F A^TtlS 
 
 UNIVEESAL EXPOSITIOJ^f 
 1 8 6 7 . 
 
 WITH A FULL DESCRIPTION OP AWARDS 
 RENDERED TO THE UNITED 
 STATES DEPARTMENT; 
 
 AND 
 
 NOTES UPON THE SAME. 
 
 — BY — 
 
 JAMES M . U S HE(k . 
 
 Principal Agent for Massachusetts. 
 
 B 0 S TON: 
 
 NATION OFFICE. ... 27 CORNHILL. 
 1868. 
 

 
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PREFACE. 
 
 Much of the following work is a report to His Excellency the Governor 
 of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in relation to the Universal Expo¬ 
 sition of 1867. A large edition of the report, published by the State, 
 having been early exhausted, at the urgent request of many friends I have 
 been induced to re-publish the report in this volume. It is offered to the 
 reader just as it was originally written, with such additional facts concern¬ 
 ing exhibitors outside the limits of Massachusetts as seemed most impor¬ 
 tant, and such as fell immediately under my own observation. Although 
 unable in a small volume minutely to describe all the articles presented 
 from the United States, an official account will be given of all the awards 
 to American exhibitors, with brief notices of such contributions as I was 
 able particularly to observe. 
 
 It is hoped that the information offered will be interesting and profit¬ 
 able, and that it will not be unfavorably received by the public. 
 
 Boston, June, 1868. 
 
 J. M. U. 
 
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To His Excellency Hon. Alexander H. Bullock. 
 
 Having been appointed by your Excellency to represent 
 the State of Massachusetts in the Paris Exposition, and 
 having accepted and discharged, to the best of my 
 ability, the responsibilities of the situation, I respect¬ 
 fully submit the following 
 
 REPORT: 
 
 Notice of my appointment was received August 23, 
 1866, and I immediately entered upon the discharge of 
 my duties by co-operating with the Commissioner-Gen¬ 
 eral and other agents of the United States, in presenting 
 to the citizens of Massachusetts the information necessary 
 to secure a creditable and successful exhibition for our 
 Commonwealth in the World’s Fair. I caused to be 
 published in the prominent newspapers of the State 
 important information relating to the Exposition, and I 
 sent forth circulars specifying the kinds of goods most 
 requisite for the occasion, the time when they must be 
 
6 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 ready for shipment, the expense that would probably 
 occur to the contributors, and such other facts as might 
 induce our citizens to forward articles for their own 
 credit and emolument, for the honor of the State, and 
 for the honor and dignity of our beloved country. 
 
 The Exposition was opened to the public, April 1, 
 1867. It was a beautiful day, and Paris was alive with 
 excitement. The police were out in full force, and in 
 attractive uniforms, and the military display was grand. 
 Flags were waving all over the city, and the decorations 
 of the Grand Entrance, and of the main avenue to the 
 Palace, were varied and brilliant; and over the Palace 
 were flung to the breeze the banners of all nations. The 
 number of persons present was almost inestimable, yet 
 all were orderly, and to appearance happy, and when 
 the Emperor and Empress and the Prince Imperial 
 appeared, the welkin rang with cheers. 
 
 On the opening of the Exposition no nation had all its 
 goods in place. The French and the English had theirs 
 ill a forward state, yet not complete. Russia, in its 
 preparations, probably stood at the head, while Italy and 
 the United States were far behind. 
 
 ' And even the Palace was not quite finished. Hun¬ 
 dreds, yea, thousands of artisans had been employed 
 upon it for a year or more, yet two months longer were 
 requisite to perfect the building in accordance with the 
 Emperor’s design. 
 
 The very long distance the contributors must send 
 their goods, the danger of injury to many of the most 
 valuable articles, the want of faith in any benefit to be 
 derived from the Exposition, together with the fact that 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 383. 
 
 7 
 
 we were specially notified that all goods, to be forwarded 
 at the expense of the general government, must be ready 
 at a very early date after my appointment, prevented 
 some who would otherwise gladly have contributed, from 
 engaging in the noble enterprise. I am happy to inform 
 your Excellency, nevertheless, that although we did not 
 occupy much space in the Palace, nor have so many 
 articles on exhibition as under more favorable circum¬ 
 stances would have been offered, what we did present 
 were well received, and highly creditable to us as being 
 of great practical use and value, exciting the attention 
 and admiration of visitors, and receiving the favorable 
 judgment of committees and jurors. 
 
 The whole number of articles on exhibition from all 
 the countries represented is yet to me unknown. The 
 number of contributors exceeded forty thousand, of 
 whom five thousand obtained awards. From the United 
 States there were but seven hundred and seventy appli¬ 
 cants for space, and only five hundred and twenty-four 
 of those had articles on exhibition ; yet two hundred and 
 sixty-eight obtained 'prizes^ a greater proportion, I am 
 assured, than was received by the contributors of any 
 other country except France. And it may here be said 
 that the awards were not owing to the preponderance of 
 American jurors, for only nine juries of the whole 
 number— ninety-five — had citizens of the United States 
 upon them, and but comparatively few of the whole 
 could speak the English language. 
 
 Expositions of the various and multiform industrial 
 interests of any community, whether extensive or lim¬ 
 ited, cannot fail, we think, to be of real benefit to the 
 
8 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May 
 
 great body of the people, as well as to those who engage 
 directly in them. Mountains or barriers interposed make 
 enemies of individuals as well as nations, while as a 
 general fact, free intercourse prevents the prejudice that 
 might exist, and leads the citizens of various commu¬ 
 nities and widely separated lands,— 
 
 “ Like kindred drops to mingle into one.” 
 
 Intercourse begets knowledge, and knowledge induces 
 trade. An individual or nation sees the evidences of 
 another’s superior skill and handicraft in certain things, 
 the benefits resulting thence, and each desires to profit 
 by an interchange of articles for pleasure and for use. 
 Genius and enterprise are stimulated, and a laudable 
 emulation is excited, resulting in pecuniary gain and 
 honorable fame to individuals, cheapening the neces¬ 
 saries of life to whole communities, reducing their hours 
 of labor, and improving their condition physically, intel¬ 
 lectually, morally, and religiously. Our venerable Com¬ 
 monwealth has shown, by liberal appropriations for 
 agricultural and mechanical exhibitions, her confidence 
 in their advantages. She has been foremost among the 
 States in holding fairs, and in her munificence in aiding 
 them ; and her example has extended far and wide. It 
 was fitting, therefore, that Massachusetts should cheer¬ 
 fully accept the invitation of the Emperor of France, 
 and strive for honor and advantages ; giving as well as 
 receiving benefits, in the Paris Exposition, which repre¬ 
 sented interests extended as the world. 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 9 
 
 The first World’s Exhibition was held in London in 
 1851. Others succeeded in the following order: 
 
 In Dublin, in 1853. In London, in 1862. 
 
 In Paris, in 1855. In Dublin, in 1864. 
 
 In New York, in 1858. In Paris, in 1867. 
 
 The first six were different in one important particular 
 from the last. They were properly denominated World's 
 Fairs or Exhibitions, because the people of all countries 
 were invited to contribute goods; but the managers of 
 them were private persons, and individuals of different 
 nations were solicited to forward articles for competition 
 at their own expense. They were not government 
 affairs. The last Paris Exposition was suggested and 
 directed by the Emperor of France himself. Other 
 heads of governments were by him invited to participate 
 and render aid in making it truly the World’s Exposition 
 and the world’s blessing. The government of the United 
 States, after considerable delay, accepted the invitation, 
 appointed agents to direct affairs, and appropriated funds 
 to pay them; also to defray the expenses of contributors 
 in the several States in forwarding their goods. Nothing 
 was admitted to the Exposition except through the agents 
 of the governments concerned. This Exposition, there¬ 
 fore, possessed an influence and a dignity far superior to 
 any that preceded it. It was sublime in its conception^ 
 and the idea was carried out on a scale of liberality and 
 grandeur never surpassed, probably never equalled, in 
 the history of the world. There was collected together 
 the greatest variety of articles from every clime ; things 
 of fancy and of use, showing the customs of all peoples 
 in all ages, and representing the arts and sciences, the 
 
10 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [Maj, 
 
 industrial occupations, the social habits, and the politi¬ 
 cal and religious tendencies, of all the nations of the 
 earth. 
 
 If the Exposition failed in some respects to satisfy our 
 reasonable expectations, it was not the fault of our gov¬ 
 ernment, so much as the incapacity or unwillingness of 
 tlie Commissioner-General for this country fitly to per¬ 
 form his duties. But of this matter I shall speak again, 
 before concluding this Report. 
 
 The grounds allotted to the Exposition included about 
 one hundred and fifty acres, being the territory called 
 the ‘‘ Champ de Mars.” The palace, which contained 
 most of the articles on exhibition, covered an area of 
 thirty-six acres, and was in the form of a broad ellipse, 
 with a park or garden in the centre, tastefully laid out, 
 and containing the greatest variety of beautiful plants 
 and fragrant flowers, walks, fountains, statues, etc. 
 Around the garden and within the palace, ten avenues 
 were constructed in concentric circles; and from the 
 garden, like the spokes of a wheel from the hub to the 
 circumference, radiated sixteen avenues, crossing the 
 circles at right angles, and at nearly equal distances 
 apart. Each of these sixteen avenues was named Tor 
 some nation or province; as Prussia, Austria, Switzer¬ 
 land, Roumania; but there was none for the United 
 States! France was on the left of the grand entrance, 
 and England on the right. 
 
 The goods on exhibition were arranged in groups or 
 classes, and each of the concentric avenues was devoted 
 to a special kind of articles, contributed by every nation 
 therein represented, so that those of any class might 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 11 
 
 easily be found. If those of any given nation were 
 desired, they might he found in passing from circum¬ 
 ference to centre, or vice versa^ along the avenue called 
 by that nation’s name. 
 
 The grounds outside the palace, too, were admirably 
 arranged. Everything seemed designed to ravish the 
 beholder’s sight. Here were dwellings, stores, work¬ 
 shops, public edifices, palaces, churches, lighthouses, 
 fountains, ponds, gardens, trees, streets, walks, and 
 everything that tends to attract attention and gratify 
 the taste. The whole habitable globe seemed to have 
 furnished contributions to produce an effect so grand, 
 harmonious, and, as it appeared to the beholder, natural. 
 I would that every “ Field of Mars ” might be so sud¬ 
 denly and pleasingly transformed. Verily, Napoleon 
 III. is wise in his generation, and he seems to compre¬ 
 hend the sentiment, 
 
 “ A thing of beauty is a joy forever.” 
 
 It is doubtless true that the pleasures and amusements 
 provided by tlie Emperor for his people—next to the 
 bayonets of France—do more than all things else to 
 keep him seated in his power. 
 
 I have alluded to the Commissioner-General. I will 
 be more particular. I have represented it as an easy 
 matter to find the contributions of every country; but 
 this is not unqualifiedly true. The American contribu¬ 
 tions were chiefly located in the ‘‘ Rue d’Afrique,” a 
 name not indicative of anything American ; and, worse 
 than this, the excellent American sewing machines, and 
 Grant’s splendid locomotive engine, from New Jersey, 
 
12 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 which were needed to occupy space in the main building, 
 were placed in a shed called an Annex^ three hundred 
 feet ill length and thirtj^-three in width, which was sev¬ 
 eral rods from the palace. Exhibitors requested the 
 Commissioner-General, Mr. Beckwith, to cause these 
 articles to be located in their proper places. Several 
 contributors of other articles were willing to exchange 
 the space allotted them in the main building with the 
 exhibitors of the sewing machines; but,”—using the 
 language of Prof. A. D. Hager, Commissioner for the 
 State of Vermont, in his report—the obstinacy which 
 marked the course of this man, Beckwith, would not 
 permit him to yield to the petitions that were made. 
 He had the power to keep them there, and did do it.” 
 Mr. Hager further says : ‘‘The general plan, as the 
 Imperial Commission and Mr. Beckwith well knew, was 
 to have all the machinery in the very portion of the main 
 building that we petitioned for. Mr. Grant applied early 
 for the space, and it was assigned to him in the main 
 building. After having the space assigned him, and he 
 had taken his locomotive to Paris, paying all the expense 
 of transportation, amounting to over one thousand dol¬ 
 lars in gold (for he did not ask or desire the government 
 to ship it for him), it seemed unkind for those in 
 authority to compel him to leave that space and go out 
 into a shed and exhibit his locomotive. I might cite 
 other instances where Mr. Beckwith made himself 
 obnoxious to exhibitors, and apparently clogged the 
 wheels of American interests in this great race of 
 nations. His course seemed very strange. I was then, 
 and am still, unable to lorm an opinion why he acted as 
 he did.” 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 13 
 
 1868.] 
 
 Mr. Reynolds, the Commissioner from Illinois, writing 
 to the “ Chicago Tribune,” says: “ Mr.. Beckwith is 
 either a regular dolt, without the slightest executive 
 ability or experience in matters of this sort, or he is 
 un-American in his whole feelings and character.” 
 
 The following is from the Commissioner of Louisiana: 
 
 Paris, November 9,1867. 
 
 James M. Usher, Esq. 
 
 Dear Sir : — The interest of the exhibitors from Louisiana 
 has prevented me from answering your note of the 28th ult. ere 
 this, and even now I am constrained, for want of time, to respond 
 very briefly to the questions propounded. 
 
 To your first, “ At what time the products of Louisiana were 
 exposed ? ” I have to answer that some of them were here at the 
 opening of the Exposition ; others arrived in the months of May 
 and June. 
 
 To your second, “ Whether Mr. Beckwith facilitated my 
 efforts in presenting my claims to the jury?” I have to say 
 that Mr. Beckwith told me that the products of Louisiana, such 
 as sugars, salt, etc., came too late to bring them to the notice of 
 the jury, inasmuch as the jury had dispersed ; that their labor 
 was at an end, and they could not be brought together again ; 
 and that instead of unpacking the goods, they had better be sold. 
 
 To your third question, “ Whether it was owing to Mr. Beck¬ 
 with that my prizes w^ere received ? ” I answer, that eight 
 prizes out of seventeen (the number awarded to Louisiana) have 
 been received by my individual effort, and, to the best of my 
 knowledge, unaided by any other person. I called upon the 
 jury and biought them together, and furnished them with 
 statistics drawn up by myself. In other instances I addressed? 
 myself, Mr. Le Play, the Imperial Chief Commissioner, and 
 through similar efforts received the above eight prizes. 
 
14 
 
 PAKIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May 
 
 At no time has Mr. Beckwith recognized me as a co-operator 
 from the State of Louisiana. It is deeply to he regretted that 
 the exalted purpose of GeLeral Banks, with regard to the Paris 
 Exposition, should have lost so much vitality during its passage 
 across the ocean, and that the American administrators here have 
 remained unmindful of, or misconstrued the invitation to co-op¬ 
 eration extended to all the States of the Union. 
 
 With much respect, your ob’t servant, 
 
 Edward Gotthiel, 
 
 Chief Commissioner from Louisiana, 
 
 P. S. — I have at this moment received a letter from Mr. 
 Beckwith, with the address, — 
 
 “ Monsieur Gotthiel, 
 
 “ Commissaire de la Louisiane, 
 
 “ a I’Exposition.” 
 
 The subjoined is from a celebrated engineer of the 
 city of New York : — 
 
 United States Section Paris Exposition, I 
 October 27, 1867. j 
 
 J. M. Usher, Esq., Principal Agent for the State of Massa¬ 
 chusetts to the Exposition, 
 
 Sir : — Your favor of the 23d is duly received, and the ques¬ 
 tions therein contained in relation to the motive power of this 
 section of the Exposition I will answer to the best of my ability. 
 
 First, “ Is the motive power furnished by an American ? If 
 not, by whom is it furnished ? ” 
 
 The motive powder is not furnished by an American. It is 
 furnished by the Imperial Commission, who, through their cou- 
 tractor, Mr. II. Flaud, have furnished us with what power we 
 have had. 
 
 Second, “To your knowledge, did any American make a 
 proposition to furnish the power ? ” 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 15 
 
 An American citizen, of New York City, made a proposition 
 to furnish the power. 
 
 Third. “ Was any conference had between you and Mr. 
 Beckwith or Mr. Derby, personally, upon the subject ?” 
 
 In the month of June, 1866, 1 had a conference with Mr. 
 Derby, who seemed to regret that no American had yet made a 
 proposition to furnish the power for the American section. I 
 consulted with my partner, and at once made the proposition to 
 furnish whatever power might be necessary, upon the terms 
 offered by the Imperial Commission, except furnishing the 
 building and chimney for the boilers. These we thought the 
 Imperial Commission should supply, on account of the many 
 disadvantages w^e should labor under from being at so great a 
 distance, and the small amount of power required by our section. 
 
 Our proposition was forwarded to Mr. Beckwith by Mr. 
 Derby, who also wrote on the subject to Mr. Beckwith, request¬ 
 ing him to accept it. To this, however, Mr. Beckwith replied 
 that the clause requiring the Imperial Commission to furnish the 
 building and chimney for the boilers was fatal to our proposition, 
 which could not, therefore, be accepted. On receipt of this, and 
 after further consultation, we reviewed our proposition, and 
 offered to furnish building, chimney, and everything else 
 required. Mr. Derby immediately forwarded this to Mr. Beck¬ 
 with, who replied that it was too late, as the Imperial Commis¬ 
 sion had awarded the contract to another party. (French.) 
 After further consultation and advice I took the next steamer, 
 w'hich sailed on the 18th of August, 1866, and arrived in Paris 
 about twelve days thereafter. Finding that Mr. Beckwith was 
 out of the city, I went to the office of Mr. Le Play, who also 
 was absent; but I was introduced to the engineer of the Imperial 
 Commission, who had charge of the mechanical arrangements of 
 the Exposition. To him I represented that I had come to see 
 if it were not yet possible to have the motive power for our 
 
16 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 section furnished by an American citizen. He replied that it 
 had been the desire of the Imperial Commission that every nation 
 should furnish its own contractor for the motive power, but that 
 Mr. Beckwith had requested the Imperial Commission to furnish 
 it for our section, as he could not find an American to do it. He 
 expressed regret that I had not come sooner, as the contract had 
 been signed only eight days 'previous. I told him I had proposed 
 to furnish the power, but that Mr. Beckwith had written that I 
 was too late wuth my second proposition, while my first had the 
 fatal clause requiring the Imperial Commission to furnish the 
 building and chimney. He seemed much surprised, and told me 
 that the Imperial Commission would, under the circumstances, 
 gladly have furnished the building and chimney. He then 
 showed me a letter from Mr. Beckwith requesting the Imperial 
 Commission to furnish the power for our section, as he could not 
 find an American to do it. Thinking something might yet be 
 done, I called on Mr. Bigelow, then the United States Minister 
 at Paris, to whom I stated all the particulars, and I received in 
 reply his opinion that we could live through it, and that it would 
 be better to have the power properly furnished by a French 
 engineer than improperly by an American ! To this I replied 
 that the proper place for the French engineers to display their 
 superiority, if they had any, would be in the French section, and 
 not in the American. 
 
 After a few days I saw Mr. Beckwith, who thought it impos¬ 
 sible to have the contract changed in any way, so I soon left for 
 New York. 
 
 Fourth. “ Have we in our section machines capable of 
 supplying the required power ? ” 
 
 We have, in the American section, a Corliss steam-engine 
 capable of running all our machinery. The engine is, without 
 doubt, the finest one ever made. It was built especially to fur¬ 
 nish the motive power for the American section, and is capable 
 
SENATE—No. 833. 
 
 17 
 
 868 .] 
 
 of doing so in a manner creditable to itself and to the country ; 
 instead of which, all the American exhibitors who have required 
 power, have been very much dissatisfied with the manner in 
 which the power has been furnished by the Imperial Commission, 
 and with their contractor, Mr. Flaud. In fact, during August 
 and September, the motive power was poor, and of so short a 
 duration each day that we could not depend on it at all, and 
 found it necessary to draw up a protest informing the public why 
 we could not exhibit our machines. Mr. Beckwith was told of 
 this notice about an hour after it was drawn up, and, strange to 
 say, the next day and ever since we have had an abundance of 
 power. As to boilers for generating steam, four were offered 
 me, provided they w’ould be used ; but when it was known that 
 the power was to be furnished by a Frenchman, the makers 
 refused to send them. Yours truly, 
 
 Tiios. R. Pickering, 
 
 Engineer, New Torh, 
 
 I have deemed the matter set forth in the foregoing 
 communications sufficiently important to deserve the 
 attention of your Excellency, of the citizens of Massa¬ 
 chusetts, and of the country. It must be evident that 
 the Commissioner-General and the Engineer for the 
 American section should have been in the truest sense 
 American^ and that the motive power for running the 
 machines should have been supplied by a citizen of the 
 United States, especially as we were able and desirous to 
 furnish all the intellect, and all the skill and instruments 
 required. 
 
 That we suffered unnecessarily through the incom¬ 
 petency or unfair purpose of the Commissioner-General) 
 who was the chief controller of American interests in the 
 
18 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May 
 
 Exposition, cannot be denied. The office required a man 
 not only of high character and education, but one con¬ 
 versant with our country’s history, its wants, its capa¬ 
 bilities, its high hopes and. aims, — a persevering, 
 efficient, patriotic, courteous American citizen. The 
 duties pertaining to the position were arduous, and 
 activity and strength were requisite to their perform¬ 
 ance. 
 
 The Commissioner-General was far advanced in years, 
 and he had lived too long in Prance — some twenty 
 years — to feel that patriotic fervor and that pride of 
 national interest which well become the citizen of free 
 America. Aristocratic tendencies, and a family ambi¬ 
 tious of courtly favor, joined with a purpose to remain 
 abroad, tend strongly to weaken, if not destroy, the 
 attachment every true American should cherish for liis 
 native land ; and he who does not heartily adopt the 
 poet’s sentiment, — 
 
 “ Before all lands, in East and West, 
 
 I love my native land the best,” 
 
 is not the man to represent his country’s interests in any 
 clime. I have been thus particular, perhaps prolix, not 
 for the purpose of casting reproach upon Mr. Beckwith, 
 however deserving of censure, but to show the reason for 
 our failure in some cases to obtain a proper recognition 
 of our rights, and eopecially to guard against a similar 
 misfortune in the future. 
 
 The fact that but few of our contributors understood 
 the French language was also an obstacle in the way of 
 our success. We were often unable to compreliend the 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 19 
 
 arrangements and orders of the Imperial Commission so 
 as to act with desirable dispatch. Many of our porters 
 were unable to converse in English, as was also our 
 cashier. Notices of the trials of machines, of the visits 
 of jurors, and of various other matters, were often very 
 inadequately given. 
 
 We suffered further, in many cases, in not having 
 intelligent persons to explain the uses and the value of 
 the goods. Jurors and judges are not always announced 
 and recognized, but frequently move quietly around 
 with other visitors, and every contributor should have 
 some one employed to explain 4;he history of his article, 
 viz., the date and origin of liis manufactory, the name 
 of the proprietor or firm, the place where it is located, 
 the capital employed, the number of hands, and whether 
 males or females, the material used, and where grown 
 and purchased, cost of material, and of manufacture 
 and other points of interest. By such an arrangement 
 the expenses to contributors would necessarily be 
 enhanced, but not in proportion to their chances for 
 success. 
 
 Here let me remark, that in order to realize the high¬ 
 est benefit from so enlarged an Exposition, a thorough 
 preparation for it should be made. Time is required, 
 that the people may be properly informed of the design, 
 and induced to contribute to its success ; and further 
 ample time to prepare and forward specimens of their 
 skill and handicraft. The United States failed to con¬ 
 tribute a long array of articles for want of time in which 
 to stir the public sentiment, and in which to manufac¬ 
 ture elegant and costly goods. There were ninety-five 
 
20 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [Maj, 
 
 classifications of goods, and in very many classes the 
 United States had not a single contribution. In the 
 seventeenth class, including porcelain, earthenware, and 
 fancy pottery, France had ninety-six contributions, Tur¬ 
 key thirty-eight, Italy twenty-one, England sixteen, the 
 United States two. In the eighteenth class, embracing 
 carpets, tapestry, and furniture stuffs, Turkey had two 
 hundred and sixty, France sixty-three, and the United 
 States none, except one for oilcloth and one for carpet 
 lining. In class twenty-three, including clock and watch 
 work, France had two hundred and twenty-six, Switzer¬ 
 land two hundred and twenty-one, the United States 
 two. In class thirty-one, including silk and silk tissues, 
 France had two hundred and fifty-seven, Turkey two 
 hundred and twenty-three, Italy one hundred and forty- 
 four, the United States one. And so on. With ample 
 time to prepare for the Exposition we should probably 
 have appeared to better advantage than we did in nearly 
 all of the ninety-five classifications. 
 
 It was a source of deep regret to me that Massachu¬ 
 setts did not, as was proposed, present the model of a 
 school-house, thoroughly furnished with desks, seats, 
 books, charts, maps, etc., for had it been in the Exposi¬ 
 tion, I am confident it would have elicited the highest 
 commendation, and have received a high award. Be¬ 
 sides, it would have been a potent missionary of educa¬ 
 tion and civilization and enlightened self-government, 
 from the old pilgrim State to the monarchs and their 
 subjects of the old world. Illinois did well in presenting 
 her model of a village school-house, with its small 
 amount of furniture and books and charts, and it re- 
 
SENATE—No. 838. 
 
 21 
 
 1868.] 
 
 ceivecl, as it deserved, the award of a silver medal. It 
 excited much and very favorable notice. I visited some 
 of the foreign schools, and carefully observed the school¬ 
 rooms and their conveniences, and I am confident that a 
 suitable model of one of our best Massachusetts school- 
 houses and a fair exhibit of our school system would 
 have been the crowning feature of our enterprise. 
 
 In view of the multiform advantages that have arisen 
 and that must result from Universal Expositions, it can¬ 
 not be doubted that they will continue to be held. The 
 errors of the past are understood, and will to a great 
 extent be overcome, and the nations that do the most to 
 foster exhibitions like the last, will be the greatest gain¬ 
 ers by them in honors, in improvements and in pecuniary 
 profits in the end. Let the United States determine now 
 to hold a Universal Exposition in 1876. It is not too 
 early to commence the enterprise. Let Congress act at 
 once. Let the time for it be fixed, and let a committee 
 be appointed, and an appropriation made; and let the 
 States be called upon in season properly to respond. Let 
 premiums be offered for essays best setting forth the 
 benefits resulting from properly conducted universal 
 fairs. In this great undertaking let Massachusetts hold 
 her honorable fame. 
 
 The invitation from the French government for the 
 United States to participate in the late Exposition, was 
 received by the Secretary of State in March, 1865, as 
 appears by the following correspondence. 
 
22 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 Mr. de Geofroy to Mr. Seward. 
 
 [Translation.] 
 
 Legation of France to the United States, > 
 Washington, March 27, 1865. ) 
 
 Sir : — By two decrees, dated June 22 and the 1st of last 
 month, the Emperor has ordered that a universal exhibition of 
 the productions of agriculture, manufacture, and the fine arts, 
 should be opened at Paris, May 1, 1867. Another decree, also 
 issued February 1, of this year, and published in the “ Moni- 
 teur’’ the 21st of the same month, has placed this grand inter¬ 
 national solemnity under the direction and supervision of a com¬ 
 mission, the presidency of which has been confided to his Serene 
 Highness Prince Napoleon. 
 
 Such a selection bears too high testimony to the importance 
 which the Emperor attaches to the success of this universal 
 exhibition to leave any need to dwell upon it. As to the com¬ 
 mission, it is composed of several of his Majesty’s ministers, of 
 high functionaries of state, as well as of the most competent of 
 notable individuals. 
 
 The government of his Majesty charges me to give notice 
 officially, of these aforesaid decrees to the cabinet of Washington, 
 to invite its valuable concurrence, and to designate an authority 
 with which the imperial commission could have a direct under¬ 
 standing. 
 
 It would also be of advantage, to avoid all loss of time, that 
 the government of the United States should make a choice at 
 Paris of an agent who would be specially delegated to be near his 
 Serene Highness the Prince Napoleon. 
 
 This mode of procedure is the most suitable channel, and the 
 speediest, to convey to the knowledge of the imperial commission 
 the wishes of the exhibitors from abroad. 
 
 The government of his Majesty would attach a high value to 
 being informed as early as possible of the result of the steps I 
 
23 
 
 1868.] SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 am charged to take which have an exceptional character of 
 urgency. 
 
 The objects sent to the exhibition will be received, in effect, in 
 a palace constructed for the occasion of this solemnity, and the 
 size of which should meet the actual need of the exhibitors of all 
 nations. But that the general arrangements and plans which 
 shall be adopted may be in relation with the claims for space 
 which will be preferred, it will be necessary that the imperial 
 commission should know, with the least delay, what States will 
 take part in the exhibition, and how much space each would 
 desire to obtain. 
 
 In ending the letter he has written to me on the subject, the 
 minister for foreign affairs adds that he is gratified to hope that 
 the government of the United States will show a disposition to 
 facilitate, so far as it is concerned, the success of the work con¬ 
 fided to the imperial commission. It is too enlightened not to 
 •appreciate the advantages of these solemnities, at which nations 
 contract new ties, collect useful and mutual lessons, and thus 
 assure the development of their prosperity. 
 
 • Accept, sir, the assurances of my high consideration, 
 
 L. DE Geofroy. 
 
 Hon. William H. Seward, &c., &c., &c. 
 
 Mr. Seward to Mr. Bigelow. 
 
 [No. 105.] Department of State, ) 
 
 Washington, April 5, 1865.) 
 
 Sir : — I give you, for your information, a copy of a note 
 which I have recently received from Mr. de Geofroy, charge 
 d’affaires of the Emperor, concerning a projected universal exhi¬ 
 bition of productions of agriculture, manufactures, and the fine 
 arts, to be opened at Paris on the first day of May, 1867, under 
 the direction and supervision of a commission in which his Serene 
 Highness the Prince Napoleon will preside. 
 
24 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May 
 
 You will inform Mr. Drouyn de THuys that the President of 
 the United States regards the project thus described with great 
 favor, as well because of the beneficent infiuence it may be 
 expected to exert upon the prosperity of the nations as of its 
 tendency to preserve peace and mutual friendship among them. 
 
 The Prince Napoleon is mest favorably known on this side of 
 the Atlantic, and his connection with the exhibition will increase 
 its proper prestige in the eyes of the government and people of 
 the United States. 
 
 What the executive government can do by way of concurrence 
 in the noble purpose of his Majesty will, therefore, be very 
 cheerfully done. The design and arrangements will be promptly 
 promulgated. For the present you will confer with Mr. Drouyn 
 de I’Huys as a special agent of this government, and bring your¬ 
 self into near relations wdth the Prince. 
 
 This is as far, however, as the President is able to proceed 
 without special legislative authority. Application for that 
 authority will be made to Congress when it shall have convened. 
 In the mean time this department will receive and give due atten¬ 
 tion to any suggestions which the government of France may 
 desire to oflfer, with a view to a complete success of the contem¬ 
 plated exhibition. 
 
 I am, sir, your obedient servant, 
 
 William H. Seward. 
 
 John Bigelow, Esq., &c., &c., &c. 
 
 Mr. Seivard to 31. de Geofroy. 
 
 Department of State, ) 
 Washington, April 7, 1865.) 
 
 Sir : — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your 
 note of the 27th ultimo, in regard to the arrangements made by 
 the imperial gu. . ment for opening at Paris, in the year 1867, 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 338. 
 
 25 
 
 a universal exhibition of the productions of agriculture, manu¬ 
 factures, and the fine arts. 
 
 I have the honor to inform you that I have conveyed to the 
 minister for foreign affairs of his Imperial Majesty, through Mr. 
 Bigelow, the minister of the United States at Paris, the reply of 
 this government to the very courteous invitation contained in 
 your note. A copy of my instruction to Mr. Bigelow, which 
 bears the date of the 5th instant, is inclosed for your information ; 
 and T have the honor to acquaint you that the correspondence 
 which has taken place on the subject will be immediately made 
 public. 
 
 Accept, sir, a renewed assurance of my highest consideration. 
 
 William H. Seward, 
 
 By F. W. Seward, 
 
 Assistant Secretary. 
 
 Mr. L. DE Geofroy, &c., &c., &c. 
 
 The foregoing correspondence was published in the 
 newspapers on or about the 8th of April, 1865. 
 
 Nearly a year elapsed after the invitation was received 
 before Congress took any action upon the subject. Jan¬ 
 uary 15, 1866, Congress passed the following Resolves: 
 
 Joint Resolution of Congress in relation to the Industrial 
 Exposition at Paris, France. 
 
 Whereas, The United States have been invited by the govern¬ 
 ment of France to take part in a Universal Exposition of the 
 productions of agriculture, manufactures, and the fine arts, to be 
 held in Paris, France, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty- 
 seven : 
 
 .Be it resolved ly the Senate and House of Representatives of 
 the United States of America in Congress assemhled.^ That said 
 invitation is accepted. 
 
26 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 Sect. 2. And he it further resolved^ That the proceedings 
 heretofore adopted by the secretary of state in relation to the said 
 exposition, as set forth in his report and accompanying docu¬ 
 ments concerning that subject, transmitted to both houses of 
 Congress with the President’s message of the eleventh instant, 
 are approved. 
 
 Sect. 3. And he it further resolved^ That the general agent 
 for the said exposition at New York be authorized to employ 
 such clerks as may be necessary to enable him to fulfil the 
 requirements of the regulations of the Imperial Commission, not 
 to exceed four in number, one of whom shall receive compensa¬ 
 tion at the rate of eighteen hundred dollars per annum, one at 
 sixteen hundred dollars, and two at fourteen hundred dollars. 
 
 Sect. 4. And he it further resolved, That the secretary of 
 state be and is hereby authorized and requested to prescribe such 
 general regulations concerning the conduct of the business relat¬ 
 ing to the part to be taken by the United States in the exposition 
 as may be proper. \_Approved January 15, 1866. 
 
 It will be seen that no appropriation was made by 
 Congress for the expense of freighting goods across the 
 ocean; and it was not until July, 1866, that such pro¬ 
 vision was made for the encouragement of our contribu¬ 
 tors by the following Joint Resolution : — 
 
 Joint Resolution to enable the people of the United States to 
 participate in the advantages of the Universal Exposition at 
 Paris in eighteen hundred and sixty-seven. 
 
 Be it resolved hy the Senate and House of Representatives of 
 the United States of America in Congress assembled. That, in 
 order to enable the people of the United States to participate in 
 the advantages of the Universal Exhibition of the productions of 
 agriculture, manufactures, and the fine arts, to be held at Paris 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 27 
 
 in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, the following sums, 
 or so much thereof as may be necessary for the purposes sever¬ 
 ally specified, are hereby appropriated out of any money in the 
 treasury not otherwise appropriated: — 
 
 First. To provide necessary furniture and fixtures for the 
 proper exhibition of the productions of the United States, 
 according to the plan of the Imperial Commissioners, in that part 
 of the building exclusively assigned to the use of the United 
 States, forty-eight thousand dollars. 
 
 Secondly. To provide additional accommodations in the park, 
 twenty-five thousand dollars. 
 
 Thirdly. For the compensation of the principal agent of the 
 exhibition in the United States, at the rate of two thousand 
 dollars a year : provided, that the period of such service shall not 
 extend beyond sixty days after the close of the exhibition, four 
 thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be found necessary^ 
 Fourthly. For ofl&ce rent at New York ; for fixtures, sta¬ 
 tionery, and advertising ; for rent of storehouse for reception of 
 articles and products; for expenses of shipping, including cart¬ 
 ages, &c. ; for freights on the articles to be exhibited from New 
 York to France; and for compensation of four clerks, in con¬ 
 formity with the joint resolution approved on the fifteenth of 
 January, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, and for contingent 
 expenses, the sum of thirty-three thousand seven hundred 
 dollars, or so much thereof as may be found necessary. 
 
 Fifthly. For expenses in receiving, bonding, storage, cartage, 
 labor, and so forth, at Havre; for railw^ay transportation from 
 Havre to Paris; for labor in the palace; for sweeping and 
 sprinkling compartments for seven months; for guards and 
 keepers for seven months; for linguists (eight men) for seven 
 mouths; for storing, packing boxes, carting, and for material 
 for repacking; for clerk-hire, stationery, rent, and contingent 
 
28 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May 
 
 expenses, the sum of thirty-five thousand seven hundred and 
 three dollars, or so much thereof as may be found necessary. 
 
 Sixthly. For the travelling expenses of ten professional and 
 scientific commissioners, to be appointed by the Pr(!sident, by and 
 with the advice and consent of the Senate, at the rate of one 
 thoUvSand dollars each, ten thousand dollars, it being understood 
 that the President may appoint additional commissioners, not 
 exceeding twenty in number, whose expenses shall not be paid ; 
 but no person interested, directly or indirectly, in any article 
 exhibited shall be a commissioner; nor shall any member of 
 Congress, or any person holding an appointment or office of 
 honor or trust under the United States be appointed a commis¬ 
 sioner, agent, or officer, under this resolution. 
 
 Sect. 2. And he it further resolved.. That the governors of 
 the several States be, and they are hereby, requested to invite the 
 patriotic people of their respective States to assist in the proper 
 representation of the handiwork of our artisans, and the prolific 
 sources of material wealth with which our land is blessed, and to 
 take such further measures as may be necessary to diffuse a 
 knowledge of the proposed exhibition, and to secure to their 
 respective States the advantages which it promises. 
 
 Sect. 3. And he it further resolved. That it shall be the 
 duty of the said general agent at New York, and the said com¬ 
 missioner-general at Paris, to transmit to Congress, through the 
 Department of State, a detailed statement of the manner in 
 which such expenditures as are herein before provide [d] for are 
 made by them respectively. [Approved July 5, 1866. 
 
 The State governments had then to act, and matters 
 were so long delayed that the number of onr contributors 
 was necessarily small, and the advantages to us, resulting 
 from the Exposition, were proportionately limited. 
 
 The following is a list of the United States Commis- 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333 
 
 29 
 
 sioners, of the Committees and their places of residence, 
 and the subjects upon which they were to make 
 report: — 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Commissioner-General N. M. BECKWITH, President, 
 
 Hon. SAM’L B. RUGGLES. Vw-President, 
 
 Ij. MET.LEX, Secretary, (Alabama State Commissioner,) 
 
 J. C. DERBY, United States Getieral Agents 
 
 Paris 
 New York 
 Cleveland, O 
 New York’. 
 
 Prof. J. P. Lesley, Philadelphia. 
 F. A. P. Barnard, LL.D., New York. 
 Col. Charles B. Norton, Paris. 
 
 {New Y'ork State Commissioner.) 
 Frank Leslie, New York. 
 
 Paran Stevens, New York- 
 
 Charles B. Seymour, New York. 
 
 Thomas W. Evans, M. D., Paris. 
 W. J. Valentine, London. 
 
 Charles R. Goodwin, Paris. 
 
 E. R. Mudge, Boston. 
 
 WiTlam A. Budd, New York. 
 
 James H. Bowen, Chicago, III. 
 Prof. H. P. Q. D’Aligny, Boston. 
 
 (Michigan State Com.missioner.) 
 William Slade, Cleveland, Ohio. 
 John P. Kennedy, Baltimore, Md. 
 Prof, J. Lawience Smith, Loui.sville. 
 
 (Is entucky State Commissioner.) 
 Robert Berney, Paris, 
 
 Alex. Thompson, M.D., Aurora, N.Y. 
 Marshall P. Wilder, Boston. 
 
 Prof. S. F. B. Morse, New York. 
 
 John P. Reynolds, Springfield. 
 
 (Illinois State Commissioner.) 
 William J. Flagg, Cincinnati. 
 
 Abram S. Hewitt, New Y^ork. 
 
 Prof. John T, Frazer, Philadelphia. 
 J. R. Freese, M. D., Trenton, N. J. 
 Ellioit C. Cowdin, XewYork. 
 
 George S. Hazard, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Prof. William B, Rogers, Boston. 
 C. K. Garrison, New York. 
 
 William E. Johnston, M. D, Paris. 
 Alex. T. Stewart, New York, 
 
 P. Barry, Rochester. 
 
 J. H. Chadwick, Boston. 
 
 Thomas McElrath, New Y"ork. 
 
 Prof. J. W. Hoyt, Madison, Wis. 
 
 (Wisconsin State Commissioner.) 
 J. M. Usher, Boston. 
 
 (Massachusetts State Commiss’ner.) 
 James L. Butler, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 (Missouri State Commissioner.) 
 James Archer, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 W. P\ Auchincloss, New York, 
 
 COMMITTEES. 
 
 1. “ On new inventions in the useful arts.”— Barnard, Valentine, Norton 
 and Morse. 
 
 2. “On the most valuable products, or results derived from new and 
 advanced processes, in science, art, and the general field of industry, 
 including a practical description of the methods and processes employed.’’ 
 — Smith, Slade, and Seymour. 
 
 3. “On mineral and agricultural products of importance in connection 
 
30 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May 
 
 with ocean and inland transportation.”—Ruggles, Kennedy, and Hazard. 
 
 4. “On raw material and manufjcturesof great general use, or displaying 
 remarkal'/le skill or merit.”—Mudge.Cowdin, Bowen, Reynolds, and Mellen, 
 
 5. “ On implements, machines, and tools.”—Auchincloss Goodwin, and 
 Frazer. 
 
 G. “On metallurgy, and the extractive arts in general.” — Hewitt 
 Lesley, and D’Aligny. 
 
 7. “On the products of chemistry and the preparation of food and 
 clothing.”—Johnston, Stevens, Berney, and Smith. 
 
 8. “ On rural and other habitations, and on school-houses and the means 
 of promoting and extending popular education.”—Bowen, Freese, and 
 Hoyt. 
 
 9. “On horticulture, pomology, and the culture and the products of the 
 vine.”—AVilder, Thompson, Flagg, and Barry. 
 
 10. “On the Fine Arts and their application to practical and popular 
 purposes.”—Leslie, Evans, and Morse. 
 
 11. “ On a brief general survey of the Exposition, and upon the character 
 and condition of the American Department.”— Seymour, Evans, and 
 Auchincloss. 
 
 Section two of the Act passed in July, 1866, is as 
 follows : — 
 
 “ And he it further resolved^ That the governors of the several 
 States be and they are hereby requested to invite the patriotic 
 people of their respective States to assist in the proper repre¬ 
 sentation of the handiwork of our artisans and the prolific sources 
 of material wealth with which our land is blessed ; and to take 
 such further measures as may be necessary to diffuse a knowl¬ 
 edge of the proposed exhibition, and to secure to their respective 
 States the advantages it promises.” 
 
 Congress of course desired and expected the legislative 
 action of the States. Many of them took such action, 
 and appointed commissioners to represent them in the 
 Exposition. 
 
 The subjoined Resolves will show the action taken by 
 Massachusetts: — 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 832. 
 
 31 
 
 RESOLVES CONCERNING THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION AT PARIS 
 
 Whereas, There is to be held in Paris, under the auspices of 
 the French Government, during the year eighteen hundred and 
 sixty-seven, a “ universal exposition of the agricultural, manu¬ 
 facturing, and artistic productions of all nations; and whereas, 
 our general government has initiated measures to have the 
 United States of America represented in that Exposition; and 
 whereas, we think it the duty of Massachusetts to co-operate 
 with our general government, in order that the enterprise, 
 ingenuity, and skill, of the citizens of this Commonwealth may 
 be more fully exhibited on that occasion; therefore 
 
 Resolved, That the governor, by and with the advice and con¬ 
 sent of the council, be and hereby is authorized to appoint a 
 commissioner to attend said exposition, and co-operate with the 
 commissioner accredited by our general government to the 
 imperial commission ; and, also, as many agents as to his excel¬ 
 lency shall seem necessary to co-operate with the State commis¬ 
 sioner and any agents appointed by the general government, in 
 organizing and forwarding the movement in the United States, 
 by furnishing to citizens of Massachusetts, desirous of exhibiting 
 their industrial products at said exposition, the requisite informa¬ 
 tion and facilities. 
 
 Resolved, That to carry into effect the provisions of the fore¬ 
 going resolve, there be allowed and paid out of the treasury of 
 the Commonwealth such sums of money, not to exceed ten 
 thousand dollars in all, as the governor and council shall deem 
 necessary. \_Approved May 18, 1866. 
 
 The following is a list of the States’ Commissioners, 
 so far as I have been able to obtain them: — 
 
 Maine. — Charles B. Shaw. 
 
 Vermont. — Prof. Albert D. Hager. 
 
32 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 Massachusetts. — Prof. William B. Rogers, Commissioner , 
 
 J. M. Usher, Principal Agent. 
 
 Rhode Island. — John G. Perry, Esq. 
 
 Connecticut. — Hon. W. B. Douglass. 
 
 New York. — Col. Charles B. Norton. 
 
 Virginia. — F. H. Dissdebar, Esq. 
 
 Alabama. — L. F. Mellen, Esq. 
 
 Mississippi. — Dr. Morris Emanuel. 
 
 Louisiana. — Edward Gotthiel, Esq. 
 
 Kentucky. — James Lawrence Smith, Esq. 
 
 Missouri. —James L. Butler, Esq., Stephen Ridgelly, Esq., 
 George Englemau, Esq., A. Dessault de Sassus, Esq., Lewis A. 
 LeBaum, Esq. 
 
 Indiana. — John A. Wilstach, Esq. 
 
 Michigan. — H. F. G. D’Aligny, Esq. 
 
 Illinois. — Hon. John P. Rej/nolds. 
 
 Iowa. — Dr. J. M. Shaffer, Dr.-Thieme. 
 
 Wisconsin. —Dr. J. U. Hoyt, Col. E. Daniels, Hon. W. H. 
 Doe, Hon. C. C. Sholes, Hon B. F. Hopkins, Surgeon-General 
 E. B. Walcott, Henry Berthelet, Esq., Daniel Newhall, Esq., 
 IT. S. Durand, Esq. 
 
 Kansas. — Isaac Young. 
 
 Nevada. — Col. Daniel E. Buel. 
 
 California. — William P. Blake, Esq. 
 
 The following is a list of the co-operative agents from 
 this State. Many of them did not appear, to bo 
 qualified: — 
 
 Boston. — Charles T. Moore, Charles H. Dalton, James H. 
 Weeks, Milton M. Saunders. 
 
 Lowell. — Samuel Fay, Charles P. Talbot. 
 
 Holyoke. — Jones S. Davis. 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 33 
 
 1868.] 
 
 Dorchester. — Ricbard W. Robinson. 
 
 Somerville. — John E. Tvler. 
 
 Brookline. — George M. Dexter. 
 
 Newton. — Hiram Tucker. 
 
 Worcester. — Russell L. Hawes, Francis H. Derby, George 
 Crompton- 
 
 Wrentham. — Albert G. Hills. 
 
 Fitchburg. — Eugene T. Miles. 
 
 Did not Qualify. 
 
 Boston. — Henry Woods, William W. Warren, Samuel G. 
 Moore, Robert H. Darrah, Erastus B.' Bigelow. 
 
 Ware. — Sylvanus J. Newhall. 
 
 Fall River. — Bradford M. C. Durfee. 
 
 Springfield. — George AValker. 
 
 Greenfield. — George T. Davis. 
 
 Salem. — Charles T. Pierson. 
 
 Worcester. — Joseph Sargent. 
 
 The day appointed for the distribution of the gold 
 medals was a holiday in Paris, and an occasion of much 
 interest to contributors. It seemed to be a season of 
 more general excitement and display than the day of the 
 opening. The whole city of Paris was gayly decorated, 
 banners waved, fountains played, and music filled the 
 air. Thousands on thousands thronged the avenues and 
 gardens and places of pleasurable resort, and joy and 
 gladness ruled the hour. The hall occupying the entire 
 second story of the palace used for the Paris Exposition 
 in 1865 was the place for bestowing the awards, and it 
 was filled to its utmost capacity, some twenty thousand 
 persons being present. There were twenty-five entrances 
 
34 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 to the hall, so that the vast crowd could enter with little 
 delay or confusion, each ticket indicating the seat to he 
 occupied and the entrance by which it must be reached. 
 As none but gold medals were to be announced, no 
 tickets werfe issued to the recipients of silver or bronze 
 medals or honorable mention. This I regard as a most 
 unfair distinction, when all contributors expected, and 
 should have been invited, to be present. I will not here 
 describe tlie decorations of the hall, the illustrious per¬ 
 sons there assembled, nor all the ceremonies of the 
 occasion. 
 
 Immediately on the occupation of the platform the 
 orchestra commenced with the grand hymn composed by 
 Rossini for the occasion. It was partly instrumental, 
 partly vocal, and contained a grand march ending in a 
 spirited chorus with the ringing of bells and tliQ firing 
 of cannon. It was heartily applauded, and at its close 
 tremendous shouts of vive V Empereur burst forth. As 
 soon as the intense excitement had subsided, M. Rouher, 
 Minister of State and Vice-President of the Imperial 
 Commission, arose and read the report relating to the 
 success of the Exposition. Around him were members 
 of the various commissions, the international jury, and 
 distinguished persons of every nation. I give the address 
 of the Minister of State: — 
 
 Sire : — At the commencement of this solemnity, it is the 
 duty of the Commission established under the honorable presi¬ 
 dency of his Highness, the Prince Imperial, whom, with so much 
 joy, we see near the Emperor, to retrace in a few words the 
 efforts which it has made to accomplish the mission confided to it 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 35 
 
 by your majesty; to mention the zealous and beneficial co-opera¬ 
 tion by which the accomplishment of its work was facilitated and 
 rendered possible; and finally, to indicate the characteristics and 
 the principal results of this great international exhibition. 
 
 The obstacles which the Imperial Commission had to surmount 
 were considerable. It was necessary to transform the Champ de 
 Mars, to erect there all those constructions that now adorn the 
 park, to build the palace, a vast monument spread over a surface 
 of thirty-seven acres (fifteen hectares) ; then to instal there and 
 classify the articles to be exhibited, and finally to foresee and 
 satisfy the various wants created by this immense agglomeration 
 of things and of persons. 
 
 The time for producing such a result was measured out to us 
 with the greatest parsimony; a few months only were granted to 
 us, and this time was farther shortened by long periods of 
 inclement weather. 
 
 In addition to this, the magnitude of the present enterprise far 
 surpasses that of the preceding expositions. A few figures will 
 suffice by way of comparison. 
 
 The surface occupied by the palace and its dependencies was, 
 in 1855, thirty-seven acres (fifteen hectares) ; in 1862, thirty- 
 one acres (twelve and a half hectares) ; while in 1867, it some 
 what exceeds one hundred acres (forty hectares) ; more than 
 one-third of which is covered by the palace. 
 
 The number of exhibitors was, in 1855, 22,000; in 1862, 
 28,000 ; while to-day the number reaches 60,000. 
 
 The weight of the articles exhibited cannot be estimated at less 
 than 28,000 tons. The communication established between the 
 palace and the railroads of the continent, alone rendered it pos¬ 
 sible to transport and instal with proper care and celerity this 
 astonishing number of articles, the greater part of which arrived 
 during the last few days of the month of March. 
 
 The power employed to operate the various machines equals 
 
36 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May 
 
 that of a thousand horses. The hydraulic service is established 
 upon the basis of a distribution of water sufficient to satisfy 
 abundantly the wants of a city of 100,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Notwithstanding the gigantic labors requisite to satisfy such 
 necessities, the work was found ready at the appointed time. But 
 has success crowned the enterprise ? Have these united efforts 
 earned the double and precious reward which was their aim, — 
 the approbation of your majesty and the suffrages of public 
 opinion ? 
 
 If w'e are not deceived, the judgment is pronounced to-day. 
 Every one has been struck with the conception of the general 
 plan, and with the facilities that it offers for comparison and 
 study. All approve that law’ of unity which brings together in 
 the Champ de Mars the fine arts, industry, agricultuie, horticul¬ 
 ture, formerly kept separate in distinct localities; and which pre¬ 
 sents within the same inclosure all the manifestations of human 
 activity. 
 
 Public opinion acknowledges that the edifice, criticised for a 
 moment, is perfectly adapted to its destination ; it understands 
 that the conditions necessary for a clear and methodic classifica¬ 
 tion of nations and their productions, could not be sacrificed to 
 the desire of a monumental aspect; and that vast naves would 
 have thrown into the shade the articles to be exhibited, instead 
 of showing them off in their true colors. 
 
 A lofty nave should be reserved exclusively for machines, — 
 for those powerful engines of modern industry that demand a 
 situation proportionate to their mass, and a space in which their 
 power and their precision can be exercised without confusion, 
 untrammeled, and without danger. 
 
 The bold dimensions of the circular gallery, having a platform 
 which isolates and protects the public from the contact of the 
 machine, most happily realized this programme, and demonstrates 
 both the perfection now attained by our constructions of iron, 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 37 
 
 and also the great merit of the engineer who directed these 
 works. 
 
 The favor of visitors, both French and foreign, has likewise 
 consecrated the success of the workshops, for manual labor, in 
 which we see the skill of the workman ingeniously transform the 
 material, and vie with machinery in perfection and rapidity; of 
 the galleries of the history of labor, rich in treasures borrowed 
 from public and private collections; of the park, with its cities 
 of w'orkmen, its types of the buildings of various countries, so 
 original and picturesque ; of the reserved garden, a sort of oasis 
 extemporized in the midst of the arid wastes ; of the measures 
 taken to profit by the fortunate vicinity of the Seine, w'hich gives 
 to these varied pictures the framework of the river itself, ani¬ 
 mated by the flags of its pleasure flotilla; finally, of the Exposi¬ 
 tion of Billancourt, where the agriculturist can see in operation 
 the implements that interest him, and become acquainted with 
 the results of the different systems of cultivation. 
 
 We may be permitted. Sire, without wounding the rules of 
 modesty, to enumerate with some complacency all these elements 
 of success. The efforts of the Imperial Commission, the great 
 experience and devotion of the commissary-general, and the 
 untiring zeal of his assistants, would uot have been sufficient to 
 overcome the difficulties of the enterprise. We have but a sec¬ 
 ondary part in the work, — the principal honor belongs to others, 
 and we wish here to convey to them the expression of our grati¬ 
 tude. The foreign commissions, compose d of eminent men of all 
 countries, have had, in their respective sections, the most entire 
 latitude. It is, then, to them that belongs the merit of all those 
 original and elegant arrangements, which, by their variety, have 
 contributed so much to the beauty of the whole. 
 
 In the French section, the labor of admissions was prepared 
 by special committees, zealously and conscientiously. 
 
 The right of admission once given, it was necessary to proceed 
 
88 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 to the reception and arrangement of the articles. Instead of cen¬ 
 tralizing in its own hands this delicate work, the Imperial Com¬ 
 mission confided it to syndicates of delegates, freely chosen or 
 accepted by the exhibitors, who acquitted themselves of this 
 duty with a disinterestedness and impartiality unanimously 
 acknowledged. 
 
 But the true creators of all these splendors so much admired 
 by the ceaseless throngs of visitors, the heroes of this grand 
 solemnity, are those fifty thousand artists, fabricators, manufac¬ 
 turers, and their millions of workmen, whose labors constitute at 
 once the riches of nations and the history of civilization. 
 
 It was necessary to choose the most worthy among all these 
 competitors. This mission bristled with obstacles; it was con¬ 
 fided to an international jury, —a vast and imposing tribunal, 
 — composed of six hundred members, chosen from the scientific, 
 industrial, commercial, artistic, and social notabilities of all 
 countries. This tribunal labored unceasingly. Its members 
 were enabled to rise into those lofty and serene regions where all 
 partiality dissappears, and w^here the spirit of patriotism itself is 
 effaced with respect before a sentiment still more noble, — that 
 of justice. Under this generous inspiration, the most vexed 
 questions concerning pre-eminence among the various branches 
 of industry followed by rival nations, were approached and 
 resolved with a lofty certainty of view. 
 
 Thanks to an activity that surmounted all fatigues, the deci¬ 
 sions required of the jury for the first of July, have all been 
 rendered, and the result can now be proclaimed before your 
 majesty. 
 
 The jury has awarded to exhibitors 64 grand prizes, 883 gold 
 medals, 3,653 silver medals, 6,565 bronze medals, 5,801 hon¬ 
 orable mentions. 
 
 Notwithstanding this great number of awards, the jury was 
 obliged to limit its choice, and to pass over without any designa- 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 39 
 
 tion many interesting exhibitions of distinguished merit and 
 industrial efforts worthy of more serious encouragement. 
 
 The jury of the new order of recompenses has no less worthily 
 fulfilled its task, complicated with difficult investigations, since 
 the duty assigned to it was, not to examine industrial products, 
 but to analyze and compare social facts. It has granted twelve 
 prizes, tv^enty-four honorable mentions, and four citations. 
 
 The crowning point of the present solemnity will be found in 
 the proclamation of awards more highly prized still. Your 
 majesty has deigned to grant to the most distinguished of the 
 competitors in this pacific combat, your imperial order of the 
 Leg'on of Honor. 
 
 The Imperial Commission lays at the foot of the throne its 
 most humble thanks for such pledges of an august sympathy. 
 
 Permit us, Sire, before closing this Report, to utter some 
 words of appreciation concerning the character and the principal 
 results of the Universal Exposition, without pretending, how¬ 
 ever, to measure all its political and international bearing. One 
 of its titles to the attention of contemporaries and of posterity is 
 certainly its character of universality. Europe has not alone 
 taken part in this competition. The New World, Africa, the 
 extreme East, have come to add new traits to its physiognomy. 
 
 The United States of America, estranged in 1862 from pacific 
 emulation by a great war, have claimed for the Exposition of 
 1867 the place assigned to them in the world by their political 
 and industrial importance, and they have nobly held their rank. 
 
 The Ottoman Empire and the Mussulman states of the west 
 and north of Africa have not limited themselves to sending us 
 their productions alone ; they have, in some sort, initiated us into 
 their civilization, by transplanting to the Champ de Mars their 
 monuments, their habitations, and the spectacle of their domestic 
 life. The honor of these innovations is attributable to the per¬ 
 sonal intervention of the sovereigns of these states, who were 
 
PAKIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 40 
 
 [May 
 
 desirous of presiding in person over the organization of their 
 portions of the Exposition. 
 
 The countries of the extreme East that had hitherto kept 
 themselves aloof from our international exhibitions, have been 
 brought by the zeal of our consular agents, our merchants, our 
 missionaries, and our savans, to take a part in this competition of 
 nations. The genius of invention has multiplied time and over¬ 
 whelmed distances. Those great and industrious nations that 
 we call Persia, China, Japan, and their satellites, are attracted 
 henceforth into the orbit of our civilization, to the great advan¬ 
 tage of prosperity and of universal progress. This reunion in 
 one and the same inclosure, of ail nations, having no other ambi¬ 
 tion than that of being found good, no other rivalry than that of 
 being the better, and vicing with each other in displaying their 
 productions, their resources, their inventions, presents itself to 
 the astonished intelligence and excited spirit, as a magnificent 
 tableau of t!ie successive conquests of the labor of centuries, and 
 of incessant progress in human perfectibility. 
 
 The organization of the tenth group and the establishment of 
 special rewards, had for their object the solemn manifestation of 
 those moral ameliorations which aie at once the duty and the 
 honor of humanity. 
 
 The tenth group comprises those objects that are peculiarly 
 connected with the physical, material, and moral condition of 
 the various populations. It follows the laborer in the difierent 
 phases of his existence, — infant schools, schools for adults, 
 cheap articles of domestic use, habitations, dress, products, 
 instruments and methods of labor. This plan, conscientiously 
 followed out, gives us for the first time a clear view of those 
 modest but powerful elements of social progress, that have been 
 almost entirely neglected in the system of the preceding expo¬ 
 sitions. 
 
 The object of creating the new order of rewards was to sig- 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 41 
 
 nalize the services rendered by persons, establishments, or 
 countries, which, by an organization or by special institutions, 
 have laid the foundation and assured the development of good 
 harmony among those co-operating in the same labors. 
 
 This creation has given place to a vast and minute inquiry, 
 pursued for six mouths by the jury in the principal countries 
 that have taken part in this Exposition, and concerning all the 
 facts relating to this problem, whose equitable solution is of such 
 vast importance to the stability of modern societies. Our labor 
 will not be sterile; it will have imitators; it will open new 
 horizons to the explorations of intelligent and generous spirits. 
 It will be the honor of the Universal Exposition of 1867, that it 
 has opened the way to these lofty international investigations. 
 
 The Universal Exposition has thus revealed new industrial 
 processes and initiatives, which, without it, might have remained 
 powerless or unknown ; it has placed in its proper light that law 
 of the division of labor, so fruitful among both nations and indi¬ 
 viduals ; it has given a brilliant consecration to those principles 
 of commercial liberty boldly inaugurated in France by your 
 majesty; it has multiplied among nations their economical rela¬ 
 tions, and marked out, at a near approaching date, the prolific 
 solution of the problem of the unification of weights, measures, 
 and moneys. 
 
 The International Exposition is producing fruits more precious 
 still; it is dissipating inveterate prejudices, overthrowing secular 
 hatreds, and calling into existence sentiments of reciprocal 
 esteem. The people drawn by this extraordinary spectacle to 
 this splendid capital, seek vainly here for the traces of past revo¬ 
 lutions, and everywhere find that grandeur and that prosperity, 
 produced by security for the present, and just confidence in the 
 future. Princes and sovereigns, attracted by a noble hospitality 
 follow each other into this temple of civilization, in order to 
 exchange those words of friendship that open calm horizons 
 
42 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 to all human activities, and strengthen the peace of the world. 
 
 Under all these titles, Sire, the Universal Exposition of 1867 
 will furnish a brilliant page to the history of the reign of your 
 majesty, and of the grandeurs of the nineteenth century. 
 
 When M. Ronher had concluded his report, the 
 Emperor arose, and with firm voice made the following 
 admirable reply: — 
 
 Gentlemen: — After an interval of twelve years I come for 
 the second time to distribute recompense to those who have most 
 distinguished themselves in the labors which enrich nations, 
 embellish private life, and soften manners. 
 
 The poets of antiquity celebrated magnificently the solemn 
 games in which the various people of Greece came to dispute the 
 prize of running. What would they say to-day if they witnessed 
 these Olympian contests of the entire world, where all the 
 nations, competing by intelligence, seem to dash forward, all at 
 the same time, in the career of infinite progress towards an ideal 
 which is ever approached, but never attained. 
 
 From all points of the earth the representatives of science, 
 art, and manufactui es have hastened to assemble together, and it 
 may be said that peoples and kings have come to honor the 
 efforts of labor, and by their presence crown them with an idea 
 of conciliation and peace. 
 
 In fact, in these great meetings, which appear to have only 
 for their object material interests, there is always a moral thought 
 which is evolved from the competition of intelligence,— that of 
 concord and civilization. Nations in drawing nearer together, 
 learn to know and esteem each other; hate becomes extin¬ 
 guished, and this truth becomes more and more accredited, — 
 that the prosperity of each country contributes to that of all. 
 
 The Exhibition of 1867 may justly be called Universal, for it 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 43 
 
 1868.] 
 
 unites the elements of all the riches of the globe ; by the side of 
 the latest improvements of modern art appear the products of the 
 most remote ages, so that they represent, at the same time, the 
 genius of every century and every nation. It is certainly uni¬ 
 versal : for, by the side of the wonders which luxury produces 
 for some, it has paid the deepest attention to what the necessi- 
 ^ ties of the greatest number require. Never have the interests 
 t)f the laborious classes awakened a more lively solicitude. Their 
 moral and material wants, their education, the conditions of 
 cheap existence, and the most productive combinations of associ¬ 
 ation, have been the object of patient research and serious study. 
 Thus, all improvements progress side by side. If science, in 
 subjugating matter, emancipates labor, the culture of the mind, 
 by suppressing vices, prejudices, and vulgar passions, sets 
 humanity free. 
 
 Let us congratulate ourselves, gentlemen, on having received 
 amongst us the greater number of the sovereigns and princes of 
 Europe, and so many eager visitors. Let us be proud, too, in 
 having shown to them France as she is, great, prosperous, and 
 free. One must be destitute of all patriotic faith to doubt her 
 greatness, close one’s eyes to evidence to deny her prosperity, 
 and ignore her institutions, which are sometimes tolerant even to 
 the extent of license, not to perceive the liberty existing there. 
 
 Foreigners have been able to appreciate this France, formerly 
 so unquiet, and sprea'ding her disturbing influences beyond her 
 frontiers, now laborious and calm, always fruitful in generous 
 ideas, applying her genius to the most varied marvels, and never 
 allowing herself to be enervated by material enjoyments. 
 
 Observing minds will easily have divined that, notwithstand¬ 
 ing the development of wealth, notwithstanding the attraction 
 towards general comfort, the national fibre is always ready to 
 vibrate when a question of honor or of country arises ; but this 
 
44 PARIS EXPOSITION. [May, 
 
 noble susceptibility cannot be a subject of apprehension for the 
 repose of the world. 
 
 Let those who have lived some short time amongst us carry 
 back with them a just opinion of our country. Let them be 
 convinced of the sentiments of esteem and sympathy which we 
 entertain for foreign nations, and of our sincere desire to live in 
 peace with them. 
 
 I thank the Imperial Commission, the members of the Jury, 
 and the different committees, for the intelligent zeal which they 
 have displayed in the accomplishment of their mission. I thank 
 them, also, in the name of the Prince Imperial, whom I was 
 happy to associate, notwithstanding his tender age, in this great 
 undertaking, of which he will preserve the recollection. 
 
 The Exhibition of 1867 will mark, I hope, a new era of har¬ 
 mony and of progress. Assured that Pi evidence blesses the 
 efforts of those who, like ourselves, aim at doing good, I believe 
 in the final triumph of those great principles of morality and 
 justice, which, in satisfying all legitimate aspirations, can alone 
 consolidate thrones, exalt nations, and ennoble humanity. 
 
 I have looked carefully to the awards, and I believe 
 they should be classed as follows : — 
 
 The Imperial Cross of the Legion of Honor. 
 New Order of Recompenses. 
 
 Grand Prizes. 
 
 Gold Medals. 
 
 Silver Medals. 
 
 Bronze Medals, 
 
 Honorable Mention. 
 
 There were many varieties of goods deserving the 
 attention of the jury, and which received the notice and 
 commendation of visitors, that obtained no official recog- 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 45 
 
 1868.] 
 
 nition ; namely, such as arrived too late, and such as 
 had no person present to explain their uses and their 
 value. The variety of articles from Massachusetts, 
 though limited, still did not suffer in comparison with 
 those from any other State. I deem it proper to sub¬ 
 join the names of the contributors from this State, of 
 those who received awards, the grade of their awards 
 and the goods for which they were bestowed. 
 
 To Chickering & Sons, of Boston, for Pianos, — a G'old 
 Medal and the Cross of the Legion of Honor, 
 
 Never before, probably, was there collected together 
 so great a number and variety of pianos from the best 
 manufactories in the world. The highest award 
 bestowed upon any competitor was the Cross of the 
 Legion of Honor. This was conferred by the Emperor 
 upon Mr. Chickering, of the well-known firm of Chick¬ 
 ering & Sons, of Boston. It was an extra compliment, 
 higher than and additional to the Gold Medal, and no 
 other competitor for prizes received the honorable 
 recognition. 
 
 The following is an editorial from the “ Paris 
 Times”: ‘^Chickering & Sons’ concert in the Expo¬ 
 sition on Thursday, May 23, on the occasion of uncov¬ 
 ering a bust of Liszt, the world-renowned pianist, was a 
 complete success. And where should the bust of this 
 great artist first be seen, if not with the best pianos ? 
 And tlie most eminent musical artists place Chickering 
 & Sons’ in the front rank. It is conceded that their 
 instr\iments surpass all others. There was present at 
 this concert a vast number of listeners, and among them 
 
46 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 many in high official position and those eminent for 
 musical talent. Never did the piano give evidence of 
 greater perfection or produce a happier effect than did 
 Chickerings’ on this occasion. The spirit of the great 
 Liszt seemed to touch tlie keys, direct the music, and 
 animate the great assembly.” 
 
 To Mason & Hamlin, of Boston, for Cabinet Organs, — a 
 Silver Medal. 
 
 This ‘firm displayed some of the finest and most 
 attractive instruments in the Exposition, and obtained 
 for tliem a reputation abroad commensurate with that at 
 home. Mason & Hamlin have labored long and hard to 
 perfect their Cabinet Organs; and by means of the 
 
 Automatic Bellows Swell,” the “ Self-adjusting Reed 
 Valves,” and various other patents owned by and exclu¬ 
 sively used by them, a remarkably varied and rich tone 
 is produced, unequalled by that of any other organ of 
 its kind. These organs have great depth and fulness of 
 sound, and their tones seem to proceed from real pipes. 
 
 The judges, in making up their award, considered 
 their durability, beauty, ease and perfectness of action, 
 quality of tone, and economy of price. 
 
 Mason & Hamlin have been the recipients of seventy 
 premiums for their instruments on previous occasions ; 
 but the award conferred by the Paris Exposition may be 
 deemed their crowning glory. 
 
 It will be a source of reasonable pride and pleasure to 
 our citizens to learn that, for harmonious instruments, — 
 Pianos and Cabinet Organs, — Massachusetts won the 
 highest honor in the contest of the world. 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 47 
 
 To Walter Baker & Co., of Dorchester, for cocoa and 
 Chocolate, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 When it is understood that nearly every nation repre¬ 
 sented in the Exposition furnished a variety of these 
 articles, and that France is the chief place for the manu¬ 
 facture of chocolate, it will be considered a credit to our 
 country and State, and a high honor to Mr. Baker, that 
 he should be made the recipient of the highest award 
 rendered for Cocoa and Chocolate. 
 
 An English journal, referring to the matter, says: 
 “ Walter Baker’s Chocolate, of Boston, Massachusetts, 
 United States of America, is shown in ten or twelve 
 varieties. We were kindly permitted to see the differ¬ 
 ent cases opened, and to taste the quality; and we con¬ 
 fess that it has never been our fortune to see this most 
 wholesome article of domestic luxury so neatly put up, 
 of such fine grain and luscious taste, as this chocolate 
 of Baker’s. We do not think it can be surpassed for 
 quality or flavor by any goods of the same class in the 
 Exhibition, if in the world.” 
 
 Pratt & Wentworth, of Boston, for their Peerless Cooking 
 Stove, — a Bronze Medal. 
 
 This was the highest award for Cooking Stoves. 
 
 The Peerless ” was admired for its excellent qualities, 
 and especially for its economy in the use of fuel. For 
 perfection of design and beauty of castings it surpassed 
 all others in the Exposition. 
 
 The following is from an editorial in an English jour¬ 
 nal: “The United States are not largely represented, 
 but wbat has been sent is, in the main, of practical 
 
48 
 
 PAllIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May 
 
 importance. Among the articles tliat arrest the atten¬ 
 tion of visitors, and that we were much interested in, 
 was a cooking stove, the Peerless, manufactured by 
 Messrs. Pratt & Wentworth, of Boston, Massachusetts. 
 This is a perfect gem. For fine castings, variety of fur¬ 
 niture, and beauty of finish, we have never seen it sur¬ 
 passed. It will do anything that can be done with a 
 range or any other stove. It bakes splendidly, giving 
 wliat many stoves fail in altogether, a perfectly even 
 heat. It roasts by a rotary spit, and is equal to an open 
 fire, and is so constructed as to use tlie heat most 
 economically. It is unquestionably the best stove for 
 families, restaurants, and small hotels, now in use. It 
 attracts great attention from visitors to the Exposition, 
 and ladies are charmed with it.’’ 
 
 To William C. Chapin, of Lawrence, Agent of the Pacific 
 Mills, for “persons, establishments, or localities, which, by 
 a special organization or special institutions, have devel¬ 
 oped a spirit of harmony among all those co-operating in 
 the same work, and have provided for the material, moral, 
 and intellectual well-being of the workman,” one Grand 
 Prize, — a Gold Medal^ — of the value of one thousand 
 francs, and Nine Thousand Francs in gold. 
 
 The foregoing is a new order of recompense, and one 
 of very great signification and importance. It was a 
 high compliment to Massachusetts that the Pacific Mills, 
 of Lawrence, was the only recipient of the honor in the 
 United States. Nothing in the whole list of awards 
 more clearly evinces the humanity and shrewd forecast 
 of the Emperor, or tends to greater results. It will 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 49 
 
 1868.] 
 
 excite an emulation that ought ever to be encouraged. 
 
 That the people of the State and country may under¬ 
 stand tlie subject, we copy a full description of the works 
 upon which the award was made. 
 
 STATEMENT OF THE PACIFIC MILLS, PRESENTED TO THE SPECIAL 
 JURY OF THE PARIS EXPOSITION OF 1867. 
 
 “ Pacific Mills ” is the corporate name of a joint stock com¬ 
 pany, devoted to the manufacture, from the raw staples, of 
 ladies’ dress goods, of cotton wholly, of worsted wholly, and of 
 cotton and wool combined, and the printing or dyeing of the 
 same. It is located in Lawrence, State of Massachusetts, United 
 States cf America, twenty-six miles from Boston. Its Post 
 Office address is 
 
 “PACIFIC MILLS, 
 
 Lawrence, Mass., 
 
 United States of America^ 
 
 J. Wiley Ed3IANDs, Boston, is treasurer of the company, and 
 Wm. C. Chapin, of Lawrence, the local agent or manager. 
 
 The management is confided, by about one hundred and fifty 
 stockholders, to nine directors, chosen annually. 
 
 The original number of shares of the company was one thou¬ 
 sand, costing one thousand dollars, or five thousand francs eacb> 
 making a total capital of one million dollars, or five million 
 francs. The cost of the buildings and machinery having exceeded 
 this sum, fifteen hundred shares more, at same cost, were issued, 
 making the total number .of shares to be twenty-five hundred, 
 and the cost of the capital stock two and a half million dollars^ 
 or twelve and a half million francs. 
 
 They commenced operations near the close of the year 1853, 
 but no goods were ready for market until the spring of 1854. 
 The amount of machinery then consisted of one thousand looms, 
 with carding, spinning, and dressing machinery sufficient to 
 
50 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 supply them, together with combing machines and spinning for 
 worsted yarn, used in the manufacture of mixed fabrics, and was 
 equal to the production of about two hundred thousand yards, 
 weekly, of calicoes and mousseline de-laines, with ten printing 
 machines for preparing these goods for market. 
 
 The buildings and machinery have since been increased, so 
 that there are now in operation about one hundred thousand 
 spindles for spinning cotton, with cleaning, picking, and carding 
 machines to supply them, and about sixteen thousand spindles 
 for worsted, with all the necessary preparing machines to occupy 
 thirty-five hundred looms for weaving the two classes of goods 
 above named, and others, together with eighteen printing ma¬ 
 chines,* producing a weekly average of about seven hundred 
 thousand yards. The machinery is propelled by eight turbine 
 wheels, six of them being seventy-two inches in diameter, and 
 two eighty-four inches in diameter, with a fall of water equal to 
 twenty-six feet, yielding fifteen hundred horse power. 
 
 The average sale of the manufactured good of the company, 
 for a few years past, has exceeded seven and a half million 
 dollars, or thirty-seven and a half million francs. 
 
 About thirty-six hundred work-people are now employed by 
 the company; of these there are sixteen hundred and eighty 
 men, fifteen hundred and ten women, eighty boys between ten 
 and twelve years, one hundred and forty boys from twelve to 
 eighteen years, forty girls from ten to twelve years, and one 
 hundred and fifty girls from twelve to eighteen years. 
 
 In the origin of the establishment, the principle was adopted 
 by the managers that there was to be a mutual dependence 
 between employers and employed, each having rights which the 
 other should respect; and that, inasmuch as the success of the 
 proprietors must depend much upon the cheerful and intelligent 
 
 » The number of printing machines is now twenty-two. 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—Xo. 333. 
 
 51 
 
 co-operation of the work-people, certain plans were adopted to 
 secure “ the material, moral, and intellectual welfare of the work¬ 
 men, both as a duty to them, and one of self-interest to the 
 proprietor. 
 
 MATERIAL. 
 
 For the material well-being of the laborers, special care was 
 used in the original construction of the work-rooms, to make 
 them cheerful, comfortable, and well ventilated, so as to avoid, as 
 far as possible, the unpleasant drudgery of work, and to secure 
 order and neatness throughout. 
 
 Houses were constructed for dwellings, which should give to 
 families residences at moderate cost of rent, that would secure 
 the health and comfort of the w^ork-people, while they were 
 cheerful and attractive. Men pay for these houses a weekly 
 rent about equal to one-eighth of their wages. Large buildings 
 were erected for the use of single females whose residences were 
 at a distance, and divided into seventeen large apartments, 
 •capable of accommodating eight hundred and twenty-five persons 
 in the aggregate. The rooms are arranged for two persons each; 
 well ventilated and lighted, and comfortably furnished. Unmar¬ 
 ried men are never allowed to lodge in these houses, nor in any 
 case a married man excepting he is accompanied by his wife, 
 and even then but rarely. Females pay about one-third of their 
 average wages for rooms in these boarding houses, including 
 food, lights, and washing. Fuel for fires in the rooms is an 
 extra expense. 
 
 It is common to provide coal, and sometimes flour, for the 
 work-people, at the cost price of large quantities. 
 
 Another effort for the material welfare of the operatives was 
 adopted in the earliest history of ifhe enterprise, and has been 
 continued for nearly thirteen years, with marked success, doing 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 52 
 
 [May, 
 
 much to promote “ harmony among all those co-operating,” and 
 to establish a bond of sympathy and union. 
 
 An association was formed, called “ Pacific Mills Relief 
 Society,” of which each person employed by the company must 
 be a member, the entire management thereof being in the hands 
 of the work-people, each officer being chosen by themselves from 
 their own number, excepting the President, which office has 
 always been filled by the resident agent or manager, who seldom 
 acts, however, excepting as counsellor or umpire. 
 
 Each person, on commencing service, elects whether he will 
 pay two, four, or six cents per week to the Relief Fund, the 
 lower sum being a little more than one-hundredth part of the 
 weekly averages of those who are the youngest, and consequently 
 least paid, and the highest sum, six cents weekly, bearing the 
 same proportion to the average weekly vrages of the entire bcdy 
 of work-people. When the sum in the hands of the treasurer of 
 the society, who is always the confidential clerk of the company 
 and keeps the deposit with the company for protection, has reached 
 the sum of one thousand dollars, the weekly subscription of all 
 persons who have been employed by the company three months - 
 ceases, while it continues with the new comers. 
 
 This condition of funds occurs so often that for nearly one- 
 half the time the older employees are not assessed, and the real 
 sum withdrawn from their wages annually is a very small pro¬ 
 portion of their wages, and is far from being a burden to the 
 poorest. 
 
 When a person has been in the employment of the company 
 three months, and consequently for that time paid his elected 
 sum to the funds of the Relief Society, he becomes a full mem¬ 
 ber of that society, and entitled to certain privileges. If sickness 
 occurs, preventing him from labor, and he sends notice to the 
 overseer or head workman of his room, one of the appointed 
 stewards is sent to learn the nature of the illness, and the sick 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 53 
 
 one becomes the special charge of this steward, who for a man is 
 one of his own sex, or if a female, a woman, and it is this stew¬ 
 ard’s duty to see that a nurse and physician are secured, if nec¬ 
 essary, and to draw from the wardrobe of the society such changes 
 of personal and bed linen as the circumstances demand. 
 
 Each sick person, if the illness continues one week, is thence¬ 
 forward granted an allowance from the funds of the society 
 He who has paid two cents pei w^eek for at least three months, 
 receives one dollar and a quarter weekly, for the period of 
 twenty-six weeks, if sick so long. Double this sum is allowed 
 if four cents have been paid, and three dollars and three-quarters 
 when the amount paid has been six cents weekly. In cases of 
 special need the oflacers of the society are authorized to make an 
 extra allowance, though great care is used in such a dispensa¬ 
 tion. Those who die poor have their funeral expenses paid, and 
 are respectably buried in the beautiful lot in the city cemetery 
 belonging to the society. In some cases the deceased has been 
 sent to his native town, by the desire of his friends, without 
 cost to them if they were poor. 
 
 Sick members are often accompanied to their friends by a 
 steward, or the overseer of their workroom, when too feeble to go 
 alone, or the friends too poor to come for them. The blessings 
 of this society are thus made known to parties at a distance, and 
 it often induces persons of excellent character to seek employ¬ 
 ment of this company, while those who have secured the benefits 
 of the Kelief Society retain it in warm remembrance. More 
 than one poor mother, whose only €hild, while a member of this 
 society, has been disabled by sickness, has found the weekly 
 allowance an invaluable aid to her slight income, and called 
 loudly for blessings upon its officers and the institution engaged 
 in such a work of merciful kindness. Many a father or mother 
 or other relative, whose child or friend has been sent to this 
 company, have besought the blessings of Heaven upon the 
 
54 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 members of this society who have cared for their absent ones in 
 time of sickness, and soothed them as they have faded away from 
 life. 
 
 Though there is not space for details of great interest, it must 
 be seen that this plan has a direct tendency to promote sympa¬ 
 thy for each other among the work-people, and to secure a bond 
 of union. Most surely those who daily observe its workings 
 see it. 
 
 It will also be noticed that a very important feature of this 
 plan is that it is an association of the work-people themselves, 
 wholly controlled by them, and consequently sure of permanencyj 
 while favored to its present extent by the employers. This is 
 likely to continue, because they witness its important influences 
 and usefulness. 
 
 The total amount of money expended for the benefit of sick 
 members in twelve years of its existence, ending in April, 1866, 
 has been twenty-five thousand five hundred and thirty dollars 
 and sixty-eight cents, or one hundred and twenty-seven thousand 
 six hundred and fifty-three francs, to eighteen hundred and 
 sixty-eight persons; and the amount paid to the fund has 
 exceeded this sum about twelve hundred dollars. The corpora¬ 
 tion contributes w^eekly to this fund, and also to meet individual 
 cases which are especially aggravated. 
 
 MORAI:. 
 
 To meet the protection of the large number of single females 
 employed by the company, who, as is often the fact in the manu¬ 
 facturing establishments of the United States, and perhaps else¬ 
 where, are away from the guardianship of their friends, the 
 boarding houses referred to above are controlled by persons care¬ 
 fully selected for their ability to influence this class of work¬ 
 people, of established good character, wdro will take an interest 
 to secure the comfort of their boarders, and save them from bad 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 55 
 
 moral influences, acting really, as far as possible, in. the place of 
 guardians. If a young female is known to visit places of even¬ 
 ing amusement of doubtful character, or gives any reason for 
 suspicion that she is guilty of immorality, or even of careless, 
 unguarded conduct, she is admonished, and if reform is not 
 immediate she is discharged trom the house and from employ¬ 
 ment. 
 
 The doors of the house are locked at ten o’clock at night, and 
 no one allowed to be out after that hour without a satisfactory 
 excuse. Doubtless persons of immoral character secure employ¬ 
 ment by the company, and by superior secrecy retain their con¬ 
 nection. Among so large a number some will be impure, but it 
 is believed that very few of these females are led astray while 
 connected with the mill, if virtuous when commencing work. It 
 is impossible for an openly vile person to retain connection with 
 the company. 
 
 Men of intemperate habits, or of general bad character, are 
 excluded from the company’s service, though patience with them 
 is encouraged, with the hope of securing reform, and this for¬ 
 bearance and attendant labor has often been rewarded. It is an 
 established principle that all profanity or other bad language, 
 any bad example, or even abuse of authority among the head 
 workmen, must be strictly avoided, especially when these over¬ 
 seers have in their charge females or young persons. More than 
 one such responsible workman has been removed for using 
 improper words, or ill-treating subordinates. It is absolutely 
 demanded of these persons that they treat those under tlTem as 
 they would desire to be treated themselves if in their position. 
 
 The directors have placed their associate, the manager, at the 
 works, to represent their feelings to the work-people; to show 
 them sympathy in their trials; to counsel them in their need of 
 advice, and to be their Friend. 
 
 Careful efforts have been made by him to secure their confi- 
 
66 
 
 PAllIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 deuce, and he has cultivated the conviction that they could ever 
 find -in him a father, a brother, or friend. Many hearts have 
 been moved to earnest gratitude for the aid which they have 
 thus secured in their time of need. It requires a vast amount of 
 patient listening to complaints ; to tales of sorrow and want; but 
 it has had its reward in seeing so many relieved and made glad 
 and hopeful. The real moral effect and the real satisfaction in 
 such a relation between employer and employed cannot be 
 written. The spirit of the employer is imparted to the more 
 responsible and influential workmen, and to those under them, 
 while a healthy moral condition is secured. 
 
 INTELLECTUAL. 
 
 When the company was first established, the directors appro¬ 
 priated one thousand dollars, or five thousand francs, for the 
 purchase of suitable books for a Circulating Library, and pro¬ 
 vided a suitable room for it on their premises. The work¬ 
 people have always been required to pay one cent each week 
 during their services, and they thus become members of the 
 Pacific Mills Library Association, which is managed entirely by 
 themselves, they choosing their own ofiicers for the control of its 
 affairs, and for the selection of books, but selecting one resident 
 manager for the President and Chairman of the Library Com¬ 
 mittee. This weekly payment secures the privilege of the use 
 of the Library and Reading Rooms of the society. One room is 
 appropriated to males, and is supplied with the local newspapers 
 of the city, and of Boston and New York, together with numer¬ 
 ous serials of a scientific and literary character, and is open from 
 six o’clock A. M. till nine p. m., warmed and lighted. It is in 
 close proximity to the other room containing the library, now 
 exceeding four thousand volumes, and also a cheerful, airy, com¬ 
 fortable apartment for the females, which is carpeted and made 
 attractive by daily and weekly publications, specially adapted to 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 57 
 
 1868.] 
 
 their wants, and stereoscopes with numerous slides, all in charge 
 of an intelligent and cultivated young lady. It is open from 
 nine o’clock a. m. till nine o’clock p. m., and is much frequented 
 and valued. 
 
 A large number of volumes of the Library are in constant 
 circulation, as the number of the \^ork-people who cannot read or 
 write does not exceed fifty in one thousand, and these are prin¬ 
 cipally of foreign birth. All new publications adapted to this 
 class of readers are bought as soon as published. The privilege 
 of taking books from the library is extended to members of fami¬ 
 lies whose head is a member of this association. 
 
 The funds of the society are also used to purchase tickets of 
 admission to lectures and suitable popular amusements, which 
 are distributed among the members. This association as well as 
 the Relief Society, it will be seen, is supported and managed by 
 the wmrk-people themselves, who secure a valuable return for 
 their small outlay, and. also the permanency of its operations, 
 avoiding the dependence for existence and usefulness upon the 
 life or e ven connection of any one person of special prominence 
 
 The law of the State forbids the employment of children under 
 ten years of age, and requires that children employed between 
 ten and twelve years of age shall be in school sixteen weeks of 
 each year, and those between twelve and sixteen years, eleven 
 w'eeks. The company contribute annually to the support of an 
 evening school for both sexes. 
 
 ! 
 
 SUCCESS. 
 
 It has often been stated that care of employers for the educa- j 
 tion and welfare of their operatives, especially to the extent 
 herein shown, is incompatible with pecuniary success. Facts 
 prove that this is not true with Pacific Mills, but others must 
 determine how much of this is due to the principles of action 
 established and maintained. It is also believed that the work- 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 58 
 
 [May, 
 
 people have received great benefit. Some of the evidences of 
 this are the following : 
 
 1. There have been no strikes among the "work-people, which 
 are their curse and the dread of employers. They have been 
 encouraged to feel that any grievances will be patiently listened 
 to, and frankly discussed, and the result has always been favor¬ 
 able to good order. By no means has every uneasy spirit been 
 quieted, but the mass has been satisfied. 
 
 2. A higher class of workmen has been secured. Those best 
 able to appreciate the privileges enjoyed in connection with this 
 company have been drawn thither for employment. Specially is 
 this true among the Overseers who engage the laborers in their 
 different departments, and give character to the mass. Their 
 intelligence and hearty co-operation in the plans for the material, 
 moral, and intellectual advancement of the operatives, mould the 
 whole and secure a higher standard. The general influence of 
 the principles adopted by the company leads these prominent 
 workmen to feel that they are intrusted with a degree of guard¬ 
 ianship of those under them, and this feeling is very manifest. 
 Respect for the manhood of a workman moulds him. 
 
 3. Many of the work-people have invested their funds in 
 Savings Banks, and this is specially encouraged. Formerly the 
 company received deposits from the work-people, allowing an 
 annual interest of six per cent., but for some prudential reasons 
 this plan was abandoned, and the depositors were encouraged to 
 invest in chartered banks. The company held in their hands, at 
 one time, more than one hundred thousand dollars, or five hun¬ 
 dred thousand francs, of the savings of their work-people, which 
 has been changed into other channels. There is no doubt that 
 their deposits now exceed this sum largely. 
 
 4. Quite a number of the work-people own houses free of 
 debt, while others have been partially assisted by the company, it 
 receiving a portion of their wages each month in reduction of the 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 1868.] 
 
 59 
 
 debt. More than fifty thousand dollars, or two hundred and 
 fifty thousand francs, are thus invested. 
 
 5. Others invest their funds in the bonds of the United States 
 Government in preference to Savings Banks. 
 
 6. Several of the workmen are owners of the Stock of the 
 company, and have the same rights in regard to the control of 
 the officers and general management as other stockholders. 
 Their stock has now a market value exceeding sixty thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 7. Investments of earnings in premiums on Life Insurance 
 has been made by many of the workmen. 
 
 8. More than one of the workmen has been a member of the 
 City Government in its Board of Aldermen and Common Coun¬ 
 cil, and not an annual election passes without the choice of one 
 or more to some of these important offices. 
 
 The pecuniary success of the company has warranted a liberal 
 spirit in the payment of wages to the work-people. The least 
 sum now paid in weekly wages to the youngest employee is one 
 dollar and eighty-two cents in gold, a little more than nine francs, 
 and the number belonging to this class is very small. Boys of 
 sixteen years do not receive less than two dollars and eighty-five 
 cents gold weekly, or more than fourteen francs. The least 
 amount paid weekly to men is six dollars and three-quarters 
 gold, or nearly thirty-four francs, while a very large majority 
 receive much more. Females receive from two dollars forty- 
 eight cents gold weekly, or about twelve and a half francs for 
 the lowest, to six dollars and seventy-two cents gold, or more 
 than thirty-three francs ; while a few earn more. This excepts 
 young girls, whose wages are the least sum named above. 
 
 Spinners, weavers, and a few others, are paid in accordance 
 with their products, some of them earning very large wages. 
 
 The stockholders, as previously stated, have invested ^2,500- 
 000 in the company. During the past twelve years they have 
 
60 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 received in dividends more than $3^000,000, and the fixed 
 property has cost a much larger sum than the amount of the 
 capital stock. The Treasurer, furthermore, holds in his posses¬ 
 sion a very large amount of undivided earnings, with which to 
 purchase cotton, wool, and other materials for cash. 
 
 To S. Slater & Sons, of Webster, for Woolen Fabrics, Broad¬ 
 cloths, Doeskins, and for cotton goods, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 This firm exhibited ten pieces of black woolen fabrics. 
 Four of them were made entirely of fleeces grown in the 
 United States; the other six were made of fleeces, part 
 of which were grown in this country and part in South 
 America. 
 
 All the goods of this company were of extra quality 
 and very beautiful in finish. 
 
 To Hadley Company, of Holyoke, for Spool Cotton, — a 
 Bronze Medal. 
 
 To William Bond & Son, of Boston, for Astronomical Clocks, 
 Chronometers, and Watches, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 This firm exhibited three instruments, viz. : 
 
 1. A very beautiful astronomical clock with marble 
 case, similar to one made by the firm for the observatory 
 at Liverpool, England. Several peculiarities of this 
 clock attracted marked attention. 
 
 2. A chronograph, or instrument for recording astro¬ 
 nomical observations by electricity. This instrument 
 excited much notice at the World’s Fair in London, in 
 1851, where it received a grand medal. 
 
 3. A marine chronometer in rosewood case, finely 
 finished. 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 61 
 
 1868.] 
 
 All these instruments were much admired by horolo- 
 gists and mechanicians. 
 
 To Clark’s Patent Steam and Fire Regulator Company, 
 S. T. Bacon, Boston, Agent, — Honorable Mention, 
 
 This apparatus has three principal features that com¬ 
 mend it to the notice of all who use steam for any pur¬ 
 pose. 1. It is said to save about twenty per cent, of 
 fuel over a boiler set without it. 2. It automatically 
 holds the fires nearly uniform, and thereby preserves the 
 boiler and grate bars from being injured by excessive 
 heat. 3. It maintains a uniform pressure of steam on 
 the boiler, and prevents an undue pressure thereon. 
 This apparatus was also in constant use upon Mr. S. T. 
 Bacon’s boiler, and its operations were frequently 
 studied by the great engineers of the old world. 
 
 To Bray & Hayes, of Boston, for Preserved Lobsters, — Hon- 
 orable Mention. 
 
 To G. Dwight, Jr., & Co., of Springfield, for Steam Pumps 
 — Honorable Mention. 
 
 To the American Steam Gauge Company, Boston, “ Bordon’s 
 Patent ” Steam Pressure Gauge with “ T. W. Lane’s 
 Improvement.” S. T. Bacon, Agent, — Honorable Men¬ 
 tion. 
 
 The steam gauge is of French origin, but in practice 
 it was found to be defective, and Mr. Lane, an American, 
 has applied improvements that are esteemed equal in 
 importance to the gauge itself; and it should be 
 regarded as a high compliment to America that a 
 
62 
 
 PAEIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 French jury should reward it as it has done. This 
 gauge was in constant use upon the boiler of S. T. 
 Bacon’s cracker manufactory. 
 
 To D. L. Harris & Co., of Springfield, for improved Engine 
 Lathe, with Yan Horne’s Patent Tool Elevator and Screw 
 Cutter, — a Bronze Medal. 
 
 This firm exhibited one of their engine lathes com¬ 
 plete, having seven feet length of bed and capacity for 
 turning twenty inches in diameter. This lathe was very 
 much admired for its fine finish and correct workman¬ 
 ship. Its noticeable features were its patent Yan Horne 
 tool elevator and improved feed and cross feed. The 
 lathe having received the award as above, was sold to 
 remain in Paris. 
 
 To William Edson, Boston, Hygrodeik. S. T. Bacon, Agent, 
 — Honorable Mention. 
 
 This is a scientific instrument for determining the 
 relative humidity, moisture, &c., in a room. A member 
 of the Academy of Sciences, Paris, pronounced it a most 
 perfect instrument for this important branch of science. 
 
 J. B. Boot’s Patent “ Trunk Engine.” S. T. Bacon, 
 Boston, Agent, — Bronze Medal. 
 
 It seemed almost incredulous that this little piece of 
 mechanism, occupying but twenty inches space, and so 
 light that a man could lift it, could perform the labor of 
 six horses. Mr. Bacon took it to the Exposition to 
 exhibit practical results by driving the machinery of his 
 establishment in the Park. Many were the predictions 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 63 
 
 of failure among the French engineers when thej saw 
 the machinery to be propelled and the engine which was 
 to perform the task; yet it easily and noiselessly 
 acquitted itself, much to the astonishment of those who 
 witnessed its working. 
 
 D. Jay Bkowne, Boston, for “ Enameled Leather,” — Hon- 
 orable Mention. 
 
 To find an article that will withstand the heat and 
 cold to which, in use, it is subjected, is very desirable. 
 This article carried off the palm of the Exposition. 
 
 To Tucker Manufacturing Company, of Boston, for Bronzed 
 Iron Articles, including Chandeliers, Lamps, Clocks, 
 Brackets, Statuettes, Paper Weights, &c., — a Silver 
 Medal. 
 
 In France and in other European countries bronzed 
 work has reached a high degree of perfection. Attempts 
 have been often made to bronze iron so as to give it the 
 beauty and durability of the genuine article; but with¬ 
 out avail, till Mr. Tucker accomplished the object by his 
 new process, which is likely to work a revolution in this 
 branch of business. The goods manufactured by this 
 process are beautiful and lasting as real bronze, and not 
 half so expensive. 
 
 Mr. Tucker’s contributions received the careful atten¬ 
 tion of foreign workers in bronze. The King of Prussia 
 who manifested much interest in the United States’ 
 contributions, purchased a chandelier. 
 
 The French official journal, the Moniteur,” spoke as 
 follows in reference to the above-named articles: — 
 
64 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 Tucker Manufacturing Company. — We desire to 
 call the attention of the public to the display of the 
 company above mentioned, at the Champ de Mars. 
 This display consists of chandeliers, consoles, lamps, 
 statuettes, clock-cases, paper-weights, &c. These goods, 
 of excellent workmanship, are. distinguished from all 
 others by the handsome color given to the metal by 
 Tucker’s new method, unknown to all other manufac¬ 
 turers. The bronzes made by this method, which was 
 invented by Mr. Hiram Tucker, of Boston, yield in no 
 respect to the most elegant bronzes, either in beauty of 
 color, or grace of design, or perfection of finish. 
 
 “ The designs of the company are entirely original. 
 They are due to a young American, Mr. Francis 
 Fracker, an artist of rare merit, attached to the com¬ 
 pany. These designs, of a unique kind, display a taste 
 perfectly artistic, and on this account these goods 
 attract the attention of visitors and buyers. The 
 inventors have for a long time sought to discover some 
 means of employing iron in the manufacture of articles 
 as beautiful and as durable, but at a much lower price, 
 as those of bronze. By the invention of this method Mr. 
 Tucker has rendered a great service to industry.” 
 
 To Yale and Winn Manufacturing Company, of Shelburne 
 Falls, for Locks, a Silver Medal. 
 
 The locks exhibited by this company were examined 
 with much favor, and they were not surpassed by any in 
 the Exposition. 
 
 The Secretary of the American Commission says of 
 vhem : Yale’s patent bank vault, safe, and door locks 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 65 
 
 were exhibited by the Yale and Winn Manufacturing 
 Company, of Shelburne Falls, Mass. Linus Yale, Jr., is 
 the original inventor of the detached bit-key, as shown 
 in the double treasury lock on exhibition at Paris, Yale 
 has improved it so as to render it unpickable, even by 
 micrometer, and unexplodable by powder. He has also 
 invented the famous double-deal bank lock, without key- 
 liole or key. Mr. Yale says that since these locks have 
 been put in use they have not been picked, nor exploded 
 with powder.” 
 
 To G. & C. Mekeiam, of Springfield, for Webster’s Unabridged 
 Illustrated Dictionary, —a splendid specimen of intellectual 
 enterprise and of mechanical ingenuity and workmanship, — 
 was awarded a Bronze Medal. 
 
 To J. F. Babcock, of Boston, for Rosin Oil, — a Bronze 
 Medal. 
 
 The superiority of this over other oils of the same class 
 consists in its entire freedom from offensive odor, and in 
 the absence of tarry or other coloring matter always 
 found in the product of distillation. It is also suitable 
 for currying light or delicate leathers ; and when mixed 
 with lubricating oils it much improves their quality. 
 
 To H. Tilden, of Boston, for Flour Sifter and Egg Beater, — 
 Honorable Mention. 
 
 . These are curious and clever inventions, not costly, 
 and of much practical utility. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 66 
 
 [May, 
 
 To S. T. Bacon, Boston Cracker Manufactory, — Honorable 
 Mention. 
 
 Among the many objects of utility displayed at the 
 Exposition, one of the foremost was the very complete 
 mechanical system of Mr. S. T. Bacon, of Boston, for 
 manufacturing crackers and bread of various descrip¬ 
 tions, as seen in successful daily operation in the Park 
 — Champ de Mars. The building, machinery, oven, 
 steam-engine, boiler, and all the appurtenances were of 
 Boston manufacture. 
 
 This exhibit proved as interesting as it was important 
 to Europeans. The doors and windows were thronged 
 by crowds eager to witness the operation and to possess 
 trophies of what was to them a great novelty ; for strange 
 as it may appear to Americans, who manufacture one 
 hundred million pounds of crackers annually, nothing 
 of the kind exists in Europe. Mr. B. was visited, and 
 his productions complimented, by many of the crowned 
 rulers of the old world. The Empress Eugenie and the 
 Queen of Portugal were frequent visitors and patrons. 
 It was a good idea of the projector to stamp every 
 cracker BOSTON,” as they were sent to all parts of 
 the world. 
 
 J. F. Paul & Co., Boston, Wood Mouldings, Oval Frames, 
 Veneers, and Cabinet Woods, — Honorable Mention. 
 
 The articles from this house were very attractive. The 
 machine for cutting veneers should have been sent to 
 have added another to the list of gold medals, for there 
 was much interest felt to see a machine that could cut 
 such fine specimens. 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 67 
 
 1868.] 
 
 American woods do not suffer by comparison with 
 those of any other nation. Wood frames were little 
 seen; fancy gilt seemed to prevail. The mouldings 
 were as fine as any on exhibition. 
 
 To the Partkidge Fork Works Company, of Leominster, for 
 Hay Forks, Rakes, and Potato Digger, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 These articles were the best of the kind in the Expo¬ 
 sition. A very great desire was expressed by many to 
 purchase them. They were sold to the editor of the 
 “London Times,” much to the disappointment of the 
 Emperor’s foreman on his farm, who very much desired 
 them. 
 
 To Philander Shaw, of Boston, for Hot Air Engine,— 
 Bronze Medal. 
 
 Mr. Shaw found it very difficult to obtain a location 
 and conveniences properly to exhibit his machine. Space 
 was finally secured for it in the Park, outside the main 
 building, where for six months it was regularly worked, 
 eliciting high commendation from men of science. A 
 trial of the machine showed that it would accomplish as 
 much in a given time by air expansion as any other by 
 expanding water, and with half the cost of fuel. It 
 cannot fail to become a popular and remunerative 
 machine. 
 
 To Southern Cotton Gin Company, of Bridgewater, for 
 Saw and Roller Cotton Gins, — a Bronze Medal. 
 
 The machine exhibited by this company was examined 
 with much interest by manufacturers of cotton gins and 
 those who are engaged in their use. as well as the public 
 
68 
 
 PAIUS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 generally. The manufacture of cotton gins was intro¬ 
 duced into Massachusetts in 1817 by Mr. Eleazer Carver, 
 and they.are now manufactured in this State to a great 
 extent, there being three manufactories in Bridgewater. 
 It is safe to say, that Massachusetts manufacturers have 
 done more than all others to bring the cotton gin to its 
 present perfection, and we were much pleased to observe 
 the attention paid to the machine, and the recognition 
 the authorities gave it at the Paris Exposition. It was 
 a compliment justly merited. 
 
 To G. CuOMPTON, of Worcester, for Loom for Woolen Cassi- 
 nieres, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 This loom was undeniably the most perfect machine 
 of its kind at the Exposition. 
 
 To the Union Button-Hole and Embroidery Company, of 
 Boston, for Button-hole and Embioidery Machine, — a 
 Bronze Medal. 
 
 To B. D. Whitney, of Winchendon, for Wood-Working 
 Machines, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 To J. Hall & Son, of Boston, for Top Buggy, — a Silver 
 Medal. 
 
 This was a very beautiful carriage, and unlike anj 
 manufactured in Europe. It excited much interest. 
 
 To G. W. Chipman, of Boslon, for Carpet Lining, — Honorable 
 Mention. 
 
 To H. O. Houghton & Co., of Cambridge, for Illustrated 
 Books, — a Bronze Medal. 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 69 
 
 1868.] 
 
 To E. D. Brigham, Treasurer of Boston Portage Lake Smelt* 
 ing Works, for Ingots and Cakes of Copper, — a Bronze 
 Medal. 
 
 To J. D. Gould, of Boston, for specimen of Mica, — Honorable 
 Mention. 
 
 To Smith & Wesson, of Springfield, for Fire-Arms and Metallic 
 Cartridges, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 To Chester Iron Company, of Chester, J. B. Taft, Agent) 
 for Emery, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 To Dr. C. T. Jackson, of Boston, Co-operator for discovery of 
 Emery in the United States, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 This emery was fortunately discovered soon after the 
 beginning of the war of the rebellion, and it proved of 
 great value to the country. All the United States arm¬ 
 ories and arsenals were immediately supplied with it, 
 and it received the unqualified approval of the superin¬ 
 tendents of ail our public works. The quantity is inex¬ 
 haustible, and as the Chester mines furnish a remarkably 
 pure article, they will control the emery trade of the 
 whole country. 
 
 Dr. Jackson did not seek for the award. It was vol¬ 
 untarily conferred by a French jury in testimony of the 
 high importance of his services in discovering the mines^ 
 and in collecting, arranging, and cataloguing the speci¬ 
 mens, and for rocks and minerals and diagrams explain¬ 
 ing their position, and for his analysis of the same. 
 
 To H. Bigelow, of Boston, for Rocks, Ores, and Minerals from 
 V Michigan, —- a Silver Medal. 
 
70 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 To Douglas Axe Manufacturing Company, D. D. Dana 
 Treasurer, of Boston, for Edge Tools, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 This company displayed a great variety of goods, 
 which were excelled by none in the exhibition. Com¬ 
 missioners of other nations desired to purchase specimens 
 for their museums. 
 
 To J. P. Whitney, of Boston, for Silver Ore and Minerals from 
 Colorado, ■— a Gold Medal. 
 
 The collection of mineral ores from Colorado, exhibited 
 by J. P. Whitney, of Boston, illustrative of the great 
 resources of one of our Western Territories, received 
 that; marked attention due to the distinguished services 
 of the exhibitor. This collection of ores comprised over 
 three thousand specimens of gold and silver ores, besides 
 those of lead, copper, coal, lime, fire clay, etc., some of 
 which were of massive proportions, which were all classi¬ 
 fied and arranged in perfect order. (These ores, com¬ 
 prising in the aggregate over 12,000 lbs., were trans¬ 
 ported from the Rocky Mountains twenty-one hundred 
 miles to New York, whence they were forwarded to 
 Paris.) This collection was illustrated by a series of 
 maps of the different mining districts of Colorado, 
 obtained by Mr. Whitney from actual survey, costing 
 over $10,000. In addition, a complete series of photo¬ 
 graphs, showing all the principal mining towns, and the 
 principal geographical features of the territory. Mr. 
 Whitney exhibited also a large variety of gold nuggets 
 from the territory, to the value of several thousand 
 dollars. This varied and complete collection was still 
 further illustrated by the gratuitous distribution of 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 71 
 
 1868.] 
 
 15,000 pamphlets, published in English, French, and 
 German. 
 
 These pamphlets were published in a most elaborate 
 manner, each comprising over sixty pages of reading 
 matter, having two well-executed lithographic maps: 
 one of the United States and territories, showing routes 
 of the Pacific and other railways; the other, of the terri¬ 
 tory of Colorado, showing the location of mining towns, 
 mineral regions, roads, &c. 
 
 These pamphlets contained a complete schedule of all 
 the Colorado ores exhibited, with their assays, and 
 information concerning the veins from which they were 
 taken, besides general information, comprising a brief 
 history of the territory, an account of the sundry 
 deposits found within its limits, of its climate, of the 
 altitude of its towns and mountain passes, of its agricul¬ 
 tural resources, and a review of the mining processes in 
 the territory, and their results, the whole forming a 
 most fitting and complete statistical representation of 
 the territory and its resources. 
 
 Attention was still further drawn to this exhibit by 
 the distribution among twenty of the principal European 
 museums and scientific associations by Mr. Whitney of 
 a large quantity of Colorado minerals. • The results of 
 this exhibition have already been made evident by the 
 sending of an imperial commissioner. Prof. L. Simonin, 
 to report officially upon the mineral and agricultural 
 resources of Colorado. This gentleman was accom¬ 
 panied by Colonel W. Heine, an agent of a German 
 emigrating society, and by Monsieur E. Guys, investi¬ 
 gating agent of the Credit Foncier. These gentlemen 
 
72 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 returned to Paris in October last with favorable reports 
 of tlie region visited, which reports were published in 
 the principal French papers. The Tour du Monde of 
 April last, wdiich is publislied in weekly editions, and 
 wliich is republished in four other languages, devoted 
 the entire space of four numbers to Prof. Simoniii’s 
 tour, illustrated by over sixty cuts, which presents the 
 most complete illustrated description of any one of our 
 Western Territories ever published. In addition, Prof. 
 Simonin and Colonel Heine have both delivered series of 
 lectures in Europe upon Colorado during the past winter, 
 wliicli have been given with great success. These are 
 some of the actual results already realized by the thor¬ 
 oughly representative exhibition at the Exposition by 
 Mr. Whitney, whose patriotic and intelligent efforts are 
 worthy of the highest praise. 
 
 To WiCKERSHAM Nail Company, of BostoD, A. G. Wood 
 Tieasurer, for Nail-Cutting Machine, — a Bronze Medal, 
 
 To J. D. Brown, of Roxbury, for Enameled Leather made by 
 a new process, — Honorable Mention. 
 
 To S. G. Howe, of Perkins Institution for the Blind, Boston, 
 for Books and Apparatus for the use of the Blind, — a 
 Silver Medal. 
 
 These articles were examined with a high degree of 
 interest for their novelty, as well as for their great 
 utility in the education of the blind. All contributions 
 tending to ameliorate the condition of the unfortunate 
 were especially noticed by the Emperor. 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 838. 
 
 73 
 
 To J. L. Hayes, of Boston, Secretary of National Association 
 of Wool Manufacturers,' for twelve and a half series of 
 Woolen Fabrics from the “ Washington Mills,” — a Silver 
 Medal. 
 
 To the Washington Mills, of Boston, for Shawls, — Hon¬ 
 orable Mention. 
 
 This company made a very fine exhibition of shawls 
 and other goods. These goods were of excellent quality 
 and beautiful style, and quite astonished many visitors, 
 as well as some merchants and manufacturers, who were 
 not aware that any such goods were produced in the 
 United States. The Exhibition of 1867 will do much to 
 enlighten the old world in regard to the manufactories 
 and the varied and extensive resources of the United 
 States. As there were so few specimens of these goods 
 from this country in the Exhibition, I have deemed it 
 not out of place to give a full list of those exposed by 
 this comjjany, viz.: 
 
 Shawls — Extra, four, .... 
 
 Size, inches. 
 
 48X 48 
 
 “ three, .... 
 
 54X 54 
 
 “ two, .... 
 
 54X108 
 
 one, .... 
 
 72X144 
 
 “ six, .... 
 
 72X 72 
 
 Queen of Scots, six, . • 
 
 72X144 
 
 Super, sixteen. 
 
 72X144 
 
 Saxony, three, .... 
 
 72X144 
 
 Skirts — McGregor, (worsted top,) six. 
 
 43X144 
 
 Carriage Rugs — two. 
 
 
74 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 3-4 Fancy Shirting, 
 
 Nevada Plaids, .... 
 
 Italian Cloth, . . 
 
 American Poplin, 22 in., 
 
 6-4 Blue Eskimo Coating, 
 
 All-Wool Tricot, .... 
 
 Moscow Beaver, .... 
 
 Diagonal Coating, .... 
 
 6-4 All-Wool Broad, 3-leaf, 
 
 “ “ “ plain weave. 
 
 Union Broad Beaver, . - . 
 
 Jansen Silk Mixture, 
 
 Blue Black and White Silk Mixed Zephyrs, 
 Paris Indigo Blue Coating, 
 
 Blue Extra Washington Coating, 
 
 Bepellant Cloaking, .... 
 
 Sackings, . 
 
 Mixed Scotch Tweed, 
 
 34 Fancy Cassimere, . , . 
 
 [May, 
 
 Weight per yd. 
 . 3 lbs. 3 oz. 
 . 3 “ 3 “ 
 
 . 2 “ 8 “ 
 
 . 1 “ 7 “ 
 
 . 28 “ 9 “ 
 .21 “ 5 “ 
 
 .30 “ 6 “ 
 
 . 22 “ 3 “ 
 
 . 16 “ 3 “ 
 
 . 16 “ 
 
 . 17 « 
 
 . 13 “ 2 “ 
 
 . 10 « 7 “ 
 
 . 15 « 
 
 . 9 “ 6 “ 
 
 . 9 “ 9 “ 
 
 . 8 “ 
 
 . 12 « 5 “ 
 
 .11 “ 1 “ 
 
 To the Spencer Repeating Rifle Company, of Boston, for 
 Spencer Rifles, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 To the Florence Sewing Machine Company, of Florence, 
 for Sewing Machines, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 The attention given to sewing machines by judges 
 and jurors plainly evinced their high estimate of the 
 importance and value of these articles. 
 
 Among the things which arrived too late to compete 
 for awards was 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 833. 
 
 75 
 
 The American Restaurant, kept by Dows & Guild, of 
 
 BoStOD. 
 
 Each nation was invited to open a restaurant, that 
 should represent, as far as possible, its own nationality. 
 With the exception of the French, I think this was more 
 strictly national in all respects than any other; its cook¬ 
 ing range, silver ware, and most of its furniture being 
 sent from the United States. The establishment sup¬ 
 plied what one can find in a first-class house in Massa¬ 
 chusetts. It was the only restaurant with parlors, free 
 reading and writing rooms, furnished with the leading 
 journals of the day. A Chickering piano and Mason & 
 Hamlin organ adorned its rooms. It was furnished 
 with a register, which proved a great convenience, and 
 people could, by consulting it, learn the residence of 
 newly-arrived friends. This house was much used as a 
 rendezvous for Americans, and for various other persons. 
 
 American Cream Soda. — Dows, Clark & Van 
 Winkle, of Boston, had space allowed them for the 
 manufacture and sale of soda water drawn from Dows’ 
 Patent Fountain, although they arrived too late to 
 compete for an award. 
 
 Soda like theirs was unknown in France, and I believe 
 throughout Europe, till these gentlemen introduced it. 
 It was an American specialty^ interesting to visitors and 
 amply remunerative to the proprietors. It was popular 
 with the mass of the people, and even kings and 
 emperors often partook of the delicious draught. 
 
 Paper Collars. — Galloupe, Nichols, & Woodbury, 
 
76 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 of Boston, exhibited and worked machinery for the 
 manufacture of paper collars. This company arrived 
 too late to be entitled to an award. Paper collars are 
 but little known abroad, so far as I could learn. The 
 novelty and utility of these goods excited very favorable 
 notice. 
 
 I have already said that the United States, in the per¬ 
 centage of awards to exhibitors, ranked next to France, 
 and but a trifle lower in the scale, the French nation 
 standing at the head. Next to the United States other 
 prominent countries ranked as follows : Austria, Prussia 
 and North Germany, Belgium, Russia, Switzerland, 
 Great Britain and colonies, Italy, Spain. The remain¬ 
 ing twenty-five countries fell far below the foregoing. 
 
 It should be understood tliat the advantages to our 
 contributors were not depending solely on the awards. 
 In no case was any contributor witliin my knowledge 
 obliged, for want of a purchaser, to re-ship his goods. 
 All the articles on exhibition that were meant for sale, 
 had their prices marked upon them, although they could 
 not be removed until the Exposition closed. They were 
 then disposed of, and generally at remunerative prices, 
 to contributors and visitors from other lands ; and ave¬ 
 nues of trade were opened that were unknown before, 
 but will become extensive as the world. Our contrib¬ 
 utors gained also valuable knowledge from the almost 
 innumerable works of genius and of skill presented to 
 their view. New ideas were obtained, which, in the 
 Yankee’s fertile mind, will grow into a harvest yielding 
 fruit a hundred-fold. 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 7-7 
 
 A single proposition made by commissioners to the 
 Exposition, if it shall be successfully carried out, will 
 compensate for a very great amount of labor and expense 
 on the part of contributors. I allude to the attempt to 
 estal)lish a uniform standard of coins, weights, and 
 measures. The coinage, weights, and measures of dif- 
 feient nations do not correspond, and inconvenience and 
 vexation aie the result. This fact w’as made clearly 
 obvious at the Exposition, and commissioners from 
 various countries all agreed that a uniform system 
 should prevail. The French standard is generally sat¬ 
 isfactory. A few other countries have already adopted 
 it. 
 
 It is of very great importance, as will readily be per¬ 
 ceived, that the currencies of every nation, and the 
 weights and measures of all, should have an equal value. 
 In the language of Professor Hager: “ AW men engaged 
 in commercial pursuits will be benefited. None but 
 brokers will suffer by the change. Apotliecaries, grocers 
 and goldsmiths will use the same standard weights; the 
 milkman and the merchant will have the same sized 
 vessels; the surveyor, the merchant, the astronomer, and 
 the mechanic, will use alike the same standard for 
 measure ; and the old tables of troy, apothecaries, and 
 avoi'dupois weight, milk and wine measure, and the 
 perplexing tables of long, square, and cubic measure, 
 that lumbered up the arithmetics of our school-boy days, 
 and have bothered the man of business in making his 
 computations, will all be cast aside to give place to the 
 more simple and sensible system based on decimal 
 ratio.” 
 
78 PARIS EXI’OSITION. [May, 
 
 The Congress of the United States the last year made 
 a law permitting the proposed standard, so tar as it 
 relates to woiglits and measures, to be adopted in this 
 
 country. i + 
 
 I must not forget to mention the religious element 
 
 and influence connected with the Exposition. Two 
 temporary houses for religious worship were erected 
 with esnecial reference to their influence upon the 
 Exposition: namely, the Anglo-American (Episcopal,) 
 iust outside, and the Evangelical Hall (Union,) just 
 within the exhibition grounds. In the latter, services 
 in various languages were conducted nearly every day 
 during the continuance of the Exposition. Bibles and 
 tracts^were freely distributed from buildings used Tor 
 religious purposes near the Hall. From the Bible 
 stand, more than two millions of separate gospels and 
 other portions of the Bible, in seventeen different lan¬ 
 guages— English, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, 
 German, Swedish, Greek, Turkish, Hungarian, Chinese, 
 Arabic, &c., were given away to all classes of people. 
 
 The British and Foreign Bible Society, from its stand 
 near by, sold and gave away about one hundred and 
 thirty thousand Bibles and Testaments; and from 
 another stand more than two millions of tracts, m 
 twenty-two languages were in like manner disposed ot, 
 many of which were furnished by the American Tract 
 
 Society. 
 
 Another building near, was the Mission House, m 
 wliicli different Protestant missionary organizations ex¬ 
 hibited the evidences of their success in various portions 
 of the heathen world. Of these organizations — Engiisii, 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 79 
 
 1868.] 
 
 French, German, Swiss, &c. — none gave so interesting 
 and significant an exhibition, as the American Board of 
 Commissioners for Foreign Missions. First, it showed 
 the largest number of books, and seme eight hundred 
 volumes of pamphlets, in twenty-five languages, trans¬ 
 lated and used by its missionaries in heathen climes. 
 Second, it showed the evidences of a people actually 
 converted from a belief in idols to the worship of the 
 living God. The conversion of the Sandwich Islanders 
 was represented to the eye by the contents of two glass 
 show-cases; the one filled wHh wooden idols, and 
 marked 1816 ; the other containing open school-books, 
 newspapers, etc., arranged around an open Bible, and 
 marked 1866. Third, conspicuously displayed in tables, 
 was the statistical evidence of money expended by the 
 Board during the last year; a greater amount for for¬ 
 eign missions, even, than by the London Society, which 
 is usually in advance of all others in this matter. 
 
 The sole charge of this department for the American 
 Board was in the hands of Dr. Eldridge, minister of the 
 American Protestant Church in Paris. 
 
 The American Bible Society, the Boston Tract 
 Society, and the New t^ork Tract Society, were all well 
 represented in the Exposition. 
 
 The Exhibition was open on Sundays, with the ma¬ 
 chinery running in the same, with the exception of the 
 English department, which was for the most part 
 stopped and the goods in that department covered on 
 Sundays ; and so far as the goods were concerned, this 
 was the fact in the American department. The, follow¬ 
 ing petition was numerously signed and presented to 
 
80 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 tlio United States Commission, in regard to the proper 
 observance of the Sabbath. I present it in tliis Report 
 because I approved it at the time, and believed it in 
 Ivceping with the spirit and genius of our people and 
 State. 
 
 To the United States Commissioners at the Universal Exposition 
 of 1867 at Paris. 
 
 Gentlemen: — The unclersigoed, on behalf of himself and a 
 larges number of our countrymen at home and in Paris, begs 
 respectfully to call attention to the great and disparaging con¬ 
 trast which is now presented on the Sabbath day between tho 
 English and American department of the Universal Exposition, 
 especially in groups two and six; and to request that you will 
 take such action as will relieve our country and people from the 
 derogatory comparison and remarks to which they are now sub¬ 
 jected in consequence of this unfavorable contrast and the mani¬ 
 fest non-conformity to the cherished institutions and usages of 
 our people at home. It is probably not known to many of your 
 number that, while in the English machinery department (Group 
 Six.) the steam power is wholly shut off, the machinery entirely 
 quiet, and nearly everything in that section (and much of that, 
 also, in other sections,) carefully covered up, in the United 
 States department (Group Six, the steam-power, which for a 
 season was shut off, and the shafting and machinery quiet on the 
 Sabbath as in the adjoining English department, is now put on 
 again, and the shafting all running, and much of the machinery 
 in motion. A great falling off in the Sabbath observance is also 
 manifested, and in some other sections of our department of the 
 Exposition, especially in Group Two, where the musical per¬ 
 formances and consequent large gatherings of people, present a 
 striking contrast with the corresponding section in the English 
 department. 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 81 
 
 Various reasons have been assigned for this revived Sunday 
 runn>Dg of the machinery in our United States department, some 
 asserting that the United States Commissioners desire it, and 
 others that the Imperial Commission demand it. 
 
 Ooe of the Imperial Commissioners, in reply to specific ques¬ 
 tions, submitted with the request that the matter might be 
 brought before the Commission. They (the Imperial Commis¬ 
 sioners) say to me that the exhibitors remain perfectly free to 
 use or not to use the steam furnished by the “ Imperial Com¬ 
 mission,” and in regard to closing the “ annexes ” (or outside 
 buildings) he writes: “The Imperial Commissioners requiie 
 (exige) that the annexes should be open {soil ouverie'), but this 
 is not absolutely insisted upon {absolument iigoureux) 
 
 The tacit assent of the Imperial Commissioners to the long- 
 continued acrion of the British Commissioners, in shutting off' all 
 steam-power and stopping all machinery, and the general locking 
 or covering up of their machinery, and many other of their 
 exhibitions on Sundays, seems to prove conclusively that no 
 opposition to a proper observance of the Sabbath day will be 
 offered by them (the Imperial Commissioners). Hence it fol¬ 
 lows that the power and responsibility in this matter rest wholly 
 with the United States Commissioners, and that the relief now 
 sought for depends upon their voluntary action. 
 
 The exhibitors, so far as known, are found to be generally in 
 favor of the Sabbath observance, so far at least as the matter is 
 presented in this memorial. 
 
 Some “ would not wish to exhibit their machinery if their 
 neighbors did not; ” many “ would be glad if the steam were 
 shut off, for the reason that while tlie shafting is running they 
 must remain to protect their machinery, which might be set in 
 motion by others, and thus subjected to much damage.” None, 
 so far as the undersigned is informed, have any particular desire 
 that the steam-power should be put on, on Sundays. 
 
82 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 The undersigued has received from your President a copy of 
 the minutes adopted by your commission in April last, in 
 response to an essentially different memorial of Messrs. Embree, 
 Paxton, and others of New York ; but as the application then 
 made was different, and as theie appears to have been some 
 misapprehension in regard to the requirements of the Imperial 
 Commission, it is trusted that your then action did not finally 
 dispose of the subject. 
 
 The fact stated in your former minutes that the “ Imperial 
 Commissioners have made permanent arrangements for the run¬ 
 ning of the shafting for a certain number of days, Sundays 
 included,” while it may perhaps require the United States Com¬ 
 missioners to pay for that service, cannot surely compel them to 
 use that steam-power when not wanted, or if to use it makes it 
 necessary for many of the exhibitors to lemain on the premises 
 ^n the Sabbath, contrary to their inclinations and principles, to 
 protect the machinery under their care from damage. 
 
 The second position assumed in your former minutes, “that 
 the Imperial Commissioners could not in good faith allow any of 
 the passages running through the American quarter to be 
 closed,” is granted, and has never been questioned by the 
 undersigned. 
 
 In regard to your third conclusion in the minutes referred to. 
 While the undersigned and his associates do not ask or expect 
 the United States Commissioners to take any action or express 
 any opinion in reference to the moral convictions or national 
 habits and usages of “ the exhibitors in other departments,” 
 they would much regret if any moral or other influence sliould 
 be so exercised as to cause our exhibitors to yield an unwilling 
 or even an apparent compliance with, or acquiesence in, the 
 Sunday labor or Sunday amusement predilections and usages of 
 the exhibitors in any other departments. The continued use of 
 steam and running of shafting in the United States department 
 
1868.] SENATE—No. 333. 83 
 
 does seem calculated to produce such results, inasmuch as it 
 compels several exhibitors to remain at the Exposition on the 
 Sabbath to protect the machinery under their care ; it also seems 
 to convey to the people of other nations an erroneous impression 
 of the moral principles and general habits and usages of our 
 people at home. 
 
 For the foregoing reasons and others which could be sug¬ 
 gested, and encouraged by the declaration in your former 
 minutes that you “ fully sympathize in their desire to keep holy 
 the Sabbath day,” the undersigned respectfully but earnestly 
 desire and request that the United States Commissioners will 
 consent to the discountenance hereafter, of the use of steam- 
 power and the running of machinery in the United States 
 department of the Exposition on Sundays; and that they will 
 be pleased to adopt such other practicable means as may be best 
 calculated to preserve the character and reputation which our 
 country has heretofore sustained for its consistent observance of 
 the Christian Sabbath, and to present a more favorable com¬ 
 parison with the present usages of our neighbors in the English 
 department. 
 
 All which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 Geo. D. Phelps, of New York. 
 
 Paris, June 22, 18G7. 
 
 The undersigned, without being personally cognizant of all 
 the facts stated in the foregoing memorial, cordially unite in the 
 desires and requests presented, that all practical means may be 
 adopted by the United States Commissioners to promote the 
 better observance of the Christian Sabbath at the Universal 
 Exposition in the United States department. 
 
 A. Eldridge, Pastor of the American Chapel; Chs. S. P. 
 Bowles, L. Drevet, Henry Woods, J. H. Rhoder, L. F. Mellen, 
 D. D. Colton, Wm. S. Thompson, Chas. W. May, John Sher- 
 
84 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 man, Wm. O. Lamson, Rector Am. Episcopal Church, Sanil. F 
 
 B. ISIorsc, Geo. T. Richards, W. G. T. Shedd, 11. Walcott 
 Robbins, Jr., Norton & Co., H. A. Chapin, Juo. W. Forney 
 John Lamsou, Edward Matthews, Jno. Munrce, Edward R. 
 Andrews, Silas C. Herring, John A. Kasson, Henry B. Rogers, 
 Jr., Geo. S. Partridge, Jr., Thos. Balch, A. A. Low, Theo. S. 
 Evans, Lewis M. Brown, Jas. W. Tucker, Chas. J. Martin, J. 
 
 C. Kane, Benj. Curtis, John P. Reynolds, Geo. F. Corlies, A. 
 
 D. Hager, L. T. Merritt, of Fairbanks & Co., Freak. Marquared, 
 of New A'ork, Arnos Kendall, John David Wolfe, David Law¬ 
 rence, E. S. Wheeler, Jr., David Yf . Bishop, L. J. White, J. B. 
 Thomas, George Merrill, Joan Emerson, Marshall P. Wilder, 
 Curtis Noble, Chas. Sherbette, W. M. Goodrich, D. Stuart 
 Dodge, ' R. N. Havens, D. L. Moody, J. M. Usher, Jesso 
 Bucknara, John E. Tyler, J. Arthur Beebe. 
 
 To our distinguished fellow-citizen General Banks, 
 more than to any other individual, the country is 
 indebted for whatever of credit and renown has come 
 to us from the great enterprise ; for it was mainly 
 through his persistent efforts in the national House of 
 Representatives, that Congress was induced, by resolu¬ 
 tions and an appropriation, to encourage it. I deem it 
 just and proper to make this reference to his successful 
 labors. 
 
 I must not conclude witliout reference to the indefati¬ 
 gable and efficient labors of L. F. Alellcn, Esq., of Ohio, 
 a Massachusetts man by birth, and Secretary of the 
 American Commission. I desire to acknowledge my obli¬ 
 gations to him for bis uniform courtesy and invaluable 
 aid. 
 
 In conclusion. The Exposition, judged by results 
 
SENATE—No. 333. 
 
 85 
 
 1868.] 
 
 already known, lias fully justified the enterprise. 
 Judged, in its widest sense, by the fruitage that must 
 follow to mankind, our country and the States may well 
 congratulate each other and themselves that from so 
 grand an enterprise they did not stand aloof. 
 
 JAMES M. USHER, 
 Principal Agent for Massachusetts. 
 
86 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 CATALOGUE OF AWARDS 
 
 TO THE 
 
 AT THE 
 
 EXPOSITION UNIVERSELLE, PARIS. 
 
 Cross of Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. 
 
 1 . Chickeiing & Sons, Boston. 
 
 New Order of Recompenses. 
 
 For persons, establishments, or localities, which, by organizations 
 or special institutions, have developed harmony among co-op¬ 
 erators, and produced, in an eminent degree, the material, 
 moral, and intellectual well being of the workman. 
 
 2. Chapin, William C., Agent of the Pacific Mills, Lawrence, 
 Grand Prize, a Gold Medal of the value of 1,000 francs, and 
 9,000 francs in gold. 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 883. 
 
 87 
 
 Gold Medals. 
 
 3. Chickering & Son, Boston. Pianos. To this gold medal 
 was added by the Emperor the Cross of Chevalier of the Legion 
 of Honor. See No. 1. 
 
 4. Whitney, J. P., Boston. Silver Ores from Colorado. 
 
 Silver Medals- 
 
 5. Baker, W., & Co., Dorchester. Chocolates. 
 
 6. Bigelow, H., Boston. Copper and Minerals from Lake 
 Superior. 
 
 7. Bond, William, & Son, Boston. Astronomical Clock and 
 Chronograph. 
 
 8. Jackson, Dr. Charles T., Boston. Co-operator for Dis¬ 
 covery of Emery in the United States. 
 
 9. Florence Sewing Machine Company, Florence. Sewing 
 Machines. 
 
 10. Crompton, G., Worcester. Loom for Cloths. 
 
 11. Douglas Axe Manufacturing Company, Boston. Edge 
 Tools. 
 
 12. Hall, J., & Son, Boston. Buggy. 
 
 13. Howe, Dr. S. G., Boston. Works for the Blind. 
 
 14. Mason & Hamlin, Boston. Cabinet Organs. 
 
 15. Partridge Fork Works, Leominster. Steel Hay Eorks, 
 Rakes, ^c. See 28. 
 
 16. Smith & Wesson, Springfield. Fire-Arms and Cartridges. 
 
 17. Spencer Repeating Rifle Company, Boston. Spencer 
 Rifles. 
 
 18. Taft, J. B., Cliester. Emery. 
 
 19. Tucker, H. & Co., Boston. Iron Ornaments, imitation 
 of Bronze. 
 
 20. Washington Mills, Boston. Woolen Fabrics. See also 
 45 Honorable Mention. 
 
88 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 [May, 
 
 21. Webster Woolen Mills, Webster. Woolen Fabrics. 
 
 22. AVhitney, B. D., Wincbendon. Wood- Working Machines. 
 
 23. Yaie and Winn Manufacturing Company, Shelburne 
 Falls. Yale Locks. 
 
 Bronze Medals. 
 
 24. Babcock, J. F., Boston. Rosin Oil. 
 
 25. Brigham, E. D., Treasurer Portage Lake Smelting 
 Works, Boston. Lake Superior Copper. 
 
 26. Hadley Company, Holyoke. Sewing Cotton. 
 
 27. Harris, D. L., Springfield. Engine Lathe. 
 
 28. Houghton, H. O., & Co., Cambridge. Books. 
 
 29. Meniara, G. & C., Springfield. Webster s Illustrated 
 Dictionary. 
 
 30. Partridge Fork Works, Leominster. Agricultural Hand 
 Tools. See, also, 13. 
 
 31. Pratt & Wentworth, Boston. Peerless Cooking Stove. 
 
 32. Shaw, Pliilander, Boston. Hot-Air Engine. 
 
 33. Slater, S., & Son, Webster. Cotton Fabrics. 
 
 34. Southern Cotton Gin Company, Bridgewater. Cotton 
 Gins. 
 
 35. Union Button-Hole and Embroidery Co., Boston. But¬ 
 ton-Hole Machine. 
 
 36. Wickersham Nail Company, Boston. Nail-Cutting 
 Machine. 
 
 Honorable Mentions. 
 
 37. American Steam Gauge Company, Boston. Steam 
 Gauges. 
 
 38. Bacon, S. T., Boston Cracker Machinery. 
 
 39. Bray & Hayes, Boston. Preserved Lobsters. 
 
1868.] 
 
 SENATE—No. 833. 
 
 89 
 
 40. Brou n, D. J., Roxbury. Enarheled Leather. 
 
 41. Chipman, G. IV., & Co., Boston. Carpet Lininej. 
 
 42. DwigJit, G., Jr., & Co., Springfield. Steam Pump. 
 
 43. Eclsou, W., Boston. Htjgrodeik. 
 
 44. Gould, J. D., Boston. Mica. 
 
 45. Paul, J. F., & Co , Boston. Specimens of Wood. 
 
 46. Tilden, Howard, Boston. Sifter, Tobacco Cutter^ and 
 Epg Beater. 
 
 47. Washington Mills, Boston. Shawls. See, also, 18. 
 
90 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 THE OFFICIAL 
 
 DISTRIBUTION OF THE PRIZES, 
 
 AT MUSIC HALL, BOSTON, 
 
 TUESDAY EVEM.YG, JUNE 18th. 
 
 The medals and diplomas awarded to the Massachu¬ 
 setts contributors to the Universal Exposition having 
 been officially received by Mr. Usher, a desire was 
 expressed by many citizens that the public should be 
 afforded an opportunity of seeing these tributes to the 
 enterprise, skill, and intelligence of our citizens. They 
 were therefore placed upon exhibition for a few days at 
 the store of A. A. Childs & Co., 127 Tremont Street, 
 where they were visited by many persons. 
 
 . The results of the Exposition were of such general 
 interest to the community it was decided tliat the 
 formal presentation should be public ; and believing 
 that a description of this closing act in the drama, so far 
 as our citizens were concerned, will be of interest to the 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 91 
 
 public, I here insert an account of the meeting, copied 
 from the Boston Daily Advertiser^ of June 19. 
 
 [From the Boston Daily Advertiser.] 
 
 All immense meeting was held on Thursday evening, 
 June 18, in Music Hall, for the purpose of doing honor 
 to the Massachusetts recipients of prizes at tlie Paris 
 Exposition, and publicly delivering to them the medals 
 won by their superiority. Just in front of the organ 
 there was a handsome design in bunting intermingling 
 the French and American flags, and on the face of the 
 bunting was the inscription, ‘‘ Merit and Reward,” 
 inclosed in a wreath. The crown of the design was the 
 American eagle with the branch of peace in his talons 
 flanked by American flags and surmounted by a tricolor. 
 At the base of the design was a French flag with the 
 coat of arms in gilt. Along a part of the front of the 
 lower galleries, the diplomas in frames were ranced, and 
 the medals were laid on a little table covered with the 
 American colors and placed on the platform. The 
 audience included a very large number of ladies. The 
 employees of Chickering & Sons, numbering 345, with 
 a brass band composed of their associates, attended in a 
 body, bearing their handsome banners. 
 
 As a prelude to the ceremonies, several airs were per¬ 
 formed on the organ, and Gilmore’s Band, whicli had gen¬ 
 erously volunteered for the occasio'-.played a few pieces. 
 
 Mr. J. M. Usher then came forward and spoke as 
 follows: — 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen : — On the first day of July, in the 
 city of Paris, twenty thousand persons assembled in the Palace 
 
92 
 
 PAllJS EXPOSITION. 
 
 of Indastry, when the Emperor appeared and officially an¬ 
 nounced the names of those who were crowned with the Legion 
 of Honor, w’ho bad earned hy their efforts gold medals. We are 
 here this evening, not in numbers twenty thousand, but we are 
 here, a large and intelligent audience, to manifest our interest in 
 the great industiial arts, the representatives of which are here, 
 and who acted in the Paris Exposition on the stage. They are 
 hero with the results, these medals, these diplomas, on the right 
 hand and on the left. 
 
 It is not my purpose to occupy much time this evening, but 
 simply to introduce the services; and with these brief remarks 
 to the audience, I shall address myself more especially to the 
 power which conferred upon me the privilege of representing the 
 interests of the State of Massachusetts in the Paris Exnosition. 
 
 4.- 
 
 May it please your Excellency :—On tliis occasion, at this 
 concluding ceremony on the part of Massachusetts and a portion 
 of its citizens, relating to the Great Industrial Exposition of 
 1867, I deem it my duty, as it certainly is ray pleasure, to refer 
 bi iefly to the efforts made and the results obtained by contrib¬ 
 utors from the Old Bay State to the grandest enterprise of its 
 kind the w'orld has ever seen. It wms an enterprise to which 
 the State contributed generous aid, and w’hich was regarded by 
 your Excellency, from its inception to its close, with watchful 
 interest and care. 
 
 In an event of so great importance and of so rare occurrence, 
 obstacles of various kinds prevented that unqualified success 
 which in future exhibitions may reasonably he expected; but 
 ihese obstacles were so far overcome by the untiring zeal and 
 perseverance of mo.st of those having charge of the enterprise, 
 and by many of the contributors of goods, that the report of the 
 State Agent, which I have bad the honor to present to yon, is in 
 no sense, it is believed, difcreditable to our Commonwealth. 
 
 It is even marvelous that the United States, or any portion 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 93 
 
 of them, just emerging from a long and unusually exciting and 
 distressing war, should have found time and opportunity to 
 make that preparation for the Exposition which has resulted in 
 so much advantage to contributors, so much honor to our State 
 and country, and so much prospective and substantial good to 
 the human race. 
 
 The time for preparation was short, the distance to be trav¬ 
 eled great, and the expenses attending the affair of much 
 account; yet our people were not deterred from entering the 
 great world’s strife for victories that shall promote the civilization 
 and the religion of all the countries of the earth. 
 
 It may not be amiss to say that about one hundred and fifty 
 acres of ground in the city of Paris were devoted to the objects 
 of the Exposition. The main building enclosed nearly forty 
 acres, and contained contributions from more than 60,000 per¬ 
 sons, the weight of the articles presented being more than 30,000 
 tons.. 
 
 The jury consisted of 600 members, and they awarded at 
 the first declaration — a second being subsequently made — 64 
 grand prizes, 883 gold medals, 3,653 silver medals, 6,565 
 bronze medals, and 5,801 honorable mentions. 
 
 In the percentage of awards, the United States stood next to 
 France. The first Grand Prize for the Transatlantic Telegraph 
 was awarded to Cyrus W. Field, a citizen of the United States ; 
 and a Grand Prize to David Hughes, also a citizen of the 
 United States, for the Printing Telegraph. 
 
 In articles of common and important use, viz., reapers, mowers, 
 sewing machines, etc., our country distanced all competitors ; 
 and Massachusetts, in her various contribution.s, ranked superior 
 in honors and awards to the most favored State. 
 
 I desire on this occasion to express my admiration of the 
 wisdom of the Emperor of France, as shown in his grand con¬ 
 ception and ideas of the Exposition, and my high appreciation of 
 
94 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 the uutiring and efficient labors of the Imperial Commissioner in 
 carrying forward to enlarged success the Emperor’s design. 
 
 That the Paris Exposition will afford a new stimulus to 
 national harmony and individual and national progress, I cannot 
 doubt; and I conclude my remarks in the following appropriate 
 language of the Emperor: — 
 
 “ The Exposition of 1867 will, I hope, mark a new era of 
 harmony and progress. Assured that Pi evidence blesses the 
 efforts of those who, like ourselves, aim at doing good, I believe 
 in the final triumph of those great principles of morality and 
 justice, which, in satisfying all legitimate aspirations, can alone 
 consolidate thrones, exalt nations, and ennoble humanity.” 
 
 I now most respectfully give in charge to your Excellency 
 these medals and diplomas, that they may be by you presented 
 to the successful competitors for honors and awards in the great 
 “ Peace Society'' of 1867. 
 
 His Excellency Governor Bullock having been pre¬ 
 sented by Mr. Usher, made the following address: — 
 
 Gentlemen : — The Commonwealth of Massachusetts bore a 
 part in the recent exhibition at Paris of the industries and arts. 
 From its treasury a liberal appropriation was made to facilitate 
 the co-operation of its citizens in this attempt to illustrate the 
 progress and triumph of the later civilization; officers were 
 appointed who should represent the State ; and many of our 
 products of skill and genius were forwarded to the field of the 
 world’s competition. The elaborate report of the principal 
 agent, Mr. Usher, has already been published, and I hope in 
 due time to be enabled to present to the public the report of the 
 State Commissioner, Professor Rogers, touching the relations of 
 the great Exposition with the practical arts and sciences upon 
 which the welfare of the race so distinctly rests. It seems 
 fitting that now, after this tournament of the knights of labor has 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 95 
 
 ended, our share in the trophies should in some public and official 
 manner be recognized, in just tribute to those who have won 
 them, and in the interest of the whole people. 
 
 It is not needed that I should wander from my purpose of 
 performing simply an executive duty, and indulge in any remarks 
 upon the growth and strength of States, in our time displayed by 
 the development of practical and ornamental mechanism. The 
 proofs of amazing progress in this direction have of late years 
 culminated in exhibitions to which all nations have been parties 
 with an affluence of contributions that has made palpable and 
 conspicuous the character of the era in which it is our fortune to 
 live. Upon these occasions at London, at Paris, and at New 
 York, the advancement of the peoples of the globe has, within 
 the period of twenty years, been repeatedly presented for obser¬ 
 vation and history, in a manner representing these industrial 
 tendencies, especially of the three leading nations, and measur¬ 
 ably of all the others. In times past, the prowess of all of them 
 was most strikingly manifested when they met on the fields of 
 war and in the shock of arms. And although we have not yet 
 attained that assured moral status which makes war impossible 
 and peace universal, yet the generation now living is witnessing 
 the approximation to such an attainment. Industry is peace; 
 peace is progress, and progress is humanity. The most effective 
 peace societies are the societies of agriculture, mechanical and 
 msthetic art. The mowing machine is a more beneficent con. 
 queror than the Armstrong gun ; the looms of Lyons and Leeds 
 and Lawrence are premiers heard round the world ; and Chick- 
 cring’s pianos are better than war bugles to herald pacification 
 to mankind. Crystal palaces are taking the place of baronial 
 castles, and feudalism is giving way to science and art which 
 invigorate religion, liberty, and law. 
 
 At this moment we all easily recall the part which w^as sus¬ 
 tained by our own country in the first international exhibition 
 
9G 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 which was held in London in 1851. How at its opening the 
 “ Times ” expressed an ostensible surprise, but I fear a con¬ 
 cealed salisfaclion, at the meagreness of the American depart¬ 
 ment. And how at its close, the press of England and the 
 Continent spoke in another tone, after McCormack had swept 
 the field with his reaper, and Powers had awakened new sensa¬ 
 tions in the domain of art and beauty. Since that day the 
 people of this country, people of Massachusetts, have carried 
 their experiments of invention and practice, their million-handed 
 manufacture, their heavier and their lighter machines, their 
 union of the physical forces with the moral welbbeing of all who 
 labor, their instrumentalities which effect a great production, and 
 as well those which effect the culture of sentiment and taste in 
 men and v. omen, — these they have carried forward to a pitch 
 rf success that makes them not afraid to be presented before any 
 court or tribunal assembled on either side of the water to tiy 
 each who contributes to the cause of all. 
 
 And, accordingly, it is my pleasure to announce a verdict 
 which ought to b»^ satisfactory to us from the recent canvass of 
 merit at Paris. The United States has every reason to be 
 gratified with the result; and our own Commonwealth has equal 
 reason to be pleased with its proportion of success. Of the forty- 
 five honorable awards made, under difierent styles of designation, 
 to citizens of this State, it is not necessary that I should here 
 repeat the mention which has heretofore been so generally made 
 public. Without any intent of being invidious I may allude to 
 two of these. It is proper as it is natural, that we should all of 
 us feel a degree of pride in the distinction of the Cross of the 
 Legion of Honor bestowed upon our fellow-citizen, Mr. Chick- 
 cring, for his triumph in a department of genius and taste in 
 which our sensibilities are most profoundly interested ; and I am 
 sure he will permit me, in the greater simplicity of our repub¬ 
 lican forms, to deliver into his hands the symbol already pro- 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 97 
 
 sented to him by his Imperial Majesty of Franee. Nor can I 
 omit to name also the high honors conferred upon the corporation 
 of the Pacific Mills of Lawrence for its special organizations and 
 institutions in promoting the material, moral, and intellectual 
 good of all persons connected with its works. This corporation 
 not only has a soul, but it has a cultivated and an active soul. 
 It furnishes an example to all others, in that it rewards labor by 
 honoring and elevating it. And as to all these awards, honors, 
 and medals, too many to permit mention now, in behalf of the 
 Government of the State, and in behalf of its people, I take 
 special pride in making here a formal and final delivery to those 
 who have achieved them. They have not in this competition 
 conferred greater credit upon themselves than upon their State. 
 They have given to it an advanced rank in the public history. 
 To their efiTorts in part we are doubtless indebted for the lan¬ 
 guage of Baron Dupin, who, in his report on the Exposition, 
 addressed to the Emperor, thus pays graceful compliment to this 
 Commonwealth: — 
 
 “ West of the Atlantic, Massachusetts, small in her territory 
 which is incomparably less fertile than the valleys of the Missis¬ 
 sippi, La Plata, or the Amazon, is great by her industry. She 
 places herself at the head of the sciences and the industrial arts, 
 in the midst of the States of the New World. To her limited 
 territory she adds two oceans; she sends more seamen to the 
 polar circles in pursuit of their great cetacea than all other 
 nations together. She goes even to Asia to seek for the treas¬ 
 ures of the equator; she pays for the aromatics, the priceless 
 perfumes of the torrid zune, with ice from her lakes. To draw 
 from her running streams advantages still more astonishing, she 
 transforms her cataracts, her rapids, into moving powers rivaling 
 steam. It does not satisfy this State to create an Alma Mater 
 at Cambridge in order to extend the limits of science, and to add 
 even the stars to her conquests; but she founds at the same time 
 
98 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 her Manchester, her Glasgow, her Leeds, and her Halifax. In 
 the half century that is to succeed this that we are describing, 
 she is preparing for a gigantic struggle with the Colossus of 
 British industry. She is commencing now. New England is 
 fighting her second battle for independence, and the victory will 
 be the independence of the industrial arts.” 
 
 ^ His Excellency was frequently interrupted with 
 applause, which was remarkably hearty at the men Lion 
 of Chickering’s pianos in contrast with war bugles. 
 
 Mr. Usher then ^aid: “The Governor will now pass 
 to the successful parties their awards. The names of all 
 the parties will be called, but it is possible some of them 
 may not be present.’’ 
 
 Governor Bullock then distributed the medals as the 
 names were called. The first read was that of Chicker- 
 ing & Sons, piano manufacturers, to whom was given 
 the Cross of Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, and a 
 gold medal. As Mr. Chickering stepped forward to 
 receive the awards which the firm he represents so 
 richly merits, he was received with loud and prolonged 
 applause from the audience, and music by the band. 
 
 The next award was to the Pacific Mills, Lawrence, 
 a grand prize,-—a gold medal of the value of 1,000 
 francs, and 9,000 francs in gold. This was given under 
 the new order of recompense, “ for persons, establish¬ 
 ments, or localities, which, by organizations or special 
 institutions, have developed harmony among co-opera¬ 
 tors, and produced, in an eminent degree, the material, 
 moral, and intellectual well-being of the workman.” 
 
 A gold medal was also awarded to J. P. Whitney, of 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 99 
 
 Boston, for silver ores from Colorado. The medal was 
 received by Alderman George W. Messinger amid much 
 applause. 
 
 The names of the recipients of silver medals were next 
 read, the band responding to each by playing some 
 national air. When the medal given to Pratt & Went¬ 
 worth, of Boston, for the Peerless Cooking Stove, was 
 announced, the band responded with “ Home, Sweet 
 Home,” which was encored by the audience. 
 
 After reading the names of those who had received 
 diplomas, the Chairman called upon Mr. William P. 
 Eustis, who spoke briefly as follows : — 
 
 Mr. Chairman : — It is quite unexpected to me to be called 
 upon at the commencement of this meeting, and I do not propose 
 to make any extended remarks ; but a single idea has occurred 
 to me since I have been sitting here, that it is in the memory of 
 many of us here that not many years ago the question was asked 
 sarcastically concerning us, “ Wlio reads an American book ? ” 
 That question, I think, has been pretty well settled by the com¬ 
 munity generally throughout the world, and it is very pleasant 
 to acknowledge the recent endorsement of the answer in the 
 affirmative from the source from which the question originated. 
 The recent honor that has been conferred upon us must be 
 gratifying to all. It would have been equally pertinent, sir, if at 
 the time when that question was decided, the question had been, 
 “ Who makes use of an American tool ? ” That question, I 
 think, has besn very satisfactorily answered at the great Expo¬ 
 sition in Paris, and we have confirmed it here this evening. 
 
 As I remarked at the outset, I did not intend to make any 
 extended remarks; but I rise for the purpose of introducing to 
 you, sir, my friend, your friend, the friend of America, and the 
 
100 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 friend of the Union [cheers], Rev. Leon Pilatte, of Nice, France, 
 who, during our struggle, during our peril, was firm for the 
 Union, and among the faithless faithful was found. 
 
 The reverend gentleman was presented to the audi¬ 
 ence by the Chairman, and spoke as follows: — 
 
 I owe the honor of addressing you to my nationality. And I 
 thank you for the opportunity which is offered to me of express¬ 
 ing that which has been in my mind ever since I sat in this room. 
 If there was an exhibition, not of what nations do, but of what 
 nations are, what place would occupy in such an exhibition the 
 State of Massachusetts ? [Applause.] Well, France is a great 
 country [laughter] ; no doubt of it [cheers]. But ever since T 
 have visited this country, — when a young man I came many 
 years ago to study your institutions, — I have felt that the 
 grandeur of a nation, the majesty of a people, does not reside in 
 the millions it may number, in the magnificence of its monu¬ 
 ments, in the progress even of its industry or of its arts; but 
 that the true grandeur of a people resides in its intellectual, 
 moral, and religious elevation. And I have said that of all the 
 States of the world, my own State, in many respects so great 
 and so glorious, is not the first. And when I have gone over 
 nearly every one of the United States, reading your laws, 
 observing your customs, studying your condition, I will not 
 flatter you in telling the truth; I have said that of all the States 
 I know Massachusetts is the greatest. [Applause.] Yes, the 
 greatest; for there I have found more instruction, more morality, 
 more religion in the true and deep sense of the word, than in 
 any other State I have visited, taking all in all. And I wish 
 there were an exhibition of nations, where Massachusetts with 
 its institutions and its people could truly be exhibited. Now it 
 is not a Cross of the Legion of Honor, it is not a silver nor a 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 101 
 
 bronze medal, — there is nothing precious enough in this world 
 to do sufficient honor to those who stand at the head of nations 
 in learning (I mean the people at large, and not certain individ¬ 
 uals), in mental, in moral, and religious culture. You, sir, who 
 visited Paris at the last exhibition, you must have come away 
 from that transformed city filled with admiration. What mag¬ 
 nificent streets, what splendid order, what beauty, what art, at 
 every step I You were deeply impressed, I have no doubt, with 
 the outward magnificence of the capital of France, and with its 
 wealth as regards art and industry. Well you might be. And 
 do you know what impresses me more than you can have been 
 impressed in Paris ? It is the sight which meets me at every 
 step in this country, — a free people. And I would sell for a 
 little freedom a great deal of that which is admired in my own 
 country. May you — and I think I speak here to a fair repre-* 
 sentation of the people of Massachusetts — may you (and that 
 wish comes out of the depths of my heart) ever retain that free¬ 
 dom, that love of intellectual culture, that high-toned morality, 
 and that Christian religion, which have made your grandeur in 
 the past, and which, if preserved amongst you and in these 
 United States, will be in one sense a lighthouse for the world — 
 not for the new alone, but for the old also. Allow me — since 
 it has been alluded to, the deep interest I personally took in 
 your recent fearful struggle — allow me to say that in common 
 with my friend Gasparin, in common with my friend Laboulaye, 
 and in common with the best minds of our country, I felt that 
 you were fighting your own battle and ours, that you were fight¬ 
 ing for the hope of liberty. [Cheers.] The hope of liberty in 
 the old world was hanging upon the issues of your war. And 
 when despots sympathised with the rebellion, they knew full well 
 that if that rebellion succeeded, it was over, and for a long time, 
 with republican interests, and with republican liberty ; wffiilst if 
 the North, if the United States succeeded, their days were num- 
 
102 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 bered. May the niimber of those days be small, and your liberty 
 last forever. [Repeated applause.] 
 
 At the close of Mr. Pilatte’s address Mr. Usher 
 introduced Dr. George B. Loring, who spoke as 
 follows: — 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen : — I hardly know why I was 
 invited by the commissioner from Massachusetts to the Paris 
 Exposition to make a short concluding speech here this evening, 
 unless it was on account of the interest which I take in all public 
 demonstrations that are made for the benefit of labor. [Ap¬ 
 plause.] lie knows, my friends, that I believe in all the 
 associated means by which man can elevate himself in the scale 
 of being, and that I believe in all those associations which bring 
 men in competition with each other in the practical affairs of life. 
 So I believe that I am here, my friends, more as President of 
 the New England Agrhultural Society than in any other capacity 
 I can conceive of. [Applause.] Now, when I accepted the 
 invitation, I was not aware what an admirable and inspiring 
 scene I was to witness. I knew that Massachusetts had always 
 had a great and hearty reception for her distinguished statesmen, 
 when, on their return, they brought with them the honors nobly 
 won ; and I remember how the citizens of this Commonwealth 
 waited on her borders to receive your Webster, and your 
 Sumner, as they returned from fighting for the honor of this old 
 Commonwealth in the national capitol. I knew too that Massa¬ 
 chusetts had never been slow to receive her martial heroes. I 
 remember how your blood boiled in your veins when the generals 
 and commanders in the late war returned, and how your hands 
 and hearts opened to the boys in blue when they brought back 
 their well won honors. [Applause.] But I did not know that 
 there was so warm a reception ready for labor, for the intelli- 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 103 
 
 gent and educated labor of this Commonwealth, — that the 
 heroes that had won their renown on more peaceful fields had 
 worked their way into your hearts so far. I did not know that 
 the most distinguished manufacturer of pianos in the world came 
 home so honored by the musical sentiment of this community. 
 [Applause.] I did not know that the women of this Common¬ 
 wealth had so cordial a welcome for him who made their domes¬ 
 tic cares lighter by his ingenious and admirable cooking stove. 
 [Applause.] I had yet to learn that in all the great industrial 
 arts of life there was so much to be done, and that Massachusetts 
 would give so ardent and warm a welcome to these peaceful 
 heroes I see all around me, — not battle-scarred, but intelligent 
 and devoted to their State and country. 
 
 I think, my friends, that this scene — so large an audience 
 gathered to witness the bestowal of honors won by these gentle¬ 
 men in carrying the intelligence, education, and ingenuity, and 
 as my friend from Paris has said, the morality and religion of 
 Massachusetts into competition with the world — is a most 
 admirable and striking one. 
 
 It is by such instrumentalities as these that Massachusetts has 
 secured her great distinction. It is by such labor and industry 
 as are represented here that she has won her high position 
 among her sister States. In all the affairs of life it is her 
 endeavor to excel. Not only in her schools and all seminaries 
 of learning — not only in all her reformatory institutions — not 
 only in her devotion to all moral and religious cultivation — 
 does 'she manifest a zealous and self-sacrificing care; but in 
 those material endeavors which make her rich and powerful. 
 To this end she enchains her streams and levels her mountains, 
 and fills up her valleys, to become, as she is, a marvel of a great 
 Commonwealth in this community. Those gentlemen who car¬ 
 ried her arts and enterprise to Paris in competition with the 
 world, represented then the free, loyal, independent intelligence 
 
104 
 
 PAKIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 for which Massachusetts has always been distinguished, and they 
 also won more honors for her name. Massachusetts mechanics 
 have long earned for her a reputation of which she may well be 
 proud. Prom the day when Benjamin Count Rumford “ shot 
 like a meteor from the woods of Woburn,” as President Quincy 
 said, and rose into high civic honors in foreign lands, by his 
 ingenuity, industry, and skill, until this hour, have her busy sons 
 labored for her renown ; until, in our own day, fresh laurels, 
 most fitly bestowed, have fallen upon the descendants of Jonas 
 Chickering [applause and cheers], a simple, honest, sincere 
 faithful Massachusetts citizen and mechanic, who brought new 
 honor to his native State, who in his best and worst estate never 
 forgot the love he bore to the old Commonwealth, and to the city 
 of Boston, — and whose monument stands here before you. 
 [Applause ] And so, my friends, we may be proud of our 
 beloved Commonwealth, when we remember that this Attica of 
 ours wins her distinction not only by her wars of the Peloponnes- 
 sus, but by the ingenuity, the skill, the intelligence, and the 
 genius which desert no walk in life, but illuminate them all. I 
 feel grateful to God, my friends, that you and I are citizens of 
 this Commonwealth, and recipients of her large and ample 
 bounty. 
 
 Now, one word for these expositions and I am done. They 
 are the great modern peacemakers. They enlighten and civilize 
 Am.erica ; and when I heard the distinction which America won 
 in the Exposition of 1851, and that which again she won in the 
 Exposition in Paris in 1867, I felt assured that the time was 
 coming when men would beat their swords into ploughshares, 
 and their spears into pruning-hooks ; and that the heroes of the 
 time would be those who adorned and civilized life, and made 
 our existence here upon earth one of pleasure and admiration to 
 us all. Massachusetts has won an enviable distinction in the 
 past, and I trust that in all future time when her intelligent sons 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 105 
 
 compete, as they have done, with the labor of other countries, 
 she will find herself in the high and honorable position which she 
 occupies to-night. [Applause.] 
 
 The Chairma.i then introduced his Honor, Mayor 
 S’hurtleff, who addressed the audience as follows : — 
 
 I 
 
 Mr. Commissioner and Friends; — When I received the 
 Commissioner’s invitation, a few days ago, to be present and take • 
 part in the services of this interesting occasion, I made up my 
 mind, and kept it to the best of my ability, not to accept it for¬ 
 mally, for I did not wish to come here as a representative of the 
 city goverment. I felt that by birthright I was entitled to come 
 here to-night, and as one of you, my friends, to mingle with the 
 crowd as a citizen of Boston. 
 
 Mr. Commissioner, it gives me great pleasure to see you once 
 more with us, representing here, as you do, the sturdy industry 
 of Massachusetts, and the literary as well as the practical arts of 
 the community, — as you have been the faithful agent of our 
 good old Commonwealth at the great Exposition of art and 
 science in one of the oldest and most enlightened nations of the 
 transatlantic world. 
 
 When I heard you, in your address to his Excellency the 
 Governor, mention how high the United States stood in that 
 Grand Exposition, in respect to its contributions of the practical 
 works of art and of its scientific productions, I was rejoiced to 
 know that my country stood so well in the scale of merit. I 
 must confess I felt more proud that Massachusetts should lead 
 all other States of our glorious confederacy. But. sir, as you 
 read to-night, one by one, the names of my own fellow-citizens, 
 most of them personal friends, and as their names increased in 
 number till they outnumbered all from other parts of the Com¬ 
 monwealth, I must own that the pride of a Boston boy rose 
 
106 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 within me, and I felt glad that the skillful mechanics and accom¬ 
 plished artisans who had achieved such triumphs were of this, 
 your city, and that I, too, was a Bostonian. 
 
 It is with unfeioned pleasure that I recognize among the 
 Boston recipients of these honors so many of my old associates 
 and personal friends. On the left I behold the well-earned 
 decoration of the Legion of Honor, deservedly won and worn by 
 one of these. On the right I see it again — no new decoration 
 for him — on another. These two individuals have benefitted 
 the world as much as any two of our citizens have ever done. 
 The one has brought the most agreeable of the arts of peace to a 
 degree almost approaching perfection; while the other has 
 alleviated above all other men the physical sufferings of poor 
 human nature — music to charm, anaesthesia to soothe. 
 
 Monuments to music have been raised here ; I need not tell 
 you that a memorial of the great discovery that I have just 
 alluded to, is about to grace one of our public squares. I need 
 but add, that wherever our citizens may go, the world over, they 
 will hear the names of Chickering and Jackson spoken of with 
 delight and respect, and placed together, as among the great 
 benefactors of the civilized world. 
 
 Mr. Commissioner, — As I did not mean in rising to attempt 
 a speech, for I have come here entirely unprepared and unquali¬ 
 fied to entertain an audience like this, who have already listened 
 to such eloquent words as have been uttered by your distin¬ 
 guished and accomplished speakers, I will, with your permission 
 resume my seat, and be, what I intended on this occasion, a 
 listener and witness of the remaining portion of the exercises. 
 
 At the close of his Honor’s speech the band played 
 Yankee Doodle, with variations for the cornet hy Mr. 
 Arbuckle, in such a manner as to excite immense 
 applause and an encore. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 107 
 
 Mr. Usher then presented Dr. Jackson, who spoke as 
 follows: — 
 
 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen : ^— I have only a resolu¬ 
 tion to offer; but before offering it, I would express my great 
 gratification at the success of this exhibition, and my thanks to 
 the gentleman from France, who represents that country, and 
 who has shown us that we have sympathising 'friends on the 
 other side of the water. The resolution which I now propose is 
 one to bring France to our country. We have been to France, and 
 now we propose to bring France to us. In eight years, ladies 
 and gentlemen, from the fourth of July next, the Unites Stales 
 will celebrate its one hundredth birthday. On that occasion 1 
 propose that we shall have a grand international exhibition, and 
 that we shall then show by exhibiting the products of American 
 industry, the real strength of this country. [Applause.] Abroad 
 far away, it is difficult for our citizens to do themselves j ustice. 
 Many ingenious inventors are unable to carry the products of 
 their skill to a foreign country for exhibition. Unfortunately 
 our Congress made no provision for the transpoitation of United 
 States works of art and ingenuity which would have otherwise 
 been sent, and it was not until the very last hour that these 
 gentlemen hurried forward a few things which they could get 
 ready for the exhibition. The resolution which I propose is 
 this : — 
 
 Whereas, The one hundredth birthday of the United States 
 being near at hand, we deem it desirable to commemorate the 
 event by some grand display, commensurate with the rapid 
 growth and power and improvement of this nation in arts, 
 science, agriculture, manufactures, and commerce; therefore. 
 Resolved, That measures be taken at this time to memorialize 
 the Congress of the United States, praying that honorable body 
 to consider the propriety of inviting all nations to join with us in 
 
108 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 a grand international exposition of industrial arts, to be held at 
 Washington, commencing on the fourth of July, 1876, and 
 continuing during that, our jubilee year. 
 
 I would ask you, Mr. Chairman, to take the sense of the 
 assemblage upon this resolution. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Pilatte, after a tribute toSweet Home” 
 by the most' industrious artists of the occasion in the 
 balcony, rose and desired as a European to second the 
 resolution with all his heart. 
 
 The Chairman asked who could object if France and 
 America were willing, and put +he question, the audi¬ 
 ence raising their hands in an affirmative vote, without 
 dissent. 
 
 The services If the occasion were then closed in a 
 brief speech by the Chairman, thanking each and all of 
 those in attendance for the interest which they had 
 manifested, and returning special thanks, both in behalf 
 of those contributors who were present to receive their 
 diplcmas, and also in behalf of the ladies who had so 
 well appreciated the tone of the occasion, to the band 
 who added the enlivening touches, and found their notes 
 unprotested, though often due. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 103^ 
 
 CATALOGUE OF AWARDS. 
 
 In addition to the preceding pages relating to Massa¬ 
 chusetts contributors to the Par's Exposition, the follow¬ 
 ing list of awards, with a brief account of exhibitors 
 from other States, may be appropriately i troduced. 
 
 Cross of Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. 
 McCormick, C. H., Chicago, Ill, 
 
 Wood, Walter A., Hoosick Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Howe, Elias, Jr., New York. 
 
 New Order of Recompenses, 
 
 For persons, establishments, or localities, which, hy organizations 
 or special institutions, have developed harmony among co-oper¬ 
 ators, and produced, in an eminent degree, the material, moral, 
 and intellectual well-being of the workmen. 
 
 Agricultural Society of Vineland, New Jersey ; an Honorable 
 Mention, unaccompanied by a medal. 
 
110 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 Fine Arts. 
 
 Church, F. E., New York city; the artists’ medal, with 500 
 francs in gold. Landscape* paintings in oil. 
 
 Grand Prizes. 
 
 Field, Cyrus W., an Anglo-American Transatlantic Telegraph 
 Company ; transatlantic cable. 
 
 United States Sanitary Commission; ambulances, materials, 
 instruments, etc., for the relief of the wounded, used in the late 
 war. See, also, Honorable Mention. 
 
 Hughes, -, New York; printing telegraph. 
 
 McCormick, C. H., Chicago, Illinois ; reaping machines. To 
 this grand prize, gained in the field-trials of agricultural ma¬ 
 chines, was added, by the Emperor, the Cross of Chevalier of 
 the Legion of Honor. 
 
 Gold Medal, with Work of Art. 
 
 Wood, Walter A., Hoosick Falls, New York; mowing 
 machines. To this prize, gained in the field-trials of agricultural 
 machines, was added, by the Emperor, the Cross of Chevalier of 
 the Legion of Honor. 
 
 Gold Medals. 
 
 Corliss Steam Engine Company, Providence, Rhode Island; 
 the Corliss engine. 
 
 Fire-Arm Manufacturing Industry of the United States; 
 fire-arms. 
 
 Grant Locomotive Works, Patterson, New Jersey ; locomotive 
 and tender. 
 
 Howe, Elias, Jr., “ promoter of the sewing machine.” To this 
 gold medal was added, by the Emperor, the Cross of Chevalier 
 of the Legion of Honor. 
 
 McCormick, C. H., Chicago, Illinois; reaping and mowing 
 machines. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Meyer, Victor, Parish of Concordia, Louisiana; short staple 
 cotton. 
 
 Rodgers, C. B. & Co., Norwich, Connecticut; wood-working 
 machines. 
 
 Sellers, William, & Co., Philadelphia; machine tools. 
 
 Steinway & Son, New York city ; pianos. 
 
 Trager, L., Blackhawk Point, Louisiana ; short staple cotton. 
 
 Walbridge, Wells D., New York city; gold and silver ores 
 from Idaho. 
 
 Welch, Patrick, New York city ; type-dressing machine. 
 
 Wheeler & Wilson, New York city; sewing and button-hole 
 machines. 
 
 White, S. S., Philadelphia; artificial teeth and dentists* instru¬ 
 ments and furniture. 
 
 Wood, Walter A., Hoosick Falls, New York, reaping and 
 mowing machines. 
 
 Silver Medals. 
 
 Alabama, State of; short staple cotton. See Honorable 
 Mention. 
 
 American Button-Hole Company, Philadelphia; sewing and 
 button-hole machines. 
 
 Barnes, Surgeon General J. K., United States Army, 
 Washington ; surgical instruments, hospital apparatus, etc. 
 
 Bement & Dougherty, Philadelphia ; machine tools. 
 
 Bergner, Theodore, Philadelphia ; co-operator — engineer of 
 Messrs. Sellers & Co. 
 
 Bidwell, J. C., Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; Comstock’s rotary 
 spader. 
 
 Blake, William P., San Francisco, California; California 
 minerals. 
 
 Browne, J. R., & Sharpe, Providence, Rhode Island; screw¬ 
 cutting and milling machines. 
 
112 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 Burt, E. C-, New York city; machine sewed boots and shoes. 
 
 California, State of; cereals. 
 
 Cape, Culver & Co., New York city ; hams. 
 
 Chapin & Wells, Chicago, Illinois; model of a swing bridge. 
 
 Chicago Board of Public Works, Chicago, Illinois ; design of 
 the lake tunnel. 
 
 Clark Thread Company, Newark, New Jersey; cotton yarns. 
 
 Collins & Co., New York city; steel ploughs. 
 
 Cool, Ferguson & Co., Glen’s Falls, New York; barrel 
 machines. 
 
 Colt’s Patent Fire-Arms Manufacturing Company, Hartford, 
 Connecticut; fire-arms. 
 
 Culbertson, Blair & Co., Chicago, Illinois; salted meats. 
 
 Daboll, C. L., New London, Connecticut; fog-signal. 
 
 D’Aligny, H. F. Q., co-operator in the organization of the 
 United States section. 
 
 Darling, Browne & Sharpe, Bangor, Maine; steel measures. 
 
 Delpit, A. & Co., New Orleans, Louisiana; snuff. 
 
 Dixon, J., & Co., Jersey City, New Jersey; plumbago 
 crucibles. 
 
 Dufiield, Charles, Chicago, Illinois; hams. 
 
 Fairbanks, E. & T., & Co., St. Johnsbury, Vermont; scales. 
 
 Florence Sewing Machine Company, New York city; sewing 
 machines. 
 
 Fournier, S., New Orleans, Louisiana; electric clocks. 
 
 Glen Cove Starch Manufacturing Company, New York city; 
 “ maizena ” and starch. 
 
 Gotthiel, Edward, New Orleans, Louisiana, co-operator, 
 services rendered to agriculture in Louisiana. 
 
 Gregg, Isaac, Philadelphia ; brick-making machine. 
 
 Gunther, C. G., & Son, New York city; furs. 
 
 Howe Machine Company, New York city ; sewing machines. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 113 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad Company, Chicago, Illinois ; agri¬ 
 cultural products. 
 
 Illinois, State of; collection of minerals. 
 
 Illinois, State of; farmer’s house. 
 
 Illinois, State of; school-house. 
 
 Lamb, J. W., Rochester, New York; knitting machine. 
 
 Lawrence, E., Louisiana ; sugars. 
 
 Nevada, State of; silver and copper ores. 
 
 New York Mills, New York ; muslins. 
 
 Opper, Morris, New York ; loom for corsets. 
 
 Park Brothers & Co., Pittsburg, Pennsylvania ; cast steel and 
 edge tools. 
 
 Pease, F. S., Buffalo, New York; petroleum oils. See, also, 
 Honorable Mention. 
 
 Perry, J. G., Kingston, Rhode Island; mowing machine 
 This prize was gained in the field-trials of agricultural machines. 
 
 Pigne, J. B., San Francisco, California; minerals. 
 
 Providence Tool Company, Providence, Rhode Island; Pea¬ 
 body’s patent fire-arms. 
 
 Remington, E., & Son, Ilion, New York ; fire-arms. 
 
 Rutherford, L. M., New Yoik city; astronomical photographs. 
 
 Schultz & Warker, New York city ; mineral water apparatus. 
 
 Schuttler, Peter, Chicago, Illinois ; wagon. 
 
 Tieman, G., Philadelphia ; surgical instruments. 
 
 Tolies, R. F., Canastota, New York; microscopes. 
 
 United States Government; specimens of frame houses for 
 settlers. 
 
 Wales^ William, Fort Lee, New Jersey ; optical instruments. 
 
 Wardwell, G. I., New York city ; stone-quarrying machine. 
 
 Weed Sewing Machine Company, New York city; sewing 
 machines. 
 
 Windsor Manufacturing Company, Windsor, Vermont; Ball’s 
 patent fire-arms. 
 
114 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 Wood Brothers, New York city; phaeton. 
 
 Bronze Medals. 
 
 Abbey, C., & Sons, Philadelphia; dentists’ gold foil. 
 
 American Lead Pencil Company, New York city; lead 
 pencils. 
 
 Appleton, D., & Co., New York city; books. 
 
 Baltimore and Cuba Smelting and Mining Company, Balti¬ 
 more, Maryland; copper. 
 
 Barlow, Milton, Lexington, Kentucky; planetarium. 
 
 Bartram & Fan ton Manufacturing Company, Danbury, 
 Connecticut; sewing and button-hole machines. 
 
 Beer, Sigismund, New York city; stereoscopic views. 
 
 Belmont Oil Company, Philadelphia ; oils. 
 
 Brown & Level, New York city; disengaging tackle for boats. 
 
 Carpenter, W. S., New York city; collection of corn. 
 
 Carroll, J. W., Lynchburg, Virginia; smoking tobacco. 
 
 Cummings, W., & Son, Jersey City, New Jersey ; model of 
 a hospital car. 
 
 Day, A. G., Seymour, Connecticut; indelible pencils and lead 
 pencils in India-rubber cases. See, also. Honorable Mention. 
 
 Deere & Co., Moline, Illino’s ; steel ploughs. 
 
 Degener & Weiler, New York city; printing presses. 
 
 Department of Agriculture, Washington ; collection of cereals. 
 
 Diss Debar, J. H., Commissioner of West Virginia, Parkers¬ 
 burg, West Virginia; petroleum oils. 
 
 Douglass Manufacturing Company, New York city; edge 
 tools. 
 
 Douglass, W. & B., Middletown, Connecticut; pumps. 
 
 Fairbanks, E. & T., & Co., St. Johnsbury, Vermont; railroad 
 scale. 
 
 Fairchild, L. W., New York city; gold pens and cases. 
 
 Germiinder, George, New York city; stringed instruments. 
 
PAEIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 115 
 
 Goddard, C. L., New York city; mestizo burring picker. 
 Goodenough Horseshoe Company, New York city; horseshoes. 
 See, also, Honorable Mention. 
 
 Goodell, D. H., Antrim, New Hampshire; apple parer. 
 Gregg, Isaac, Philadelphia; model of a brick machine. 
 
 Haupt, Herman, Philadelphia; tunneling machine. 
 
 Herring, Farral & Sherman, New York city; fire and 
 burglar proof safes. 
 
 Hoglin & Gafflin, Dayton, Ohio; tobacco-cutting machine. 
 Hotchkiss, H. G., Lyon, New York ; oils of peppermint, &c. 
 Hotchkiss, L. B., Phelps, New York; oils of peppermint, &c. 
 House, Henry A., New York city; co-operator in the estab¬ 
 lishment of Wheeler & Wilson. 
 
 House, James A., New York city; co-operator establishment 
 of Wheeler & Wilson. 
 
 Howe, A. B., New York city; sewing machines. 
 
 Howe Scale Company, Brandon, Vermont; scales. 
 
 Hudson, E. D., New York city; artificial limbs. 
 
 Humphres, J. C., parish of Bapides, Louisiana; short staple 
 cotton. 
 
 Illinois, State of; cereals and flours. 
 
 Jessup & Moore, Philadelphia; papers. 
 
 Johnson, A. J., New York city ; Johnson’s Family Atlas. 
 Johnson, B., Louisiana ; sugars. 
 
 Johnson & Lund, Philadelphia ; artificial teeth. 
 
 Justice, P. S., Philadelphia ; power hammer. 
 
 Kansas, State of; collection of cereals. 
 
 Lilienthal, C. H., New York city; snuflf and tobacco. 
 Lilienthal, Ch., New Orleans, Louisiana; photographic views. 
 Louisiana, State of; portable cottage. 
 
 Lyon, J. B. & Co., Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; pressed glass¬ 
 ware. 
 
116 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 Mission Woolen Mills, San Francisco, California; woolen 
 fabrics. 
 
 Moody, S. N., New Orleans, Louisiana; shirts. 
 
 Morris, Tasker & Co., Philadelphia; wringing machine. 
 Mumford, Foster & Co., Detroit, Michigan; boot-trees, lasts, 
 etc. 
 
 Murphy’s, W. F., Sons, Philadelphia; blank books. 
 
 Ohio, State of; collection of cereals. 
 
 Olmstead, L. H., Stamford, Connecticut; friction clutch 
 pulley. See, also. Honorable Mention. 
 
 Pennsylvania, State of; anthracite coal. 
 
 Perry, J. G., Kingston, Rhode Island ; mowing machine. 
 Pickering & Davis, New York city, engine governors. 
 
 Randall, S. H., New York city; mica. 
 
 Reidel, G. A., Philadelphia ; automatic boiler feeder. 
 Richards, Richard, Racine, Wisconsin; wool. 
 
 Roots, J. B., New York city; steam engine. 
 
 Roots, P. H. & F. M., Connersville, Indiana; rotary blower. 
 Sachse, F., & Sons, Philadelphia; shirts. 
 
 Sarrazin, J. R., New Orleans, Louisiana; tobacco. 
 
 Schedler, Joseph, Hudson City, New Jersey; terrestrial 
 globes. 
 
 Schreiber, Louis, New York city ; brass instruments. 
 
 Secombe Manufacturing Company, New York city ; ribbon 
 hand stamps. 
 
 Shaw, C. A., Biddeford, Maine ; knitting machine. 
 
 Smith, McPherson & Donald, New York city; ales and 
 porter. 
 
 Squire, J. J., New London, Connecticut; preserved fruits and 
 vegetables. 
 
 Stursberg, H., New York city; beaver cloths. 
 
 Sweet. J. E., Syracuse, New York; composing machine. 
 Tamboury, A., parish of St. James, Louisiana; tobacco. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 117 
 
 Tiffany & Co., New York city; silverware. 
 
 Townsend, W. H., New York city; oil-cloths. 
 
 Van Deusen, J. B., New York city; model of the yacht 
 Fleetwing. 
 
 Warner, G. F., & Co., New Haven, Connecticut; malleable 
 iron castings. 
 
 Watkins, C. E., San Francisco, California; photographs — 
 landscapes. 
 
 Williams, T. C., & Co., Danville, Virginia; chewing and 
 smoking tobaccos. 
 
 Wisconsin State Agricultural Society; agricultural products. 
 
 Wisconsin, State of; collection of minerals. 
 
 Wisconsin, State of; collection of cereals and flours. 
 
 Wright, R. & G. A., Philadelphia; perfumery. 
 
 Honorable Mentions. 
 
 Alabama, State of; short staple cotton. 
 
 Allen, J., & Son, New York city; artificial teeth. 
 
 American Wine Company, St. Louis, Missouri; sparkling 
 wines. 
 
 Andrews, W. D., & Brother, New York city; oscillating 
 steam engine. 
 
 Avery, D. D„ Petite Anse, Louisiana ; rock salt. 
 
 Baker, G. R., St. Louis, Missouri; dough-kneading machine. 
 
 Bates, R., Philadelphia ; instruments to cure stammering. 
 
 Bell Factory, Huntsville, Alabama; cotton fabrics. 
 
 Buena Vista Vinicultural Society, San Francisco, California ; 
 sparkling Sonoma wine. 
 
 Borden, Gail, New York city; extract of beef. 
 
 Bottler, Charles, Cincinnati, Ohio; sparkling Catawba wine. 
 
 Broughton & Moore, New York city; oilers, cocks, etc. 
 
 Bourgeois, E., New Orleans, Louisiana ; tobacco. 
 
118 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 Brandon Kaolin and Paint Company, Brandon, Vermont; 
 specimens of paints. 
 
 Clark Steam and Fire Regulator Company, New York city 
 steam and fire regulator. 
 
 Cohn, M., New York city; crinoline. 
 
 Cozzens, F. S., New York city ; cigars. 
 
 Dart, H, C., & Co., New York city; rotary steam engine. 
 Davidson, G., Washington ; sextant. 
 
 Davidson, J., St. Bernard parish, Louisiana; sugars. 
 
 Day, A. G., Seymour, Connecticut; artificial India rubber. 
 DutFy, I., Patterson, New Jersey; designs for improvements 
 in iron-clad vessels. 
 
 Elsberg, Dr. Louis, New York city; specimens of peat fuel. 
 Empire Sewing Machine Company, New York city; sewing 
 machines. 
 
 Fries, Alexander, Cincinnati, Ohio; flavoring extracts. 
 
 Glass, Peter Barton, Wisconsin; mosaic tables. 
 
 Goodenough Horseshoe Company, New York city; horse¬ 
 shoes. 
 
 Herring, S. C., New York city; Bullard’s hay tedder. 
 
 Hicks Engine Company, New York city; steam engine. 
 Hirsch, J., Chicago, Illinois; albumen, glycerine, &c. 
 Holliday, T. & C., New York city; aniline colors. 
 
 Howard, D. B., New Yoik city ; ambulance, &c. 
 
 Howell & Brother, Philadelphia; wall papers. 
 
 Iowa, State of; collection of cereals. 
 
 Jackson, J. H., New York city; minerals and fossils. 
 Kaldenburg & Son, New York city ; meerschaum pipes. 
 
 Korn, C., New York city ; calf skin leather. 
 
 Balance & Grosjean, New York city; house-furnishing hard¬ 
 ware. 
 
 Linthicum, W. O., New York city ; cloth clothing. 
 Longworth, Cincinnati, Ohio ; sparkling wines. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 119 
 
 McCormick, J. J., Meriden, Connecticut; skates. 
 
 Marietta and Gale’s Fork Petroleum Company, Marietta, 
 Ohio; petroleum oil. 
 
 Metropolitan Washing Machine Company, New York city ; 
 clothes wringers. 
 
 Metropolitan Washing Machine Company, New York city ; 
 washing machines. 
 
 Minnesota, State of; collection of cereals. 
 
 Moehring, H. G., agent of the Volcanic Oil Company of West 
 Virginia, Philadelphia ; volcanic lubricating oil. 
 
 Montague & Carlos, New Orleans, Louisiana; black moss for 
 upholsterers. 
 
 Tasker & Co., Philadelphia ; pipe-cutting machine. 
 
 New Haven Clock Company, New Haven, Connecticut; 
 clocks. 
 
 Olmstead, L. H., Stamford, Connecticut; machine tools. 
 
 Oneida Community, Oneida, New York ; preserved fruits. 
 
 Page, E. W., New York city; oars. 
 
 Pease, F. S., Buffalo, New York; pneumatic pump. 
 
 Perrot, T. Morris, Philadelphia; medicine wagon. 
 
 Pleasant Valley Wine Company, Hammondsport, New York; 
 wines and brandy. 
 
 Portland Packing Company, Portland, Maine; preserved 
 lobster and vegetables. 
 
 Prentice, J., New York city; cigar machine. 
 
 Purrington, G., Jr., New York city; carpet sweeper. 
 
 Robinson, J. A., New York city; Ericsson hot-air engine. 
 
 Sabatier, G , Plaquemines parish, Louisiana; sugars. 
 
 Selpho, W., & Son, New York city ; artificial limbs. 
 
 Shelden, Joseph, New Haven, Connecticut; water-pressure 
 regulator. 
 
 Smith, R. M., Baltimore, Maryland; petroleum oils. 
 
 Steam Siphon Company, New York city; steam siphon pump. 
 
120 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 Stephenson, J. New York city; street ; railway carriage. 
 Stockton, Samuel, Philadelphia ; artificial teeth. 
 
 Tallman & Collins, Janesville, Wisconsin ; perfumery. 
 
 Taylor, C. F., New York city ; therapeutic apparatus. 
 Townsend Brothers, New York city; preserved fruits and 
 oysters. 
 
 United Statas Sanitary Commission ; camp material. 
 Waltemeyer, Jacob, Baltimore, Maryland ; preserved fruits. 
 Ward, J., & Co., New York city; clothes wringers. 
 
 Ward, J., & Co., New York city; washing machines. 
 Wellman, C., New York city; saddles. 
 
 Werk, M., & Son, Cincinnati, Ohio; sparkling wines. 
 Wharton, Joseph, Philadelphia; nickel, cobalt, and zinc. 
 Willard & Co., New York city; photographic camera tubes 
 and lenses. 
 
 Williams, C. C., New York city; fruits preserved in syrup. 
 Williams Silk Manufacturing Company, New York city ; silk 
 twist for sewing machines. 
 
 Winslow, J. B., New York city ; wood-moulding machines. 
 Young, Isaac, Commissioner for Kansas, Leavenworth, 
 Kansas; specimens of wood. 
 
 Zailee, J. C., St. Louis, Missouri; clothing. 
 
Several of the above-named contributions deserve 
 especial notice. Herring, Farrel, & Sherman’s fire and 
 burglar proof safes received high commendation from 
 visitors. The attention bestowed upon them excited the 
 jealousy, if not the envy, of the. contributors of safes 
 from other countries, and particularly of English manu¬ 
 facturers, .which resulted in a challenge from Messrs. 
 Herring, Farrel, & Sherman to any and all other safe 
 manufacturers to a trial of their respective safes. The 
 challenge was accepted by Samuel Chatwood, of Bol¬ 
 ton, Lancashire, England. 
 
 For some reason Herring’s first-class safe, forwarded 
 for exhibition, still remained at Havre, and did not reach 
 Paris in season to be put to trial; and the Ameri¬ 
 can firm was therefore compelled to take one of its 
 
122 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 ordinary safes and put it to the test against the best 
 safe of the only manufacturer who accepted the chal¬ 
 lenge, viz. : undoubtedly the best safe manufacturer in 
 the old country. Notwithstanding this unfavorable cir- 
 cnmtance, the Herring safe achieved the victory. 
 
 The subject created much interest at the time, and 
 was freely talked over in social and business circles, each 
 party having strong friends, tvho enlarged upon the 
 qualities of resistance combined in each safe. As safes 
 are of so great value to the commercial security of the 
 world, this interest was perfectly natural, and when it was 
 announced that tlie Herring safe was victorious, every 
 American felt a degree of just pride, that in one more 
 department the United States was first on the list, and 
 that the Herring Champion Safe had beaten all compet¬ 
 itors, and had fairly earned its name,— Champion Safe. 
 
 Believing that the American people will take pleasure 
 in fully understanding the facts in this case, I subjoin 
 the report of the committee. 
 
 THE INTERNATIONAL SAFE COMPETITION. 
 
 At last this great contest has reached a termination by 
 the decision of the jury, which we now produce. This 
 jury, as is well known, is composed of Messrs. Robert 
 Mallett and Robert F. Fairlie, chosen by Mr. Chatwood, 
 and Messrs. Joseph E. Holmes and Thomas R. Pickering, 
 selected by Mr. Herring. These gentlemen elected a 
 
PAllIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 123 
 
 fifth member as president, M. P. Donliot, a well-known 
 French engineer, and as secretary, Mr. W. J. Hoyle. 
 
 Official Report of the committees appointed to conduct 
 
 the competitive trial of the two safes constructed by 
 
 Mr. Samuel Ohatwood, of Bolton, Lancashire, Eng¬ 
 land, and Mr. Silas C. Herring, of New York, United 
 
 States of America, respectively.- 
 
 This committee was appointed in virtue of an agree¬ 
 ment made and executed at Paris on the 9th day of 
 July, 1867, between Mr. Samuel Ohatwood, of Bolton, 
 Lancashire, and Mr. Silas C. Herring, of New York, 
 
 U. S. 
 
 The duties of the committee were clearly determined 
 in the following articles of the agreement: — 
 
 1. That the four members named by the two parties 
 to the agreement, should elect a fifth member of the 
 committee who should be a French engineer. 
 
 2. That they should be at liberty to employ such 
 means as they may think best to enable them to form a 
 correct judgment. 
 
 8. That the decision of the committee shall state 
 which of the two safes is in their opinion the best, in the 
 following particulars, viz : 
 
 In the quality of the material used, in the capability 
 of resisting drilling instruments, gunpowder, steel 
 wedges, crowbars, steel screws, or any other kind of 
 burglars’ appliances. 
 
 The committee elected M. P. Donliot, civil engineer 
 of Paris, as fifth member and president of the committee. 
 
 In Order to secure equal zeal, good faith and skill in 
 the conduct of the experiments wihch were to be made 
 
124 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 simultaneously upon the two safes, it was decided that 
 to each of the competitors should be allotted the task of 
 opening his adversary’s safe; that he should be allowed 
 to inspect the drawings of the safes, which had been fur¬ 
 nished, and accepted as sufficiently correct by the com¬ 
 mittee ; that he should choose his workmen and supply 
 them with the necessary tools. 
 
 Ry careful study of all the facts which became evident 
 during the trials, the committee are enabled to arrive at 
 a decided opinion on the points subjected to their 
 decision by the agreement. 
 
 Taking first the Chatwood’s safe, the mode of attack 
 and the facts developed were as follows: Herring’s 
 experiments commenced by attempting to drill through 
 the door of the safe, but without attaining any other 
 result than to convince the committee that the safe was 
 invulnerable to this mode of attack ; although no attempt 
 by drilling was tried upon the Herring’s safe, a subse¬ 
 quent examination convinced the entire committee that 
 his safe possessed this quality in an equal degree. 
 Although thirty-seven minutes were spent in the fruit¬ 
 less attempts to drill Chatwood’s safe, not more than 
 seventeen minutes of this should be deducted from the 
 total time occupied in opening the safe, as prior to the 
 abandonment of the drilling, at least twenty minutes had 
 been spent by one of the experts in chiselling a small 
 groove along the whole depth of the edge of the upper 
 side of tlie safe ; this groove displayed the position of the 
 joints, and the plan of attack with wedges was com¬ 
 menced which ended in the opening of the safe. It was 
 now evident that the plan adopted by Mr. Ohatwood for 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 125 
 
 joining the plates forming the sides of his safe, though 
 offering great facilities for accurate fitting and conceal¬ 
 ment of the mode of construction, had the grave incon¬ 
 venience of being open to a simple and straightforward, 
 though laborious, mode of attack. As soon as the first 
 wedge was driven in, each joint and-each dovetail became 
 accessible in its turn, and in the same manner, and 
 although the labor required was severe, the time required 
 might be calculated approximately; after considerable 
 labor the steel plate forming the exterior of the attacked 
 side of the safe was torn off, and exposed to view a plate 
 of hard cast iron, already broken, and which, from its 
 brittle nature, yielded readily to the blows of the 
 hammer; under this plate was a second one secured in 
 the same manner as the outer one, to the inner set of 
 plates, and further supported by being bolted to the 
 door frame. 
 
 The experts now tried to force the bolts of the door, 
 but the admirable arrangements of this part of the safe 
 resisted all their efforts, and much time was lost in the 
 fruitless attempt; by this time, however, the fireproof 
 material had become loosened and a great deal of it had 
 fallen out, and the experts were enabled to see that 
 beyond the plate with which they were battling there 
 was only a sheet of thin iron to oppose their entrance 
 into the safe ; encouraged by this discovery, they re¬ 
 turned to the plan by which they had taken off the 
 outer steel plate, and succeeded in removing the second 
 one in the same manner;* a few blows from the crowbar 
 sufficed to drive in the sheet iron. The block was now 
 
126 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 taken out, and the safe declared opened according to the 
 resolutions of the committee. 
 
 The whole time occupied in these operations was 235 
 minutes, or deducting thirty-seven minutes, the time 
 spent in the drilling operations, which in no way affected 
 the resisting powers of the safe, we have 198 minutes as 
 the time occupied in the opening. Subsequently the 
 two slight drawers at the bottom of Chatwood’s safe 
 were laid completely open in one minute. This was 
 done to ascertain whether any gain in time would have 
 accrued to Mr. Chatwood if the sealed block had been 
 placed in either of the drawers. 
 
 The resisting powers of the Chatwood safe are greatest 
 at its exterior surface, but they diminish considerably as 
 the interior is approached, and are also rendered some¬ 
 what less efficacious by being spread over too large an 
 extent. The door, it is true, possesses an excess of 
 strength over the sides, but to say that if the safe were 
 built into a wall it would be perfectly unassailable, is to 
 admit that it is not so of itself, and as this mode of fix¬ 
 ing is by no means general, and has some grave disad¬ 
 vantages, it cannot be appealed to. 
 
 Mr. Herring’s safe is constructed on an entirely differ¬ 
 ent principle ; its exterior walls are meant to protect the 
 contents of the safe from fire only. Before the outer 
 doors can be opened, their bands and fastenings must be 
 removed; this Mr. Chatwood’s men proceeded to do at 
 once by the use of wedges, and by the same means they 
 forced open the two wings of the outer door in a com¬ 
 paratively short space of time. The interior was then 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 127 
 
 seen to be divided into two distinct parts; the upper 
 one, the larger in its capacity, was filled with shelving 
 and drawers, for books and papers of value only to their 
 owner. 
 
 The lower division was a coffer designed for the safe 
 keeping of valuables, and containing the sealed block of 
 wood. On this coffer the maker had concentrated all 
 his skill and the resisting power of his materials. Only 
 two of its faces were accessible, the door and upper side ; 
 the latter was first attacked, but this plan was soon 
 abandoned, and the workmen directed all their energies 
 to the breaking open of the door. 
 
 The position limited the space from which it could be 
 attacked, and to some extent circumscribed the effect of 
 the levers and hammers employed against it, showing 
 how well its situation had been chosen so as to add to 
 its defence. 
 
 The direct introduction of wedges was prevented by a 
 strong iron frame which protected the joint of the door, 
 and which had to be cut bodily away ; and when after a 
 considerable time this was effected, the door itself was 
 attacked. 
 
 It was formed of a network of steel bars riveted 
 together, and covered with a wrought iron plate which 
 concealed its structure. The numerous and solid attach¬ 
 ments of the door would have rendered its removal 
 piecemeal an interminable operation, so the experts 
 endeavored to remove it whole ; but its extreme tenac¬ 
 ity, which it owed to its mode of construction, and the 
 strength of the steel rivets by which it was secured to 
 he inner plate and the bolts, prevented its removal until 
 
128 
 
 PAllIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 within ten minutes of the time when Chatwood’s safe 
 was declared open. The coffer still remained entirely 
 closed by a plate of hard cast iron, similar to that em¬ 
 ployed by Mr. Ohatwood in the construction of his safe; 
 but' by an ingenious contrivance the tenacity naturally 
 deficient in the material was supplied by the use of a 
 close web of iron rods which covered each face of the 
 plate, and was intimately connected and even soldered 
 into the plate itself by the mode in which they were cast 
 together ; the success of this mode of construction was 
 completely demonstrated by experience. 
 
 In order literally to bend over the plate, all the 
 wedges and tools which the workmen possessed were 
 made use of, and the necessity for a larger wedge, simi¬ 
 lar to those which the committee had refused to allow to 
 Mr. Herring’s men, was so evident that Mr. Ohatwood’s 
 experts made use of a hammer head from which the 
 handle had been taken for the same purpose. 
 
 After half an hour’s labor, when the gap along the top 
 of the door was completely blocked up with wedges and 
 tools of all sorts, the close of day put a stop to the pro¬ 
 ceedings, while it was yet uncertain how long the bolts 
 attached to the plate could continue to resist the strain 
 brought to bear against them. The trial wa5 resumed 
 by the experts the next morning, who coming fresh to 
 their work opened the door in four minutes ; the open¬ 
 ing into the coffer being then completely clear, they were 
 enabled to withdraw the block. The total time occupied 
 in all these operations was 254 minutes. The Herring 
 safe is thus distinguished by an ingenious complication 
 of its means of defence, all concentrated at the precise 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 129 
 
 point which it designed to protect, and indicates on the 
 part of its maker an intimate knowledge of the require¬ 
 ments of a good safe. Admitting the excellence of both 
 the safes submitted to trial, and also admitting the force 
 brought to bear upon them was far superior to any ever 
 likely to be employed by burglars, a careful considera¬ 
 tion of the facts compels us to the 'following conclusions: 
 
 Firstly. That, considering the intrinsic quality of the 
 different materials employed as being equal in the two 
 safes, Mr. Herring has, by his happy combination, ren¬ 
 dered the material more efficacious, and indeed given to 
 the hard cast iron the tenacity which it lacks by nature; 
 and we are therefore of opinion from this point of view,— 
 
 1. That Mr. Herring’s safe is the better in the quality 
 of the materials employed. 
 
 2. That the exterior aspect of the Chatwood safe, 
 from the closeness of its joints and simplicity of its form, 
 would disincline burglars to attack it; but if they should 
 have the security necessary to make the attempt, its too 
 great uniformity of constructive detail would give them 
 great hope of success, their difficulties would consider¬ 
 ably diminish as they proceeded, and this would act as 
 a moral stimulant to their physical force until they 
 attained the prize they coveted. 
 
 The Herring safe, which appears at first more easy of 
 attack, presents to tlie end difficulties always great and 
 always varied, and never shows signs of an approaching 
 success ; it therefore tends to exhaust both the physical 
 and moral energy, and to this extent offers a superior 
 guarantee against the successful attack of burglars. 
 
 • We are therefore of the opinion that the Herring 
 
130 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 Safe is the best in its capability of resisting Drilling 
 Instruments, Gunpowder, Steel Wedges, Crowbars, Steel 
 Screws, or any other kind of burglars’ appliances. 
 
 We therefore, in accordance with the foregoing 
 decision, direct that the fifteen thousand francs depos¬ 
 ited by Mr. Herring be returned to him, and that the 
 fifteen thousand francs deposited by Mr. Chatwood be • 
 applied, first, to the necessary expenses of the trial; and 
 that the balance, divided into three equal portions, be 
 given to the charities of London, Paris, and Washington, 
 as directed by Mr. Herring. 
 
 In consequence of the course taken by the English 
 members of the committee, and in order to place our¬ 
 selves and our decision beyond all suspicion or question, 
 we hereby request M. Tagnard to be good enough to 
 charge himself with the naming of the amount to be 
 paid to the different members of the committee for their 
 professional services. 
 
 Accordingly we have signed the present document 
 this 5th day of October, 1867, in the presence of Mr. 
 Beckwith, United States Commissioner-General of the 
 Universal Exhibition, and Mr. Cheysson, Chief of the 
 Delegated Service. 
 
 President of the Committee. 
 
 (Signed) P. DOULIOT. 
 
 Members of the Committee. 
 
 (Signed) JOSEPH E. HOLMES. 
 
 (Signed) THOS. R. PICKERING. 
 
 Chief of the Delesfated Service. 
 
 (Signed) S.' CHEYSSON. 
 
 U. S. Commissioner-General. 
 
 (Signed) N. M. BECKWITH. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 131 
 
 To John G. Perry, of Kingston, R. L, for the Perry Mower,— 
 
 a Silver Medal. 
 
 This Mower is clearly an improvement over all com¬ 
 petitors. It is composed of a less number of pieces, and 
 moves with less noise, than any other machine we have 
 seen. It was very carefully examined by those inter¬ 
 ested in labor-saving machines, and excited unqualified 
 praise. This was its first appearance at a World’s Fair, 
 which is probably the reason a gold medal was not 
 awarded it, new things, in the old world, being less 
 likely than with us to secure their deserved recognition. 
 And we understand that a silver medal for an article on 
 its first exhibiton is tantamount to a gold medal on its 
 second. The Mower is manufactured by the Ames 
 Plough Company of Massachusetts. 
 
 A Paris journal thus speaks of it: — 
 
 “ The Perry Mower is comparatively a new machine, hut in 
 the short time it has been before the public it has proved its 
 worth and established its superiority. Mr. Perry evidently has 
 a clear, practical mind, mechanical genius, and executive force, to 
 produce so valuable a machine, and one that readily challenges 
 the judgment of the man of science and the practical farmer in 
 its favor. It is attracting great attention from visitors. Manu¬ 
 facturers of and dealers in mowing machines regard it with much 
 interest, and farmers pronounce it the best machine on exhibition. 
 We predict for the Perry Mower a successful future.” 
 
 To W. & B. Douglas, of Middletown, Conn., for Pumps and 
 
 Hydraulic Rams, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 These gentlemen displayed a very large and excellent 
 variety of pumps, &c., which elicited the highest, com- 
 
132 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 mendation. Their simplicity of construction and the 
 ease with which they were worked were noticeable 
 features. 
 
 It was a handsome and well-merited compliment to 
 the Messrs. Douglas to be the recipients of the highest 
 award for pumps in the Paris Exposition. Indeed, 
 their pumps were so far superior to all others in the 
 Exposition, that no hesitancy existed in making the 
 bestowment. 
 
 The ‘‘ Franco American,” a paper published in Paris 
 and London, said concerning them : — 
 
 “W. & B. Douglas, of Middletown, Connecticut, United States, 
 America, have on exhibition about forty pumps, of different sizes 
 and styles, adapted to houses, factories, and garden uses, worked 
 both by hand and mechanical power. 
 
 “This firm make much the best display of pumps in the Expo¬ 
 sition, as to number, variety, excellence of workmanship, and 
 perfection of design. 
 
 “ These pumps are placed in the annex of the American 
 department, and call forth much praise from visitors generally; 
 and pump-makers and dealers examine them with great care, and 
 speak of them in terms of high commendation. 
 
 “ This is the oldest house of its kind in America, having been 
 established in 1832.” 
 
 To C. L. Dab ALL, of New London, Conn., for the Patent Fog 
 
 Trumpet, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 This is a valuable invention, and it will be highly 
 appreciated by those who sail upon the sea. It is con¬ 
 clusive testimony in its favor, that several National Gov¬ 
 ernments have already approved and adopted it. 
 
 A London paper speaks as follows in relation to it: 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 133 
 
 “ The Daball Patent Rotary Fog Trumpet is the invention of 
 C. L. Daball, of New London, Connecticut, U. S. A., and rep¬ 
 resented here by Mr. S. T. Daball. We were present when this 
 trumpet was in operation, and confess we have been very much 
 pleased with it as a means for the transmission of sound. It can 
 be heard from ten to twenty miles, is easily worked, and for 
 marine purposes, to protect our seafaring people from harm, and 
 our merchaitts from the loss of their property, it is an invaluable 
 invention, and one that cannot fail to commend itself both to the 
 scientific and practical man. This trumpet produces a sound 
 unlike any other; and what adds to the worth of the machine, 
 the sound can be increased to almost any volume. The trumpet 
 is worked by the “ Ericsson Caloric Engine,” and has been 
 adopted and set up in several places by the American and 
 English Governments. We believe it is the best thing of the 
 kind yet produced, and worthy the attention of all National 
 Governments.” 
 
 To the Florence Sewing Machine Company, of Florence, 
 for Sewing Machines, — a Silver Medal. 
 
 Among the many useful inventions which were exhib¬ 
 ited in the American Department at the late Universal 
 Exposition in Paris, none attracted more attention than 
 the Florence Sewing Machine. We well remember the 
 crowd which always surrounded it, and the many 
 expressions of praise elicited from every one by the 
 simplicity of its movements. 
 
 There were other sewing machines on exhibition, wdth 
 the latest improvements, to make button-holes, tucks, 
 Ac.; but the Florence, claiming to do sewing and 
 nothing else, was acknowledged by all most acquainted 
 
134 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 with sewing machines, as the one most desirable and 
 best fitted to do the ordinary sewing of a family. 
 
 Such was evidently the opinion of the jury on prizes, 
 for they unanimously awarded to the Florence a silver 
 medal, the highest testimonial given to any sewing 
 machine. It has been introduced to the public only a 
 few years, and that was its first appearance al a World’s 
 Fair; but both in this country and in the old world, all 
 those who have tried it confirm the opinion of the jury, 
 and everywhere when the subject is discussed the best 
 in use is always acknowledged to be the Florence 
 Sewing Machine. 
 
 I have spoken in the preceding pages more especially 
 of the goods which received awards at the Exposition. 
 There were others that came too late for such a recogni¬ 
 tion, of which I have also made brief mention ; and 
 others still which well deserved to be exhibited. Promi¬ 
 nent among these were the Pianos of Hallet, Davis, & 
 Co., of Boston. Their firm is among the most celebrated 
 Pianoforte Manufacturers in the country, for the quality 
 and quantity of their instruments, both square and grand ; 
 and had their instruments come before the judges at the 
 Exposition, another Gold Medal would undoubtedly 
 have been added. Recently they have produced a 
 Grand Piano, of novel construction and superior tone 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 135 
 
 and finish, giving to the world further evidence of the 
 superiority of American industry and skill. 
 
 The pianos of this house have received some of the 
 highest premiums awarded at various Expositions and 
 fairs in this country, and most deservedly. 
 
 As we close this hasty review of the late Universal 
 Exposition, it is but fair to say that there were among 
 the articles which received awards from the various 
 committees, many well worthy of special notice, which 
 we are compelled to omit in this edition. We hope to 
 do them justice in a future issue. 
 
 To those Americans travelling in Europe, who desire 
 the services of an agent in making purchases, we take 
 pleasure in recommending Mr. P. Auger, as a gentleman 
 every way worthy of tlieir confidence. He has had excel¬ 
 lent opportunities to qualify himself for the Commission 
 business, in which he is engaged; and we are sure that 
 all who favor him with a call will be satisfied with his 
 dealings and happy in his acquaintance. See his 
 advertisement. 
 

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PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 CHIOKERINU & SONS 
 
 AMERICAN PIANOS TRIUMPHANT. 
 
 THE HIGHEST RECOMPENSE OVER ALL COMPETITION AT THE 
 
 UJ^IVE(kSAL EXCPOSITIOJ^, (EAmS, 1867, 
 
 AWARDED TO 
 
 CHICKERING & SONS, 
 
 BOSTON AND NEW YOEK, 
 
 For the superiority of their manufacture in the different styles of Pianos 
 ^hibited by them. 
 
 They were the only/competitors in this branch of industry who received 
 
 THE EOXIBEE EECOMEEnS-SE 
 OF THE 
 
 GROSS OF THE LEOION OF HONOR, 
 
 AND 
 
 C3-031.3D 
 
 This Award distinctly classifies the Chickering Piano as FIRST IN THE" 
 ORDER OF MERIT, and placers them at the Head of 
 the List of Competitors, 
 
 For undeniable proof of this assertion, we beg to call attention to the 
 Official Certificates and Extracts upon the following pages. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 JExtract from the Meport of JSIons, ^ouhev, French 
 Minister of State, and Vice President of the Imperial 
 Commission^ Mead Mefore the Emperor at the dis¬ 
 tribution of Awards, on the 1st of July, 1867' 
 
 “ Thanks to an activity which has surmounted all obstacles, the 
 decisions demanded for the juries of the 1st of July are all ren¬ 
 dered, and the result can be proclaimed to-day before your 
 Majesty. The juries have distributed to the exhibitors: — 
 
 ^^64 Grand Prizes, 
 
 “883 Gold Medals, 
 
 “ 3,653 Silver Medals, 
 
 “6,565 Bronze Medals, 
 
 “ 5,801 Honorable Mentions. 
 
 “ The present solemnity is crowned by the proclamation of 
 
 -STILL HIGHER AWARDS. 
 
 “ Your Majesty condescends to gra^ to the most eminent of 
 the exhibitors in this pacific strife, 
 
 “THE IMPERIAL GROSS OF THE LEGION OF HONOR.” 
 
 Extract from the official catalogue of Recompensed Exhibitors 
 at Universal Exposition, Paris, 1867. 
 
 “ There has been awarded to Messrs. Chickering & Sons, 
 Boston and New York, one of the four Gold Medals of equal 
 value awarded to the manufacturers of Pianos for the great per¬ 
 fection and superiority of their instruments. Besides this medal 
 of the first class, Mr. Chickering has received the recompense 
 which surpasses all others, ‘ The Cross of the Legion of Honor^ 
 brilliant confirmation of the decision of the jury. Mr. Chicker¬ 
 ing is the only factor of Pianos competing to whom this supreme 
 recompense has been awarded upon the occasion of the Univer- 
 selle Exposition of 1867.” 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 . FIRST mmu PRIZE I^EDAL 
 
 AWARDED 
 
 PRATT & WENTWORTH, 
 
 FOR THE CELEBRATED 
 
 COOKING STOYE, 
 
 AT THE 
 
 Exposition Universelle^ (Paris, i86y. 
 
 1st prize at AMERICAN INSTITHTE FAIR, NEW YORK; GOLF 
 MEDAL AT NEW ORLEANS FAIR, AND TWELVE 
 OTHER FIRST PRIZES DURING 1867. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 PEERLESS. 
 
 The Best Cooking Stove 
 
 It is the “Peerless,” because it is superior to all other Cooking Stoves in 
 Economy, Simplicity, Cleanliness, Baking, Boasting, and Beauty. 
 
 1st. Economy. A patented method of heating the air and conveying it 
 through the oven, saves from twenty to thirty per cent, of fuel. 
 
 2d. Simplicity. It is easily managed. The fire can be perfectly controlled 
 and kept through an entire season without re-kindling. 
 
 3d. Cleanliness. No dust escapes while shaking or dumping the grate. 
 
 4th. Baking. Its large oven, wherein all parts are of equal temperature, 
 bakes as evenly as a brick oven, and that without turning the article. It 
 bakes quickly. 
 
 5th. Roasting. A current of hot air constantly passing through the o\ en, 
 so thoroughly ventilates it that it roasts as well as the kitchen. 
 
 6th. BeautjL Made of the best iron, it will not crack. Well moulded, 
 artistically designed, and smoothly cast, it is the most beautiful as well as 
 the most serviceable stove in the market. 
 
 Each Stove is warranted to do all that is claimed for it. 
 
 In all the requisites of a first-class Cook Stove, the “Peerless,” as its 
 name indicates, has no equal in the market. 
 
 PRATT & WEATWORTH, Manufacturers, 
 
 87, 89, & 91 North Street, Boston. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 Conclusive Proof op the Highest Award to Chickering 
 & Sons. 
 
 The following letters have been received from Paris by Messrs. 
 Chickering & Sons, which clearly and very plainly prove that the 
 Gold Medals at the Paris Exhibition were all alike and of equal 
 value^ and that “ the Cross of the Legion of Honor ” was 
 awarded by a higher power than the juries, viz., by the Emperor, 
 as a “Superior Award” over Medals for the superior merit of 
 the Chickering Pianos : — 
 
 Copy of a Letter from 3Ionsieur Fetis, 3Iemher and 
 
 Reporter of the Jury of the 10th Clas^ of the Eocpo- 
 
 sition TJniverselle, Faris, 1807• 
 
 [translation.] 
 
 Brussels, Nov. 19, 1867. 
 
 Mr. Chickering : — Sir : — I cannot refuse to declare, as a 
 member of the Jury of the 10th Class, that of which is undeni¬ 
 ably established by the Moniteur of July 2, 1867, viz.: 
 
 That there is one single class of Gold Medals for the Exhibi¬ 
 tors ; that the Decoration of the Legion of Honor constitutes a 
 recompense of a superior order, and that it has been accorded to 
 you by the Emperor for the merit of your instruments. 
 
 Accept my salutations, 
 
 (Signed) FETIS. 
 
 Member of the Jury of the 10th Class of the Exposition Univer- 
 selle, Paris, 1867. 
 
 Copy of Letters from Amhroise Thomas and F, A. Gav- 
 
 aert, and G. Kastner, 3Iemhers of the Jury : 
 
 Gentlemen : — I must tell you that, whatever may be the 
 order in which the names have been inscribed in each kind of 
 recompense awarded to the 10th Class, the Gold Medal, to speak 
 of this one, is the First Medal. There are not two classes of 
 Gold Medals. Receive mv salutation, 
 
 (Signed) AMBROISE THOMAS. 
 
 I am completely of the opinion of my confrere, Thomas. 
 
 (Signed) F. GAVAERT. 
 
 Entirely in accordance with my confreres, M. M. Thomas and 
 Gavaert, I declare that there is but one class of Gold Medals 
 which are all Prize Medals; any Exhibitor honored with this 
 distinction has therefore the right to announce that he has 
 received the First Medal (Signed) GEORGE KASTNER. 
 
 Paris, Oct. 22, 1867. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 SE-V'ElsT'T'ir-i^OXJI^ 
 
 GOLn on SILVBM MBBALS, 
 
 Or other highest premiums, have been awarded within a few years at the 
 principal Industrial Fairs of the Country, to the 
 
 MASON ab HAMLfN ORGAN CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of 
 
 CABINET ORGANS. 
 
 Their Instruments have thus been REPEATJEDIiY DECLARED 
 THE BEST. At the following, among other Fairs : 
 
 THE TATIS EXTOSITIOJI, 1867. 
 
 Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics’ Association, Boston. 
 Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. 
 
 American Institute, New York. 
 
 Maryland Institute, Baltimore. 
 
 Mechanics’ Institute, Cincinnati. 
 
 United States Fair, Chicago. 
 
 Mechanics’ Fair, San Francisco. 
 
 AND AT THE STATE FAIRS OP 
 
 New York, Iowa, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Ohio, Kansas, 
 Indiana, Rhode Island, Illinois, 
 
 AND EVERY OTHER STATE WHERE EAIR-S ARE HELD. 
 Descriptive Pamphlet and Circulars, with illustrations of the various 
 styles of Organs will be furnished to any applicant, 
 
 WAREROOMS ; 
 
 154 Tremont St,, Boston ; 596 Broadway, New York, 
 
 THE MASON A HAMLIN ORGAN CO. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 30,000 fuawcs / / 
 
 HERRING’S PATENT 
 CHAMPION SAFES. 
 
 Awarded the PRIZE MEDALS at World’s Fair, Lon¬ 
 don, World’s Fair New York; Exposition Uni- 
 verselle, Paris. 
 
 AND 
 
 OF the "w^o-ee. 
 
 OP 
 
 30,000 EE^nSTCS, 
 
 ($0,000 IN GOLD.) 
 
 At the recent International Contest in the Paris Exhibition. 
 
 The public are invited to call and examine the report of the Jury on the 
 merits ot the great contest, and see the oflQcial award to the Herring’s 
 patent over all others. 
 
 HERRIND, PARREL & SHERMAN, 
 
 251 BROADWAY, cor. Murray St., NEW YORK. 
 
 FARRELL, HERRING & CO., Philadelphia, 
 
 HERRING & CO., Chicago. 
 
 HERRING, FARRELL, & SHERMAN, New Orleans. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 THE CEOWNING MUSICAL TEIUMPH OF THE 
 
 YEAE. 
 
 The Abbe Liszt has addressed to the Messrs. ChickeriDg the 
 following letter, the only testimonial in favor of a pianoforte- 
 maker, which he has ever given in Europe or America: — 
 
 [translation.] 
 
 Messrs. Chickering: — 
 
 It is very agreeable to me to add my name to the concert of 
 praises of which your pianos are the object. 
 
 To be just, I must declare them perfect, and perfectissimes 
 (superlatively perfect). 
 
 There is no quality which is foreign to them. Your instru¬ 
 ments possess in the supreme degree, nobility and power of tone, 
 elasticity and security of touch, harmony, brilliancy, solidity, 
 charms and prestige; and thus offer a harmonious ensemble of 
 perfections, to the exclusion of all defects. 
 
 Pianists of the least pretensions will find means of drawing 
 from them agreeable effects; and in face of such products—which 
 truly do honor to the art of the construction of instruments—the 
 role of the critic is as simple as that of the public; the one has 
 but to applaud them conscientiously, and with entire satisfaction, 
 and the other but to procure them in the same manner. 
 
 In congratulating you sincerely upon the great and decisive 
 success obtained at the Exposition at Paris, I am pleased to 
 anticipate the happy continuation of the same in all places where 
 your pianos will be heard, and I beg that you accept, gentlemen, 
 the expression of my most distinguished sentiments of esteem and 
 consideration. 
 
 (Signed) F. LISZT. 
 
 Rome, December 26, 1867. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 JAMES HALL & SON, 
 
 Carriage Manufacturers, 
 
 No. 5 Hawkins Street, 
 
 CoacheSj Clarence Coaches^ 
 
 (Phaetons^ (Barouches, 
 
 Coupees, Light Carriages, 
 
 Carryalls, Chaises. 
 
 Repairing in all its branches, done with punctuality 
 
 and dispatch. 
 
 To this firm tvas awarded a Silver Medal at the Uni¬ 
 versal Uocposition at Paris, 1867, 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 The following letter is the most conclusive and official proof, that any 
 pretension to priority in the classification of the Gold Medals awarded at 
 the Exhibition Universelle is entirely without foundation. 
 
 This proof comes from the very head of the administration of the Expo¬ 
 sition : — 
 
 Exposition Universelle de 1867, A Paris Commissariat General. \ 
 Commission Imperial, Champ de.Mars, Pavilion du i 
 
 Commissariat General, 5th December, 1867. ) 
 
 Sir : — I have received the letter in which you ask me if the Exhibitors, 
 having obtained at the Universal Exposition a same kind of medal, are 
 classified by order of merit in the list of awards, and if the Cross of the 
 Legion ol Honor must be regarded as having a remunerative value superior 
 to that of Grand Prizes. I have the honor to inform you. that the recom¬ 
 penses of the same denomination are all of equal value, and consequently 
 there is no reason to claim any advantage from the order of inscription of 
 the recipients. 
 
 The Decoration of the Legion of Honor is altogether independent of the 
 Medals and of the Prizes awarded by the international Jury, and constitutes 
 a recompense of a different order. 
 
 Receive, sir, the assurance of my distinguished consideration. 
 
 (Signed) F. LEPLAY, 
 
 Counsellor of State^ Commissary General. 
 
 Paris, Prance, October, 1867. 
 
 Messrs. Chickering & Sons : — 
 
 Gentlemen: — Permit me to congratulate you on the distinguished 
 honor which has been conferred upon you in the Paris Exposition. It is 
 especially agreeable to me, as principal agent for Massachusetts in the 
 Exposition, to forward to you the information that you received a Gold 
 Medal of the First Class, and in addition the still higher award of the 
 “ Cross of the Legion of Honor.” 
 
 The highest recognition obtained by any contributors of Pianos was 
 awarded to your firm. I feel that our State also is honored by the decision 
 that pronounces your instruments superior to those of all other contrib¬ 
 utors from various portions of the world. 
 
 Very respectfully yours, J. M. USHER. 
 
 Extract from the report of John G. Perry, Esq., Commissioner from 
 Rhode Island to the Universal Exposition, 1867, Paris, made to the 
 Governor and the General Assembly, January, 1868. 
 
 Pianos. —Probably nothing on exhibition excited greater interest than 
 Pianos ; and nowhere could be found better judges of these instruments 
 than at the Paris Exposition. The American Pianos, especially the Chick¬ 
 ering and Steinway instruments, were not surpassed by any foreign articles. 
 To Steinway & Sons was awarded a gold medal ; to Chickering & Sons, a 
 gold medal and.the still higher recognition of the “ Cross of the Legion of 
 Honor,” the highest award to any competitor. The Franco American says: 
 “The Steinway’s are beautiful in finish, harmonious in tone, and grand 
 when the full volume is brought out ; but for sweetness of tone, perfection 
 of action, and grandeur of parts, Chickering & Sons, of Boston, Mass., 
 surpassed all others.” 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 W. & B. DOUGLAS, 
 
 MIDDLETOWN, GONN. 
 
 Universal Exposition at Paris, France, in 1867. 
 
 TO THIS OLD AND LONG ESTABLISHED HOUSE. 
 
 Incorporated by Special Charter granted by the Legislature of Connecticut, 
 in 1859. BE 1. AS, President. Works founded in 1832. 
 
 JOHN M. DOUGLAS, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 JOS. W. DOUGLAS, Ass’t Superintendant. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED 
 
 Patent, Eevolving Stand Premium Pumps, 
 
 Patent Rotary Hand and Power Pumps, 
 
 Patent Yard Pumps, Deep Well Pumps, 
 
 Patent Double and Single Acting SUCTION and FORCE 
 PUMPS, of various Styles and capacity, 
 
 BOTH HAND AND POWER. 
 
 Patent Rotary Barrel Pumps, Patent Steam Pumps. 
 
 PATENT PREMIUM HYDRAULIC RAMS, 
 Galvanized Pump Chain, Chain Wheels and Fixtures. 
 Patent Cast Iron CURBS, Cast Iron SPOUTS for 
 Wooden Curbs, IRON WELL WHEELS, 
 
 IMPROVED PREMIUM 
 
 GARDEN, OR FIRE ENGINES; PATENT SHIP PUMPS, 
 
 Barn Door Rollers and Hangers, Ornamental Iron Horse 
 Posts, Grindstone Trimmings, Friction Rolls and Stands, 
 Wrought Iron BUTTS and HINGES, Washers, &c. 
 
 Also, the Patent Aquarius, a new and val¬ 
 uable Hand Force Pump. 
 
 This is the oldest and most extensive establishment of the kind, 
 in the United States, of America. Much talent and Mechanical Skill 
 being permanently devoted by this concern to developing improvements, 
 and sustaining the quality and reputation of their goods. A Large Stock 
 and general assortment of their Manufactures are kept constantly on hand, 
 for the Prompt Supply of MERCHANTS, DEALERS, and all in want. 
 
 Orders given this well established House will always he fairly and 
 honorably attended to. 
 
 Address W. k B. DOUGLAS. r 
 
 Middletoivn^ Connecticut^ 
 
 U. S. A. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 Massacliusetts. 
 
 17 Congress Street, ^ 
 
 MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF FINE 
 
 (kepairing in all its branches, executed in 
 the most thorough manner by skilful work= 
 men. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 FLORENCE 
 
 SEWING MACHINE CO. 
 
 FLORENCE, MASS. 
 
 The Florence is the only Sewing 
 Blachine extant, having a rever¬ 
 sible feed, which enables the ope¬ 
 rator at pleasure to sew either to 
 the right or left, and the only ma¬ 
 chine that maJies a perfectly elas- 
 seam, alike on each side of the 
 fabric. 
 
 THE FLORENCE 
 
 not only makes the lock-stitch, but three others, which for certain kinds of 
 work are much superior, especially where elasticity is required ; and is the 
 only machine that fastens the end of each seam securely, and does it in 
 one-fourth the time it can be done by hand. 
 
 THE FLORENCE 
 
 does not draw fine, thin goods down through the slot, or hole in the work 
 plate, nor drop a stitch in turning a corner, and is the only machine having 
 a changeless tension, and no slack threads, both of which are drawn 
 together simultaneously. 
 
 THE FLORENCE 
 
 is noiseless, and can be used when quiet is necessary ; as well in the sick- 
 chamber as in the work-room. It oils no dresses, the machinery all being 
 on the top of the table. It will sew over the heavie.st seams, or from one 
 or more thicknesses of goods, without skipping stitches, breaking thread, 
 or requiring change in tension. 
 
 THE -FLORENCE 
 
 will easily do all family and tailoring work, on one and the same machine. 
 It is strong and finely finished, the motions are all positive, there are no 
 springs to get out of order, while for strength, durability, beauty of design, 
 and range of work, it cannot be excelled by any other make of machine. 
 
 JIDNEY STE0N&, Treasurer. , 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 STAR S 
 
 P R I N G , 
 
 CMoride of Sodium, . 
 
 Chloride of Potassium, . 
 
 Bromide of Sodium, . 
 
 Iodide of Sodium, or Iodine, 
 
 Sulphate of Potassa, . 
 
 Bicarbonate of Lime,. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Magnesia, • • • 
 
 Bicarbonate of Soda,. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Iron,. 
 
 Silicia, . 
 
 3,782,962 
 ....9,220 
 ... 565 
 
 20,000 
 ■ 5,400 
 
 . 124,459 
 ...61,912 
 ...12,662 
 ....1,213 
 .... 1,283 
 
 Phosphate of Lime, a trace. 
 
 Solid contents in a gallon.615,685 
 
 Carbonic Acid Gas, 40,765 cubic inches in a gallon. 
 Determined according to Dr. Steele and Prof. Emmons’ mode 
 This analysis proves that the water of the 
 
 grains. 
 
 grains, 
 of analysis. 
 
 SABATOOA STAR SPRING 
 
 Has a much larger amount of solid substance, richer in medical ingredi¬ 
 ents than any other spring in Saratoga, and shows what the taste indi¬ 
 cates, namely, that it is the 
 
 STHONGJE ST WATTJM. 
 
 It also demonstrates that the STAK WATER contains about 
 
 ©lie Hundred Cubic Inches more of Gas 
 
 in a gallon than any other spring. It is this extra amount of gas that 
 imparts to this water its peculiarly sparkling appearance, and renders it so 
 very agreeable to the taste. It also tends to preserve the delicious flavor of 
 the water when bottled, and causes it to uncork with an effervescence 
 almost equal to champagne. 
 
 The analysis also shows that the 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 Contains at least THREE important remedial substances that do not 
 appear in the card analysis of any other Spring, namely : 
 
 Chloride of Potassium, 
 
 Bromide of Sodium, and 
 
 Sulphate of Potassa. 
 
 It also contains more IODINE 
 
 Than any two other Springs put together. 
 
 What is still more important is the fact that the use of the water has 
 clearly demonstrated what the analysis of it would indicate, namely 
 THAT IT IS A 
 
 Superior Remedial Agent. 
 
 Experience has established the fact beyond reasonable cavil, that the 
 STAR WATER, as a 
 
 is UNEQUALLED ; it requiring about one-third less to act as such. It is 
 a vigorous Diuretic, and properly used is an excellent Tonic. 
 
 This water is peculiarly efficacious and valuable in the treatment and 
 cure of all 
 
 Scrofulous and Cutaneous Diseases, 
 
 In fact, in all complaints, for the relief and cure of which any mineral 
 water is used, the STAR SPRING WATER has 
 
 ]Sr O EQUAL,. 
 
 The proprietors earnestly invite the attention of the learned, and espe¬ 
 cially that of physicians, to the analysis of this water, and respectfully 
 solicit all visitors to test for themselves its virtues by the use of it, for 
 after all that can be said the STAR WATER, itself, is its own best recom-^ 
 mend. This water BOTTLES and KEEPS WELL—none better. Orders 
 left at the Office of the Company, at the Spring, or at our Depot. No. 12 
 Vesby Street, New York. 
 
 PRICES AT THE SPRING. 
 
 Quarts, $27 per gross. Pints, $21 per gross. 
 
 REFILLING. 
 
 Quarts, 84 cts. per doz. Pints, 60 cts. per doz. 
 
 SARATOGA STAR SPRING CO. 
 
 WHOLESALE AGENTS: 
 
 WASHBURN & CO.. 100 Tremont Street, Boston. 
 
 HOWARD & FITCH, 169 Front Street, New York. 
 
 HARRIS & UPHAM, 72 Randolph Street, Chicago. 
 
 A. PUTNAM, Jr. Superintendant. 
 
PAEIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 41 STATE. STBEET, BOSTON. 
 
 In this Company the whole surplus belongs to the policy-holders, and 
 is equitably divided among them, on the contribution plan, at the end of 
 the first year, and annually thereafter. The distribution may be applied to 
 the reduction of the next annual premium, or to purchase additional insur¬ 
 ance, payable with the policy at maturity. 
 
 The third distribution, amounting to $130,000 is noio being paid. 
 
 All the policy-holders of this Company are guaranteed against the for¬ 
 feiture of their policies, by a Statute of the State of Massachusetts, 
 
 Standing of this Company compared tvUh other Life 
 Insurance Companies, as sJancm hy the official 
 report of the Insurance Commissioners 
 of Massachusetts, Jan. 1,1868. 
 
 Ratio of Assets to each |100 of Liability^ .$141.86 
 
 Total average of all Cotnpanies, . 121.80 
 
 Ratio of Losses to Amount Insured, . .73 
 
 Total average of all Companies, . .85 
 
 Ratio of Losses to Amount Insured on Policies 
 
 issued in 1867,. .07 
 
 Total average of all Companies, . .23 
 
 GEORGE B. AGER, GEORGE P. SANGER, 
 
 Secretary. President. 
 
 ELIZUR WRIGHT, Actuary. 
 
PARIS iXPOSITlON. 
 
 Saratoga Springs, IST. Y., 
 
 This House is situated in the most central part of the town, 
 
 jpptonsrTiisra- oisr 
 
 The Congress and Empire Springs are exactly in 
 front of the House. 
 
 The CRESCENT HOUSE is operi for the accommodatiou of 
 
 GOGASlOrtlL km PERiVIANENT BOARDERS, 
 
 FROM MA.Y ’fi'IRST TO NOVEMBER FIRST, 
 
 and Prices moderate according to rooms required. 
 
 The most trusty servants are employed who will always 
 be attentive to the wants of patrons. 
 
 For terms, etc., address 
 
 ROBERT HAMILTON, Proprietor. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 J. M. T HR ESHER, 
 
 ISS COTJI^T ST-3 BOSTOISr. 
 
 All work performed in his office is warranted to be First Class, and 
 all improvements in the science of Dentistry will be placed at the command 
 of his customers without delay. 
 
 Nitrous Oxyd, or Laughing Gas, and Ether, administered when 
 required. 
 
 mm mm 
 
 Progress.— Every person who has carefully observed the progress made 
 in science and the arts within the last twenty years, will readily acknowl¬ 
 edge that improvements in the Dental art and practice have not been 
 inferior to the advancement made in any of the professions. The old prac¬ 
 titioner who ordered the placing of a pepper-corn in the cavity of an aching 
 tooth, intending to let it remain there till it should swell and burst the 
 tooth, which might easily and without pain have been extracted, would 
 hardly recognize his profession at the present day, or be recognized by 
 respectable dentists. The most important agent for the alleviation and 
 extinction of pqtin, and of course the most effectual aid of the dentist in 
 enabling him to perform thorough and finished work for his patients in the 
 extracting, filling, and adjusting of teeth, is nitrous oxyd, which, when 
 properly administered by skillful hands, is both effectual and safe. It^ 
 like all powerful agents, may be dangerous if given or used by the ignorant 
 and inexperienced. To be safe, it should be newly made every day, and 
 not kept, as it often is, for days and weeks in rubber bags, where it 
 becomes injurious and even dangerous. 
 
 The public will find it fresh made and skillfully administered by Dr. J. M. 
 Thresher, 132 Court Street, whose more than twenty years’ successful 
 experience as a dentist, gives ample assurance that all his dental operations 
 will be performed with safety, neatness, and dispatch. Dr. Thresher is 
 prepared to do all branches of dentistry work in the neatest and most 
 thorough manner. In extracting, filling, inserting new teeth—from one 
 to a whole set—or regulating children’s teeth, which is among the most 
 important, and at the present time considered to be one of the most neces¬ 
 sary branches of the dental profession, Dr. Thresher employs none but the 
 most experienced and skilful workmen.— Nation, 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 DR. ROBERT HA^1iLTO?y’S 
 MEDICAL & SURGICAL LYSTITUTE, 
 
 Sai'atoga Springs, IST. 
 
 Is located on Broadway, opposite the faaioiis Congress Spring, and in 
 full view of the park. 
 
 The rooms are pleasant and airy ; the parlors cheerful, well-furnished, 
 and contain pianos to enliven and cheer the invalid. The house is well 
 supplied with bath rooms for ladies and gentlemen. 
 
 The Gymnasium is large and well ventilated. The piazzas afford a 
 promenade of 125 feet. 
 
 R.evipdies.— VV e select what is found most valuable in the Allopathic, 
 Homeopathic, Botanic, and Hydropathic schools, rejecting all that experi¬ 
 ence has proved to be worthless or injurious. 
 
 Results. — Of over 10,000 patients wbo have been treated by us, but few 
 have been returned without material improvement, while hundreds have 
 been restored to health, many of whom had been under the care of eminent 
 physicians without benefit, and were so low as to ’se brought here on beds. 
 
 The following is from Wm. Paine, M. D., Profes.-or of Theory and Prac¬ 
 tice of Medicine and Pathology, in the Eclectic Medical College of 
 Philadelphia ; -- 
 
 Dr. Hamilton has long been engaged in Institutions for the treatment of 
 various diseases, has had remarJcnble success in the treatment or chronic 
 affections, and has acquired an enviable reputation throughout the country 
 as a most skillful and successtul practitioner. WM. PAINE. 
 
 [From the Women’s Advocate, Phi’uidelphia.] 
 
 The Medical and Surgical Institute of Dr. H:*--;lton is unquestionably 
 the most successful Medical Institution in the country. With a few excep¬ 
 tions I have visited all of the Institutions of a similar kind, and nowhere 
 have I found physiological principles so religiously carried out without 
 regard to expense and trouble as here. Dr. Hamilton, nephew of the cele¬ 
 brated Dr. Hamilton of Rochester, is the proprietor, and the only practi¬ 
 tioner who has full knowledge of the mode of treatment so successfully 
 employed by his uncle. With the exception of the well-known Dr. Dul)ois 
 of Paris, I have met no physician devoted to diseases of women, who 
 possesses in an equal degree with Dr. Hamilton, delicacy, correctness of 
 feeling, refinement, and dignity of manner. 
 
 References. —Rev. Dr. Beecher, Hon. J. B. McKean, H. H. Hathorn, 
 Proprietor of Congress Hall, Rev. N. E. Cobleigh, D. D., Editor Zion’s 
 Herald, Hon. J. M. Usher, Ed. Nation, Rev. E. P, Ihwing, Ed. Home Monthly, 
 Henry Wells, of Wells, Fargo, & Co., Pres, of American Exp. Co., Aurora, 
 N. y.. Geo. H. Mitchell, M. D., New York, 1 ref. D. S. Smith, M. D., 
 Chicago, 111., y. Clement, M. 1),, Saratoga Springs, N. Y., S. T. Ames, 
 Boston, Mass., D. A. Harsha, Author of Orators and Statesmen, Life of 
 Dr. Watts, Charles Sumner, Dr. Doddrich,,etc. , etc., Argyle, N. Y. 
 
 Terms.— From $10 to $15 per week, depending upon the room occupied 
 and attention required. This includes board, treatment, and medical 
 advice. Clergymen and their families, in indigent circumstances, received 
 at reduced prices. A pamphlet, giving au account of its advan<tages, 
 diseases created, certificates of cures, testimonials, etc., will he sent free on 
 application to 
 
 R. HAMILTON, Al. D., Saratoga Springs. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 HALLET, DAYIS & CO., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OP 
 
 NEW SCALE PIANOS. 
 
 GRAND, PARLOR-GRAND and SQUARE. 
 
 35 Premiums awarded our Pianos ! 
 
 24 First Premiums! 
 
 9 First Premiums for 
 
 Best Grrands and Barlor-Grrands. 
 
 Boston, 
 
 New York. 
 Philadelphia, 
 Ogdensburgh, N. Y., 
 Cincinnati, Qi* 
 
 AT 
 
 Trenton, N. J., 
 Newberne, N. C 
 Harrisburgh, Pa., 
 Halifax, N. S., 
 Hartford, Ct., 
 New Haven, Ct., 
 
 Worcester, Mass., 
 Lowell, Mass., 
 Syracuse, N. Y., 
 York, Pa., 
 
 I Sandusky, 0., 
 
 Gold Medal just awarded at the Mew England 
 Fair^ Mew Haven^ Ct. 
 
 EVERY INSTRUMENT WARRANTED FOR FIVE YEARS. 
 
 Second-Hand Pianos taken in Exchange for neiv^ 
 [];^Illustratecl Catalogue sent free to any address. 
 
 WAEEKOOMS i 272 Washington St., 
 MANUFAOTOKY: 700 Harrison Ave., 
 
 mmm. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 TO AMERICANS VISITING PARIS. 
 
 F. A.UaElR, 
 
 Wo. 3 Rue St. Arnaud^ 
 
 NEAR THE GRAND HOTEL, 
 
 Americans are invited to make my house their head quarters, and to 
 hare their letters addressed to my care. They will be duly attended to 
 without charge, and a special clerk will always be in readiness to give 
 information to visitors, in relation to either business or pleasure. 
 
 Being a native, and a permanent resident in Paris, and having trav¬ 
 elled extensively throughout the States, Mr. Auger, who has been con¬ 
 nected with some of the largest American houses in Europe, feels per¬ 
 fectly qualified to render assistance to such as may favor him with their 
 confidence for the purchase of any staple or other article, and also to 
 help ladies and families in buying silks, laces, jewelry, mante orna¬ 
 ments, &c. 
 
 All such are respectfully invited to call and see for themselves, as 
 Mr. Auger will always be glad to render them assistance, even if they 
 do not wish to purchase. He gives customers all the benefit of the 
 wholesale prices and discounts, and charges them a small commission 
 for his trouble. 
 
 Persons intending to visit Paris, and wishing to secure rooms or apart¬ 
 ments beforehand, can do so by writing to the undersigned, and their 
 directions will be attended to without charge. 
 
 P. AUGER. 
 
 3 St. Aknaud. 
 
 Near the Grand Hotel 
 PARIS. 
 
 References. 
 
 New York, 
 Boston, 
 
 St. Louis, 
 
 Baltimore, 
 
 Philadelphia, 
 
 MINOT S. MORGAN, 35 Spruce St. 
 
 JAMES KELLY, Postmaster, 22 Irving Place. 
 AMOS L. WOOD, 36 Chardon St. 
 
 CURTIS GUILD, Editor “Commercial Bulletin.’^ 
 Hon. J. M. USHER, Editor “The Nation.^' 
 PELLES & LATHE, 
 
 JNO. FLOUMOY & Co., 315 Chestnut St. 
 THOMAS SEWELL & Sons, 
 
 L. A. GODEY, Editor “Ladies Book.^’ 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION, 
 
 AND 
 
 UPHOLSTERY GOODS. 
 
 Drapery Curtains, 
 
 Window Shades, 
 Looking Classes, 
 Mattresses, 
 
 DRAWING-ROOM, LIBRARY, 
 
 DINING-ROOM AND CHAMBER, 
 
 FURNITURE, 
 
 IN 
 
 MAHOGANY, WALNUT, 
 
 OAK AND CHESTNUT, 
 
 OF THOROUGH WORKMANSHIP AND IN EVERY VARIETY OF STYLE. 
 
 El W. WM & CO. 
 
 ISTo. 12 CornliilL 
 
 CORNER OF WASHINGTON STREET, 
 
 Best Reclining Chair ever made. 
 
PAllIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 BRAMAN, SHAW & CO., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OP 
 
 Fasliioiiable Parlor Suits, 
 
 Sofas, Lounges, Easy, Parlor, 
 
 — AND— 
 
 BRAIVIAN'S PATEi^T 
 
 Reclining Chair. 
 
 27 Sudbury St.; Over Suiblk Market, Bestoii. 
 
 First Class Tea Store, 
 
 For the Supply of the New England Trade. 
 
 T. H. JOHNSTON, 
 
 No. 88 Union St., Boston^ 
 
 continues to supply families and dealers 
 witli PURE TEAS of every variety on 
 the most favorable terms, and warrants his 
 goods to be just as he represents them. 
 
 Having been in the tea trade for twenty years, he can detect any impu¬ 
 rity in tea ; he has made that branch a specialty by giving his personal at- 
 tenti©n to the purchase of all his goods as well as the superintendence of 
 the sales, and he feels confident of giving satisfaction to all who may 
 favor him with their patronage. 
 
 The subscriber invites the public to try his TEAS AND COFFEES, 
 
 T. j-o:B3:3srsTOJsr- 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION 
 
 CLOTHES WRINGER. 
 
 We desire to call the attention of 
 Housekeepers to the above Machine* 
 Our New Cog Wheel Wringer is th - 
 latest pattern out and combines all the 
 desirable points requisite to make it 
 superior to all others. In Simplicity 
 Durability and Ease in Working, it is 
 unequaled. 
 
 The Rolls are of Solid White Rubber 
 and cannot crock the clothes, and the machine works so easily that a 
 child can use it. No family once using it will do without it at any cost. 
 Every Wringer warranted in full. A liberal discount to dealers. 
 
 ORIN SHERMAN, Sole Agent, 
 
 31 Brattle Street, Boston. 
 WRINGERS OP ALL KINDS REPAIRED. 
 
 
 rapes- 
 
 —AND— 
 
 WINDOW SHADES. 
 
 fe SflAEAI % Sil^ 
 
 25 Cornhilh BOSTON, 
 
 invite the attention of Builders, and all others in want of ROOM PA¬ 
 PER AND WINDOW SHADES, to their very large and choice assort¬ 
 ment, comprising all Grades from the CHEAPEST TO THE BEST. 
 
 They are now opening a choice lot of the latest FALL STYLES, at 
 LOWER PRICES THAN EVER offered before, for the same class of 
 goods. Don’t fail to examine both Goods and Prices. 
 
PARIS EXPOSITION. 
 
 CITIZENS’ 
 
 gtttual |n0ttiante ©a. 
 
 of JBriglitoii, Mass., 
 
 aee now paying 
 
 50 PER CENT. DIVIDEND. 
 
 This Company insures nothing but Dwelling Houses, Private Barns 
 (when insured with a Dwelling House), and contents of each. 
 
 ‘ The following is an extract from the Eeport to the Commtss.oners, 
 
 January 1,1868. 
 
 Amount in force January 1,1867,-nn 
 
 Amount issued this year,.. 
 
 Assets January 1,1868, 
 Liabilities,. 
 
 $42,921.40 
 
 ..1,322.41 
 
 Deposit Notes in force. 
 Total,. 
 
 141,598.99 
 . .81,903.48 
 
 $123,502.47 
 
 E. C. Sparhawk, Brighton, 
 J. N. Bacon, Newton, 
 
 W. P. Houghton, Newton, 
 S. W. Trowbridge, Newton, 
 Lorihg Wheeler, Newton, 
 
 J. M. Usher, Medford, 
 
 directors; 
 
 1 P H. Sweetser, South Reading, 
 s! W. Smith, Waltham, 
 
 Joseph Dunhlee, Brighton, 
 
 H. W. Baxter, Brighton, 
 
 W. W, Warren, Brighton, 
 
 Henry Baldwin, 
 
 E. C. SPARHAWK, President, 
 
 S. W. 
 
 Boston 
 
 TROWBRIDGE, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 Office, No. 5 Traveller Building, 31 State St 
 
 Office hours 10 a. m. to 1 p. m. 
 

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