed 
 in England and France j fome are upon 
 Vellum, others on Paper ; they bear a 
 great Refemblance to the-fineft Manu- 
 fcripts, having, like them the Titles and 
 initial Letters curioufly illuminated. 
 
 Bibliotheca Regia II. 
 
 In this laft Room of the Library is de- 
 pofited the remaining Part of the Books 
 
 given 
 
[ 209 ] 
 
 given by his late Majefty. They were 
 collected in the Reigns of James- the 
 firft, Charles the firft, and Charles the 
 fecond. 
 
 It is proper to remark, that if any 
 ingenious Perlon has either a mind to 
 improve himfelf in the feveral Sciences 
 or Languages by reading, or is prompted 
 by Curiofity to perufe fome of the valu- 
 able Books of this Department, by ap- 
 plying to the Truftees, he may have an 
 Order to attend the reading Room for 
 a Time, where there is a particular Offi- 
 cer appointed to provide fuch Books as 
 may be wanted. This is an Advantage 
 not known to many, who would other- 
 wife be glad of fuch an Opportunity of 
 confulting fome fcarce Books. 
 
 We have one Room more to mention, 
 which contains fome Sea Compaffes, im- 
 proved by Dr. Knight , fuch as are now 
 ufed in the royal Navy, and feveral Mag- 
 nets, and Apparatufes, ferving to ffiew 
 
[ 210 
 
 the magnetical Powers n philofophical 
 Ufes. 
 
 I have only now to o>lerve, that on 
 the Days the Committee »f the Truftees 
 fit, the laft Department i. fhewn in the 
 fame Order in which the Elooms are ar- 
 ranged in the firft Edition 
 
 INDEX. 
 
I N D E X. 
 
 
 Page 
 
 yi BRACADABRA 
 
 62 
 
 XjL Abraxas . ■ 1 ■ 
 
 * 61 
 
 Acacia ■— 
 
 154 * 
 
 
 66, 105 
 
 Admiral Shell ■■ 
 
 *40 
 
 
 46 
 
 yEtites ■■ ■ •— 
 
 
 Adder Flies ■■ 
 
 179 
 
 Ailurus »- — — ~ 
 
 2 b 42 
 
 
 7 1 
 
 Alabaftra -■'■■■— *“ 
 
 — 70 
 
 Alcoran, fine copies of 
 
 28 
 
 Allegators 11 1 '« 
 
 i 93 
 
 Ambers - 
 
 78, 99, 105 
 
 
 54 
 
 American Houfhold Utenfils 
 
 65 
 
 Amethyft ■■ 1 ■— 
 
 92 
 
 Amianthus — — 
 
 76 
 
 Ammonitas - 
 
 102, 1 13 
 
 
 Amphibia 
 
Antiquitates 
 
 I N D 
 
 Amphibia 
 
 Amphifbaena; ^ 
 
 Amphoras . _ 
 
 Hetrufcan 
 
 Amulets _ 
 
 Anacardium Occidentale 
 
 Orientale 
 
 Anomias concha _ 
 Antimony , 
 
 Ant Bear, Skin of 
 
 102 , 
 
 Ants 
 Anuhis 
 Apes 
 Apis 
 Apocynum 
 
 Varias 
 
 Appian Road, Stone from 
 
 Apyri 
 
 Aqua marina __ 
 
 Aquileius 
 
 Arabian Letter Shell 
 
 Arabian Shell 
 
 Araneae . 
 
Argus Shell 
 
 Armadillo — 
 
 Articles from Herculaneum 
 Afbeftos ... 
 
 Afphaltus — — 
 
 Afteriae — ■ 
 
 Aftroites — ■ - 
 
 Aves — 
 
 Avium Partes 
 
 Aurelias — — 
 
 Aures marinas — 
 
 Bacchanalia 
 Balearic Crane 
 Balm Crickets — «- 
 
 Bark Lace — 
 
 Bark Papyrus 
 
 Barnacles — 
 
 Baromez — 
 
 Bafaltes — 
 
 Bafanos — 
 
 Balket Fifh 
 
 Shell 
 
 Balkets made of Bark 
 
 Baftinadoes 
 
N D E X. 
 
 Baftinadoes — - 
 
 Bats, large - ■■ 
 
 Battifte — — — _ 
 
 Bead Shells — — ... 
 
 Bees • — 
 
 Beetles — — — 
 
 Beetle Porcellain — 
 
 Belemnites. — ■■■■■ 
 
 Belted Snail — — — 
 
 Benzoin 
 
 Beryl -■■■■ » ■ 
 
 Bezoar - — 
 
 Bibliotheca Cottoniana MS. 
 ■ " ■■ ■■■■— - ■ Harleiana MS. 
 ■ ■ ii - .'. — Regia — 
 
 , . - — - Regia MS. 
 
 .. , . Sloaniana 
 
 Sloaniana MS. 
 
 170, 
 
 102, 
 
 Bird of Paradife — 
 
 Birds 
 
 Bifmuth — 1 ' ■ 
 
 Bitumens — — — 
 
 Black Crab from Jamaica 
 
 Blattae • 
 
 Blood Stone — — 
 
 Blue Eggs from Virginia 
 
 Page 
 57 
 194 
 
 9 
 134 
 182 
 
 194 
 140 
 
 . 118 
 133 
 
 - 156 
 
 89 
 
 - 126 
 
 — 26 
 
 — 27 
 
 - 207 
 
 25 
 
 204 
 
 33 
 
 195 
 
 22, 191, 195 
 81 
 
 78, 105 
 166 
 
 1 75 
 60 
 164 
 Boat 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Page 
 
 Boat Flies * 178 
 
 • Porcellain — ■ 140 
 
 Shells — — — — 138 
 
 Bracelets 60, 63 
 
 Brainftone . — — 21 
 
 Brander, Efqj his Colle&ion 100 
 
 Breeze Flies 183 
 
 Bricks ftamped with Figures 59 
 
 Brimftone — - 79 
 
 Bronzes 38, 43, 47, 52, 62, 199 
 
 Brufhes made of Roots 57 
 
 Buccina — ■ ■ ■ 135 
 
 Buffalo’s Head — - - 7 
 
 Bufonites I2r 
 
 Bulla _ 138 
 
 Bull Frog . 193 
 
 Bupreftes — — 174 
 
 Buff of Sir Hans Sloane 9 
 
 Buftos — 46, 38 
 
 Butterflies 180 
 
 c 
 
 Callus 
 Cake, Sea 
 Calabafhes 
 
 *51 
 
 130 
 
 150 
 
 Calabafh* 
 
INDEX. 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Calabafh, large 
 
 64 
 
 Calamine 
 
 — 81 
 
 Calculi 
 
 - 125 
 
 Califtus, Head of 
 
 59 
 
 Caltrop Shell — 
 
 137 
 
 Calumets of Peace 
 
 57 
 
 Cameleons 
 
 193 
 
 Cameos -- 
 
 — — 169 
 
 Camphor — — 
 
 156 
 
 Canoes ■■ 
 
 — 202 
 
 Canopus — 
 
 39 
 
 Capricorn Beetles 
 
 173 
 
 Cardia — — 
 
 • 144 
 
 Carolina Frog — 
 
 193 
 
 Cafhew Nut J *— 
 
 153 
 
 Caffada Bread 
 
 198 
 
 Caffidse ■ 
 
 — 172 
 
 Caffowary — 
 
 - — 196 
 
 
 
 L ■ c 'bb'' 
 
 
 Cats Eye — — .... 
 
 87 
 
 Celtes — - 
 
 — 49> 63 
 
 Centipes ■ — 
 
 185, 194 
 
 Centroniae — — 
 
 — 130 
 
 Cerambices — — — 
 
 173 
 
 Cervus volans 
 
 171 
 
 Chalices — — - 
 
 49 
 
 
 Chamse 
 
I N D 
 
 E X. 
 
 Chamae — 
 
 Chamber’d Limpets 
 
 Charters 
 
 China Pheafant’s 
 Chinefe Porcellain 
 Chryfolite 
 Chryfomelae 
 Cicadas 
 Cidares 
 Cimices 
 Circus, Models 
 Claw of Lobfter, 
 
 Coals — . 
 
 Cobalt — . 
 
 Cochineal 
 Cocci 
 Coccinellas 
 Coccoons, Sea 
 Coccoons of Silkworms 
 Cochleae 
 Cochlites 
 Cocoa Nuts 
 Coffee Berries 
 Coffin of Mummy 
 Concha Veneris 
 Conchites ~ 
 
 L 
 
 ibid. 
 
 *7 
 
Condor’s Quills 
 
 
 Page 
 
 — 
 
 187 
 
 Confetti di Tivoli 
 
 — 
 
 107 
 
 Contrayerva — 
 
 — 
 
 156 
 
 Cormorant’s Eggs 
 
 — 
 
 I64 
 
 Copal — ■ 
 
 — 
 
 156 
 
 Coral — < 
 
 — 
 
 21,99 
 
 ■ Scollop Shell 
 
 — 
 
 144 
 
 Corallia — - 
 
 — 
 
 IS? 
 
 Coralloides — 
 
 — 
 
 103 
 
 Corn from Herculaneum 
 
 
 60, 63 
 
 Cornelians — 
 
 — . 
 
 67 
 
 Coronated Volutes 
 
 — 
 
 140 
 
 Cotton *— 
 
 — 
 
 150 
 
 Stone — 
 
 — - 
 
 76 
 
 Cowries v - — - 
 
 — 
 
 140 
 
 Cramp Fifh — 
 
 — 
 
 196 
 
 Crickets — 
 
 — 
 
 176 
 
 Crocodiles 
 
 
 * 93 > *95 
 
 Eggs — 
 
 — 
 
 165 
 
 Crow, Iron — * 
 
 — 
 
 80 
 
 Crown Bird — 
 
 — 
 
 196 
 
 Cruftacea — 
 
 — 
 
 1 66 
 
 Cryftal — 
 
 66, 73 
 
 , 98, 104 
 
 Metallic, from /Etna 
 
 62 
 
 Culices — - 
 
 — 
 
 184 
 
 Curculiones — 
 
 
 173 
 
 Cyclops 
 
N 
 
 D EX. 
 
 
 
 Pag« 
 
 Cyclops Pig — 
 
 — 
 
 190 
 
 Cylindri — 
 
 — 
 
 139 
 
 Cynocephalus — 
 
 
 42 
 
 D. 
 
 
 
 Deck Limpets — 
 
 
 132 
 
 Dentalia — . 
 
 
 142 
 
 Dermeftes — 
 
 
 17 1 
 
 Deus Averruncus 
 
 — 
 
 43 
 
 Diamond — 
 
 
 96 
 
 — Pitt’s 
 
 — 
 
 37 
 
 fine Rofe 
 
 — 
 
 *)7 
 
 Dice — ■*— 
 
 — 
 
 60 
 
 Ditifci — 
 
 — 
 
 174 
 
 Dolia — 
 
 — - 
 
 138 
 
 Dolphin — 
 
 — 
 
 196 
 
 Dragon Flies — 
 
 — 
 
 179 
 
 Drawings, fine, by Monf. Robert 
 
 205 
 
 ■■ — by Madame Marian 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Drums 
 
 — 
 
 58 
 
 — Chirrefe 
 
 — 
 
 65 
 
 — — — American 
 
 — 
 
 58 
 
 - — from Lapland 
 
 — 
 
 ibid 
 
 Ducal Mantle Shell 
 
 — 
 
 144 
 
 L 2 
 
 Eagle 
 
INDEX. 
 
 
 
 Page 
 
 E. 
 
 
 
 Eagle — 
 
 — 
 
 196 
 
 Eggs — 
 
 
 - 164 
 
 Stone — • 
 
 — 
 
 108 
 
 Ear Shell — . 
 
 
 r 33 
 
 Echini Marini — - 
 
 
 130 
 
 Echino Melocadtos . . 
 
 — 
 
 191 
 
 Echinites — 
 
 
 102, 117 
 
 Echinorum Radioli 
 
 
 103, 132 
 
 Echites — 
 
 — 
 
 no 
 
 Egg within another 
 
 — 
 
 164 
 
 Eggs — 
 
 — 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Egg, Sea — 
 
 
 130 
 
 Egyptian Antiquities 
 
 — 
 
 38 
 
 — Mummy 
 
 
 12 
 
 — ^ — Pebbles 
 
 — 
 
 7 °j 85 
 
 Elatri — 
 
 — 
 
 174 
 
 Elephant Beetle — 
 
 171 
 
 • ■ Back Bone 
 
 
 23 
 
 — T ufks — 
 
 
 — 148 
 
 Embalming — - 
 
 — 
 
 13 
 
 Emerald < — 
 
 
 94 
 
 Emew « — — 
 
 
 — 196 
 
 Endive Shell — 
 
 
 137 
 
 Enhydros «— 
 
 
 — 109 
 
 
 
 Entomolithi 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Entomolithi — I0 ^ 
 
 Entrochi — I2 q 
 
 Ephemeron — _ jyg 
 
 Epitaphs — 5 
 
 Erodialis — - II0 
 
 Efchara — j^g 
 
 Ethiopian Crown — 138 
 
 Eutocium — 1 iq 
 
 F. 
 
 Falfe Argus — 
 Fans — 
 
 F a fees. Tops of Roman 
 Feather Crowns • 
 
 Fern, large — • 
 Fibulas, Roman 
 Flamingo — 
 Flies — 
 
 Flints — 
 
 Flying Fiih — 
 
 — Lizard — 
 
 ■ Squirrel 
 
 Formicae — . 
 FoiTilia Bivalva 
 Multivalva 
 
 L 3 
 
 140 
 
 65 
 
 49 
 
 197 
 
 168 
 
 59 
 
 22, 195 
 183 
 
 66 
 
 194, 196 
 
 193 
 
 189 
 
 183 
 
 103 
 ibid. 
 Foil'd i a 
 
I N 
 
 D 
 
 E X. 
 
 Fofiilia Univalva 
 
 
 Page 
 
 — 103 
 
 Foffils — 
 
 
 — 66, 101, 106 
 
 F$efco Paintings 
 
 
 — 7>*3 
 
 Fru&us — 
 
 
 — i49» 194 
 
 
 G. 
 
 
 Gad Flies •— 
 
 
 — 183 
 
 Galbanum 
 
 — 
 
 — 156 
 
 Gallyworms 
 
 
 *— 185 
 
 Gargoulettes 
 
 — 
 
 - 56 
 
 Garnet — 
 
 
 — 91 
 
 Geodes 
 
 
 — 109 
 
 Giants Caufeway 
 
 
 — 2 
 
 Ginfeng — 
 
 
 — 155 
 
 GlolTopetra 
 
 
 — 321 
 
 Gnats b— 
 
 
 — 184 
 
 Gondola Shell 
 
 
 *■— 339 
 
 Gran ate — * 
 
 
 — 91 
 
 Granite Columns 
 
 
 — 4 
 
 Graptolithi 
 
 — 
 
 104, 123 
 
 Grilli — 
 
 
 — 176 
 
 Guanas — 
 
 Eggs 
 
 m _ . 
 
 — *93> I9S 
 
 - 165 
 
 Guinea Corn 
 
 
 — 354 
 
 Gum Elemi 
 
 
 — 356 
 
 Gutti 
 
Gutti 
 
 Gypfum 
 
 Hall, Contents of 
 Hammer Oyfter «— 
 Hanging Nefts 
 Harpocrates *— 
 
 Harveft Flies — « 
 
 Hats — 
 
 Heart Shells — 
 
 Hebrew Letter Shells 
 Heliotropium — 
 
 Helmintholithi — 
 
 Hercules Balbinus 
 Hermit Crab — 
 
 Hetrufcan Antiquities 
 Hieroglyphics — 
 
 Hippocampus — 
 
 Hooded Snakes — 
 
 Horned Owl 
 Horns of Animals 
 — i — — of Moufe Deer 
 ... of Unicorn Fifh 
 
 14 
 
 — 143 
 
 162 
 
 19, 38, 40, 64 
 
 — 177 
 
 - 65 
 
 — 144 
 140 
 
 — 68 
 
 — no 
 
 53 
 
 — 167 
 
 45 > 53 
 
 — 1 7 
 
 ~ 194 
 
 — 193 
 
 — 195 
 
 - ibid. 
 
 — ibid. 
 
 — 196 
 
 — 183 
 Hugh 
 
 Horfe Flies 
 
index. 
 
 Hugh Lupus, his Sword of State 
 
 Human Heart Shell 
 
 Humming Birds — 
 Hyacinth — 
 
 Page 
 57 
 154 
 192, 195 
 90 
 
 I. 
 
 Jacinth — 
 
 — 90 
 
 Janus bifrons 
 
 53 
 
 Japonefe Pagod 
 
 55 
 
 Jafper — 
 
 68, 85, 99 
 
 Jafpides — 
 
 — ibid. 
 
 Jay from Eaft Indies 
 
 — 23 
 
 Ibis . 
 
 ““ 1 7 i 39 
 
 Ichneumones 
 
 182 
 
 Ichthyolithi — 
 
 — 103,121 
 
 Ichthyodontes 
 
 121 
 
 Idols, American 
 
 54 
 
 Egyptian 
 
 18, 39, 52, 64 
 
 Jets — 
 
 — 78, 105 
 
 Jews Pitch 
 
 79 
 
 Incruflations 
 
 ICO 
 
 Indian Pots — 
 
 — 56 
 
 Shields * — 
 
 — 64 
 
 Infcriptions 
 
 
 Infe&a — 
 
 — 194 
 
 
 Inftru- 
 
I N D E X. 
 
 Inftruments of Mufic, Indian 
 Intaglios — — 
 
 John Doree ■ 
 
 Juli 
 
 Jupiter Serapis 
 
 Keratophyta 
 
 Keys 
 
 Kingfifher 
 
 Lacrymatories - 
 
 La Fofle *— 
 
 Lamps - - -• 
 
 . — — Metal, odd fancied 
 — — Sepulchral 
 Laocoon — » 
 
 Lapis Calaminaris 
 
 — Lazuli — 
 
 <— — Ollaris «— 
 
 — Pregnans 
 
 5°j 53 
 9 
 
 59> 53 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 24 
 
 8i 
 
 Si's 85 
 
 74 
 
 no 
 
 Lava 
 
Lava from Vefuvius 
 Leopard Shells 
 Lepturae — 
 
 Libellulae 
 
 Limpets 
 
 Lithotomi 
 
 Lizards 
 
 Lobfters — 
 
 Loculfoe 
 
 Lotus 
 
 Lucina 
 
 Ludus Helmontii 
 
 Maccaw’s Eggs 
 Madrepora 
 Magna Charta 
 Maiz v — 
 
 Mantes 
 
 Mantle Scollops 
 Marble — 
 
 Marbled Scollop 
 Marcafites 
 
 144 
 70, 105 
 144 
 
 79, 98, 105 
 Marmora 
 
I N D E 
 
 X. 
 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Marmora - ■■■■ - 
 
 
 70, 105 
 
 Malks, uncommon 
 
 — 
 
 47 
 
 Mafk Shells 
 
 — 
 
 139 
 
 Mathematical Inftruments 
 
 
 58 
 
 Matrices to ftamp earthen Ware 
 
 6 3 
 
 Meafures, Roman 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 Medals, Englifh 
 
 
 28 
 
 French — 
 
 — 
 
 29 
 
 ■ Pontifical 
 
 — 
 
 34 
 
 
 — 
 
 3 ° 
 
 — — — Their Nature 
 
 — 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Medallions — 
 
 — 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Medufa’s Head — 
 
 
 165 
 
 Metallica — • 
 
 — 
 
 80 
 
 Mica argentea 
 
 — 
 
 75 
 
 aurea — * 
 
 
 74 
 
 Mill Beetles — 
 
 rnimm B 
 
 175 
 
 Millepedes — 
 
 — 
 
 184 
 
 Millepora — 
 
 
 21, 158 
 
 Millet — 
 
 — 
 
 154 
 
 Mineralia — 
 
 — 
 
 88 
 
 Minerals — 
 
 66, 80 ioi, 105 
 
 Mifcle Birds Eggs 
 
 — 
 
 164 
 
 Miffilia — 
 
 — 
 
 30 
 
 Mitre Shell — 
 
 — 
 
 i 35 
 
 Mocoes — 
 
 — 
 
 67 
 
 L 6 
 
 
 Models 
 
I N D 
 
 E X. 
 
 Models by Simons 
 
 —mm 
 
 Page 
 
 169 
 
 Mole Cricket — 
 
 
 176 
 
 Mole Porcellain 
 
 . 
 
 140 
 
 Molucca Beans 
 
 . . 
 
 152 
 
 Monkeys ■— 
 
 — 
 
 189 
 
 Moon Stones — 
 
 — 
 
 7 r 
 
 Moths — 
 
 — 
 
 180 
 
 Mummy, Egyptian 
 
 — 
 
 12 
 
 Murices — 
 
 — 
 
 136 
 
 Mufcae — 
 
 — 
 
 183 
 
 Mufcles — 
 
 — 
 
 H 5 
 
 Mufical Inftruments 
 
 — 
 
 57 
 
 Mufculi — 
 
 . — 
 
 H 5 
 
 N. 
 
 Natural Productions 
 
 
 21 
 
 Nautili — 
 
 mrnm 
 
 141 
 
 Nautiliti — 
 
 — 
 
 102 
 
 Needle Shell — 
 
 — 
 
 136 
 
 Nephritic Stone — • 
 
 — 
 
 69 
 
 Nerit'ae — 
 
 
 
 *34 
 
 Nepae — 
 
 — 
 
 178 
 
 Nells of Birds •— 
 
 — 
 
 162 
 
 *—? — of InleCts 
 
 — 
 
 159, 186 
 Nidi 
 
I N D E X. 
 
 Nidi Avium 
 
 Page 
 
 — 162 . 
 
 Infedorum — 
 
 159, 186 
 
 Serici — 
 
 — ibid. 
 
 Nile — — 
 
 — 8 
 
 Nilometri - — 
 
 — 42 
 
 Noah’s Ark Shell — 
 
 ■— 144 
 
 Notonedae — 
 
 — 178 
 
 O. 
 
 Oculus Cati — >— 87 
 
 --- Mundi 
 
 — — 88 
 
 CEftri — 
 
 - 183 
 
 Olive Shells <— 
 
 — 139 
 
 Onifci — 
 
 — — 184 
 
 Onyx — 
 
 - - 83 
 
 Shell 
 
 — 140 
 
 Opal — — 
 
 — — . 86 
 
 Ophites — 
 
 — 5> 68 
 
 Opofliinj 
 
 — ■ — 190 
 
 Ores 
 
 *0 
 
 0 
 
 HI 
 
 a 
 
 H* 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 Cinnabar 
 
 — — 81 
 
 — — Copper — 
 
 — 81, 105 
 
 Gold — 
 
 — ibid. 
 
 Iron — 
 
 — ibid. 
 
 Lead 
 
 <— ibid. 
 
 Ores 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Ores Quickfilver 
 
 Silver 
 
 - — Tin 
 Oron Outon 
 Orus — 
 
 Ofiris — 
 Oftracites — 
 Oftrea — 
 Oftrich’s Eggs 
 Ova — 
 
 Owls Eggs 
 Ox Heart Shell 
 Oyfters *— 
 
 Paintings, Frefco * ■ — - 7, 23 
 
 . in Miniature 201 
 
 Palanquin, Model of — — « 199 
 
 Paper Nautilus — — 141 
 
 Papiliones 
 
 Papyrus Bai*. — — 
 
 Parrots Eggs — — 
 
 Patellae — — 132 
 
 Pateras, Hetrufcan 45 
 
 Roman *— — 49 
 
 Pearls 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Purpurae 
 
 Pearls «— * 
 
 Pearl Oyfters — 
 
 Pea Shells — • 
 
 PeCtines — 
 
 PeCtinites — 
 Penguins Eggs — 
 
 Periapta *— 
 
 Perfian Crown Shell 
 Petrifactions — 
 
 Phalenae — 
 
 Phoenician Seals — 
 
 Phryganeae — 
 
 Phytolithi — 
 
 Pifcium Partes — 
 
 Pinna Marina — 
 Placentae — 
 
 Porcellanas — 
 
 Porcellain Shells — 
 
 Porcupine — 
 
 Fifh — 
 
 Porphyry, Egyptian 
 Portraits — 
 
 Precious Stones — 
 
 Prickly Oyfters — 
 
 — Trochus — 
 
 Purple Pearl — 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Purpurae ^ — 
 Pyrites Argenteus 
 
 Aureus 
 
 Pyropus *- 
 
 Quadrupedia 
 Quills of Condor 
 
 Rattle Snake 
 
 - — — Root 
 
 Remora — 
 
 Reptilia — 
 
 Reticulated white Chama 
 Rhinoceros Beetle — 
 
 -Bird 
 
 Rhombi — — 
 
 Ribbon Snail — 
 
 Ring Key — 
 
 Roman Antiquities - 
 Roman Mantle Shell 
 Root of Tea Plant 
 Rouffeau his Portrait 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Page 
 
 Royal Staircafe Shell — 136 
 
 Ruby — - — 95 ' 
 
 S. 
 
 Sacrificing Inftruments 
 
 — 
 
 49 
 
 Saddle Oyfter — 
 
 — 
 
 143 
 
 Sailor Shells •— 
 
 . — 
 
 141 
 
 Salamanders — 
 
 _ 
 
 193 
 
 Saloon — — 
 
 — 
 
 123 
 
 Sapphire — 
 
 — 
 
 95 
 
 Sardi — — 
 
 — . 
 
 66 
 
 Sardonyx — — 
 
 — , 
 
 83 
 
 Saw-fifh — — 
 
 — 
 
 196 
 
 — — Snout of — 
 
 — 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Scarabaei — 
 
 t— 
 
 170 
 
 Schwampam — 
 
 — 
 
 199 
 
 Scollops — 
 
 — 
 
 143 
 
 Scolopendrae — 
 
 — 
 
 185 
 
 Scorpiones . — 
 
 ^0 
 
 00 
 
 i-t 
 
 , 194 
 
 Screw-fhells — 
 
 — 
 
 135 
 
 Scythian Lamb 
 
 • — 
 
 149 
 
 Seals, Phoenician 
 
 — 
 
 43 
 
 Turkifh — 
 
 — 
 
 61 
 
 Sea Compafles — 
 
 
 208 
 
 — Horfe, Head of 
 
 — 
 
 195 
 
 
 
 Sea 
 
X. 
 
 Page 
 
 196 
 
 194 
 
 166 
 
 72 
 
 8 1, 105 
 193 
 5 > 68 
 21 
 196 
 
 *9 5 
 112 
 129, 
 166 
 66 
 122 
 150 
 
 49 
 
 38 
 
 196 
 
 6 
 
 66 
 
 189 
 
 133 
 
 Ix 3 
 
 66 
 
 62. 
 
 Sopc 
 
 Sea Lion, Head and Paw of 
 
 — Polypus — 
 
 — Locufts — _ 
 
 Selenites — __ 
 
 Semimetalla — 
 Serpentia — 
 
 Serpentine Marble 
 Sertularia — 
 
 Shark, young — . 
 
 Shark’s Jaws — 
 
 Shells, Foffile — 
 
 — Recent — 
 
 Shrimps- — _ 
 
 Silices — — , 
 
 Siliquaftrae 
 
 Silk-grafs . — 
 Simpulums — 
 
 Siftrum — 
 
 Skeleton of a Whale 
 
 ■■■ - Unicorn-fifh 
 
 Sledges — 
 
 Sloth — - — 
 
 Snails — 
 
 Snake Stones — 
 
 Snow Shoes — — 
 
 ff-box made of Lava 
 
INDEX. 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Sope Berries — —* 
 
 151 
 
 Spars - - 
 
 71, 104 
 
 Spata *■■■" ■ - 1 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Speckled Heart-fhells — 
 
 144 
 
 Spiders — • — “ 
 
 22, 184 
 
 Spider Shells — — 
 
 137 
 
 Spindle Shell — * 
 
 135 
 
 Spongiae — - — ■r— — > 
 
 156 
 
 Spur Shell 
 
 J 34 
 
 Stag Beetle — •— * 
 
 171 
 
 Stala&ites — *— 
 
 104, 106 
 
 Stampers — — 
 
 139 
 
 Staphilini — — 
 
 175 
 
 Star-fifh w- , — — 
 
 165 
 
 Stellae Marinae •— — 
 
 165 
 
 Stilus — - — — " 
 
 60 
 
 Strombi — — 
 
 ‘ 13s 
 
 Stucco Ceilings, Pieces of — 
 
 57 
 
 Sturgeon — — 
 
 196 
 
 Styrax — — — 
 
 156 
 
 Sulphur — — 
 
 74 > 105 
 
 Sulphura — — — 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Surinam Toad — — 
 
 193 
 
 Sword-filh, Head of — 
 
 196 
 
 « Snout of — 
 
 ibid. 
 
 T. 
 
I N D E X, 
 
 Tabani _ 
 
 MM 
 
 183 
 
 Tahbahs — 
 
 n- — 
 
 6r 
 
 Talc — 
 
 — — . 7 <C 
 
 Talifmans 
 
 — 
 
 61 
 
 * — T urkifti 
 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Tarantula — 
 
 r . 
 
 184 
 
 Tea Nuts — 
 
 mmmm 
 
 154 
 
 Telefcope Shells 
 
 *■ — 
 
 136 
 
 Tellinae — 
 
 
 145 
 
 Tenthredines — 
 
 m , - - 
 
 181 
 
 Termini ' — 
 
 - 
 
 5 
 
 Terrae — 
 
 — 
 
 124 
 
 Teffelas — 
 
 
 60 
 
 Teftacea — . 
 
 _ 
 
 166 
 
 Teftudines — 
 
 . 
 
 186 
 
 Thiftly Melon — 
 
 
 151 
 
 Thorah 
 
 
 28 
 
 Thorny Heart-fhells 
 
 — 
 
 144 
 
 Tiber 
 
 
 J 43 
 
 8 
 
 Tooth Shells 
 
 
 142 
 
 T orpedo — . 
 
 — 
 
 196 
 
 Tortoifes 
 
Tortoifes — . 
 
 —Eggs 
 
 Tortoife Porcellain Shell 
 Toucan — 
 
 Touch-ftone — 
 
 Tower of Babel Shell 
 Trochi — 
 
 Trochites — 
 
 Tropic Bird — 
 Trumpet Shells. — 
 
 Tubipora — „ 
 
 Tubularia ... — 
 
 Tun Shell — 
 
 Turbines — 
 
 T urcois 
 
 Turkifh Cap — . 
 
 Turtles _ 
 
 Eggs — 
 
 Tyger Shells 
 
 Page 
 186, 195 
 
 * 6-5 
 
 14a 
 
 187 
 
 3 
 
 *35 
 
 134 
 120 
 195 
 
 135 
 l 59 
 
 ibid, 
 138 
 135 
 81, 88 
 
 151 
 
 186, 194 
 165 
 140 
 
 U. 
 
 Unicorn Beetle 
 
 Whelks 
 
 Urchins, Sea 
 Urns 
 
 136 
 
 — 130 
 
 45> 5U 53 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Yellow Chama Shell 
 Y erbua - — . 
 
 Zoolithi 
 
 W afps . 
 
 Nells . 
 
 Water Beetles — — 
 
 Scorpions — - 
 
 Weaver Shuttle Shell ~ 
 Weights, Roman <— 
 
 Wendel Trap Shell 
 Whale, Skeleton of 
 Whilks, Indian — — 
 
 Wild Boar, young -m. 
 Wild Man of the Mountains 
 Wing Shells < — **. 
 
 Woodcock Shell 
 Wood Beetles - 
 
 Woodlice — . - 
 
 Worm Shells - ■ 
 
 Worms . — , 
 
 THE END. 
 
Page 9. 
 12. 
 
 20. 
 
 21 . 
 
 29. 
 
 29. 
 
 71 . 
 
 9 9 - 
 112. 
 
 1 16. 
 169. 
 169. 
 173. 
 * 75 * 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 [. 8. for Dome, read Ceiling. 
 
 1. 6. after Homer add in Bronze. 
 
 1. 1 1 . for greateft read higheft. 
 
 1 . 4. after Natural Produ&ions read 
 
 prefented by Ellis, Efqj 
 
 1 . 18. for Cabinets read Prefles. 
 
 N. B. The French Medals are in 
 
 Harl. II. 
 
 1. 3. dele from the Word fome to 
 Buildings, &c. 
 
 1 . 11. for Beetles read Bottles. 
 
 1. 1 6. for as numerous as read more 
 numerous than. 
 
 1 . 15. for Oyfters read Cockles. 
 
 1 . 1 . for fome read a great Number of. 
 1 . 14. for fome read a Variety of. 
 
 1. 1. after Curculiones add Cornworms. 
 1. 10. after voracious add they are found 
 in Vineyards.