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THE 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH 
 
 OF 
 
 HereforD: 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BY 
 
 A SERIES OF ENGRAVINGS 
 
 OF 
 
 VIEWS, ELEVATIONS, AND PLANS OF THAT EDIFICE. 
 
 WITH 
 
 •Biographical ®nccfcotc-3 of CFnuncnt persons conncctcli fo(tl) tj)c CFgtabUgjjnunt. 
 
 BY JOHN BRITTON, F.S.A. 
 
 AND MEMBER OF SEVERAL OTHER ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LITERARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 IF. H ■ Bartlett, i/c/. MONUMENTAL NICHES IN S. A1LE OF CHOIR. 5. Williams, sc. 
 
 SonDon: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, AND GREEN, PATERNOSTER ROM ; THE AUTHOR, 
 BURTON STREET ; AND JOSEPH TAYLOR, 59, HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
 1831 . 
 
C. WHITTING HAM , CHISWICK. 
 
TO 
 
 THE HONOURABLE AND VERY REVEREND 
 
 EDWARD GREY, D. D. Dean of Hereford, 
 
 AND TO 
 
 THE REV. HUGH HANMER MORGAN, B. D. Chancellor and Canon Residentiary, 
 THE REV. THOMAS HUNTINGFORD, M. A. Precentor and Canon Residentiary, 
 THE REV. RICHARD WALOND, M. A., Treasurer, 
 
 THE VENERABLE .1. .1. CORBETT, M. A., Archdeacon of Salop, 
 
 THE VENERABLE HENRY WETHERELL, B. D., Archdeacon of Hereford, 
 
 AND 
 
 THE REV. THOMAS RUSSELL, M. A., THE REV. THOMAS UNDERWOOD, M. A., 
 
 THE REV. JOHN CLUTTON, D. D., AND THE REV. HENRY C. HOBART, M. A., 
 
 Canons Residentiary, 
 
 YToluiHC 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE CATHEDRAL OVER WHICH THEY PRESIDE, 
 
 IS, WITH PERMISSION, RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY 
 
 Feb. 1831. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 If literature, like the commerce, trade, and manufactures of the 
 country, has suffered in the general depression of the times, it cannot 
 excite the surprise of the sound politician; for he is aware that 
 every thing dependent on national wealth must ebb and flow with 
 the corresponding fluctuations of the country. It is, however, an 
 admitted fact, that the higher classes of literary works were more 
 encouraged, and better appreciated, when the nation was involved 
 in a merciless conflict with France than they have been since. It 
 cannot be denied, also, that during the last twenty years literature, 
 with public taste, and public opinion, have undergone a palpable 
 change. The reading time, and reading thoughts of men, are now 
 almost wholly occupied in diurnal politics, cheap and attractive 
 publications, and popular novels and pamphlets. These emerge 
 almost daily and hourly from the rapidly multiplying steam presses 
 of the time, and combined with engravings on steel, which produce 
 almost an indefinite number of impressions of prints, and with the 
 improved execution of lithography, have cooperated to produce 
 not merely a reform, but a real revolution in literature. Although 
 in this great change the “ Cathedral Antiquities” has not 
 been surpassed by any cheaper rival work, nor by any thing com¬ 
 peting with it in all the different departments of its execution, yet, 
 as its sale does not repay the expenses appropriated to its execution, 
 it is not reasonable to expect that either author or publishers will 
 prosecute such a publication at a loss: nor can they reconcile 
 themselves to the mortifying situation of continuing the work at 
 inferior prices and reduced quality. 
 
 In prosecuting the “ Cathedral Antiquities,” the Author 
 has devoted nearly twenty years of an active, anxious life, zealously 
 
 b 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 devoted to the subject; and had public encouragement kept up 
 rather than damped his energies, he would ere now have completed 
 the illustration and historical display of all the English Cathedrals. 
 
 On commencing the History of Hereford Cathedral, the Author 
 applied to the late Dean for permission to make drawings, and 
 personally to examine the Church under his care and custody; 
 soliciting at the same time liberty to inspect any archives that would 
 be likely to elucidate the history, and thus gratify public curiosity. 
 He further intimated, that he hoped to be indulged with some encou¬ 
 ragement from the members of the Cathedral, as he had hitherto 
 struggled with inconveniences and losses in prosecuting his arduous 
 and expensive publication. Alarmed at this intimation, and probably 
 never having heard of the “Cathedral Antiquities,” or its 
 author, the timid Dean advised the antiquary not to trouble himself 
 about Hereford Cathedral, as a publication on it might be likely to 
 involve him in further losses. Thus repressed, and certainly not a 
 little mortified, the Author determined to leave that city, and seek a 
 more courteous and kindly reception from the temporary guardians 
 of another Cathedral. Some gentlemen of the city and county, 
 attached to antiquarian pursuits, and proud of their provincial 
 Minster, not only urged the Author to prosecute his proposed work, 
 but persuaded their respective friends to patronize it. He has 
 complied with their wishes; and he also hopes that he has been 
 fortunate enough to gratify their expectations, and justify their 
 favourable opinions. For the local patronage he has received he 
 feels obliged and is grateful; and cheerfully acknowledges that the 
 History of Hereford Cathedral has experienced more support from 
 that district than any previous volume from local patronage. A 
 record of the names of persons who have thus encouraged the 
 Author, and been the means of bringing forward the present volume, 
 will be preserved in its pages. 
 
 That the Author has taken some pains to investigate and 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Vll 
 
 elucidate the history of the Cathedral, will appear to those who 
 will examine the references in the following sheets; and that he has 
 endeavoured to illustrate and exemplify the architectural styles and 
 peculiarities of the Church, will be evident to all persons who can 
 appreciate the engravings of the volume. Having been engaged 
 in topographical and antiquarian literature for more than thirty 
 years, and read and analysed the published works of every English 
 writer on the Cathedrals, and, indeed, on all other antiquities, the 
 Author now ventures to express his opinions on some occasions 
 perhaps rather more decidedly and plainly than is customary with 
 churchmen who seek preferment, or with many other persons 
 who are more inclined to adopt the prejudices and dogmas of 
 sects and parties than think for themselves, and dare express their 
 thoughts in unreserved phraseology. These are not equivocating, 
 temporizing times: and an author is not deserving that honourable 
 appellation who will truckle to vice, folly, and imbecility, although 
 it may be decorated with a crown, mitre, or a coronet. 
 
 In taking leave of the present volume, and of the city of Hereford 
 and its connexions, the author most cheerfully tenders his best 
 acknowledgments and thanks to the following gentlemen, for literary 
 communications and personal civilities:—The llev. Henry Lee 
 Warner : —The Rev. H. H. Morgan The Rev. T. Garrett :— 
 The Rev. A. J. Walker :—Thos. Bird, Esq. E. S. A.: —Richard 
 Jones Powell, Esq.Dr. Meyrick :— Robert Anderson, 
 Esq.—The R ev. W. J. R ees : — William Hooper, Esq.;—and 
 Messrs. Buckman, R. B. Watkins, and Vale. 
 
SUBSCRIBERS 
 
 TO THE HISTORY OF HEREFORD CATFIEDRAL, 
 
 RESIDENT IN THE VICINITY, OR CONNECTED WITH THE COUNTY. 
 
 FOLIO PROOFS AND ETCHINGS. 
 
 The Rev. J. Jones, Hereford. | The Rev. Henry Lee Warner. 
 
 FOLIO PROOFS. 
 
 The Very Reverend the Dean and Chapter. | The Rev. Thomas Underwood, M. A. Canon Resi- 
 
 The Rev. John Clutton, D. D. Canon Residentiary. | dentiary. 
 
 QUARTO PROOFS AND ETCHINGS. 
 
 The Venerable Archdeacon Prosser. 
 
 The Rev. H. H. Morgan, B. D. Canon Residentiary. 
 
 B. Biddulph, Esq. 
 
 LARGE 
 
 The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Hereford. 
 
 Lord Viscount Eastnor. 
 
 Sir John Geers Cotlerell, Bart. 
 
 Lady Collin Greenley. 
 
 George Weare Braikenridge, Esq. F. G. S. and F. S. A. 
 Thomas Bird, Esq. Clerk of the Peace for the County. 
 Joseph Blissett, Esq. Letton. 
 
 The Rev. Morgan Cove, D.C. L. Chancellor of the Church. 
 The Rev. W. Cooke, M. A. Precentor. 
 
 Thomas Davies, Esq. Hereford. 
 
 Edward Evans, Esq. 
 
 W. C. Hayton, Esq. Moreton. 
 
 The Rev. Henry C. Hobart, M. A. Canon Residentiary. 
 
 The Rev. John Hopton. 
 
 The Rev. ■— Jones. 
 
 Theophilus Lane, Esq. Chapter Clerk. 
 
 J. Bleek Lye, Esq. M. D. 
 
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 Robert Anderson, Esq. 
 
 Mr. R. Buckman. 
 
 H. A. Beavan, Esq. 
 
 W. H. Bellamy, Esq. 
 
 William Bennett, Esq. 
 
 John Biddulph, Esq. 
 
 Mr. Bennett, Bookseller. 
 
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 Colonel Crawford. 
 
 Mr. Child, Bookseller, 2 Copies. 
 
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 The Rev. W. Hopton. 
 
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 Mrs. Davies, Croft Castle. 
 
 PAPER. 
 
 Captain Manbv. 
 
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 Miss H. Moore, Bridgenorth. 
 
 Richard Jones Powell, Esq. 
 
 Edward Poole, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. G. Pyrke. 
 
 Sir Uvedale Price, Bart. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Russell, M. A. Canon Residentiary. 
 
 Sir Edwin Francis Scudamore Stanhope, Bart. 
 
 J. L. Scudamore, Esq. 
 
 Mrs. Sykes. 
 
 The Worshipful Charles Taylor, D. D. Chancellor. 
 
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 Charles Hanbury Tracy, Esq. 
 
 J. Clarke Whitfield, Mus. Doc. Cambridge. 
 
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 PAPER. 
 
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 The Rev. — Lewis, Aymstrey. 
 
 J. R. Meyrick, LL. D. Goodrich Court. 
 
 L. Meyrick, Esq. 
 
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THE 
 
 I^tstorp and Antiquities 
 
 OF 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Cljap, 5. 
 
 HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SEE, AND FOUNDATION OF THE 
 CATHEDRAL OF HEREFORD ; WITH NOTICES OF PUBLIC EVENTS CONNECTED WITH 
 THE ESTABLISHMENT, AND BRIEF ACCOUNTS OF THE MOST EMINENT PRELATES 
 WHO HAVE SUCCESSIVELY PRESIDED OVER THE DIOCESS. 
 
 In all antiquarian and historical narratives it is very desirable to trace every 
 fact, or presumed fact, to its source—to ascertain the true origin and 
 commencement of a see, a state, or an invention which by time and 
 progressive improvement has grown to importance and greatness; but, 
 unfortunately, our curiosity is seldom satisfied on these points. Antiquaries, 
 perhaps, more than any other class of writers, are destined to explore the 
 dark and obscure labyrinths of legendary story,—the credulous relations of 
 one annalist, and the misstatements of another till they mistrust the accuracy 
 and fidelity of every one. An endeavour to verify the date of the first 
 establishment of Christianity in this part of Britain, and to fix the foundation 
 of the See and enthronement of the first prelate, shew how extremely difficult 
 it is to arrive at facts, and to obtain satisfactory evidence. It is not sufficient 
 that a cloistered chronicler of the tenth century states on his parchment roll, 
 or in an abbey register, that a certain event occurred at a given time in a 
 
 B 
 
9 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 previous century; for lie may have been misinformed, or he may have 
 credulously and unhesitatingly have repeated what had been related by a 
 former scribe. The monkish annalists of the olden times rarely, if ever, 
 exercised a fastidious spirit of inquiry, or manifested much discrimination in 
 their writings. William of Malmesbury may be regarded as the best of the 
 class. From such sources, however, it is almost impracticable to obtain a firm 
 unequivocal foundation for the history of any antient religious establishment. 
 Wanting this, we must supply its place with the best materials which can be 
 gleaned from old writers, or from the learned inferences of modern authors. 
 All these will be carefully and scrupulously employed on the present occasion ; 
 and whilst it will be both a duty and pleasure to me to exercise the most 
 diligent exertion to obtain, and the best judgment to display authorities, 
 the reader will doubtlessly admit only such evidence as satisfies his own 
 mind. 
 
 As the city of Hereford has nothing indicative of Roman occupancy, 
 either in name or remains, we must refer its origin, or at least its historical 
 distinction, to an Anglo-Saxon era. Seated in that part of England which 
 constituted the Mercian kingdom, we find the annals of the town and See 
 intimately blended with those of the government, the wars, and the institu¬ 
 tions of the state. In the “ History of Lichfield Cathedral” I have already 
 had occasion to notice the establishment of Christianity in the Mercian 
 province early in the seventh century : Archbishop Usher, however, states 
 that there was a See at Hereford as early as 544, when an archbishop resided 
 at St. David’s. In 601 a Bishop of Hereford is said to have been one of 
 seven English prelates who attended an ecclesiastical synod at Canterbury 
 under Augustin, when Pope Gregory’s answers to that archbishop’s questions 
 were discussed. According to some authors the Mercian bishopric was 
 divided into five, in the year 673, by Archbishop Theodore’s canons. 
 Johnson, in his “ Collection of Ecclesiastical Laws,” admits that the history 
 of the church, at that period, “ is very dark.” King Ethel red having- 
 devastated part of Kent, drove Bishop Putta from his seat at Rochester, 
 who, after wandering about for some time instructing the clergy in music, 
 was appointed by Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, to a new See at 
 
BISHOP CUTHBERT, AND KING ETHELBERT. 
 
 3 
 
 Hereford. Ralph Higden intimates that he paid more attention to music 
 than to his new office : and we seek in vain to find any memorable act or event 
 connected with his life or prelacy. We find the names of Tirktell, Tortere, 
 and Walstod in sequence to that of Putta, and learn that the last commenced 
 a magnificent “ cross of gold and silver,” which Cuthbert, the next prelate, 
 finished, and caused to have inscribed upon it some verses commemorative of 
 his predecessors. “ The character of Cuthbert,” observes Mr. Duncombe, 
 “ as far as can now be collected, appears to have been that of a man of 
 probity and worth. He reformed many errors in the conduct of the clergy, 
 as well as in that of the laity; and, by his injunctions, the Lord’s prayer and 
 the Apostles’ creed were read to the people in the English language. He 
 also obtained from the Pope a dispensation for allowing burials within towns 
 and cities, a practice not allowed before his time, which was much abused 
 afterwards, and which might well have been omitted always 1 .” In 741, he 
 was translated to the See of Canterbury, which he held until his death 2 . 
 
 Podda, his successor, was present at an ecclesiastical council held at 
 Clovesho, in 747 ; “ Wulwardus Herefordensis Ep. orientaliu Anglorum” 
 is enumerated as one of those bishops who became suffragan to the Arch¬ 
 bishop of Litchfield, when that See had been made metropolitan in the place 
 of Canterbury 3 . Hereford, as well as the whole Mercian kingdom, was 
 destined to experience considerable changes about this time. In 793, 
 Ethelbert, King of the East Angles, visited the court of Offa, the Mercian 
 King, to claim the hand of his daughter H31frida in marriage. The Queen of 
 Offa, however, opposed the match, and insinuated that the marriage was 
 only sought as a pretext to occupy the Mercian throne. Indignant at this, 
 Offa employed an assassin to murder his guest, by cutting oil' his head, 
 which being effected, the body was privately buried on the bank of the river 
 “ Lugg,” near Hereford. According to the Monkish Annalist, “ on the night 
 
 1 History, &c. of the County of Hereford, vol. i. p. 449. 
 
 2 See History, &c. of Canterbury Cathedral, pp. 13 and 27. 
 
 3 Matthew of Westminster, edit. 1601, p. 143. This measure was effected by the influence 
 of Offa, King of Mercia, in resentment for some injury, real or pretended, which he had sustained 
 from the Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
4 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 of his burial a column of light, brighter than the sun, arose towards heaven ;” 
 and three nights afterwards the figure (or ghost) of King Ethelbert appeared 
 to Brithfrid, a nobleman, and commanded him to convey the body to a place 
 called ‘ Stratus Waye ,’ and to inter it near the monastery there. Guided by 
 another column of light Brithfrid, having placed the body and the head on a 
 carriage, proceeded on his journey. The head fell from the vehicle, but 
 having been discovered by a “ blind man,” to whom it miraculously commu¬ 
 nicated sight, was restored by him to the careless driver. Arrived at his 
 place of destination, which, according to the Chronicler, was then called in 
 English “ Fernlega ,” in Latin “ Saltus Silicis ,” and which has since been 
 termed Hereford , he there interred the body. 
 
 Asser, the biographer of King Alfred, relates that the miracles worked 
 at the tomb of the martyred monarch were so numerous and incredible that 
 Offa was induced to send two bishops to Hereford to ascertain the truth of 
 them. These messengers having had an opportunity of witnessing the 
 saint’s interposition in favour of a Welsh nobleman who had been afflicted 
 with the palsy, reported the same to their royal master, who, as an expiation 
 for his crime of incredulity, conferred on the Saint a tenth of all his posses¬ 
 sions, “ many of which,” adds the Chronicler, u the church of Hereford now 
 holds 4 .” This frivolous, but sinister romance, is related here merely as 
 illustrative of the superstition of the times. 
 
 After the death of Offa, and of his son Egfrid, Milfred, who was viceroy, 
 according to the same authority, expended a large sum of money in building 
 “ an admirable stone church” (ecclesiam egregiam, lapidea structura) at 
 Hereford, which he consecrated and dedicated to the murdered monarch, 
 and endowed with lands and enriched with ornaments. 
 
 When Milfred re-founded the Church of Hereford, he is reported to have 
 appointed a Bishop, but the name of that person is not given. Acea was 
 present at the council of Beaconsfield in 800 5 ; Cedda , by the words “ ego 
 Cedcla Herefordensis aspiravi,” subscribed as witness to a charter granted 
 
 4 Chronicon Johannis Brompton, in Decern script, ap Twisden, ed. 1G52, col. 750. 
 
 5 Wilkin’s Concilia Magna; Britannia;, vol. i. p. 162. 
 
BUILDING AND DESTRUCTION OF THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 5 
 
 by Whitlaf, King of Mercia, to the abbey of Croyland in 833 6 ; he died in 
 857, and was succeeded by Albert. Of the intervening bishops until the 
 commencement of the eleventh century nothing is known but their names, 
 and even those are disputed. William of Malmesbury, who with trifling 
 variations has been followed by Leland and all subsequent writers, thus 
 enumerates them: — “ Esna, Celmund, Utel, Wlfeard, Benna, Edulf, 
 Cutulf, Mucel, Deorlaf, Cunemund, Edgar, Tidhelm, Wlfhelm, Alfricus, 
 Athulfus, and 
 
 Ethelstan 7 . During the long and obstinate contests which preceded the 
 establishment of the Danish dominion in England, the Church of St. Etliel- 
 bert, in common with the other religious establishments of the country, 
 doubtless suffered from the ravages of war: the episcopal lands were 
 desolated, the ecclesiastics dispersed, and the conventual buildings, with 
 the Church, became ruinous. Ethelstan, immediately after his appointment 
 to the bishopric, is reported to have repaired, or, according to some 
 authorities, re-built the Cathedral of Hereford. His exertions were, however, 
 of no avail, for during the continuance of hostilities between King Edward 
 the Confessor, and Algar, the son of Leofric, Duke of Mercia, who had been 
 unjustly deprived of his estates and banished the realm—the canons were 
 slain or taken prisoners, the sanctified relics of the martyred Ethelbert were 
 destroyed, and the Church was materially injured by fire. 
 
 The writer of the Saxon Chronicle, under the year 1055, speaking of 
 the ravages and enormities perpetrated by Earl Algar, and his ally, Griffin, 
 King of Wales, says :—“ They went to the town (of Hereford) and burnt it 
 utterly, and the large minster also, which the worthy Bishop Athelstan had 
 caused to be built, that they plundered and bereft of relic and of reef, and 
 of all things whatever, and the people they slew and led some away 8 .” The 
 Chronicle of Mailros, under the same year, more explicitly states, that the 
 Danes “ burnt the city of Hereford, and the Monastery of St. Albert, the 
 
 6 Hist. Ingulphi, in Gale’s Quindecim Scriptores, ed. 1691, vol. i. p. 2. 
 
 7 William of Malmesbury, De Gestis Pontificium Anglorum in Script, post Bedam, ed. 1G01, 
 p. 285. 
 
 8 Saxon Chronicle, Ingram’s ed. p. 245. 
 
HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 King and Martyr, and slew the canons and about four hundred others 9 .” 
 Simon of Durham and Roger Hovedon both concur in stating that “ Earl 
 Algar and his partisans entered Hereford, and having slain seven canons 
 who were defending the entrance of the principal basilica (principalis 
 basilicas), and burnt the monastery which the good Bishop Athelstan had 
 built, with all the ornaments and the relics of St. Ethelbert and other 
 saints, they killed and took captive the townsmen, and reduced the city to 
 ashes I0 .” 
 
 Athelstan did not long survive the calamities which had befallen the 
 establishment over which he presided, but died February 10, 1055, and 
 was interred at Hereford “ in the Church which he had built from the 
 foundations (in ecclesia quam ipse construxerat a fundamentis n .”) He had 
 for thirteen years previously been afflicted with blindness, and the duties of 
 his office had been fulfilled by the Bishop of St. David’s. To Athelstan 
 succeeded 
 
 Leofgar, “ Earl Harold’s mass-priest,” who had held the See only three 
 months, when, to check an hostile incursion of the Welsh, he exchanged the 
 mitre and the crozier for the helmet and the sword, and led his retainers to 
 the battle-field. The carnal weapons appear, indeed, to have been more 
 familiar to him than the spiritual ones, for, according to the Saxon Chronicler, 
 “ he wore his knapsack in his priesthood, and when he was made a bishop, 
 relinquished his chrism and his rood, and took to his sword and spear 12 .” 
 The expedition was, however, unsuccessful, and Leofgar, with many of his 
 followers, were slain. He has been characterised by Matthew of West¬ 
 minster, as “ a servant of God, a man perfect in religion, a lover of churches, 
 a reliever of the poor, a defender of widows and orphans, and the possessor 
 of chastity.” 
 
 9 Quindecira Scriptores, ap. Gale, ed. 1G91, vol. i. p. 158. 
 
 10 Simon Dunelin in Decern Script, ed. 1(352, col. 188, and Roger lloveden in Script, post 
 Bedam, ed. 1G01, p. 443. 
 
 11 Roger lloveden, in Script, post Bed. p. 444. From this passage it may be inferred that 
 the Church of St. Ethelbert had not been wholly destroyed by Earl Algar: but that the wood 
 work and combustible parts only were supposed to have been burnt. 
 
 13 Saxon Chronicle, Ingram’s ed. p. 24G. 
 
BISHOPS WALTER AND LOZING, A. D. 1069—1094. 
 
 7 
 
 After Leofgar’s death, the vacant See was granted in trust to Aldred, 
 Bishop of Worcester, on whose promotion to the archbishopric of York, in 
 1060, it was conferred by King Edward the Confessor on 
 
 Walter, a native of Lorraine, and chaplain to Queen Egitha 13 . Being a 
 foreigner, he was favoured by the new Norman monarch, who allowed him to 
 retain his ecclesiastical honours and emoluments, when many other prelates 
 and abbots who had opposed the Normans were dispossessed of their 
 respective appointments, and their places supplied by either dependants or 
 countrymen of the Conqueror. One of his enemies invented a ridiculous 
 and humiliating story against the bishop, which was readily believed and 
 circulated by those clergy who had been superseded by foreigners. This 
 tale having reached the court, excited the severe reprehension of the monarch, 
 who issued an injunction of punishment against any person who should be 
 convicted of slandering the calumniated bishop 14 . 
 
 Robert Lozing, Robertos Lotharingus, or Robert of Lorraine, next 
 succeeded, and was consecrated in 1079. As a poet, a mathematician, and 
 an architect he was superior to most of the churchmen of the age in which he 
 lived : but was so superstitious, that when requested by Remigius, Bishop 
 of Lincoln, to attend at the dedication of the church in that city, he consulted 
 the stars, and fancying them unpropitious, declined the journey. Intimate 
 with Wulstan, Bishop of Worcester, it is related in the silly Monkish 
 Annals, that during the last illness of that prelate, Lozing being at court, a 
 vision of his friend appeared to him in a dream, and said, “ If you wish to 
 see me before I die, hasten to Worcester.” Obtaining leave from the kino-, 
 he travelled night and day till he reached Cricklade, where, overcome by 
 fatigue, he retired to rest. The vision again appeared, and said, “ Thou 
 hast done what fervent love could dictate, but art too late. I am now dead, 
 and thou wilt not long survive me: but lest thou sliould’st consider this as a 
 fantastic dream, know, that after my body has been committed to the earth, 
 a gift shall be given thee, which thou shalt recognise as having- beloim-ed to 
 
 13 Hist. Ingulphi in Quindecim Script, ap. Gale, ed. 1691, vol. i. p. 67. 
 
 14 William of Malmesbury, in Script, post Bedam, ed. 1601, p. 286. 
 
8 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 me.” Oil the following morning Bishop Lozing proceeded to Worcester, 
 and having performed the obsequies of his deceased friend, was preparing to 
 return home, when the prior said to him, “ Receive as a testimony of our 
 departed lord’s love this lamb skin cap which he long wore.” These words 
 caused “ his blood to run cold,” for he remembered the prediction that he 
 had not long to live: and the same annalist relates that Wulstan died in 
 January, 1094, and Robert did not survive the following June. Bishop 
 Lozing is celebrated as having commenced the re-building of the Church of 
 Hereford, which had remained in ruins since the time of Earl Algar. He is 
 said to have adopted as a model the church of Aken, now called Aix-la- 
 Chapelle, in Germany 15 , which is supposed to have been erected by Charle¬ 
 magne. 
 
 Gerard, the nephew of Walkelin, Bishop of Winchester, and chancellor 
 both to William the Conqueror and William Rufus, succeeded to the 
 Bishopric of Hereford ; but being promoted in the following year to the 
 archiepiscopal see of York 10 , King Henry I. appointed Roger Lardarius , 
 who, as his name implies, was a servant of the royal household. This 
 person died at London, before he had received the rites of consecration, 
 which, according to William of Malmesbury, he was so anxious to enjoy, 
 that on his death-bed he sent to the Archbishop of Canterbury to attend him 
 tor that purpose lr . After Roger’s decease, the King, in defiance of the 
 ecclesiastical canons, which forbade churchmen to receive investiture from 
 lay hands, preferred to the bishopric, in 1102, 
 
 Raynelm, or Raynald, the Queen’s chancellor 18 . The Pope, however, 
 refused to confirm the appointment, and Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 having in the following year explained to the King, in a general council held 
 in St. Paul’s Church, London, the relative privileges of the clergy and the 
 laity, Reynald, notwithstanding the opposition made by his royal master, 
 surrendered his bishopric l9 . Henry, exasperated at his ready compliance 
 
 15 William of Malmesbury in Scriptures post Bedaru, ed. 1001, p. 280. 
 
 16 Eadmeri Hist, sui Sa;culi, ed. 1022, p. 35. 02. 
 
 17 William of Malmesbury, ut supra. 
 
 18 Matthew Paris, per Watts ed. 1040, p. 58. 19 Ibid, p. 59. 
 
BISHOPS CLIVE, CAPELLA, AND BETEN, A. D. 1115—1148. 
 
 9 
 
 with the will of the archbishop, banished him from court, and it was not until 
 1107, when it had been decided that those prelates who had been instituted 
 by the King should retain their sees, that he was confirmed in his office. He 
 performed the duties of his station with great credit, but it is related that he 
 was addicted to intemperance, and dying of the gout in 1 115 20 , he was 
 interred in his Cathedral. In an obituary of the Canons of Hereford, 
 Reynelm is commemorated in these w ords: “ 5 Kal. Oct. obitus Renelmi 
 episcopi, fundatoris ecclesioe Sancti Ethelberti 21 .” From this passage it has 
 been inferred that Reynelm completed the new Church which had been 
 commenced by his predecessor. 
 
 Geoffry de Clive, or de Clyve, the succeeding Bichop, was distinguished 
 for his temperance and the simplicity of his dress; he was partial to 
 agricultural pursuits, by which he increased the episcopal revenues. He 
 died in February, 1119, having presided over the See only four years. The 
 short lives of the two last prelates gave rise to a proverb, “ That no Bishop 
 of Hereford lives long 22 .” 
 
 Richard de Capella, the “ clerk of the seal,” succeeded to the vacant 
 See, January 6, 1121 23 , but held it only six years, when he died at Ledbury, 
 and was interred in his own Church. This prelate contributed much towards 
 building the Wye-Bridge at Hereford. He had a dispute w ith the contem¬ 
 porary Bishop of Landaff, respecting the boundaries of their respective 
 diocesses, which was referred to Pope Honorius II., and by his holiness 
 transferred to the Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 Robert de Betun,, a native of Flanders, w'ho had previously been Prior 
 of Lanthony, was consecrated, according to Godwin, at Oxford, in 1131. 
 From an account of his life, written by William de Wycumb, his successor 
 in the priory, the following particulars are derived. His parents were of 
 superior rank, and he received his early education from Gunfrid his brother, 
 
 20 Will. Malmesb. in Script, post. Bedam, ed. 1601, p.287, Matth. of Westminster, and Ralph 
 de Diceot. 
 
 21 Hist, and Antiq. of the Cathedral Church of Hereford, 8vo. Lond. 1713, App. p. 27. 
 
 22 Will. Malmesb. in Script, post. Bed. p. 289. 
 
 23 Annales Wiuton. in Wharton’s Anglia Sacra, vol.i. p. 298. 
 
 C 
 
10 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 a teacher of celebrity. When very young he was distinguished for great 
 attention to his studies: and delighted so much in prayer, fasting, and other 
 religious exercises that he obtained the appellation of “ our father.” Deter¬ 
 mined to lead a monastic life, he became a canon in the Priory of Lanthony, 
 and obtained celebrity for his theological acquirements, and for his strict 
 adherence to the rules of his order. On the death of Hugh de Lacy, Earl of 
 Hereford, he was appointed to superintend the building of a religious house 
 at Weobley, where that nobleman was buried. According to his biographer, 
 he exerted himself so much, by working as a common labourer, that his 
 health was injured, and he was recalled to the Priory he had previously left, 
 where he was soon afterwards made superior. In this new situation he soon 
 became pre-eminent for all the cardinal virtues. By his endeavours, the 
 number of canons was increased, religious duties were more strictly attended 
 to, the good rewarded, the evil exhorted and reproved, insomuch that his 
 fame spread over the whole kingdom. The See of Hereford being vacant, 
 Betun was recommended to the King by the Earl of Gloucester, as a fit 
 person to enjoy the episcopal dignity, and the bishopric was consequently 
 offered to him, which, after much hesitation, he accepted 24 . 
 
 Of his activity in the prompt discharge of the duties of office, his 
 perhaps too partial biographer gives an animated and elaborate account, 
 which he concludes with some general observations on his character and 
 disposition; whence it is inferred that he possessed almost every virtue 
 belonging to man. As an instance of his humanity and disregard of per¬ 
 sonal safety, it is said that when journeying with one of his canons, the 
 latter, more intent upon psalm singing than the management of his horse, fell 
 over a bridge into the river beneath. The bishop, perceiving the accident, 
 unhesitatingly leaped into the water, and having rescued the canon from his 
 perilous situation, received the applauses of all, whilst the unfortunate priest 
 was derided as an effeminate knight, who could not make a day’s journey 
 
 24 Yita Roberti Retun Ep. Heref. in Wharton’s Anglia Sacra, vol. ii. p. *297, et seq. There 
 is a manuscript Life of Betun in the library of the episcopal palace at Lambeth; another was in 
 the library of Holm-Lacy; and Thomas Bird, Esq. of Hereford, has either a copy of it or another 
 
 memoir. 
 
BISHOPS BETUN AND G. FOLIOT, A. D. 1148—L1G3. 
 
 11 
 
 without refreshing himself with a bath. Another instance of his humanity, 
 no less creditable to him, is related. Travelling in an unfrequented part 
 of the country, he heard a child crying, and soon found its mother, appa¬ 
 rently sleeping, by the road side. On examination, however, the woman 
 proved to be dead, when the humane prelate not only conveyed the body on 
 his own horse to a place of interment, but performed the funeral rites, and 
 made ample provision for the support of the orphan. 
 
 Notwithstanding the suavity of Bishop Betun’s disposition, the inferior 
 officers of his church rebelled against his authority, and he was necessitated 
 to appeal to the court of Rome for protection. He had scarcely obtained the 
 papal sentence in his favour when he was assailed by troubles from another 
 quarter. During the contentions between Stephen and the Empress Maud for 
 the throne, the country was almost devastated by the warlike adherents of 
 the contending parties. The city and diocess of Hereford were involved in 
 the general calamity attendant upon civil war. The episcopal lands were laid 
 waste, and many of the buildings demolished, the clergy were dispersed, 
 the Cathedral was deserted, and the Bishop himself compelled to seek safety 
 in disguise and flight. Peace, however, was once more restored; Betun 
 returned to his See, recalled his scattered flock, cleaned and repaired the 
 Cathedral, and caused divine service to be again celebrated within its walls. 
 
 From the following passage in Madox’s History of the Exchequer, 
 vol. i. p. 306, it may be inferred that in or shortly before the fifth of King 
 Stephen (1139-40), the bishopric of Hereford was vested in the crown:— 
 “ Gaufridus Cancellarius f. c. de iiij 1- . & xij s . & vj' 1 . de veteri Anna Episcopatus 
 de Hereford.”—Mag. Rot. in Scac. 5 Steph. r. 14. b. This strongly corrobo¬ 
 rates the statement of Betun’s biographer. 
 
 Our prelate was soon afterwards summoned by Pope Eugenius to a 
 general council held at Rlieims, in which city he died on the tenth kalends 
 of May, 1148. His remains were brought to England, and interred in the 
 Church of which he had been so distinguished a member. 
 
 Of Gilbert Foliot, Abbot of Gloucester, who was preferred to the See 
 of Hereford in 1149, and translated to that of London fourteen years after- 
 
12 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 wards, a memoir has been given in the author’s “ History of Gloucester 
 Cathedral 23 .” 
 
 Robert de Melun, called Robertus Dunelmensis, Prior of Lanthony, 
 next succeeded, and was consecrated at Canterbury on the 22d of December, 
 1163 26 . He died on the 4th kalends of March, 11G7, and was interred in the 
 south aile of the Cathedral, where an inscription records his name. He is 
 designated by the author of the annals of St. David’s, “ Episcopus Anglorum 
 sapientissimus 27 .” In consequence of the disputes between the King and the 
 clergy, which preceded and followed the murder of Archbishop Becket, the 
 See of Hereford remained vacant six years, during which time its possessions 
 were let to farm, and the profits thence arising paid into the exchequer 28 . 
 When, however, the King had submitted to the papal authority, in 1173, 
 
 Robert Foliot, Archdeacon of Oxford, a personal friend and fellow 
 student of Archbishop Becket, was appointed bishop, and was consecrated 
 on the 6th of October, in the following year 20 . Foliot was one of the four 
 English bishops who, in 1179, attended the Lateran council for the purpose 
 of making oath that they would not do, or cause to be done, any thing to 
 
 25 He was annually commemorated by the Canons of Hereford on the 13th kalend of 
 February, as one “ qui multa bona contulit Herefordensi capitulo.” Hist, and Antiq. of the 
 Catli. of Hereford, App. p. (3. 
 
 26 Chron. Gervas. Dorobern, col. 1385. Gilbert Foliot wrote a Commentary on the Can¬ 
 ticles, which was published by Junius, 4to. London, 1G38. There are seven letters of his among 
 those ot Thomas a Becket, whose principal adversary he was. Bale has given a list of his 
 writings. 
 
 27 Wharton’s Anglia Sacra, vol. ii. p. 649. Robert de Melun’s System of Divinity, in 
 manuscript, is preserved in the library of St. Victor, at Paris, and is often cited by Father 
 Northood, in his notes upon Cardinal Pullus. Vide Dupin’s Twelfth Century. 
 
 28 Thus in Madox’s History of the Exchequer, vol. i. p. 306, note. “Johannes Cumin f. c. de 
 
 C. & xv 8 . de veteri firma Episcopatus de Herefordia: Et idem de nova firma de ccc 1 . & xj s . & 
 iiij d .Mag. Rot. 16 Hen. LL. Rol. 4. And again, p. 642. “ Johannis Cumin debet xxx s . de 
 
 scutagio Militum Episcopatus in exercitum Hybernia de his quos Episcopus non recognoscit 
 reddendos ; quia Episcopatus tunc erat in matiu regis.” Mag. Rot. 20 IJen. II. r. 9. b. 
 
 29 Math. Paris, by Watts, ed. 1640, p. 1173. See also Roger Hovedon. 
 
BISHOPS R. FOLIOT, VERE, DE BRUSE, AND H. FOLIOT, A. D. 1173—1234. 13 
 
 the injury of the King or the realm of England 30 . He dedicated the Abbey 
 Church of Wigmore, which had been founded by Roger Mortimer, and in 
 the words of Leland, “ Diversa jocalia dedit eidem ecclesiae die dedications 
 ejusdem 31 .” He presided over the See with great credit for thirteen years, 
 and dying in 1186 32 , was buried in the south aile of the presbytery of his 
 Cathedral, where a monument to his memory still remains. He was annually 
 commemorated on the 7th ides of May, and is stated in the obituary of 
 Hereford Cathedral to have given to that church “ multa bona in terris et 
 libris, vasis et ornamentis 33 .” 
 
 William de Vere, a member of the illustrious house of Clare, succeeded 
 to the vacant See, October 6, 1186. He received, and magnificently enter¬ 
 tained at his palace, Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Justice of 
 England, and other distinguished persons. According to Godwin, this 
 prelate was noted for the number of buildings he erected. Dying in 
 December, 1199, he was succeeded by 
 
 Egidius, or Giles de Bruse, or Braoes, a son of William, Lord Breck¬ 
 nock, who was consecrated on the 24th of September, 1200. Living in the 
 turbulent times of the baronial wars, he was compelled to leave his See, the 
 temporalities of which were seized by the crown. This prelate is considered 
 to have built the great central tower; and an effigy in the south aile, with 
 the model of a church in one hand, is said to commemorate him and the 
 event. On returning to take possession of his See, he died at Gloucester, 
 on the 17th of November, 1215, and was interred in his own Cathedral. 
 
 Hugh de Mapenore, his successor, and who was then dean of the church, 
 was consecrated at Gloucester, December 6, 1216, but did not preside in it 
 much more than two years, when 
 
 Hugh Foliot, Archdeacon of Salop, was advanced to the See, in which 
 
 he was consecrated November 1, 1219. Connected with the town of 
 
 Ledbury, he founded and endowed an hospital there, and also founded two 
 
 30 Holinsbed’s Chronicle, vol. ii. p. 178. 31 Itinerary, vol. viii. fo. 78. 
 
 32 Wharton’s Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 477. 33 Hist, and Antiq. of Heref. Cath. App p. 12. 
 
14 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 chantries in the chapel of St. Catherine’s on the south side of the Cathedral 34 . 
 According - to Hill’s MSS., he granted forty days indulgence for seven years 
 to all persons who contributed towards the building of St. Paul’s Cathedral, 
 in London. He died July 26, 1234, when 
 
 Ralph de Maydenstan, or Maidstone, his birth-place, was named and 
 consecrated bishop. Besides purchasing for himself and his successors in 
 the See, a house in London, for one hundred and fifty pounds, he conferred 
 on the canons of the Cathedral the church of Sellick, in Herefordshire, and 
 on the See the advowson of the church of St. Mary Monthalt. Forsaking his 
 prelacy in 1239, he became a Franciscan friar at Oxford, and thence moved 
 to and joined the monks of St. Peter’s at Gloucester, where he died, and 
 was interred without any memorial. 
 
 Peter de Aquablanca, or Egel blaunche, was appointed to this See in 
 opposition to a canon of Litchfield, a man of influence and high connexions, 
 who was preferred by the clergy. The monarch, however, either from 
 partiality to foreigners, or from other motives, gave the preference to Aqua¬ 
 blanca, a native of Savoy, who is described as being of low origin. He proved 
 himself a turbulent, ambitious, and mercenary man; and hence his acts and 
 character are variously related by different monastic chroniclers. Having 
 free access to the king, it is related that he advised the monarch to give all 
 the church preferments to foreigners, and thus excited the hostility of the 
 English clergy. According to Matthew Paris our prelate assumed the cross 
 in 1250, and under the banner of the King of France went to the Holy 
 Land. In 1258 he returned to England from the court of Rome, with letters 
 from the Pope, which are described as having been forged by the bishop, 
 commanding all religious houses to grant a tenth of their possessions towards 
 carrying on the crusade 35 . The Chronicle of Dunstaple states that he 
 “ maliciously forged letters, as from the Pope, to demand money from the 
 clergy 30 .” The character of Aquablanca is brought out in consequence of the 
 
 34 Leland’s Itinerary, vol. viii. p. 37. 35 Gale's Scriptores, vol. i. p. 348. 
 
 36 See Hearne’s edition, vol. i. p. 339. 
 
BISHOP AQUABLANCHA, A. D. 1239—1268. 
 
 15 
 
 King’s wishes to promote him to the See of Lichfield, in opposition to the 
 canons of that church. He is then described “ as manifestly an improper 
 person, being a foreigner, ignorant of the English language, of bad character, 
 and considered an enemy to the realm 37 .” In 1263 he, with other foreign 
 monks and prelates, was expelled from England; but in the following year 
 he must have returned, as King Henry III. then reprimanded him in a 
 letter, stating “ that coming to Hereford to take order for the disposing of 
 the garrisons in the marches of Wales, he found in the church of Hereford 
 neither bishop, dean, vicar, or other officer to discharge the spiritual 
 functions ; and that the church and ecclesiastical establishment was in a state 
 of ruin and decay. Wherefore, he commanded the Bishop, all excuses set 
 aside, forthwith to repair to his church; and that if he did not do so, he 
 willed him to know for a certainty, that he would take into his hands all the 
 temporal goods belonging to the barony of the same, which his progenitors 
 gave and bestowed for spiritual exercise therein, with a godly devotion 3S .” 
 It appears that this remonstrance, or royal command, made the Bishop return 
 to his See ; for Simon de Montford, Earl of Leicester, with his followers, 
 afterwards seized the prelate in his church, and took from him all his wealth, 
 imprisoned him in the castle of “ Ordelay,” and divided the treasure amongst 
 themselves. Though branded with general reproach, and apparently in 
 hostility with his flock and the clergy, it appears that he bequeathed one 
 hundred and ninety-two bushels of corn to be distributed yearly amongst the 
 members of the church, and two hundred bushels of wheat, to the poor of the 
 diocess. He purchased the manor of “ Homme Lacy,” or Holme Lacy, and 
 added it to the revenues of the Church; and was also much engaged in 
 defending the liberties and privileges of the Bishop, and those of the Dean 
 and Chapter against certain encroachments attempted to be made by the 
 citizens. He founded a monastery at Aquabella, or Aqua-Blancha, in Savoy, 
 the place of his birth ; and to that monastery his heart was conveyed and 
 enshrined. There is not, however, any mention of this event in the inscrip- 
 
 37 Math. Paris, per Watts, p. 881. 
 
 38 Wilkins’s Concil. Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. 761. 
 
16 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 tion on his tomb at that town 30 . He died on the 27th of November, 1268, 
 but his obit was annually celebrated on the 5th kalend of that month. He 
 was succeeded by 
 
 John Breton, or de Breton, LL. D., who was a lawyer as well as a 
 priest, and who has been generally noted in the legal annals, as author of 
 “that excellent French manual of our laws, which bears the name of Briton 40 .” 
 It is entitled “ De Juribus Anglicanis,” and was written by command of the 
 King. According to Fuller, in his “ Worthies of England,” the “ tenor 
 runneth in the King’s name, as if it had been penned by himself.” Sir 
 Edward Coke describes him as a “ man of great and profound judgment in 
 the common laws, an excellent ornament to his profession, and a satisfaction 
 and solace to himself.” Bishop Nicholson suggests doubts respecting the. 
 authorship of the book, and, after examining different testimonies and autho¬ 
 rities, says, “ If I may be allowed to differ from all, I should think that the 
 true writer of this abstract was that same John Breton whom we find one of 
 the King’s justices (together with Ralph and Roger de Hengham) in the first 
 year of Edward the Second 41 .” It appears that our Bishop died in the third 
 year of the reign of Edward the First, and that the treatise in question 
 contains reference to a statute passed in the thirteenth year of that reign 42 . 
 Although the time of his death is stated by Godwin and others. May 12, 
 1275, no one has specified the place of his interment. His successor was 
 a man of high repute during life, and obtained distinguished canonical 
 honours after death. 
 
 Thomas Cantilupe, or de Cantilupe, was archdeacon of Stafford, 
 and successively occupied the distinguished offices of Chancellor of the 
 University of Oxford, and of the kingdom. He was son of William, Lord 
 Cantelupe, and Millicent, Countess of Evreux. According to some writers 
 he was a native of Lancashire; but Fuller states that Lord Cantelupe’s 
 
 39 See Arcliasologia, vol. xviii. p. 189, in which there is an account of the tomb by the 
 Rev. T. Kerrich. 
 
 41 Nicholson’s Historical Library, fol. ed. 1736, p. 230. 41 Ibid. 
 
 42 See Kelham’s edition of “ Britton,” with Notes, References, and Records, 8vo. 1762. 
 
BISHOP CANTELUPE.-A. D. 1275—1282. 
 
 17 
 
 “ habitations were Abergavenny Castle, in Monmouth, and Harringworth, 
 in Northamptonshire.” 
 
 To write an account of the life of a saint, in the present clay, with any 
 thing like discrimination, or with a hope of furnishing an impartial and 
 rational narrative, would be as vain as the attempt to fix the longitude, or 
 assert the discovery of the philosopher’s stone. Suffice it to remark, that a 
 good sized volume has been published under the title of “ The Life and 
 Gests (or Virtues) of Sir Thomas Cantelupe 43 ,” but it is so truly hyperbolical, 
 credulous, and full of romance, that scarcely any part of it can be credited, 
 and hardly two pages, out of about three hundred, have the character of 
 real biography. From childhood to death Cantelupe is represented as all 
 saintedness and perfection, wholly devoted to God, or rather to Catholic 
 ceremonies ; and yet the silly, purblind author pretends that he fulfilled all 
 his worldly and professional duties in the varied offices of Chancellor of 
 the University of Oxford, Chancellor of England, and Bishop of Hereford. 
 He also describes the court, in which Lord Cantelupe and his family were 
 domesticated, as replete with folly, immorality, and vice. “ Infamy,” he 
 says, “ is no where more in credit, nor vice so canonized: it is a school 
 of ^Egyptian hieroglyphics, where beasts and monsters are supposed to 
 signify heroique vertues,” (p. 38). Of a man who “ suck’d in sanctity with 
 his milk,” and whose “ childhood was a meer prologue, or dum show, before 
 a trajedy of miseries,” (p. 33), although his whole life was exempt from 
 every misery, according to the same author, there are few events to record, 
 and few traits of character to comment on. The book referred to, said to 
 be made up from evidences in the Pope’s library, collected at the time and 
 for the purpose of his canonization, is very meagre in biographical materials. 
 It states that he was educated at home, sent to Oxford to study Latin and 
 canon law,—to Paris for philosophy—returned to Oxford, where he was 
 made Chancellor; and, “ always advancing from good to better,” was 
 created High Chancellor of England under Henry the Third, and was 
 
 43 In the old authors Gest is used to denote action, or event. W arton, in “ History of 
 English Poetry,’’ derives it from the popular books entitled “ Gesta Ronianorum,” containing 
 narratives of adventures. See Nares’s “ Glossary.” 
 
 D 
 
18 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 entrusted with the government of the kingdom during the absence of that 
 monarch. Though nothing is inferred from those civil and honorary 
 promotions by the credulous author, it must be clear that Cantelupe had 
 some knowledge of business, of politics, of the intrigues of a vicious court, 
 to deserve and obtain those honours and their consequent profits. He also 
 contrived to secure a few clerical appointments, which must have enhanced 
 his income and labours: he was Canon and Chantor of York, Archdeacon 
 and Canon of Lichfield and Coventry, Canon of London and Hereford, also 
 Archdeacon of Stafford. His last advancement and honour was to the See 
 of Hereford, “ where all voyced him their Bishopand where, says the 
 same romancer, at the age of fifty-six, he was “ set up as a light in 
 the candlestick of the See,” on the 8th of September, 1275. Here he 
 appears to have ruled only about seven years, and not always in peace 
 with the laity and clergy. Travelling to or from Rome, to obtain the 
 co-operation of the Pope against Gilbert Clare, Earl of Gloucester, or 
 John Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury, or both, for with both he was 
 embroiled in disputes, he was seized with illness at Civita Vecchia, in 
 Italy, and died there on the 25th of August, 1282. His body, separated 
 into three parts, as customary at that time with saints, was destined to 
 honour and profit three separate places : the flesh was deposited in a 
 church near the city of Florence, the heart inurned at Ashridge, in Buck¬ 
 inghamshire, England, and the bones conveyed to and deposited in the 
 Lady Chapel belonging to Hereford Cathedral. Over these a tomb was 
 erected: but his successor, who had been his secretary, finding the people 
 prone to believe in miracles, and that such craft would tend to promote the 
 fame of his Cathedral, had a great many performed at the tomb of the saint. 
 According to Camden, Cantelupe’s fame soon eclipsed that of St. Ethelbert, 
 himself; for, as Fuller quaintly but truly remarks, “ Superstition is always 
 fondest of the youngest saint.” To keep up, or rather enhance this fame, 
 the clergy of the Cathedral, most likely at the instigation of their Bishop, 
 had the relics of the saint removed from the Lady Chapel, and enshrined in 
 a new and splendid tomb, in the north transept, on the 6th of April, 1287. 
 To give eclat to this translation, and consequently attract more devotees, it 
 
BISHOP CANTELUPE.—A. D. 1275—1282. 
 
 19 
 
 is related that Edward II. came from Calais on purpose to attend the 
 ceremony. According to the unqualified assertions of the Catholic writers, 
 not only visiters from all parts paid their devotions and oblations at the 
 sainted shrine, but miracles without number were there performed. Healing 
 the sick, restoring sight to the blind, and reanimating the dead were among 
 these. Matthew of Westminster roundly asserts that these miracles amounted 
 to the number of one hundred and sixty-three ; and the English Martyrology 
 augments the number to four hundred and twenty-five. In the te Life and 
 Gests,” the number is said to be “ in a manner infinite,” and that forty 
 persons, one of whom was a public incendiary, and hanged as a just 
 punishment for his infamy, were restored to life, through the instrumentality 
 of the Hereford dead saint. It cannot but excite the pity and contempt of 
 every rational person to peruse such impudent fabrications and falsehoods. 
 These, however, are not merely repeated by old monastic chroniclers, but 
 Alban Butler, and other modern authors who have written on such subjects, 
 reiterate the same impious nonsense. Butler says that “ Cantelupe subdued 
 his flesh with severe fasting, watching, and a rough hair shirt, which he 
 wore till his death, notwithstanding the colics and other violent pains and 
 sicknesses with which he was afflicted many years, for the exercise of his 
 patience 44 .” The rodomontade of these writers not only excites our mistrust, 
 but their contradictory statements respecting the time and place of his death, 
 shew that none of them are to be credited. On the 3d of July, 1307, about 
 twenty-five years after his decease, a commission was appointed, to continue 
 for four months, to make inquiries respecting his life and character, for the 
 purpose of canonization, and in which Richard Swinford, his successor, 
 acted as solicitor. It is said that Cantelupe was the last Englishman who 
 was canonized. From his time the Bishops of Hereford adopted his arms 
 for their See, viz. Gu. three leopards’ heads jessant with a fleur-de-lis 
 issuing from the mouth, or. His monument, or shrine, will be described in 
 a subsequent page. 
 
 Richard Swinford, the successor of Cantelupe, was noted for his pulpit 
 
 44 Lives of the Fathers, &c. vol. x. p. 47, edit. 1815. 
 
20 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 eloquence, and resided long- enough in the See to witness the effects of his 
 master’s miracles and canonization. By a document which Dr. Prattinton 
 discovered among the evidences of Sir Thomas Wilmington, Bart, of 
 Stanford Court, in Worcestershire, it appears that Swinford’s chaplain, 
 John de Kernes, kept a journal, or register, of all the domestic affairs of the 
 Bishop, from 1289 to 1290, and probably for other years. This document 
 is a roll of several skins of parchment, one side of each contains the daily 
 expenses attending the Bishop’s table, specifying the remnants left, the 
 costs of the stable, and an itinerary. The other side notices the summer 
 and winter clothes, furs, spices, sugar, &c .; also expenses at the court 
 of Rome, education of boys at Oxford, money laid out in Kent, where 
 the Bishop built a chapel. He was at Sugwas, one of his seats, from the 
 30th of September, 1289, to the 21st of October, when he removed to 
 Rosebury, another seat. In December he proceeded to Ledbury, thence 
 to Newent, Hyneham, Prestbury, another seat, where he kept his Christmas, 
 and where it appears that a sumptuous entertainment was provided, for one 
 day. The following articles are specified; viz. a boar, ten oxen, eight 
 porkers, sixty fowl, thirteen fat deer, and nine hundred eggs. He after¬ 
 wards proceeded to London, where clothes, furs, &c. were purchased. 
 The Bishop’s travelling suite consisted of a company with from thirty to 
 fifty horses. He appears to have remained in London only six days, 
 and slept the first night, on returning, at Kensington. Swinford presided 
 thirty-four years over his diocess, and died the 15th of March, 1316. 
 He was buried in the Cathedral, but his tomb, or effigy, has been 
 destroyed. 
 
 Adam de Orlton was consecrated at Avignon, in France, September 12, 
 1316, and whilst on an embassy to Rome, hearing of the death of the Bishop 
 of Worcester, obtained the Pope’s bull of advancement to that See in 
 September, 1327. The chapter and the English king had previously elected 
 and confirmed Wulstan de Braunsford in the See, but the Pope’s influence 
 preponderated, and Orlton was firmly seated at Worcester in 1329, where 
 he presided six years, when he was advanced by the pontiff to the richer 
 See of Winchester. This favouritism provoked the jealousy of the English 
 
BISHOPS ORLTON, CARLTON, AND TRELLICK.— A. D. 131G—1361. ‘21 
 
 monarch (Edward III.), who indicted Orlton in the ecclesiastical court: — 
 First, for imprisoning the King’s chancellor, in 1326; secondly, for a 
 treasonable sermon preached at Oxford, accusing the king of tyranny, and 
 inciting his subjects to depose and imprison him; and thirdly, for his 
 endeavours to induce the Queen to desert her royal spouse. The parliament 
 also accused him of lending the Mortimers’ money to oppose the King. For 
 these offences he was placed at the bar for trial, when the Archbishops 
 of Canterbury, York, and Dublin took him away, and insisted that, as 
 a prelate, he was not amenable to a civil tribunal. Milner, in his 
 “ History of Winchester,” vol. ii. p. 233, &c. calls him c<r an artful and 
 unprincipled churchman, who had been one of the most active agents of 
 the barons in their first war against the King, and for which he was tried 
 and found guilty.” He was deprived of all his property and banished. 
 Returning, he obtained the patronage of the higher ruling powers, and 
 was favoured by Edward III. He died during his prelacy in Winchester, 
 in which Cathedral he was buried, in 1345. See History, &c. of Win¬ 
 chester Cathedral. 
 
 Thomas Carlton, LL.D. the successor of Orlton, was progressively 
 appointed Treasurer of England, and Chancellor and Chief Justice of 
 Ireland, also custos, or guardian of that kingdom. He appears to have 
 resided in Ireland from 1337 to 1340, and consequently left his See during 
 that time. Dying in 1340, he was interred in his Cathedral, where a statue, 
 &c. was raised to his memory. The next prelate, 
 
 John Trellick, D. D. was an enemy to the plays or pageants which 
 were frequently performed in churches, and also to matrimony. To 
 prevent the first taking place within his diocess, he denounced all offenders 
 with the “ pain of cursing and excommunication;” and excommunicated one 
 William Anthony, of Birmingham, for marrying a woman of Herefordshire. 
 In advanced age he became too infirm to perform his official duties, and 
 employed Thomas Trellick, Dean of Exeter, to officiate for him. He 
 died in 1361, and was interred on the north side of the altar of his 
 Cathedral, where a grave stone marks the spot. An engraved brass 
 effigy with an inscription were removed, and the grave was opened in 
 
22 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 1813, when part of a crozier, and a seal of a pope’s bull were found, and 
 are preserved in a glass case in the Cathedral 45 . 
 
 Lewis Charlton, or Caer-leon, as called by Bale, was chancellor of 
 Oxford in 1357, and was distinguished as a theologian, mathematician, and 
 also for possessing some knowledge of medicine. Advanced to this See in 
 1361, he presided here till 1369, when he bequeathed several articles, 
 and forty pounds in money, to his Cathedral, in which his remains were 
 interred : he also left some books and vestments to other churches. Accord¬ 
 ing to Bale he wrote several works. 
 
 William Courteney, one of the rich and influential family of that name 
 of Devonshire, after receiving several appointments of honour and profit in 
 the Cathedrals of Exeter, Wells, and York, was advanced to the See of 
 Hereford in 1369, and soon afterwards promoted to the archiepiscopal 
 chair of Canterbury. (See History, &c. of Canterbury Cathedral). 
 
 John Gilbert was translated from Bangor in 1375, and sent on an 
 embassy to France in 1385. He was made treasurer of England, and in 
 July, 1389, removed to the See of St. David’s, in Wales. 
 
 John Trevenant, or Trefuant, who ruled the diocess from 1389 to 
 1404, was deputed by King Henry IV. on an embassy to Rome, and was 
 joined with John, Earl of Arundel, in a commission to investigate and 
 govern the affairs of Scotland. 
 
 Robert Mascall, a confessor to King Henry IV. was employed by that 
 monarch in embassies to various foreign courts, and published an account of 
 those embassies. Being one of the Carmelite, or White Friars, he contributed 
 towards rebuilding the church belonging to that order in London, and in 
 which his remains were interred in December, 1415. 
 
 Edmund Lucy, D. D. was advanced from the deanery to the See in 1417, 
 but three years afterwards was translated to Exeter 46 , when 
 
 Thomas Polton, then Dean of York, was appointed to, and presided 
 
 45 See “ Gough’s Sepulchral Monuments,” vol. i. pi. 40 and p. Ill, for a view of the tomb 
 stone; also “ Ancient Reliques,” vol. i. by Storer, for an engraving and a short account of 
 these reliques. 
 
 46 See History, &c. of Exeter Cathedral for an account of him. 
 
BISHOPS POLTON, SPOFFORD, BEAUCHAMP, ETC.—A. D. 1420—14/4. 23 
 
 over this diocess only fifteen months, when he was advanced to Chichester, 
 and thence translated to Worcester. 
 
 Thomas Spofford was promoted from the abbacy of St. Mary, York, to 
 this See, November, 1421, and governed it twenty-six years. He appears 
 to have made great alterations in the palace at Sugwas. In 1448 he with¬ 
 drew from his charge, and returned to St. Mary’s, at York, where he died. 
 The record of his abdication is printed in Rymer’s Fcedera, vol. x. p. 215: 
 in Wilkins’s “ Concilia,” vol. iii. p. 538, is a writ of pardon for abdicating 
 in favour of his successor, who was to allow him one hundred pounds 
 yearly out of the revenues. The Pope testified by his bull that Spofford 
 had expended on the buildings of his Cathedral upwards of two thousand 
 eight hundred marks. 
 
 Richard Beauchamp was consecrated in February, 1448, and after 
 presiding here two years and three months, was translated to Salisbury. 
 Having noticed this prelate in my History of Salisbury Cathedral (p. 36), 
 it need only be observed here that he was employed by King Edward III. 
 in superintending the building of St. George’s Chapel at Windsor, where, 
 and at Salisbury, he left specimens of his architectural works. 
 
 Richard or Reynald Butler, or Bolers, an Abbot of St. Peter’s at 
 Gloucester, succeeded Beauchamp, but his presidency was also very short, 
 being appointed in 1450, and translated to Litchfield and Coventry, April, 
 1453. Godwin says, “Howbeit it seemeth that he lyeth buried in the Church 
 of Hereford before the high altar, under a marble inlaid with brass 47 . 
 
 John Stanbury, who succeeded Butler, was a most distinguished 
 Carmelite Friar at Oxford, and was appointed by Henry VI. to be the 
 first provost of the New College at Eton. The same monarch promoted 
 him to the See of Norwich, in which he was superseded by a favourite of 
 the Duke of Suffolk, but was by the same royal favour fixed in the chair 
 of Bangor, where he remained five years. He was then translated to 
 Hereford, where he presided twenty-one years, servilely devoted to the 
 Pope and all the papal decrees; he was also equally attached to the 
 
 47 Catalogue of Bishops, edit. 1615. p. 450. 
 
24 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 monarch who had so greatly befriended him. In the service and retinue of 
 the king he was taken prisoner with his patron at the noted battle of 
 Northampton in 14G0, and confined in the prison of Warwick Castle 48 , for 
 some time. According to Godwin 49 , and Prince 50 , he left behind him 
 “ several works of merit,” a list of which is given in Leland’s Itinerary. 
 After release from prison he retired to the Carmelite Friary of Ludlow, 
 where he died May 31, 1474. It is presumed that during his life and 
 residence at Hereford he built a handsome Chantry Chapel, against the 
 north side of the Cathedral, in which his remains were interred. Godwin 
 gives a copy of some K barbarous verses,”—which were inscribed on his 
 tomb,—and Gough, in “ Sepulchral Monuments,” vol. ii. part iii. p. 240, 
 has copied, and also given some account of the chapel, with a view of its 
 interior and details. In the Bishop’s will, proved Oct. 20, 1474, is a 
 bequest of “one cross of silver gilt to my baptismal Church of More-Stowe,” 
 in Devonshire. 
 
 Thomas Millyng, or Myling, D. D. of Oxford, and Abbot of West¬ 
 minster, was promoted to this See through the personal favour of King 
 Edward IV. one of whose privy counsellors he was. Dying at Westminster 
 in 1492, he was interred in the Chapel of St. John Baptist, in the Abbey 
 Church, where a stone coffin remains, which is supposed to have contained 
 his body 51 , 
 
 Edmund Audley, the next prelate, was advanced from Rochester to this 
 See in December, 1492, and after presiding here about ten years, was 
 promoted to Salisbury in 1502. In most of the accounts of Hereford 
 Cathedral it is stated that this bishop “was a great benefactor to the Lady’s 
 Chapel;” but it is not likely that he expended any money upon that edifice, 
 excepting, indeed, taking away part of the wall on the south side, and 
 building a chantry chapel for his own remains. Being, however, removed 
 
 48 Gough says, Windsor Castle.” 4S Catalogue of Bishops, p. 460. 
 
 50 W orthies of Devon, edit. 1810, p. 719, in which are several particulars respecting the 
 Bishop. 
 
 51 See Brayley’s Account of the Monument and of the Bishop in Neale’s Illustrations of 
 Westminster Abbey, vol. ii. p. 185, 
 
BISHOPS AUDREY, CASTELLO, MAYO, AND BOOTH.-A. D. 1492—1535. 25 
 
 to Salisbury, he raised a new and very elegant chantry chapel for himself 
 in the choir of that Cathedral, and therein it is presumed that his mortal 
 remains were interred after death, 1525 52 . 
 
 Adrian, or Hadrian de Castello, a native of Cornetto in Italy, is 
 described by Godwin as a person of “ very base parentage,” but he was 
 made a cardinal by the Pope, and by King Henry VII. was advanced to the 
 See of Hereford in 1502, as a reward for his fidelity and good conduct. 
 Amassing considerable riches he excited the envy and avaricious cupidity of 
 Caesar Borgio, that monster of iniquity, who endeavoured to poison him, but 
 who, with his own father. Pope Alexander VI., partook of the fatal draught 
 which they had prepared for Castello, and became victims of their own wily 
 scheme. In my History, &c. of Wells Cathedral, p. 51, are many particulars 
 of Castello, and the reader also is referred to Godwin’s “ Catalogue of 
 Bishops,” p. 380, and to “ Biographia Britannica.” This prelate and cardinal 
 continued at Hereford only two years, when he was succeeded by 
 
 Richard Mayo, or Mayew, who was almoner to Henry VII., president 
 of Magdalen College, Oxford, and chancellor of that university. He 
 presided here eleven years, and previous to his death, April 18, 1510, 
 bequeathed his mitre and pastoral staff to his successors, five hundred marks 
 for the use of the church, and ordered a handsome monument to be raised 
 over his grave, on the south side of the high altar. His will, dated 
 March 24, 1515, is in the prerogative office of Canterbury. 
 
 Charles Booth, the next prelate, who was chancellor of the Welsh 
 Marshes, has secured to his name and government of the diocess much 
 honour, by u bestowing great cost in repairing his house at London,” and by 
 erecting the fine supplemental porch on the north side of the Cathedral. 
 He had many ecclesiastical appointments, as specified in the Bishops’ 
 Register. By his will he directed that his body should be buried in the 
 episcopal habit, and that six pounds six shillings and eight pence should be 
 distributed at his funeral. His books were left to the Cathedral library, 
 and a large piece of arras tapestry. Dying in 1535, his corpse was interred 
 
 52 For Accounts of Bishop Audley and his exquisite Chapel, see my History, &c. of Salisbury 
 Cathedral; also Dodsworth’s Account of the same Cathedral. 
 
 E 
 
26 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 within the north aile of the nave, where a monument was raised to his 
 memory. 
 
 Edward Foxe, an eminent statesman, provost of King’s College, Cam¬ 
 bridge, almoner to King Henry VIII., and an active partisan with the 
 vicar-general, Cromwell, against the Catholics, was advanced to this See by 
 the king in 1535. He was author of “Annotations on the Mantuan Poet;” 
 an Oration, in the story of Thomas Lord Cromwell, published in Fox’s 
 Acts and Monuments; also “ De vera Differentia Regise Potestatis et 
 Ecclesiastics,” &c. 1534 and 1538, which was translated into English by 
 Henry, Lord Stafford. Dying in London, May 8, 1538, his remains were 
 interred in the Church of St. Mary Monthalt, Fish Street Hill, in that city. 
 
 Edmund Bonner was bishop of this See only seven months, as Godwin 
 states, when he was translated to London, where he became notorious for 
 his “ butcheries,” as the same author properly designates his cruelties, and 
 died in the Marshalsea Prison, a proper home for such a Nero. 
 
 John Skipp, D. D. sat here twelve years, and witnessed a reform in the 
 Church, of the mummeries or interludes which had occasionally been acted 
 within the walls of these sacred buildings, in ridicule of the old catholic 
 superstitions. Attending the parliament in London in 1553, he died, and 
 was buried in the Church of St. Mary Monthalt. 
 
 John Harley was one of the victims of that cruel, heartless woman, 
 Queen Mary, who compelled him to abdicate his See for marrying, and 
 avoiding mass. Whatever stigma may attach to such acts, in the estimation 
 of bigotry, the man devoted to literature and moral worth will think highly 
 of this bishop from the testimony of Leland, who knew him, and praises him 
 for “ his great virtue and learning, especially in the classical authors and 
 poets, for his fine vein in poetry,” &c. 53 He was consecrated May 26, 1553, 
 but deprived in the following year, and wandered about K from place to 
 place in an obscure condition 54 .” 
 
 Robert Purfey, or Warton, S. T. P. was advanced from the bishopric 
 of St. Asaph in April, 1554, to which he had been promoted from the abbacy 
 
 53 Wood's Athenae Oxon. vol. ii. col. 709, edit. 1815. 
 
 54 Ibid. 
 
BISHOPS PURFEY AND SCORY.—A. D. 1554—1584. 27 
 
 of Bermondsey in Southwark. His memory lias been traduced by Godwin, 
 for having alienated the revenues of the See, but Browne Willis vindicates 
 him against the charge, asserting, u it is clear that he did not impair that 
 bishopric in the least penny; but lived there in his diocess in great hospi¬ 
 tality and credit, and contributed liberally to the building of the fine Church 
 of Mould, in Flintshire, and, as I presume, finished Gresford and Wrexham 
 Churches 55 /’ By will he gave to the Cathedral his mitre of silver, set with 
 stones, a crozier of silver, and a parcel of plate, with other ecclesiastical 
 riches. He died September 22, 1557, and was buried in the south transept 
 of his Cathedral, in which there is a monumental effigy to his memory. 
 
 John Scory was translated from Rochester to Chichester, and thence to 
 Hereford, ancl was one of those prelates who suffered from the intolerant 
 and cruel persecutions of the “ bloody Mary.” Both at Chichester and this 
 See he appears to have incurred the displeasure of his brethren, and the 
 reproach of the church. By “ pulling down houses, selling lead, and by other 
 loose endes, &c. he heaped together great mass of wealth.” Anthony Wood 
 tells us that the money thus accumulated was foolishly squandered away by 
 his favoured son, Sylvanus Scory, “ a very handsome and witty man, and of 
 the best education both at home and beyond the seas that that age could 
 afford. His father loved him so dearly that he fleeced the Church of Here¬ 
 ford, to leave him an estate; but Sylvanus, allowing himself the liberty of 
 enjoying all the pleasures of this world, reduced it to nothing, so that his 
 son Edm. lived by hanging on gentlemen and by his shifts 56 .” Bishop 
 Scory wrote and published some works adapted to the times, but such as 
 could not be read now. Sir Robert Naunton, in “ Fragmenta Regalia,” 
 reprobates his practice of swearing and using obscene language ; and 
 Sir John Harington, in “Nugas Antiqum,” describes him as having amassed 
 u some legions, or rather chiliads (thousands) of angels.” ct Whilst Bishop 
 Scory presided over this See the Diocese suffered an almost total revolution 
 under the specious pretext of an exchange with the Queen, to which, in 
 reality, he was obliged to accede. He alienated the Manors of Ledbury, 
 Bishops-Upton, Ross, Bishops-Castle, Venhampton, and Prestbury, and 
 
 33 Survey of Cathedrals, vol. i. p. 521. 
 
 36 Athenae Oxon. vol. ii. col. 770, edit. 1815. 
 
28 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 almost all the ancient demesnes belonging to the Cathedral 57 .” Though thus 
 accused, and proved guilty of many crimes., Scory, like too many other 
 rogues and tyrants, had his panegyrists and poetical encomiasts. In the 
 possession of the present venerable and learned Bishop of this See is a 
 copy of verses, by a contemporary of Scory, relating in doggerel rhyme his 
 advancement in the church, up to Hereford, 
 
 “ Wheare he hathe by enemyes often and by false slanderous tongues 
 
 Had troubles greate without desert to his continental wronges.’’ 
 
 He died at the Palace of Whitbourn in 1584, and was interred in the church 
 of that place. As a sort of posthumous atonement for living extortions, he 
 bequeathed two hundred bushels of corn to the poor of Hereford, and two 
 hundred pounds as a stock to be lent to young tradesmen of Hereford, and 
 a like sum to those of Leominster. 
 
 Herbert Westfaling, D. I)., of German parentage, was educated at 
 Christ Church, Oxford. As a proof of his fortitude and Christian faith, 
 it is related by Sir John Harington, that whilst preaching in the Cathedral, 
 a mass of frozen snow falling from the tower upon the roof of the church, 
 so frightened the congregation that they hastily endeavoured to escape; but 
 the preacher remained serene and fearless in his pulpit, and calmly exhorted 
 them to sit still and fear no harm. Queen Elizabeth named him a com¬ 
 missioner, with three other Oxonians, to destroy or deface all the “ copes, 
 vestments, albs, missals, books, crosses, and other such idolatrous monu¬ 
 ments of superstition in Christ Church.” Such silly and contemptible 
 orders, almost as absurd and disgusting as the ceremony of worshiping 
 relics, at once excite our pity and indignation. Westfaling is described by 
 Willis, as humane, charitable, and of very singular gravity. The revenues 
 of the church he devoted to works of piety and hospitality, and left his 
 paternal property to his family. He was buried in the north-east transept 
 of the Cathedral in March, 1601. 
 
 Robert Bennett, D. D. of Trinity College, Cambridge, was made Dean 
 of Windsor, and Bishop of this See by Queen Elizabeth. He presided here 
 from 1603 to 1617, and appears to have been involved in contention, if 
 
 57 Dugdale’s “ Monasticon Anglic,” edit. 1831, vol. vi. pt. iii. p. 1211. 
 
BISHOP BENNETT.—A. D. 1G03—1G17. 
 
 29 
 
 not litigation, with the Mayor and Aldermen of Hereford, respecting certain 
 rights and privileges of the See. In a letter, dated May 23, 1G07, he 
 accuses them of having “committed many prejudices to my liberties, and 
 many violences to my tenants ; you enter into my liberties, make attachments, 
 do executions, summon my tenants to your court, implead there at your 
 pleasure, cast them into prison, and lay irons upon them, and that for petty 
 and small matters. You have also imprisoned my bailiff, wherein I must tell 
 you that you have forgotten the lawes of the realm, trangressed your charter, 
 and violated my privileges, which are more ancient than your city.” He 
 proceeds to accuse them of refusing to pay their fees,—of denying his bailiff 
 the custody and keys of the bishop’s gates,—of putting a watch to oppose his 
 watch,—of denying the “bells to be rung as customary time out of mind,”— 
 of forcing every poor man to become a “sword-man.”—“I know your charter 
 and every branch of it; and you have given me occasion to look into my 
 own records. And be assured that if there be strength in law, I will bring 
 you back again within the compass of your own rights.” He then demands 
 full control and authority for his bailiff at the fair, with the keys of the 
 gates, &c. These are strong charges, and imperious demands; and not 
 much calculated to sooth the ruffled passions of man. Accordingly the 
 mayor and aldermen reply, but with some equivocation, flattery, and denial 
 of the charges, intimating that some artful and false person must have 
 misrepresented facts, and expressing an earnest desire to preserve peace and 
 good-will, instead of having “ the fire of dissension cast among us by your 
 Lordship. We know nothing done not justifiable by our charter,—for the 
 delivery of the keys of our city or bearing the watch; we humbly pray a 
 favourable construction of an absolute refusal.” Disputes respecting rights, 
 tolls, &c. had subsisted before, between the citizens and former bishops. 
 In the eighth year of Henry VIII. the mayor, Mr. Phillips, “demanded” 
 the customs during St. Ethelbert’s fair of nine days, i. e. five shillings to 
 the king’s customer, one shilling for every porter, and sixpence for every 
 sergeant, which demand the bishop refused. The mayor and citizens 
 remonstrated,—attended the bishop’s audit, and claimed their legal duties, 
 but desired to guard against any “ grudge and anger that might grow 
 between them.” These disputes led to an investigation of the respective 
 
30 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 rights and powers of the bishop, and of the mayor, &c.; and it was proved, 
 that at the Norman Conquest, the bishop was not lord of the city, but that 
 it belonged to the king till the 6th of July, 1189, when Richard I. sold the 
 lordship for forty pounds to the citizens, or rather forty pounds a year, as 
 that sum was to be gathered by three of the bailiffs, one of which was the 
 mayor, one the King’s bailiff, and one called the customer. The last was to 
 collect the tolls and profits at the gates, fairs, markets, &c. King John 
 granted the citizens the privilege of Guild Merchants. Bishop Aquablanca 
 summoned them to answer for selling merchandise, i. e. wool, hides, &c. 
 within their houses, during the fair of the said Bishop. The citizens 
 admitted that the fair and all its profits belonged to the prelate, and that his 
 bailiff ought to come on the eve of the fair to the city bailiff', and take custody 
 of the city. The citizens afterwards granted the King’s pillory and tumbrell, 
 both in fair time and out, to do their executions, and ordered the Bishop’s 
 pillory to be taken down. The tenants, servants, &c. of the Bishop, Dean, &c. 
 to be free from city toll and all exactions. Other agreements and stipulations 
 were entered into between the clergy and laity of the city, but not sufficiently 
 binding to prevent disputes: for in a letter from the mayor to the Bishop’s 
 bailiff he states that the plea of the latter C( is untrue, and slanderously 
 devised and contrived by a busy man, to put the former to slander, unjust 
 vexation, and expense; and particularly to stir discord and strife between 
 the Bishop and the citizens.” Sir John Harington describes Bennett, 
 when at college, as an active man, who played well at tennis, and could toss 
 an argument in the schools even better than a ball in the tennis court. This 
 prelate bequeathed twenty pounds to the Cathedral; twenty pounds to 
 Trinity College, Cambridge; twenty pounds towards finishing the schools 
 at Oxford; twenty pounds to the poor of Baldock, in Hertfordshire, his 
 birth-place, &c. He died the 26th of October, 1617, and was buried on the 
 north side of the high altar, where a handsome marble monument is standing 
 to his memory. 
 
 Francis Godwin, D. D. was promoted from the See of Landaff to that of 
 Hereford in 1617. He is distinguished by his valuable u Catalogue of the 
 Bishops of England,” which was first printed in Latin in 1601. In his 
 own account of himself under Landaff he says he was “ Subdean of Exeter, 
 
BISHOP GODWIN.—A. D. 1617—1633. 
 
 31 
 
 son of Thomas Godwin, sometimes Bishop of Bath and Wells, born 
 at Hansington, Northamptonshire; collected and writ the Catalogue of 
 Bishops in 1600, which now this year, 1614, he hath augmented.” An 
 edition in English was printed in 1605, forming a small quarto, but thick 
 volume of seven hundred pages. Another edition, in Latin, was published 
 in 1616; and an enlarged edition, with many additions, was published in a 
 large folio volume by William Richardson, 1743. This was printed under 
 the title of “ De Praesulibus Anglim Commentarius,” &c. Bishop Nicholson, 
 in his valuable “ Historical Library,” fol. 1736, says that two English 
 editions “ were equally full of the author’s and printer’s mistakes. The 
 faults of the latter edition were so very gross that they put him upon the 
 speedy dispatch of another in Latin, the style of which is neat and clear.” 
 Both Nicholson, and Wharton in “Anglia Sacra,” accuses Godwin of quoting 
 from authors without acknowledgment—of being guilty of chronological 
 mistakes—of reliance on counterfeit charters—an uncertain calculation of 
 years—and giving “ false and imperfect catalogues in almost every diocess.” 
 Warton indeed assures us that he made better progress in eighteen months 
 than Godwin had done in twenty years. Peter Le Neve, Thomas Baker, 
 Fleetwood, Gough, &c. made many additions and corrections to Godwin’s work, 
 copies of most of whose notes are inserted in the Catalogue in my possession. 
 Godwin was also author of some other works; among which may be named 
 The Life and Reign of Mary, Queen of England, published in Rennet’s 
 Collection, vol. ii.; The Man in the Moon, or a Discourse of a Voyage 
 thither, by Domingo Gonzales, 8vo. 1638, several times reprinted; Annales 
 Rerum Anglicarum Henrico VIII. Edwardo VI. et Maria Regnantibus, 
 fol. 1616, and 4to. 1628. This was translated by his son, Morgan Godwin, 
 and published in fol. 1630 and 1676, under the title of Annals of England. 
 Browne Willis does not give a very favourable account of our Bishop, 
 saying “ he was a great symonist, nothing is reported to have fell in his 
 gift but what he sold or disposed of in regard to some son or daughter; 
 but this practice, I presume, had been so notorious in Queen Elizabeth’s 
 time that it occasioned her aversion to Bishops’ marriages,” &c. Besides 
 the revenues of the See he secured several church perferments. Willis states 
 that he died April, 1633, and was buried in the north transept of this 
 
32 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Cathedral, where an effigy of a Bishop is shewn and ascribed to him; but 
 Duncumb says that he was interred at Whitbourn, “ without any other 
 memorial than his arms, with this enigmatical inscription underneath, Win 
 Godwin all In the register at Whitbourn is an entry of his interment, 
 t( Sepultus fait vicessimo nono Apr ills, 1633.” 
 
 William Juxon, Dean of Worcester, was elected to Hereford, but 
 removed to London before consecration. 
 
 Augustine Lindsell, S. T. P. was advanced from Peterborough to this 
 See in 1633, but resided here not more than eleven months, when he died 
 suddenly in his library, and was buried in his Cathedral. (See History, 
 &c. of Peterborough Cathedral.) 
 
 Matthew W ren, D. I), presided here about one year only, when he was 
 translated to Norwich in 1635, and afterwards to Ely, where he died in 
 1667. (See Bentham’s History of Ely Cathedral). 
 
 Tiieophilus Field, D. 1). succeeded Wren, being advanced from the 
 See of Saint David’s, in December, 1635. He did not live to enjoy this 
 promotion more than six months, when he paid the debt of nature, and was 
 interred against the east wall of the north transept, where a bust, and an 
 inscription commemorate his features and name. 
 
 George Coke, S. T. P. was translated from Bristol to this See on the 
 death of Field. He presided about ten years, and dying in 1646, was 
 interred in the south aile, near the vicar’s cloisters, where his effigy, with a 
 long inscription, remains. After fourteen years vacancy, in consequence of 
 the civil wars, the See was occupied by 
 
 Nicholas Monk, S. T. P. then Provost of Eton College, who was 
 consecrated January 14, 1660. He never visited his diocess, but dying in 
 December, 1661, was buried in St. Edmund’s Chapel, Westminster Abbey. 
 (See Brayley and Neale’s Westminster Abbey, vol. ii.) 
 
 Herbert Croft, S. T. P. was advanced from the Deanery to the 
 Bishopric in January, 1661-2. Willis, and Wood in “ Athenas Oxoniensis,” 
 give a most pleasing account of the conduct and character of this prelate; 
 and praise him particularly for the scrupulous care and zeal he manifested in 
 selecting prebendaries from the clergy who resided within the diocess. 
 This proved highly beneficial, and preserved a sympathy and local interest 
 
BISHOPS IRONSIDE, HUMPHREYS, BISSE, AND HOADLEY.— A. D. 1691—1723. 33 
 
 between the members of the church and the laity. He presided till May 18, 
 1691, when dying, he was interred within the communion rails, where a plain 
 slab covers his grave. 
 
 Gilbert Ironside, D. D. was translated from Bristol to this See on the 
 death of Bishop Croft, and died in London in 1701, where he was buried 
 in the Church of St. Mary le Strand. (See History, &c. of Bristol 
 Cathedral.) 
 
 Humphry Humphreys, D. D. a Welshman, was translated from Bangor 
 to Hereford in 1701, where he presided till November 20, 1712. In the 
 year 1704 he appears to have been engaged in controversy with the mayor 
 and corporation respecting the jurisdiction of the city over “ the Cathedral 
 Church, the church yard, palace, and college of vicars;” when the deputy 
 steward wrote a long letter to the Bishop, endeavouring to shew that this 
 jurisdiction was vested in the city from the time of the foundation of the 
 Bishopric. He died in 1712, and was buried near the altar of the Cathedral. 
 A short memoir is given of this prelate in the Gentleman’s Magazine, 
 December, 1826, by Dr. Meyrick; and a notice of him appears in Wood’s 
 Athen. Oxon. edit. 1820, col. 895, where he is described “ as excellently 
 versed in antiquities.” 
 
 Philip Bisse, D. D. was a liberal but not a very tasteful benefactor to the 
 Cathedral, having erected the present ponderous, gloomy, and inappropriate 
 altar screen. It is related that he expended nearly three thousand pounds 
 in repairs and improvements of the palace. Dying at Hereford, September 6, 
 1721, he was buried near the altar of the Cathedral, where a massive and 
 ostentatious monument is raised to his memory. 
 
 Benjamin Hoadley, D. D. who succeeded Bishop Bisse, and presided 
 here from 1721 to 1723, is distinguished in the literary, polemical, and 
 political annals of his time as a man of great abilities and sound principles. 
 He was soon promoted to Salisbury, and thence advanced to Winchester, 
 in the accounts of both of which Cathedrals I have had occasion to record 
 some particulars of this eminent prelate. In consequence of espousing 
 opinions too liberal and benevolent for the age, he was violently and 
 vindictively opposed by those who could not bear the sunshine of true 
 
 p 
 
34 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 philosophy and good sense. According to his own language, “ fury seemed 
 to be let loose upon him.” An account of his life, with a list of his literary 
 works, is inserted in the supplement to the “ Biographia Britannica.” 
 
 Henry Egerton, D. D. fifth son of the third Earl of Bridgewater, was 
 promoted to this See in 1724, and presided over it twenty-two years. The 
 only memorable event connected with his character and prelacy was the 
 demolition of a very curious antient chapel connected with the palace, which 
 the Bishop and some of the chapter pronounced to be ruinous and useless. 
 After expending above fifty pounds in taking down the venerable and 
 interesting building, they relinquished for a time their silly and useless task : 
 whereas the sum of about twenty pounds, properly employed, would have 
 been sufficient to uphold and preserve it. By direction of the Society of 
 Antiquaries of London, a plan, and an elevation of the front of it were drawn 
 and engraved, but not sufficiently well executed to furnish an accurate repre¬ 
 sentation of its architectural peculiarities. In Gough’s edition of Camden’s 
 Britannia, voh ii. the same prints are badly copied. In an account from 
 Hereford, dated September, 1737, it is stated that “ they are pulling down 
 the venerable Gothic chapel belonging to the Bishop’s palace, in order to 
 erect a more jiolite and neat pile in the present taste.” It is related that the 
 entrance door-way"was semicircular, with at least ten receding mouldings, 
 springing from as many columns, on each side ; and if so, it must have sur¬ 
 passed the noble south porch of Malmesbury Abbey Church. The building 
 was nearly square, with an arched roof, sustained on two pillars, and covered 
 with stone, similar to some early buildings in Normandy. 
 
 The Hon. and Rev. Lord James Beauclerk, eighth son of the Duke of 
 St. Alban’s, who was a natural son of Charles II. by Eleanor Gwynn, was 
 advanced to this See June 26, 1746, and presided here for the unusual 
 space of forty-one years. He is described as resembling his grandfather in 
 person, and as being very affable in manners; but though he reigned over 
 his provincial diocess so long, we do not hear ot any great or good works 
 that he performed, excepting the publication of a letter to his clergy. Dying 
 in October, 1787, in the seventy-seventh year of his age, he was interred in 
 the Cathedral, near the altar, where a marble slab covers his grave. 
 
BISHOPS HARLEY, BUTLER, CORNEWALL, ETC.—A. D. 1787—1831. 35 
 
 The Hon. and Rev. John Harley, D. D. third son of Edward Harley, 
 third Earl of Oxford, was next advanced from the deanery of Windsor to 
 this See, and died in six weeks after his consecration. 
 
 John Butler, D. D. a native of Hamburgh, was a popular preacher 
 in London, an able political writer, and an effective assistant to Lord 
 North and his administration, in vindicating the unwise and impolitic 
 American war. He was consequently soon and handsomely rewarded by 
 church preferments. In 1777 he was promoted to the See of Oxford, 
 although he had never taken a degree in either of the English Universities. 
 Hence he was not very cordially received in that city; but in 1788 he was 
 translated to Hereford, where he presided till his death, in 1802. During 
 his prelacy he built the present Chapel of the palace, and liberally contributed 
 towards the rebuilding the west end of the Cathedral Church. 
 
 Folliott Herbert Walker Cornewall, D. D. a fellow of St. John’s 
 College, Cambridge, and Dean of Canterbury, was advanced to the See 
 of Bristol in 1797, and thence translated to Hereford in 1803, where he 
 remained only five years, when he was advanced to Worcester, over which 
 diocess his lordship continues to preside. 
 
 John Luxmore, D. D. was made Dean of Gloucester in 1800, Bishop of 
 Bristol in 1807, and thence translated to Hereford in 1808. Here his 
 lordship presided till 1815, when he was removed to St. Asaph. During 
 his stay here, his lordship was actively and honourably employed in promoting 
 the establishment of national schools in the Diocess. 
 
 George Isaac Huntingford, D. D. the present much respected and 
 venerable Bishop of Hereford was translated from Gloucester to this See in 
 1815. He was made warden of Winchester College in 1789, and by the 
 statutes of that College is obliged to reside there the greater part of the 
 year, whereby Hereford is deprived of the advantage of the good prelate’s 
 long continued presence. Bishop Huntingford is author of several classical 
 and religious works, of a learned and useful character; a list of which is 
 printed in Watts’s “ Bibliotheca Britannica.” 
 
36 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 mm> m, 
 
 HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH, WITH 
 REFERENCES TO THE ACCOMPANYING ENGRAVINGS. 
 
 The Cathedral Church of Hereford is one of those truly interesting’ edifices 
 of the olden times, which exhibits in its present features, and involves in its 
 associations, many facts and considerations of deep import in the history of 
 Christian Architecture, and in the annals of the country. If, by comparison, 
 it be not equal to the metropolitan churches of York and Canterbury, or the 
 grand minsters of Lincoln, Durham, or Wells, we shall find that it presents 
 some architectural parts and designs very different to any thing in either of 
 those justly famed buildings. It furnishes some links in the history of 
 architecture; and contains singularities which cannot fail to arrest the 
 attention and excite the curiosity of the antiquary. In the fall and rebuilding 
 of the western end, in recent times, it affords subject for speculation and 
 comment to the architectural critic. Browne Willis notices it as containing 
 more monuments to Bishops, Deans, &c. than any other English cathedral, 
 some of which are certainly peculiar in situation, forms, and adornment. 
 
 Whatever may have been the primary style, design, and character of the 
 building, or whether it was ever completed in one style, and according to 
 one design, it is now impossible to ascertain and exemplify. At present it 
 presents a variety of heterogeneous and discordant parts; some of which 
 are old, and of uncontaminated Anglo-Norman design and workmanship; but 
 it will not be easy to prove any part to be truly Saxonic. It contains some 
 specimens of the lancet, or first pointed style, another part of almost unique 
 character with triangular arches, &c .; and we also trace the second and 
 third grades, or eras, of the pointed class of architecture. In the monu¬ 
 mental chapels of Bishops Stanbury and Audley, we see a florid character 
 of decoration, as also in another specimen of elaborate execution in the 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Measured 8t Drawn, ~by 'LH.Clarke.&C.Hacker. 1829. 
 
 Engraved by R.Roofe. 
 
 M3E3IUE 3?(S>1E3E) <DATM2EE>mJ£L 0 
 
 I?jLAITJPTLA1TS OF jRAJMPSp-BEFBlUBKCTBS TO MONUMENTS, &C 
 
 London. RubLs/ied. March J. 1830; by Longman £r C?FcUernosCer Row. 
 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 37 
 
 north porch, raised by Bishop Booth. The organ and altar screens, with 
 the new western end, and other additions and repairs made by the late 
 Mr. James Wyatt, are so many sad defects, and tasteless members of 
 the edifice, which cannot fail to give painful sensations to the critical 
 architectural antiquary. Whilst the genuine works of the Catholic builders 
 manifest consummate science, and untrammeled fancy, most of the modern 
 works, by provincial carpenters and masons, or professional architects, are 
 inappropriate and discordant, insipid and offensive. Some writers, however, 
 have vindicated and praised them; but the late Mr. John Carter, and 
 Mr. Gough, in the Gentleman’s Magazine, and one or two other real lovers 
 of art, have properly and severely reprobated them. 
 
 Aided by the series of engraved plans, elevations, sections, and views of 
 the building which accompany these pages, I hope to furnish the reader 
 with such representations of its better parts as will enable him to understand 
 and appreciate the whole, as well as the details. The modern works are not 
 otherwise shewn in these engravings than in the Ground Plan, Plate i. 
 which marks that of the west end at b, and the organ screen, separating 
 the nave from the choir. By this plan, the arrangement, extent, and 
 subdivisions of the whole edifice are indicated, as they appear on the 
 ground. Walls, pillars, buttresses, door-ways, and windows, as well as the 
 open or covered areas between the walls, are thus shewn. The darkest 
 colour is intended to represent the oldest part of the edifice, whilst later and 
 subordinate portions are marked by lighter tints. As intimated by this plan, 
 the whole Church consists of a north double porch, a and b ; a nave, e, with 
 its two ailes, c and d ; a south transept, f, and north, g, with an aile to the 
 east, j ; a space beneath the central tower, forming part of the choir, h ; a 
 north aile, k, a south one, m ; a chancel, or altar end, at l ; a north east 
 transept at n, consisting of two ailes of equal height and character, and 
 another to the south, at p; a space behind the altar, forming a sort of 
 vestibule to the Lady Chapel, at o; whilst q and r. shew the extent and 
 form of the Lady Chapel ; at s is a chantry, or monumental chapel for 
 Bishop Audley; t is an entrance porch, covering an exterior flight of steps 
 to the crypt beneath the Lady Chapel, a plan of which is represented atu; at 
 
38 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 v and w are very old parts of the building appropriated to the modern vestry, 
 &c.; x is the cloister, commonly called the Bishop’s cloister, to distinguish 
 it from another, at i and j, connected with the vicar’s college, k and 1. At z 
 is the site of the western walk of the cloister, which was taken down about 
 1760, and a large pile of brick building, of most unsightly and unmeaning 
 character, raised in its stead, and appropriated to the Grammar School, and 
 to the triennial meeting of the three choirs k The small letters in the Plan 
 refer to subordinate parts of the Cathedral, whilst the figures point out the 
 most material monuments, and which will be noticed in subsequent pages 
 of this volume.—a, original western entrance, which consisted of an Anglo- 
 Norman semicircular arched door-way, with several mouldings, and at least 
 four columns on each side. There were two small lateral door-ways to 
 the ailes. b, modern central western entrance, with two small door-ways to 
 the ailes; c, font; d, vestibule from the cloister to the Chapter House, 
 which has been taken down, excepting the lower part of the wall at e, 
 marked dark. The form of this Chapter House is indicated by dotted lines, 
 as also the groining of its roof, which was supported by a clustered column in 
 the centre; f, stair-case in a circular tower at the eastern angle of the north 
 transept; g, entrance to Bishop Stanbury’s chapel ; h, open area; i, j, k, 
 and 1, have been already noticed; m, stairs to a room over the inner north 
 porch ; n, stairs to the roof of the north transept, tower, &c.; o, a buttress, 
 having a door-way in it, the lintel of which has an inscription and shields of 
 anus belonging to Bishop Booth ; p, stairs in the angular turretted buttress to 
 a room over Bishop Booth’s porch ; q q, plan of one of the mullions, or piers, 
 with several shafts attached, between two windows on the north side of the 
 Lady Chapel, an elevation of which is given in Plate viii. ; r r r, plan of a 
 clustered column in the north transept, also profile of the base mouldings; 
 s s, plan of pier, or mullion, between the windows at the east end of the 
 Lady Chapel, with the detached clustered column. See the elevation, 
 section, &c. of the same in Plate viii. d. — Such are the divisions and parts 
 
 1 In the “ History, &c. of Worcester Cathedral,” will be found a short account of the origin 
 and intention of the “ three choirs ,” as constituting a part of the history of the Cathedrals of 
 Gloucester, Hereford, and Worcester. 
 
HISTORY, DATES, AND STYLES OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 39 
 
 intimated by the Plan, excepting the small figures, which are placed near 
 the monuments of persons of some note : these will be separately referred to 
 after a few remarks are made respecting the ages, &c. of different portions 
 of the building. 
 
 The history of an antient edifice, consisting, as that of Hereford does, ot 
 several parts, and those of distinct and distant eras of execution, and more 
 especially where contemporary records are wanting, can never be clearly 
 and satisfactorily elucidated. Hence persons of different sentiments, and of 
 varied degrees of information, will be likely to form different opinions, and 
 hence also theories will be substituted for facts. Many minds, indeed, 
 delight more in theory than in genuine history, because the one is self- 
 created, and the other springs from ratiocination arid deep investigation. 
 When we reflect on the very imperfect and slight information that has 
 been transmitted to us respecting the extent and characteristic features of 
 the churches that have successively been built, or altered, at Hereford, it is 
 not surprising that contradictory inferences have been drawn by those who 
 have directed their attention to the subject, or that we should still be left in 
 doubt and darkness. The previous pages contain some notices respecting 
 the first planting of a See at Hereford, and of its successive Prelates, with 
 allusions to the churches that were built as the head of the diocess. 
 
 The dates and styles of the different parts of the present edifice are 
 proper subjects of inquiry for the architectural antiquary, as they constitute 
 material points in its history; but deprived of documental evidence, he 
 proceeds without proof, and can never arrive at demonstration. Whilst 
 one writer contends that a large part of it is of the Anglo-Saxon age, others 
 will not allow any portion to be anterior to the Norman conquest. If we 
 cannot settle this difference of opinion, we may briefly notice the eras when 
 new works are said to have been commenced, or were in progress, and then 
 endeavour to ascertain whether such dates are likely to exemplify the parts 
 of the building to which they respectively refer. Although Bishop Putta is 
 said to have been seated here as early as a. d. 676, there is not any account 
 of a Cathedral having been raised before 825, when, it is generally agreed, 
 that Milfred, a Viceroy to Egbert, King of Mercia, constructed a new 
 
40 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 building for that express purpose. The extent, materials, and architectural 
 character of that Church are not known ; though one of the old chroniclers 
 calls it u lapidea structural (See ante, p. 4.) It appears, however, that in 
 less than two centuries afterwards it was so much decayed, or dilapidated, 
 that Bishop Athelstan, who was promoted to the See in 1012, commenced 
 an entirely new edifice : but the style and nature of that are not more 
 defined by the chroniclers than those of the former Church. Very shortly 
 afterwards the Welsh, under Algar, Earl of Chester, and Griffin, King or 
 Prince of Wales, besieged the city of Hereford, u burnt it utterly, and the 
 large Minster also, which the worthy Bishop Athelstan had caused to be 
 built.” This is the account of the Saxon Chronicle (see ante, p. 5); and 
 the Chronicles of Mailros, of Simon of Durham, and of Roger Hovedon 
 concur, with trilling variations, in the same statement. As the corpse of 
 Athelstan was interred, in February, 1055, in the Church which he had 
 “ built from the foundations,” it may be inferred that the edifice was 
 not wholly destroyed by the Welsh: but how much, and what remained, 
 when Lozing was promoted to the See by the new Norman king, is not 
 defined by any historian. It is said to have remained in ruins from 1055 till 
 the year 1079. Following the fashion of the times, and in the spirit of other 
 Norman Bishops, Lozing soon commenced rebuilding the Cathedral 2 ; and 
 it is related that he directed it to be raised in imitation of a famed church 
 which had been built by Charlemagne, at Aixda-Chapelle, between 774 and 
 795 3 . This, however, is one of the traditions which can neither be confirmed 
 nor confuted; though when we know that the church referred to was partly 
 made up of genuine Roman columns and other materials conveyed from 
 Rome and Ravenna, we are not disposed to place much credit in the story. 
 Besides, the architecture of Lozing’s Choir, &c. is quite in unison with the 
 prevalent works of his own age, and has little similarity to those of the 
 
 2 Bishops Walkelyn, at Winchester, Gundulph, at Bochester, Lozing, at Norwich, Carilepho, 
 at Durham, all Normans, built large and fine churches at their respective Sees. 
 
 3 See Gunn’s “ Inquiry,” p. 90; Whittington’s “ Historical Survey,” p. 32; and Paulus 
 JBmylius’s “ Lite ot Charlemagne.” In llearne and Byrne’s “ Antiquities,” Lozing is said to 
 have copied from a work of the Emperor Charles V. who lived some centuries after the Bishop!! 
 
DATES OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 41 
 
 Romans, or the Italians of the eighth century. How far he proceeded with 
 his building we are not informed; but Bishop Raynelm, who presided here 
 from 1107 to 1115, is reported to have completed the new Church. If, 
 however, that prelate did finish it, many additions and alterations have been 
 subsequently made by other Bishops. The part behind the altar was most 
 likely by De Vere, between 1186 and 1199; the Lady Chapel and its crypt, 
 about 1200; the central tower, by De Breuse, between 1200 and 1215; the 
 north transept by Cantelupe, or soon after his decease; about which time 
 the chapter house, and part of the cloisters were erected ; the ailes of the 
 nave and choir, and the eastern transept, the chantry chapels of Stanbury 
 and Audley, and lastly, the exterior portion of the noith porch, by Bishop 
 Booth: all these constitute so many distinct features and classes of archi¬ 
 tecture in the Church, and it would be gratifying to ascertain the times 
 when, and persons by whom, they were respectively erected. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Garbett published a small volume, in 1827, entitled 
 “ A brief Inquiry into the ancient and present State of Hereford Cathedral,” 
 in which he says, “ there is the best reason for believing that the arches of 
 the choir, the east wall of the south transept, with its side aisle*, also the 
 arches which communicate between the side aisles of the choir and nave, and 
 the great transept, are the remains of Athelstan’s Church; whilst the arcade 
 of the choir, the arches beneath the central tower (but not the piers), with 
 the whole of the Saxon ivork westward, are the additions of Lozing and 
 Raynelm; these prelates having repaired rather than rebuilt the Church.” 
 In another page the learned antiquary says, “ I must persist in regarding 
 Athelstan as the founder of the present Church.” It is rather a curious 
 circumstance that Mr. Wm. Garbett, the well informed and skilful architect 
 
 4 Surely Mr. Garbett must err in calling tbe passage, or corridor, on the east side of the 
 south transept, an aile. According to my plan and examination there were no open arches 
 between the two; and I consider that to be essential to constitute an aile. With all deference 
 to my learned friend, I also think the word side unnecessary in conjunction with aile. Again, 
 how does Mr. G. reconcile himself to the term “ Saxon work,' applied to the architecture 
 of Lozing’s time? If this gentleman’s writings and opinions were not regarded by me as superior 
 in accuracy and technicality to the generality of our architectural critics, I should not make 
 these remarks, and with all deference, now submit them for his candid reconsideration. 
 
 G 
 
42 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 of Winchester, published a similar opinion respecting certain parts of the 
 venerable Cathedral of that city 5 ; and I could not coincide with him then, 
 nor with the Rev. Mr. Garbett now, in their opinions. Still I am aware that 
 both these gentlemen have diligently studied the subject, and have most care¬ 
 fully examined their respective churches; I also admit that the architectural 
 parts alluded to by each as being Saxon are of inferior masonry, and plainer 
 and less adorned than the other divisions of the churches which are admitted 
 to be truly Norman. With such persons, and with such arguments as they 
 adduce, I most reluctantly, and even with some degree of self suspicion, 
 differ. Still I own that I cannot adduce proofs; and therefore have merely 
 to urge my own opinion against theirs. It is, however, founded on a very 
 extensive, and I may say a fastidious examination of numerous churches in 
 this country, with the histories of each, and also a diligent study of the 
 history and characteristics of antient churches at Caen, and other parts of 
 Normandy °. It would occupy too much of the present work to enter fully 
 into the argument, in order to substantiate or justify my opinion, and must 
 therefore refer the reader, who may be curious on the subject, to the volume 
 on Winchester Cathedral already noticed. 
 
 By an examination of the accompanying engravings, and a more particular 
 description of some of the parts referred to, we shall become more familiar 
 with their characteristic details, and be thus enabled, perhaps, to develope 
 something of their history. 
 
 The principal exterior architectural forms and features of the building 
 are represented in Plates ii. iii. vi. and vn. in all of which the central tower 
 is shewn. In Plate x. one compartment of the choir and aile, with Bishop 
 Stanbury’s chapel, is delineated, in elevation. 
 
 Plate ii. view of the Church from the north-west, displays four windows 
 and four buttresses, with the parapet of the north aile of the nave, also the 
 
 A long letter of Mr. Garbett’s is published in my “ History, Sfc. of Winchester Cathedral,'’ 
 and I refer to it with great satisfaction as containing much valuable information respecting the 
 ages and styles of different parts of that most interesting church. 
 
 6 For accounts and illustrations of the architecture of these churches, the reader is referred to 
 the “ Architectural Antiquities of Normandy,” by A. Pugin and J. Britton, *2 vols. 4to. 1828. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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To the REV? H.H.MORGAN. B.E. Canon Residentiary oi the Cathedral. &c.&rc.this plate is inscribed by the 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 london. Published Jum.lJ830.-by JBritton.Burton 
 
 Screec. 
 
EXTERIOR OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 43 
 
 clerestory of the latter, which, with its parapet, roof, and buttresses, were 
 nearly all rebuilt after the fall of the west end: the north porch consisting ot 
 two parts of different styles and dates. The exterior porch is represented 
 to a larger scale in Plate, hi., which displays its front entrance archway with 
 highly enriched spandrils, and two lateral octagonal stair-case turrets, at the 
 angles. These have glazed windows in the upper portions, forming a sort 
 of lanthorn to each. This exterior porch, built by Bishop Booth, and 
 bearing his name, consists of two stories, the lower of which exhibits four 
 wide arches, springing from four piers at the extreme angles, two of which 
 are united with the stair-case turrets, the others with the ends of the old 
 porch. Its upper story, containing an apartment, is sustained on a vaulted 
 and groined roof, and has three large windows, with elaborate tracery. The 
 north transept is externally shewn in Plates ii. hi. and vi. in which the large 
 buttresses, with bevelled angles, tall windows without transoms, and rising 
 nearly the whole height of the building, are conspicuous and characteristic 
 features. In Plate vi. the eastern side of this transept is represented, to 
 which there is an aile, and there is a remarkable architectural circumstance 
 on this side, viz. the windows of the triforium have semicircular arched 
 mouldings, enclosing a window of three lights of lancet shaped arches. 
 Beneath the aile window is a pointed arched door-way, which was probably 
 an original approach to the shrine of Cantelupe. In the angle is a stair-case 
 turret, which is circular at the bottom and polygonal above: and this 
 probably was an access to a private apartment for a monk over the aile of 
 the transept, containing the sainted shrine. The central tower , from this 
 point, is displayed in all its massive proportions, and with its profusion of 
 bead or bulb ornaments. In the present view the angular pinnacles of the 
 parapet are not shewn, but in Plate xi. the lower parts of two of them are 
 delineated, and again in Plate xiv. their general design and forms are 
 represented. When the great repairs and rebuilding of the west end were 
 made, there was a timber and leaded spire placed on the tower, but this was 
 taken down, and a stunted, squat appearance was thus given to the building. 
 In the year 1830 Canon Russell presented a sum of money to the Dean and 
 Chapter to build four appropriate pinnacles at the angles, which if well 
 
44 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 executed will improve the appearance of the tower. The interior character of 
 this tower, the thickness and openings in its walls, the arched flooring of the 
 belfry, &e. are delineated in Plate xi. The original pitch of the roofs of 
 the choir and north aile is indicated in Plate vi. ; that of the nave was 
 formerly of the same height. On that Plate the dressed or panelled parapet 
 of the eastern side of the transept, as originally executed, is also shewn, and 
 makes the modern one to the choir look very poor and insipid. 
 
 In Plate x. is an elevation of one compartment of the exterior of the 
 choir on the north side, shewing two buttresses of the north east transept, 
 part of the Stanbury chapel, a window, parapet and roof of the aile, a 
 clerestory window, with arcade dressings to the wall, and the modern 
 parapet above the whole. The style of architecture in the arcade and 
 window, and also the blank window, or double arch, with two smaller 
 arches within the wall of the clerestory, with the ribbed roof rising above 
 the Norman triforium, claim the particular notice of the antiquary. 
 
 Plate vii. shews the exterior style and architectural features of the east 
 end of the Lady Chapel, with its bold angular buttresses, rising from 
 immense bases, like the frustra of pyramids. The numerous and large base 
 mouldings running round the wall of this building, its tall lancet shaped 
 windows, arcades, and ovolar and lozenge shaped pannels, are so many 
 peculiarities of design in this chapel, which cannot fail of attracting the 
 attention and admiration of the architectural antiquary. On the south side 
 projects the Audley chapel, which has been already referred to. The 
 angular, embattled parapet, at the end, is a clumsy piece of modern 
 masonry. 
 
 The south side of the Church is almost excluded from the examination of 
 the public, being enclosed within the walls of a garden between the Bishop’s 
 and the Vicar’s cloisters, and the enclosed area of the former. 
 
 The Interior architectural features and arrangement of the Church are 
 delineated in the accompanying prints, i. — iv.—v.—vm.—ix.—xi.—xn.— 
 xnr. and xvi. The plan, Plate i. has been already noticed. Plate iv. is 
 an interesting and faithful display of the nave and its ailes, as seen from the 
 south-west angle, after the greater part of the fallen materials had been 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 i 
 
 
 - -s* * 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 ..A 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INTERIOR OF THE CHURCH :-WEST END. 
 
 45 
 
 taken away in the year 1786. My once much esteemed friend and country¬ 
 man, Mr. Hearne, was at Hereford in that year, and with his usual taste 
 and accuracy made the drawing from which the annexed engraving has 
 been copied. It becomes peculiarly valuable in the estimation of the 
 architectural antiquary, from shewing the style and character of the triforium, 
 the clerestory, with its thick wall pierced with a corridor, or passage, its 
 vaulted and ribbed roof, and its ailes, all of which were rebuilt, in a very 
 different, and I must add a very indifferent, style from the designs of the late 
 Mr. James Wyatt, who has unfortunately left other specimens of ill applied 
 and ill designed works in the Cathedrals of Salisbury, Lichfield, and 
 Durham. Without noticing any of the other places, or even referring to 
 the designs of Fonthill Abbey, and the castellated palace at Kew, one in 
 ruins and the other fortunately since taken down, the designs at Hereford 
 are sufficient to impeach the taste or judgment of an architect who could 
 make and recommend them to join to, or combine with, the bold, broad, 
 substantial Norman work of the original nave. That front, however, is not 
 the only or the worst part of the design, but the triforium and clerestory of 
 the nave have pointed arches, with their flimsy columns, poor, mean 
 mouldings, and all the dressings equally insipid, and wholly discordant to 
 the original work. I could no more reconcile myself to have a drawing 
 and engraving made of any part of such building (I will not miscall it 
 architecture) than l could reengrave any of Batty Langley’s “ Gothic,” or 
 the “ Bricklayer s Gothic ” of the present day, which Church Commissioners 
 unfortunately and heedlessly encourage. If a very great saving had been made 
 by adopting the light, pointed style, which Mr. Wyatt designed, both the 
 architect and the Chapter might have partly justified themselves; but when it 
 is notorious that the whole restoration, in conformity to the old work, might 
 have been executed at a less sum than was expended on the present, we can 
 neither palliate nor forgive the tasteless novelties which have been executed. 
 If my respected friend Mr. Garbett reprobates this language as wanting in 
 “ discrimination, and as the effect of prejudice” (see p. ‘20 of his Inquiry), I 
 must tell him that I have here, as upon most other occasions of a controverted 
 nature, and where the subject of architectural design is referrable to any 
 
46 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 maxims of taste, science, or arch geology, endeavoured to analyse and criticise 
 my own opinions before I have committed them to paper. That the clergy 
 knew nothing respecting the dates, styles, and marked features of the 
 circular and pointed architecture of the monastic ages, is readily admitted, 
 and unfortunately the architect was not much better informed; for there were 
 then no correct publications on the subject, and architects and antiquaries 
 had not studied it. Fortunately we live in an age when more correct ideas 
 are prevalent, and when the eyes of the public are opened to better principles. 
 At York, at Winchester, at Peterborough, &c. repairs and alterations have 
 been made in a style and manner, if not wholly unexceptionable, at least 
 commendable. The fall of the western end of Hereford Cathedral is the 
 most remarkable event of modern times in the history of English Cathedrals; 
 whilst the rebuilding of it, we cannot say restoration, is as remarkable for 
 its inconsistent and discordant character. Inigo Jones built a Roman 
 screen, or portico, to the west front of old St. Paul’s, and Sir Christopher 
 Wren built two towers at the west end of the Abbey Church at Westminster, 
 both of which have been justly reprobated by all discriminating critics of the 
 present age. It is equally due to the canons of good taste and Christian 
 architecture to protest against such designs and works as those executed at 
 Hereford, between the years 1786 and 1796, for the work was more than 
 ten years in progress 7 . Mr. Gough, in a letter to the Gentleman’s Magazine, 
 
 7 It is not, perhaps, possible to specify the expenses attending these alterations; but it is 
 stated, in a local publication, that they “ amounted to nearly £.13,000; and about £.2000 more 
 at the same time were appropriated to the general repairs of the central tower and other parts of 
 the fabric: of these sums about £.2000 were subscribed by the Bishop, Dean and Chapter, and 
 other members of the Cathedral; £.5000 by the nobility, gentry, and clergy of the Diocess, and 
 the Bishops and Chapters of other dioceses; and the remaining £.8000 were charged upon the 
 estates of the Church.”—“ Hereford Guide,” edit. 1827, p. 140. The new works and alterations 
 then made are thus specified in the same volume :—“ The total rebuilding of the west front 
 without a tower, the foundations of which were removed fifteen feet inward, and the nave 
 consecjuently was as much shortened ; the arcades and clerestory windows in the upper part of 
 the nave, altered from the circular to the pointed form ; the vaulting of the nave renewed; the 
 roofs of the nave, choir, and transepts flattened ; the spire taken down from the central tower; 
 the battlements raised somewhat higher, and pinnacles with crockets placed at the angles.” At 
 the same time the Cathedral yard was levelled. In the year 1793 the Dean and Chapter 
 
mr. wyatt’s new works, etc. 
 
 47 
 
 1790, indignant at the proceedings at Hereford, says, “ it is partly through 
 the neglect of the Chapters, and partly by the ill management of the 
 architects they employ, that they (the Cathedrals) are falling about our ears.” 
 The lives of sixteen men were placed in danger, and some were killed by 
 the negligence of the influential persons in placing the scaffolding within the 
 nave. Even Mr. Garbett, who is disposed not only to justify but applaud 
 most of the new works in the nave, &c., admits that the “ doors and niches 
 of the west front are poor in themselves, and strikingly at variance with the 
 rest, as to offend at first view; and to excite, from their prominent situation, 
 a prejudice against the whole fabric. Nor is this partial deviation in stvle 
 the only thing to be lamented. The foundation (the church) itself has been 
 so much abridged, that of the four arches which perished with the tower, two 
 only have been rebuilt, and those without the least decorative feature. A 
 change also took place in the interior, for which no reason has been assigned; 
 and which merits unqualified condemnation, viz. raising the pavement so as 
 to conceal the square basement of the pillars, and consequently to diminish 
 the height both of the nave and side aisles. The choir was originally 
 approached by a flight of steps; but these are now done away.” The 
 accompanying engraving shews the original style and finishing of the arches 
 and columns of the nave, the triforium, above, and the clerestory still higher, 
 though it seems that the last may have had its windows inserted subsequent 
 to the first building. The arched roof is also evidently of later architecture 
 than the lower arches, as are the walls, windows, &c. of the ailes. 
 
 The architecture of the original Choir is illustrated by Plate x. where 
 
 appealed to the public, in the Hereford Journal, &c. for additional aid, stating that they had 
 expended all the moneys raised, “the income of their fabric estates, and the further sum of 
 £.4000 raised upon their other estates, to the restoration of the necessary parts of their ancient 
 fabric, that there is still required to complete that object £.3000, which must remain a charge 
 on the Dean and Chapter.” They then call for another subscription, to enable them to make a 
 finishing to the central tower, in place of the destroyed spire, and say that it is estimated at 
 £.1000, towards which they had subscribed among themselves £.347. The remaining sum does 
 not appear to have come in, for the works then executed did not appear to have satisfied many of 
 the former subscribers. Mr. Duncumb states that “ an expenditure of nearly £.20,000 has 
 proved very inadequate to the restoration,” Collections for Herefordshire, &c. vol. i. p. 529. 
 
48 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 vve recognise the style of its strong semicircular arches, between immense 
 piers; also its triforium, of corresponding design, and its clerestory of the 
 first pointed character. There were three of these compartments on each 
 side of the choir, but they are all either partially or wholly filled up by 
 screens, monuments, or walling, and hence the true effect of this part of 
 Lozing’s work is scarcely to be distinguished. This division of the building, 
 including the lofty semicircular arches under the tower, and the arch or 
 arches which originally opened to the Lady Chapel, must have exhibited a 
 fine and solemn example of true Norman architecture. It is also probable 
 that the Lady Chapel, of Lozing’s time, if finished, was terminated semi- 
 circularly, in accordance with the fashion of the age. We may safely infer 
 that the ailes of the choir were executed in a corresponding style, as the 
 terminating arches of the ailes, both to the west and to the east, are precisely 
 like those of the choir. In Plate xiii. one of these arches is shewn, and 
 also the soffit, mouldings, and capitals of the south eastern arch of the choir, 
 as seen in the aile. These prints represent the mouldings round the arch on 
 the choir and aile sides as different in their details, the latter having merely 
 a sort of bead, or torus, whilst the former has several torus and zigzag 
 mouldings. In the triforium, the mouldings, as well as the filling up of the 
 arch and the capitals, are variously enriched with Norman decorations. 
 “ The clerestory range of the choir,” says Mr. Garbett, p. 35, “ consists of an 
 inner and an outer wall, forming an avenue that, prior to the insertion of the 
 great east window, was continued round the extremity. The inner wall is 
 separated by piers into three compartments; each compartment contains 
 two low trefoil arches on the sides, and a high pointed arch in the centre, 
 which is subdivided by a tall clustered column, branching off in the head, 
 and forming two lesser arches. Each pier, which with the arches and 
 arcades is Saxon*, is surmounted by two gothic pediments; and from 
 
 8 The application of the term Saxon to architecture admitted to be executed by the Normans 
 is calculated to mislead the young and uninitiated reader. It may as well be called Homan. A 
 discriminating and critical writer, as Mr. Garbett shews himself in most parts of his clever 
 little volume to be, should be more precise in his language. This gentleman recommends, very 
 urgently, that the choir be enlarged, by taking away the present clumsy altar screen, opening and 
 
NEWTON" DICKOSTSON HAND NEWTON 
 
 Engrave d lyW^Voolnoth. 
 
TOWER AND TRANSEPT. 
 
 49 
 
 between these pediments rises a small clustered column, sustaining the stone 
 vaulting, the groins of which are the same in disposition and number with 
 those of the Lady Chapel.” 
 
 As indicated in the Ground Plan, the arches under the north and south 
 sides of the tower are propped up by square piers at the centre of each, 
 and pieces of masonry, built up against the old piers. The architect, or 
 builder, probably considered some support of this kind to be necessary to 
 sustain the superincumbent weight of the tower; but nothing can be more 
 unsightly and unarchitectural in its character and effect. It is clumsy, 
 tasteless, and bad. If the arches were in danger, why not have constructed 
 screens, similar to those at Salisbury (see View in my Cathedral Antiquities, 
 Salisbury), or as at Canterbury; or with inverted arches, as at Wells. 
 “ Of all plans,” says Mr. Garbett, “ which a country mason could have 
 selected out of numerous blunders, this central pillar is, perhaps, the worst, 
 whether we respect its utter destitution of character, its glaring obtrusiveness, 
 its acknowledged inutility, nay, its tendency to imp air the fabric, by exciting 
 a reaction, and forcing out of the perpendicular the clerestory range of the 
 choir. Nor is this all; for of the four circular arches which communicate 
 between the side ailes of the choir and nave and the transept, one only 
 remains in its original state, the other three having been blocked up, leaving 
 only a small passage way in each; the adjoining arch on either side the choir- 
 lias shared the same fate; and as to the arches above, the present surface of 
 the wall exhibits not a trace of the rich work which lies concealed behind 
 it,” (p. 61 .) 
 
 Of the Transept, we see by the dark colour of the Ground Plan that 
 parts of the wall are old, and part of a lighter shade, intimating a later date. 
 Mr. Garbett contends that the eastern wall of the south transept is a portion 
 of AthelstaiTs Church. Its architectural style of arches, columns, triforium, 
 &c. is shewn in Plate xi. and the plan in Plate i., but if this part of the 
 
 including the Lady Chapel, and terminating it ft the west under the eastern arch of the tower. 
 This suggestion is certainly entitled to the consideration of the Chapter, and with some other 
 improvements, much wanted, may easily, and upon moderate terms, be made, when architects 
 and workmen are found to be skilful, honest, and industrious. 
 
 H 
 
50 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 building be of that prelate’s age, I must conclude that the lower part of 
 the tower, with the smaller arches to the ailes, and the present chapter room, 
 &c. are of the same time. These members of the Church certainly exhibit 
 some dissimilitude of forms and details to the choir and nave, but it is 
 difficult to account for their preservation by the first Norman prelate: for 
 he, like the generality of the Normans, was too ambitious of originality and 
 superiority, as well as too national, to engraft new works upon those of his 
 Anglo-Saxon predecessors. All, however, is left to conjecture,—and my 
 good friend, Mr. Garbett, may indulge freely and fully in his without any 
 fear of having it overruled by incontrovertible evidence. The south end of 
 this transept has a large window, of six lights, inserted, and also another of 
 four lights in the western wall. In the north transept we perceive a style and 
 character of architecture unlike any other part of the building, and, indeed, 
 of very unusual character. It is well defined in Plates xi. and xil, in which 
 the arch mouldings of the open arches of the triforium, and of the windows 
 are represented as being almost triangular, or rather forming two sides of a 
 triangle. They display several mouldings, and, as in the Lady Chapel, are 
 enriched with a sculptured ornament called the dog-tooth. The capitals of 
 the clustered columns are richly foliated. Of this transept Mr. Garbett 
 says, “ The sharp pointed arches opening into the side aisle; their distri¬ 
 bution into multiplied mouldings of the most delicate execution; the arcades 
 immediately above, divided by mullions into lesser arches, and closed in by 
 perforated quatrefoils in circles ; the high pointed and expanded windows, 
 differing only according to their situations, but especially that towards the 
 north, which occupies nearly the whole of the extremity; the dog-tooth 
 quatrefoil and patterns in mosaic, tastefully introduced within the arches, 
 and on the surface of the walls, all preserve the same acute and determined 
 character; with the lofty stone vaulting connecting together the different 
 objects, render this apartment am exquisite specimen of the architectural 
 genius of the twelfth century.” This transept is adorned by a very interesting 
 monument of antient architectural and sculptural design, raised to the 
 memory of Saint Cantelupe, which will be hereafter noticed. It is, however, 
 most lamentably disfigured by numerous pews and seats, appropriated to the 
 
3HL.ME 
 
 * ^ ^ J0KES ' , I ateom . rf 
 
 CAT^MAL -Am^TTirirrog. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EAST TRANSEPT. 
 
 51 
 
 parishioners of St. John the Baptist’s parish, who formerly occupied part of 
 the nave, and who from prescriptive right claim accommodation within the 
 walls of the Cathedral Church. 
 
 Behind the altar, and extending north and south beyond the ailes, as 
 shewn in the plan, is the Eastern Transept, a portion dissimilar in 
 architectural character to any other part of the Church. It consists of two 
 ailes, of the same height and same width, with three columns and two piers 
 extending through the middle, north and south. One of the columns and 
 the piers are now incorporated in a screen and walls enclosing the western 
 end of the Lady Chapel. They are represented in Plate v., which also 
 displays the character of the rib mouldings, the varied and enriched style 
 of the capitals, the height of the vaulting, &c. In this view I have omitted 
 the temporary screen, which is made to till up the two arches at the west end 
 of the Lady Chapel, and thus shut out the whole of that very fine and very 
 interesting apartment. It is not easy to account for the original meaning 
 and appropriation of this eastern transept, nor fcr its union with the Lady 
 Chapel, and the peculiar separation of that from the choir. It was most 
 likely intended to contain four or more chantries or altars under the eastern 
 windows, and might also have been connected with the College, as a 
 cloister or corridor, communicates between that edifice, and the south 
 transept. “ In noticing the architecture of these transepts,” says Mr. Garbett, 
 p. 40, “ their construction must not be overlooked. Although they are in 
 part open from north to south, by means of the avenue which separates the 
 Lady Chapel from the choir, they are, in reality, nothing more than the side 
 aisles of the latter extended into double aisles, having a pillar in the centre 
 for the sustentation of the groined roof; and forming a square apartment 
 at each extremity, lighted by four windows. The head work of the 
 windows on the east side of the south extremity (see Plate xiii.) differs from 
 that of those in the north (see Plate v.), the spandrils formed by the centre 
 and side mullions in the crown of the arch containing each an oblong 
 quatrefoil. The windows towards the south are still more varied.” The 
 same gentleman considers this transept to be of prior date to the ailes of the 
 nave. Connected with, and branching from it, is the Lady Chapel, which 
 may be regarded as the most beautiful specimen of architecture in the whole 
 
52 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Church. The Plan is given in the Ground Plan, which also displays the 
 situations, proportionate openings, and number of its windows; whilst 
 Plates viii. ix. and xvi. will clearly illustrate the general design and style 
 of the interior architecture of this unique apartment. Plate viii. represents 
 one compartment, or severy, of the chapel on the north side, near the east 
 end, with a section through one of the windows at that end. This sectional 
 part shews the thickness of the wall beneath and above the window—the 
 numerous columns and mouldings of the window—the several base mouldings 
 on the outside, the geometrical forms, and mouldings, and clustered columns 
 of the windows on the north side, with the rib mouldings of the arched 
 ceiling, and a monumental niche with a statue, beneath. Above the windows 
 is a quatrefoil panel, enriched with cusps and rosettes. A perspective view 
 of the windows at the south east angle of this chapel is given in Plate xvi. 
 which serves to exemplify more clearly and fully the elaborate enrichments 
 of the architecture. The whole design of the east end, with its five lights, 
 or windows, and circular and ovolar panels above, with section of the 
 vaulted roof over, and floor supported on vaults below, are delineated in 
 Plate ix. This plate also displays the crypt, with its exterior porch and 
 stairs, on the north side, and Audley chapel to the south. The references 
 are, a, stairs; b, crypt, or vault; c, lower part of the Audley chapel ; 
 
 d, upper part, approached by stairs, as indicated on the Ground Plan; 
 
 e, roof to the stairs; f, an altar tomb, marked t in Plan, u ; g, floor of 
 chapel; h, vaulting of the roof; j, section of wall over the window; 
 k, windows, a plan of the pier and pillars of one of which is given in the 
 Ground Plan, s. 
 
 “ The Lady Chapel, both within and without,” remarks Mr. Garbett, 
 “ displays simplicity of outline and beauty of detail. The sides consist of 
 three compartments, separated on the outside by prominent buttresses of an 
 antique kind ; and within side by clustered shafts, with sculptured capitals 
 of human heads and foliage, from whence springs the groined roof. Each 
 compartment contains two long and narrow lights, the receding piers of 
 which are enlivened by slender pillars, which sustain the detached mouldings 
 of the arch above. The east end differs from the sides, as well in respect of 
 design and ornament as of dimensions.” 
 
JHL.l/m. 
 
 H . 
 
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 - ... ( 
 
 I>ra.wn l>y Tho ? H.Clarke. 
 
 Engraved. by G. Gladwin. 
 
 csatbiii. ail• 
 
 BABY CHAFJE.1L - COMPARTMENT, IS, SIDS AT BAST EX'* ID ,W1TM SECT! OH OF THE LETTER. 
 
 (vide Ground Plan.) 
 

 .CATBDSB'RAIL AETUMLQ'UITEE £ 
 
 Measured. & Drawn Ty IB.Clarke - 
 
 J Xe Eeux fc. 
 
 JHIEmiEIFOlRID) (SA^ Mil® MAIL „ 
 
 STE€TXOXT EA.ST JE1TO. T. A Ti> ~r CEIAZFEX &• DKYFT XOOEIXT'G' JEiLST - 
 
 To EDWARD HAYCOCK ES QPriRCBITECT: Sbxewslymy, this plate is inscribed as a mark of esteem Ty tike 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
 Printed, \v Permit Sc 
 
 Zcrvdcn FubTPslieitl!rci'.12S3C :by Jprvjman/ & C?Pztcmo<ft&'Bon‘. 
 
SAE. ANWQif TfnrTnr . 5 
 
 "WfLBartLett del 
 
 ’ of Jfnlrne XacevPajik .Hgrefardshtre, this 
 
 SIR EDWIN" SCniiAMOHE STANHOEE 
 
CLOISTERS, CHAPTER HOUSE. 
 
 53 
 
 From this brief account of the interior of the Lady Chapel, and from the 
 engravings, a stranger, and an admirer of Christian architecture, will lament 
 to learn that this fine room is filled and lumbered with old bookcases, and 
 that its walls, columns, windows, and mouldings are obscured and smeared 
 over with repeated coats of whitewash. Whilst many thousands of pounds 
 were so tastelessly expended in building a west front, and the upper part of 
 the nave, every lover of architecture must deplore the present neglected and 
 dilapidated state of this chapel. Five or six hundred pounds, judiciously 
 expended, would protect it from further injury, and remove all its disfigure¬ 
 ments ; but I can almost excuse the Chapter from commencing architectural 
 repairs, after they have paid so dearly for experience, and suffered so 
 severely from the consequent tax on its income. 
 
 In addition to what has been said of the Church generally and particularly, 
 it will be proper to notice some architectural objects belonging to, or 
 materially connected with it. These are the cloisters, the chapter house, the 
 vestry, and the font. The first, commonly called die Bishop’s Cloisters, to 
 distinguish them from another cloister belonging to the college, consists at 
 present of only two walks, or covered corridors, that to the west having- 
 been taken down to make room for a warehouse-looking pile of brick 
 building appropriated to the grammar school. It does not appear that it 
 ever had a walk on the north side against the Church. Between a continued 
 series of buttresses are windows of large dimensions, with mullions and 
 tracery. The vaulting of the roof is adorned with numerous ribbed mouldings, 
 as indicated in the Ground Plan at x, at the intersections of which are 
 shields, charged with sculptured figures, foliage, arms, &c. These ribs 
 spring from slender pillars between the windows, and corbels heads on the 
 other side. The entrance door-way to the Chapter House, from the east 
 walk, still remains, but is walled up. It consists of a pointed arch, under a 
 lofty, richly ornamented pedimental moulding, having clustered shafts on the 
 sides, with foliated capitals. In the centre is a slender pillar, dividing the 
 arch-way into two smaller openings. The once elegant chapter room, to 
 which this door-way communicated, has fallen beneath the fanatic frenzy 
 of the Cromwellian soldiers, and the injudicious zeal of Bishop Bisse, who 
 carried away many materials to assist in repairing the adjoining palace. 
 
54 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 “ A structure so elegant, and withal so necessary an appendage to a 
 Cathedral Church,” remarks Mr. Garbett, “ was assuredly entitled to a 
 better fate than it unhappily met with from opposite parties, who, as we see, 
 anticipate by a rude despoliation the natural date of its decay and ruin.” 
 This Chapter House appears from its small remains to have been decagonal 
 in plan; and though its lower division shews the architecture of the end of 
 the thirteenth century, the upper part was as late as the reign of Henry VI. 
 Part of the vestibule is built up in a modern house, and three sides of the 
 lower division remain in ruins. 
 
 Near the west end of the Cathedral Church, placed in its south aile, is 
 an ancient Font, which consists of one piece of stone, cut into a sort of half 
 globe, hollowed within, and adorned with sculpture on the exterior surface. 
 Beneath so many semicircular arcades are figures of the twelve apostles. 
 Round the rim is the Roman key ornament, the columns are twisted, and 
 the whole rests on four lions. In this part of the design it resembles some 
 of the architectural tombs of the Lombards. 
 
 The present Chapter Room, or vestry, marked w, in the Ground Plan, is 
 an ancient part of the edifice. Within it is preserved an old Map of the 
 world, which has long been regarded as a curiosity among antiquaries. The 
 late Mr. Carter made a drawing of that portion called Great Britain, which 
 was engraved for Gough’s “ British Topography,” wherein that zealous 
 antiquary has printed some remarks on its age and character. Strange to 
 say, the former members of the Chapter refused to allow any person to 
 copy it for publication, and also neglected to furnish the public with any 
 representation, or account of it. A better and more liberal feeling has 
 operated on the present Chapter, who have allowed the map to be sent to 
 London to be copied for the use of the “ Royal Geographical Society.” By 
 a learned member of this very useful institution, I have reason to believe 
 (being one of its council) that a memoir on, and engraving of this very 
 curious specimen of early map drawing will be speedily published. Expecting 
 this, 1 forbear to make further remarks here, as the subject is calculated to 
 furnish an interesting topic for disquisition, and a few r observations would 
 neither be satisfactory nor do justice to the map. 
 
55 
 
 €Dap* ffi. 
 
 SOME ACCOUNT OF THE MOST INTERESTING MONUMENTS, AND NOTICES OF DISTIN¬ 
 GUISHED PERSONS INTERRED WITHIN THE CHURCH. 
 
 It has been already remarked that the Church, which we are now reviewing, 
 contains more monuments of Bishops, Deans, &c. than perhaps any other 
 Cathedral in England. The “ Hereford Guide” tells us that it is the 
 burial place of at least thirty-four prelates, the sites of whose interments 
 have been ascertained, and of one other, John Le Briton, whose place of 
 sepulture is unknown. John Tyler, Bishop of LandafF, and Dean of this 
 Cathedral, was interred here, and many other persons of eminence have 
 been buried within the walls: but the sepulchral memorials of several have 
 been destroyed, and others much mutilated. It is asserted in the “ Guide,” 
 that when the Parliamentary soldiers occupied the city, in 1645, no less 
 than one hundred and seventy brasses were taken away, and several of the 
 monuments mutilated and defaced, but marks of some of them still remain '. 
 Several brasses were likewise displaced when the Cathedral underwent its 
 extensive repairs, subsequent to the fall of the west end in 1786, and no 
 less than two tons weight was sold to a brazier. 
 
 1 Though Hereford suffered materially in those barbarous, fanatical, psalm-singing wars, it 
 is particularly noted for its loyalty. On the restoration of its privileges by Charles II. its motto 
 was, “ Invictce fidelitatis prcemium.” And Phillips, the encomiast of Herefordshire Cider, 
 says, 
 
 “Yet the cider land unstained with guilt; 
 
 The cider land, obsequious still to thrones, 
 
 Abhorr’d such base disloyal deeds, and all 
 Her pruning-hooks extended into swords, 
 
 Undaunted to assist the trampled right 
 Of monarchy.” 
 
56 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 In the present volume I propose to take notice of the most material still 
 remaining in the Church, and point out their respective situations by 
 references to the Ground Plan. 
 
 In the south aile of the nave, beneath one of the windows (No. 1), is a 
 tomb to the memory of Sir Richard Pembridge, Knight of the Garter, who 
 died in 1375. On an altar-shaped monument is an effigy of the deceased, 
 and on the sides and end are seven shields, charged with his arms, &c.: it 
 was removed to this place from the Grey Friars monastery. East of this, 
 under a pointed arch in the wall (No. 2), is a stone effigy, erroneously said to 
 represent Bishop Athelstan ; and near it, at No. 3, is another niche, with 
 the remnant of a tomb, ascribed to Bishop Walter, and noted in the Guide 
 as “ the most ancient monument in the Cathedral.” 
 
 Inserted in the wall of the north aile of the nave (No. 4) is a handsome 
 monument to Bishop Booth, whose effigy rests on an altar tomb, pontifically 
 robed, which was painted and gilt; there are two angels seated at the head 
 of the statue. Attached to the sides of the tomb, and in the spandrils of 
 the arch, are twelve shields of arms; viz. those of Ethelbert, the See, the 
 Deanery, Booth’s. This monument was painted and gilt, and is adorned 
 with an ogee arch, having bold and rich crockets, and an elaborate finial. 
 
 Following the order of numbers on the Plan, we next examine the 
 sepulchral memorials in the north transept, called St. Catherine’s aile : 
 No. 5 points out the situation of an old monument inserted in the wall, 
 which is represented in Plate xii. It consists of an arched recess, and 
 contains a coffin-shaped tomb, supporting the effigy of a Bishop in pontifical 
 robes. This commemorates Thomas Charlton. A view of it is engraved in 
 Gough’s “ Sepulchral Monuments,” vol. i. p. 97. In the eastern aile of this 
 transept is the most interesting antient tomb, or rather shrine, in the Church. 
 It is said to enclose the bones, or certain relics of the sainted Gantelupe, of 
 whom we have already recorded some particulars. The annexed engraving, 
 Plate xiv., supersedes the necessity of description, excepting to remark that 
 one side of the shrine, with its six niches and mail-clad knights, is enclosed 
 by a pew, and thus shut out from sight. The execution of the sculpture, in 
 the armour and the varied attitudes of the figures, and the animals under 
 
MONUMENTS. 
 
 57 
 
 their feet, the foliage in the spandrels of the arches, and the capitals of the 
 columns are all beautiful and admirable. In the diversified expression and 
 character of the figures, and the fancy displayed in the whole design, we 
 recognise the hand of a skilful and experienced artist: and had this relic of 
 monastic superstition been met with among the ruins of some classical 
 building of Italy, its beauties would have been proclaimed by all the 
 connoisseurs and cognoscenti of that famed country. It has been already 
 remarked that the shrine was made, and the bones transferred to this spot, 
 about five years after the saint’s decease, and it is probable that the transept 
 was designed and erected at the same time, to give additional effect and 
 importance to the event. Mr. Duncumb describes the tomb of “ freestone,” 
 and Mr. Gough calls it “ red stone;” but I believe that it consists of Purbeck 
 marble, a stone of greyish colour, abounding with shells. It is, however, 
 absurdly coated with white paint, and thereby appears like common board. 
 In Gough’s K Sepulchral Monuments,” vol. i. p. 62, is a short account of 
 this shrine, accompanied by an engraving, from a drawing by Mr. Carter. 
 On a gravestone, in this transept, is a long Latin inscription to the memory 
 of John Philips, author of the poem entitled K Cider,” which was once 
 popular, but is now almost obsolete. He died in February, 1708, at the 
 age of thirty-two. 
 
 Against the north wall is a bust of Bishop Field, under a canopy. 
 Between the ailes of this transept and the choir, is a handsome monument 
 to the memory of Bishop Aquablanca (No. 7). It consists of columns, 
 three open arches, with canopies covering and enclosing an effigy of the 
 prelate. Near this monument, resting on the floor, is an effigy on a coffin 
 tomb, to the memory of Dean Aquablanca, nephew of the Bishop. 
 
 Against the north wall of the north aile of the choir (No. 8), is a 
 monumental memorial ascribed to Bishop Mapenore, with his effigy ; nearly 
 opposite to which (No. 9) is another old monument, said to cover the grave 
 of Bishop Bennet. At 10 is an effigy, on a coffin tomb, for Bishop Clive; 
 near which is a door-way (3) to the once splendid monumental and chantry 
 chapel of Bishop Stanbury. The plan of this is shewn (1) in the Ground 
 Plan, Plate i., and an interior view, with representations of its numerous 
 
58 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 shields, most of which are allusive to our Saviour and to saints, are 
 engraved in Gough’s “ Sepulchral Monuments,” vol. ii. p. 240. At the 
 time Mr. Gough wrote his account, he states that “ this chapel is used as a 
 vestry for the churchwardens, and not shewn by the vergers.” It is now 
 certainly unoccupied, but in a dirty, neglected condition. At the east end 
 was an altar, to the right of which, in a niche of the wall, is a coffin tomb, 
 supporting the effigy of a Bishop, of fine proportions, with a crozier in the 
 left hand. The whole interior of the chapel is covered with tracery and 
 panelling, as is the groined ceiling, which resembles in style that of King’s 
 College Chapel, Cambridge. On the north wall of the choir is a long 
 inscription to Stanbury, whence some have supposed that he was buried 
 near the altar; and Willis thinks that the effigy in the chapel is intended to 
 represent some other Bishop, but this conjecture seems very improbable. 
 At the west end of the chapel are the arms of Canterbury, Hereford, and 
 Stanbury. 
 
 On the outside of this chapel, in the aile (No. 12), is an effigy beneath a 
 pointed niche in the wall, with an inscription to Bishop Lozing, but it is not 
 likely that such a distinguished prelate and builder would have been interred 
 in that situation. Indeed it may be remarked, in this place, that four or 
 five of the effigies of Bishops, with the niches in which they are placed, and 
 the accompanying inscriptions, were apparently all made at one time, and 
 subsequent to the decease of the respective persons. 
 
 Nearly opposite, beneath the eastern arch of this aile, is a very handsome 
 alabaster altar tomb (No. 11), sustaining a beautiful effigy, and adorned with 
 several small statues in niches, all of the same material. This monument is 
 variously ascribed, as it has no inscription to intimate the name of the 
 person for whom it was intended. Willis and Duncumb consider that it 
 belongs to Bishop Stanbury. There are eleven statues on the outside, two 
 at the feet, and the verger states that there are other figures on the side, 
 towards the altar. The shields on them would most likely enable us to 
 appropriate the monument to its proper Bishop. 
 
 In the north side of the eastern transept are two old tombs at 13 and 14, 
 respectively assigned to Bishops Svvinford and Godwin, both much muti- 
 
MONUMENTS. 
 
 59 
 
 lated. Against the eastern wall, at 15, is a large, clumsy monument to 
 Bishop Westfayling, with his effigy reclining on one side. 
 
 The Lady Chapel, now the library, contains some ancient memorials 
 worthy of particular notice. No. 17 is the site of the very curious and 
 interesting monument represented in Plate xv. and generally attributed to a 
 Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford. An effigy of the deceased is placed 
 on a ledge, in a square recess, clad in chain and plate armour, with long 
 spurs, a small helmet, and a dog at his feet. The frame of the tomb is 
 adorned with rosettes and panelled buttresses, with a canopy of open trefoil 
 arched mouldings above, and panelling below. It is surmounted by an open 
 screen of elaborate and exquisite workmanship, in which are two small 
 statues of females, seated, and apparently offering incense. The heads are 
 gone. Duncumb describes two shields of arms as attached to the tomb. 
 In a niche to the east (see Plate vm.) at No. 18, is an effigy of a female, 
 said to be that of the wife of the Earl. There is probably some error in 
 ascribing these monuments to Bohun, Earl of Hereford, and his Countess; 
 for, on referring to the account of that family in Dugdale’s “ Baronage,” 
 I do not find that either of them was buried here, or had any immediate 
 connexion with the Cathedral. The design of the screen of the monument, 
 and of the two effigies, are of different ages. There were eight or nine 
 Humphrey Bohuns. Mr. Gough, in “Sepulchral Monuments,” says that the 
 arms indicate the man to be a Bohun, but not an earl of Hereford. 
 
 At the south-east angle of this chapel (No. 19) is a fragment of a statue, 
 which Mr. Duncumb describes as u a lady wearing a coronet,” but which 
 other antiquaries consider to be that of St. Etiielbert, taken from a pedestal 
 near the high altar, where Bishop Mayo ordered by his will that his own 
 monument should be erected. Against the south wall, near the west end of 
 the chapel, is a monument, in a niche, to Dean Berew, or Borew, whose effigy 
 is placed on a slab beneath a pointed arch. Small figures of boars, with sprigs 
 of rue, are sculptured in a cavetto moulding round the arch. Near this, on 
 the floor, are monumental slabs, with fragments of brasses, &c. which 
 covered the graves of persons who were interred here. (See Figures 38, 
 39, 40, 41, 42.) One of these commemorated Richard de la Marr, and his 
 
60 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 lady, Isabella, who died respectively in 1435 and 1421. Another was to 
 Dean Harold : 1393. 
 
 In the south wing of the eastern transept are the following* monuments 
 (No. 21) —Bishop Lewis Charlton, a mutilated effigy of whom on a dilapi¬ 
 dated tomb, with shields of arms, and an inscription, commemorate his 
 name and sepulture 2 . Near it, at 22, is a large mass of marble and stone, 
 painted, &c. in the bad taste of 1636, to the memory of Bishop Coke. At 
 the southern extremity are tombs to Bishop Lindsell (23), Dean Harvey (24), 
 and Dean Chandler adjoining. 
 
 The south aile of the choir is adorned with a very handsome monument 
 (at 25), to Bishop Mayo, whose effigy, in freestone on an altar tomb of the 
 same, and surmounted by a canopy of unusual and fine design, are repre¬ 
 sented in the annexed engraving (See Plate xm.) The monuments. Nos. 26, 
 27, 30, and 31, are indicated in the Wood Cut in the title page. Beneath 
 four pointed arches, on slabs, are four effigies said to represent Bishops 
 De Vere, Foliot, Betun, and Melun. On the floor is a fine, large, 
 inlaid brass, almost the only relic of the sort in the church, for Dean 
 Frowcester (37). The place of sepulture of Bishop Raynelm is pointed 
 out by No. 28. 
 
 In the south transept are three monuments pointed out by figures 32, 
 33, 34. The first refers to a large altar tomb to Alexander Denton and his 
 lady, whose effigies repose on a slab of alabaster. Willis states that Denton 
 was buried at Hillesdon, in Buckinghamshire, in 1576. 
 
 Beneath the great south window in the wall is a monument to Bishop 
 Trevenant, who most probably rebuilt that end of the church. Against the 
 west wall (No. 34), is a mural slab to the memory of Dean Tyler, who 
 was also Bishop of Landaffi 
 
 The Choir has fifty stalls for the members of the Cathedral, a pulpit, and 
 a throne. Beneath the seats of the stalls are various carvings, some of which 
 are executed with much spirit ; and others distinguished for the grotesque 
 and ludicrous figures represented. The great and inappropriate screen. 
 
 3 A view and account of this tomb are given in Gough’s “ Sep. Mon.” vol. i. PI. xlvii. 
 
BISHOPS’ PALACES. 
 
 61 
 
 which is returned on the north and south sides, has been already noticed. 
 Within the last few years, the east window has been filled with painted 
 glass: being a copy from a picture by Mr. West, of the Last Supper. 
 
 The Choir contains several monuments, some of which are very imposing 
 in materials and workmanship, though not very attractive as objects of art 
 or antiquity. No. 29 is the site of the ponderous mass of marble raised to 
 the memory of Bishop Bisse and the Countess of Plymouth, his lady. 
 When this monument was raised, another for Bishop BPtAOES, with his 
 effigy, was removed to the opposite side of the choir. 
 
 Bishops Butler, Beauclerk, Humphreys, Crofts, and Trellick were 
 interred in the choir, near the altar, where flat stones cover their remains. 
 
 The following Notices of the Palaces of the Bishops of this See are given 
 in Leland’s Itinerary, vol. viii. p. 54, ed. 1744:— 
 
 PALAT1A EP1SCOPI HEREFOllDEM. 
 
 Sugwas a slite Shot, or more, of Wy Ryver on the lifte Ripe of it 2. Miles 
 dim . It stondithe in the Roots of an Hillet, and a Park by it now without 
 Dere. —Colwel Park longed to the Byshope of Hereford by $ Malvern Chace, 
 and a Pece of ^ Mtdvern is the Byshops, fro the Crest of the Hill, as it 
 aperithe by a Dyche. 
 
 j Uosberie x. Miles by North Est from Hereford at the Head of Ledon 
 Reveret, and thereby is a place longginge to Seint John's in London caulled 
 TJpledon. 
 
 Gul. Ver. episcopus , ut patet ex ejus a epitaphio, mult a egregia construxit 
 cedificia. 
 
 Whitburne 7. Miles from Worcester. It is in the very extreme Parte oi 
 Herefordeshire on the righte banke of Temde Ryver. 
 
 3 Malvenn MS. 
 
 ° Epitaphia MS. 
 
62 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Johannes Films Alani, Domiiius de Arundel, cepit Byssops Castell, et 
 constabularium P castri fide data interfecit anno regni 45. Henrici 3. et y inde 
 tenuit pene 6. annis. 
 
 There was a faire Mansion Place for the Byshope at Ledbryi xii. Miles 
 by Est North Est from Hereford, and vii, Myles or more from Rosse. This 
 Hons is all in Ruyne. The convict Prison for the Byshope of Hertford was 
 at Rosse, now at Hereford. 
 
 Rosse at the veri West End of the Paroche Churche Yarde at Rosse, 
 now in clene Ruynes. 
 
 By shops Castle a 23. Miles by North Northe West from Hereford in 
 Shropshire .—It is xn. Miles from Shrowsbirie. 
 
 Prestebyri 5. Miles from Glocester hard by Clife. Ther is a Parke 
 hard by Prestebyri. 
 
 Joannes le Breton episcopus Hereforden. full aliquanto tempore vice- 
 comes Hereford : custos maner: de Abergeveney, et trium castrorum. 
 
 Breton episcopus custos Garderobe domini v - regis. 
 
 Kilpek Castelle a 5. Mils from Hereford by Southe West very nigh 
 Worne Brooke. 
 
 Some Ruines of the Waulls yet stonde. Ther was a Priorie of Blake 
 Monks suppressyd in Thomas Spojford’s Byshope of Herford's time, and 
 clerly united to Glocester. 
 
 a Rege MS. 
 
 ? Cast. MS. 
 
 v In detinuit MS. 
 
63 
 
 A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE 
 
 Utsljops of igereforfc, 
 
 WITH THE CONTEMPORARY KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 BISHOPS. Consecrated or Installed. 
 
 [For the list of Bishops 
 previously to Ethelstan, 
 vide pages 3, 4, 5.] 
 
 Ethelstan. Supp.1012 
 
 Leofgar.. . 
 
 See vacant four years. 
 
 Aldred (in trust). 
 
 Walter of Lorraine. 
 
 Robert Lozing. 
 
 Gerard. 
 
 Roger Lardarius. 
 
 Raynelm, or Raynald.... 
 
 Geoffry de Clive. 
 
 Richard de Capella. 
 
 Robert de Betun. 
 
 Gilbert Foliot. 
 
 Robert de Melun. 
 
 See vacant seven years. 
 
 Robert Foliot. 
 
 William de Vere. 
 
 Egidius, or Giles de ) 
 Bruse, or Braoes .... ( 
 
 Hugh de Mapenore. 
 
 Hugh Foliot. 
 
 Ralph de Maydenstan 
 
 Peter de Aquablanca. 
 
 John Breton, LL.D. 
 
 Thomas Cantelupe. 
 
 Richard de Swinford. 
 
 Adam de Orlton, LL.D... 
 ThomasCharlton,LL.D... 
 
 John Trellick, D. D. 
 
 Lewis Charlton, S.T. P... 
 Wm. Courteney, LL. D... 
 
 John Gilbert. 
 
 John Trevenant. 
 
 Robert Mascall. 
 
 1056 
 
 Con.1060 
 
 Con—Dec. 29, 1079 
 
 .1095 
 
 Not consecrated. 
 (Appointed.. ..1101) 
 (Con. Aug. 30, 11075 
 
 Con.. 
 
 ..Dec. 26 
 
 1115 
 
 Con.. 
 
 .. Jan. 16, 
 
 1121 
 
 Con.. 
 
 .June 19, 
 
 1131 
 
 Con. 
 
 . Sept 5, 
 
 1149 
 
 Con.. 
 
 .Dec. 22, 
 
 1163 2 
 
 Con.. 
 
 
 1174 
 
 Con.. 
 
 
 1186 
 
 Con.. 
 
 . Sept. 24, 
 
 1200 
 
 Con. 
 
 . Dec. 6, 
 
 1216 
 
 Con. 
 
 .. Nov. 1, 
 
 1219 
 
 Con. 
 
 . Nov. 12 
 
 1234 
 
 Con.. 
 
 ..Dec. 23, 
 
 1240 
 
 Con.. 
 
 .. June 3, 
 
 1269 
 
 Con. 
 
 .. Sept. 8 
 
 1275 
 
 Con.. 
 
 .March 7, 
 
 1283 
 
 Con. 
 
 . Sept. 12 
 
 1317 
 
 Con. 
 
 . Oct. 18, 
 
 1327 
 
 Con.. 
 
 . .June 24, 
 
 1344 
 
 Con. 
 
 ..Oct. 25 
 
 1361 
 
 Con. . 
 
 
 1369 
 
 
 .Sept. 12, 
 
 1375 
 
 Con. 
 
 . June 20 
 
 1389 
 
 Con.. 
 
 
 1404 
 
 Died or Translated. 
 
 Buried at 
 
 Died. .Feb. 10,1055 
 
 Hereford 
 
 Killed . June 16,1056 
 
 ( Ethelred II. to 
 i Ed. Confessor. 
 Edw. Confessor. 
 
 S York. 1060 ) 
 
 ( D. Sept. 11,1069 * 
 
 Died.1079 
 
 Died . .June 26, 1095 
 
 ( York.1095 ( 
 
 (Died..1101 > 
 
 York ... 
 
 Hereford 
 
 Hereford 
 
 York 
 
 Died .. Oct. 28, 1115 
 
 Hereford 
 
 Died.. ..Feb. 3,1119 
 Died. .Aug. 15, 1127 
 Died. .April 22, 1148 
 To London .... 1162 
 Died. .March 4, 1167 
 
 Hereford 
 
 Hereford 
 
 Hereford 
 
 Hereford 
 
 (Ed.Con.Harold 
 (II. and Wm. I. 
 
 William I. 
 William I. 
 
 Henry I. 
 
 Henry I. 
 Henry I. 
 Henry I. 
 Stephen. 
 Henry II 
 
 Died .. May 9, 1186 Hereford 
 Died .. Dec. 24, 1199 Hereford 
 
 Died ... Nov. 5, 1215 
 
 Hereford 
 
 Henry II. 
 Henry 11. 
 
 John. 
 
 Died .... April, 1219 
 Died .. July 26, 1234 
 ResignedDec.17,} 
 
 . 1239. \ 
 
 L Died.1244 } 
 
 Died.. Nov. 27, 1268 
 Died .... April, 1275 
 Died..Aug. 25, 1282 
 Died March 15,1316 
 
 Worcester.1327 
 
 Died.. .Jan. 11, 1343 
 
 Died.Feb. 1360 
 
 Died. ..May 23, 1369 
 London Sept. 12,1375 
 St. David’s.... 1389 
 Died .. 1403 or 1404 
 
 Died . .Dec. 22, 1416 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Hereford (supp) . 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Winchester. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Hereford (supp.) 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Maidstone. 
 
 Haverfordwest... 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 (White Friars,( 
 ( London ... . ( 
 
 Henry III. 
 Henry III. 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 Henry III. 
 Henry III. 
 Edward I. 
 Edward I. 
 Edward II. 
 Edward III. 
 Edward III. 
 Edward III. 
 Edward III. 
 Edward III. 
 Richard II. 
 
 Henry IV. 
 
 1 Leland says 1061; Antiq. of Catli. says 1056. 
 
 2 Antiq. of Cath. says Jan. 11,116*2 ; Willis says May 2*2, 11*4. 
 
64 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 BISHOPS. 
 
 Edmund Lacy, D.D. . . 
 Thomas Polton, LL. B.. 
 Thomas Spofford. 
 
 Consecrated or Installed. 
 
 Con.. .April 18, 1417 
 Con. . ..Nov. 9, 1420 
 .Nov. 17, 1422 
 
 Died or Translated. 
 
 S Exeter .... 1420 ) 
 
 X D. May 23, 1455 S 
 ( Chichester 1422 ) 
 
 ( D. Aug. 23,1433j 
 
 Resigned.1448 
 
 Rich. Beauchamp, LL. D. 
 Richard Butler, or Bolers . 
 
 John Stanbury. 
 
 Thomas Milling, S.T. P.. . 
 
 Edmund Audley. 
 
 Con.Feb. 9, 1449 
 
 Con. .. . Feb. 4, 1451 
 Enth.. April 25, 1453 
 App... Aug. 15, 1474 
 ( From Rochester, ) 
 ( Dec. 26, 1492. $ 
 
 Salisbury Aug.l 4,1450 
 Lichfield, &c.... 1453 
 Died .. May 11, 1474 
 
 Died.1492 
 
 S Salisbury .. 1502 ) 
 
 X D.Aug. 23, 1525 S 
 
 Adrian de Castello. 
 
 Richard Mayew, S.T.P... 
 Charles Booth, LL. D. 
 
 Con.1502 
 
 Con.Oct. 1504 
 
 Con... Nov. 30, 1516 
 
 Bath and Wells, 1504 
 Died. .April 18,1516 
 Died ... May 5, 1535 
 
 Edward Fox, S.T.P. 
 
 Edmund Bonner, LL.D... 
 
 John Skyp. 
 
 John Harley. 
 
 Robt. Purfey, or Warton.. 
 
 Thomas Reynolds. 
 
 John Scory, S. T. P. 
 
 Herb. Westfayling, D.D... 
 
 Robert Bennett, D.D. 
 
 Francis Godwin, D.D. 
 
 William Juxon, S. T. P... 
 Augustine Lindsell,S.T.P. 
 
 Matthew Wren, D. D. 
 
 Theophilus Field, D. D.. . 
 
 George Coke. 
 
 See vacant fourteen years. 
 
 Nicholas Monk. 
 
 Herbert Croft. 
 
 Gilbert Ironside, D. D.... 
 
 Humphrey Humphreys, } 
 
 D. D.} 
 
 Philip Bisse, D.D. 
 
 Ben. Hoadley, D.D. 
 
 Hon. II. Egerton, D.D... 
 Lord James Beauclerk.... 
 
 Hon. John Harley, D.D... 
 
 John Butler. 
 
 Foliot Herbert Walker ^ 
 Cornewall, D. D.^ 
 
 John Luxmore, D. D. 
 
 George Isaac Hunting- ) 
 ford, D.D. \ 
 
 Con.. .Sept. 26, 1535 
 
 Elected Nov. 27,1538 
 Con... Nov. 23, 1539 
 Con. .. May 26, 1553 
 
 Con.. .April 24, 1554 
 Not consecrated ..... 
 Con. .. July 20, 1559 
 Con. . .Dec. 12, 1585 
 Con. ... Feb. 20,1602 
 Con... .Nov. 28, 1617 
 l Trans, to London ) 
 
 X before Con. . .. S 
 Con. March 24, 1633 
 
 Con.. .March 8, 1635 
 
 Con... Dec. 23, 1635 
 Con.July 2, 1636 
 
 Con. . . Jan. 13, 1661 
 Con. . . Feb. 9, 1662 
 
 Con. .. July 29, 1691 
 
 Con. .. . Dec. 2, 1701 
 Enth.. Sept. 17, 1713 
 
 Con.1721 
 
 Con. ... Feb. 2,1724 
 Con...June 26,1746 
 
 Con.Nov. 1787 
 
 Con.1788 
 
 Con.Jan. 1803 
 
 Con.July 1808 
 
 Con. ... July 5, 1815 
 
 Died ... May 8, 1538 
 
 $ London.. .. 1539 ) 
 
 X D. Sept. 5, 1569 \ 
 
 Died.1552 
 
 S Deprived .. 1554 } 
 
 X Died.1557 \ 
 
 Died.. Sept. 22, 1557 
 Died . .Nov. 24, 1559 
 Died . .June 26, 1585 
 Died. .March 1, 1601 
 Died .. Oct. 25, 1617 
 Died .... April, 1633 
 
 Died .. Nov. 6, 1634. 
 c Norwich .. 1636 
 
 | Ely. 1638 S 
 
 t D. April 24, 1667 j 
 Died ... June 2,1636 
 Died .. Dec. 10,1646 
 
 Died. .Dec. 17, 1661 
 Died .. May 18, 1691 
 
 Died. .Aug. 27, 1701 
 
 Died . .Nov. 20, 1712 
 
 Died... Sept. 5, 1721 
 
 1 Salisbury.> 
 
 2 Winchester .... *■ 
 
 ( Died.1761 j 
 
 Died.1746 
 
 Died .. Oct. 19, 1787 
 
 Died . .. Jan. 7, 1788 
 Died. .Dec. 10, 1802 
 To Worcester .. 1808 
 
 (, To St. Asaph, } 
 
 X June, 1815 S 
 
 Buried at 
 
 Exeter......... 
 
 Rome. 
 
 ySt. Mary’s Ab-) 
 \ bey, York.. 5 
 
 Salisbury. 
 
 Lichfield. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Westminster.... 
 
 Salisbury. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 IS. Mary Mont-) 
 X halt, Lond...^ 
 \ St. George’s, ( 
 \ Southwark . } 
 London . 
 
 Hereford . 
 
 Whitbourn 
 Hereford .. 
 Hereford .. 
 Whitbourn 
 
 Hereford .. 
 Cambridge 
 Hereford .. 
 
 Westminster.. .. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 \ St. Mary So- } 
 l merset, Lond. j 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Winchester. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 ( Brampton X 
 X Bryan ... j 
 Hereford. 
 
 Kings. 
 
 Henry V. 
 
 Henry V. 
 
 Henry V. 
 
 Henry VI. 
 
 Henry VI. 
 
 Henry VI. 
 Edward IV. 
 
 Henry VII. 
 
 Henry VII. 
 Henry VII. 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 fEdw. VI.&VII. 
 I Mary. 
 
 Mary. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 Elizabeth. 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 James I. 
 
 Charles I. 
 
 Charles I. 
 
 Charles I. 
 Charles I. 
 
 Charles II. 
 Charles II. 
 
 Wm. and Mary. 
 
 William III. 
 Anne. 
 
 George I. 
 
 George I. 
 George II. & III 
 
 George III. 
 George III. 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 George III. 
 
65 
 
 A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE 
 
 of fflen forir* 
 
 WITH BIOGRAPHICAL MEMORANDA. 
 
 The ensuing List of the Names, Dates of Election, &c. of the Deans of Hereford has been derived from the 
 published Accounts in Le Neve’s “ Fasti Ecclesite,” who acknowledges his obligations to Mr. Reynolds, 
 “ sometime Registrary of Hereford,” Willis’s “ Survey of the Cathedrals,” and various miscellaneous works. 
 Though the Author has endeavoured to make it complete and correct, and has attempted to reconcile, or at 
 least improve upon, the lists of each of the authors here specified, he is aware of defects and omissions which 
 he has not the means of remedying. 
 
 No. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 DEANS. 
 
 Ralph 1 . 
 
 Geffrey, or Geoffrey .. . 
 
 Ralph 2 . 
 
 Geffrey, or Geoffrey. ... 
 
 Richard . 
 
 Hugh de Breuse 3 . 
 
 Hugh de Mapenore 4 ... 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Thomas de Bosbury.... 
 Ralph de Maideston 5 ... 
 
 Stephen de Thorne. 
 
 Ancellinus, or Amselm 6 
 
 Giles de Avenbury. 
 
 John de Aquablanca 7 . . 
 Stephen de Ledbury 8 ... 
 Thomas de Trellick 9 . ... 
 William de Birmingham 
 John de Middleton 10 .... 
 
 Elected, &c. 
 
 Held it.1140 
 
 .1150 
 
 .1157 
 
 .1173 
 
 .about 1187 
 
 .1202 
 
 .1203 
 
 Consecrated Jan. 15,1216 
 
 .about 1218 
 
 Elected .. Dec. 14, 1231 
 Elect, about Oct. 28,1234 
 
 .about 1247 
 
 Elected.1271 
 
 .about 1278 
 
 Elected.1320 
 
 Elected .1352 
 
 .1363 
 
 Died or removed. 
 
 Deposed by Bishop Betun. 
 
 Bishop of Hereford.1216 
 
 Died.Sept. 26, 1231 
 
 Bishop of Hereford.1234 
 
 Died ... 13 C. Oct. 1277 or 1278 
 
 Died .1320 
 
 Died .1352 
 
 Dean of St. Paul’s.1363 
 
 Living in.1369 
 
 Deprived.about 1280 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMORANDA OF THE DEANS. 
 
 1 Some writers place John de Middleton as the first Dean, whilst others state that Ralph was constituted by 
 Bishop Betun, who shortly after deposed him. Ang. Sac. vol. ii. p. 312. He appears as witness to Will. Devereux's 
 grant to Croyland in the time of King Stephen. Antiquities of the Cath. 223, and Mon. Anglic. 
 
 2 A second Ralph is given in the lists, but it is not clear that he is a different person to the first Dean. In the 
 Antiquities of Hereford he is described as opposing Bishop Betun, who was dead before this Dean was appointed. 
 
 3 Le Neve places Breuse as second Dean, but he occurs as sixth in Willis’s list, and third in “The Antiquities.” 
 Giles de Breuse was Bishop at the same time, and probably his brother. 
 
 4 Giraldus tells us that this Dean was proposed for the See of St. David’s in 1203. In 1216 he was advanced from 
 the Deanery to the Bishopric. 
 
 5 See Account of Bishops, p. 14. 
 
 6 According to Willis and Dugdale, he held this Deanery in 1247 and 1262. In “The Antiquities” he is called 
 Antellinus, with the date of 1256. 
 
 7 He was nephew of Bishop Aquablanca. In his will he directed his body to be interred near the Bishop’s in the 
 north aile. His effigy, in the Dean’s habit, lies on a slab. 
 
 8 Dugdale gives the dates of 1341 and 1348 ; the Antiquities, 1331; and Willis, as above. He was Prebendary 
 of Bullinghope. 
 
 8 Trellick was made Bishop of Rochester in 1364. 
 
 10 Le Neve and Dugdale erroneously place Middleton as the first Dean. Willis. And his name occurs as the 
 second in “The Antiquities.” 
 
 K 
 
66 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 No. 
 
 DEANS. 
 
 Elected, &c. 
 
 Died or removed. 
 
 19 
 
 John Harold 11 . 
 
 Installed .. 1380 
 
 Died. 
 
 .. . . Oct 19, 1393 
 
 20 
 
 John Prophet . 
 
 Installed .. Nov. 7, 1393 
 
 Dean of York 
 
 . . 1407 
 
 21 
 
 Thomas Felde, LL. D. 12 . .. 
 
 Installed. .April 20,1407 
 
 Died. 
 
 
 22 
 
 John Sfnnwpy.«... 
 
 .1419 
 
 Died. 
 
 Au<r 9 1434 
 
 23 
 
 Henry Shelford. 
 
 Installed. .Sept. 20,1434 
 
 Died . 
 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 John Berew 13 . 
 
 Elected .... 1445 or 1440 
 
 Died . 
 
 
 John ap Richard . 
 
 Elected . . June 24, 1402 
 
 Deprived . 
 
 . ..June 20, 1402 
 
 20 
 
 Richard Pede, LI,. D . 
 
 Installed. . March 8,1402 
 
 Died . 
 
 
 27 
 
 Thomas Chandeler, D. I). 14 
 
 Installed March 20, 1481 
 
 Died .... 
 
 ... . Nov. 2, 1490 
 
 28 
 
 Oliver King, LL. D. 15 . 
 
 Installed March 23, 1490 
 
 Resigned .... 
 
 . 1491 
 
 29 
 
 John Harvey 16 . 
 
 Installed about July, 1491 
 
 Died . 
 
 about April, 1500 
 
 30 
 
 Reginald West . 
 
 Elected..... .about 1501 
 
 Resigned . . . 
 
 .1512 
 
 31 
 
 Thomas Wolsey, Cardinal 17 
 
 Elected.1512 
 
 Resigned . . . . 
 
 . . . Dec. 3, 1512 
 
 32 
 
 Edmund Frowcester,S.T.P. 18 
 
 Installed . . Jan. 27, 1512 
 
 Died. 
 
 ... May 16, 1529 
 
 33 
 
 Galmaliel Clifton, LL. D. 19 .. 
 
 Installed. - Aug. 14,1530 
 
 Died. 
 
 ... April 29, 1541 
 
 34 
 
 Hugh Coren, or Curwyn 20 .. 
 
 Installed ... June 1, 1541 
 
 Archbishop of Dublin.1555 
 
 35 
 
 Edmund Daniel, A. M. 21 .. 
 
 Installed ... July 3, 1558 
 
 Deprived ... . 
 
 .1559 
 
 30 
 
 John Ellis, M. A. 
 
 Installed . .Feb. 18, 1559 
 
 Died. 
 
 
 37 
 
 John Watkins, A. M. 22 .... 
 
 Nominated. .Jail. 9,1570 
 
 Resigned .. .. 
 
 
 38 
 
 Charles Langford, D.D. 23 . . 
 
 Installed .. April 5, 1593 
 
 Died. 
 
 -Oct. 28, 1007 
 
 39 
 
 Edmund Doughtie, A. M. .. 
 
 Installed.. Dec. 23, 1007 
 
 Died. 
 
 .1616 
 
 40 
 
 Richard Montague, D. D. 21 
 
 Installed .. Dec. 9, 1010 
 
 Resigned . ... 
 
 .1617 
 
 11 He was buried in the Cathedral, where the following fragment of an inscription remained in Willis’s time— 
 “ De Salme Mercy m.ccc.lxxxxiii.’’ Willis’s date is 1493. 
 
 12 By will he directed his body to be interred in the Church of Maidstone; that forty marks be given to the Cathedral 
 of Hereford, and ten pounds towards the fabric of Leighton Buzzard Church.— Willis. 
 
 13 This Dean was huried in the Lady Chapel, where an effigy in the south wall, under an arch, with figures of 
 boars, and the rue-leaf, are said to commemorate him. 
 
 14 Ilis remains were interred in the Cathedral, where a monument with an effigy and an inscription remain. 
 
 15 He was principal secretary to Henry VII.—Bishop of Exeter in 1492—transferred to Bath and Wells, 1495. 
 He pulled down and began to rebuild Bath Abbey Church, and died June 24,1502. He was buried in St. George’s 
 Chapel, Windsor, where there is an inscription to his memory. See History of Bath Abbey Church ; also History of 
 Wells Cathedral. 
 
 16 By will he appointed to he buried in the Cathedral, before St. Margaret’s Altar, and a chantry to be erected to 
 his memory. Willis supposes the effigy in the upper end of the south aile to be his. 
 
 17 See Accounts of Wells Cathedral and York Cathedral. 
 
 18 He was Canon and Prebendary of Barton Colwalle—interred in the upper end of the south aile. His monument 
 of marble contains his “portraiture lying under a canopy, with figures of six saints engraved on two pillars which 
 support it.” Antiquities of Cath. p. 231. Willis gives a long inscription from his gravestone. 
 
 19 Canon of Windsor and York, and Rector of West Idesley, in the county of Berks ; buried in the Cathedral. In 
 his will “ he directed a solemn dirge to be kept for him in the Cathedral.” Willis, p. 535. 
 
 50 See some account of this Dean in the History, &c. of Oxford Cathedral, p. 25. 
 
 21 Prebendary of Worcester. In 1559 he was deprived of this Deanery by Queen Elizabeth. Retired to Rome, 
 where he died Oct. 13, 1576, and was buried in the English Collegiate Chapel of St. Thomas a Becket. Willis gives 
 a copy of the inscription on his monument at Rome. 
 
 22 Le Neve says he was installed March 13, 1574. Antiquities of Cath, say March 13, 1557. He died May, 1594. 
 
 23 Prebendary of Bristol, and Rector of Stokehammond, Bucks. When he died he was Prebendary of Pratm 
 Minus, Vicar of Lugwarden, and Rector of Eastham. Buried in the Cathedral. Willis. 
 
 24 Exchanged the Deanery for the Archdeaconry of Hereford. Willis. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF DEANS. 
 
 G7 
 
 No. 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 61 
 
 DEAN’S. 
 
 Silvanus Griffith, S. T. P. 
 Oliver Lloyd, LL. D. 26 .. 
 Daniel Price, S. T. P. 2T . 
 John Richardson, D. D. 28 
 Jonathan Brown, S. T. P. 
 Herbert Croft, D. D 
 
 Thomas Hodges, D.D. 30 
 George Benson, S. T. P. 31 
 
 John Tyler, D. D . 32 . 
 
 Robert Clavering 33 . 
 
 John Harris 34 . 
 
 Edward Cressett, M.A . 35 
 Edmund Castle, D. D.... 
 John Egerton, B. L. L. 36 . 
 Francis Webber, D. D. .. 
 Nathan Wetherell, D. D. 3 
 William Leigh, LL. D. 38 . 
 George Gretton, D. D. 39 . 
 Robert James Carr, D. D 40 
 Edward Mellish. A.M. .. 
 Edward Grey, D.D. 
 
 Elected, &c. 
 
 Installed. .Sept. 16,1617 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed . 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed.. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Installed 
 
 Installed. 
 
 . Dec. 16, 
 . Oct. 27, 
 
 . Dec. 10, 
 , Sept. 10, 
 . Sept. 27, 
 
 . May 16, 
 . Oct. 8, 
 . March 2, 
 • Aug. 7, 
 . July 30, 
 . Nov. 9, 
 March 4, 
 . .April 5, 
 .... Aug. 
 . July 8, 
 
 1623 
 
 1631 
 
 1636 
 
 1644 
 
 1661 
 
 1672 
 
 1692 
 
 1724 
 
 1729 
 
 1736 
 
 1748 
 
 1750 
 
 1756 
 
 1771 
 
 1808 
 
 1809 
 
 1820 
 
 1827 
 
 1831 
 
 Died or removed. 
 
 Died.Nov. 1623 
 
 Died.1625 
 
 Died.Sept. 23, 1631 
 
 Died.1636 
 
 Died.Dec. 1, 1643 
 
 Bishop of Hereford.1661 
 
 Died.Aug. 22, 1672 
 
 Died.Aug. 24, 1692 
 
 Bishop of Landaff.1706 
 
 Bishop of Landaff.1724 
 
 Bishop of Landaff.1730 
 
 Bishop of Landaff.1748 
 
 Bishop of Bangor.1756 
 
 Died.1771 
 
 Died.1808 
 
 Died.1809 
 
 Died.July 29, 1820 
 
 Bishop of Chichester.1827 
 
 Died.Dec. 1830 
 
 Now living. 
 
 25 Not mentioned in Antiquities of Cath. And Wood, in Athen. Oxon. names George Carleton as Dean in 1617. 
 
 20 Not mentioned in Willis, or Le Neve, but described in The Antiquities as having exchanged with Montague. See 
 Wood's Athens Oxon. edit. 181.5. vol. iii. col. 878. He was Chancellor of Hereford, in 1615 Canon of Windsor, 
 which he exchanged with Montague for this Deanery. Died in Hereford. Antiq, of Cath. 
 
 27 Chaplain to Prince Henry, afterwards to James I., then to Charles I., Canon Residentiary of Hereford, Rector 
 of Worthing in Shropshire, and of Lanteglos, Cornwall, and Justice of the Peace. Died at Worthing near Cause 
 Castle, Salop, and was buried there. Willis gives a long inscription from his tomb. Survey, i. 556. 
 
 25 Le Neve says installed 1634, also Antiq. of Cath. In his will he gave five pounds to the Cathedral, and six 
 pounds to the poor of Hereford City, &c. 
 
 29 Prebend of Westminster, Minister of St. Faith’s, London, in 1633, and Rector of Hertingfordbury, co. Herts, 
 where he was buried. Willis. 
 
 30 Rector of Kensington, was a celebrated preacher before Parliament, one of the Assembly of Divines, and a 
 Covenanter; one of the clergymen w r ho attended the Earl of Holland on the scaffold, to whom he was distantly related; 
 Rector of St. Peter’s, Comhill, in 1662 ; buried at Kensington, where there is a gravestone to his memory. Faulkner's 
 History, & fc, of Kensington, p. 166. ; Willis. 
 
 31 Prebendary of Worcester, Archdeacon of Hereford, Prebendary of Wellington. Ant. of Cath. He was Dean of 
 Hereford, Master of Ledbury Hospital, and Rector of Cradley in Herefordshire. Buried near the Altar at Hereford 
 Cathedral. Wood's Fasti Oxon. and Antiquities of the Cath. 156. 
 
 32 Prebendary of Bartonsham, and Vicar of St. Peter’s in Hereford; held the Deanery of Hereford in commendam, 
 with the Bishopric of Landaff. Antiquities of the Cath. 
 
 33 See account of Peterborough Cathedral. 
 
 34 Resigned the Deanery, 1736. 
 
 35 Resigned the Deanery, 1748. 
 
 36 Son of Bishop Egerton; Bishop of Bangor, 1756; Lichfield, 1768; Durham, 1771; died, 1787.—See Account 
 of Lichfield Cathedral. 
 
 37 Head of University Coll. Oxford; Prebendary of Cublington; Died at Oxford. 
 
 38 Never resided at the Deanery, but made considerable repairs to the Deanery House. 
 
 39 Elected a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, B.A. 1776, M.A. 1779, D.D. 1791; promoted to this 
 Deanery through the interest of the Earl of Lonsdale; died at the Deanery House, aged sixty-seven. He was Vicar 
 of Upton Bishop, near Ross, and Canon Residentiary of Hereford. Gent. Mag. 
 
 40 Resigned the Deanery, 1827. 
 
68 
 
 A 
 
 Efet of iSoo&s, ant* ^rint£, 
 
 WHICH HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED RELATING TO THE 
 
 CATHEDRAL OF HEREFORD. 
 
 WITH A LIST OF 
 
 ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF ITS BISHOPS. 
 
 THIS LIST IS SUBJOINED TO GRATIFY THE BIBLIOGRAPHER, THE CRITICAL ANTIQUARY, AND THE ILLUSTRATOR; 
 AS WELL AS TO SHEW, AT ONE VIEW, THE SOURCES WHENCE THE CONTENTS OF THE PRECEDING PAGES HAVE 
 BEEN DERIVED, AND THE FULL TITLES OF THE WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE NOTES. 
 
 MANUSCRIPTS, BOOKS, AND ESSAYS. 
 
 The following notice from Bishop Nicholson’s “ Historical Library ,” edit. 1736, p. 130, contains 
 some information respecting the library and archives:— 
 
 “ That there were anciently several good old Register Books belonging to this Cathedral, is 
 beyond dispute. Sir H. Spelman 1 quotes one of them; and we have heard of several others 
 besides that of Bishop 2 Booth. The library and archives here fell under the like misfortunes, 
 during the ravage of our late days of usurpation, with those of other Cathedral Churches : being 
 made a very improper prey to a fanatical and illiterate army of rebellious blockheads. Amongst 
 these Silas Taylor was an officer of a more than ordinary fancy and respect for books and 
 learning; and, having gotten part of the Bishop’s Palace 3 in his possession, thought it was also 
 convenient to seize as many of the Churches evidences and records, as he could possibly get into 
 his clutches. With these (and many of the like kind from the church of Worcester) he troop’d off, 
 upon the happy return of our old English government; and near twenty years afterwards, dy’d with 
 some of ’em in his possession at Harwich. His books and papers, together with the few other 
 moveables he left behind him, fell into the hands of his creditors; from whom (if any care was 
 taken to preserve them) it will now be a very difficult matter to retrieve them.” 
 
 In a volume printed in London in 1720, 8vo. is the following notice:—“ In the public library 
 at Oxford amongst Mr. Jones’s MS. is one in folio, on vellum, entitled ‘ Inquisitiones et literce 
 patentes ad Ecclesiam Herefordensem pertinentes MSS. Jones XXI.’ This was deposited in the 
 library since the publication of Dr. Bernard’s Catalogue. In a private hand is a Collection of the 
 Monuments in the Cathedral Church, made by Mr. Dingley in 1680, which has preserved some 
 few inscriptions ; but is remarkable for the fine draughts of monuments and the original characters 
 in which the inscriptions are wrote.”—Gough’s Topography. A list of the same is given in the 
 Appendix to “ The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church,” &c. 
 
 “ Registrum Caroli Booth, Edv. Fox, et Edm. Boneri Episcoporum Hereford ,” ab A. D. 1516 
 ad A. D. 1539 inclusive, MS. pergam. folio, nuper in bibl. Joannis Moore episc. Eliens. modo in 
 bibl. publ. Cantab. 
 
 In Bibl. Cotton MSS. Vitellius, E. ix. Adami Herefordensis episcopi queedam ad Joanncm de 
 rebus quibusdam et controversiis ad ecclesiam suarn spectantibus. Ibid. Faustina, B. ii. 33, 
 appropriationem ecclesice de Lugwarden decano et capitulo Hereford. 
 
 Registrum pcrvetustum eccl. Cath. Hereford, temp. R. Ed. I. vol. ii. penes praehonorabilem 
 Thomam vicecomitem Weymouth. 
 
 Tn Bibl. Coll. Corp. Christi. Cant. MS. 120, p. 483, Consuetudines et Statuta Ecclesice 
 Hereford; p. 516, injunctions given by Queen Elizabeth’s Visitors to the Dean and Chapter of 
 Hereford. 
 
 In the “ Valor Ecclesiasticus,” temp. Henry VIII. is a map of the Diocess of Hereford, and 
 some account of the same. 
 
 In the “ Reports on the Public Records of the Kingdom,’' folio, 1800, published by authority 
 
 1 Glossar. in voce Panagia. 2 Hist. Episc. et Dec. Londiu. et Assav. 
 
 3 Ath. Oxon. vol. ii. p. 464. See new edition, vol. iii. col. 1175. 
 
LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, AND PRINTS. 
 
 69 
 
 of Parliament, is a return from the Registrar of the Cathedral Church and of the Dean and 
 Chapter of Hereford, respecting the records of this Cathedral. 
 
 In the British Museum are some MSS. relating to Hereford Cathedral, its monuments, &c. 
 The following numbers in the Harleian Catalogue point them out:—Nos. 6149, 3048, 23d article 
 has relation to De Bohun.—4826, the Bishops of Hereford.—4768, Family of Cantilupe.—1430, 
 5th Article, ditto.—595, Episcopal Affairs. — 6303, Regulations respecting the Church of 
 Hereford.—3740, Article 12, Disputes between the Dean and Prebendaries. 
 
 “ The Life and Gests of Sir Thomas Cantilupe, Bishop of Hereford, and some time 
 Chancellor of England. Extracted out of the authentic Records of his Canonization as to the 
 most part. Anonymous, Matt. Paris, Capgrave, Harpsfield, and others. Collected by R. S. 
 (Qy. Surius) S. I. at Gaut. Small 8vo. 1674. Dedicated to the Duke of Tuscany.” 
 
 “ Dr. Stukeley saw a book of no little bulk at St. Omer’s, containing an account of his 
 miracles.” Gough’s “ Topography,” vol. i. p. 412. 
 
 “ The History and Antiquities of the City and Cathedral Church of Hereford, containing an 
 Account of all the Inscriptions, Epitaphs, &c. upon the Tombs, Monuments, and Gravestones; 
 with Lists of the principal Dignitaries ; and an Appendix, consisting of several valuable original 
 Papers,” was published, if not compiled by Dr. Rawlinson. London, 1717, 8vo. (By a notice, 
 in p. 23, of “ the present Lord Chancellor,” Harcourt, it is presumed that the volume was printed 
 in 1713, as he was Chancellor only that year.) The Appendix contains the obits of several 
 benefactors to this Cathedral, transcribed from a folio MS. missal secundum usum Hereford, 
 written about the reign of Edward III., and seventy-one charters or grants of lands to this 
 church, from a Bodleian MS. and dated 1510. Some years after it came out it was attacked 
 “ in a most ungenerous manner by a member of this church, in a very warm and angry preface to 
 a sermon preached in Landaff Cathedral, fathering it on Browne Willis, with some uncharitable 
 reflections.” In the account of this Church in his “ Survey of the Cathedrals,” &c. 1727, p. 500, 
 Mr. Willis disclaims all concern in the book, and gives the author of the sermon a sharp 
 castigation. 
 
 The new edition of Dugdale’s “ Monasticon Anglicanum,” vol. vi. by Caley, Ellis, and 
 Bandinel, contains the following engravings, drawn and etched by J. ConeyA. Ground Plan 
 of the Cathedral.—2. View of the West End, copied from Hollar’s print.—3. North East View, 
 and 4. An Interior View. The same volume contains some account of the Diocess, See, and 
 Cathedral, notices of the Bishops and Deans, copies of the following deeds, <5cc.—-No. 1. Historia 
 de prima fundatione ejusdem, 1212.—2. Carta regis Edwardi Confessoris, ib.—3. Prmdia 
 Episcopates Heref. temp. R. Willielmi I. ib.—4. Carta R. Henrici I. donat Rad. de Simesi 
 confirmans, 1215.—5. C. Simonis de Cliffords, de Manerio de Ilamne, ib.—6. C. Radulhi 
 Heref. episcopi dec. et capitulo vi. ib.—7. C. Walteri de Lascy facta priori et conv. de 
 Crassewell, 1216.—8. C. Prioris de Crassewell, et ejusdem loci fratrum, ib.—9. De dono et 
 concessionibus Petri de Aquablanca Herefordensis episcopi, ib.—10. Nomina maneriorum olim 
 eccl. Cathedr. Heref. spectantium, ib.—11. Carta Will. d’Eureus de Capella de putela, ib.— 
 12. Finis lavatus de advocatione eccl. de Putelego, 1217.—13. Confirmatio Radulfi Murdac, ib. 
 
 Tanner’s “ Notitia Monastica ” contains references to several authorities relating to the See 
 and Diocess. 
 
 Willis’s “ History of the Mitred Abbeys,” 8vo. 1719, contains measurements of the Cathedral, 
 with names of Bishops buried within it. 
 
 In Stukeley’s “ Itinerarium Curiosum,” fol. 1724, Iter. 4, p. 67, is an account of Cantilupe’s 
 shrine, the Chapter House, Lady Chapel, and Library. 
 
 Lord John Scudamore's Benefactions to this Cathedral, are recorded in Gibson’s “ View of 
 Door and Holm Lacy.” London, 1727, 4to. 
 
 In Wilkins’s “ Concilia Magnce Britannia ,” fol. 1737, vol. i. p. 761, PrEeceptum Regis 
 Henrici III. episcopo Herefordensi contra non residentiam praelatorum. 
 
 Browne Willis’s “ Survey of the Cathedrals ,” 4to. 1742, contains accounts of the Cathedral, 
 Monuments, Inscriptions, sale of the estates and lands in 1647,1648,1649, and 1650, endowment 
 of the Dean and Chapter, notices of the Bishops, Deans, Precentors, Chancellors, Treasurers, 
 Archdeacons, Prebendaries, also an account of the Churches and Chapels in the Diocess, dfcc. 
 vol. i. p. 499 to 622. Plates, North Prospect, drawn by W. Merricke and engraved by 
 J. Harris ; West Front, ditto ditto. 
 
 Leland's “ Itinerary,” 8vo. 1744, vol. iv. p. 86, of the Cathedral ; vol. v. p. 10, vol. vi. p. 75, 
 
HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 70 
 
 of Prestbury; vol. viii. p. 37. 56, nomina episcoporum; p. 41, ex libro martirologii; p. 55, 
 inscriptiones sepulchrales in ecclesia Hereford; p. 57, palaetia episcopi Hereford; p. 59, de 
 fundatione. 
 
 In Carter’s “ Antient Architecture,” folio, 1795, Pl. xlv. Shield from Cantilupe’s tomb, 
 Lvm. Stone Seats in the Cathedral, lxxviii. Spandril on Cantilupe’s tomb. 
 
 Gough’s “ Sepulchral Monuments ,” fo. 1796, contains, vol. i. part i. p. lxix, Chalice, found 
 1524—p. cxx. Brasses stolen from—p. ci. Brass in Cathedral ; vol. i. part ii. p. 18, account of 
 Tombs of Bishops Rainelm and Lozing—p. 32, five Bishops’ Monuments alike, Vere, Clyve, 
 Betune, Foliot, and Melun—p. 36, Monument of Giles Bruce (Bp.)—p. 62, Bishop Cantilupe, 
 account of his Tomb, &c.; vol. ii. part i. cci., Charnel House; part iii. West End rebuilt by 
 Lochard, 115—inscriptions on two Monuments in south transept, 178. 315—Cathedral yard 
 levelled, 325; with the following Plates ; Shrine of Cantelupe—Shrine of St. Ethelbert—Chapel 
 of Bishop Stanbury—Figures on the Tomb and Arms—Monument of Bishop Thomas Charlton, 
 1313—Monument of Sir Richard Pembridge, 1375—Monument of Lewis Charlton, Bishop, 1369 
 —Brasses on Tomb of Bishop Trellick—Monuments of Robert Lozing and Raynelm. 
 
 Price’s “ Historical Account of the City of Hereford ,” 8vo. 1796, contains a South East View 
 of the Cathedral, erroneously called the west; Plan of the Cathedral; Remains of the old 
 Chapter Flouse. 
 
 “ Collections towards the History and Antiquities of the County of Hereford. By John 
 Duncumb, A. M. vol. i.” 1804, Hereford; contain memoirs of the Bishops, from 680 to 1803— 
 accounts of the revenues of the Cathedral, and of monuments, &c. p.443 to 583 ; Plates, 1. Five 
 Seals—2. Ancient Front (West)—3. Windows—4. Shrines of Ethelbert and Cantilupe. 
 
 In Newcourt’s “ Repertorium ,” vol. i. p. 452, of the advowson of St. Mary Mounthaw, 
 London, and the Bishop’s house near it. 
 
 In the “ Beauties of England and Wales,” vol. iv. 8vo. 1805, is an account of the Cathedral, 
 p. 458 to 479, and two Plates ; General View—Ruins of the Chapter House. 
 
 Malcolm’s “ First Impressions,” 8vo. 1807, contain an account of the Cathedral, p. 82 to 109, 
 and two Plates, 1. of Windows—2. North Porch, drawn and etched by the author. 
 
 “ The History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Hereford by J. and H. S. Storer, 
 8vo. 1815, contains a short account of the Cathedral, and the following nine prints, Ground Plan 
 —South Transept—Interior of Nave—South West View—North West View—Interior North 
 W est of Transept—Cloisters—South East End—East End. 
 
 George III. Anno 59. An Act to enable the Dean and Chapter of Hereford to discharge 
 certain Debts incurred in repairing the Cathedral Church of Hereford. P. A. 
 
 “ The Hereford Guide; containing a concise History of the City of FJereford, a Description 
 of its public Buildings, Episcopal See, Cathedral, Parochial Churches,” &c. by W. J. Rees, M. A. 
 12mo. 1827, contains a short account of the See, account of the Bishops, &c. history and account 
 of the Cathedral, Bishop’s Palace, &c. p. 110 to 173, and a View of the Cathedral engraved on 
 wood. 
 
 “ A Brief Inquiry into the ancient and present State of Hereford Cathedral, with an Attempt 
 to classify its Architecture, and suggestions for its renovation and improvement. By the 
 Rev. Thomas Garbett, M. A.” 8vo. 1827, contains remarks on the alterations and present state 
 ot the Cathedral, and three plates of windows. 
 
 “ A short Description of a portable Shrine (Saint Ethelbert's). By the Rev. Thomas Russell, 
 M. A.” 8vo. 1830, contains a plate of the shrine, with fac-simile of the inscription—an account ot 
 the discovery of Bishop Trellick’s coffin, with a plate of the head of his crosier. 
 
 PRINTS. 
 
 West Front of the Cathedral as it stood in 1724, published in European Mag. 1792, 8vo. 
 
 In the “ Vetusta Monumenta,” by the Society of Antiquaries, is a View and Plan of the 
 Chapel called St. Magdalen’s, 1747, folio, vol. i. pl. 49. The same is re-engraved for Gough’s 
 edition of “ Camden’s Britannia,” vol. ii. folio, 1789. 
 
 Four Views of Hereford, each taking in the Cathedral, Geo. Powle, del.; James Ross, sc. 
 large 4to. 1778. 
 
 North View of the Cathedral, with Spire and Tower, published in the “ Christian’s Magazine, 
 1784, 8vo. 
 
71 
 
 LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, AND PRINTS. 
 
 Interior of the Chapter House, sketched 1784, J. Carter, sc. 1790.—Ditto, in “ The Beauties 
 of England and Wales,” T. Hearne del.; J. lloffe, sc. 1808. 
 
 In “ Hearne and Byrne’s Antiquities,” 1786, is a View of the ruins of the West End, &c. of 
 the Cathedral, with an account. 
 
 Four Prints of the Cathedral, representing the West Front before it fell, and view of it in ruins, 
 with the Nave and North West View, were engraved in aquatint by Middiman and Jukes in 
 1788 and 1789, from drawings by James Wathen. 
 
 View of the Cathedral after the spire was taken down, E. Dayes, del.; J. Walker, sc. 4to. 
 1795, in Copper-plate Magazine. 
 
 View of the Cathedral from the North East, 1811, a large aquatint, from a drawing by 
 J. Buckler.—Ditto, 1816, etched by J. C. Buckler, 4to. 
 
 In the Gentleman’s Magazine for July, 1824, is a View of the North Porch. The same plate 
 published in Malcolm’s “ First Impressions." 
 
 Vcrtne engraved a Seal of the Dean, two of the Dean and Chuptcr (temp. Hen. III. and later), 
 those of Bishops Bennet and Coke, three of the Bohan families, and three others. 
 
 N. W, View of the Cathedral, with the Western Tower, published by Smith, in Exeter 
 Change, large folio.-—The same, published in 4to. J. Harris, fecit. 
 
 King engraved a North View of the Cathedral, and Hollar both North and West Views, for 
 the third volume of the Monasticon, which Gough calls “ some of his worst.” 
 
 In Grose’s Antiquities of England and Wales is a View, with an account of the Chapter House. 
 Engraved by Sparrow. 
 
 View of the East Window of the Cathedral, painted by Bachler. E. W. Gill, del.; on stone 
 by L. Haghe. Small folio, published by W. H. Vale, Hereford. 
 
 “ Ecclesiae Cathedralis Herefordensis Prospectus Occidentalis,” large print. 
 
 In the Antiquarian and Topographical Cabinet are the following engravings, Shrine of 
 Bishop Cantilupe—Shrine of St. Ethelbert—Back of ditto—Crosier of Bishop Trellick. 
 
 ACCOUNTS OF BISHOPS. 
 
 Godwin in his “ Catalogue of Bishops,” small 4to. 1615, gives short Memoirs of the Bishops 
 from 680 to 1602. 
 
 In “ De Prcesulibus," by Godwin and Richardson, fol. 1742, these accounts are continued to 
 1723. 
 
 Le Neve’s “ Fasti Ecclesice Anglicancc,” fol. 1716, contains lists, with short accounts of the 
 Bishops, Deans, Prebendaries, &c. up to 1713. 
 
 Willis’s “ Survey of the Cathedrals," 4to. 1742, contains a list, with Memoirs of the Bishops, 
 Deans, Prebendaries, &c. up to that time. 
 
 “ The History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Hereford," 8vo. 1717, gives lists of 
 the Bishops, Deans, Treasurers, Archdeacons, &c. to 1712. 
 
 PORTRAITS OF BISHOPS. 
 
 1538 Edmund Bonner whipping Thomas Henshawe, a wood print, in the first edition of Fox’s 
 “ Acts and Monuments,” p. 2043. Granger. Bromley. 
 
 1617 Francis Godwin :■ —halt sh. Vertue, sc. 1742, engraved for “ De Prmsulibus.” 
 
 1633 William Juxon From a painting at Longleat, 8vo. Granger. In the set of Loyalists, 
 
 G. Vertue, sc. Bromley. In Lord Clarendon’s “ History,” 8vo. Vertue, sc. Bromley. 
 
 1634 Matthew Wren: — G. Vander Gucht, half sh., engraved for the “ Parentalia.” 
 
 Granger. Bromley. A satirical print in “ Wren’s Anatomy,” 4to. Bromley. 
 
 1660 Nicholas Monk :— Jos. Nutting, sc., small, with others. Granger. Bromley. 
 
 1712 Philip Bisse, folio, Thomas Hill, p. ; G. Vertue, sc. Noble. Bromley. 
 
 1721 Benjamin Hoadley: —Sitting in robes, sh. W. Hogarth, p.; B. Baron, sc. 1743. 
 Bromley. Prefixed to his “ Works,” 1773, fol.; N. Hone, p.; J. Basire, sc. 1772. 
 Bromley. Oval, in a canonical habit; J. Faber, sc. Bromley. Large folio; G. Vertue, 
 sc. Bromley. 
 
 1788 John Butler: —Prefixed to a volume of Sermons, iEtat 82; Hall, pinx.; Simon, sc. 
 Another, in Christian’s Magazine, as Bishop of Oxford, 8vo. 1783. 
 
72 
 
 HEREFORD CATHEDRAL 
 
 fltet of Prints, 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE OF HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Plates. 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 Drawn by 
 
 Engraved by 
 
 Inscribed to 
 
 Described. 
 
 I. 
 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 
 V. 
 
 VI. 
 
 VII. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 IX. 
 
 X. 
 
 XI. 
 
 XII. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 XIV. 
 XV. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 Ground Plan, and Plans of Parts. 
 
 View of the Cburch from N. W. 
 
 North Porch, North Transept, &c. 
 
 View of the Nave in Ruins. 
 
 View behind the Altar .. 
 
 Part of North Transept, Tower, &c. 
 
 East End . 
 
 Lady Chapel, Compartment North Side, P 
 
 with Section of the East End.) 
 
 Section East End, Lady Chapel and Crypt 
 Compartments of Choir, Interior andP 
 
 Exterior, North Side.) 
 
 Section through Tower and Transept, P 
 
 North to South .) 
 
 View in the North Transept. 
 
 Sooth Aile, Monument of Bishop Mayo, &c. 
 
 Cantelupe’s Shrine (figured XV.). 
 
 Monument in the North Wall of the 
 
 Lady Chapel (Title). 
 
 Windows at N. E. end, Lady Chapel .... 
 View of Monuments in the South AileP 
 of the Choir (Wood Cut).) 
 
 T. H. Clarke.. 
 W. H. Bartlett 
 W. H. Bartlett 
 
 T. Hearne. 
 
 W.H. Bartlett 
 W. H. Bartlett 
 
 W.H. Bartlett 
 
 T.H. Clarke... 
 T.H. Clarke... 
 T.H. Clarke... 
 
 T. H. Clarke... 
 T.H. Clarke... 
 W. H. Bartlett 
 
 W. H. Bartlett 
 
 T.H. Clarke... 
 W.H.Bartletl 
 W. H. Bartlett 
 
 R. Roose .... 
 T. Higham... 
 J. Le Keux... 
 Jas. Redaway 
 J. Le Keux... 
 R. Sands. 
 
 W. Taylor ... 
 
 G. Gladwin .. 
 J. Le Keux... 
 J. Le Keux... 
 
 J. Le Keux... 
 J. Le Keux... 
 W.Woolnoth 
 
 J. Le Keux... 
 
 J. Le Keux... 
 J. Le Keux... 
 S. Williams.. 
 
 R. B. Phillips, Esq. 
 Rev. JohnCluttou, D.D. 
 Rev. A. J. Walker, A.M. 
 
 Ben. Biddulph, Esq. 
 
 Re v.H.H. Morgan, B.D. 
 < Rev. Thomas Un-P 
 ( derwood, M. A. J 
 
 Edward Haycock, Esq. 
 
 William Tite, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. John Jones... 
 ( Rev. Newton D.H. P 
 ( Newton, A. B. ) 
 j The Lord Bishop ofP 
 
 \ Hereford.J 
 
 l The Rev. Henry) 
 \ Lee Warner .... ) 
 Sir E. S. Stanhope, Bt. 
 
 37, 38. 
 
 42. 43. 
 
 43. 
 
 44. 51. 
 
 43. 
 
 44. 
 
 52. 
 
 52. 
 
 42. 44. 47. 
 
 43. 49, 50. 
 50. 50. 
 
 48. 51. 
 
 56. 
 
 52. 
 
 52. 
 
 60. 
 
 3 OTrottologteai aratolr 
 
 OF THE 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF HEREFORD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Kings. 
 
 Bishops. 
 
 William II.... 
 Henry I. 
 
 Henry II. 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 Lozing. 
 
 Raynelm.... 
 
 De Vere ... 
 Aquablanca 
 Bruce. 
 
 Edward II, 
 
 Cautelupe 
 
 Henry VI. 
 
 Henry VII. ... 
 Henry VIII... 
 
 Stanbury 
 Audley .. 
 Booth ... 
 
 Parts of the Building. 
 
 Described. 
 
 Plates. 
 
 1079 
 
 1107 
 
 1190 
 
 1240 
 
 Nave, East Side of South Transept 
 
 Nave, &c. 
 
 f Part behind the Altar. 
 
 ( Lady Chapel . 
 
 Clerestory of the Choir .. 
 
 41. 49 
 
 41. 
 
 44. 51 
 
 42. 44. 47 ... 
 
 I. 
 
 IV. XI. 
 
 v. 
 
 VII. VIII. IX. 
 X. 
 
 f1200 P 
 
 1210 ) 
 
 1287. 
 
 1474. 
 
 1502. 
 
 1536. 
 
 Central Tower. 
 
 (North Transept from the Ground 
 
 ( Cantelupe’s Shrine. 
 
 Stanbury Chapel. 
 
 Audley Chapel. 
 
 North, or Booth’s Porch. 
 
 49 .., 
 
 50 ... 
 19... 
 57 ... 
 52 ... 
 43 ... 
 
 ii. vi. vii. xi. 
 
 XI. XII. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 X. 
 
 IX. 
 
 III. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Ailes, see Ground Plan ; monuments in, 60; 
 remarks on the word, 41. 
 
 Aldred, Archbishop of York, 7. 
 
 Altar-screen, by Bishop Bisse, 33. 
 
 Aquablanca, Bishop, account of, 14; his 
 character, 15; annually commemorated, 16; 
 monument, 57. 
 
 Aquablanca, Dean, monument, 57; notice of, 
 65. 
 
 Athelstan, see Ethelstan. 
 
 Audley, Bishop, 24; chantry chapel of, 52; 
 section, plate ix. 
 
 Beauchamp, Bishop, 23. 
 
 Beauclerk, Bishop, 34. 
 
 Bennett, Bishop, 28; disputes between him 
 and the citizens, 29; a good tennis player, 
 30; monument, 57. 
 
 Berew, Dean, monument, 59; noticed, 66. 
 
 Betun, Bishop, account of, 9; anecdote of, 10 ; 
 repaired the cathedral, 11; monument of, 60. 
 
 Bishops, biographical notices of, 2 to 35; 
 chronological list of, 63; monuments of, see 
 respective names ; palaces of, 61. 
 
 Bisse, Bishop, 33; built the organ-screen, ib.; 
 monument, 61; portrait of, 71. 
 
 Bohun, Humphrey de, monument of, 59. 
 
 Bonner, Bishop, 26; died in prison, ib. ; por¬ 
 trait of, 71. 
 
 Booth, Bishop, 25 ; porch of, 43; monument 
 of, 57. 
 
 Breton, Bishop, account of, 16. 
 
 Breuse, Bishop, 13 ; built the central tower, 
 ib. ; monument of, 61. 
 
 Burials within towns, &c. 3. 
 
 Butler, Bishop Richard, 23. 
 
 Butler, Bishop John, 35 ; built the chapel of 
 the palace, and contributed towards the re¬ 
 building of the west end, ib.; portrait of, 71. 
 
 Cantelupe, Bishop, 16; account of, 17; his 
 shrine, ib.; miracles performed at, 18; view 
 of shrine, plate xiv.; described, 56. 
 
 Capella, Bishop, 9; built the Wye Bridge, ib. 
 
 Gastello, Bishop, attempt to poison, 25. 
 
 Cathedral—Milfred built a “ stone church,” 
 and appointed a bishop, 4; suffered from the 
 
 Danes, 5; repaired or rebuilt by Ethelstan, 
 ib. ; burnt by the Welsh, ib.; commenced 
 rebuilding by Bishop Lozing, 8; injured in 
 the civil wars, temp. Stephen, 11; repaired 
 by Bishop Betun, ib.; described, 37 ; exte¬ 
 rior described, 42; interior, 44; nave, 45; 
 west end, 45; transept, 43. 49; choir, 44 
 to 48; east transept, 51; Lady Chapel, 44. 
 52; cloisters, 53; chapter-house, 54; tower, 
 43; repairs and rebuilding, 46. 
 
 Cedda, Bishop, 4. 
 
 Chandler, Dean, monument to, 60; see list. 
 
 Chapel, an ancient, account of, 34. 
 
 Chapel, Lady, described, 44; plan of, see 
 plate I. 
 
 Chapter-house, remains of, 53 ; plan, plate I. 
 
 Chapter-room, ancient map in, 54. 
 
 Charlton, Lewis, Bishop, 22; monument of, 
 60. 
 
 Charlton, Thomas, 21; monument of, 61. 
 
 Choir described, 44. 48; monuments in, 61 ; 
 plate x. 
 
 Clive, Bishop, 9; monument of, 57. 
 
 Cloisters, Bishops’, described, 53; plan of, 
 plate i. 
 
 Coke, Bishop, 32 ; monument of, 60. 
 
 Columns, plans of, see Plan, plate i.; see also 
 plates of interior views. 
 
 Cornewall, Bishop, 35. 
 
 Courteney, Bishop, 22. 
 
 Croft, Bishop, character of, 32. 
 
 Crypt, plan of, plate I.; section, plate ix.; de¬ 
 scribed, 52. 
 
 Cuthbert, Bishop, account of, 3. 
 
 Deans, chronological list of, with notices, 65. 
 
 Denton, Alexander, and his wife, monument 
 of, 60. 
 
 Egerton, Bishop, 34. 
 
 Ethelbert, murder of, 3; his ghost, 4; interred 
 at Hereford, ib.; miracles at his tomb, ib. ; 
 new church dedicated to, ib. ; supposed 
 statue of, 59. 
 
 Ethelstan, Bishop, repaired or rebuilt the ca¬ 
 thedral, 5; account of, 6; remarks on his 
 building, 41; monument of, 56. 
 
 L 
 
74 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Field, Bishop, 32; bust of, 57. 
 
 Foliot, Gilbert, 11; monument of, GO. 
 
 Foliot, Hugh, 13; hospital, ib. 
 
 Foliot, Robert, Bishop, account of, 12; monu¬ 
 ment of, 13. 
 
 Font described, 54. 
 
 Foxe, Bishop, his works, 2G. 
 
 Frowcester, Dean, brass to, GO; see list of 
 Deans. 
 
 Gerard, Bishop, anecdote of, 8. 
 
 Gilbert, Bishop, 22. 
 
 Godwin, Bishop, account of his works, 30, 31; 
 monument of, 58. 
 
 Harley, John, Bishop, account of, 26. 
 
 Harley, the Honourable John, Bishop, 34. 
 Harold, Dean, monument of, GO; see list of 
 Deans. 
 
 Harvey, Dean, monument of, 60. 
 
 Hereford, founded in the Anglo-Saxon era, 2; 
 See here in 544, 2. 
 
 Hoadley, Bishop, account of, 33; portraits, 71. 
 Humphreys, Bishop, disputes with the citizens, 
 33; monument of, Gl. 
 
 Huntingford, Bishop, 35. 
 
 Ironside, Bishop, 33. 
 
 Juxon, Bishop, 32. 
 
 Lady Chapel, described, 44; plates viii. ix. xvi.; 
 described by Mr. Garbett, 52; remarks on 
 its present state, 53 ; monuments in, 59. 
 Leofgar, Bishop, account of, G. 
 
 Lindsell, Bishop, 32; monument of, GO. 
 Lozing, account of, 7 ; built the cathedral, 8 ; 
 
 inscription to, 58. 
 
 Lucy, Bishop, 22. 
 
 Luxmore, Bishop, 35. 
 
 Mapenore, Bishop, 13; monument of, 57. 
 Marr, Richard de la, and his wife, brass to, 59. 
 Mascall, Bishop, 22. 
 
 Maydenstan, Bishop, his benefactions to the 
 cathedral, 14. 
 
 Mayo, Bishop, 25 ; monument of, GO. 
 
 Melun, Bishop, 12; monument of, 60. 
 
 Millyng, Bishop, 24. 
 
 Monk, Bishop, never visited his diocess, 32. 
 Nave, described, 47 ; view of, plate iv. 
 
 Orlton, Bishop, account of, 20. 
 
 Palaces of Bishops, 61. 
 
 Pembridge, Sir Richard, monument of, 56. 
 
 Philips, John, mouument of, 57. 
 
 Podda, Bishop, 3. 
 
 Poiton, Bishop, 22. 
 
 Porch, built by Bishop Booth, 25; see Booth. 
 
 Purfey, Bishop, or Warton, 26. 
 
 Putta, Bishop, account of, 2. 
 
 Raynelm, Bishop, account of, 9; monument 
 of, GO. 
 
 Saxon Architecture, remarks on, 48. 
 
 Scory, Bishop, account of, 27; bequests to 
 Hereford, 28. 
 
 See at Hereford in 544, 2; granted in trust to 
 Aldred—vacant six years—vacant fourteen 
 years, 1646, 32. 
 
 Shrine, see Cantelupe. 
 
 Skipp, Bishop, 26. 
 
 Spofford, Bishop, 23. 
 
 Stanbury, Bishop, account of, 23; built a 
 chantry chapel, 24; described, 57. 
 
 Swinford, Bishop, 19; journal of his domestic 
 affairs, &c. 20; monument of, 58. 
 
 Tirktell, Bishop, 3. 
 
 Tortere, Bishop, 3. 
 
 Tower, Central, built by Bishop Breuse, 13; 
 described, 43 ; views of, plates ii. vi. xi. 
 
 Transepts, Eastern, Account of, 51; windows 
 of, ib. 
 
 Transept, North, described, 43. 50. 57 ; plates 
 vi. xi. xii. 
 
 Transept, South, described, 49; monuments 
 in, GO ; plate xi. 
 
 Trellick, Bishop, an enemy to pageants and 
 matrimony, 21; his grave opened, ib. 
 
 Trevenant, Bishop, 22 ; monument of, 60. 
 
 Tyler, Dean, monument of, 60; see list of 
 Deans. 
 
 Vere, Bishop, 13; noted for buildings, ib.; 
 monument of, 60. 
 
 Walstod, Bishop, commenced a “ magnificent 
 cross,” which Cuthbert finished, 3. 
 
 Walter of Lorraine, 7. 
 
 West Front, comments on, 45. 
 
 Warton, Bishop, or Purfey, 26. 
 
 Westfayling, Bishop, 28; anecdote of, ib.; 
 character of, ib.; monument of, 59. 
 
 Wren, Bishop, 32. 
 
 C. YVH1TTINGHAM, CHISWICK. 
 
CATETEBMAI 
 
 lo JOHN sanders,esq? architect , F. s.A. icc.kc. This Plate is inscribed. avi tli sentiments of esteem /by the 
 7.,'tuU'n,1‘ui'lisfud .Aua? i,i8ig. by /.onotnoji Sc CfjPtVCernosterJlow ■