[ « ] 
 
 A Defcription of fome Ancient Hijlorical Paintings preferved 
 at Cowdray in SufTex, the Seat of the Right Honourable 
 Vifcount Montague ; reprefenting, I. the March of "King 
 Henry VIII. from Calais towards Boulogne ; II. The En- 
 campment of the Englifh Forces at Marquifon ; and 
 III. A View of the Siege of Boulogne ; in the Tear 1544* 
 
 THESE are a continuation of the feries of ancient hiflorica« 
 Paintings remaining at Cowdray, which have already been 
 very fully defcribed by the late Sir Jofeph Ayloffe, Bart, in his 
 learned Memoire, read before this Society in March, 1 773, and printed 
 in the Archaelogia, Vol. III. p. 238 — 272. In that curious Memoire 
 the political motives which induced King Henry VIII. to undertake 
 the conqueft of the territories of his rival brother of France, are 
 ftated at large ; and an account of the tranfactions reprefented in the 
 engravings now before us is fully given. A Diary of the remark- 
 able fiege of Boulogne is likewife in being, and printed in Rymer's 
 Fcedera, Tom. X Y\ p. 50 — 57. From thefe authentick documents, 
 and the concurrent teftimonies of hiflorians, the following defcrip- 
 tion is feleclied and compofed. 
 
 B <. King 
 
t * J 
 
 King Henry, and the Emperor Charles the Vth, having entered 
 into a league in oppofition to the French King, Francis the Ift, had 
 refolved to make offenfive war again ft that Monarch, and to invade 
 his territories with a great force to be compofed of the united ar- 
 mies of the two fovereigns. In pursuance of the ft ipulations in this- 
 league, in the fummer of the year 1544, King Henry fent over 
 into France an army of 30,000 men ; divided into three batalions. 
 The van of this army was led by Thomr.s Duke of Norfolk, and 
 the rear by the Lord Ruffel, aflifted by Henry Earl of Surrey, 
 Marftial of the field. Thefe forces landed at Calais, and marched 
 to Montreuil\ where being joined by 10,000 of the Emperor's 
 troops under the command of the Admiral Count de Bures, they 
 laid fiege to that town. At the fame time, the main body of the 
 EngWh army, conducted by Charles Duke of Suffolk, the King's 
 Lieutenant, accompanied by Henry Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, 
 Marftial of the field, Sir Anthony Brown, Mafter of the King's 
 Horfe, and divers others, likewife landed at Calais, and encamping 
 near that place, waited the arrival of the King. On the 14th of 
 July, Henry, attended by a royal train, landed at Calais, and took up 
 his residence there, at the houfe appointed for the ufe of his Exche- 
 quer. On the next day he was waited upon by Don Bertran. de 
 la Cueva, Duke Albuquerque, commander of the Emperor's auxv- 
 liary forces ; as alfo by the Count de Bures, Admiral of the Low 
 Countries. Thefe officers having acquainted Henry of the ftate of 
 their mafter's forces and affairs, the King, on that day, ordered the 
 Duke of Suffolk, who then lay with the troops under his command 
 encamped at Marquifon or Marquife, to march dire&ly and inveft 
 Boulogne, while the other part of the army carried on the fiege of 
 MontreuiL On Friday the 18th of July the Duke reconnoitred the 
 out- works of Boulogne ; and on the next day broke up his camp, 
 and fat down before the lower town, which was taken on the 
 Monday following, notwithftanding a vigorous fally made by the 
 
 garrifon 
 
garrifon of the high town, Henry, having received the news of 
 the fuccefs of his arms, difmiffed the Emperor's Admiral, who 
 had till then attended him, and on the 25th of July marched out 
 of Calais, and encamped that night at Marquifon ; and on the next 
 day he proceeded to join the army before Boulogne. 
 
 With thefe circumftances the paintings now before us com- 
 mence. 
 
 I. On a fcroll near the top of the nrft compartment of thefe 
 paintings is written, 
 
 " The Metinge of the Kinge by Sir Antoni Browne, 
 " upon the Hill between Calais and Morquison." 
 
 On the right hand is a bird's-eye-view of the Rifebanc, or more 
 properly fpeaking the Ryjbrcok ; together with the town and caftte 
 of Calais, and their refpective fortifications. AtYome diftance from 
 them, and nearly at the bottom of the fore-ground of the piaure^ 
 is an elevation of the weft front of Fort Nieulai, or, as it was then 
 called by the Engliih Newmans Bridge, but by miftake written on 
 the piaure New Names Bridge. King Henry, with a royal train 
 which marched with him from Calais, is here rep re fen ted as paffing 
 through fort Nieulai, and from thence croifmg the river of Hames r 
 by means of a bridge formed of three arches, and proceeding to- 
 wards Marquifon or Marquife. The King, drefled in compleat ar- 
 mour, and mounted on a horfe richly caparifoned, rides furrounded 
 by a body of pikemen, and is preceded by his ftandard- bearer car- 
 rying the royal banner. Some perfons, apparently of quality, on 
 horleback, fundry officers at arms, and a party of foldiers, are re- 
 prefented as having juft afcended the hill between Efcales and 
 ReupUnque, where the King is received by Sir Anthony Brown at 
 the head of a party of horfe. The horfemen in compleat armour, 
 and under the guidon of St. George, are drawn up on the fummit 
 
 B 2 of 
 
[ 4 ] 
 
 of the hill on the left hand. Oppofite to them the trumpeters of 
 the guard, richly drefied in the royal livery, form a line, each of 
 them having his trumpet ornamented with the banner of the arms 
 of England and France quarterly. They feem as if founding to 
 arms on the King's approach. In the middle of the ground, be- 
 tween the horfemen and trumpeters, is Sir Anthony Brown, on 
 horfeback ; bowing in the mofl refpetlful manner to the King. He 
 holds his bonnet in his right hand, and points with it towards the 
 right of the forces ; probably to (hew to the King the ground 
 which had been marked out near Marquife for the royal camp ; 
 though the particular place is not reprefented in the picture. 
 
 In the rear of the King is a party of horfe, followed by feveral 
 bodies, as well of horfe as foot, drefled in diftincl: liveries, having 
 their refpe&ive banners and guidons difplayed. Thefe form a line 
 of march from the gate of Nieulai to the bridge over the river of 
 Hames, and continue from thence to the place where the King is 
 met by Sir Anthony Brown. 
 
 Although the fubjedt of this piece unavoidably occafioned a fliff- 
 nefs in the painting, yet the painter hath relieved it as much as he 
 pombly could, confidently with the truth of hiflorical reprefenta- 
 tion, by a laudable difpofition of the feveral bands of men, by the 
 face given to the country through which they are pafling, and by 
 the introduction and difpofition of feveral figures reprefented as 
 flragglers from the main body of the army. As he feems to have 
 been chafte in properly diflinguifhing the different corps of guards, 
 henchmen, light-horfe, demi-lances, pike-men, gunners, &c. fo 
 he hath duly obferved to mark the different liveries of the refpective 
 bands, by varying the cloathing of each flraggler, and by reprefent- 
 ing fome as wearing both flockings of the fame colour, and others 
 with one flocking of one colour, and the other of another colour ; 
 thus fome have both flockings white, fome both red, and fome both 
 yellow ; whilfl others again have a yellow flocking on one leg, and a 
 
 red 
 
[ 5 ] 
 
 red {locking on the other : fome have a white flocking on the 
 left leg, and a red one on the right ; and others again a yellow 
 flocking on the right leg, and a black flocking on the left. At a 
 confiderable diflance from the line of inarch, but clofe to the 
 north-weft tower of Fort Nieulai, and in the front of the piece, 
 are two foldiers reprefented as fighting with each other. The 
 fkull-cap or head-piece of each is fimilar, but they are differently 
 armed ; the one holds a fmall buckler in his left hand, and a long 
 fword in his right ; and the other hath a very large buckler, and 
 a fword fomewhat fhorter than that of his antagonift. It is diffi- 
 cult to determine the reafon for introducing the figures of thefe 
 combatants into the picture; but as they are placed in the fore- 
 ground, and in a very conlpicuous manner, there can remain 
 but little doubt of their being defigned to mark, and perpetuate 
 the memory of fome fingular event, which happened at that 
 time. 
 
 Having taken a view of this firfl compartment, it is no more 
 than juflice to confider how far the painter hath therein kept 
 to, or deviated from, hiflorical truth. In the Diary * of the 
 King's voyage, and of the fiege of Boulogne, printed by Rymer, 
 we find that the Duke of Suffolk, with Sir Anthony Brown, 
 Mailer of the Horfe to the King, and the main battail of the 
 Englifh forces, lay encamped at Marquifon, which is about nine 
 miles from Boulogne : That, five days after the King's arrival 
 at Calais, they undertook the fiege of Boulogne ; and that the 
 King, having received the news of the taking the lower town on 
 the 25th of July, marched for Boulogne in the following order. 
 Firft, drums and viffleurs ; then the trumpets, the officers of arms, 
 and the barons; then Garter, followed by the Duke of Alber- 
 querk, and the Earl of Rutland bearing the King's banner dis- 
 played ; then the King's Majefly, armed at all points, mounted 
 upon a goodly courfer : and after him the Lord Herbert, bearing 
 
 * See this Diary fubjoined to this Account. 
 
 the - 
 
the King's head-piece and fpear, and followed by the henchmen, 
 well ho ried. That at the gates of Nieulai the King was met by 
 the Duke of Alberquerk's company of one hundred horfe, the Eari 
 of Eflex chief captain of the men at arms, and Sir Thomas Drury, 
 accompanied by a great number of horfemen ; and that he pro- 
 ceeded from thence in the following order ; Firft, light horfes 
 and demi-lances; then the guard, viz. twenty five archers on the 
 right fjde, and as many gunners on the left; the King s Majefty 
 riding in the midft^fthe pikemcn ; then the men of arms; after 
 whom the reft of the army followed, every band in order, having 
 his banner or guidon difplayed. 
 
 Lord Herbert, in his Life of Henry the Eighth, further fays, 
 " that the main battail were apparelled in a bizarre faihion, their 
 " colours being red and yellow, and that the van-guard had caps 
 *« and hofe party coloured." And Holinmed, in his Chronicle, 
 lakes notice, " that the battel, called the King's battel, were in 
 " coats, caps, and hozen, red guarded with yellow." According 
 to Stowe, alio, " Thole of the fore-ward under the Duke of Nor- 
 il folk were apparelled in blue coats, guarded with red ; and had 
 •* rays and hofen of the fame fuke, party blue and party red. 
 " The battaile under the Duke of Suffolk in coats-, caps, and ho- 
 l< fen in like manner; but the colours blue and yellow. The 
 " King's livery was red guarded with yellow." Now if we 
 compare thefe accounts with the picture, we mall find that the 
 painter hath adhered to fafts and the truth of hiftory in every par- 
 ticular, lb far at leaft as it was poffible for him to reprefent them 
 in his piece. 
 
 As none of the Englifli. hlftorians, or the Diary juft now quoted, 
 cxprefsly mention that it was Sir Anthony Brown who received 
 the King on the height between Efcaks and PeupUnque, fome doubts 
 may .perhaps be ftarted as to the truth of the above aflertion. Pro- 
 bability will however, in great mealure, fupport it. Sir Anthony 
 
 7 Brown, 
 
[ 7 ] 
 
 Brown, as appears by the before-mentioned journal,, was at that 
 time encamped at Marquifon ; and being matter of the horfe to the 
 king, had, in point of office, the care of the quarters there affigned'\ 
 for that monarch; confequently he was the molt proper perfon to 
 meet the king, and to mew and conduct him to his camp. This- 
 fuggeftion is further ftrengthened, not only by the tradition that 
 has always prevailed in Lord Montague's family, that Sir Anthony 
 met the king on that fpot, and the infer iption on the picture testi- 
 fying the fame;, but by the evident likenefs that there is between 
 the face of the figure reprefented as meeting the king, and that of 
 an undoubted portrait of Sir Anthony, now in one of the apart- 
 ments at Cowdray. 
 
 The Rtjbank, or Rxjbrook, is here depicted in the fame form ainf 
 manner as it is reprefented in a plan of the fiege of Calais, by the 
 dukedeGuife, in the year I558,.publifhed by Monf. Lefebure, in 
 his Hiftory. pf Calais. Exactly confonant to the fame plan is the 
 view of the town and fortifications of Calais, and that of fort 
 Nieulai, or Neivmaris Bridge , as defcribed in this painting. It il 
 further obfervable, for the credit, and authenticity of the Cbwcfray 
 picture, that the painter hath given the fame precife number and 
 form of arches to. his bridge over the river of Hames, as it appears 
 to have in that engraved in. the before-mentioned plan of the fiege. 
 
 II. The fecond compartment exhibits, as is exprefied near its < 
 
 top. *' THE CAMPING OF THE KING AT MORGUTSON." 
 
 The front or fore-ground of this piece reprefents a champaign 
 country, covered with baggage, and ammunition waggons, artil- 
 lery, and a great number of different forts of tents, labouring under 
 the utmoft diftrefs from a violent and incefTant rtorm of wind and 
 lightning, which is exprefTed in a finking manner. Here we fie 
 feveral tents blown down, and lying on the ground ; . whilft the 
 foldiers and women, in all the terrors of fright and apprehenfion> 
 
[ 3 ] 
 
 nre endeavouring to creep from under the mattered ruins, and feem 
 apprehenfive of being again buried under the neighbouring tottering 
 tents. Others have their tent- pins drawn, and are reprefented as 
 falling, w'hilft the foldiers and artillery men, harraffed by the ftrefs 
 of weather, and fcarce able to {land againft the force of the wind, 
 weakly endeavour to keep them up. Of thofe that are left {land- 
 ing, fome are torn in pieces by the wind, and others have their 
 curtains blown open and waving in the air. In the back-ground is 
 a view of the church and village of Marquifon all on fire, occa- 
 fioned, as tradition hath it, by the flames of lightning. The hif- 
 torians of that time take no notice of this ftorm ; but the above 
 quoted Diary alludes to it, where it fays, " The king camped that 
 " night at Marquifon, being a very great tempeftuous night of rain 
 «• and thunder." 
 
 III. The third compartment, which is in fize equal to both the 
 former, reprefents the Siege of Boulogne. 
 
 On the left hand is a view of the high or upper town of Bou- 
 logne, defended by a ftrong wall, ftrengthened with lofty ram- 
 parts, and baftions fixed on its flanks. On the Eaft fide of the 
 town is the citadel, covered by another large baftion. Beneath 
 thofe, and nearer to the fore part of the picture, is a view of the 
 lower town, as alfo of its river and harbour, with part of the fea 
 between the jettee heads and the harbour of Whjand. In the fore- 
 ground of the picture is the main Englifli camp within an intrench- 
 ment thrown up on the North fide of Boulogne ; from whence the 
 approaches appear to be carried on for forming the attack upon that 
 part of the high town which faces towards the fea. • Over it is 
 written, " The King's Camp." At the Eaftern corner of this 
 camp is a royal battery, confining of upwards of thirty guns, com- 
 manded by the King in perfon. He is dreffed in complete armour, 
 in-laid, and otherwife ornamented with gold, and {landing within a 
 2 bufque 
 
t 0 J 
 
 bufque of high trees. In his right hand he holds a batton of 
 command, as directing the operations of the liege, and appears to 
 be confiderably taller than any of the foldiers near him. This re- 
 prefentation of the King agrees intirely with the defcription given 
 by Holmmed, in his Chronicle. "It was," fays that hiftorian, 
 *' a matter in the camp of eafe to difcern which was the King ; for 
 " none of the reft came near him in tallnefs by the head. As for 
 " his proportion of limbs, it was anfwerable to his goodly ftature 
 •? and making ; a memorable defcription whereof, as well as of his 
 ** artificial armour, 1 find reported as followeth : 
 
 Rex capite Henricus reliquos fupereminet omnes, 
 *? Heros praevalidus, feu fortia brachia fpecles, 
 " Seu furas quos fulvo opifex incluferat auro, 
 " Sive virile ducis praeftanti pe&ore corpus, 
 44 Nulla vi domitum, nullo penetrabile ferro." 
 
 Two of the guns in the royal battery are remarkably large and 
 fhort, and very much refemble thofe wooden pieces fhewn at the 
 Tower of London, and faid to have been devifed by Henry the 
 Eighth, to appear as great ordnance, and intimidate the befieged. 
 This battery is playing on that part of the town-wall which fronts 
 towards the lower Boulogne, and wherein a confiderable breach ap- 
 pears to be effected, and the Englifh advanced in their trenches to 
 the foot of that wall. On the left is another camp, over which 
 is written, " The Duke of Alberkirky's Camp." Beyond this, 
 higher up in the picture, is the park for the artillery, crowded 
 with ordnance ftores, artillery waggons, great guns, mortars *, faf- 
 
 cines, 
 
 * The mortars here reprefented are perhaps of the firft of that kind of mili- 
 tary implement made in England ; for we are told by Stowe in his Chronicle f, 
 
 + Howe's Edit. 584. 
 
 c 
 
 that 
 
t «? I 
 
 cines, fand-bags, and'the feveral implements belonging to the train. 
 A great number of foldiers and matroffes are here bufily employed 
 in making up and delivering out cartridges for the great guns, 
 charging bomb- fhells, twilling match, and performing a variety of 
 other fervices. In the front of this park is a battery playing upon 
 a baftion built at that angle of the town-wall which is near to 
 the breach made by the great guns of the royal battery. Between 
 thefe two camps is another battery, confifting of mortars only, all 
 of which are throwing bombs into the town. More within the 
 land, and to the right of the road leading from Boulogne to Mar- 
 quife, is another camp, called, " The Lord Admiral's Camp." 
 In the front of this camp is a fafcine battery, which plays furioufly 
 on the cattle ; and over it is written, " The Monte.'* This 
 battery is particularly mentioned by Holmuhed, who fays, that, 
 " befides the trenches which were caft and brought in manner 
 w round about the town, there was amount raifed on the Baft fide, 
 ** and divers pieces of artillery planted aloft thereon, which, to- 
 tc gether with the mortar-pieces, fore annoyed them within, and 
 " battered down the fteeple of our Lady's church ;" and then adds, 
 H the battery was made in the moft forcible wife in three feveral- 
 
 that "in- the year 1543. (the year preceding this fiege), King Henry minding wars- 
 •* with France made great preparation and provifion as well of munitions and 
 " artijlery as alfo of brafs ordinances : amongft which, at that time, by one Pe« 
 " ter Bawd, a Frenchman born, a gun founder, or maker of great ordinance,, 
 * and one other alien, called Peter Van Collen a gun fmith, both the King's 
 ** feed-men, who conferring together, devifed and caufed to be made certain 
 " mortor pieces, being.at the mouth from eleven inches unto nineteen inches wide : 
 " for the ufe whereof the faid Peter, and Peter, caufed to be made certain hollow 
 " mot of caft iron, to be fluffed with fire work or wild fire ; whereof the bigger 
 " fort fo.r the fame had fcrews of iron to receive a match to carry fire kin- 
 * i died, that the fire work might be fet on fire for to break in fmall pieces the 
 4< fame hollow fhot ; whereof the fmalleft piece hitting any man, would kill or 
 " fpoil him." 
 
 5 "-places* 
 
C «' 1 
 
 At places, and the walls, tower, and caftles, were undermined, ancl 
 u the town within fo beaten with (hot out of the camp, and from 
 " the mount and trench by the mortar-pieces, that there were but 
 " few houfes left therein." Our piaure reprefents the cathedral, 
 tower, caftle, and town, exaclly in fuch a ruinous condition. On 
 the left of the lad-mentioned camp is another fafcine battery play- 
 ing upon the citadel, defended by a large tower or baftion, near to 
 which a considerable breach appears to be made in the wall. On 
 ihis battery is difplayed a large flag charged with the crofs of St. 
 ; George, impaled with barre of eight, Azure and Or. More to the 
 left of thefe is another camp, over which is written, The 
 " Duke of Sufolk's Campe." Within the lines of this camp are 
 two batteries of five guns each : one is playing furioufly on the 
 bray of the citadel, which appears to be almoft reduced to ruins ; 
 and the other is battering in breach in that part of the town-wall 
 which divides the land-port from the citadel. At a considerable dif- 
 tance from thefe camps, and in the upper part of the picture, where 
 there is a faint appearance of tents, is written, " Sir Anthony 
 " Brown's Camp." From this camp Sir Anthony Brown, mounted 
 on a bay horfe, and attended by feveral other horfemen, is feen 
 riding full fpeed towards the road to Montreuil, and waving in 
 his right hand the king's ftandard, charged in chief with the 
 Dragon of Cadwallader, and near to the extremities of each point 
 with the crofs of St. George. 
 
 Between the Duke of Alberquerque's camp and that of the Lord 
 Admiral, is a bag-piper playing on his drone, and followed by a 
 number of men, drefTed in plaids, their hair red, their heads un- 
 covered, and their legs bare. They have pikes in their hands, and 
 broad ("words hanging by their fides, and are driving fheep and 
 oxen towards the artillery park. Thefe probably were intended to 
 reprefent certain Scotch irregulars in their. return from foraging for 
 the fupply of the Englifh army, 
 
 C 2 At 
 
[ » ] 
 
 At the bottom of the fore-ground of the picture, and to the right 
 of the King's camp, is a view of an octangular pharos or watch- 
 tower, fortified by a ditch and fome out-works, and fituate on 
 the top of the promontory, or cliffs which command the entrance 
 into the harbour. On its front is written, " The Old Man j" 
 and within the works are feen feverai Englifh foldiers. When 
 the Englifli fat down before the town, this pharos was well 
 provided with all forts of necefTaries fufficient to hold 1 out a long 
 time ; but, on the third day of the fiege, its commandant, together 
 with the garrifou, furrendered themfeives prifoners of war to the 
 Duke of Suffolk. 
 
 This pharos was undermined and overthrown by the fea, in July 
 1644, fo that not a veftige of it now remains ; there has, however,, 
 been a light-houfe erected upon its fite. Father Montfaucon has 
 given a defcription of it, which he feems to have taken from Bu- 
 therii Belgium Romanum, that entirely eorrefponds to the reprefen- 
 tation given of it in this picture ; it is to be wifhed that he had. 
 given a print to accompany his Memoire *, as he informs us that an 
 inhabitant of Boulogne had luckily a drawing made of it previous to 
 its fall. The learned antiquary obferves that this was probably the 
 tower defcribed by Suetonius, as having been built by the Emperor 
 Caligula, when he brought his army to the fea fide, in order to 
 fhew them Britain, and made them gather up fhells from the fhore 
 to carry home with them, as the fpoils of the Britim fea ; as a 
 mark of his viclcry, fays the hiflorian, he erected a 'very high tower, 
 from whence, as from a pharos, fres were nightly difplayed to dirett 
 the courfes of Jhips-f. This pharos Aimonius, in his hiftory of 
 
 * Memoires de l'Acad. des Infer. Vol. VI. p. 576. 
 
 t In indicium vi&oriae altiffimam turrim excitavit, ex qua, ut ex Pharo, noo 
 tibus ad regendum navium curfus ignes emicarent. Calig. c. xlvi. If Caligula 
 built this Pharos at Boulogne, furely he did not fpend his time fo idly as has been 
 generally reprefented. 
 
 Char* 
 
[ V ] 
 
 Charlemagne, informs us was repaired by that prince in the year 
 810, when he was fitting out a fleet in the port of Boulogne*. 
 One very limilar to this, in the form and ftile of building was erected 
 in Dover caftle, of which Dr. Stukeley has given two prints in his 
 Itinerar'mm Curiofurn-f. Thefe defigns were taken by the defire of 
 Archbiftiop Wake,, to fend to Montfaucon ; but he having before re- 
 ceived a drawing of an old fquare tower, belonging to a Church at 
 Dover, chofe to exhibit this as the old Roman Pharos, making but 
 flight mention of Dr. Stukeley's drawings of the real pharos, of 
 which the Doctor very juflly complains. 
 
 Of this octagonal tower father Montfaucon gives the following 
 defcription, which is here inferted as a teftimony of the accuracy 
 ©f the painter of the Cowdray picture. " According to Bucherius," 
 fays he, " each fide of this building was at its bafe twenty four, or 
 " twenty five feet broad : the circumference of the whole being 
 " about two hundred feet: and its diameter fixty- fix. Its eleva- 
 " tion confifted of twelve ftages or frories, each of which gra- 
 " dually diminifhed, and was at its bafe lefs in diameter than 
 M that immediately, beneath it. This reduction was effected by 
 " decreafmg the thicknefs of the wall of the reduced ftory, and 
 t« fetting it back within the thicknefs of that of its under ftory ; 
 " fo that the projectile part of the latter, by its greater thick- 
 " nefs, formed on its top a kind of .gallery of about eighteen 
 " inches wide, running round the outfide of the tower ; and 
 4t in this manner the building was carried up to its fummit, whereon 
 
 * Ipfe interea imperator, Carolus magnus, propter claflem quam anno fuperiorc 
 fieri imperavit, videndam ad Bononiam civitatem maritimam acceffit, pharumque ibi 
 ad navigantium curfus dirigendos antiquitus conftitutam reftauravit, & in fummi- 
 tatem ejus no&urnum ignem accendit. Aimonii Monachi de geflis Francorum, 
 &vo. 1603. 
 
 t PL 5 6 > 57- 
 
 « the 
 
[ H ] 
 
 c< the fires were lighted. In order to give this tower an agree - 
 " able appearance, the walls were built of different coloured ma- 
 terials : firft, three courfes of iron coloured free-ftone : then two 
 " courfes of yellowifti ftone ; and over them two courfes of found 
 " red bricks ; and this variation of colour and materials was regu- 
 " larly obferved in carrying the walls as far as the underfide of the 
 " cope nig." 
 
 The original appellation of this tower was Turris Ardens., 
 which afterwards was corrupted to Turris Ordans or Orden- 
 sis : aud at length varied by the Boulonnois to La Tour D'Ordre *. 
 How it came to be called The Olde Man by the Englim doth 
 not appear : this is, however, probably the trueft reprefentation of 
 that remarkable building now extant. 
 
 The progrefs made in the fiege is well defcribed in the following 
 Letter, written by the King to the Queen t, on the 8th of September, 
 which contains many publick events as well as private circumftan- 
 ces : it is printed in Rymer, Tom. XV. p. 50, from the original 
 in the Cottonian Library. ■Calig. E. 4. fo. 80. 
 
 W MO O.ST derely and mooft entirely beloved Wief, we re- 
 •■«' commend us hartely unto you, and thank you as well for your 
 " letter written unto us by your fervant Robert Warner, as for the 
 '* venizon which you fent then by him ; and now lafr by Fowler, 
 " fervant to our dereft fonne the Prince ; for the which we give unto 
 " you our harty thankes, and would have written unto you again 
 " a letter with our own hande, but that we be fo occupied, and 
 41 have fo much to do in forieying and caring for every thing 
 
 * Memoire TAcad. des Infcrip. Tom. VI. p. 589. 
 
 f Queen Katherine Parr had been appointed Regent and Governefs of the realm 
 during the abfence of the King, with the affiftance of a Council, by a commiffion 
 ■ dated the 9th of July. See Rymer, Tom. XV. p. 39. 
 
 " ourfelf, 
 
C '5 ] 
 
 «* ourfelf, as we have almoft no manner of reft or leyfure to do any 
 " other thing. 
 
 " The caufe why we have detayned here fo long your faid fer- 
 ** vaunt hath been upon hope to have fent you by him good news 
 " of the taking of the towne ; which no doubt wee hhuld have 
 ** done by the grace of God, before this tyme, but that our pro- 
 " virion of powdre is not come out of Flandres, as we thought it 
 " woulde. Within two or three dayes we look for it here; and 
 ** then mortly after, we truft to write unto you fome good news : 
 u and yet in the mean feafon wee have done fomewhat of impor- 
 " tance, for we have wonne, and that without any loffe of men, 
 M the ftrongeft part of the towne, which is the braye of the caftell : 
 M fuch a piece and of fuch ftrength, as, nowe that we have it in 
 44 oure handes, we think four hundred of our men within it fhali 
 44 be able to keep it againft four thoufand of our enemies : and 
 44 yet it is much weaker to the caftell fide, than it was outward 
 44 to us. 
 
 4 ' It lieth afore the caftell which hath no loupe or flank to beat 
 w it : fo as our men be in it in favetie in fome part thereof, but 
 44 not in all ; havyng the Dyke at our commaundement, but not 
 44 with fure byding in it both for the toppe of caftle and a ringe 
 44 that goeth aboute it, for which ring there is good hopeing ; for 
 14 wee would faine have it, 'and they be loathe to lofe it ; fo fumme 
 44 tyme it is ours, and another tyme theirs : but yet we truft to fett 
 44 them by it ; but hitherto they have hardily defended it, and 
 44 fought hand to hand for it, much manfuller than other Burgun- 
 44 dian or Flemmings would have done ; for fuche as we have of 
 44 them will do no good where any daunger is, nor yet abyde there 
 44 with their wyll ; this, and lying in another place within their 
 44 firft Dyke, and almoft well entered the feconde, is hitherto as 
 14 far forth as hath been done, favyng that we lie fo nigh them 
 
 " round 
 
* e round aboate the toune, that we take more hurt with ftones than 
 44 ^ordynaunce. 
 
 «< Further, the French King is very defyrous of a peace, and 
 " maketh much fute unto us for the fame ; infomuche as he hath 
 44 fent unto us a letter of his ow.ne hand, defiring by the fame 
 44 a fave conduct for certain notable perfonages to repair unto 
 4< us from him in AmbafTade (that is to fay, the Cardinal of Bel- 
 " lave, the Premier Prefident of Roan, the Premier Threaforcr of 
 " all the Finances of France, the Capitayne of the Card to the 
 46 Dolphin, being a gentilman of his Privie Charribre, and one of 
 44 his principal Secretaries), who be come hitherwarde on their 
 44 wave to Abbeville attending for oure faufe conduyt, whiche wee 
 44 have fent to them ; and have appointed our cartel! of Hardelowe, 
 44 whereof you have been advertifed heretofore, for them to re- 
 44 payre unto, and fifty horfes in their company ; twenty to be 
 44 lodged within our faidcaftell, and the reft abroade in other places 
 44 at our appointement. 
 
 44 And for bycaufe the faid Frenche Kmgehrth promised to ufe 
 44 oure advife for the makinge of his appointement with the £/w- 
 44 perour, we have of late written to our Ambaflador with him to 
 4 * know what things he woll demaunde; whiche he hath fent to 
 44 us in certayn articles touched fomewhat with the extremeft : and 
 44 wee again have upon his defire to knowe our demaunde in caife 
 
 the Frenche men would iue to him for peace, fent to him for 
 44 our demaundes certayn articles, conteyning to have fatisfaftion 
 44 of the arrearages due unto us for our penfion, with all manner of 
 " damages and interefts which wee have fuftamed by reafon of the 
 41 warres.; and alfo the realme of Frounce, with the Duchies of 
 44 Normandy, Aquytayne and Guyenne; which demands wee have 
 ** made to meete with the extremitie of the Ewperour's demaundes, 
 44 which be fo fore, as it mould appeare, that either he mindeth 
 " to have no peace, or that if any peace mould be treated, he 
 
 44 would 
 
[ i? ] 
 
 ' Ci would plucke the honour of the compounding of it oute of 
 " our handc, notwithstanding that the matter was committed to 
 * 4 us by the French Kinge s fute ; and that alfo as the Frenche 
 " Kinge fayeth he never made means to the Emperour for a peace ; 
 44 all whiche thefe oure advertifementes wee pray you communis 
 44 cate unto oure Counfail attendaunt upon you there. 
 
 44 And whereas you defired to knowe our pleafure for accepting 
 44 unto you re Chambre of certain ladies in places of others that can- 
 4C not well give their attendaunce by reafon of ficknefs ; albeit wee 
 44 think tho(e whom you have named unto us as' unable almoft to 
 44 attend by reafon of wekenefs as others be, yet we remit the ae- 
 44 cepting of them to your oune choice \ thinking neverthelefle 
 44 that though they (hall not be mete to ferve, that you may if you 
 44 think fo good, take them unto your chambre to paffe the time 
 44 fometime with you at playe ; or otherwife to accompany you for 
 44 your recreation. 
 
 44 As touching your requeft made unto us for Archier's wife, N 
 " we are content, at your defire, to ftaye tbnegyvinge from her of 
 44 thofe things you wrote for ; and fo may you doe there untill 
 44 you hear further of oure pleafore in cafe any perfone would fue 
 * 4 to have any of them. 
 
 44 Att the clofyng up of thefe oure letters the byfyzing of the 
 * 4 caftell aforenamed with the Dike, is at our commaundement, 
 44 and not like to be recovered by the Frenche-men againe as wee 
 44 truft ; not doughting, with God's grace, but that the caftell and 
 44 towne (hall fliortly follow the fame trade. For as this day, 
 44 which is the Eighth of September, we begyn three batteries, and 
 44 have three mynes goinge, byfyde one which hath done his execu* 
 44 tion in fcaking and tearyng of one of theire greateft bulwarkes. 
 44 No more to you at this time, Sweethart, both for lacke of 
 44 tyme and great occupation of byfinefs ; favyng wee pray you 
 44 to give in oure name oure hartie bleffinges to alle our chil- 
 
 D 44 dren t 
 
I >8 ] 
 
 " dren : and recommendations to ourecoufin Mar get t % and the reft 
 m of the ladyes and gentillwomen ; and to oure counfell atioe ; 
 M written with the hand of youre lovinge Howfbande, 
 
 M Henry R." 
 
 This letter points out the effects which had then been produced by 
 the liege : the bray of the caftle was taken : and three frefti batteries 
 had begun to play on the caftle and town, which, with three mines 
 that day fprung, did great execution in deftroying the largeft of 
 the bulwarks; and on Thurfday the nth of September (fays the 
 Diary) " The trayne of powder was fet to the caftell, and the 
 " King's Majefty, accompanied with the Earl of Surrey, and the 
 " Lord William Howard, went to his (landing to fee the caftell 
 " fall ; at which fall many of oure men were hurt with ftones, 
 <f whiche flewe very farre oft. The fame time oure men gave af- 
 " fault to the Flemmyngs Toure, and in certain other places of 
 " the towne ; and many men were flaine on both partes." 
 
 This feems to be the precife point of time which the Painter 
 made choice of to reprefent the fcene in this third compartment. 
 The circumftances given in the Diary and in the Picture exactly 
 correfpond. The King is feen at his {landing, accompanied by 
 fome of his generals. The town and caftle are reprefented as being 
 in a ruinous condition. A large breach is made in the wall towards 
 the north ; and the men in the trenches before it are preparing 
 for the afiault under cover of a battery, which is playing furioufly 
 on that part of the town which adjoined to the breach. The bray 
 appears to be reduced almoft to ruins ; a breach is made in the 
 wall near the citadel ; and the cannon and mortars from all the 
 other batteries are playing on thofe fortifications. A general aflault 
 is made from every quarter, and the confequent effects are delcribed 
 by great numbers of (lain being reprefented. In {hort, if the Pain- 
 ter had defigned his work from the account given in the Diary, 
 i he 
 
[ '9 3 
 
 he could not have been more exa£t in the reprefentation he has 
 given ; which is a ftrong proof of the accuracy of the fcenes exhi- 
 bited in the picture. 
 
 The fiege foon after drew to a conclufion ; for, on Saturday the 
 13th of September, Monfieur Sautblemont, and Monfieur de As, 
 came out of the town to treat of a capitulation ; and on the 14th of 
 of September, being Holy rood- day, fays the Diary, the town fur- 
 rendered, and was delivered into the hands of the Englifh. The King 
 employed himfelf in fortifying the town, and repairing the works 
 from that time till the 30th of September; on which day, having 
 made certain Knights at his lodging within the town, he departed 
 to his fhip, and returned to England. 
 
 In this piece we have the compleat reprefentatioti of a fiege ac- 
 cording to the pracYife ufed nearly two centuries ago : we fee the 
 form of thofe fortifications which were then fuppoled to be fufri- 
 cient for the defence of an important frontier town. We alio 
 fee that town inverted by a powerful army, divided into four 
 camps, with the park of artillery in the midft ; and the fiege co- 
 vered by a body of forces, encamped at a diftance. Here we 
 are taught the form and manner of encampment ; the method of 
 carrying on approaches, and forming the attack : together with 
 the mode of defence. We fee the forms of great ordnance, mor- 
 tars, and military machines of various kinds then in ufe, fome 
 of which are of a very lingular fhape, being half-cones laid upon the 
 bed of their carriages, with their widefr. end towards the rear, 
 which formed a guard to thofe who fired them ; and the method 
 pra£tifed in working them ; the different implements of war, 
 ordnance-ftores, fafcines, camp-colours, entigns, banners, gui- 
 dons and tents ; as alfo the bread, baggage, and ammunition wag- 
 gons, then in fervice. Here likewife we learn the methods ufed 
 in preparing and fupplying the train and army with ftores, &c. 
 wanted in their different departments. We are (hewn the various 
 
 D 2 uniforms 
 
C 20 ] 
 
 uniforms or liveries of the refpective bands of foldiers, and the 
 habiliments of war, appropriated to the different corps ; we fee 
 every officer and perfon in his ftation from the King down to the 
 lowed ranks in the army ; and, in fhort, by duly contemplating 
 this very curious and interefting reprefentation, we may form a 
 tolerably good idea of whatever related to the military preparations, 
 of thofe times. 
 
 DIARIUM; 
 
C w.3 
 
 DIARIUM; SUPER VIAGIO REGIS, OBSIDIONE 
 ET CAPTIONE BOLONI.E * 
 
 TN the year of our Lord 1544, the nth of July, in the 36th year of the 
 reigne of the moft victorious King Henry the Eight, by the Grace of 
 God, King of England, France, and Irelande, Defender of the Faith, and 
 in Earthe, under God, Supreme Hede of the Churche of Englande and 
 Irelande, 
 
 After all his Majefty's provifions, and his capitaines afore fent to Monflreul 
 and to BoulloignCy all his noble captaines and armie with their artillerie and - 
 provifions therefore, with viclualls, munitions* and all things provided by 
 fea and by lande, his royal Majefty toke his journey the nth of the fame 
 moneth from his Pallays Royall of Weflmynftre to Earyth by water, and 
 tarried there that night. 
 
 The next day (being the 12th of July) his Majeflye departed from thens 
 to Grave fende by water, and there dined ; and then took his horfe and rode 
 that night to Fevcrjha?iu 
 
 The 13th of July his Majeflye rode from thens to a houfe of my Lorde 
 the Arch-byfhopes of Canterbury called Forde, and there dined : and rode 
 the fame night to Dover. The 14th of July, his Majefty toke {hipping 
 towardes Calleys, and arrived there at nine of the clocke within night,- and 
 theare receaved him the Lord Cobham, Deputie of the towne ; and the 
 Mayre withe his bretheren ; which Mayre prefented the fworde to the 
 Kings Majeily, who delivered that to the faid Lord Cobham ; and the 
 Mayre bearing the Mace on the left hande of Mr. Gartler, and all the offi- 
 cers there prefent in their cotes proccded before his Majefty to the Checks 
 quer whereas he lodged ; that done, the Lord Deputie retourned to the 
 
 *• Eibl. Cotton. Calig, E. 4. fol. 90. 100. Rymer's Foetlera, torn. XV. y->-$* — 57' 
 
 a kites* 
 
C " 3 
 
 -gates for the keyes, and brought them to the Kinge, where they remained 
 nightly, his Majeftey's beinge in Caileys. 
 
 The next day after, the noble Prince Duke of SufFolke, being the 
 King's Lieutenant, with the Matter of the Horfe, and other noblemen, 
 came from the camp at Morguyjon to his Majcfty there, and tarried the 
 fpace of three dayes, and then retourned : 
 
 The 15th day, the King's Msjeftie went about the walles of the towne 
 of Caileys, and fee the nywe Bullwerks and the reparations theare 
 doone ; 
 
 The fame daye, the Emperor's High Admirall came to the Kinge's Ma- 
 jeftie to the toune of Caileys ; and there remained the fpace of eleven days, 
 and then retourned : 
 
 Trydaye(the 18th of July) my Lorde of Suffblke, my Lorde Marfliall, 
 and divers other noblemen, with a certain company of horfemen and foot- 
 men, and a piece or two of artyllerye, went from the campe at Marguyfon 
 to vue the towne of Boulloigne, and fkirmiftied with them of the faid toune, 
 and clenfed the wood of pillegers and robbers ; and then retourned to the 
 campe : 
 
 Saterday (the 19th day of July) my faid Lorde of Suffolke removed the 
 campe {torn Marguyfon to Boulloign, very neare approaching; wheare in- 
 continent fertain of our Hucquebutiers went neare to the walles and fldrmtfhed 
 with the Frenchmen ; wheare were flaine divers on both parts ; and forth- 
 with, our artillerye was bent to the toune, and there remayned daylie ap- 
 prochinge nerer and nerer : 
 
 Monday (the 2 ill of July) in the morninge, Huberdyn was flaine with 
 a -half-haache, out of the wache Tour, as he and his men went to vue the 
 fame ; and the fame daye in the afternoone Bas Bulloigm was taken, and 
 the Frenchmen driven in at the gates of the High Toune, and would have 
 burnt the faid Bas Bulloigne, but they were fo fore approached that they 
 could not, arid fo they lefte muche fpoile in the fame, as fault, pitch and 
 tarre, and other merchandife to a great value, and much more they con- 
 veyed by their boats and mippes, for lacke of our fhippes being at the 
 haven's mouthe ; and <very much fpoile of cattell was taken the fame 
 daye by our horfemen, who killed and drove many Frenchmen into the fea 
 ,on the further fyde of the haven. 
 
 Tuefday 
 
C *3 ] 
 
 Tuefday (the 22d of July) there was a cannon had up to the watch 
 tour to mote at the fame, which feeing the French men, they rendred 
 them to my Lord of Suffblkes mercy, they being in nombre fourteen 
 men and one boye; which were committed to warde, and after de- 
 livered into the toure, yelding fo many prifoners of Englifh-men for 
 them : 
 
 Thurfday (the 24th of July) Monfieur de Vendofme's trumpet, came to 
 my Lord Lieutenant before Bulloigne, and was fliortly difpatched the fame 
 night. 
 
 The fame daye Sir Anthony Wyngfelde with five hundred of the garde 
 camped at Cauffey Poindt. 
 
 The Ordre how the King's Majestie departed out of the Toune 
 
 OF CALLEYS ON FrYDAYE THE 25TH OF JULY. 
 
 Firft, the drommes and viffleurs; then the trompets ; then the officers 
 of armes; then the Barons; then Mr. Garter next before the King's banner ; 
 then the Duke of Aberquerck ; then the Earle of Rutlande bering the- 
 King's banner difplayed ; then the Kings Majefty, armed at all peces upon 
 a great courfer ; then the Lorde Harberde bearing the King's hed-pece and 
 fpeare ; then the henchmen well hor.fed and well appointed : and when the 
 King's Majeftie came without the gates, there met with him the Duke of 
 Alberquerk's Company, to the number of a hundred horfe : whereof fix of 
 them were barbed with clothe of golde ; alfo the Erie of EiTex, Chief 
 Captain of the Men of Arms, and Sir Thomas Darcy, petie Captaine, ac- 
 companied with a great nombre of horfemen ; and theare.fet themfclf 
 in their beft ordre ; furft the light horfes and demy lances then the garde 
 on fote, that is to fay, 25 archers on the right fide, and as many gunners on* 
 the left fide-, Cheftre Gentylman Huiffier had the leading of the archers; 
 and Harman, Gentylman Huiffier, had the leading of the gonners; the 
 King's Majeftie in the myds of his Pikemen ; then followed the men of 
 armes ; alio alooff off, there were 50 archers on horfebacke on the right 
 fide who were ledde by Mr. VVilloughbye; and on the left fide as many 
 Gonners on Horfebacke, who were ledde by John Uprichards, and thus 
 marched forwards; and at Sandingfelde flood embatyied the Captaine o£ 
 
 the 
 
ft*'} 
 
 the garde, with all the garde and others in good ordre, till the King was 
 pall ; and fo marched after the Kinge, every bande in ordre having his 
 banner difplayed ; and the bands of horfemen with their guydons metinge 
 the King's Majeftye all the w.ayqs, and camped that night a Marguyfen; 
 being a very great tempeftuous night of rain and thondre ; 
 
 The faid 25th daye in the afternoone the French men came out of 
 the toune of Bulloigne on foote, and fkyrmimed with our foote-men, harde 
 by the braye in grete fpace : and at the faid fkyrmisftie Mr. Winter's bro- 
 ther was flaine, with divers others on both parties : 
 
 The 26th daye the Kings Majcftie marched foorth towards Bulloigne \ 
 and when he was a mile on his way, there met with him Sir Raufe EU 
 derka, with a great company of light horfemen, and all other horfemen in 
 bands as they were in ordre who conducted his Majeftie to the campe 
 before Bulloigne, where the Duke of Suffolke met with him and brought 
 him to the north fide of the toune neare to the fea; where he camped in 
 good ordre. 
 
 The 27th daye the French men put out of the toune the Aieer*, for to 
 greafe in the towne ditches ; the which were fetched away by our men, with 
 whom the French men fkirmiihed : wheare we loft but one man, and 
 brought away the Iheepe : 
 
 The 28th daye of July my Lord Admyrall, with the Lorde Clynton 
 and Mr. Gennyns of the privie chambre ; with certain other captaines, and 
 the nombre of 900 men, whiche had ben before in Scotlande ; arrived at 
 Bulloigne Haven. 
 
 Tuefday the 29th of July, Sir Thomas Poynyngs repaired to the King's 
 Majefty from Monjlreull; and at his retourn pafled the caftell of Hardeloe, 
 the which was rendryd unto him bothe men and goodes at the fummoni- 
 tion of a trumpet ; in which caftell was 50 foldyors and a hundred pefantes 
 whiche were all taken pryfoners, and their captaine named Anthonie de 
 
 was brought to my Lorde of Suffolke the fame daye ; who retourned 
 
 againe the fame night to the faid caftell, with Sir Nicholas Poins and fer- 
 taine other men of armes : and Mr. Peter Carew with 50 men was ap- 
 pointed Captaine of the fame. 
 
 The 30th of July, being Wednefday, Richmond Herauld came from 
 my Lorde of Isorthfolke, and brought with him a gentylman named 
 4 Jaqucs 
 
[ =5 ] 
 
 Jaques tie Fremozelles, and in his company a French trumpet; which JaqiK~' 
 and the trompet laye in the Duke of SurTolke's camp, with Mr. Palmer, tyll 
 the fryday after. • . 
 
 Frydaye the iftof Auguft, the. faid Jaques was had to the Court, and 
 fpake with the King's Majeftie for his wyffe, who was within the toune of 
 Boulloigne. 
 
 The fame daye Mr. Bryan came to the King's Majefiy. 
 
 Sondaye the 3d daye of Auguft, erly in the morninge the battel y began 
 on the eaft fide of the toune. 
 
 Wednefdaye the 6th of Auguft, the Count de Bure, accompanied with 
 200 horfemen, came from Movjlrevll to the campe to fee the King's Ma- 
 jeftie ; who gave to the fayd counte a goodly courfer of the race of Eng- 
 lande well fadled and richely appointed : the fayd Counte remained three 
 dayes with the King, and then retourned to Monjlreull. 
 
 Frydaye the 8th of Auguft, at one in the mornyng our men gave them 
 of the towne an alarombe. 
 
 Twefdaye the 12th of Auguft, there came to the campe 500 Flemyngs, 
 of whom was the Captaine Taphorn : 
 
 The fame daye one Lyghraaker, with a hundred horfemen clevoit, came 
 to the campe. 
 
 The 13th of Auguft there came to the King's Majeftye three Enfeignes 
 of Allemaignes well horfed ; whereof the one enfigne was Gonners, and 
 the reft men of armes ; and the faid Allemaignes mouftred before the 
 King's Majeftie the 21ft of Auguft : 
 
 The fame daye Mr. William Burgat, furveyor of Calleys, was flaine in 
 the trenches. 
 
 Alfo the fame daye, the Erie of Hartforde came to the King's Majeftie 
 before Boulloigne. 
 
 Thurfdaye the 14th of Auguft, the captaine of the Spaniards, with a 
 hundred of gonners, came to the campe ; which company went dayly and 
 found, by reafon of French boyes that they had in their company, great 
 bootyes hydd in the ground, as wooll, belles and houfehold ftuff, to a 
 great value, at dyvers tymes ; infomuche that two Spaniards forfook their 
 captain at Monftreull, and came to the fayd Captaine to ferve him, and 
 were hanged for their travell ; and the reft commanded by proclama~ 
 tion to draw home againe to their captains uppon paine of death 5 
 
 E The 
 
C *6 ] 
 
 The fame daye Hunt the King's Smyth was flaine, with a gon, in my 
 Lord Admirall his leger, in his forge; 
 
 Alfo the fame daye in Bas Bulloigne was hurt, with one fhot, Mr. Goo- 
 dolphin, Mr. Harper, and Mr. Culpeper. 
 
 Twefdaye the 19th of Auguft, early in the mornyngc there came to have 
 entred the towne of Bulloigne, fertain of the beft picked men of the realme 
 of Fraunce, to the nombre of an hundred or more : whereof were flaine and 
 taken threefcore and five, and fertain of them entryed into the toune, they 
 commynge the fame night from Hcdynge, on horfebacke, the mod part, 
 their guyde being a preeft, which forfooke them at their moft nede, but 
 yette he was taken i and all their horfes, which were very fymple, were 
 taken ; and our fcoute, a Nordern man, for caufe he did not watche, was 
 hanged \ 
 
 1 he fame daye, the Highe Allemaignes horfemcn came to the campe ; 
 allfo the fame daye at night, foone after fupper, as the watche went to the 
 trenche, the fteeple fell doune. 
 
 Thurfdaye the 21ft of Auguft, the King's Majeftie took mouftre of the 
 Allemaignes ; the which were well allowed •, 
 
 Saterday the 23d of Auguft, being Bartholomew even, atxii at midnighr, 
 our men gave them of the toune a great larombe; and on Bartholomew 
 daye in the mornyngc an other; which two dayes were very foul of raync 
 and wynd ; and Monday the next day, alfo. 
 
 Sondaye the 24th of Auguft, being Bartholomew daye, my Lorde of 
 Northfolke came from Monjlreull to the King's Majeftie, and departed 
 againe the next daye afier. 
 
 Teufday the 26th of Auguft one of the fcoult watch, Sir Rauf Elderka 
 his fcrvant, was hanged, bycaufe he was abfent from the fcoult when the 
 French men came to the toune. 
 
 Wednefday the 27th of Auguft early in the mornynge, at one of the 
 clocke, our fcoult lent worde to my Lorde of SufFolke, that theare was 
 feen by them a very great nombre of French men : whereupon arofe a 
 greate alarombe in all the campes. 
 
 The 29th daye of Auguft, at two in the momyng, there was a great 
 feyrroyslhe at the whiles, which was very fharpe for the tyme. 
 
 ' The 
 
C *7 ] 
 
 The 30th of Augufte, at night, was a greater ikyrmyfshe then the 
 nyght before; and more ftiarper for the tyme : the fame daye, my Lord 
 Prevy Seall came from Monjlreull to the King's Majeftie, and retourned the 
 next day after ; 
 
 The laft daye of Auguft, in the afternoone, oure men were aflembled 
 in the trenches to affaile the braye and bycaufe all things were not redye 
 for their entry, that was referred tyll the next morrowe. 
 
 Mondaye (the 1 ft of Septembre) erly, at one in the mornynge, Sir 
 Hughe Paulets men wan the braye, with lolFe of dyvers men on bothe 
 parties. 
 
 Tuefdaye (the 2d of Scptembre) in the afternoone, at one or two of the 
 clccke, our men in the trenche and braye gave the caftell alarombe ; after 
 which larombe, an houre, fertain of our men were fent doune ro gyve the 
 faid caftell a faulfe larombe at the breche of the fame, while our men in 
 the braye brake open fertain doores into the cailell, where they found 
 great refyftance of men, haylefliot, and ramparies of ftone and erthe, fo 
 that they could not entre ; and at the breche of the caftell the enemys 
 cfafl doune grcate aboundance of fyre and flone, fo .that our men were 
 fairie to recoill, and many of them burnt and hurte at bothe places ; at the 
 fame tyme Wood all was hurt, and Sir Richard Long's Captaine, Meffieurs 
 Kichard Spencer, and Hambert Crumwell's Captaine, were fore hurt, with 
 many other of our men ; 
 
 Wednefdaye (the 3d of Septcmbre) at eight of the clock 11 the night, 
 Sir Chriilopher Morys was hurt on the breft, with a hand-gon againft the 
 caftell ; but de demened himfelf very valyauntly before, and killed all the 
 mafter gonncrs of Bulloin ; 
 
 Thurfdaye (the 4th day of Septembre) our myners at the two mynes 
 againft the braye approached the contrcmure of the caftell, which was very 
 hardc and great ftones ; the Came day, at two of the clocke in the morn- 
 inge, arofe a marvellous lightning, thondre, and rayne, and continued 
 two hours; and after faire weather; the fame daie the traine was fet 
 to the toure on the fouth fyde of the toune ; and rove the fame very fore ; 
 
 Fridaye (the 5th of Septembre) our men began to pike at the caftell wall 
 with their inftruments ; at whiche tyme the Frenche men made a great 
 larombe, and threw doun ftones and fyer ; and at fourc in the afternoone, 
 
 E 2 the 
 
C 28 1 
 
 the fame daye, they came out at the north fide of the toune, to the num- 
 bre of eightene perfons, and llewe one of our laborers, and entred 
 againe. ln01 
 
 Saturday (the 6th) at one in the morning, our men gave them of the 
 toune a great alarombe; the fame day, at midnight, the Frenche men 
 came out of the caftell to the braye, and give our men alarombe, and 
 flewe fertain of them ; the fame daye the Lorde Warden of the Fyve- 
 Ports came from Monjlreull to the King's Campe within night. 
 
 The 7th of Septembre as our men were fetting the watche, two 
 Ytalyens came out of the toune over the walles, and rendryd them unto 
 the King's Majeftie : and the fame night our men threw fertain balles 
 of wild fire into the toune. 
 
 Tuefday (the 9th of Septembre), the Erie of Harforde, the Byfhope of 
 "Winchefter, Sir William Paget, and Sir Richard Riche with two com- 
 panyes of horfemen, my Lorde Fitzwater, and fertain other gentlemen, 
 went to Hardloe caftell to the French King's ambafladeurs, being there ar- 
 rived the fame day ; whofe names here follow, 
 
 Furft, Jehan de Bellay, Cardynall and Byfhope of Parys ; Piere Remon, 
 Chief Prefident of Rooen and Counfailler to the Kinge in his Prevy Coun- 
 ceillj Claude de Lambefpine, fecretaire des Commandements du Roy; and 
 Jehan Deftrumcll, Knyght, General des Fynances du Roy. 
 
 Thefe with fertain other gentilmen, and other to the nombre of 50 hors, 
 and after fertaine gretinge betwene thefe lords, they went to fupper ; 
 and then to counfeill ; and after tooke leve eche of others for that night ; 
 
 The next day after (being Wednefday) the icth of Septembre, my 
 Lorde of Suffolk, and Sir Anthony Browne, with a great company of Lords, 
 Knights, and gentilmen, and men of armes, in gorgeus appareil!, went to- 
 wards Hardeloe to the faid ambaffadours ; and anon, after their arryvall, 
 they went to dinner, and then to councill ; and after councill, my Lorde 
 of Suffolk, and Sir Anthony Browne, with all their companye aforefyd, re- 
 tourned to Boulloigne ; 
 
 Thurfday (the 1 ith of Septembre) in the afternoone, the Erie of Surry, 
 and the Lord William Howarde, came from Monftreull to the King's Ma- 
 jeftie : the fame daye the trayne of powder was fet to the cajlell, and the 
 Kings Majejlie, accompanied with the faid Erie of Surrey, and the Lorde 
 7 William, 
 
C *9 ] 
 
 William, went to his /landing to fee the caflell fall ; at which fall many of 
 our men were hurt with flones, which flewe very far re off: the fame tyme our 
 men gave faut to the Flemmyngs Tour, and in fertaine other places of the tozvne 
 and many men Jlaine on both paries. 
 
 Saterdaye (the 13th of Septembre) at nyne in the morninge, came out 
 of the toune of Boulloigne, accompayned and conveyed by the Lord Saint 
 John, and Sir Thomas Palmer, to Mr. Secretary his tent, Monfieur de 
 Sautblemont, and Monfieur de As ; and there came unto them the Duke of 
 Suffolk, with the King's moft honourable Counfeill, and communyd with 
 them till the afternoone ; and then Monfieur de As went into the toune, 
 and Sautblemont tarried theare all that night. 
 
 The 14th of Septembre (being Holyroode-daye) the toune of Boulloigne 
 fent againe in the morninge, Monfieur de As unto Sautblemont, and they 
 both dyned that dye with the Lordc Marfliall Erie of Arondell ; and after 
 dinner, the faide two Captaynes went to the King's Majeftie, and theare 
 made the rendition clerclie, accordinge unto their appointcment ; and my 
 Lorde great Matter, with others to him appointed, went to receive the 
 toune, and the officers of amies there appointed to fett up the King's ban- 
 ■ ners and fligs, as well in the caftell as in the toune; and a proclama- 
 tion in the toune that all rhofe that wolde tarry, abyde, and remayne, and 
 be fworne to the King, mold have their bodyes and goods faufe : where- 
 fore dyvers men, women, and priefts, and others tarryed upon the fame ; 
 and all the refte, that would not, avoided the toune, men, women, and 
 children : 
 
 The King's Majeftie, being advertifed that they were avoided, com- 
 manded them to (lay without the town unto fuch time as his Majeftie had 
 feen them pafs ; and fo his Majeftie's Highnefs proceded to fee them, in 
 manner followinge : 
 
 Furft, the King's Majeftie embattelled with horfemen and fotemen, 
 marched untyll a quarter of a myle beyond Boulloigne to Monftreull waye, 
 and theare flood his Majeftie, with the horfemen of the Allemaignes on 
 the one fyde, and the horfemen of England on the other fyde, the Matter 
 of the horfe berynge the Sworde naked ; they of the toune of Boulloigne 
 marching before his Grace in the manner followinge, 
 
 Furft, 
 
[ 3° 3 
 
 Furft, all the raikall men, women, and children, bering their fardel- 
 lers and trniTes, with horfes, afies, and mulets laden, and wagons with 
 baggage to the nombre of a hundred carts, and poore women leadinge of 
 their beafts, verry lean and meagre; the nombre of thefe poore people, 
 men, women, and children, by eftimation, two thoufand. 
 
 And after them came marchinge in ordre the men of warre of the 
 toune, five in a rank of Gonners, Pikers, Holberders, Arbaleftriercs, and 
 men of armes on horlback, to the nombre in all two thoufand perfons ; 
 bcfidcs dyvers that went over the ryver another waye to Hardloe wards 
 that came not in our fight, that was verry late or they were all paft, 
 
 Then began the winde and raine with fuch ftorme as has not been feen, 
 blowing down pavylyons and tents in the felde, and dyvers Ihippes lying 
 in the Haven's mouth broken in pieces and brufid, and muche vicUiell de- 
 ftroyed by reafon thereof ; 
 
 There came the fame night unto the King's cair^e from Uardehe 
 the French King's ambafladours aforenamed, their tents an! pavilions ap- 
 pointed for them were bloun down to the grounde - y and the fame night 
 alfo wheare they fupped, the tents fell doune on their heds ; in fo much 
 that the next daye, after that they had fpoken with the Kings Majeftie, 
 they went and lay within the toun of Boulloigne by the King's commande- 
 ment; with dyvers of the counfeill with them; the ftorme durynge every 
 daye, with wynde, and raine, and foule wether, tyH the Thurfdaye (the 
 25th daye of Septembre) the daye of their departinge ; 
 
 Thurfdaye (the 18th of Septembre) the King's Majeftie made his entric 
 into the toune of Boulloigne from the campe, whereas his Majeftie laye ; 
 and theare remained fortifying of the toun, and gathering of his artillery, 
 and vueyng what workes his Majeftie would have done, until! the day of his 
 departing into England ; 
 
 Thurfdaye (the 25th of Septembre) the Lorde ■Marfhall, the Lorde 
 Saint John, and Mr. Comptroller, with the numbre of five thoufand men, 
 and certain felde pieces, went towards MonJlreuil\ 
 
 The fame daye the French AmbafTadours departyed homewards by 
 Hedyng ways ; and tydings was brought that the Emperor had peace with 
 the Frenche King; and that the Dolphin would come with all his power to 
 raife the ficge there ; 
 
 Fry day 
 
C 3' ] 
 
 Fryday (the 26th of Septembre) my Lord of Northfolk, accompa- 
 nied with fertain other Lords and gentylmen, and a goode company of 
 men of amies, and footmen, went to a wood beyonde the river to chafle 
 fertain Frenchmen which were there feen the night before ; 
 
 Sondaye (the 28th of Septembre) monftres were taken of all the King's 
 Majefties battaile, as well horfemen as footmen, without Monjireull gate ; 
 whereat the King's Majeftie was prefent in perfoune ; 
 
 Teufdaye (the 30th and the laft daye of Septembre), the King's mod 
 excellent MajelUe made fertaine Knights at his lodging within the 
 toune of Boulloigne ; and incontinent departyd to his fhipe, and fo into 
 England ; 
 
 Wenfdaye (the 1 ft of Octobre) in the afternoone, there arofe a great 
 alarombe in the toune of Boulloigne, by the means of fertain French men 
 that were nere to the toune, to the numbre of 1500 horfemen : with 
 whom the Duke of Northfolk, and my Lord Prevy Seall (who were then 
 camped on the other fide of the toune beyonde the water) were redy to. 
 give battaill, and fertain of our horfmen fkirmifhed with them, and toke 
 and flewe fertain of them; and at the la ft the Frenchmen fledde;- 
 
 The Fridaye(.|d O&obre) the Duke of Northfolk, the Duke of Suffolk, 
 and my Lord Privie Seale, did embattail their companies, and marched in 
 their beft order towards the toune of Galleys, that fame night ; that day 
 the Frenchmen did fhewe themfelfes at a wood's fyde, and would have 
 taken certen pecces of ordonnance which were refkewed by the horfe- 
 men ; and after the arryvement at Caleys many of the Duke of Norf- 
 folk's armyc, and my Lord Prive Seall's, and others, died of the flyx : 
 
 Tuefdaye (the 7th of Octobre) the Dolphin came with his army fecretly 
 in the night to have ftollen the toune of Boulloign, and certen of them en- 
 tred the toun of Bas Bullcin apparelled with their Ihirts over all becaufc 
 they would be knowen, and cried " Eowesj" and the people hearenge. 
 the larum, reforted unto them, thinking that they had been friends, for 
 becaufe they cried Bowes; and then flevve both men, women, , and. chil-; 
 dren, that they might come by,, and went to the fhippes to have (poll- 
 ed them ; but they were kylled and fJain all them that approached the 
 Ihippes, to no fmall nombre;. and after that our Captaine, Sir Thomas 
 
 Foynyngs, with other, fett upon them and flew to the Bum ; 
 
 and with that the Dolphin recuilled and fledd back with no fmall loflc ; 
 
[ 3* 3 
 
 And then the Dolphin, feeing he could not prevaile there, he went to 
 Guy pie s> and afiauHed thereabouts and burned certain villages, and loft dy- 
 vers of his Captaines and their men, 
 
 And fo he, with dy vers of his company went to Hammes Turnpyke, and 
 there was taken and flaine to the nombre of 40 and at Guyfnes flaine and 
 taken to the number of .... ; 
 
 And the Fryday, and Saterday xi Odtobre, dyvers carts taken of vytells 
 of the Dolphin, whereof was vin laden with wyne, and the other vytell's 
 fpoyled and wagonners flain, and the vin wagons, with all the horfes, 
 brought to Bulleyn. 
 
 The Sonday the 12th day of Octobre, was appointed to meet at the 
 towne of Calieys, the Emperor's ambalTadors with the old legure, and 
 Monfieur de Courier, and the Bylhope of Camberfey, and the French 
 King's ambaffadors, the Bufliope of Parrys, Cardynall Bellay, with other, 
 to conclude a peafe ; the fame daye arryved from the King's Majeftie, the 
 Erie of Hertford, Lord Greate Chamberletn, and Sir William Paget, 
 Secretary.