■m 1 ^ S \ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/descriptionofnewOOglau «• A. *3!- # ❖ • 4 -- DESCRIPTION t O F NEW t A «• «• Philofophica! Furnaces, O R. t «• A new ART of Diftilling, divided intoEve parts* ❖ -<€♦ <* Whereantois added aDefcripiionof f the Tindlure oi GO L D, 4> 4^ «• Or the true # 4* AVKV U POTABILE; 1 «• 4* ♦ 1 4 4 ♦ The Firlil part of the ^5^1 NEK Ah ig» ❖ ^1* WVKI^, ❖ 1 A Set forth and puhliftiedfortbc fakes of them ♦ V ❖ # 4 ❖ ^S* rthat are ftudious of the TRUTH, «a» By John Rudolph Glauber* % t «• 1 •8» t Set forth in Englifli, By p. D. M. 4 « : ^ , i-i L 0 NT ONt Printed by Richard Coats, for Itho: Williams^ at 1 #• ■*€ < the Signe of the Bible in Little-Britain. i 6 < i. * I* '' ^ To his Honored Friend, JOHN JENISON in the BISHOPRICK of DVRHAM ES Q_V IR£. SIR. rceiving in you a fingu- crr ingenuity in penetra* into the Arcana s of , and a cheerful forwardnefs in a ehari table improvetnent of the utm your experience in doinggoo kind, erpecially to the defpifed poor, A 2 who he Epijlls E^dic^ttory* who cannot come with price in their ^ handsj I efteemed it as a fervice well pfcalTng toGod^and moft acceptable to * man^to beinftrumental in adding fome- what to that experience of yours , and of thole of like publick Ipirit with your felf^thcreby enablingyouto be yet more lerviceable to this your generation : I . therefore here prefent you with a rich Cabinet of natures unvaluable Jew- els- But know.that it hath many doors, the one whereof as being Ihut to many, ^tlt not to all,; ! have opened with an Englifhkey; the other mull be entred by a penetrating judgement quickened with Celellial lightening. ' Now where there arc publick Ipirits, profound Me- ditations and aconftant indultry. Di- vine illumination is at the door. The large 7 he Eppie IPedicatory, large arid boundlers fecrefs of ISfafiife will not attend private interellsinor the *deep myfteries of Nature be fathomed by fhallow apprehenfions, no nor her fair daughters be courted by inconftant fervants. But you are other wife qualified then to delpaire of fee- ing her felf in her own colours : She unvailes her felf to thole only that will admire her beauty ^ and not to thole that will call dirt in her face^being alto- gether unable to judge of her features. This PhitoJdphicalTrQatik being fre- quently & profoundly read maybe un- derftood,and being under flood by you wilqualifieyouwithfuchcapacities,that you may be able to make not only all the poor in your countryrich, but al the lick healthy, and thereby bring to vour A 5 " felf the Efijik Dedicatory. felf as much honor as mortality need care for. Accept of thefe my endeavors 3,s proceeding from a lenfiblenefs of your unfeigned love^ and relpc^s t© him whois . .a 'Sir, Englifh Readdt, Jnding the ftcond being the greatejl of this treat ife in private hands already tranjlatea into Bnglfp) by a learned German, / rvas mlling^ it being in jueh a forwardnefs^o fet a aji defer thy good^ feme few hours to teach the ether parts thereof fpeak the fame language. It ispitty that fuck ufefuland fo learn* ed writings Jhould be tbfeured from the Engltjh Nationm Many indeed would not' have any that underjtand no other language but that ^/England to read any thing of learning bm what is originally writ in Englifh : and what is the reafonlls it becaufe they would ^4^^England kept in igno^ rancCyOr becaufe they think they are not able to mderjland any thing befides what is writ in their mother tongue. This is my judgement that they that be ifttcliigent may un^ derjtand intelligible things alt hotigh they do not under* Jland Latin or German words^ as well as great lingnifi i hem fe Ives: for I do not believe ithat tongues do enlarge the capacity any otherwife then they enable any one for the reading of learned Ant hors. lam fo far from having mers confned to the knowing of things writ only in their own language y that I wi[h that all things truely worth knowing were writ in every language of the world^that intelligent men of all Nations may the better underfland intelligible ihiugs. I abhor to think that any Jhould make a Monopolie of learning which confijls more in the undrefianding of things things jhcn of tongues. Why PiOuU any. he unmUing that learning and . philofofhy both theoYetical and fraiUcal Jhouldbeprof^gatedC Are not ^hilofaf hers the heft mo^ raU\edmen^of the purefi lives ^ and mojl ferviceahle in their generation < It Jhall be m) prallifeas long'as I live to he infirumental in promoting true knojvledge^ rvheaherby rva'j ofTranJlation^ or any other rv ay of making rv hat is oc» cnltmanifejl, Norvdsforthistreatife in Jlead of a com- mendatory Bpijlle^ it is fufficient to fay that Glauber^ the Author of it. He ij carry ed upon the wings of Fame throughout the whole world. His Fame all know is great ^ and fly es high^ but his worth furmounts his Fame. He is a Thilofopher and chymijl indeed^ as appears by this enfuing Treatije^ in which are difcovered Juehfecretsthatbythe help thereof being underflood {as poffme they may ) the foorefl man may in a (hort time become very rich ^ the mofi flckly very healthy^ aud the bafejl truely honorable. In this tranjlation look not fo much at words as things^ as I my felf did : and as for Brratd s which perhaps may prove many iefldes what I have obferved in my curfory readings be thou fo courteous as to impute them neither to the F rimer nor my felf.^ but my at fence from the town all the time the hook was in the frefs. T his together with thine acceptance jhall oblige irhy Friend ' — . ' St r j. iv i A treftet A Preface to the Courteom %eader. done'by the vulgar lafti have, confide hitherto referved to my felf fecrets, fomc peculiar furna- and compendious wayes of di- aling, which with diligent ftudy d fpeculation I found outfome ’ yeers fince, by which many dlent works, impolfible to be may be performed; but now at .jring with my felf how advantagious _j may be to the world, determined to conccale this-art neylesnger, butforthe good of my neighbour to publiffi it, by giving to Chymifts a perfeifl and fundamental in- formation of this new inventedart, that they may no longer for the future fpend their time, and expend their cofts in long tedious opei ations, but may after a more cafiewayby the help of my furnaces be able to effed: many excellent things. Now this book fhallbe divided Mo five parts, the firft whereof lhall teach how to build a furnace, in which iincombuftible things are di- ftilled and fubUmed, and indeed (uch things which " ■ B • cannot 4 To the Reeder. cannot becfor.cby retort or any other vcflels, and how the Sp;rits, Flowers, and Ojdcs of Minerals, and Metals oiay by the help thereof b c prepared^ as alfo what tlKir. ' ufe,and vcrtucs are. ’ In the fecond part lhall be fhewed another furnace in, which combuftible things, as Vegetables, Animals,and Minerals are diftillcd and moftperfedlyfubtilized : by help whereof many moft excellent medicaments for the cure of moft grievous and othertvife incurable difeafes. and effeds may b c prepared* In the third fliall be taught a certain new invention hi- therto unknown,o£diftilIing burning fpiritsi, as pf Wine^ Gorne, Fruits, Flowers, Hcaibs^dnd Roots 5 as alfo the waters of Vegetables and Animals, and that in a great quantity, in a fhort time,and without much cofts 5 as alfo of jjoylmg Beer, Hydromel,, Wicc, and other things, which otherwife are made in Copper or Iron vefTcls % anci alkhisbythehclpof wooden veflcls, and benefit of a certain fmal Copper, or lion inftruraentof two or three pound weight,, and that after a certain cafic manet without furnaces. This newly invented Art dothallo teach divers Chymical operations, as putrefadions,, di*- geftions, circulations, extradions, abftradions,- coho» bations, fixations, 5 ec., And this invention is veryuer teffary and profitable for young beginners in this Art, for they need not in the making of burning fpirits, wa- ters of Vegetables, Extrads, and other Medicaments fo many Furnaces, and fp ibany Copper , Iron, Tin, Earthen and Glafs veflcls, for it is here taught how all theaforefaid operations may be done only by the help of a certain fmal Copper or Iron vcflcl in wooden vcflels well as by Alembic^ and other g^cat Coj^r veflcls^ which incanM a great deal of co/ls is faved, >' In the fourth part uwU be taught anothtr ccrtaincjand bitfKrto unknown furnace, in which all Chymical ope- rations may moft cs% be done : bang moft profitable for tf« trying of the natures of Minerals and Metals ^ as alfo for the proving, examining, melting, cupcllkig, and %arating of Metals, that nothing may be loft of them, andrbat after a compendious ml calie way, and that al(b CO great advantage. Inthc fifth fhall be taught how to make, and prepare Iron^ ’Earthen, Glafs, and other kind of infbumenrs ^neccftaryfor the aforefaid four furnaces, as alfo other tieccflai'y, and moft profitable Manuals. And indeed in the firft part, the Fabrick of the firft iurnace being delineated , I ihaJl alfo Ihew how by the help thcreofmw be made Spirits, Oylcs, Flowers, and other moft profitable Medicaments, alfo their vertues andufe, and that as faithfully as I may, and without fraud. And truly I do not doubt but thole of undcr- ftanding will approve of this work, but ignorant will contemne it .• For it is faid according to the Pro- VCth,He that bmlds by the highway will hear many things jftm them that finde faulty and efpecially from the vul- gar ,&c. Bat it would be well if thofe Thrafoees would put forth lomething more excellent, before theyfinde fwlt with and carp at other mens paincs and labours. iWberefore let no one rafhly judge of this work,untill he be throughly informed concerning the fime , and then I do not doubt but the Authour iballbc by him Com* monded. And it hjiply all things fhall not prefcntly fuccccd wel!^ p his minde, with him that fhall build this furnace, and B s operate “To the Reddey^, operate therewith, let him think with himfclf, that prei haps he hath erred in fomepart ('for it is a new and un-: known woik, in which any one may ealily erre ) and not prefcntly therefore murmur againft the Author, blame- inghim, becaufe he hath not wrote deer enough, but let him afaibe it to his own ignorance, and let him, ftudy to underftand the Authours meaning, and ftill be* pra^tifing upon it, and then I do not doubt, buth^ will have better fiiccefs, which I pray every one may* have,, A M E ‘ THE THE FIRST PAR X O F PHILOSOPHICAL FURNACES: CONTAINING A O F Making Spirits, Oyles, Flowers, and other Medicaments by the help of the firft of thofc Furnaces, after a nioft eafie, and . peculiar manner out ot Vegetables, Animals, and that with great profit : ALSO TheCHTMICALmd MEDi: C J ^ L ufi thereof By John Rudolph Glaue er. LONDON^ Printed by Rt c har dcotes^ for "Tho'. Williams at the figne of the Bible in Littk-Eiitain. 1^52. E. Thefirft fiiblaisiiigpdt, which is Sx into the wpperhok ofthefurnace. D. The upper hole of thefurnacct ^’.Thefc- coiidpot;. G. The third. H* The fourth. , / :d.Tbe The hole witfi. the widenefs of the furnace. B.thc middle hole by which the coals and matter to be diftiiled are caft in. C. A ftopple of flonc which is to flop the (aid hole af- ter injeftion. D.Thc upper hole with a certain falfebottome which is to be filled with fand; £. The cover of the upper hole, which is laid on after the injeftion of the coalcs^ and materials. A pipe going out of the re- ceiver, and Joyned to the firft pot. C. The firft receiver, H. Thefccond. /.The third, jft. A ftoole on which the firft receiver ftandsjhaving a hole in the middle, through which the neck of the firft pot to which a difti is annexed, pafleth. L* The difh, through the pipe whereof the refrigerated fpirits diftill, A receiver into which the fpirita collected in the difhdoflow. N. Aferewto be raifed higher at plcafurefor the better joyning the receiver to the pipe, and it goctlr through a ftoole. 0, The place of the pipe for the diftilling of fpirk of Vitriol and Allome. P% A grate confiftingof two ftrongcrofs iron bars, faftened in the furnace, and fourc or five morelefs that arc moveable, for the better cleaniing of the furnace© E. Thefirft fablinsiiigpot, which is lit into the upper hole ofche furnace. P. The upper hole of the furnace. f.Thele- condpoc. C.Thethird. H.Tkefourth. , :tf.Tbe The aft hole witK-, the widenefs of the furnace. B.the middle. hole by which the. coals and matter to be diftilled are caft in. C. A Hopple of Hone which is to ftopthefaid hole af- ter injcdion. D.The upper hole with a certain felftbottome which is to be filled with fand; E. The cover of the upper hole, which is laid «iver, and joyned.to the firft pot. C. The firft receiver f- Thefecond. J. The third, it. A ftoole on whicKe ih? nS”o Ah^ fi 'ft ® ^°u- “i^dle, through which I r ‘’■■ftpot tpwhichadifti IS annexed, paffeth. diftill ^ «7 ' P'P« whereof the refrigerated fpirits j a^’ ^ receiver into which the fpiritt c^llcficd in the diftidoflow. N. Afc^wtoberaifedhigherat pleafa"for ^e better joyiung the receiver to the pipe, and it goeth of2k of forthediftfuing ot Ipirftof Vitriol and Allome. P. A grate confiftingof wo ftrongcrofs iron bars, fattened in the furnace, and fourc Se forStff moveable, for the better clianling of Cf.The,. G. Thefirft crodked pipe fitted to the_ pipe of the furnace, F. The pipe of the lumace. H- A receiver fitted to that pipe, . . and fet in a tub of water for the accelerating the operations which recipient hath a cover with two holes 'through the hrlt whereof goeth a linglc crooked pipe, and through the other fViO crooked pipes, whereof one goeth into the.receiver.as • did the (ingle, and the other out of the receiver into Hi Hi T, The tubof w'ater, M,. A third pipe. . ^ By this way flowers are fublinied, and Ipicits diftilled Ipee- dily and in gteat quantity. ' t OF PHILOSOPHICA Of th€ jlruSiure of the fir fl Furnace* 1,1 -f^ ' S for the firft Furnace it may be built grwter or lefleras you pleale, a regard being had of the quantity of the ikpiM' to be diftilled^and alfo either round or fquare 5 cither of Bricks or by a Potter with Potters clay. Now when the I^a- meter is of one fpan, viz. withinfide, the height mufi be of iowv^viz* one from the bottom to the grate, another from the grate to the hole made for putting in of Coales, and two from thence to the top of the Pipe, which muft at leaft go forth;.out of the Furnace one fpan, left the receivers fliouldby the Mans of the Furnace be heated. The Pipe alfo muft have on the fore part a Diameter, anfwering the third part of the intrinftcal Diameter of the Furnace; alfo a little larger on the hinder part then the fore- part. Let the grate be fuch a one, as maybe taken out at your C pleafurc » of . m y Her Jpleafure and made clean, being ftopt by the «Mer that is call in and diftilled : for it is eafily ftopt in diftillingof Salts melted with the coales, whereby the aire is kept from coming to the fire,and the diftillation by confequenbe hindred ; Or let there be tAoie. put into the iuftd crofs-wife two ftrong Iron bars, upon which Jay four or five lefter,diftant the one from the other the breadtfi of a finger, going a little out of the Fumace^-itt which when they are ftopt, you may take them with a,^irc of Tongc rtiottfj' ftir andcleanfe them from thebuintwa*er, and then a- gainput them into their own places : wherefore alfo the Fur- nace muft on the fore part be open under the grate, that you may the better order the grate. Alfo the grate muft have above, a covering of Iron qi- Stone with a hole in the midle thereof with a eertaindiftinaion,which is to be filled vvith fand, that the cover may the better and more fitly fhut the hole, and prevent the exhaling of the fpirits which by this means will being forced, go forth^thorow th© Pipe into /nartfJ’Sbe receivers, afteryouhavecaft in theywRr which is to be di- fti]led._ Of the Eeceiveru let the receivers be made of glaft, or of ftrong earth, which may retain the fpirits, and fuch is WaIdburgick,Haffiack,Frech- heimenfian, Siburgic earth, &c. They are better that are made of glafs, if they are to be bad, and thofe efpecially which are made of ftrong and firme glafs, which may be fmoothed about thejoynts with aSmiris ftbne, andfo fitted that they may the better be joyned together, and then they need not Joeing (but how they fliall be fmoothed with the Smiris ftone, and be^tted , (hall be taught in the fifth part, which treates afManuals) be- caufe by this means they are joyned fo clofe, that no fpirits can go through the joynts ; otherwife you muft cloft the joynts with the beft lute, fuch as will not let the fpirits exhale, which /hall be taught in the book treating of Manuals. The form of the re- cipient you may fee in the delineation thereof. As for the quantity thereof, know that by bow much the greater they are thilofephtcd tmmeh'l i fo much the better they are, for then you need the fewcrj but the more, by how much the lefler they are. Let the fupcrior orifice be larger then the inferior, fo that alwayes another re- ceiver may with its inferior orifice be joyned to It, and let the inferior orifice have a Diameter of three fingers breadth or thereabouts, I mean in cafe the Diameter of the Furnace be of one fpan. For a greater Furnace requires greater holesjas alfo orifices of the receivers, by which means a fuffident, and due proportion ofairc may be given to the fire : or if the Diame- ter of the furnace be more then a fpan, itmuft alfo have two or three pipes (which being co-nfidered together fhould have a widenefs anfwcring the widenefs*of the third part of the Fur- nace, for fo great a widenefs, and Co much aire is required, if the fire burn freely and do its office) to which veflelsof the afbrefaid proportion muft be applyed, that the fire be not choaked. Now the figure that is annexed will teach the conjunftion of the receivers, as alfo their application to the furnace. And in the firft place the receiver ftands in a ihreefoot ftoole bored thorow in the middle, that the neck of the firft receiver may pafs thorow, to which is applyed^a diffi with a pipe receiving the dropping fpirits : To the firft there is joyned a lecond, and to that a third, and fo confequently Qviz, neer unto a wall or ladder) fo many as you pleafe. Let the upper receiver, and indeed, all the reft be left open 5 To the lower, as hath been (aid is joyned a diffi with a pipe, by which the diftilled fpirits run down into another certain gla(s veflel added there- unto, which being filled is taken away, and another is fet in the place of it, becaufe that is fet under it without luting, and therefore may eafily be changed. And if you pleafe to di- ftil any thing elfe, you muft take away that diffi with a pipe, and make it clean, and then joyn it clofe again ( that no (pirit may breath forth) to the work of the lower receiver. And if that diffi cannot be fo clofely joyned, that nothing exhale, pour in a fpoonfulof water, for that doth aftringe, neither doth it hurt the fpirits, becaufc in the reftifying it is iepa- rated. C2 Of 4 The frfi fm tf Of Subliming vejfclf, Thefeyou neediiotinakeof giafs^ or of fuch earth as may retain the fpirit?, as hath been alx)Ye mentioned ; it is ibfBci- ent if fo be they be made of good common potters earth and be well glazed within^Z'/x. of iuchatorm, and figure, as ap- pears by the annexed dcBneatiun. ^ Yctyou muftchoofe good earth that will endure the fire for thelowcr pots are fo heated by the fire, that they would be broken it they fliould not be made of good earth. Now I will (hew you in general the manner it felf of difiil- ing 5 as alfc the manual nec^ries in every difiillation. T'be manner of dijiiuing^ In thefirft place let there be fome burning coales pot in, which afterwards miift be covered with more until the Fur- nace be full almoft to the pipe, which being done Jet not the uppermoft cover be laid over its hole (that the heat andfmeke, " may pafs that way, and not thorow the pipe, and receivers which will thereby be red hot^ and this will be a hindrance to the diftillation J untill the fire be fufBcieniJy kindled and the furnace be throughly hot ; then caftin with an Iron ladle //r-iti:' of the prepared for diftillation as much as will cover the coales, which being done, flop the furnace very eJofe, by preffing down ftrongly the upper cover upon its hok, or fand, w^hich is put in the lower part of the hole being a place made for that purpofe. Now let him that cafts in any thing thorow the middle hole, prefently flop it with a fiopple of ftone and that very clofe, for by r his means all thofe things which were caftin,. will be forced after the manner of a thick cloud to breakforththrough the pipe into the receivers, and thereto condenfc themfelves into an acidfpirit, oroyle, and thence to difti! into the difh fetdnder,through the pipe whercofihey do yet diftil down further into an other glafs rtceiven The Coaks being burnt outj and all thefpk'ts being come forth, you mull caft in more Cbalcs, and more materials, until Thilofophieal Fisrmces. 5 untill you have got afufficient quantity of Spirits. In this way of diftilling, you may at your pleaiiire ceafe^ and begin again without any d mger. When you will make clean the Furnace, you need do no- thing elfc, then draw out the Iron bars that ly on the crofs bar, that t\\tCa\ut Mortuum may fall down, which afterwards may be taken away with a fire /hovel, which being done you nnift put in the bars again and lay them on the cro/s bars as before, upon which younuiftcaft burning coals, and upon them others until there be enough, then on them all being well kindled caft your materials. When you go to make clean the receivers, and to begin to dlftil an other thing, you need not remove diem, but only pour pure water into theni,^^. by their upper receiver, by tha defeending whereof the other are purified. And by this way not only out of vegetables, volatiles, and minerals (incombufiible) but alfo out of metals fixed, and ftones, rpiritSjOyles and flowers are drawn forth wondertuUy? caSly,and in good quantity,which otherwife could never have bscn done by the vulgar art of diftilling. Now in this furnace are diftilled only fuch materials, which^ being difiilled yeeld an incombuftiblc quantity, as common falt,vitrial,allom^and other mineral s,& veflels, each of which doth yet require their peculiar manuals, ifoperaced upon. Now becaufe this furnace doth not ferve for every w«ter,be- caufe the materials to be diftilled are caft upon burning coals, which are things combuftible, I have determined in iht fecond ~ part to give an other, a lefler unlike to this, yet convenient to diftil all combuffible things that are endued with volatile fpirits, as Tartar, Hart/horn, Amhcr,Salt armbniac,of urine. There arc by the help hereof made nKjft fubtile, yolatil,, fulphurcous fpirits of fairs, and minerals, as of common fait, vitrial, allom,nltre,^timony, and of all other minerals,and: metals, which otherwife without this furnace could not have been n>adc, with which fpirits wonderful things are perform- ed in Medicine, and Alchymie, a>s in the fecond part /ball be demonSrated more laigely . G 3. Now. 6 The jirfi fdrt 6f Now I will fhew you a way to make other receivers belong- ing to the firft fiirnace^and indeed fuch as are more fit for fomc operations, as the former were more fit then others : where- fore let him that will operate choofe thefe, or the other, as he pleafeth. As therefore the former being erefted upwards by a.walI,or ladder, by which means the fpirit might afeend from one in - to an other fo long, untill being refrigerated, and condenfed might again drop downward into the difh that is annexed thereto : fo thefe are a contrary way ftt and placed collateral! ^ inavcflel filled with cold water to condenfe thefpirits, by which means you need not fo many receivers ; Alfo they muft not befafhioned like the former, as to be open above , > and below, but only above like pots that ferveforboyling : but this you muft obferve that by how much the deeper and larger they are, by fo much the better they are. Alfo you muft joyn them together by the help of earthen pipes, beingfo diftinft, that the fpirits may be kept back, being yet hot (and not refrigerated) from pafling out of one into the other, but being forced through the middle of the feparation of the pipes may go to the bottom of every re- ceiver, and thence arife by another pipe into another re- ceiver that hath a double cover like the former, where again defeendingto the cold bottom, remain refrigerated, and con- denfed. Now three or four of thefe are enough ('whereas of other thirteen or fifteen are required) a regard being had of their greatnefs# Yon may fee the figure of thefe receivers, as alfo theirjoyn- ing together by the annexed delineation. Now forthemoft part one is fufficient for him that diftils a few things, cfpecial- / t : lyif the w^er be not pretious, and then let one crooked earthen pipe at leaft be joyned, one armewith the pipe that goethfordi ofthefurna'ce, theother with the receiver, but fb- that it go into the receiver downwards, even to the middle- riiereof, and then you need not (hut the orifice of the receivers, for it is no great matter if fomewhat evaporate, »i;3. ifthe^ to be diftilled be not pretious j And by this way may new thihfe^hicd Furndees] y new fpirits^ an^ new flowers be made every hbure, with the help of one furnaccj and one recipient but with this caution, that for every hew diftillation,the recipient bewafhedwith water before it be put to the pipe 5 which being put to, you may then caft your fpecics into the furnace, and this do till you have a fufficient quantity of fpirits. And this way of diftillation ferves efpecially for the try- ing of the natures and properties of many and divers mine- 1 alsjfuch as yeild in the fire fpirics, and flowers. For it would be too tedious in every new diftillation to apply a new and diftinft receiver : as alfo many ftudious of the Chymical art would (pit their ftudy, being able to make by retort but one^ tryalinaday^ And no wonder if expences, andlofs of time (hould deter many. Now here there is no need of many Retorts, nor of laving them, without receivers, and fiich like fuperfluous things ; neither is there here required the conftan|>prefcnceoFthe ope- rator, the obfervation of the regiment of firc,the negleft whre- of would otherwife endanger the lofs of the retorts and re- ceivers, and by confequcnce the lofs of labor. Thefe and fuch like tedious things are not here to be cared for, becaufi it is fufficient only to caft the upon the coals, and cover the furnace, and then prefently go forth thefpirits,and flowers of the fame kinde with their mineral : of which when thou haft got a fufficient quantity, thou rauft draw out the Iron bars, upon which the coals lye,that they may fal!down,and be taken away ; and whilft the furnace is yet hot, to put in the ; Iron bars again, and upon them to lay frefficoals, which then will of their own accord be kindled with the heat of the " furnace. In the mean time you'muft take away the receiver^ ' and make it clean and fet it to again, or if you had rather put another clean one, viz. for the new diftillation of another And by this way divers things may be in the fpace of i . houi* diftillcd, and fublimed,z>/«. in a fmall quantity. But he that^ , . will diftil, or fublime in a greater quantity, let him take three or.four pots that the Ipirittmay pafs from one into another, , that 8 ThepjlfArt of that nothing thereof be loft. Here need not (as I fald befdrcj the continual prcfcncc of the operator, for he may be gone, ceafe, or repeal as he pleafcj becaufc the work is without danger of breaking the retorts, and receivers. ^ He that knows the iifcof this furnace may do many things in a fhort time without fpending much time or cuft. For any ojie may do more by the help thereofhi one hour, then in the common way in 24. by which way alfo there is a great favingof coals, becaufe ten pound of coals will do more this way then a hundred the other. As for example, he that will try fliali make a pound of fpirit of fait in one hour with 3. 4. or five pounds of coals ; whereas after the other way are required fifty or fixty poundSjand at leafl: twenty or thirty hours umt^viz. in the common way by the help of retorts : which is indeed very tedious. Alfo by this way may be made the flowers of minerals, and HKtals, in a great quantity, very eafily, and in a fhort time without great coft, foastha’tin one hours fpacewith three or four pouud of coals may a pound of the flowers of An- timony be made. And this is no fmall help to the Phyfitian, andChymift. Moreover this furnace being once built endures for many yeers, andbeing broken is eafily repaired. And by this way you (hall need only materials to bediftill- cd, no retorts, and receivers are not indunger, by which means much coft is faved. Befides the aforefaid wayes I have yet another, and that more Gompendious,t;;>;. ofdiftilling, and fubliming , and more eafic, by which means in a very little time, an incredi- ble quantity of fpirics of falts, andflowersof Minerals, and metals may be made : which I (hall refer till another time be- caufe for the prefent I have faid enough. Now 1 do not doubt but diligent Chymifts will follow myfteps, and finde outthofe things which were unknown tome. For it is eafier to adde to things founde out^ then to finde out things unkriom. The conftruftion therefore of the furnaces being in mine opinion phihfofhordl Fur me'. ^ opinion cleerly fliewcd, there now follows the manner of di- ftilling, and fii bl i min g with it. Although haply, and contrary to my hope any obfciirity ftouldbe met withall^yet one procefs will explain another : and thediligent operator, and fcarcher of nature (hall with^ out doubt by his praftife attain theeffeft afterthe fame manner as I have preferibed. And this is that, which together with the bkfling of God may overtake all pious Chy- niifts, Amen. How the Sfirit of Salt U to be diftiSed, T he reafon why 1 enter upon the fpirit of fait, before I fay any thing of the fpirits of vegetables, is this,!'/^;. be- cauleit is even the chiefeft, which can be made in this furnace : fbrfev/ exceed this in ftrength and vertues; wherefore lalfo have given it the preeminence. Neither is there any of the acid fpirits, about which the Chymifts hitherto have been more bufied, then this, wherefore alfoit was of all, of greateft price, &c. For fome have mixed fait with potters clay 5 and have made this mixture into little bals, which they have for to get the fpirit, forced by retort into a very ftrong fire : fome have mixedfalt with bole, fome with the powder of tyles, others with burnt Allume, &c. Others ufin^ a more compendious way have made fait to flow in a retdrt, which hath a pipe both in the upper, and hinder part y by the upper pipe of which they have dropped in cold water, to elevate the ponderous fpirit s of the falt,but by the hinder they, have blown with bellows, to force the (pirits into the retort : and this way is not altogether to be flighted, yet it hath this in conveniency, that in procefs of time the retorts are broken, that they can no longer retain the fait, and fo the diftillation is intercepted. Some haveat- temptedit with Iron retorts, but by this means tbc fpirits have been deaded, becaufe they cafilyfet upon the Iron, whence in Head of fpirit they have bad flegme. Andfuch, and other D tedious IQ The frfi fdrt ef ^ tedious wayes of diftilling they have invented; and by the bcft of them indeed they could (carce diftill one pound in 24. or 30. houres fpace with 50. 60. or 100 pound of coals ; this being the reafon, becaiife the fait is very little wrought upon, and therefore it is that few ever had the fpirit right, and good, whence alfo the vertues thereof have been unknownv And this therefore I was willing to make known, thatii might appeare, what price this Ipirithath hitherto been of, andhoweafie, and abundantly, arid with what little coft, it may after my new invented way be made. Itis faid above,that the-inaterialsmay in this way of diftil- ling be immediately call into the fire ; yet this muft be wifely underftood. For although fome of the fpccies may without any preparation be immediately caft into the fire, yet it doth not follow that all and every one of them muft: for in fome of them we muft ufe our.difcretion, as in the diftilling of fait. For if thefak be immediately caft into the fire, it will not only yeeldno fpirits, but will leap fo long upon the coals, until! it finde a delcent to the lowtft part of the furnace : Now this may be prevented divers wayes ; and firft indeed after this manner : Diftblvc fait in common water, then quench ' burning coales in this wa^er, that they may be impregnated with the fait, which afterw^ards let on fijc’inthe furnace : but you muft firft caft in other burning coals, upon which you muft caft thofc that arc impregnated with fiilt untill the fur- nacebe full, as is above faid : and whiles the coales burn the the fait is rcfolvedby the force of the fire into fpirit.. Now you mufiobferve that he-that diftils fpirit of fait after this manner muft make choice of glafs receivers, bccaufethe fpirit whileft it is hot, penetrates by reafonof its wonderful fubtilty, thofe that are earthen. And this fpirit is of a moflr grateful taft* But in defe^Vpf glafs receivers,! fhall (hew you another way, whereinyou may ufe thofe that he of earth. Mix fait, and vitrial or allonic together,grinding them very welinamortcr ( for by how much the better they are ground the more fpirit they yeeld.) Then caft this mixture into the iirewith an Iron ladle, fg much of it as will bc.liiffici- Thilofofhicd Furmcesl 1 1 cnt to cover the coals, and then with a great fire the fpirits come forth into the receivers, where being coagulated, they diftill down into a difti, and th«ice into another receiver. And if thouknoweft how to work aright, the fpirits will like water continually run out through the pipe the thicknefs of a ftraw ; and thou niayeft cafily every hour make a pound ofthefpirit. Now the reafon why thou (halt by this way have more fpirits then the other, is this, z;/;?;. becaufe'the vitriol, and allome which is mixed with the (alt, makes it flow quickly, by which means it is prevented from falling down through the coals to the lower part of the furnace, but flicking to the coals is almofl alF of it turned into fpirits. The CafHt Mortmmy which is reddifh, eafily fals with the afties through the grate, and can no more be diftilled, but yeelds by excoftion a W'hite fixed fait, which ferves for the flowing of metals ; and being diflblved in warm water ferves allb for a glyfter againftthe worms, which it kils, atid purgethalfo the bowels. Thou wilt objeft, that the fpii itmade after this maner is not the true fpirit of fait by reafon of the mixture of vitriall and allome, but mixed, and compounded. lanfwer; There can by this way diftiil no fpirit of vitripll, and allGme,bcing that which I often tryed, caftihg vitriol , or allome into the furnace, where I received no fpirit at all ; the reafon of this is, becaufethefe fpirits are far more heavy then the fpi- rit of fait, neither can theyafeend fo great a height, z?i^. of three fpans, but are burnt, whence unlefs the flegme^nothing diftils. Wherefore the fpirit of fait that is made after this manner is not mixed, but pure and nieer fpirit of fait, of the fame taft, and vertue as that is of, that is made by it felf ; becaufe in this furnacy^He fpirit of allome, and vitriol cannot be made unlcfs a pip^ go out of the fnrnacc neer the grate, as you may fee by the delineation of the furnace, forotherwife it cannot be made ; befides,thefe fpirits are better, and more truly taught in the fecond part. Andifit be granted that fbmewhat together with the fpirit of faltcome forth f which isyetimpoffiblc) what hurt I pray you comes from thence D 2 ' either 2 2 The frjl fart of cither in the foliition of metals^ or medicine ? wherefore the fpiritmideaftcr this way is not to be fufpeaed. Yet I will fatisfie the incredulous j and will (hew him another way without the addition ofallom, or vicrial^for the diftilling of thatfpirit, but that will be in the fecondpartof thisbook^ where I will teach you the furnace by which is made (pirit of nitre, Aquaforis, and amongft combuftibles; the oylcs of vegetables, and fats of animals and other things which can-? not be made by this: and by this way I will fatiafie thofe,who , are not pleafed with the lormcr. Now for want ofglafs receivers we are forced to ufe earthen^^ but thefecaanot retain the fpirit of fait made after the afore- faidwayes: in. which cafe I could indeed difeover a certair^ little manual, by vertue of which .the aforefaid fpirit may be received even in a great quantity in earthen recipients ; but fore ertain caufes I (hall here be (ilent,and (hal refer it till the edition of the fecond part. Let it /ufhee therefore that I mentioned fuch a thing, wherefore omitting that, 'I flialL proceed to fheW' you the vertues, and ufe of this fpirit, as well mAlchymie, a$ in,medicine,8c other Mechanical^arts. Oftheufe of the Jfirit of Salt. TT is worth while to (peak of thepower, land vertues of excellent fpirit 3 what other authors have cleerly deferibed, I (hall herepafs over, and refer the reader to the writings of thofe Authors 3 touching only on fomefewof which they faid nothing. The Spirit of fait is by moft accounted a moft excellent me- dicine, and fafely to be ufed as well inwardly, as outwardly : It extinguifheth a preternatural third: in hot difeafes, abder- geth, and confumeth flegmatiqiic humors in the domack, cx- citeth the appetite, is good for them that arc hydropical,have the done, and gout,^^^. It is amendruum diiTolving metals, excelling all other therein : For it dilTolveth all metals and minerals (excepting (ilver) and almod all dones (being right- Ij prepared) and reducetb them into excellent medicaments. It • Fhilofo^hicalJwmses. 1^5 It cioth alTo many excellent things in mechanicall arts. Neither is it to flighted in the kitchen, for with the help thereof arc prepared divers pleafant meats for the fick as well as for thofe that are in health, yea and better then with vine- gar, and other acid things : and it doth more in a fmall quan- tity,. then vinegar in a great. But efpecially it ferves for thofe countreys that have no vinegar. It is ufed alfo inftead of verjuice and the juce ofLymons. For being prepared after this way, it is bought at a cheaper rate then vinegar or juice of Lymons. Neither is it con uptible as exprefled juices arc, but is bettered by age. Being mixed with Sugar it is au excel- lent fauce for roft meat. It prelerves afo divers kinds of fruits for many yeers. It makes alfo railins , and dryed grapes to Avell , foas to acquire their former rnagni- tude again, which arc good to rcfrefli a weak ftoniach in ma- ny difeafes, . and ferves for the preparing of divers kinds of meats of flcfti and fifli, but you muft mix Tome water with the fpirit,or elfe the rai fins will contraft too much acidity. This fpirit doth erpeciallyferve for making meats delightfully acid; for whatfoever things are prepared with it, as Chickens, Pige- ons, Vealcjd^c. are of a more pleafant taftthen thofe which are prepared wirh vinegar. Beefe being macerated with it be- comes in a few dayes lb tender, as if it had been along time macerated with vinegar. Such, and many more things can the fpirit of fait do. •Adiftillationo^vegetalleoyle^y v^herehy a greater quantity is acquit red:, then by that common way^ by a gourd ftill. f A S many'diftillers as hitherto have bcen,have bin ignorant JTv of a better way to diftill oyles of fpices, woods, and feeds^ then by a gourd ftill, or alembick, with a great quantity of water. And although they may alfo be made by retort, yet there is a great deal of care required, or elfe they contrari an Emfyreuma ; wherefore that way by a ftill is alwayes accoun- ted the better, which way indeed is not to be flighted if you diftill vegetables of alow price, and fuchas be oleaginous ; D3^ but 14 of but not fo in the diftillation Muft they be rectified by the fpirit of fait ? as even now thou taughteft. R. No, for although Ifaidthat oyles niightbe clarified with fpirit of fait, yet it doth not follow that my E mean-' iS The frjl pm of meaning was that that clarification was'the mending of. them : this is only a way of clarification, whereby they be- come more grateful I ; and it is not to be flighted, a better be- ing unknown. But how they are to be reftified from their fetidnefs, and blackncfs without the lofs of their vertues, and to be made more noble, doth not belong to this place, becaufe it cannot be done by this furnace : I (hall refer the reader therefore to the fecond part, where it fhall be Ihewed, how fuch fpirits are-to be re^ified without the lofs of their vertues^ which being fo prepared may well be accounted for the fourth . pillar of Phyfick. . And thefe things I was willing at Icaft for information fake to fhew you, not to offend you, and that becaufc J was moved with pity , andcompafiion towards my neighbor. ' The ^inteffenceof all vegetahleSo ^ P Our upon rpic€S,‘ feeds, woods, roots, fruits, flowerSje^c. the fpiiit of wine well rectified, place them in digefti- on to beextra^lcd, untill all the effence be extra^ed, with ' the fpirit of wine; then upon this fpirit of wine being impregnaud, pour the beft fpirit of fait, and being thus mixed together place them in Balneo to digeff, untiJl the oyle be feparated and fvv^im above fronithe fpirit of wine, then feparate it with a feparating glafs : or difiill off the fpi- rit of wine in Balneo, and a clecr oyle will afeend : for ifthe fpirit of wine be not abftraffed , then that oyle willbeas red as blood 3 and it is the true quinteffence of that vege- table, from whence by the fpirit of wine it was extrafted. The §lymtc[!'ence of all Metals and Miner ab , . Jffjivc any metal (excepting fllver, which miifl: bedif- folved in Aqua fortis) in the flrongefi fpirit of fait, and drawoff the flegme in Balneo : to that which remain es pour the beft rtftified fpirit of wine , put it to digefting, untill the oyle be elevated to the top as redasblopd, which is the tin- cture ThiUfephkal Ftirnacesl ip turcj and qumteflcnce of that metal^ being a moft pretioiis trcafure in medicine* A fwcety and red oyh of metals and minerals, . IfTolve a metal, or Mineral in fpirit of fait, diflblye al- J y {o an eqiiall weight of fait of wine cifentificated ; mix thefediflblutions^and diftill them by retort in a gradual heat, and ther^will come out an oyle fweet, and as red as blood V together with thetpirit of fait : and fometimes the neck of the retort, and receiver wiilbe coloured like a Peacocks tc/lie with divers colours, and fometimes with a golden colour. And becaufe I would without any difference comprehend all metalsand minerals under one certain general procefs ; let him that would make theeflence of iilvcr take the fpirit of nitre, and proceed in all things as was fpoken of the other ' metals. Concerning the ufe of thefe eilences , I need not fpeak much thereof ; for to him that knows the preparation fball be difeovered the ufe thereof. Concerning the corrofive oyles of metals and minerals, feeing they cannot be deferi- bed by any one procefs, it will be worth while to fet down -what is peculiar to each of them, as followeth. "Fhc o)k) or liquor of Gold, D Iflblve the calx of gold in the fpirit of wine (which muft be very ftrong, or elKe it cannot diflblve it) but in dcfeftoftheftroiigeft fpirit thereof mix a little of the pureft falt-peterj but that oyle is the beft which is made with the fpirit offal t alone. From the gold diflblved abflraS: half the folution? and there will remaine a corrofive oyle, upon which pour the exprefled juice of limons, and the diffblution will become green, and a few feces fall to the bottom, which may be reduceed in melting. This being done put this green liquor in Balneo and draw off the fiegme : that which remains take out, and put upon a marble in a cold moift place, and it will bcrefolvediatoaredoyle, which may fafely, and without ' ’ :E 2 danger ao The frjl f4rt of danger be tak^n inwardly, curing thofe that are hurt witb Mercury. But efpecially it is commended in old ulcers of the. mouth, tongue, and throat, arifing from the French pox, leprou/ie, fcorbutCjCS^f. where the oyle of other things can- not be fofafely ufed. There is not abetter medicine in the exulceration, and humors of the glandules, in the ulcers of tpngueand jaws, which doth fooner mundifie, and, confoli-? date. Neither yet muh we ncgle^ nccedky purgings^ and fudorifickes for, fear _ot arelapie, the caiife not being taken away. Neither will there any danger follow , whether it be given inwardly , or ufed outwardly, as in the accuftomed, life of other medicaments, and gargarifmes; for it may dayly, and truly without all danger be uled at lead three, times with wonderful, admiration of a quicke ope-> ration,, O^U if Mars*^ D lflldvethin plates of Iron in rc&ified fpiritof fait, take^. the folution, which is green, of afwectt.^ft, and fmcl- Jing like fetid fylphur; 8c filter it from that filthy and feculent , refidence : then in a glafs gourd in fand abftraft all the humi- dity (vlz>, with a gentle fire) which will be-as infipid as rain- water, bccaiife the iron by reafon of its dryiuTs hath attraft- cd.all the acidity to it felf: but imhebotrom will remain malTcas rcdasbloodj burning ihetongue like fire : It takes away all proud flcfti of wounds, and that without .all dan- ger. It is to be kept in a glaffe clofe ftopt from the aire, leil it be rcfulved intoan oyle, which will be of a yellow colour. But he that defires to have the oyle may fet it on a marble in a raoift Cellatjand within a day it will be refolved into an oyle which will be in colour betwixt yellow and red : It isa moft. excellent fecret in all corroding ulcers, fufiula% cancer, c^c. . being an incomparable confolidator, andmundifier. Audit is. not without profit mixed alfo with common water to wa(h tbe,moift, fetid ulcers of the IcggSj which, caufe huniors, by. Fhihfofhkdl ; being applyed warm like a bathj foritdryeSjandheales fud- / denly, if withal Purges be adminiftred. It cures alfo any fcab. That red nialTe (being yet unrefolyed) being put on the (•yle of fand^ or flints ( of which in the fccond part) makes a tree to grow in the fpace of one or two hours, having root, trunk, and boughs ; which being taken out, anddryed in the teft yeelds good gold,which that tree extra^^s from the earth, i.e. from the flints, or fand. Thbumaift ifthou plcaC-- eft, more accurately examine this matter^ . O)kol Venus. , S pirit of Salt doth not eafily work upon Copper, unlefs it c be firft reduced into a calx, and that after this manner. Take plates of Copper made red hot in an open crucible, quench them in cold water, 8c they will cleave into red fcalest then the remainders of the plates make red hot, 8c quench as before : do this fo otten,till thou haft gota fufficient quantity of the calx; which being dryed, and pondered extrad with the redified fpiric of fait, in fand, iintill the fpirit of fait be fufliciently coloured with a green timdure,whichyou miift'de- cant, and filter, and then abftrad from it the fuperfluous : moifturc, that there may remain a green thick oyle, which is an excellent remedy for ulcers, .efpecialJy luch, are venereal^, being applyed.outwardJy. C)k of Jupiter and Saturne..! N Either are thele two metals eafily diflblved in the fpiric ' of fait, yet being filed arc dilTolvedin thebeft redified fpirit of fait. But the operation is performed better with the Bowers of thefe metals ( the preparation, whereof fhall be hereafter taught) Take therefore, the. flowers, upon which- in a gourd glals pour the fpirit of fait, and prefently the fpirit Will work upon them, efpecially being (et in a warm pjac^ j filter the yellow folution, and abftrad the humidity / E. 3 , untill i *The fir jl pdrt of iintill there rcmam a yellow heavy oyle ^ which is propera- gainft putrid ulcers. Cjk of Mercury, Either is this cafily diflblved with the fpirk of fait; but IN being fublimed with vitriol ^ and lalt is eafily difiblved. Being diffolved it yeclds an oyle very corrofive which mnft be iifcd with difcrctioDj wherefore it is not to be adminiftred unlefs it be where none of the other are to be had. For 1 Taw a woman fuddenly killed with this oyle^ being applyed by a certain Chi: urgeon. But this oyle is not to be llightedin eating ulcers^jtetterjd^c. which are mortified by it. .. O)leof Antimonyt * C Rude Antimony that hath never undergone the Hre^ is hardly diflblved in fpirit of fait - : as alfo the 'Rogulus thereof , but the Kcgulus being fubtilly pondered is more ea- lily wrought upon in. cafe the fpirit be fufficiently refti- fied. The Vitrum is more eafily, but moft eafily of all the flow- ers are diflblved, being fuch as are made after our preferipti- on a little alter fet down. Neither is Butyrum Antimmii(bdng made out of fublimed Mercury, and Antimony) anything elfe but the Regulus of Antimony diflblved with fpiricof fait : for fublimed Mercury being mixed with Antimony, feeling the heat of the fire, is forfaken by the corrofive fpirits aflbei- ating themfelves with antiniony,;whence comes the thick oyle: whileft which is done the fulphur of Antimony is joyned to the quick-filver, and yeelds a Cinnabar, flicking to the neck of the retort 5 but therefidueof the Mercury remains in the bottom with the Caput Mortuuniy becaule a little part thereof doth diftill off: And if thou haft skill thou maifl recover the whole weight of the Mercury again. Andthefcchiiigsl was willing the rather to fliewtheebe- caufc Fhilof ofhical Yurmces: ^ : 'Ciiwfe mawy think this is the oyle of Mei eiiry 3' and therefore th^tvi^hite ponder made thence by the pouring on of abun- dance of water they call Mercmin 6 vtt£^with which there is no mixture at all of Mercuryj for it is meer Regulus of Anti- mony dlffohcd with fpirit of faltj which is again fe parated^ w^hen the i^ater is poured bn the antihiohiall butter 5 as is fcen by experience : For that white pouder being drytd, and melted in a crucibleycclds partly a yellow glafs^and part- ly alfoa Rcgulusj but no Mercury at all* Whence it doth neceflarily follow that that thick oyle is nothing clfe but Antimony diflblved in fpirit of fait. For the flowers of Antimony being mixed wkh'fpirit of fait make an oyle in all rclpcRs like to that butter which isniadeofAn- timony^ and fublimated Mercury 5 which alfo is after the fame manner by the affufion of a good quantity of water pre- cipitated into a white poiiderj which is commonly called Mer- 'yitd : It is alfo by the fame way turned mio Eczomkum miner by abftrafting the fpirit of nitrcj and it is no- thing elfe but Diaphoretick Antimony* For it is all one whether that Diaphoretick be made wdth fpirit of nitrcj or with nitre it felf^ viz* corpoical, for thefe have the fame vertues^ although fome are of opinion that that is to be piHferred befoi'e the other : but the truth is^there is no difference. But let eveiy one be free in his own judgement^ for thofe things which 1 have wrote, I have not writ out of ambition, but to finde out the truth. Now again to our purpofe, which is^to (hew an oyle of antimony made with the fpirit of fait. Take a pound of the flowers of Antimony(ofwhich a little after) upon which pour two pound of the befl: rectified fpirit, n)ix th(ni well together in a glafs, and fet them infand .a day, and night to diffolve, then pour out that folution together with the flowers Into a retort that is coated, which fee in fand, and iirft give a gentle fire, untill theflegme be come off', then follows a weak fpirit with a little ffrbnger Are, for the Ifron- ger fpirits remaine in the bottom with the . Antimony : then give a ftronger fire, and there will come forth an oyk like to The frfl part of to the butter of Antimony made with fublimcd Mercurys, and is appropriated to the fame uies^ as follows* T'hsfljwers of ^Antimony white a?td vomit h>c» ' T Ake of this butter as much as you pleafc, upon which in a glafs gourdjor any other large glafs pour a great quan- tity of water until the white flowers will precipitate no more; then decant ofFthe water from the flowers, which edulcorate with warm water:, and dry with a gentle heat, and thou (halt have a white pouder. TheDofeis, that i. 2.5.8* 10. grains be macerated for the (pace of a night in wine, which is to be drank in the mor- ning, and itworketh upward, and downward. But it is not to be given to children, thofe that be old, and weak, but to thofe thatbe ftrong, and accuftomcd to vomiting. When at any time this infuiion is taken and doth not work, as fome- times it fals out, bat makes the patient very lick, he muft pro- voke vomiting with his finger, or eKc it will not Work but make thoie that have taken it to be fick , and debili- tated even to death. We muft alfo in the over much working ofthefe flowers drink a draught of warm beer or rather of warm water, decoded with chervil , or parfly, and they will work more mildly. But let not him that is able to bear the operation thereof any way hinder it, for there is the'grcater hope of recovering his health thereby, for they do excellently purge choler, and evacuate .flegme in the ftomack, being hu- mors that will not yeeld to other Catharticks ; they open ob- ftrudions, refift theputrefadion of the blood, the caufe of many difeafes, fuch as arefeavers, headaches, d^f. they are good for them that are leprous, rcorbutical,Mclancholical3liy- pochondriacal,infeded with the-French pox,andin the begin- ning of the plague. In brief, they do work gallantly, and do many things. After the taking -of them the patient muft flay in his bed or at leaft not go forth of his houle for to avoid the aire, or 0 therwife t hey may be miftrufted, ^ ^ ^ Thihfophkd Furmef. , And bccaufe o( their violence they are feared, and hated, 1 lhall in the fourth part oi this book lor the fake of the hek fet dovvn fuch as ai e milder, and fafer, fiich as (hall work rather downward then upward, caufingealie vomits, which alfo thou mayeft give to children, and thofe that arc old without danger, yet fomc relpedt being had of the difeafe, and age. Fhefiomrs^f Antimony^ dhfhoreticaU T he forefaid flowers i f they be caft into melted nitre, and be left a while in melting, are made lixt, fo as to become Diaphoretical, and lofe their Cathartical vertue. The acid water being feparated from the flowers, if it be evaporated, leaves behinde the beft fpirit of fait, ferving for the ^me, or iiich like life s again. Of the external ufe e/ the Corrofive oyle of Antbr.ony^ T His oyle hath been long ufedby Chirurgions, for they have with a feather apply ed it to wounds almoft uncu • rablc, to feparate impurities, for the acceleration of the cure that after other medicaments being applycd may the better operate. But it is better if it be mixed with fpirit of fait, for they are eafily mixed, and it is made more mild thereby, and the too great corrofive faculty thereofis mitigated. Neither is there any other befide the fpirit oi fait, with which this oyle can be mixed, iinlcfs it be the ftrongeft fpirit of nitre, for the weak fpirit of Antimony precipitates the butter of Antimony, as you may fee in the preparation of Bezoardicum Minerale. But the ftrongeft fpirit of nitre diflblving this butter, makes a red folutionof won- derful vertue in Chymiftry, of which we are not to treat in this place; and ifthis be^drawn off again by diflillation, it leavesbehinde the firft time a fixed Antimony, and Diapho- reticall, which otherwife muft be drawn off twice, or thrice, %)iz. if it be weak, and not able to diflblve the butter with- out precipitation, F Now The jirfi f drt of Now this Bezoardicnm/is a«d fafcfi Diaphorctick in all difcafes that require fweat;, as in theplague^, frendi pox, feavers, fcorbute, kprofie , &c. it ic be given from 6. 8. 10. to twenty grains in proper vehicles 5 it penetrates the whole body, and evacuates all evil humors byivveat and urine. ihe Oyle of Arfenic and Auripigmentum. ^ eafily work upon Antimony jfv by reafon of the abundance of crude fulphurjunlefs it be reduced into flowers 5 in the preparation whereof fomepart of its fulphiir is burnt; fo alfo Arfenic and Auripigmentum arc hardly diflblved with fpirit of fait, unlefsthey be reduced in- to flowers, and the fpirk of fait be very ftrong, which may be able to work upon it. Thefc may be diftilled by retort like Antimony into a thick heavy oyle; which being u fed in cancrous eating ulcers exceeds that of Antimony in mortify- ing, mundifying and purging thofe evils. After the fame manner may corrofive oyles be made out of all the realgars being ordained for outward ufes. Ojle of Lapis Calaminaris. TAke ofthe beftyeliow or red LapU CalaminatU very fubtil- . ly pondered, as much as ‘•you pleafc, and pour upon ic five or iix times as much of reftliied fpirit of fait, mix and ftir them well together,anddo irbt leave them long unftirred, but ever and anon (hake the glafs with the materials ; and this do oftentimes, or elfe the Laf>u calamwaris will grow together into a very hard ftone, which can be dilTolved no more, which is prevented by the aforefaid often fhaking : and when the fpirit of fait will diflblvc no more thereof in frigido^ fee the glafsin warm fand folong untill the fpirit be tinged with a moft yellow colour, which then decant, and pouronfrcfli and again fet it in digeftion to extraft, and do not forget to fljake the glafs often. The folution being finifhed filter it, / and fhilofofhkd furmesl and caft away the refidae of the xma mortua* Afterwards fet thcfolution ini fand, and give fire, and almoff three parts of the fpirit of Talc will go over infipid^ v/hich ^nothing but theflegme, although the fpirit was never fowcH reftified; the reafon whereof is the nioft dry nature of caUminark^ to which the fpirit of fait is very friendly^ and therefore very hard to be feparated from it. For 1 never knew any mineral or metal (befide ZmckJ which exceeds laf is edamimris in dry- nefs. At laft when no more flegm will go over^let all things coole; which being donej takeout the gla Is, and thouftialt finde a thick red oyle, as fat as oyle olive^ and not very cor- rofive 5 for that fpirit of fait being almoft mortified with lapk calaminaris IS deprived of Its acidity. This oyle is to be kept from the airej or clfc within a few dayes itattrafts much aire which it converts into water, and thereby becomes weakened. This oyle is^ wonderful vert tie , being nfed as well in- wardly as outwardly. And I wonder that in fo long a time there hath been no body, who hath operated in lapis calami- naris & deferibed the nature thereoftfeeing it hath in it a gol- den fulphur (of which thing in the fourth part) for if the ter- reftreity thereof were feparated from it artificially , pure gold would be niantfefted therein ; now the greateft part thereof is volatile, and immature, and cannot ealily be redu- ced into a body in melting, wherefore hitherto that ftone hath not been efteemed of by Chymifts,but to the wile was aU way es {)rctious,e^c, *lhe ufe of the oyle of Lapis Calaminaris; T Fit be given from i. 2.3. dropstoten and fifteen with lii« *** table vehicles, it purgeth thedroplie, leprofic, gout, and other noxious fixed humors not yeclding to vegetable Ca- tharticks, of which more at large in the fecond part of the fpirit of urine and fait of tartar. It lerves outwardly for an excellent vulnerary balfome, the like to which can fcarcebc (hewed, not only in reducing old corrupt wounds, but alfo F 2 ia sS ii>thofe that are green, for it doth powerfully dry, niundifie, aad confolidate. It is alfo ufcd in houfhold affai|es^ for birdlime being dif- folved in it yeclds a certain tenacious matter ferving to catch birds, miGe,€^c. about the houfe or in the field. Fork i« as permanent in the heat of the Sun_, as in the cold of winter, wherefore it may be ufed at any time of the yeere $ all Imall animals kick to it if they do but touch the matter. A ligature or firing fmeered therewith, and bound about any tree prevents the fpiders from climbing up thereon, and other kindes of infers that are noxious to the fruit, a thing worth taking notice of. This oyle is not by the pouring on of water corrupted, nei- ther is it precipitated, as that of Antimony : whereFore ^it is iifeful for many things. Common yellow fulphur boyled' in it,z//^. in a ftrong fire, fo as to be diffblvcd in it, fwims upon it lik^ fat, is thereby purified and made as tranfparent as yellow pellucid glafs, and a better medicine then thofe common flowers of lulphur : it ferves alfo for other ufes, ail ivhich to relate here it would be too tedious. This oyle being mixed with clean faad , and difiilled by retort in a fire that is very ftrong (otherwife the fpirit of lalt will leave the lafis calaminaris ) yeelds amofi fiery fpirit, the l^pis remaining in the bottome of the re- This fpirit is fo llrong, that it can fcarce be kept; itdk^ folvesall metals,and all niinerals(excepting filver & fulphurj wherefore by the help thereof many excellent medicaments are made, which cannot be made with the common fpirit though never To well reftified , which akhough it be often reftified, yet is not without flegme, which cannot be fepara- ted- from it by the power of reftification, fo well as with lafis calaminaris* This fpirit doth perform many things in medicine, as in Alchynaic, as alfo in other arts, as you may eafiJy conjefture, but here is not opportunity to fpeak more Qfthcfcthings,yet for Phil(^fofhical Fursiaces* tp for the fake of the ficki (hall add one thing, to which few things are to be compared, the plaine and (hort proccTs where- of 1 would not have thee be offended at. And k isthis^ viz^ Mix this fpirit with the beft rcffified fpirit of vsdne, di- gefl this mixture fomewhile, and the fpirit of fait will fe- parate the fpirit ofivine^and will make the oyle of winefwini on the top, the volatile fait being mortified ; and this oyle is amoft incomparable cordial, efpeciallyif with the faidlpiric of wine fpices have firft been excraded, and with the faid fpi* rit of fait, gold hath bctn dilTolvcd. For then in the d ge- ftionof this mixture, the oyle of wine being feparated at- tracts the eflence of the cordial fpeciesj and ii^f other vege- tables, being extracted before with the fpiij^bf wine, asalfo thetinCture of gold, and fo by confcqucnce a moft effica- cious imcomparableand imiveiTai medicine for all difeafes, fortifying the Hum! Am radicale^ that it way be able [to over- come its enemies 5 for which let praife and glory bc> given to the immortall God for ever who hath revealed to us fo great fecrets. ' Of theextrinjecal ttfe of the fpirit of fait in the l^uhen. T Said before that in (lead of vinegar, and verjuice if may be ^ ufedjas alfo in (lead of the juice of Unions, now it remains that 1 ffiew^ you bow it is to be ufed, and that.indccdas wil for the fake of the healthy as the licL Let him therefore that will drefs a pullet, pigeons,veaIe, &c. in the firft place put a fufficient quantify of fpiccs, of water, and butter, and then as he pleafeth a greater , or iefer quantity of fpirit of fait raiKiby this naeans deffies are fooner^ made ready being boyled, then that common way 5 an old hen though the fleffi thereof be old is made as tender as a chicken by the addition of thisfpirit: but he that will ufeic in (lead of the juice of Limons with roll meat, muftput into at the pill of Unions for prefervation (ake, becaufe it preferves it. It is ufed in ftead of verjuice by it felf alone,or mixed with alittlefugar, if itbe.toaacid, F 3 , ' He The^rjifdrt of He that will flew beef, and make it as tender as kid, mulf firft diiTolve it ia tartar and a little fall before he wets the fiefh therewith, andtheflefti will not only be preferved but madetendcr thereby 2 but to keep flefh a long time you muft mix fome water therewith, and with weights prefs down the flcflijihat it may be covered with the pickle ; for by this means flefh may be preierved a great while. After the fame manner may all kinds ofgardcn fruits be|)fe- ferved, as cucumbers, purflaine, fennel, broom, German ca- pers, and indeed better then in vinegar* Alfo flowers, and hearbs may a long while be preferved by the help thereof, fo thatyou may havea rofe all the winter. Itpreferves alfo wine, if a little be mixed therewith, A little thereof being mixed with milk precipitates the cheefe, which if it be rightly made is never corrupted, being like to ftich cheefe as they call Tarmcfan* The whey of that milke difolves Iron, and cures any (cab being wafbed therewith. ' With the help of fpirit of fait is made with honey, 4 nd fugar , a mod pleafant drink, not unlike to wine. There is made alfo of certain fruits with the fpirit of fait a very goodvine-* gar like to the Rhenifh vinegar. Such and many more things , which I wil not now divulge, may be done with fpirit of fait* And thus have lin fomemeafure taught theufe of the fpi* rit of fait, which I would not have you take as if I hadre- vealcd all things; for,for brevities fake, as alfo for fomc other rcafons I havelilently pafled over many things. Neither do 1 know all thmgs my felf : but thofe things, which Ido know,I have fo far (ieclared that others may from thence have hints of (eeking further. He that would defcribeall,& every power 8( vertue thereof, had need to write a whole volume, that which is not my purpofe at this time to do.but may prehaps be done another time. There (hall alfo be ftiewed in the fecond part of this book, (ome fecrcts which may be prepared by the help of this fpirit: aS how it may bedukified to extraft the tinfturc of gold, and of other metals, leaving a white body, which tinfture is a medicine not to be flighted. Wherefore now feeing Thilofc^hkdl Fttrmces'. feeing it is manifeff how great^things this fpirit can doj every one will defire a good quantity for his houOiold iifes, efpcci- ally feeing moft excellent fpirits may be made after aneafie aiid (hoi t way. How an acid ffirit^ or vinegar may h diftilled out of aU vegetables^ as bearbS) woods^ rootS;^ feeds ^Scc. F li ft put a few livingcoals into the furnaccj then put upon them the wood that is to be diftilledj, that it may be burnt : out of which whileft it is burning goes forth the aci 4 rpirit thereof into the receiver^, where being condenfed itfals down into another reGeiver^refembling almoft common vine- gar in its ftiielJp wherefore al(b it is called the vinegar (^f woods- And after this manner you may draw forth an acid fpirit out ofany wood^j orvegetable^ and that in a great quantity without coftsj becaufe the wood to be diftilled is put but up- on avery few living coals, and upon that another, for one kindlcsihe other ; and this fpirit requires no more charges tlien of the wood to be diftilled 5 which is a great difference betwixt this,and the common way of diftilling,where belides retorts, is required another firej and out of a sreat retorc fcarce a pound of fpirit is drawn in the fpaccof fiveoriix hoiiis 5 whereas in ours in the fpace of one day> and that without any coft or labor may beextra<^cd tw^enty or thirty pound, becaufe the wood is immediately to be caft into the fire to be diftilled, and that not in pieces, but whole. Now this fpirit (being reftified^ may commodioufly be ufed in di- ners Chymical operations, for it doth eafily diffolve animal ftones, as the eyes of Crabs, theftones of Perches, and Carps, Corals alfo and Pearle, as doth vinegar of wine* By means thereof alfo are diffolved the glafles of metals, as of tin, lead, Antimony, and are extrafted, and reduced into fweet oyjes. This vinegar being taken inwardly of it felf doth cau(c fweat wonderfully ^ wherefore it is good in many difeafes, crpecially that which is made of Oake, BoXyGuaiacum, Juni- ^ ’The JtrJl part of , per and other heavy woods i for by how much the heavier the’ woods arc, by fo much the more acid fpirit da they ^ Being ufed outwardly it mundilieS ulcers, wounds, confoli- dates, ^tinguifheth, and mitigates inflammations caufed by •fire, cures the fcab, but efpecially thedecoftion being made of its own wood in the fame. Being mixed with warm water fora bath for the lower part of the body, it cures occulcdif- eales of women ; as alfo malignant ulcers of the leggs. This fpirit therefore deferves fonie place in the (hops, i.-e. it is unjullly rejeaed in the (hops, feeing it is eafie to be made. Indillillingof wormwood and other yegetabks, there re- niainesinthebottomeof the furnace alhCs, which being ex- trftaed with warme water yeelds a fait by decoaion, which being again diffolved in its own fpirit or vinegar, and filtredjdothby the evaporating of flegtise, being placed in a cold place pals into a Cryftalline (alt, which is of a plealanttaft, notlike untoaiwmam, nor unto other (alts that are diffolved in aire. This fait is alfo more efficaci- ous (being reduced into Cryftals by its proper Spirit} then that which is made by the help offulphur, or Aqua fortis, and oyle of Vitrioll, and otherwayes which Chymifts, and .Apothecaries ufc. The fpirit ej paper and linen cloth. P Elces of linen cloth gathered, and got from Sempfters being call into the furnace upon living coales yeeld a rooft acid fpirit, which tingeth the nailes,skin, and hair with a yellow colour, reftores members deftroyed with cold, is good in a gangrene, and eryfipelas if linen clothes wet in the fame be applyed thereto, dt’c. T he fame doth fpirit made of |)apcr,fi5;. of thepeices thereof. The 3S rhihfofhical Furnaces". the [pint of Silkg f A manner is there a fpirit made of pieces of filke, which is not fo fharpe as that which is made oflinnen and paper, neither doth it tinge the skin, but is moft excellent in wounds as wcl old as green, tnd it makes the skin beautiful. Ihe fplrit of nians bme^ and of 4)th€r animals^ as alfo of horns. O Ut of horns alfo, and hair is made a(pirit,but moft fe- tid, wherefore it is not fo ufeful, although otherwife it may ftrve for divers arts ; being reftified it becomes clear and to \yc of the odour of the fpirit of urine. It diflblves com- mon fulphur, and yeelds a water, that cures the fcab in a very fliort time. Now for this bufinefs ftircds of woollen cloth undyed may ferve, being caft in a good quantity into the iurnace. Pieces of cloth dipt in this fpirit and hanged in vinyaids.and fields, keep out Deer and Swine from coming in, bccaufe they arc afraid of the fmell of that fpirit as of a huntfman that waits to catch them. ihe fpirit of vinegar honey ^ and [ugar» H e that will difiill liquid things, miift caft red-hot coals into them, as for example into vinegar in the fornace,or it it be honey, or fugar, let them firft be diftblved in watcr,by which means they will be drunk up by the coales, which be- ing therewith impregnated, miift afterwards at feveral times be caft into the furnace, and be burnt ; and whiJeft the coals are burning that which is incombuftible comes forth. And by this means you may diftiU liquid things in a great •Quantity. Vine^ ‘ 7he jirfi fdrt of Vinegar which is dlftilled this way, is of the fame nature, as that which is diftilled in clofe veflel s. But honey and fugar that arc diftilled after this manner are a little altered, and acquire other vertiies : but how they fhall be diftilled without thclofsof their volatile fpiritftiall be taught in the fecond part. Alfo after this manner may all liquid things being drunk up by living coalcs be di-- ftilled. Of the ufe of diftilled vinegar many things migh t be faid, but becaufe the books of all the Chyniifts treat abundantly thereof, I account it needlefs to repeat what they have writ^ Yet this is worth taking notice of, that the fharpeft vinegar hath a great affinity with fome metals, which may be extraft- by the help thereof ; alfo diffolved, and reduced into medica- mentsj yea many things may bemade with the help thereof, as the books of all the Ghy mifts teftifie. But there is yet another vinegar, of which there is often mention made in the books of the Philofophers, by the help whereofmany wonderful things are perlomied in the foluti- ons of metals, the name whereof the ancients have been filent in 5 of which I do not here treat , becau/e it cannot be made by this furnace 5 but I fhall treat of it in another part j yet fo tha 1 1 incur not the curfe of the PhilofopherSi Bow ffirits may be made out of the fait of tartar^ ^hriolatedtartafy the [fir it of fait tartarizaXedy (and of other fuch lik^ fixed falts. A S many Chymifts as there hath Been, almoft all have been of the opinion thac a fpirit cannot indrawn out of fait of tartar, and other fixed falts. For experience hath taught that by retort little or no fpirit can be drawn from thencc,as I had often experience of before the invention of this furnace : the rcafon of which thing was the admixtion of (and, earth, bole, pouder of tileSjC^'C. for to prevent the flowing of fait of tartar being by this means difperfed, Bnt this is done through the ignorance of Authors, who have been ignorant of the pro- perties Phildfophical FurHms] pcrtksof faltof tartar. For a fiony matter^ asfand, flint, bolcjd^c. being mixed with fait of tartar, feeling the heat of the fire, and being made red with the fame, isjoynedtoit moft clofcly,{b as no fpirit can be drawn from thence, but be- come a moft hard ftone. Forfand, andfuch things that are like to it, have fo great an affinity with the fait of tartar that being once united can fcarce ever be feparated, Yec it may be made by Art by the addition of pure fand, or flint, beeaufe the whole fubftance of the fait of tartar may be turned into a Ipirit in the fpace of one or two hours, as (hall be taught in thefecond part, and it excels all other medicaments in vertue, in curing the ftone, and gout.. And if by the regiment of art there be left any Mortuum in that diftillation, it hath being diflblved in theaire a power toputrefie metals being prepared, and mixed with it, in the fpace of few hours, foas to make them become black, and to grow up like trees with their roots, trunks, & boughs,which by how much the longer they arc fo left,becon1c the better. Of calx of lead bcin g fub- tilizcd, and of fait of tartar may be made a [pritus gradatorius of wonderful vertues as well in medicine as Alchymie. There is made of the Cafut Mortunm^per deliquium a green liquor which doth wonderfiil things ; whence it is proved, lhat Saturm k not the loweft ofthepanets-y Enough to the wife. jind fo k Lac Virgmis^ and the Fhilofofhical Sarguk Vracenk made. S ometimes there is found a ceitain earth, or bole, which hath no affinity with tartar, whkh being mixed with fait of tartar yeelds a fpirit, but very little. But in this fur- ' nacc may all fixed things be elevated, beeaufe the Species n6t being included in it, but difperfed, being caft upon the firc,are from the fire elevated through theaire, and are being refrige- rated in the recipients again condenfed, which cannot be fo well done by a dole retort. He therefore that will make the fpirit of the fait of tar- tar, need do nothing clfe then to caft the calcined Uitar into G 2 the 3^ The frfi fdrt df thcfirCj and it will wholly come over in a fpirit : but then there are required glafs recipients, bccaufe thofe that are ear- then cannot retain it. And this is the way whereby moft fixed falts are diftilled mto a fpirit by the firft furnace. In the fccond rurnace(i//^. in the I'urnacc of the fecond part) it may be done better, and eafier, where together with the preparation fliall be taught the ufe thereoE ihe IpritSy und {alts of Minerals and flonesi B y this way fpiritsmay be raifed from any mineral] or ftone, and that without the addition of any other thing: yet Co as that the minerals, and (tones, as flints, Cryftal, talke, lapis cy M 2 theiu* 44 ’ themfelves in a gentle fire^that they niclt not^but b'e made only darkly glow for the fpace of fonie hoiirs^then let them cool^^ for they are become fixed^ and diaphorcticall, Although they bad before contra^cd fome yellownefs or aft colour, yet by this n^icans they are made white and gallant, fixedjanddiapho* retical. Alfo thefe flowers are iifed in ftiptickplaifters by reafon of their dry nature, with which they arc endued. Alfo they are melted into a yellow tranfpare^t glafs , nei^* ther Lstliere taught aiveafier way of reducing Antimony by it felf into a yellow tranfparcnt glafs, where crude Antimony is fli ft fiiblimed, and being fublimed is melted into glafs. This fublimationferves in Head of calcination, by the help wftereof 20. pound are more eafily fublimed, then by the help of the other one pound is brought into calx. Neither is there here any danger of the afeendirig fumcs,bc- caufe w hen the Antimony is caft into the fire you maybt gone, which is a fafe, and cafie calcination, whereas the com- mon way requires the continual prefence of the artift flirring the matter, who alio takes out the matter when> it is once grgwn together, and grinds it again 5 by which means he hath much to do, before the matter come to a whitenefs j but • by our Way, the matter is at thefii ft time made fufficient^y ndniore then by that common way of cakination and . agitation. J fiippofe therefore that I have ftewed to him that will tnake glafs of Antimony,,the beftand hitherto unknown way ; which being taught I hope there is no man will here- after like a fool go that tedious way of the ancients, but ra- ther follow my fleps. For by this way may any Phyfitian, n^of ca(i!y be able to prepare for himfelf vomitive and diapho- rctical flowers, and alio glafs of Antimony per J^. Of thofe flowers may be made oyks botlvfweet and corro- five, and other medicaments, as hath been above faid of the fpirit of faltjand ftal afterwards be fpoken in the fecond part. Let him that will make flowers of the regiilus, fairer then thofe which are made of crude Antimony, caft it being ponde- red into the fire, and in all things proceed as hath been faid, and he (hall have them, for they are cafily fublimed, Now, how Thihfofhical Furmis) 45 « bbw the rcgulus is to be made after a compendious manner you (hall finde in the fourth part. The fcofy alfo are fubli- medj fo as nothing is loft. But he that make flowers that fhall be diflblvcd in the aire into a liquor muft adde fome cal- cined tartar, or fome other fixt vegetable fait, and he (hall have flowers that will be diflolved in any liquor : but he that ■will make red flowers as well thofe that are diaphoretical as thofe that arc purging, muft mix Iron, and he fhall have flowers like to cinnabar ; Let him that defires green, mix cop- -v per, if purple, lapis calaminaris. And thus out of any mineral may be made flowers whether - it be fixed, or volatile; for it is forced to fly on high being caft into the ftre. And thefe may be iifed diverfly in Chirur- gery, in plaiftersand unguents; for they dry, andaftiinge potently, efpecially thofe that are made of lapis calaminark* Neither are they to be flighted that are made of the golden, and filver marcafitc. Thofe that are made of Arfenicand ' auripigmentum arepoyfonou?, but are ufeful for painters, ^ Arfenic,& auripigmentum being calcined with nitre, and then fubiimed,yceld flowers that are fafelyto be taken inwardly, cxpelHng all poyfons by fweat and ftoolc. For they are cor- refted two wayes^r/iiss. firft by by the nitre, fecondly by the . fire in the fubliming : they are not therefore to be feared , be- caufe that Antimony was poyfonous before the preparation thereof. For by how m*iich the greater pbyfon it was before preparation, fo much the greater medicine afterwards. The flowers of fulphur are taught in the fecond part, al- though they may alfo be made by this furnace, the na- ture, and properties thereof being known by an expert artift or ' otherwife it is burnt. So alfo ftones being prepared arc brought into flowers, and i many other things, of which we need not fay any thing, on- ly let him that pleafcth make tryal thereof. And now 1 flippofe I have made plain, and fhewedyoii ckerly how diftillation is to be made in this our ficftfwrnacc, wherefore I will now end. He therefore that nnderftanJsand ^ knows the fabrick of the fiii|nace (^which he may iinderftand ^ H, 3> by/ 0 4 « 7hepjlf4rt by the delineation thereof ) and the ufe thereof^ vwll n6t 'de- ny but that 1 have done agood workj and will not difap- prove of my labor. Arid this is the bell way of diftilling, and fublimirig in- conibuftible things. In the fecond part you fhall fkide an- other furnace in which are diflilled^ combiiftible things, as alfo moft fubtilc l^its,c^c. Thc firft furnace ferves alfo for ’ other iileS, as the Icparation of metals ; of the pure fromthe impure 5 for the making of the central fait, and of the humi^ dutn radicale of them all. But becaufe it cannot be done after the aforefaid way, by which things^are call into the fire to get their flowers, and fpirits, but after a certain fccrct Philofo- phical maner, by the power of a certain fee ret fire, hitherto concealed ^ by the Philofophers ( neither^ fhall I proflrace that fecrct before all) It is fufficient that I have given a hint of it for further enqukie, and have (hewed the . way to other ^things. segondVart OF THE RHILOSOPHIC AL F.URNA C E S: WHEREIN Is deferibed the Natute of the SECOND^ FVRNAGE; By the help whereof 'all Volatile, fubtle and combuflible things can be dialled. Whether they be Vegetables, Animals, or Minerals, and that after an unknown and very compendious way ; whereby nothing is loft, but even the moft fubtile fpirits may be caught and prelS^rved,' which cKe without the means of this Furnace «4mpollible to be done by Retorts.or other diflilling Inftmmcnts.^ By J P H N R u b o L p H Glauber* . LON D ,0 N, Printed hf Rickard Cotes, (orLho: Williams at the figne > 6f.theBibkinjL;Wie^Jbrir4i»*. . I K, The furnace top,ether wuh the iron dillilling-veflef faftened into if, vvhcrcunto a receiver is applycd. B. The diftillcr with his left hand takin off the lid, and with his right enflina in hispre, pared matter. C. Tl>e cx isi nall form of the d>lUIling vcflel. D. The internal form of thevciTcl. E. Another diftilling veflcl^ which is not faRcncd to, a furnace, but only iliind. ih upon coals, . THE SECOND PART OF PHILOSOPHICAL FIIRNAGES, rbe flru^ure of the [econd^F urmee , Iling vcfTcl muft be made of Iroti, or gOodearthj fudi can abide in the lire (whereof in the lift part of this Book it (hall be taught) and you may make it big or as little as you p]eare3 according as yotin occafion (hall require. That of Iron is nioft ft to be ufed for fuch fpidts, as are 'not very (harpe or corroding, elfe the vcffel: but that of earth may be ufed for fuch thingSj^ as fiiew their activity upon the Iron, and do make it to melt^ as fulphur, Antimony and the like ; and there- fore you ought to hasve two liich veflels,i^i2U>ne of iron, and one of earth, to the end that for both forts of materials (corrofive or not corrofive^ you mayhavepropervcllels, and fit furnaces for their difUlUngj and that they may not be fpoiled by things 1 2 * con- f 5 fdrt tf contrary and hurtful to them. The ftape of the vcflcl is fticwed by the figure here annexed^ the lower part of it , foniewhat wider then the upper part^ and twice as high as wide; at the top having a hollow fpace between the two edges orbriniSj whereinto theedgeof the lid may clofe and enter into an inch deep. The lid muft have a ring or handle^ by which it may be taken off and put on again with a pairc of tongs. The lid muft have a deepc edge anfwering to the hollow fpace aforefaid. The lower part .muft have three knobbs or flioulders thereby to reft iipon the wall of the fur- nace 5 the form whereof is no other, then that of a common diftilHng furnace with fand Gapel, as the figure of it doth ftiew : but/at ycitwill not have the furnace, then it needeth no knobbs or (boulders, if fo be the diftifling vcflcl be flat at the bottom, or elfchave leggs, for to ftand upon them ; Beneath , the edge of the veflel there comes forth a fpout or pipe of a fpan in lengthy and one or two inches wide^ and fomewhat narrower before then behinde, through which the fpiritsare, conveighed into the Rceeiverj,. 7he way or the manner to perform the deftiUdtion* Hen^you intend to diftill,thcn firft fnake a fire in he furnace, that the diftiHing veflel come to be very hot. But if it be not fcflned to the furnace . then fet upon a grate, and lay ftoncs about it, and coales between,and fo let it grow hot, and lay melted lead into the fpace between the two edges or brims, to the end, that the lid , when it is put on, may clofe exa6tly5 fo that nofpirit can get through. This done take a little of the matter you intend to diftil and caft it in and prefently put on the lid, and there will be no other paflage left but through the pipejto which there muft be appljy'td and luted a very big receiver. As foon as the fpecies caft in come to be warm, they let go their-fpirit^ which doth come forth into the receiver : and bteaufe there was but little of the matter .caft in.it hath no power to force through t^ lute Thilofophkal Furnace 5 5 lute or to break the receiver, but niuft fettle it fcif. This done, caft in a little more of your matter, cover it and let it go till the fpirit be fettled continue this proceeding fo long, uniill you have fpirits enough : but take heed, that you carry in no more at once, then the receiver is able to bear,elie it will break ♦ And when your veflel is full the diftillatiion not being ended, then take off thelidd, and with an iron ladle take out the Caput Mortuum ; andfo ' begin again to caft in, and ftillbut alittk at a time, and continue this as longasyou pleafe. Thus in one day you may diftilmore in a final veflel, then otherwayes you could do in a great retort; and you need not fear the leaft lofs of the fiibtile fpirit, nor the breaking of the receiver by the abundance of the fpirits : and you may ceafe or leave off your diftilling a^dbegin it again when you lift ; alfo the fire cannot be made too ftrong fo that it might caule any hurt or damage; but by this way you can make the moft ^btie fpirits, which is itnpoffible to be done by anyPvetortrf But if you will diftil a fubde fpirit through a Retort, as of Tartar, Hartftiorn, Salarmoniac, or the like,you cannot do it without prejudice (though there were but half a pound of the matter in it) the fubtleft fpirits coming forth with force feck to penetrate through the lu: e if that be not good, but if that be good fo that the fpirit* cannot pafs through it, then they break the receiver^ becauff it cannot pofiibly hold fuch quantity of fubtle fpirits at once. For when they are com- ing, they come fo plentifully and with fuchaforce, that the receiver cannot containe them, and fo of neceffity muft flye afundcr, or muft pafs through t he liituni ; All which is not to be feared here,becaufc thercis but alittle caft in at once,which cannot yeeld fuch a^qiiantity of fpii ic 8 ,as to force the receiver ‘ to break : And when there come forth no more fpirks,and the former is fettled, then inore of the matter is to be caft in, and , this is tobcconti^^uedfo long untill you have fpirits cnoughif Afterward take off the receiver, and put the fpirit into fuch a glafs (as in the ilfthpart of this book amongft the Manuals 1.3^ (hall. Tkfsco^ndpdrt of fhallbe difcovered) wherein it niay be kept fafely withouc wafting or evaporating. i In this manner all things, Vegetabfcj Animal^ or Mineral,, can be diftilkd in tliis furnace, and much better then by meansofa Retort : efpeciafly fiich fubtile fpirits (as by the other way of diftilling cannot be favedj but pals through, the lutum) are got by this our way ; and they are much bet- ter, then thole heavy oyles, which commonly ate taken for fpirits, but are none, being only cormfive waters. For the nature and condition of a fpirit is to be volatile, penetrating and fubtle, and fuch are not thofe Ipirits of fait, Vitriol, Allome and Nitre, which are ufcd in Apothecary (hops, they being but heavy oyles, which even in a warm place do^ not evaporate or exhale. But a true fpirit fit for Medicinal ufe, muftrileor aftend before the phlegme, and not after ; for whatfoever is heavier then phlegme, is no volatile fpirit, but a heavy fpirit or f ra* ther called) a fowre heavy oyle. And it is feeil by the expe**', ricncethat the Apothecaries Ipirit of vitriol will cure no fal- ling ficknefs, which vertiic isaferibed to tbatfpirit,and indeed juftly : for the true fpirit of vitriol performeth that cure out of hand. Likewife their fpirit of Tartar f as they call it) is no fpirit, but only a ftinking phlegme or Vinegar. The way to make fuch true fpirits, Iwillnowfhew be- caufc much good may be done bythem in all manner of dif- eafes. And this way of diftHling (erveth only for thole which leek after fgood medicines : but others which care not whetlicr their medicines be well prepared or no, need not take fo much pains a s to build fuch a fuimace, and to make their Ipirits themfelves, for at any they can -buy fora fmall matter a good quantity of dead and fruitlcfs fpirits at theoammonr fellers and Apothecaries. Hence it is no marvel, tliat now a dayes fo little good is done by Chymicall medicaments , which of right Ihould faroutftrip all theGalenical iu goodnefs and vertuc. But alas! it is come to that paffe now, that a true Chymift and hoiicft fon of Hermes^ is forced almoft to^blulh, when he hcareth FhihfofhiCdl Furna^$\ yj" i^areth men talk of Chymical medicines , becaufe they do no fiich tniraeles, as areafcribed unto them. Which infamy is pccafioned by none more then by carelefs Phyfitians, which though they make ufe of Chymicall medicines (bccaufe they i>[€ of the Narcotic}^ [alfhur ofFitthlL O F this fulphiir i. 2. 3. 4. or more grains (according to the condition of the patient) given at once mitigates all pains, caufeth xjuictflccp; not after the manner of Opi- um , Henbane , and other the like medicines, which by flupefyirtg and benumming caufefleep, but it performeth Its operation very gently andfafcly without any danger at all, and great difeafes may be cured by the help there- of. Faraceljus held it io high efteeme, as you may fee. where he doth wtue of Sulj^hur embtyonatHtn% Of 5 , 8 . The fee md fart of ' Of the u[e and verm eftheVoJatik fpirit $f VitrioIL T His fulphurcous volatile fpirit of Vitrioll, is of a very ' fubtleand penetratwig quality, and of a wonderful ope- ration j for fome drops thereof being taken and ftveated up- on it, doth penetrate the whole body, openeth all obftrufti- ons, confunieth thafe things that are amiisin the body, even as fire. It is an excellent medicine in the falling ficknefs, in thatkinde of madnefs or rag-c which is called in the. convulfionAof-the mother, called matricis^ in the feurvy 5 in that other kinde of madnefs which is called Me- lancholia Hypochondriaca ^ and other difeafes proceeding' from obftru6tions and corruption of the blood .“ -It is alfo good in the plague, and all other feavers : mingled with fpirk of wine, and daily iifed, it doth wonders in all external accidentSN; Alfo in the Apoplexy, fhrinking and other difeafeS' of the Nerves, thediflrefled limbe rubbed therewith, it doth * penetrate to the very marrow in the bones ; it doth warm and ; Tefrefli the cold finews, grown ftiffe ; In the Colick, bcfides the internal ufe, a little thereof in a clyfter applyed, isa pre- fent kelp : Externally ufed in the-Goute, by anoynting thdi places therewith affwageth the pains, and taketh away all tu- mors and inflammations : it doth heale the fcabs, tetters and- ringworms, above all other, medicines ; it cureth new* wounds and old fores, as Fifiulaes, Cancers, Woolv€S,and- what name fo everelfc they may have : It extingiiilht'th all' iuflamn'iationsjfcaldings, the Gangrene, diflipateth and con- fumeth the knobs and cxcrcfcencies of the skim In a word," this fpirit, which thewifemenof old called Sulphur Thilofo* phorum^ doth aft univerfally in all difeafes, and its vertiie cannot fufEciently be praifed and expreffed : And it is much - to be admired, that fo excellent a Medicine is no where to be^ found. Ifit bcminglcd with fpring water, it doth makeit pleafant- ly fowrifn^ and in taft and yertue like unto the natural fowre of Alfo ThilofofhkalFurndcesI 5 p AlfoJ^y this fpirit many difeafes may be cured at home 5 fo that you need not go to bathes afar off, for to be rido^ them. Here I could fet down a way^, how fitch a fpirit may be got in great abundance for the ufe of bathing, without diftil * latiof , whereby miraculous things may be done^ but by rcafon of the ungratefulnefs of men, it (hall be referved for another time. Of thevertue and ufe of the certofive oyU of'VitriolU T His oyle is not much u fed in Phyfick, although it be found almolf in every Apothecaries fhop, which they ufe for to give a fowrifli taft to their fyrups and conferves. Singled with fpring water and given in hot difeafes, it will extinguifli the unnatural thirft, and coolc the internal parts of the body. Externally it cleanfeth all unclean fores, apply- ed with a feather 3 it feparateth the bad from the good, and layeth a good foundation for the cure. Alfo if it be reditied fir ft, fomc metals may be diflblved with it and reduced into their Vitriols, efpecially Mars and Venus 5 but this is to be done by adding common water thereunto, elfc it will haixlly lay hold on them. The way of doing It is thus : Howto mah^ theVitrhll of Mars and'Vems* ^Ake of your heavy oyle. Juft: as it came overjt;/^ together with its phlegme (but that the Volatile fpirit be drawn ©ffirom it firft) as much as you pleafe, put it into a glafs body together with plate of copper dt iron, fet it in warme fand, and let at boyle uncillthat the oyk will difTolve no more of the metal, then power off the liquor, filtre it threugh brown paper, and put it into a low gourd glafs, and fet it in fand, and let the phlegme evaporat^ untill there appear a skin at the tbp, then let the fire go out, aijid the glais grow coole5 then fet it in a cold pi acejand within fomc dayes there K 2 will 60 ThefeeondfArtof wili;(hootc faire green Cry ftals; if of iron, grcenifli; ifof Cop- per jthen fomethingblewia^taketbem out and dry them up- pon filtering paper , the remaining liquor, which did not Ihoote into Vitriol, evaporate again in land, and then let it fhoote as before; continue this proceeding, until! all the folution i or filtred liquor ) be turned to Vitriol. This Vitriol! is better and purer then the Gonmton ; for ityeeldethabttter Volatile fpirit, and for that reafonidid fet down the way howto make it. There can alfo be made a good Vitriol! of both thefe metals by the means of ordina- ry yellow brimftone; but becaufe the making of it is more tedious, then ofthis here fet down, i think it needlefs code- feribe its preparation in this placcp Tfce rea^ to mal^ a, fain blew Vitrioll out- 'of Luna (that is. Illblve the (havings or filingsof filverwith reftiffed oylc. of Vitrioll, adding water thereunto,but not fo much as to Iron and Copper : Of elfe, which is better, dilTolve cal- cined filver, which hath been precipitated out of Aqua fortis . eicherwith Copper or. fait water; the folution being ended- ppwre it oflpand filtre it, and drop into if of fpirit of urine or, of Salarmoniac, as long as it doth hifs, and almoft all the filver will precipitate again out of the oyle, and fo there will fall a white powder to the bottome; This precipitated filver together with the liquor poure into a phiall-glafs, fet it to boyle in land for twenty four hours, and the liquor will dilfolveagain almoft all the precipitated fitver-calx and be- come blew thereby. Then poure off the iolution (orliquor) and filtre it through brown paper, and ahftraft the moi- ftmetill a skin arile at the top ; then in a cold place letit fbcote to Vitriol. With the remainin? liquor proceed fur- ther, as abovein the preparation of the Vitiiol of Iron and . Copper hath been taught. % this way you will get an excellent Vitriol] out of filver,' which FhHofophlcal Furnaces] . 6v which trom 4. 5 * 10. grains ufed onely of it felf, will be a good purge, elpecially in difeafes of the brainc. If you have a good quantity of it, that you may diftill a fpirk thereof, you will get not only an acide (or fowre) but alfo a volatile fpirit, which in the infirmities of the brainc is moft excellent- that which in the diftilling remains be- h1nde,maybe reduced again c into a body, fo that you loft nothing of the filver, favc onely that which is turned into fpirit. Moreover, the acide (or Ibwrc) oyleof common Vitriol, doth precipitate all metals and Hones of beafts or fifhes ; alfo pearles and corals^they being firft diflblvtd in fpirit of fait or of Nitre, and maketh faire light powders of them (which by the Apothecaries are called Vagifteries) much fairer then by precipitation with fait oi Tartar is done, elpecially of corals and pearles, fuch a faire gliftering and delicate powder is made; and likcwife alfo of mother of pearl e, and other fliels of fnailes, that it giveth as fair a glois to them, as the faireft oriental pearles have; which way hath not been made com- mon hitherto, but being known only to few, hath been kept very fecretby them^as a lingular Art. Such niagiferics com- monly were precipitated out of vinegar onely by fakofTar- ta* jWhich for lightnefs, whitenefs and fair glofs are not com- parable at all to ours : But if in Head of the oyleof Vitriol you take oyle of fulphur, then thefe powders will be fairer then when they are done by the oyleof Vitriol, in fo much, that they may be ufed for painting for a black skin. Having made mention of Magifteries , I cannot forbear to ^ difeover the great abaft and error, which is committed in the preparing of them. ?aracel\u 5 in hh Archidoxes teacheth to make Magifteries, which he calieth extra6^ed IViagifteries : but fome of his di- feiphs teach to make precipitated MagiHeries, which are quite different from the former. Par^celjus is clean of another opinion in the preparing of his Magifteries, then others in the making of theirs : doufetlcfs hisMagiftcrics were . K.3- goodt T'hefuindfirt 6f good cordial! living medicines, whereas the other were but dead carkafes, and although they be never fo fairc, white and gliftering, yet in efFeft they prove but a grofs earthy fub- ftancejdeftitutcof vertue, 1 do not deny, but that good medicines may be extrafted out of pcarles and corals, for 1 my felf alfo do deferibe the preparations of fomc of them ; but not at all after (uch a way as theirs is. For what good or exalting can be expelled by fuch a preparation, where a ftony matter is (^lilTolved in corrofive waters, and then precipitated into ftone again ? Can its vertuc be incrcafed thereby > furcly no, but leather it is diminifhed, and made much the worfe thereby. For it is well known, that the corrofive fpirits (no kfs then ' fire) do burn fo me certain things 5 for no tall things arc made better by fire or corrofives, but moft of them are abfolutely fpoylcdby them. Some perchance will fay, that fuch pre- parations of Magifteries are onely for to be reduced into a' finer powder, that fo much the fooner they may perform their operation. To which I anfwer, that pearles,coraJs,and other of the like nature, if they be once diflblved by corrofive wa- ters, and then precipitated and edulcorated, never or hardly can be diflblved againe by acid fpirits. Whence it is evident that by fuch preparations they are not opened or made better, bat rather -clofy or made worfe. And we fee alfo by daily experience that thofe Magifteries do not thofe efFedls, which are aferibed unto them. By which it appeamh cleerly, that to the Archeus of the ftomach they arc much lefs grateful then the crude unprepared corals and pearles; whofe tender cflencc being not burnt up by corrofives, do oftentimes produce good effects. For our Anceftors have aferibed unto corals and pearles, that they piirifie the impure and corrupt blood in the whole body, that they expel Melancholy and fadnefs, comforting the heart of man, and making it merry, which alfo they effe^ually perform : whereas the Magifteries do not* And this is the reafon, why unprepared corals, pearjesand ftonesof fifhes have more eflefl:, then the bun^t Magifteries. For it is manifeft and well known, that the abovefaiddiftafes for Fhllofofhical FuYnmi. fij fbt? the molt part do proceed from obftruaions of the Ipleen, which obftmdlioDS arc nothing elfe, but a tartarous juice or a fowre flegme which hath poflefled and filled up the entrals^and coagulated it felf within them. By which obftru^ion not only hcadrach, giddinefs, panting of the heart, . trembling of theiimbs,a fpontaneouslalfitude, vomits, unnatural hunger ; alfo, loathing of viduals, therTcoId, then hot flufhing fits, and many more ftrange fymptomes are caufedj but alfo a molt hurtful rottennefs and corruption is introduced into the whole mafs of blood, from whence the leprofie, feurvy, and other loathfome or abominable fcabs do ipring. Of which evil the onely caufe (as hath been faid)is a crude acidc Tartat, from which fo many great difeafes do rife. This to be lb mayeafily be proved; fork is notorious, thatmelancholik folksjhypocondriaquesjand others do often caft up a great quantity of acid humor, which is fo fharpe ‘ that no vinegar is comparable to it, and [doth fet their teeth ’^on fuch an edge^ as if they had eaten unripe fruit. What remedy now? take away the c^ufe and.the difeafe is taken away. If you could take away the peccant matter by- purgings, it would be well, but itremaineth obftinateand will notyeeld to them .By vomit it may be diminifhed in fome meafurc. But becaule that not every one can abide vomiting, it is therefore no wifdome to turn evil into worfe. Shall then this tartar be killed and deftroyed by contraries, which in- deed in fome fort may be effefted ; as when you life vegetables or animals, whofcvertue confiftethdna volatile fak : fuch are all fpecies or forts of crefks, Muftardrfeed,. horfe-radiffi, fciirvy grafs, alfo thefpirit of Tartar, of Hartfiiorn, and of urine and the like, which by reafpn of their penetrating culty pafs through all the body, finding out the Tartar thereof, dtftroying the fame, as beingcontrary unto it; and in this combat two contrary natures is kindled, a great burnr ingheat, whereby the whole body is throughly heated and brought jtQ fweating^ and whenfoever by thefe contraries a . fweating ^ The f icond fart of fweatiilgis caufed, there isalwaycs mortified fomeof this hurtful Tartar. But bccaufc that of that acid humor but a little at a time can be mortrfed and edulcorated by contrary volatile fpirits, and that therefore it would be required to uft them often, for to kill andexpellall theTartar 5 andbe- caufealfo (as hath been mentioned before) a ftrong fweat al- ivayes is cauled by every (iich operation, whereby the natu- ral fpirks arc much weakened, fo that the patient would not be able to hold out long thereby, butby taking away of one evil, another and greater one would be occafioned. And therefore luch things muft be offered to that hungry acid humor, by which the corrofive nature thereof, may be mortified and grow fweet, with that provifo neverthelefsjthat thofe things be fuch as arc not contrary or hurtful to the na- ture of man, but grateful and friendly, as are corals, pearlcs and crabs €ye«,c^c. For amongft all ftoncs none arc more eafily to bediflbl- ved then Pcarles, Corals, Crabbs-eyes, and other ftoncs of fifties. But the truth of this,t^/^. that every corrofivc is killed by feeding upon pearles and corals, and thereby can be made * fweet; andbefides, how a fowre coagulated Tartar, by the help of corals or pearles may be reduced to a fweet liquor ( a pleafant and acceptacle medicine to the nature of man) which never can be coagulated again by any means, fhall be after- wards proved and taught when i (hall come to create of Tartar. Now in tartarcous coagulations and ob/fruftions of the internals proceeding from the predominancy of an acid hu- mor there is no better remedy, then to give the fpatient every morning faffing from ^fs. to 5 i. (marcor]efs,accordingto the condition of the patient) of red corals and p.^arles made intopowder,and to let him faft two or three hours upon it, and fo to continuedaily untillyoii fee amendment : By thi^ means the hurtful acid humor is mortifiedjand dtilcified by the corals and pearles fo that ^afterwards it may be overcome by nature, whereby the cbftruftions arc removed, and the body frec'dtom th'"diihafe. This Fhilofophkal F^^rmces^. This my opinion of the abufeof Magifteries and the good i^fe of Corals T could not conceale although 1 do know for certain^ tfiat k will take but with few^ in regard that it will fccnivcry krangetoraoft. However^ happily there may be fome yetj that will not be unwilling to feareh into the truth and 1 3 confider further ofit^ and at laft will findc this not to be fo ftrangCj as it Teemed to them at the firft : but he that can- not believe or* comprehend itj may keep to his Magifteries* And if it feem To ftrangeunro any^ that corals or pearles made into powder fhall be concofted in the ftomach^ and To put forth their vertuc, what will you fay then, if! do prove, that even whole pearles, crabs*eyc?, and corals being (wal- lowed, are totally confumed by the Mdancholy humor. To that nothing cometh forth again among the excrements? and which is more, even the like may be (aid of hard and corrup- ted metals, as Iron, and Tpeaucer or Zinck r But thismukbe underftood only ofthoTe that are of a Malancholick conftitu- tion bucuot To in others, i^/z, thoTe tl at are of a Tanguine, and thoTe that are of a phlegmatick conftitution, to whom[Tuch like things are Teldonie preTcribed.For l'have|Teen many times, that againft obftrudions to ftrong bodies there hath been given at once from 3 ( 5 . to 5L of the (havings or filings of iron, and they found much good by it, yea more help then by other coftly medicines of the Apothecaries , whereof they had uTed many before, but to no purpoTe, by reafon whereof their excrements came from them black, juft as it uTcth to fall out with thofe that make u(c of medicinal fowre waters, which run through iron mines, and thereby borrow a Tpiritu- al mineral vertue. Now if thofe filings of iron had not been conTumed in the ftomach, how come it that the excrements are turned black ? fo then it is fufficiently proved, that even a hard unprepared metal can be conTumed in the ftomach : and it fo, why not as well foft pearles and corals ? Whichisalfo to be feen by children, that are troubled with worms, if there be given untothem 4;6.8. to 1 2. or 1 6. grains of the fineft filings of fteel or iron, that all the worms in the ' L body g6 ThefecondfMof ' | body Jire killed thereby , their ftomach and guts fcow red very ! clean^ and their ftools alfo turned black. But this muft be obferved by children^ when the worms arc killed, andy^t remalne in the guts (becaufe that the iron in a fmall quantity is not ftrong enough for to expell them, but only make the body Ibliiblej) that a purge nuift be ufed after, for to carry them out , for clfe if they do rcinaine there, others will grow cut of tlKirfubftance* But to thofe that are more in ycers, you may give the Dofe fo much the ftronger, as from ^ i. to 5 i. that the worms alfo may be carryed our, they beeing bet- ter able to endure it then little children, and although fome— times a vomit doth come,yet it doth no hurt, but they will be but fo much the healthier afterward. And thus Iron may be ufed, not only againft worms, but alfo againft all ftomach-agues, head-ach, and obftruftions of the whole body> wichout any danger and very fucceftefully, as a grateful or very acceptable medicine to Nature; for after a powerful magnetical way it doth attraft all the ill humors in^ the body, and cirricth them forth along with it. Of whole wondertulvertue and. nature, there is fpo ken more at large in my treatife of the Sympathy and Antipathy of things. Which fome Phyfitians perceiving and fijppofing by Art to make it better, they fpoiled it, and made it voyd of all vertue : for they taking a peece of fteel, made it red-hot, and held ic againft a peece of common Sulphur , whereby the - fteel grew fubtlejfo they did let it drop into a veflel filled with water ; then they took it out, and dryed it, and made it into powder, and ufed it againft obftru£l:ions, but to no effeft almoft, for the Iron was fo altered by the fulphur and redu- ced to an infolublc fubftance (which ought not to have been fo) that it could perform no confiderabje operation : But if they had made the fteel more foJuble (whereas they made it more infoluble) then it was of it felfbefore, then they had done a good work : for he that knoweth fulphur, doth know welLenough, that by no Aquafortis or Aqua Kegis it can be dif^ folved ; and how could it then be confuted by an animal ; ktrrfor Hitherto ^ Phihf Cubical Furmces. Hitherto it hath been proved fufficicntly 3 that in fome xnen^efpeeially inthofethacareof a Melancholick conftituti- on there is an acid humor, which can fufficicntly diffolveall eafily foluble metals and ftones : and that therefore it is need- Jefs to torture, and diflblve pearics, corals and the like with corrofive waters before they be adminiftred to patients .* but that the Archeus pf the ftomach is ftrong enough by the help of the faid .humors to confume thofe eafily foluble things, and to accept of that which ferveth his torn , and to rejeft the reft. But it is not my intent here, that this ffiould be underftood of all metals and ftones 5 for I know well, that other metals and ftones (fome excepted) before they are duly prepared, are not ft for phyfick, but muft be fitted firft, before they bead- miniftred or given unto patients. For this relation I made only for to fhew, how fometimes good things (though with intent to make them better) are made worlc and fupplyed by thole that do not make an exaft fearch into nature and he^ power. I hope this my admonition will not be taken ill, becaulc my aime was not yaine-g lory, but only the good of my neighbor. ^ o Now let us return again to Vitriol. Of thefweet oyk of VitrieL T f^ E Ancients make mention of a Iwect and green oyle of Vitriol, which doth cure the falling ficknefs, killeth worms, andhathothergoodqualities&vertuesbefid'-s- and that the Oy le is to be diftilled prr dtfienfum. To attain unto this oyle the later Phyfitians took greatpaines, butallin vaine : becaufc they did not underftand at all the Ancients about the preparing of this oyle, but thought to get it by the force of fire, andfoufing violent diftillation, they got no iwttt o^e,biit fuchas was very fowre and corrofive, which in tafte, efficacy and vertue was not comparable at all to the former. L A How- 6$ The fecond^fdrt of However they afcribed unto it (though falfcly)the fame vertiieSj which the ancients (according to truth) did unta theirs. Butdaily experience (heweth, that the oyle ( 3 i\'yitriol* as it is found ordinarily, curcth no falling fickneis^nor killedt worrqs, whereas this Philofophical doth it very quickly. Whence it appeareth, that the other is nothing like unto the true medicinal oyle of vitriol,, neither is it to be compared to it. I muft confefs indeed, that ^er de^cen^um out of common vitriol, by the force ot the fire, there may begot a greenilir oyle, which yet is not better then the other becaufe it pro- veth as fharpe in tafte, and of as corroding a quality, as if ic had been diftilled through a Retort. Tiiofc that found out thi« oyle, as FaraceljUs^Ba/tlius^ and fome few others, did alwayes highly efteeniit, and counted it* one of the foure maine pillars^ of Phyfick. And F^aracel/us faith exprefly in his writings^ that its viridity or greennefs*' muftnot be taken away or marred (which indeed a veiy little heat can do) by the fire 5 for.(raith he) if it be deprived of its greennefsjic is deprived alfo of its efficacy and pleafant eflence. Whence ic may be perceived fufficienrly, that- this fweet'' green oyle is not to be made by the force of the fire' as hitherto by many hath been attempted, but in vaine. And it is very probable^ that the ancients, which did fo highly praife the oyle of vitriol, happily knew nothing p£ this way ofdiftilling, which is ufed by us now a dayes : for they only limply followed Nature, and had not fo many fub- tie and curious inventions and wayes of diftilling. But however it is certain, that fuch a fweetand green oyle* cannot be made of vitrioll by the force of the fire, but rather* muftbedone by purification, after a Angular way 5 for the Ancients many times underftood purification for difiillati- on; as it is evident, when they fay, Diftill through a filtre, or through filtring paper ; which by us is notaccountedfor- diftillation3but by them it was. How- fJjtlofofhical FuitHdCit. 6g ” However, this is true and very fare, that a great Tmfure of health for for the health of man) lyeth hidden in Vitriol : yet not in the common, as it is fold every whcre3 and which hath endured the heat of the fire already 5 but in the Oareas it is found in the earth, orits mine. For as foon as it cometh to the day light, it may be deprived by the heat of the Sun of its fubtle and penetrating fpirit, and lb made voyde of vertue; which fpirit, if by Art it be got from thence, fnielleth Tweeter then musk and amber, which is much to be admired, that in fuch a defpicable mineral and grofs fubftance (as it is deemed to be by the ignorant) fuch a royal medicine is to be found. Now this preparation doth not belong to this place, be- caufe we treat here only of fpirits, which by the force offirc are driven ovcr.Likcwile alfo, there doth not belong hither the preparation of the green oyle, becaufe it is made without the helpe of fire. Butin regard, thatmention hath been made of it here, I will (though I kept it alwayes very fecretjpublifh it for the benefit of the poor patients, hoping that it will do much good to many a fick man. For if it be well prepared, ' it doth not only cure perfe£):Iy every Epilepfie orConvulfion in young and old 5 and like-' wife readily and without faile kllleth all worms within and without the body, as the Ancients with truth aferibedunto - it j but alfo many Chronical difeafes and fuch as are held in- curable, may be happily overcome and expelled thereby, as the plague, pleurefie, all forts of feavers and agues, what ever they be called, head-ach, colick, riling of the mother ; alfo all obftruftions in the body, efpecially ofthc fpleen and liver, from whence Mdancholia Hyfochondriaea^ the feurvy, apd many other intolerable difeafes do arife : Alfo the blood in the whole body is by the means thereof amended and renewed, fo that the Pox, Leprofieand other like difeafes proceeding from the infection of the blood are eafily cured thereby : Alfo it healeth fafely and admirably all open fores and ftinking ul- cers turned to fiftula’s in the whole body, and from what caufc; fo ever they did proceed, if. they, be anoynted L.55 > there-.- The fecond fart of therewith 5 and the fame allb be inwardly uftd %e- fidcs. Such and other difeafes more (which it is needicfs here to relate) may be cured fucceflefully with this fwcet oyle ; efpe- cially, if without thelofs of its fweetnefs it be brought ta a red colour 5 for then it will do more then a man dare write of it, and it may ftand very well for a Vanacea in all dif- eafes. frefaratm of the fmet^yleof VitrloL C Ommonly in all fat foylcs or elayic grounds, efpecially in the white, there is found a kinde of ftones, round or oval in form, and in bignefs like unto a pigeons or hens* egg, and fmaller alfo,z^;^. as the joynt of ones finger, on the out- hde black, and therefore not efteemedwhen it is found, but caftaway as a contemptible ftone* Which ifitbe cleanfed from the earth, and beaten to peeces,lookes within of a fair yellow and in ftreaks, like a gold Marcafite, or a rich gold Oare; but there is no other tafte to be perceived in it, then in another ordinary ftone 5 and although it be made into powder, and boy led a long time in water, yet it doth not alter at all, nor is there in the water any other tafte or colour, then that which is had firft (when it was powred upon the ftone) to be perceived. Now this ftone is nothing elfe, but the beft and pureft Minera (or Oare) of Vitriol!, ora feed of Metals; for Nature hath framed it round? like unto a vegetable feed, and fo wed it into the earth, out of which there can be made an excellent medicine, as foUoweth. Take this Oare or Minera beaten into peeces, and for fome fpaceoftime, lay or expofe it to the coole aire, and within twenty or thirty dayes It will magnetically attract a certam faltifti moyfture out of the aire, and grow heavy by it^ and at laft it falleth afunder toa black powder, which nmft remaine further lying there ftilJ, iintill it grow whitifh, and that it do tafte fweet upon the tongue like vitriol. Afterward put it in a glafs-veflel, and pourc on fo much faire iwine water, as Fhildfofhical Furfjaces] as that it cover it one or two inches 5 ftirr it about feveral times in a day, and after a few dayes the water will be colour- ed green, which you muft powre ofF,and powre on more faire water, and proceed as before, ftirringit often untill that alfo come to be green ;this muft be repeated fo often, until no wa- ter more will be coloured by fianding upon. Then let all the grcenwaterswKfcli you poured off, run through filtring paper, tor to puriftc them 5 and then in a glafs-body cut off fhort let them evaporate till a skin appear at the top : then fet it in a cold place, and there will fhoote little green ftones, which are nothing elfc but a pure vitriol : the remaining green water evaporate again, and let it fhoote as before ; ancl this evapo- rating and Cryftallifing muft be continued untill no vitriol more will fhoote, but in warm aud cold places there remaine ftill a deep green pleafant Twee t liquor or juyee : which is the true fweet and green oyle of Vitriol and hath all the vertties above related. But now this green oylc further without fire may atlaft (after the preparing of many fair colours between) be redu- - ced to a blood red, fweet and pleafant oylc^ which goeth far beyond the green both in pleafantnefs and vertue, and is in comparifon to it like a ripe grape to an unripe : Hereof happi- ly fhall be fpoken at another timc,becaufe occafion and time will not permit me now to proceed further in it. And there- fore the Philo-Chymical Reader is defiredfor the prefentto be contented with the green oylc, to prepare it carefully, and to ufe it with diferetion ^ and doubtlcfs he will get more credit by it, and do more wondcrfull things then hitherto hath been don^ by the heavy corroftve . oyle. f 7 ^ I'he fccond^art of "the tife and Vofc ef the fipeet oyle of VitrioU this green oylcj there may be taken from i. 2.4.8. to 10. or 12. drops at once, according to the condition of the patient and the difeafe, in fit Vehicles, in Wineor B§er, in the morning falling, as other medicines are ufually taken : Alfo the Dofe may be increafed or lefTened, and as often reiterated as the difeafe (hall require it. This Oyle expellcthall ill humors,not only by ftoole and vomits^ but alfo by urine and fweating, according as it doth meet with fuperfluities 5 and this very fafely, and without any danger at all; whereby many Jifeafes radically or per- fcftly can be cured. Let no man wonder that lafcribcfuch great vertues unto this oyle, it coming from fuch a defpicable ftone, anditspre- paration requiring no great Art or paynes , as thofe intricate deceitful procefles do, that are every where extant in books quite filled up with them. And it is no marvel, that men are in love with fuch falfc and coftly procefles ; for the moft of them do not believe, that any good is to be found in things^ that are not in efteeme ; but onely make great account of deer things, far fctcht, and requiring much time and paines for to be prepared. Such men do not beleeve the word of God, teftifying,T/Mt Codk no reffe&er ofperfons^ but that all men that fear and love him, are accepted of him. If this be true (which no good Chriftian will doubt) then we muft beleeve alfo, that God created Phy fick or the matter of Phyfick as well Tor the poor as for the rich. Now if it be alfo for the poon then certainly fuch will be the condition thereof, that it may be obtained by them, and.eafily prepared for ufc. So we fee that Almighty God caufeth not onely in great mens grounds to come forth good vegetables. Animals and Minerals, for the curing of the infirmities of mankinde, but that the l^mc alfo are found every where elfe. Whereby we perceive, that it is alfo the will of God, that they fliall be known by all men, and Thilof ifhkalF m fide 6 si " 7 j ar d tharhe aloncj as the Maker of all good ^ may be praifed . and magnified by all men for the fame. I doubt not but that there will be found felf- conceited feofferSj that will defpife this fo little regarded fubjeft, as if no good thing could be made of it^ becaufethey could fibde nothing in it themfclves. But be it known to them^ that nei- ther to me nor them all things have been difeovered, but that yet many wonderful works of Nature arc hidden to us : arid belides that I am not the firft that writ of Vitriol and its me- dicine. For the Ancients our dear Anceftors had alwaycs Vi- triol in^ry^reat efleenb as the following Verfe doth 'prove: ^Vifitahis InttrioraTerrs Ke&ifcando Invenies Occultutn Lapdm Varam Medicinm* Whereby they would giveus to underftand^ that a true medi- cine is to be found ink. And th^ fame alfo was known to the latter Philofophers": for "BafiUus and Paraceljus have al- waycs highly commended itj as in their writings is to be . found. It is to be admired^ that this Oare or Metallical feed, which may juflly be called the gold of the Phyfitians (in regard that fo good a niedicinc can be made of it) is not changed or alter- ed in the carth^like other things that grow in ir^ but keepeth alwayes the fame form and (hapCj untill it cometh to the aire^ which is its earth or ground, wherein itputrefieth & growetb. For firft it fwelleth and groweth like as a vegetable feed doth in the earth: and fo taketh its increafe & grows out of theai. juft as a Iced of an hearb in the earth, and the earth is noc only ics Matrix, wherein it groweth and doth increafe like a vegetable, but it is alfo its Sun which maketh it ripe. For within four weeks at the furtheft it putrefieth and groweth black : and about a fourtnigbt after it groweth white , and then greeny and thus far it hath been deferibed here : But if you proceed further Philofophcr-like therewith, there will corac forth to light at thelaft the faireft redg apdmoftplea- M lant 74 ^ fee end fari of fant Medicine, for which God be praifed forever and ever,., Amen. 0/ the fulphureeus Vi^latile: aiidAgde [f hit of common Salt^ and of Allome. T H E fame way, which above hath been taught for the- making oi the volatile fpirit of vitriol, niuft be likewifc iifed in the making of the volatile Ipirits of common fait and/, allonie. , ihe manner offreparingi "^ Llomeis to becaftin as it is of it felf, without mix- jfiL ingof it, but the fait mnft be mixed with bolus or fomc other earth, to keep it from melting: with the fpirit volatile, . there goeth alfo along an acid fpirit, whofc vertue is deferibed - in the i. part. The Oyle of allome hafb almoft the like ope- ration with the oyle of vitriol. Alfo thefpirit volatile of both.thefe, is of the fame nature and condition with that : which is made of vitriol : and the common fait, and allome donotyeeldas much, as the, vitriol; iinlefs both^z//^. fait and allome be mixed together, and fb a fpirit diftilled of them. . Of the frlphurms volatile fpirit of hfimals aniMeUhy andofthehr preparation- . S Uch a penetrative fulphureous fpirit can be made alfo of Minerals and Metals, which in vertue goeth beyond the . fpirit of vitriol, that of common fait, and diat of allome, wX. atothe following manner, . ^ThiJofofhkal Furnaces. 77 preparation of the volatile [firits of Metals^ D Iffblve either Iron or Copper ^ or Lead or Tin with the acid fpiric of vitriol or of common fait : ab- ftraft or draw off the phlegme 5 then drive the add fpiric a- gaine from theMetalj and he will carry along a volatile ('pi- nt, which by reftifying muftbefeparated from the corrofivc fpirit. Andfuch Metallical fpirits are more effefltual then ^ thofe that are made of the falts. The preparation of the volatile fpirit of Minerals, T Ake of Antimony made into fine powder, oroFgold- Marcafiteiorof fomc other fulphureous MineraJ^which you pleafe, two parts , Mixe therewith i . part of good puri- fied Salt nitre, andcaftin of that mixture one little quanti- ty, and then an o.her, and fo forth after the manner above deferibed ; and there will come over a fpirit which is not in- ferior to the former in efficacy and vertue 5 -but it muft alfo be wellrcftified. Another way, C Ementwhat laminated or granulated' PSetal you pleafe (except gold) with half as much in weight of common Sulphur, doled up in a ftrong melting pot or crucible, fnch as doth not let the Sulphur go through, tor the fpace of half an houre, untdll that the Sulphur hath penetrated and broken the plates of Metals : Then beat them into powder, mixe them with the like quantity in weight of common fait, and fo diftill it after the way above mentioned, and you will get a volatile fpirit of great vertue : and every fuch fpirit is to be ufedfor fuch fpccid part or member of the body, as the Me- tal is proper for it, out of which the fpirit is made. So Silver for the braine 5 Tinne for the lungs, Lead for the ipleen, and ib forth. 2 The ‘The fcaond /part of} the [pirit of. Zimh^y Ziwck tlitre isdiftilled both, a volatile and alfoanadd ^fplriCj good for the heart, whether it be made by the help of the fpirit of Vitriol!^ or of fait, or of Allonie: cr elfe by. the means of Sulphurs fQrZijick is of. the nature of gold.. 7hevQlatile[firitofthe 'Droffeafthe Regulus^Inn^^ 1 ?He black fcoria of the Kegulus Mi 4 qua Regis* I F you diflolve common fait (which hath been decrepitated firft) in this acid fpiric of fait nitre, and redifie it through . a glafs retort (lying in fand) by a good ftrong^re, it will be fo ftrong,that it isable to diflblve gold, and all other metals . and minetals, except filver and fulphur 5 and fcveral metals may by the means thereof be feparated much better then by < that Aqua regia which hath been made by adding of Salt Ar^ moniack. But ifyou reftifie it with lapis calaminar is or Zinck, it will be ftronger yet, fo as able to diffolvc- all metals and Mi- nerals (filver and fulphur excepted) whereby in the handling of Metals, much more may be efFefted, then with common iipirit of fait nitre or fulphur, as now hereafter fhall be taught .and firft in the preparing of gold, l^heprefaratmof Aurmtjulminans^r AurumUQnitrtims, T Ake of fine granulated or laminated gold fwhither it be refined by Antimony or Aquafortis') as 1 much as you ;plcafe : put it in a little glafs body, and powrc four or five times as much of Aqua regis upon it, fet it ftopt with a paper in a gourd in warme fandj and the Aqua regis within the fpace of one or two hours will diftblve the gold quite into a yellow water: biitif it have not done fo; it is a figne, that either the water was not ftrong enough, or that there was too little of it for to diflblve it. Then powre the folution from the gold, ivhich is not diffolvedyet into another glafsjand poure more of frefh Aqua Regia upon the gold : fet it again to diflblvein warme fand or alhes, and the remaining gold will likewife be .diffolvcd by it, and then there will remaine no more, but a lit-*^ .tie white calx, which isnothing elfe but filver, whicheould not Thihfofhtcal Furnaces; 79 not be diflblved by the Aqua Regia (for the AquaRegta whi- ther it be made after the comm on way with fait Anmoniack, or clfc with common faltj doth not ciiflo]\^e filver) fo in like mmncrcommon Aqua forth ^ or fpiritof fait nitre didblveth no gold 5 but all other metals are diflblved as well by ftrong Aqua fortis as by Aqua Eegia, And therefore you mufi: be care- ful to take fuch gold as is not mixed with Copper^ elfe your work would be fpoiled : for if there were any Copper mixed with it, then that likewife would be diflblved and precipita- ted together with the gold 5 and it would be a hindrance to the kindling or fulminating thereof ; but if you can get no gold ; that is without Copper, then take Ducats or Rofe- nobles, which ought to have no addition of Copper, but onely of a little filver, which doth net hurt, becaufe that it cannot be diflblved by the Aqua Rtgia^ but remaineth in the bottomc in a while powder. Make thofe Ducats or Rofe nobles red hot> and afterward bend them, and make them up in roles, and throw them into the Aqua Regia for to diflblve. All the gold being turnedinto yellow water, and poured off, pom e into it by drops a pure oyle made of the Salt of Tartarper dcli^ quintn^ and the gold will be precipitated by the contrary li- quor of the Salt of Tartar into a brown yellow powder, and the folution will be clear. But you muft take heedj to pour nomorcoylc of Tartarintoitthen is needful for the precipi- tation of the gold 5 elfe part of the precipitated gold would be diflblved again, and fo caufe yourlofs. The gold being well precipitated, pou re off the deer water from the gold calx by inclination and pourc upon itwarmraine or other fweet water^ ftir it together with a clean ftick of wood, andfetit in a wgrm place, until the gold is fettled, fo that the water ftandeth deer upon it again j then poure it off, and poure on other frcfli water jsnd let it extraft the faltnefs out of the gold ^ calx : and this pouring off, and then pouring on of frefh wa- ter againe,fnuft be reiterated fo often, iintill no fharpHcfsor faltnefs more be perceived in the water that hath been poured i off.; Then fet the edulcorated gold into the 5 un or another waxmi5 So I'hefecondfdrt of warm place for to dry. Bat you muft take heed that 'it have no greater heat then the heat of the Sun is in Mayor- June;, elfe it would kindle or take fire^ and (efpecially if there be much of it) give fuch a thunder clap, that the hearing of thofe that (land by^ would be much endangered thereby^ and therefore I advife you to beware and cautious in the handling of it, left you run the hazard both of your gold and of your health by your overfight. There is alfo another way for to edulcorate your precipita' ted ^o\df,viz. thus, take it together with the laited liquor,and poiire itintoa lUrmel lined with brown paper laid double, and lb let the water run through into a glafs vtflel, whereupon the funnel doth reft.and poiire on other warm water^andlct it run through likewife^ do this again, & again iintill that the water come from it as fweet as it was poured on.Thcn take the paperwith the edulcorated gold calx, out of the funnel, lay it together with the paper upon other brown paper lyingfe- verally double together, and the dry paper will attrad all the hioyflncfs out of the gold calx? ib that the gold can be dryed the fooner. Which being dry, take itout of the Siting pa- p6r, and put it into another that is clean, and fo lay it afide^ andkeep it for ufe. The faked water that came through by filtring, may be evaporated in a little glafs body ((landing in fand) until to thedrynefs of {alt(ad fiedtaUm falls') which is to be kept from the aire : for it is likewife ufeful in phyfick 5 be- caufc fonie vertuc of the nature of gold is yet hidden in it : though one (hould not think it, in regard that it is fo faire, bright and deer ; which for all that may be obferved by this, that when you melt it in a clean covered crucible or pot, and poure it afterward in a clean Copper morter or bafon (being firft made warm)yo'u get a purple coloured fait, whereor6.p. 12. to 24. grains given in, doth cleanfc and purge the ftomach and bowels, and efpecially it is ufeful in leavers and other difeafesof theftomach. But in the crucible, out of which the fait hath been poured, you will finde an earthy fubfiance, which hath feparated it felftroni the fait, and lookcthycl- lowiihs this being taken out and melted in a little crucible Fkilofofhkd Fmn^ias. 8 i by a ftrong fire^ tiirneth to a yellow glafs^ which is im- pregnated with the Tinfture of Gold, and doth yceld a corn (or grain J of filver in every regard like unto common cupel- latcd filver 5 wherein no gold is found, which is to bead- mired : becaufe that all Chymlfts arc of opinion, that no ^qua regia can diflolve filver, which is true. The quefiion therefore is from whence or how this filver came into the fait fince no Aqua Kegia doth diflolve filver? whereupon fome perchance may anfwer, that it muft have been in the oyle of Tartar, in regard that many do believe, that the falts like- wife may be turned into metals, which I do not gain fay but only deny that it could have been done here 5 - for if that filver had been exiftent in the Aqua Regia or fait of Tartar (whereas Aqua Regia cannot bear any ) it would have been preci- pitated together with the gold. But that it was no common filver, butgold which turned to filver after it was deprived ofits Tinfture, I fhall briefly endeavor to prove. For that fait- waters (of Aqua Regia and fait of Tartar J out of which the gold hath been precipitated, is of that nature, before it be coagulated to fait, though it be quite clear and white, that if you put a feather in it, it will be dyed purple within few dayes, which purple colour comes from the gold, and not from filver ; in regard that filver doth ^ye red or black ; and hence it appearcth, that the fait water hath retained fome- thing of gold. Now fome body peradventure may ask : if that thefaid^ fait water hath retained fome gold, how is it thenr that in the melting no gold comes forth, but only filver > To which I anfw£r that fome falts arc of that nature,that in the melting they take from the gold its colour andfoulci whereof if the gold be truly deprived, it is then no more gold nor can be fuch j neither is it filver, but remaincth onely a volatile black body, good for nothing, which alfo proveth much more unfixt then common lead, not able to endur.^ any force of fire, much lefs the cupel ; But like Mercury or Ar'enicum va- niCheth (or flyeth away) by a fniall heat. Hence it may be gathered, that the fixeduefs (or fixity) of gold doth confift N in S I The feco^d part of in its foul or Tinfture, and not in its body, and therefore it is credible, that gold may be anatomized, its bcft or purer part feparatcd from the groffer (orcoorfcr) and fothat a Tingent medicine (or linftuic) may be made of it. But whether this be the right way, whereby the iiniverfal medicine of the ancierit Philofophers (by whofe means all metals can be changed or tranfmuted into gold ) is to berttained unto,! will not di.'pure ; yet I believe that pcradveiuure there may be another iubjc^, endued with afar higher Tinfture then, gold is, which obtained no more from nature, then itdotb need itfelf for its pwn fixednels. However, we may fafely he- Iceve, that a true Anima or Tinfture of gold, if it be well fc-- parated from its impure black body, may be exalted and im- proved in colour^ fo that afterwards of an imperfeft body a greater quantity,.then that was from which it was abftra^fedj may be improved and brought tp the perfe6fion of gold. But waving all this, it is true and certain, that if the gold be de- prived of its Tinffure, the remaining body cannomorebe gokh as is demonftrated more at large in my treatifr (de Aur^ pxMi of the true potable Gold : And- this I mentioned here oncly therefore, that in cafe the lover of this Art, in his • work (hould meet perchance with fuch a white come, he may know, from whence it doth proceed. I could have forborne to fet down the preparation ofthe - fulminating gold, and fo favc paper and time, in regard that it is deferibed by others : but becaufe I promifed in thefirft pal t to teach how to ruake the flores df gold, and thatthofe are to be made out ot fulmina'tiug (or tbundring ) gold, I thought it not amils to defciibe its preparation, that the lover of this Art need net firft have his re ecu rfe to another book for to finde out the preparation, but by this my book may be furnifoed with a perfe^ inftruftion for the making of thefloresof gold, and this is the common way for to make Aurumjulminans^ known unto moft Chymifls ; but in regard that eafiiy an error may be committed in it, either by pour- ing on too much pfthe liquor of Tartar (efpccially tvhen it is,not pure enough, fo that npt all the golddotfrprccipitate. Fhihfofhicd Furmces. 8j[ but part of it remaineth in the folutionj whereby you would havelofsjor eacjthe goid falling or precipitating into a heavy calx^ which doth not fulminate well^and is unfit for to be fublimed into florts. Therefore I will here fet down another and much better wayj whereby the gold can be precipitated quite and clean out of the Aqua Regia without theleaftlofs, and fo that it cometh to be very light and yellotVj and doth fulminate twice as ftrong as the former;, and there is no other difference between this and the former preparation, but only that in fteed of theoylc of Tartar, you take the fpirit of urine or of Salt Armoniack for to precipitate the diffblved gold thereby ; and the gold fas before faid) will be precipitated much purer, then it is done by the liquor of the fait of Tartar, and being precipitated, it is to be edulcorated and dry ed, as above in the tiiil preparation hath been taught. the u[e of Autum fulminans* ^Here is little to write of the ufe of Aurum fulminans in phyffck ; for becaule it is not unlockt, but is onely agrofs calx and not acceptable to the nature of man, it can do no miracle. And although it be ufed to be given per [e from 6. 8 1 2 . grains to 3 i. for to provoke fweating in the plague, and other malignant feavers, yet it would never fucceedfo well as was expeded. Some have mixed it with the like weight of common fulphur, and made it red hot (or calcined it) whereby they deprived it of its fulminating vertue, fup- poling thus to get a better medicine, but all in vaine, for the gojd calx would not be amended by fuch a grols preparation. But how to prepare a good medicine out of Aurum fulminansy fothat it may be evidently fecn, that the gold is no dead bo- dy nor unfit for phyffck, but that it may be made quick and fit for to put forth br fhew forth thole vertues which it plealed God to treafiirc up in it, I Hull briefly difeover i t here. g -j. The\ fecond fdrt of Firftget fuch an inftrument (as above hath been taught^ made for you out of Copper^ bnt not too big, nor with a lid at the top, but only with a pipe, unto which a receiver may be applycd, which niuft not be luted to it, but it iufficcth,tha^ the pipe enter far into the belly of the receiver ^ and at the lower part it nuift have a flatbottonie, that it may be able to ftand : over the bot^ome there imiftbe a little hole with a lit- tle door, that clofeth very cxa£ily : and there muft be alfo two little plates or fcales of filver or copper, as big as the naile of ones tinger, whereupon the Aurum fulminans iB to be fet in- to the the Inllfuments v;hich is to ftand upon aTrevetjUnder which you are to lay fonie burning coals for to warm or heat the bottom wiihal. The Inftrument together with theglafs re- ceiver being fo ordered, that it ftands faft,and alfo the bottom thereof beingwarmed or heated, then with little pinfers one of' the little fcalesjcontaining 2.3. or4. grains of Aurum fnlminans nnift be conveighed into the Inftrument St fet upon the warm bottom, and then (hut the little door, and whenthegold doth feel the heat, it kindleth and giveth a clap, and there is catifcd a reparation and efpecial unlocking of the gold; for^ as foou as the clap is done, the gold doth go through the pipe like a purple coloured fmoak into the receiver, and fticks on every where like a purple coloured powder. When, the fmoak is vanifhed, which is foon done, then take the empty fcale out of the Inftrument or Oven, and fet in ihe other with the gold which will likewife, fulminate and yeild its flores , Then the firft being cooled in the mean time, is to be filled again and- put in, in ftead of that which is empty, and (b forth; putting in one fcale after another.by turns, coininueit fo long till you have got flores enough : After the fublimation is perform- ed, Ut the Copper veflel grow coole, and then fwcep or brufti the gold powder which is not fublimcd with a hairesfoot or a goofe feather out of the veflel, which powder ferveth for no- thing, but to be melted with a Iittleborras,and it wil begood gold again, but qnely fomwhat paler then it was before it was made into fulminating gold. But theflores in the receiver cannot be bruflied out thus, cfpccially when they arc caft phikfofhical Furmces. 85 in with an addition of fait Nitre, as by the flores of filver hereafter fhall be taught, becaufe they are fomething nioift, and therefore poure" in as much of dephlegmed Tartarifed fpirit of wine unto it, as you think it to be enough, for to wafh off f-he flores with. This done, pour out the fpirit of wine, together with the burnt Phosnix into a clean glafs, with a long neck, fet it (being well luted firfl:) into a gentle Balneum, or into Warm afhes for fome daye?, and the fpirit of wine in the mean time will be coloured with a fairered, which you muft poure off and then poure on other frefh fpirit &: fet it in a warm place for to be diflblved,this being likewife coloured, put both the extracts together in a little glafs body, and abftra£f the fpirit of wine (in Balneo J from the Tinfture, which will be little in quantity, but of a high red colour and pleafant in taftc. The remaining flores from which theTin- dlure is extracted, may be with water waflied out of the glafs, and then dryed if they are to be melted 5 and they willyeild a little pale gold> and the mofl part turneth into a brown glafs, out of which perchance fomething elfe that is good may be made, butunknown to meeas yet. N.B. If you mixe the Aurum fnlminans with fome fait nitre, before fulmination, then the flores will be the more foluble, fo that they yeeld their Tin£fure foonerand more freely, then alone of tliemfeivcs 5 and if you pleale, you may adde there- to thrice as much (alt nitre, and fo fublinie them in flores, in the fame manner, as fhall be taught for the making of the flores of filver. Theufeofthe T injure of Gold* T He extracted Tindure is one of the chiefeftof thofemc* dicines, which comfort and cheer up the heart of man, renew and reftore to youthfulnefs, and cleanfe the impure blood in the whole body , whereby many horrible difeafes, as the leprofie, the poxj and the like may be rooted out, , N. 3, \ Built- g5 The fecond fdrt of But whether this Tinfture by the hcJp of fire may be further advanced into a fixed fubftance I do not know ; for I have not proceeded further inir^ then here is mentioned. Of the flares nfftlver and of its meilcme. H Aving promifed in the firft part of this boolr^when 1 was deferibing the preparation of flores out of Metals) to teach in the fccond part to make the flores of gold and hi- ver, thofe of gold being difpatcht ; there followeth now in order after the gold^to fpeak alfo of fitver and of its preparati- on^ which is to be thus performed. Take of thin laminated or fmal granulated fine filver as much as you pleafe, put it into a little feparating glafs body, and poure upon it twice as much in weight of reftified fpirit of fait nitre^ and the fpirit of fait nitre will prefcntly begin to work upon the filver and to diflblve it. But when it will not diflblve any more in the cold, then you mu ft put the glafs body into warm fand or aflies, and the water wil prefent- ly begin to work again ; let the glafs ftand in the warm afhes, iintiil all the filver be diflblved. Then put the foliition out of the little glafs body, ijito another fuch as is cut off at the top, and put on a little head or Limbeck, and in fandab- ftraft themoity of the fpirit of fait nitre from the diflblved filver 5 thenjetthe glals bodyrcraainc in the land till it be code 5 after take it out, and letitreft foradayanda night, and the filver will turn into white foliated cryftals, from which you muft poure off the remaining folution which is not turned; and from thence abftraft again the moity of the fpirit, and let it fhoote or turn in a cold place ; and this ab- ftrafting and cryftallifing you are to reiterate, until almoft all the filver is turned to Cryftals; which you muft take out and lay them upon filtring paper for to dry, and fo keep it for fuch further life, as hereafter fhal>,be taught. The rer maining folut’on, which is not cryftallifcd, you may in a cop- per vcflcl by adding of ffvect water thereto, precipitate over Fhilofofhical Furnaces] 87 the fireinto a calx, and then edulcorate and dry and keep it for other ufe^ or clfe melt it again into a body. Or clfeyou may precipitate the fame with fait water^ and fo edulcoi ute and dry it 5 and you will have a calx^ which doth melt by a gentle fire, and is of a fpecial naturc^in the fpirit of urine, of fait Armoniack, of Hartftiorn, of Amber,of foot^and of haire itdotheafily diffblve; and it may be prepared or turned into good medicines, as Ihortly in our treating of the fpirit of urine fhall be taught. Or elfe, you may choofe not to pre- cipitate the remaining folution of filver, but with the fpirit of urine to extract an excellent Tinfture, as hereafter ftiall he taught. 0 / the ufe ef the cryftals of filveu T Hcfe cryftals may fafely be ufed in Phy lick alone by them- felves 3. 6. 9. 1 2. grains thcreofbeing mixed with a little fugar, orelfeniadeuplntopils; they do purge very gently and without danger; but by reafon of their bitternefs they arefomewhat untoothfometotakej alfo, if they be not made up into pils, they colour the lips, tongue and mouth quite black (but the reafon of that blacknefs belongcth not to this place to treat of) but fhall by and by follow hereafter) Alfo if they touch metals, as Silver, Copper and Tin, they make them black and ugly, and therefore they are not much ufed. But if you put into the folution of filver (before it be reduced into Cryftals ) halfe as much quick- filver as there was of the filver, and fo difiblve them together and afterwards let them fhoote togetherjthere will come forth very faire little fquare ftones like unto Allome, which do not melt in the aire, as the former foliated ones ufe to do; nei- ther are fo bitter, and they purge alfo quicker and better, then thofe that are made onely of filver* 88 Tbefccond fart 6f 'How to [ublime the Gryjlals if fiber into flores, andthen to mak^ a good Medicine of the flares- T Ake of the foliated Cryftals of Silver as many asyou pleafe^and upon a“grmding ftone made warmfiift^grinde as much purified and wel dryed fait nitre amongft it^and Jay it into your Iron dilHlIing veflel (to the pipe whereof there is to be applyed and luted a great receiver) coles made into powder two inches high, and make a fire under it, that the veflel every where together with the coles that are in it, be- come red hot. Then takeoff the lid , and with a ladle throw in at once of your Cryftals of filver 5 i. yea more or lefs, ac- cording as you thinlt that your receiver in regard ofits bigneft is able to bear. This done, prefently put on the lid, and the fait nitre together with the cryftals of filver will be kindled by the coles that lye on the bottome of the veficl, and there will come forth awhitefilver fume through the pipe into the receiver, and after a while when the cloud is vanifhed in the receiver, caft in mo remand continue this fo long, until all your prepared filver is caft in 5 then let it ^le, amd take off the receiver, and poureinto it good Alcolized fpirit of wine, and wafh the floreswich it out of the receiver, and proceed further with them, as above you have been taught to proceed with the gold, asd you will get a grcenifti liquor, which is very good for the braine. Take the coles out of the diftilling veflel, and make them into fine powder, and* wafh them out with water, to the end that the light cole-duft may be got from it; and you will finde much filver duft fora great many little filver graines) which the fait nitre could not force over, whic h you may re- duce,for it will be good filver. There can alfb be made a very good medicine out of, the cryftals of filver, which will be little inferior to the former, ivbcreby thedifeafes and infirmities of the braine may be very well remedied, which is done thus : How thilofofhkdl Imnuif. Hew? to a gresn oyle out of fiiver. 29 P Ourc upon Cryflals of filver twice or thrice as much (in weight) of theftrongeftipiritoffalc Armoniackj put k in a glafs with a long neck well clofed^ into a very gentle warmth for the fpace of 8. or 14, dayes in digeftion, and thefpiritof fait Armoniack will be tinged with a very faire blew colour from the filver, then pour it off, and filtre it through brown paper, and then put it in a little glafs retort ^r glal's body, and abftraft in Balneo by a gentle fire, almoft all the fpirit of fait Armoniack (which isftill good for life) and there will remaine in the bottom a grafs green liquor, which is to be kept for a medicine* But in cafe, thatyou fhouldmifs, and abftra£f too much of the fpirit from the Tin£lure of filver, fo that the Tinfturc be quite dry, and turned to a green fait, then you muft poure upon it again as much of the fpirit of fait Armoniack, as will diffolve the green fait again to a green liquor, but if youdtfireto have the Tinfture purer yet, then abftra^all uioyftnefs from to a ftony drynefs : upon which you muft poure good fpirit of wine, which will quickly diffolve the Hone, and then filtre it, and there will remaine faces, and the Tin^iure will be fairer : from which you muft abftraft moft of the fpirit of wine, and the Tin^ure will be fo much the higher in vertue. But if you pleafe, you may diftill that green fait or ftonc (before it be extrafted once again with fpi- ritof wine) in a little glafs -retort, and you will get afub- tilc fpirit and a fharp oy le, and in the bottome of the retort there reraaineth a very ftifilc filver which could not come over. It is to be admired, that when you pour fpirk of fait Ar- moniack or fpirit of wine upon that ftonef 10 diffolve it, that the glafs comes to be fo cold by it,that yon haridyare able to endure it in your hand, which coldnefs m pinion cometh from the filver (being fo wellunlockO which natu- Kdlyiseold* o o 50 ftcond part of: 7'hff ufe of the '^reen liquor in Alchymyy and for Mahanical rations $ T His green liquor fcrveth not only for a medicincj but- alfo for other Chymical operations (for both Copper and glafs may be eafily and very fairly (ilvered over therewith^ very ufeful for thofe that are curious and love to make a fticw with fair houftiold-ftuffj for if you get diftieSjtrencher plates^ falters, cups and other veflelsmadeof glafs, after [the fame fafhion as thofe of filver ufe to be made, you may very cafily and without any confiderable charge filver them over there* with within and without, fothat by the eye they cannot be difeernedfrom true filver plate. Befides the above related good medicines, there may be made an other and efpecial good one out of the cry ftals of hi- vtVyViz. diflTolving and digelling them (forafpaceof time) with the univerfal water, which hath been diflilled by na- ture it felf^ and is knowm to every body : and-afterits di- gefting for a fhort time, and change into feveral colours, there will be found :a pleafant efience, which is not lo bitter as the above deferibed green liquor, which is not brought yet. by heat to ripenefle- and ■ matu- ration. N. B. In this fwcet univerfal Menftruum , there can alfb all other metals by afmall heat and thedigeftion of along time be ripened and fitted for medicines (having firft been re- duced into their vitriols and falts) and then they are no more dead bodies^ but by this preparation have- .'recovered anew life, and are no more the metals of the covetous, but may be called, the metals of the Philofophcrs and of the Phyfi- txans* ^ FhUcfe^hical Furnaces. Beftdes Phyjtck^or fhyfical ufe.^ ?r ATlIy there may be many pretty things more cffe(5i:ed (be« X-# the medicinal ufe) by means of the Cryftals of fit- yer^vtz* when you diflblve them in ordinary fweet raine wa- ter, you can dye beards, haire, skin, and nailes of men or beafts into carnation or pinck red, brown & black according as you have put more or lefs thereof in the water 5 or elfe, ac- cording as the haire was more or lefs times wetted therewith, whereby the afpe6i: of man and beaft (which fometimes in fe- vcral occafions may not be contemnedjis changed, fo that they cannot be known. This colouring or dye may be alfo performed with Lead or Mercury no lefs then with fiiver, but otherwile prepared, whereof in the fourth part. Now I have taught how to make flores and tinflures of gold and fiiver by the help of theacid fpifit of Nitre. There may be many other medicines taught to be made out of them, but in regard that they belong not to this place, theyfhall be referved for other places of this fccond, and alfo for the other following parts. As by the help of the fpirit of Nitregood medicines c^n be made out of gold and fiiver; fo the like may be done out ofo- tberinferiour metals. But in regard that their defcription is fitter for other places of this book, f do omit them here. Yet neverthelefs I thought good,to dcfcribe one preparation ofc- very metal, and after the fiiver there followcth iiow the copper. medicine m e/ coffer externally U be ufed. " D iflblve burnt plates of copper in fpirit of fait, ab- ftca^f the fpirit apin from thence to a drynefs^ but not too hard, and there will a green malsrcmaine behinde,which you may caft in by little and little, and fo diftil it, as of lil- ycr hath been taught* Itdoihycild aftrongand powerful O 2 fpirk Tbe'fecond fart ef Spirit and flores alfo for oiitwardufe in putrid wounds to lay a good ground thereby for the healing- A meiidne' out of hon orjfeeh TN the fame manner you may proceed with iron andftee!,. * and there will remalnc bchinde a good crocus of a great ftipticity oraftringency) cfpeclally out of iron or ftcclci) and may with good fuccefs be mixed with oyntnicnts andi plafters. Of Tin and Bead. TF Tin or Lead be diffblvcd therein, after the abftrad^ing of ^ part of the fpirit, they will (hoote into cicer and fweet cryftals. But Tin isnot foeafily diflblvcd as lead ; both may fafely be u(ed for medicines. Alfo there may befpiritsand flores got out of them by diftilling. Thcrehcarfing of the preparation is needlefs, for what for the preparing of filver hath been, taught, is to be underftood alfo of other, metals. The kfeef theeryflais of Lead and Tin^ T Hc cryftals of lead are admirably good to be ufed in thc' plague for to provoke fwcating and expel the venome out of the body ; they may aHb with credit be ufed in the bloody flux. Externally diflblved in waterg and clothes dipt therein and applycd they excellently coolc and quench l be ufed in thepreparation of it,yet for all that in the diftilling^uothing or but very little of its fpirit comes over with the fpitlt of fait nitre, and that by fo fmall a heat it cannot rife fo high, as the fpirit of fait n icre doth : and the vitriol is added onely therefore unto the fait nitre, that he may hinder its melting together, and fo the more facilitate its go- ing into a fpirit. And for the more to be convinced of this truth the unbelieving may adde to fijch fpirit of fait nitre, as is made by it felf, a little of oyle of vitriol likewifemade by it felf, and try to diflblve filver gilded with it, and he will finde’ that his fpirit of fait nitre by the fpirit of vitriol is made unfit “to make a feparation ^ for it prey eth notably upon the guld^ which is not done by Aqua forth* P Of 7::he [econdf^rt of ^8 Of the [ulfhurizedfpmt of fait nitre. Here can alfo be made a fpirit of fait nitre with fulphur> i which is ftill in ufe with many, that they take a ftrong earthen retort, which hath a pipe at the top, and faften it into a furnace, and having put fait nitre in it, they let it melt, and then through the pipe they throw peeces of ful- phurof thebignefsof a pea one after another, which bemg Kindled, together with the nitre doth yield afpiiit calledby fome fpirit of fait nitre,, and by others oyle of fulphur, but falfely ; for it is neither of both, in regard that metals cannot bediflblved therewith as they are done withother fpirit of fait nitre or fulphurj neither is there any great ufe for it in phyiick, and if it were good for any Chymical opera tions,by the help of my diftilling inftrument might eafily.be made and ^ in great quantity. N,B. But if fait nitre be mixed with fulphur in due pro- portion, and in the firft furnace be caft upon quick coles,then all will be burnt, and a ftrong fpirit cometh over, whofe ver- tue is needlefs here to deferibe 3 but more ftiall be. menti- oned of. it .in another places Of the Clifus.. A Mong the Phyfitians of this latter age, there is mention made of another fpirit, which they make of Antimony, Sulphur,andraltnitrc, a like quantity taken of each, which they call Chffu;^ i^nd which they havejn high efteem, and not without caufe, becaufe it can do much good, jf it be well' prepared* Theinvencorfor the making thereof ufed a retort with a pipe, as was mentioned by the fulphuri2ed fpirit of fait nitre, through which pipe he threw in his mixture, And it is a good if.no better be known : butif th< Author had known Thihfofhkal Turndces\ gg my invention and way ofdiftilling, 1 doubt^not but he would havefetafide his^ that hath a nofeorpipe retorr^ and made ufe of mine. The materials indeed are good^but notthe weight or pro- portionj for to what purpofe fo great a quantity of fulphurjit being not able to burn away all with fo imal a quantity of (alt nitre.And if it doth not burn away^but only fublime and (lop the neck of theretort^whereby thediftillation is hindred^how can it then yeeld any vertue? Therefore you ought ' to take not fo much fulphur^but only fuch a quantity as will fci ve to kindle the fait nitre^z//^. to lb i. of (alt nitre four drams of fulphur t but becaufe Antimony alfoisone of the ingredi- ents, which hath likewife much fulphur (for there is no Antimony fo pure, but itcontaineth much combuftible ful- phur^as in the fourth part of this book (haJ be proved ;) there- fore it is needlefs to add (b much fulphur unto Antimonie, to inakeitburn, becaufe it hath enough of it felf^ And there- fore I willfet down my compofition, which I found to be better then the (irft. Take Antimony fb i. fait nitre Ifcij. fulphur §iij. the materials rhuft be made into fmal powder and well mixed, and at once caft in | thereof, and there will come over afiilphurcous acid fpirit of Antimony, which will mix it felt with the water, which hath been put before in the receiver; which after the diftillation is finifhed muft be taken out and kept clofe for its ufe. 1 1 is a very good diaphoretick(^or fweat' provoking^ medidne efpccially in feavers,the plague, epilep- fie, and all other difeafes, whofe cure muft be performed by (wealing. The Cafut Moytuum may be fublimed into flores in ^hat furnace, which is deferibed in the firft part. Of thsiartari[ed[firitofnltre, I N the very fame manner there may alfo be diftilled a good fweat-provoking (pirit outof fait nitre and Tartar, alike quantity taken of each, which is very good to beufedinthc plague and malignant feayers. P 2 The 100 The [econd part of ThtCafui Moft uum Is di good melting powder for to reduce tbecalxes ot metals therewith *, or eUe you may let it diflolve in a moyft place to oyle of Tartar, Of the "Tartar i[ed fpirh of AnXimonjK A Much better fpirit yet may be made of Tartar/alt nitre,. and Antimony, a like quaniity being taken of each and made into fine powder, and niixed well together, which though k be not fo pleafant to take, is therefore not to be delpifcd. For not only in the plague and feavers, but alfo in all obftruftions and corruptions ot blood it may be ufed with admiration of its fpeedy help. The Caput Monuum may be taken out, and melted in acru-i^ cible, and it will yeeld a jferg; but do not approve our felves to be fuch by our works : every one thinketh himfelf better then others, and for a words fake ' which one underftandeth otherwife, or takes in another fenfe ^ then the other (and though it be no point, wherein falvation ' doth Thtlofofhical Furnaces. to$ doth depend) one curfeth and condemneth another and per- fecuteth one another unto death which Chrift never taught us to do^ but rather did earneftly command us that we fliould love one another, reward evil with good, and not good with evil, as now adayes everywhere thcyuiecodo, every one ftandeth upon his reputation, but the honor ot God and his command are in no repute, but arc trampled under foot, and Lucifers pride, value ambition, and Pharijaicall hypocri- lieorftiewof holinefs, hath fo far got the upper-hand with the learned, that none will leave his contumacy or fiub- bornnefs, or recede a little from his opinion although the whole world fhould he turned uplide down thereby. Are not thefe fine Chriftians > By their fruit you (hall know them, and not by their words. Woolves are now clothed ^With (heeps skins, fo that none of them almoft are to be found, and yet the deeds and works of Woolves are every where extant. All good manners are turned into bad, women turn men, and men women in their fafhion and behaviour, contrary to the inftitution and ordinance of God and Nature. In brie^ tke world goeth on crutches. If Heraclitus and Democritus fhould now behold this prelent world, they would finde ex- ceeding great caufe for their lamenting and laughing at it. And therefore it is no marvel, that God fent fuch a terrible fcourge as the gun-powder is upon us 5 and it is credible, that if this do not caufe our amendment, that a worfe will follow, viz. thunder and lightning falling down from heaven, whereby the world (halbe turned uplide down for to make an end of all pride, felf-love, ambition, deceit and vanity. For which the whole creature doth waite, fervently defiring to be delivered from the bondage thereof. Now this preparation, which is the moft hurtfull poylbn, a terror unto all the livingjis nothing elfe but a fulmcn Terreftrc denouncing unto us the wrath and coming of the Lord. For Chrift for to judge the world is to come with thundering and lightning : and this earthly thunder perchance is given us for to put us in minde and fear of that w hich is to comcj but this Q. is fec'0/id part of is not fo much as thought on by men, who prepare it only for to plague and deftroy mankiride therewith in a nioft cruel - and abominable manner, as every oneknoweth. For none can deny but that there is no nimbler poyfon,, then this gunpowder. It is written of the Bafiliskc, that he killeth man only by his look, which a manmayavoyd, and there are but kw ( if any at all) of them found ; but this poyfon is now prepared and found every where. How often doth it tall out, that a place wherein this pow- der is kept is ftricken with thunder as ivith iis likc,in fo much that all things above it are in a moment deftroyed, and carry- ed up into the aire ? Alfo in ficges,when an Ordnance is dif- charged, or mines blown up, all whom it lays hold on, are fuddenly killed , and moft milerably dellroyed. ' What nimbler poyfon then could there be invented ? I beleeve there is none, who will not acknowledge it to be fuch. ] And feeing that the ancient Philofophers and Chymifts ' were alwayes of opinion, that the greater the poyfon is, the ■ better medicine may be made of it, after itis freed from the. poyfon, which with us their pofterity proved true by many experiences ; as wc fee by Antimony, AiTenkk, Mercury, and the like minerals, v/hich without preparation are meer poy- ^ foil, but by due prepartion maybe turned into the beft and ^ moft effeftual medicaments, which though not every one can comprehend or believe, yet your Chymifts know it to be true, and the doing of it is no new thing to them. And becaufe I treat in this fecond part of medicinal fpirits, and other good medicaments,, and Hnding that this which can be made out of the gunpowder, is none of the leaft, I would not omit in fome meafure, and as far as lawfully may be done, to let down its preparation : which is thus per formed. Fhihfophkdl Furmces. 107 How to ma}^ a [fir it of Gunpowder* Y Our diftill 4 ng vcflel being made warm, and a great re- ceiver with Uveet water in it, bting apply ed to it without luting, put a difh with gunpowder, containing about 12 . or 15. grains a peece^ one after another into it 5 in the fame man- ner as above was taught to do with gold. For if you fhouid put in too much of it at once, it would caufe t(jO much winde and breakithe receiver. As Toon as you have conveighed it into the vefTcl, fniit the doore, and the gunpowder will kindle, and give a blalf that it maketh the receiver ftii^and a white mifl or fteam will come over into the receiver. As foon as the powder is burnt, you may caft in more before the mill is fettled, becau le elfe the di- ftilling of it would coft too much time, and fo you may con- tinue to do untill you have fpirit enough. Then let the hre go out, and the furnace grow coole, and then take off the receiver, po lire the fpirit with the water that was poured in before (theflores being firft every where waflied off with it ) out of the receiver into a glafs body, and reftifie it in a B. through a limbeck, and there will come over a muddy water, tailing and fmelling of fulphur: which you muft keep. In the glafs body you will finde a white fait, which you are to keep likewile in the glals-body. Take out the Caput .Mortuumy which remained in the diflilling veflel, and looks like gray fait, calcine it in a covered crucible, that it turn white, but not that it melt 5 and upon this burnt or calcined fait, pour your (linking water, which came over through the limbeck, and dilTolvc the calcined white fait with it, and the feces which will not diffolve call away. Tiltre the folution, and poure it upon the white fait, which remained in the glafs body,from which the fulphureous fpirit was abllraftcd before, and put the glafs body (with a limbeck luted upon it) into fand, and abflrafl the fulphureous water from it, which will be yellowilb, and fmcll more of liilphur then it did before. :Qj2 This 1 oS: The fccond fart of This water if it be abftrafted from the fait feveral timcs^ will' turn whke^almoft like unto milkjaiid taft nomoreoffiilphur but be pleafant and fweet. It is is very good for the difeafes of the lungs. Alfo it doth guild filverjbeing anoynted therewith although not firmely, and by digeftion it may be ripened and reduced into a better medicine. The fait which remained in thcglafs body^ urge with a firong fire 5 fuch as will make thefand, wherein theglafs ftandeth red hot, and there will fublime a white fait into the limbeck, in taftealnioft like unto fait Armoniack, but in the the midft of the glafs body, you will finde another, which is yellowifh,. of a mineral tafte and very hot upon the tongue. Therefublimed falts, as well the white which did afeend into the limbeck, as the yellow, which remained in the glafs body are good to be ufedin the plague, malignant feavers and other difeafes, where fwcating is required 5 for they doe mightily provoke fweating, they comfort and do clcanfe the ftomach, andcaufe fometimes gentle ftools. But what further may bedonein Phyfick with it, Ido not know yet. In Alchymie it is alfo of life, which doth not belong to this place upon the remaining fait which did not fublimeyoa may pour rain water, and diflblve it there in the glafs body, (if itbe whole fiill) elfeif it be broken, you may takeout the fait dry, and diflblve and filtre and coagulate it againc, and there will be feparated a great deal of fseces. This puri- fied fait, which will look yellowifh, melt in a covered cru- cible, and it will turn quite blood red, and as hot asfireup- on the tongue, which with frefh water you muft diflblve gain, and thcnfilcre and coagulate i by which operation it wullbe made pure and clear, and theToIution is quite green before it be coagulated, and as fiery as the red fait was before its diflblution. This grafs green folution being coagulated again into a red fiery ralt,it may be melted again in a clean and ftrong cru- cible, and it will be much moic red and fiery. N.B. And Fhilofofhical Furnace si N. B. And it is to be admired, that in the melting of it many fiery fparks do flyefrom it, which do not kindle or take fire, as other fparks of coales or wood ufe to do. This well purified red fait being laid in a cold and moift place, will diffolve into a blood redoyle, which in digeftion difJbIvcth gold and Icaveth the filver : this foludon may be coagulated, and kept for ufe in Alchymi^. There may alfo a pretioiis Tinfture be extracted out of it with alcolized fpirit of wine, which Tinfture guildeth fil- ver, but not firmely. And as for ufe in Phyfick, it ought to be kept as a great Treafure. But if the red fiery fait be extrafted with fpirit of wine before gold be difJblved therewith, it will yeild like- wife a fairered Tinaure, but not fo effcaual in Phyfick as that unto which gold is joyned. And this Tindlure can alfo further be ufed in Alchymie, which belongeth not hither, becaufe we onely fpcak of medicaments. Of theufeofthemdicineorFin^ur^madeof the Gunpowder. T His Tinaurc whether with or without gold, made out of the red fait, is one of the chiefeft that I know to make, if you go but rightly to work, and prepare it well : for it purifieth and cleanfeth the blood mightily, and provoketh alfo powerfully fweat and urine ; fo that it may fafely and with great benefit be ufed in the plague, feavers, epilepfie,fcur. vy, in Melancholia Hypochondriaca^ in the gour,ftone, and the fe- veral kinds of them; as alfo in all obftruaions of the fpleen and liver ; and in all difeafes of the lungs, and it is to be admired that of fiich a hurtful thing fitch a good medicine can be prepared. Therefore it would be much better to prepare good medicaments of it, to reftore the poor difeafed to health therewith, thento diftroy with it thofe that are whole and * found. Qj^> I'befHondfdrt of 1 know a Chymift, that Tpent much time and coft to fearcli this poyfonous dragon, thinking to make the univerfal me- dicine or (lone of the ancient Philofophers out of it. Efpeci- ally becaufehefaW^ that fo many ftrange changes of colours appeared, whereof mention is made by the Philofophers when they deferibe their medicine and the preparation thereof The dragons blood, Virgins milke, green and red lionj black blacker then black, white whiter then white, and the like more iiecdlefs here to relate, which eafily may perfwade a credulous man as it hapned alfo unto him.But afterward he found, that this fubje^f in which he put fo much confidence, was leprous and not pure enough, and that it be impolTible to make that tingent ftone of it, for to exalt men and metals, and fo was glad to be contented -with a good particular medi- cine and to commit the reft unto God. And fo much of that poyfonous dragon the gunpowder: /but that there is another and more purer dragon, whereof the Philofophers fo often made mention, I do not deny : for na- ture is mighty rich, & could reveal us many Arcana by Gods permiflion : But becaufe we look only for great honor and riches, and negleft the poor, there is good reafon why fuch things remaine hidden from the wicked and ungodly men. fpirits andfiores of Nitre and Coaks. TF you diftill Nitre (well purified from its fuperfliious (alt) mixed with good coals, the Egyptian Sun bird doth burn away, and out of itdothfweata fingularwater,u(eriilformen and metals. Its burnt afties are like unto calcined Tartar, and for the purging of metals not to be defpifrd. Fhilofofhical Furmes. i ij to ma}^fioreS(tnd[fmts of puts y cryflals or [and^ by adding of coaks and jalt nitre to them* T Ake one part offllnts or fand ^ and three parts ofLindcn coaksi with fix parts of good fait nitre mixed well to- gether^ and caft of it iiij and. the combuftible fiilphnrofthc flints will be kindled by the piercing and vehement fire of the faltnitrcj and maketh a feparationj carrying over with ic part thereofj, which it ttirneth into fpirits and flores^ v/hich inuft be feparated by filtring, The fipirittafleth as if it had been made of fak Tartar and flintSj and is of the fame nature and condition , and the remaining Cafut Mortuum alfo yeild- eth fuch anoyle oiTiquor in all like unto* that^ and there- fore its condition is not deferibed here, hut you may finde it where 1 (hall treat of the fpirit made of fait tartar by adding of flints* ^ To mak^ a [fir it and o)le out of Talckyoith [alt nitre, T Ake one part of Talck made into fine powder, and three parts of Linden-cbales,mixe them with five or fix parts of good fait nitre,caft in of that mixture one fpoonful after another, and there will come over a fpirit and a few flores, which muftbe feparated as hath been taught above concerning flints. ^ The fpirit is not unlike unto the fpirit of fand: the Cafut Mortuum^ which looks grayifh, muft be made red hot or burnt well in a crucible, fo that it melt, and then powre it outjand itwillyeilda white tranfparent Maflajlikeas the flints and cryftals do, which in a cold moift cellar will turn to thick 'liquor, fatter in the handling then the oyle of fand.lt is fome- thinglharpe like unto oyk of Tartar* it cleanfeth the skin, haire and nailes, and makfes them white ^ the fpirit may be ufed inwardly for to provoke fweat and urine : externally ufedi t cleanfeth wounds, and healeth all manner. of fcabs in ' ji i ^fhe jec&ridfart of the body out of hand. Whatfurther maybe done with it, I ■do not know yet: But how to bring Talck, pebles and the likeftony thing$ to that pafs, that they may bedidblved with Spirit of wine and reduced into good medicaments (hall be , ‘taughtin the fourthpart. TTo a [firit^flores, and an oyk out of 7^ in, TFyoumixetwo parts of the filingsof Tin, with onepart j ^of good fait nitre, andcaft it in, as you were taught to do 1 with other things, then the fulphurof Tin will kindlethei fait nitre, and make a flame, as it it were done with common fulphur, whereby a reparation is made, fo that one part of the Tin Cometh over in flores and (pirit, and the reft ftayeth behindc, which if it be taken out, fome of it in a moyft plac« i will turn into a liquor or oyle, which externally may be 'i tiled with good (uccelHn all ulcers for to cleanfe them, ft hath alfo the vertue, if it be pertinently apply ed to graduate and ♦ exalt wonderfully alLthe colours of vegetables and animals, which would be ufeful for dyers. The fpirit of it mightily ; provoketh fweating : the flores being edulcorated and ufedin plafters, do dry and heal very fpeedily. ' To mah^ a ffirit^Jlores arid a liquor ou t of Zinck^ or fpeauter, j T N like manner as hath been taught with the Tin, you may j •^alfo proceed with the Zinck, and it will yeild a good ‘ deal of flores, and alfo a fpirit and oyle, almoftof the fame vertues with thofe made of Tin : and thefe flores correfted with fale nitre, are better then thofe which weretatight to be made by themfelves in the firftpart of the book. WhilofofhkdJ Tmnmu To A fp/ntj florts and o)k Calamimrh* M Ixe two parts of fait nitre with one part of lapia calami- axis and caft it iiij and it will yi^d a fharp fpirit very ufeful for feparating ofnietals:, and there will come overalfo a few yellow flores. The reft remaining behinde is a dark - green Mafs very fiery upon thetongue, like fait of Tartar^and if it be diflblved with raine waterj yeildeth a grafs green folu- tion, which beingnot prefently coagulated into faltjthe green feparateth it felf from the fixed fait nitrcj and there fallcth to tlie bottom a fine red powdecjand if it be edulcorated and dry- cdj and given in from one grain to ten or twelve it caufeth gentlcftools and vomits^ better then prepared Antimony, for idpAf calaminarif and Zinck are of the nature of gold, as in the fourth part fliall be proved : the white /mmw oiTye, from w^hich the green is precipitated^may becoagulated into white faitjlikeunto fait of Tartar^ but if you coagulate the green folution, before the green be feparated from the fait nitrcjthen you will get a very faire green fait, high in colour and much more fiery then fait of Tartar, whereby fpecial things can be done in Alchymy, which doth not belong hither. And if you defire to make fneh a green fait for to ufe it in Alchymie, you need not to take fo much pains, as firfi to diftil a fpirit out of the mixture, but take three or four parts of good i^alt nitre, and mixe it with one part of/dpij calamimris^ and let this mix- ture boy le together inawinde furnace, till the fait nitre be coloured green by the laps calaminaris^ then powre it out and feparate the green goldifh fait from ii> and make fuch good nfeofkasyou thinke fit. But if you will extraft a good Tin fturc and Medicine, make it into powder, and extraft it with fpirit of wine, and itwillyeilda blood rcdTinfture, both in Phyfick und Al- chymie of good ufe. Further you are to take notice, that among all metals and minerals, which 1 know ('except gold and Silver) there is R none IJ4- %he fecond part ef n one found, out of which can be extrafted a greenn-fs whicS. is offire-proofe, butonlyoutof calamiMTis, which d^- ieiveth to be wcU ^.ihdeiTd, and further thought upon.. io mke afyirit if lalt nitn^ fulfkurandcmmnfalK- T Akeonepart offalt, two parts of fulphur, andfourparts oi falt nitrejgrincieall together, andcaftin ont ipoone- ful after another to diftiJI, and it will ycild a lharp yellow fpirit, which if it.b.e put among common water,, fo t^t the water be not made too ftjrp of it, it is a good hath, good formany-difeafes ; .efpecially it healeth all fcabs very ludden- ly. ThcCa/>«t Msitow may. alfobediflblved in waterand ‘ ivfed among batht s, ,and it is good like wife, but the fpirit is * penetrating, arid doth operate fuddenly in (hrinkings and o-’ i ther defers of the nerve?, of fitch kinde 'of , bathes there lhall ' be fpoken more in the third part. Alfo the remaining fixed I yellow fait is good to be ufedin Alchymic : for it gfaduat-' 1 cth fomewhai thefilver by ceraeniing, J T.0 tM\e a ffirit, Jow and tyk out of [ak. nitre md Reeulus. MaxX'u. _ / T Ake one partof Martk fctelUtus (made of one part of Iron or ffcele , and three parts of Antimony' whofe preparation is.defcribed in theiourth part) and thr^ parts of pure fait nitre, mix and grinde aJJ together, and call it in by little and little to diffil), , and there will come over a fpirit together With a white fublimate, which mult be fepa- rated w ith water, as hath been taught above with other flo- res and both the fpirit and and the flores are good ta provoke, fweat. The remaining Caput Mo\tuum (as they ulnally call it) is not dead, but full of life and vertue ^vhereby much good may be. done both im Phyfick and Alchymie,as followeth. The remaining Mafs,. which looks 1 white, and is very lharpe and fiery (if the Keguhs have been j pure, if not, then it ,wiiJ look ydlpwiili) may be edulcora, i ted Thihfofhical sFurnmi. ’i iy -ted with frefh water, and it will ycild a lixivium or lye in all like unto calcined Tar tar,but (harper and purer, and may be ufcdalmoft in all operations iivftead of lalt of Tartar (but .firft the Regulus Antmonii niuft be .precipitated from it by the help of waterj and afterward it may be coagulated into lalt and kept for its ufe ; the edulcorated , as alfo that wbich wa« precipitated with water is a white and fine powder, ufeful in •the plague, feavers, and other difeafes to provoke fweating thereby, and may very faiely beufed, and although if it be given in a greater quant ity then u luaJ, it do caute fome vo- mits aUo, yet for all that it doth no hurt, it is eafily taken becaufc k hath no tafte. Jt is given to children from-3 . 4. to 12. grains: to elder tdlkes from 9(3. to 5(3. they worke fuccefJcfully in all difealcs, where fweating 4s needfiill. This .Antimonium diafboreticumf may-alfo be melted into glafs^ and lb extracted and diflblved with fpirit of fait, and it may be prepared into fcveral good medicaments: and if all that which may be done with it, fhouldbe deferibed at large, it would require too much time. The lixivmm^ if it be coagu- lated, hath wonderfull vertucs, fo that if one fhoiild defcribe them, he would hardly becredked by any body, becaufe it is not made of coftly things ; and truly the life of man is too fliort to fiiide out by experience all that lyes hid in it : and it would be but a laughing matter to a proud foo],ifone fhoiild reveale it : therefore it is better to keep counfel, then to fow ftrife. BafiUm Vakntimiin his Triumph of Antimony, where hewritethof the figned ftar^ hinted it fuffickntly, but very few take notice 6f it. 'Faracelfus alfo, here and there in his ‘books under an unknown name, makes frequent mention of it; but its true preparation and ufe, by reafon of the unthankc- fulwas never deferibed by the Philofophcrs, which for in^ ftrudlon of goodhoneft men we do here mention. Befbte you edulcorate the Kegulus (made by fulmination) you may extraft of it a good medicinal Tindiire with i^irit of wine, and if you dillblve it with fpirit of fait, there' will fhoote a white foliated Talck in all like unto the Mineral Takk: whcrcofa liquor may be made, which colourcththe ^ 2 skin itg 7ht [econd part of skin very whitCj but if this calx of AntimOHy^ before %Br extraftedwith fpiric of wine or difltdved with fphit of Talc be made into fine powder, and expofed to the moift aire, it will difiTolvc intoa fat liquor, which though it be foraething fharpe, yet doth no hurt to the skin, if k be ufed with dif- cretion, but radier cleanfeth it more then any other thing, and fo it doth likewife to the haire and nailesj but as foone as the liquor hath beenapplycd for that purpofe,it nnift be wafh- ed off again with water , left it do not onely take away the grofs and unclean skin, but alfo work upon the tender white skin and do hurt, and therefore I give warning, that yonufe it difcreetly : for according to the old proverbe, you may niifufe even that which elk is good in it felf. If you put Ibnie of it into warm water and bath your felf in it, the grofs tkin will peek off all the body, fo that you will al- moft feem to be another body. And this bath alfb is good for many difeafes : for it openeth the pores mightily, and cleanfeth all the blood in the body, by drawing many ill hu- mors out of it, which maketh a man light and ftrong, e- fpecially if he be purged fii ft,before he ufeth the bath.It is alfo good for Melancholy , feurvy and leprofie, efpecially when^ the red Tinfture drawn out of it with fpirit of wine, be ufed befides. It is alfo good to be ufed in a foot bath for thole that are troubled with corns and other excrefeencies upon their feet, or with nailes that cut the flefh 5 for it fofteneth, them and makes them fit for cutting, and as traftable as wax. For there is nothing known under the Sun, which foftneth more a hard skin, haire, nailes and other excrefeencies , then this oyle. And this I did fet down therefore, becaufc I know, that many are fo tormented therewith, that they cannot well* endure their fhoesupon their feet. But if you coagulate this oyle into fait, and melt it in a crucible, and powre it out in- to a flat brafs bafon, that it flow at large and may be broken, then you have the beft Caufticuni, to open the skin withal where is need. If you diftblve crude Tartar with it and co- agulate it again, you will get a fait which is ufeful in many' Qbymical operations 5 andthcrcmay be extrafted out of it ablood^ philofofhicAl Fur^dcesl t if a blood red Tinfture with fpiric of wine, which proveth very effectual againft all obftruftions. AUo evtry conibuftiblc fulphur can be eafily diflblved with it, andnfed among bathes, it afteth his part admirably^ If any oylc of fpiees be boy led therewith, then the oylc will diflblve in it, and they turn together to a balfome, which doth mingle it felf with water, and is good to be taken in- wardly for forae infirmities : bat women with childe muft pot meddle with it, becaufe it makes them mifearry. But af- ter their delivery. It is good to expel after burthen and other reliques. But if you boyle KM/i with this liquor and rofe water fb long till the oyle do incorporate with the liquoi^and waters and then feparate the wateryfubftance from it, you will get a fbpe as white as fnow, which may. be ufrd for to wafli the hands with it, and it doth fmel very wel. You may alio waffi the head with it ; for it ftrengthneth the braine and clean frth the head and liaire. This fope may be diftilkd^. and it will yeild a penetrating ©yle, very goodfor the linews and nerves. Now as this liquor of Regulus Antimmii foftneth the skin, nailes, haire, feathers, horns^, and the like, and diflblvetb them more then any thing in the world ; In the like manner alfb it hath power to difiblve not only metals, but alfothc hardeft ftones, but not in that manner which is done by boy-» ling, and was mentioned by the fulphur, bat after anothci*v^ way, which is not proper for this place. Itfufficeth that I hinted it. The fiery foced (alt nitre can be diflblved with fpi- rit of fait or vinegar, and fubliiped into a ierrafoliata. What further can be effeded with it, doth not belong to this place,, and, perchance fome where elfc more (hall be fpoken ofit. ^^htfecortid (drt 4f dijatButyrum (rut of AnVmmyy Salt and irftrhl, lt%y unte'fhaty %iuh is made QUt of Antimony and Mercury fublmaU* •T^Afceotie part of crude Antimony, two parts of common Jl fait, and four parts of vitriol calcined white, beat all to powder and mix them wel3and fo caftit in as you were taught to do wkli other materials, and there will come over a thick oyleof Antimony like butter, which may be redlified like any other oylc, that is made after the common way with Mercury fublimate, and is alfo the fame with it in ufe^ which ufe you may fee in the firft part : the fame alfo can be made better and in a greater quantity in the furnace deferibed in the firft part, and alio with leis coals and time by the help of the open fire, Jbccauie it endureth greater heatthen in the fceond furnace. difiilButymm pf Arfenkk^and Orfimeiit. A 'Fterthe fame manner as was taught with Antimony, there may alfo out of Arfenick and Auripigment toge- ther with fait and vitriol a thick oyle be diftilled, which not only outwardly but alfo inwardly is fafe to be uied, and may be fo correfted^ that it (hall be^nothing at all inferior in ver- jtiie unto tht butyrum ^/it/womi,but rather go beyond it : which perchance will feem impoffible to many. But he that knows the nature and condition of minerals, will not be aftoniihed at niy words, but they will be to him as alight in a darfcc nj»> ^omak^ a rare [firit af vitriol TF commoa vitriol be diflblved in water, and you boyfc* ■** granulated Zinck in it, all the metal and liilphur contain*' ed in the vitriol will precipitate on the Zinck, and the Tolu- tion will turn white, the precipitated matter is nothing clfe, but iron, copper, & fulphur, which theialt of vitriol did con-^ taine,and now is drawn from it by the Zinck. The rcafon why the metal pi ecipitateth out of the fait upon the Zinck, belong** cth to the fourth part, where you will findc it fufficiently ex* plained,; The white folution, from which the metallical: matter is feparated, mufl: be coagulated to the drynefs of fait, and fo by it felfa fpirit diftilled of it, which rileth eafily, and • is in taftc and vertue not unlike unto common oyle of vi* trioU l>ut only that. this is a little purer then the com-* mon. Here perchance many may objeft : you take the green from the vitriol, which Ptfwe/fiij doth not teach, but bids us to^ keep it. To which I anfwer, that I do not teach here to make the fweet red oyle of vitriol, whereof Furacdfus hath written, - but the white acid oyle; which is as good, or rather much better then the common, which is> made of the common im** pure vitriol. To what purpofe is it that you take green vi- triol to diftil, whereas the green doth not come over, and al* * though that green fhould come over, why fliould that oyle b^ * better then the white > for the green in the common vitriol is nothin g cl fe but copper and ironjwhich the fait water running > through thepaflages of Metalsf did diflblve and take intok ’ TelF, andasfoonasfuch a green vitriol fcckththe fire, the,, preen turncth into red; which is nothing elfe buta calcined - iron or copper, which in the reducing [by a ftrong fire and i by melting is mademanifeft. Paracellus hath not taught u?, that we fhould drive over the' i^eenbythe force of the fire into a red and fweet oyle, but * W hath flawed us aa other, wayy^Uck is found out by few men* The jecom part ef men, whereof in the beginning of thefccond part already hath been made mention. This fpirit or acid oyle diftillcd out of the purified vitriol ig of a pleafant fowrenefs, and fcrveth for all thofc ufes, which above' by the vitriol were defcribcd. And thisprocefsis fet down onely for that end, that we may fee, that when the vitriol is purified, that then it is ealier diftillcd, and yeildeth a more pleafant fpirit, then if it be yet crude and impure. And that fuch a purifying of the vitriol I# nothing elfe but a precipkating of themetal, which the watcr(as before faid} running through the veines thereof hath aflumed, is thus to be proved ; diffolve any metal in its appropriate Menftruum, whether it be done with diftilled acid fpirits or fharpe falts , adding common water to them, or elfe dry by the fire in a cru- cible, according as you pleafe, and then put into that folu- tion another metal, fuch as the diflolvent doth fooner feize on, then upon that which it hath affumed and then you will findcjthat the diflolvent doth let fall the aflumed metal or mi* ueral, and fak upon the other, which it doth fooner feifc on, and diflblveth k as being more friendly to it; Of which pre- cipitation in the fourth part fliall be fpoken more at large. This one thing more is worthy your obfervation, that among all metals there is none more foluble then Zinck, and therefore that all the other (as well in the dry as in the wet way ) may be precipitated thereby and reduced into light calxes, in fo much that the calx of gold or filver precipitated in this manner (if fo be you proceed well) retaineth its fplen- dor or glofs, and is like a fine powder wherewith you can write out of a pen. To maj^ajubtk fpirit and fkafant 4>)Ie of Zm\, B Ecaufe I made mention here of Zinck, I thought good not to omit, that there may be made a penetrating fpirit and wholefbme oyle out of it by the help of vinegar, which is thus to be done. Take of the fiores (which were taught to be philofofhical Furnaces ^ n { be made in the firft part) one part, put them intoa glaft (fit fordigeftion) and poure upon them 8. orio, parts of good fliarp vinegar made of honeys orin want thereof take wine vinegar, and ftt the glafs with the flores and vinegar in a warm place to diffblve, and the folution being performed, powrc off the deer, which will look yellow, and after you have filtred it abftra^: the phlegme, and there willre- niaine a red liquor orbalfome, to which you muft add pure fand, fuch as is well burnt, anddiflill it, and firii there will come overan unlavory phlegme, afterward a fubtle Ipiritjand at laft a yellow and red oyl which are to be kept bythemfelves feparatedfrom the fpirit as a treafure for to heale all wounds very fpeedily. The fpirit is not inferior unto the oyle, not onely for inward ufeto provoke fweat thereby, but alfoex- tcrnally for the quenching of all inflammations, and doubt* Icfs this fpirit and oyle is good for more difeafes, but becaiile its further ufe is not known to me yet, I will not write ofit^ i>ut leave the further trialLto others* ITo diftil A [pit it And oyle out of lead, I N the lame manner as was taught of the Zinck, there m^ be out of lead alfo diftilled a fubtle fpirit and a fweec oyle, and it is done thus : Pourc ftrong vinegar upon Minium^or any other calx of lead, which is made per /e,and not with fulphur, let it digefl and diflblve in fand or warm afhes, fo long till the vinegar be coloured yellow by lead, and turned quite fweet* Then poure off the clear folution, and poure on other vine- gar, and let this like wife diflblve 5 and this repeat fo often, tillthevincgar will diflblve no more, nor grow fweet, then take all theft folutions, and evaporate all the moyfturc, and there will remaine a thick fweet yellow liquor, like unto ho- ney, if the vinegar was not diftilled, but if it was diftilled and made clear, then no liquor remaineth, but onely a white fweet fait. This liquor or fak may be diftilled after the fame cianney as was taught with the Zinck, and there will come ^ver notonly aptnetrating fubtle fpirit, but alfo a yellow S oyle The [econd f art of oyile, which will not be much j but very effcftual , in all the. the lame ufes^ as of the fgirit and, oyle of the Zinck was taught, N. B. This is to be obferved, that for to make this fpirie and oyle, you need no diftilkd fpirie, but that it may be done as well with undiftilled vinega!> and the uiidiftiiled ycilds more fpirii then the diftilled. But ifyou look for a white and deer falt^ then the vinegar niufl be diftilled, elfeit doth not fiiooteinto cryftak, but remaineth a yellow liqjuor like onto honey, and it isalfo needle fs to make the folution in glafles, and by digeftion. Gontinued for a long time, but it may as well be done in a glafed pot,T)i^. powring the vinegar upon the Mi- nium in the pot, and boyling it on a coalefirc 5 for you need, not fear that any thing of the vinegar will evaporate, in re- gard that the lead keeps all thefpirits, and lets onclygo an unfavory phlegme. You muft alfo continually ftir the lead about with a wooden fpatula, elfe it would turn to a hard ftonc, and w’^oiild not diflblve : the fame muft be done alfo when. the folution is done in glaffes; and the folution after this way may be done in three or four houres ,\and whe n bothi kindeoffolutionsare done, there will be no difference be- twixt them, and I think it providently done not to fpend a whole day about that which may be done in an houre. And if you will have this^fpirit and oyle better and more effeffual, you may mix 5 i. of crude Tartar made into pow^ der with lb j. of diffolved.and purified lead, andfo diftill it after the fame manner as you doxliftill it by it felf, and you will get a much fubderfpiritaud a better oylc then if it. were made alone by it felf.. Te di^iUa [ubtile[}^irit drjdo)U out $f crude Jartau. M Any think itto be but a fmal matter to make the fpirit of Tartar, for th>y fuppofc, that if they do but oncly put Tartar into a rewru^ ^PP^y ^ tfceivcr, and by a ftrong fire force over a wa^r,^^|^iiave obtained their defire : and they do roc obferve, tbif in fteed of. a pleafaot fubtk fpirit, V ThildfofhiCAt Fumdcesl 12 ^ tfecy get but a ftinking vinegar or phlegme ; the pleafan^pi- lit being gone. Which fome careful operators perceivinga they caufed gi'cat receivers to. be mades fuppofing by that means to get the fpirit. Now when they after the diftillation was done, weighed their fpirits together with th« remainder, they found, that they had fuffered great lofs, wherefore they fiippofed it to be an inipoffible thing, to get all the fpirits, and to iofe none, and indeed it Is hardly poffible to be done otherwife by a retort : for although you apply a great receiver to a fnial retort, and that there be alfo but a little Tartar in it, and the joy nts being wel luted, fo that nothing can pafsthrough,and though you make alfo the fire never fo gentle, hoping to get the fpirit by that way, yet for all that you cannot avoyd danger and lofs. For at laft the retort be- e inning to be red hoc, and the black oyle going, then and ut then the lubtleft fpirits will come forth, which either fteale through the joynts, or tlfc do break the retort or re- ceiver, bccaufe they come in abundance and with great force, and do not fettle eafily ; wherefore I will fet down my way of making this moft profitable , and excellent 7h€ prefaration andtbeii[e cf tbeffiritof "turtau T Ake good and pure crude Tartar, whether it be red or white, it matters not,make it into fine powder, and when tbediftillingveffel isredhot, then caft in with a ladle half an ounce and no more at once, and fo foon as the fpirits are gon« forth and fetlted, caft in another | jj. and this continue, till you have fpirit enough,then takeout the remaindcr,which will look black, and calcine it wel in a crucible, and put it in a glafs retort, and poure the fpirit that came over together - with the black oyle upon it, drive it in fand at firft gently, and the fubtleft fpirits will come over, and after them the phlegme, at laft a fbwrc vinegar together wi^ thejoyle, whereof you muft get each bylt felf. But if you d^ure to have the fubtlc fpi- rit which camc over firft, more penetrating yet, then you muft S 2 uke 124 The feaond part ef take the Cafut Mortuum that flayed in the retort, and make it red hot in a crucible jand abflraft the fpirit once more from it, and the calcined Tartar will keep the remaining moyftnefs or phlegm#, andonely the fiibtleft Ipirit will come over, which is of a moft penetrating quality, whereof from half a dram to^ an ounce taken In wine or any other liquor provoketh a quick:; and ftrong fwcat, and it is a powerful medicine in all obftru- ftions, and moft approved and often tryed in the plague, ma- lignant feavers, feurvy, Melanchclia Hyfochondriaca , colick,, contrafture, epilepfie and the like difeafes. And notonely thefc mentioned diieafes, but alfo many others more, which proceed from corrupt blood under God may lucceflefully be cured with it». Thephlegmcistobecaft away, as unprofitable : the vine- gar cleanfeth wounds : theoyle allaycth fwclling and pains, and doth cure fcabs/and difperfeth knobs that are rifen upon the skin, as alfo other excrefcencies of the fame, ifitbeufed timely jand the u(e thereof be continued# N. B. If the black ftinkingoyle be reftified from the cal-- cincd Caput M?rr«i/w, .it will be clear and fubtle, and it will not only aflwage very fpeedily all pains of thegoute, but al- fo diflbive and expel the conglobated gravel in the reincs, ap- plyed as a plafter or unguent. In like manner it will diflbive andextraftthc coagulated Tartar in the hands, knees and feet,fo that the place affefted will be freed and made whole thereby : becaufc in fuch a defpicableoyle there lyes hid a volatile fait which is of great vertiie. But if you defire expe- rimentally to know whether itbefo, then poure upon this black ftincking oyle an acid fpirit, as the fpirit of common fait, or of vitriol or fait Tkit re, or only difli lied vinegar,and the oyle will grow warm and make a noyfe and ri(e, as if t jiqua fort is had been powred upon fak-of Tartar, and the acid fpirit will be mortified thereby, andtume to fait. Add this well purified oy le doth diflbive and extract the Tartar out of the joynts (tinlefs it be grown to a hard tony fubflailce} evert- 8S fopefcowres the unclcaBnefsou4:ofdoth«,or to compare Ic fcinter, even as iikercccivcth its like, and is eafily mixed with. ir. JPhilofofhkal Furmes". 12 j and doth love it 5 but on the contrary 5 nothing nvill mixe it felfwith that wherewith it hath no affinity at all. As if you would take pitch out of cloth by waftiing it with wa* cer, whichnever willbe doneby reafonof the contrary na- ture 5 for common water hath no affinity with pitch or other fat things, nor will it ever be taken out therewith without a mediator, paitaking of both natures, of the nature of pitch and that of the water, and (uch are fulphureous faltSjancl nitrous falts, whether they be fixed or volatile. As you may fee at the foape-boylers, who incorporate common water by the help of fulphureous falts with fat things, as tallow and oyle. But-if you take warm oyle or any thin fatfubftance^ and put it upon the pitch or rozin, then the oyle eafily accep- tethof andlayes hold on its like, and fo the pitch is di^lv- ed and got out of the cloth, and the remaining fatnefs of the oyle may be fetcht out of the cloth with lye or fope and com- mon ’water, and fo the cloth recovereth its former beauty and purenefs.. And as it falleth out with the fulphureous things, fo it deth likewife with the Mercurial. For example^ if you would take the fait out of powdred fleffi or pickled fiffi with lixivium it would not fuccecd, bccaufcthat the ni- trous and acid falts arc of contrary natures. But if upon the powdred fleffi or pickled fiffi you poure on water wherein fomcof the fame fait (wherewithal! the fleffi was powdered) is diflblved, that fait water will extraft the fait out of theflefh,as being its like, much more then common- fweet water, wherein there is no fait. In this manner the hardeft things alfo, as ftones and metals^ mayiDe joyned or united with water, whereof more in my o- thcr books arc extant 5 it is needlefs here therefore to relate. I gavea hintof it,onely for toffiew, that al way cs like with like muft be extrafted. True it is that one Contrarlum can niorti- fie another, and take the corrofiveneft from it, whereby the = paynes fora timeai’eaflwaged, but whether the caufe of the diffiafe it fclf be eradicated thereby is a qiieftion. Here may be objefted, that I made a difference between thc- fiilphureom and Mercurial falts, whereas neither Mercury S 5 nor irhefecondfsrtif •nor 'fillplfflr apparently is to be ften in either. I^tis trucj he that dothnot underftand nor know the nature of lalts, is not able to apprehend it. And I have not timenowto demon- •ftrate it, bat the fame is (hewed at large m my book de mura falim, that fome of them are fulphureous , and forae Mercurial : but he that looks for a further direfti- on yet, let hinj read my book deSyrnfathia & /tmipatbia re- rum., wherein he (hall finde k demonftrated that from the Creation of the World to the time prefen t, there were alwayes two contrary natures fighting one againfl the other, which fight win continue fo long till the Mediator betwixt God and Man, thfeLordJefusChrift (hall put an end unto thisftrife, when he (hall come to feparatc the good fronuhe bad, by whole lightning and fire flame the proud andhurtrul uiperflu- ousfulphur (hall be kindled and confumedi the pureMercu- - rial being left in the center. Hew temaif fretious fftrits attdojlenia ef tartar jtjmedwilh [me minerals and metals, T Ake any metal or mineral, dilTolveit in a fit menflmum, mix with it a due proportion of crude T artar,fo that the crude Tartar being made into powder together with the fo- iution make up a pap as it were? then at once caftinone fpoonful of it, and diftil it into a fpirit and oyle, which alter thediftillationmuilbefeparatedby reftification, for to keep each by it felf for its proper ufe. theufeofthemetallized fpirii and tyli cf Tartar. •THis fpirit of a Tartariied metal is of fuch a condiiion,that it readily performeth its operation according to the ftrength of the fpirit, and the nature of the metal or mineral, whereof it is nude. For the fpirit and oyle of gold and Tar- tar is good for to corroborate the heart, and to keep out its enemies ; the fpirit of filler and Tartar doth ferve for the brainet that of Mercury and Tartar, for the liver: of lead ^ ^nrl Fhihfofhkal Fui^rueeil x a 7 and tin for the fplccn and lungs ; of iron and copper for the reins and fcminary veflcls : that of Antimony and Tartar fop all accidents and infirn>itie^ of the whole body; and theft me* tallical fpirits made with T^tar^ provoke fweat exceedingly whereby many malignities arC^xpelled out of the body Like^- wil^alfo the oyle hath its operation, though this of ftveral metals, as of Mercury and copper, is not well to be ufed in- wardly, becauft it cauftth falivations and ftrong vomits. But externally they are very good for to clean fe all putridc ulcers, and to lay a good and firme ground for healing them. The renwinder, whereof the fplrit and oyleis diftilled,you may takeout, and reduce it in a crucible into a •netal, fo that what is not come over, may not be loft, but made to ^ ftrve againe. And as you were taught to diftill fpirits ancf oyles out of diffblved metals and crude Tartar, fo you may get themlike- wiftoutof common vitriol and Tartar,!//^, thus, take one part of Tartar made into powder, two parts of good pure vitriol,; mixe them well together, and diftill a fpirit of them, . which though it be unpleaftnt to' take, for all' that in all whatfoever obftru^ions and corruption of blood it is not to • bedelpifed, but very fucccflefully performeth ics operation efpecially when itis reftified from its Mortuumy and ft- freed from its phlcgme ;-and its beft vertue, which conliftcth* in the volatility,be not loft in the diftilling* N. B. But if you will have this fpirk more efFeftual,, then you may Joyn Tartar and vitriol by boyJing them together in common water, and cryftallmng y and then caft U in, and' diftill it, and there will come over, a much purer and more penetrating fpirit; becauft that in the fblution and coagula-^ tion ofboth many faeces werefepara^d ; but if to one part of vitriol you take two parts of Tartar, anddiflblveit together and fo filtre and coagulate it,^en the Tartar with the vitriol will fhoote no more, but there reniaineth a thick liquor like unto honey, out of which with fpirit of wine there may be extraftedagood tiaftore againft ubftruftions* This liquor takeii'. iaS The fecond fart Bf taken from 9 i. to 51, doth purge very gently, and fometitnct it caufeth a vomit, efpccially if the vitriol was not pure and goodrand it may alfo be diftilled into a fpirit not inferior un- to the former in vertue. Befides the way above taught, there is yet ffor to diftill a metallized ipirit of Tartar) another way, whereby feveral metals and minerals may be reduced in- to much pleafant fpirits and oyles, and of more vertue^and k is done in this manner, Takeof the Tartar of white Rhenilh wine made into pow- der, powre upon it fweet raincor rnnning water, fo that to ftj. of Tartar there come Ifex. or ffexij. of water , orfo much that the Tartar may be diflblved by it in the boyling, and then boy le the mixture with the water in a tinned kettle, or which is bettcr,m a glafcd pot, until it be quite diffolved, and in the mean while take off the skum (with a woodden skimmer) ftill as it rifeth in the boyling : and when no more skumriieth, and all the Tartar is diflblved, then powrethe folution thus hot through a linen cloth, tycd ftraight on an <«arth glafcd veffel, that the remaining flymignefs may bs ft- parated. The Tartar water being ftrained, let it iftand for 24. or 30. houres without ftirri^ , and there will flick a cryftallifed Tartar to the fidcs oftheveflci, which after the water is powred off may be taken out, and wafhed with cold water, and then dryed. This purified Tartar keep, untill I Ihall tcach'you, what further is to be done with it; and this T artar is pure enough for the above faid purpofe, ^iz. to re- duce metals into oyle with it, as fliall follow anonc. It is alfo good taken of it felf for an abflerfive to make the body (blu- ble. But if you defire to have it yet whiter and fairer and in great cryftals, you muft proceed thus. You muft know this that all ialts, if they (ball (hooteinto ^ great cryftals, there muft be a great quantity of them, for of little there comes but little. And if you will make great and faire white cryftals of Tartar, which will be not better then the former, but only pleafant to ^the eye , then you muft proceed in this manner. Take of white Tartar made into powder about ten Of thilopfhical Furnaces. tip crthirty fc. powrefo much water upon it, as is needful for todiflblveit, andboyle it by a ftrong tire in a tinned kettic Entill all the Tartar be diliblved, which you may know by ftirring in it witha woodden ladle, and skim off diligently all the filth rifing on the water 5 and you muft take heed,thac you take neither too much nor too little water to itj for if you take too little, part of the Tartar will remaine Undif- Iblved, and fo will be call: awayandlofiamongtheflime: but if you take too much of it, then the Tartar istoon^uch difperfed in the water, and cannot ihoote well , and fo will likcwilc be lolT being call away afterwards with thewa er* Fori heard many a one complain, that they could get but little of a pound, and theretore fuppo fed the Tartar to have been nought, whereas the fault was not in the Tartar but in the workmanjthat managed iiot wel his w jrk,powring away one half v/hich did not Ihoote with the water : but if you proceed well, then four pound of C'mimon Tartar will yeiM ifeii), of pure white Cryftals. The. folution being well m«d2, and one, and no ski:n more riling at the top, cover the keltic, and let it coole without removing from the w^arnie place itftsiidsin, which will be done within three or four dayts, ii he kettle be bigg. But the fire muft be taken away from under the kettle, and fo let it ftand for the time menti- oned. In the mean while the Tartar will cry ftallife to the lides of the kettle, which cryftais after the time is expired and the water powred oft, are to be taken out and walked and boyied again with frtlh water, and fo skimmed and cryftaliiledj and this proceeding muft be ftill reiterated, untill (which is done the third or fourth time ) the cryftais are white (enough : then takethem out, dry and keep them forufe 5 whereof from 5 j. to^j. made into powder, and taken in wine, beer,warme broth or other liquor, will give fome gentle ftooles, and fer- veth'for thofe, which cannot endure ftrong phylick. This ' Tartar may be lharpened with Diagridium or any other pur- ging drug, that fo you need not take it in fo gnrat a quantity at once butaleflerdoftmayferveiurn. But if you do not look for great cryftais, but only for T arta^ well purifiedjthen y ou ^ • . T may may ufe this following manual, and-you will getexceedme ftire and gliftering little cry ftals, which need no beating inta powder, but by the working come to be fo pure and fihe. afr if they had beeaground, lipoma ftone, and looking not like adeadpowder,but having a glofs, like unto fmall gliftering. Inow that fell in very cold weather, andjt is donethus ; whem the cry frals are come to be pure enough by oftcn^di^rolvin^ andcoagulating, then dillblve them once again in pure water and pourthefolutionintoa clfeanveirelof wood, copper earth being glafed; and let it not ftandflill /a^abow mught with the cryftals) but as foon as it is powrcd in, with a clean, wooden ftkk ftirr about continually without cealing till all be cold, which will be done in half an houre. In this ftirl ring the Tartar hath no time to ffioote into cryftals, butdbtH, coagulate into the fnialleft gliftering powder, pleafant tobe- hold, andhkeuntofrozinfnowfettJethtothc bottom ofthc yellel j then poure off the water, and dry the powder, and keep it for ule. The waters which you pow, red off, in r^ard' that they containe yet fome Tartar, ought not to be caft away (as othersdo) but evaporated, andthe Tartar contain- ed in will be faved, and fo nothing will be loft, and in. this ffianner not onely white Tartar may be reduced into, cleat cry ftals^butalfo the red being feverahimits dillblyed and cryftalliftd , loleth its rednefs, and turneth white and" cleer. Befides the above faid there is another way to reduce the Tartar into great white cryftals atonceby prccipkati-. on ; hut thele being good enough for ourpurpofe,!//* to make good medicines out ofraetals, 1 holditneedleffcto lofc more ume by the relation of it,and fo I wilfacquiefce.. Ike other wy Xo wak^ etmetaSifedfpirit offoftar, «r Ake of purified Tartar diffolved and coagulated^ but M onceas much as.you pleafc, pourc fo much mine or other fweet watwto it as Will lerve to dilTolveit; in which folud- QO, you muftboyle the plate of metals, HDty the Tartar have diflblvci^ kom the heart by Iweating, but allb by breaking or allaying the intolerable heat, fo that a happy cure doth follow upon it ; but. externally the iiqu3r of lead miy beufed fiiccesfuliy in all inflamm.-tions, and it hcaleth very (uddcniy not only frefh wounds, but alfo old ulcers turned to hftulacs j for the Tartar cleanfech and lead confolidates. The liquor oftinh better for inward ufe then for outward whofc operation is not fo fully known- yet, as that oflcad". But ifyou will diftill aTpirit thereof, tfien caft itin tvith a* ladleby little and little, as above in other dillillations often- times was mentioned, and there will come ov and do him fo much the more good. Butextcrnallyihis liquor is of the fame ufe with that of ironorftecl, yea prove th more cfFeftual and (peedicr in heal- ing. It would be good that Surgeons knew howto prepare ir, and would ufe it inftead of their falves, where with man y frcfli wounds are fpoylcd and turned into horrid ulcers, cf* pecially it requiring fo little coft and paincs to make it. And if you would have thefe liquors purer yet, you muftpourc on fpirit of wine, and extraft them^ and they will eaCly.yeild their Tinffure, and leave many faeces behinde whicii are good for nothing : but the Tinffure will be fo much the better, purer and more cfFeftual, fo that you need but one to four o^ five drops for purging, whereas of thegrofs liquor you muft have from 4,. 6.8. to 1 2* or 1 6. drops and this extra&cd Tin^ ^ure worketh alfo much better externally and keepeth longer then the balfame or liquor, which in time is corrupted, But theextradfion is never fpoyled. But if you will diftil the li- quor or balfame, itis needlefs that itbeextrafted firft, but may be diftilled fo as the boyling made k,after the fame maa- ner, as above was taught for Lead, and tkere will come over a yellow fpirit and oyle from iron or ftccl, and from copper a grcenifti (pirit and oyle. Thefpiritandoyleof iron may fafely bciifed in the plaguc> feaversj obftruftions, and corruption of blood, from 5 i. to f i. It is much better to provoke fweat, then that which is made of crude Tartar, without addition of a metal : the like doth that alfo which is made of copper and more effe^ually yet and fometimescaufeth a vomit , if it be ufed in a greater quantity, then is fkting. N. Bt Although the Chymifls do perfer copper before iron as a more firmeand ripe metal, ncverthelefs it is found by ex- perience, thatironorfleelbyreafoii of its rweetnefs is better to be uftd for an inward medicine then copper. But for exter- nal ufc copper ('if it he well p;'ep^rcd)hath the preheminence, heingr being an appropriate medicine for all ulcers and open fores, in all the parts of the body, if the fame inwardly be kept clean befides by fitting purges. ’For notonly thenow de.. feribed medicine, but alfo many more befides, afc taught to be made out of copper in other places of my books. A Coiintry-phyfick and purge I will teach for thofe, which cither live far from Apothecary-fliops, or have no money to (pare for phyfick, anditis to be made out of iron and copper, whereby they may cleanfc their flymie ftomachs,fpoyIed by a diforderly dyct, whence headaches, wormes, agues and other difeafesare occafioned, warning withal thofe that are either too old or too young, or elfe decayed and weak, and fo not .firong enough for fuch powerful phyfick, that they will for- bear to ufe it, left befidts the wormes they kill and expel life it felf alfo ; but thole that are of a ftrong conftitution, and a inidle age, and of a found heart, may fafely ufe this purge, whereby ftomach-agues, belly-worms, and many other oc- cult difeafes may be cured with good fuccefs. The preparation is done thus : Take ^ of pure Tartar made into powder, and 5(5. or 5). of fugar or honey, and or ef fpring or rainc water, put all into a clean copper vcflcl which is not greafie andboyle it upon a coal fire as long or fomewhat longer then you ule to boyle an c$^g, or at the fur, theft halfa quarter of an hour; takeoff the skumin boyling, letitftand till it be milk warm, fo chat it may bedrunkc. This potion tailing almoft like warmc wine Iweetned with fugar, - give unto the patient to drink , and let him fall upon it, and within half an hour it wi’ bt gUi to work upwards and down- wards : wher.eat you nc ly-guefswhatthe fpirit of Tartar ivell reftified and imptieg*^ : nated wkhthevertiiesof gold may efFeft, and thcreiorc necdlefsto make any further mention of it, but it (hall be left: £Q the tryal thereof^ Thihfo^hicd Furnaced :ZS9 %o,m;. of the flores of An- timony with Tartar make a good quantity, and after the eva- poration of the water diftilJ a fpirit of it, and there will al- focome over a black oyle, w hich muft b? feparated from the fpirit,andrcaifiedfer Je 5 and externally appiyed itwill not onely do the fame wonderful operations, which above have bcenaferibedtothe fimpic oyje of Tartar, but it gocth alfo far beyond it, for rhe heft efienceof Antimony hath ioyned it frifthereuntoin thcdiftilling,. and fotfoubkd the venue of the oyle of TJartar 5 ^ and this oy Ic may with credit be ufed not onely for all podagrical tumors to allay them very readily but alfo by reafon of itsdrynefs it doth confume all-other tumors in the whole body, whether they be caufed by windc or wa- ter : for the volatile fait by reafon of its fubtlety conveigheth ihs mtucof Aatimony into the innermofl parts of the body iq Philcfephical Furmes'. *1 a marvellous aiuj incredible way, whereby much good can be performed in Chyrurgerie. As for the fpiric, you may not onely life it very fuccesfidly, in the plague, pox,fcurvy, Melinebdia HypachondTiaca, -ftayers pd other obftruftions and corruptions of blood ; butalfo if you put fomeof it into new wine dr beer* and let it work with it, the wine or beer comes to be fo vertuous thereby, that ifit be daily ufed, itdoth flay and keep off all difeafes pro- •ceeding from fuperfluous humors and corrupted blood, Co that neither plague, feurvy, Melancholia hypochmdriatit, orany other difeafe of that kinde can take route in thole that daily ufe it, wherein no metal or mineral (except gold) can be pa- 'Calleld with it but in cafeyou have no conveniency for to make that fpirit, and yet you would willingly have fuefa'a medicinal drink made of Antimony , then take ^t of the folution made with Tartar, before it be diftilled, and put ft i. or ftij^v of it into 18. or 201 gallons of new wine or- heer, and let it work together, and' the vert ue of the Anti- mony by the feimentation of the wine will grow the more volatile and efficacious to work. And if .you cannot have new wine (in regard that it doth not groW'every'WhereV you> tnay make an artificial wine of honey, lugar, pearesyfigSjCher- fies or the like fruit, as in thefolldwing third part lhall bc' taught, which may Hand in Head of natural wine. Thefe medicinal wines ferve for a fure and fafe prefervati vei not only to prevent many difeafes.butalfo if they havepoffef- fed the body already, effeaually tooppofe and expel them, Alfo all externall open fores (which by daubing andplafte- rlng could not be remedied J by daily drinking thereof may be perfeftly cured. For not only Bafiliuf Valentinus and Ihc ^hraftus Paracelfus, but many more before and after them knew it very well,, and have written many good things of it, which few did entertain, and (becauletbtir defeription was lbmc- what dark>moft defpifed and diffamed them, for un- truthsi I^n like manner _and much more may this ray writing be li^tly eiteemed 0 ^ bccaule I do not fet down long and collly 3 j pra*. T he fecdnd part of .prqcefles, but only according to truth and in fimplicity do labour to fcrve my neighbour, ^whichdoth not found well tji thq^rs of the proud WQrddj which rather do tickle and load th^inlelves with vaine and unprofitable procefles^thcn hearken unto the truth ; and it is no wondery that God fuffereth fuch men, which only look after high things, and defpife fmall things to be held in error. Why do we look to get our Medicines by troubling our ^^raines, and by fubcle and tedious works, whereas God through the Ample nature doth teach us otherwife. Were it 4iot better to let fimplejwtureinftruft us ? furely if We would be in love with Imall things, we fliould finde great ones. But Jbeeaule all men