The Dilettanti Society Knaptons . 
 
 1. Sir James Gray . 1741. Rep. p. 76. In black & 
 white Van Dyck costume. 
 
 2. Earl of Middlesex (Duke of Dorset ), 1741. As 
 
 a Roman Consul returning from a campaign: 
 red scarf over fancy armour. 
 
 3. Mr Howe . 1741. Half to left in slate-brown 
 fancy dress. A globe behind to left as a 
 cask, from a hole in whose side he fills a 
 glass of bubbly white liquid. 
 
 4. Lord Hyde . 1741. In red, looking half out to 
 leftthe holds up, at the right, a glass 
 inscribed RES PVBLICA. 
 
 5 V Sir Francis Dashwood (Lord le Despencer), 
 1742. As a sham Franc iscan, with tonsure, 
 half to right, holding up a chalice inscribed 
 MATRI SANCTORVM before the lower part of the 
 Venus de Medici, seen in profile. 
 
 6., Mr Harris . 1742. In brown coat & white wig, 
 half to right. He holds up a paper inscribed 
 with a list of subscriptions towards a 
 house for the Society. 
 
 7. Sir Brownl o w Sherard j.742. Seated in a green 
 gown & a grey cloak, in a 'Savonarola' chair, 
 half to right. 
 
 3. Mr Ponsonby (Earl of Bessborough) , 1743. Rep. 
 p. 82. Red & white turban. 
 
 9. Mr Fauquier . 1743. Rep. p. 112. In a red coat, 
 with a huge black tie. 
 
 10. Hon.Sewallls Shirley . 1743. Rep. p. 14. In dark 
 blue, holding up the lid of a casket inscrib- 
 ed ET VIVAT. 
 
 1 1. Lord Galw ay . 1743. Half to left, as a Cardin- 
 al pronouncing absolution. 
 
 12. Colonel Denny . 1744. Half to right, as a 
 Roman sttandard-bearer, in greenish & scaly 
 gold. 
 
This Edition is limited to 350 Copies. 
 Number 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SOCIETY OF DILETTANTI 
 
SIB JOSHUA. REYNOLDS. V RA 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SOCIETY OF DILETTANTI 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 LIONEL CUST, M.A. 
 
 Director of the National portrait Gallery 
 
 AND EDITED BY 
 
 SIDNEY COLVIN, M.A. 
 
 Keeper of the Prints and Drawings in the British Museum 
 sometime Secretary of the Society 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 
 
 LONDON 
 MACMILL AN AND CO., Limited 
 
 NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 
 185)8 
 
 All rights reserved 
 
 o 
 
OXFORD 
 
 HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 fY CENTER 
 RARY 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 PAGES 
 
 Antiquity of the Society — State of England at its foundation 
 — Date of foundation — Date of first records — Character 
 of original members — Young Englishmen on the Grand 
 Tour — Choice of name — Earliest meetings — Members 
 in 1 7 %6 — Dashwood — Middlesex — Harcourt — The 
 brothers Gray — W. Ponsonby — R. Grenville — Howe, 
 Archer, Denny, Strode, Sewallis Shirley — Boone, Liddell, 
 Fauquier, Harris, Dingley, Smithson — Hanbu ry Williams, 
 Mitchell, Villiers — Smyth, Hay, Spence, &c. — Sandwich 
 — Bedford, Brand, Holdernesse — Other members before 
 1770 I-ZI 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 Practices and regulations of the Society — Places, dates, and 
 hours of meeting — The President : his toga and curule 
 chair — The Secretary and Treasurer — The High Steward 
 — The Arch-Master and his insignia — The Regalia : 
 Bacchus's Tomb, the Ballot-Box, Seal, and Inkstand — 
 Dining practices : forfeits and fines — Convivial excesses 
 — Toasts — Election practices : qualification, admission, 
 abdication — Committees and quorums . . . zz-^i 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 Miscellaneous activities ot the Society : the Westminster 
 Bridge Lottery — Foundation of General Fund : building 
 schemes — The Cavendish Square site — Its abandonment 
 and the financial result — Promotion of the Italian opera 
 — Middlesex and Vanneschi — Schemes for an Academy 
 of Arts — Mr. Dingley's plan — Communications with 
 Hayman's Committee of Painters — The Society's plan — 
 
 a 3 
 
VI 
 
 Contents 
 
 Collapse of negotiations — Foundation of the Royal 
 Academy: its relations with the Dilettanti — Proposal 
 to form a gallery of casts from the antique — Revival of 
 the building scheme — Suggested sites : the Green Park 
 — The Star and Garter — Camelford House — Final 
 abandonment of building scheme — Increasing riches of 
 the Society — Face-money : Rule Ann. Soc. Undec. — 
 Other sources of income — Incidental records . . 4.1-67 
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 
 The Dilettanti and Classical Archaeology — Earlier history 
 of the study — The Earl of Arundel — The Arundel 
 Marbles — Other collectors — Explorations in situ : Nointel 
 and Carrey — Spon and Wheler ; Chishull — British 
 artists in Rome ; Brettingham and Gavin Hamilton — 
 Stuart and Revett — Sir James Gray and the Dilettanti — 
 Election of Stuart and Revett — Their expedition to 
 Athens — Dawkins and Wood — Le Roy and Dalton — 
 The Dilettanti and The Antiquities of Athens — Success 
 of the volume — The Society sends an expedition to 
 Asia Minor — Chandler, Revett, and Pars — Instruc- 
 tions to the expedition — Work in the Troad and Ionia 
 — Approval of the Society — Work in Attica and the 
 Morea— Return and reception of the explorers — The 
 Ionian Antiquities : choice of materials — Preparation 
 and publication of the volume — Presentation copies — 
 Chandler's Inscriptions and Travels — Proposed con- 
 tinuation of Ionian Antiquities — The drawings of Revett 
 and Pars : various claimants for their use — Diffi- 
 culties between Stuart and Revett — Appointment of 
 a committee — Death of Stuart : posthumous publication 
 of The Antiquities of Athens^ vols, ii, iii, and iv — 
 Publication of Ionian Antiquities^ vol. ii — Custody of 
 the Society's marbles — Marbles and drawings presented 
 to the British Museum 6%-\o6 
 
 CHAPTER V 
 
 Personal changes in the Society — New members — Deaths 
 of Founders — New spirit among their successors — 
 J. C. Crowle — Sir Joseph Banks — Charles Greville — 
 Sir William Hamilton — Sir Richard Worslcy, Mr. 
 Peachey, and Sir George Beaumont — Charles Townley 
 
Contents 
 
 vii 
 
 — Richard Payne Knight — Sir Henry Englefield — 
 Hamilton and the ritual of Isernia — D'Hancarville — 
 The Priapeia — Reception of the volume — Retrospect : 
 work of the Dilettanti in Italy — Work in Greece and 
 Asia Minor — Further enterprises : new Publication 
 Committee — Specimens of Antient Sculpture — Mode of 
 publication — Proposed second volume — Opportunities 
 lost meanwhile — Sir William Hamilton's notes and 
 drawings — Letter from Lord Elgin — The Parthenon 
 Marbles since Carrey — Thomas Harrison — Action taken 
 by Lord Elgin — Lord Elgin and the Dilettanti — Influence 
 of Payne Knight in discrediting the Marbles — Champions 
 on the other side : West, Fuseli, Haydon — Progress of 
 the controversy — Crown Prince of Bavaria, Visconti, 
 Canova — The Select Committee — Final result . 107-136 
 
 CHAPTER VI 
 
 Internal changes — The Ballot — Abolition of Forfeitures — 
 Removals : Parslow's : the Thatched House — Researches 
 in Greece and the Levant — Zeal of new members — Colt 
 Hoare, Long, Ainslie, Hawkins — Morritt of Rokeby — 
 Hope of Deepdene — Lord Morpeth, Lord Northwick, 
 Earl of Aberdeen — Wilkins, Leake, Gell — New Ionian 
 Committee — Its report on Gell's proposed expedition — 
 Instructions to the expedition — Researches at Eleusis — 
 
 Work at Samos, Miletus, Magnesia, &c Work at 
 
 Rhamnus, Thoricus, and Sunium — The Aegina Marbles 
 — Risks from pirates and privateers — Return of mission 
 — John Peter Gandy — Resolutions as to publication — 
 Congratulations to members of mission — Details of 
 scheme — Sir Henry Englefield's appeal — Its results — 
 The Unedited Antiquities of Attica — New edition of 
 Ionian Antiquities — Further activities : second volume 
 of the Specimens — Difficulties and delays — Mode of 
 meeting expenses — Deaths of Englefield and Payne 
 Knight — Sir T. Lawrence as Secretary — A German 
 scholar's tribute — Distinguished members . . 13 7-1 71 
 
 CHAPTER VII 
 
 Secretaryship of W.R.Hamilton — Reparation to Lord Elgin — 
 Correspondents abroad : the Hon. W. R. Spencer — 
 Sir W. Gell — Mr. Edward Dawkins — The Chevalier 
 
viii 
 
 Contents 
 
 Brbndsted — The Bronzes of Siris — Subscription for their 
 purchase — Proposed continuation of Ionian Antiquities 
 — Application from Mr. Penrose — Mr. Penrose supported 
 by the Society — Investigations of Athenian Architecture 
 — Latter years of Hamilton's secretaryship — Members 
 elected under his regime : Shee, Mountstuart Elphin- 
 stone, Hobhouse, &c. — Eastlake, Ryan, Munro of 
 Novar, See. — Mr. Penrose, Monckton Milnes, Watkiss 
 Lloyd, Panizzi, Cockerell, &c. — C. T. Newton : his cor- 
 respondence from Syra and Mitylene — The Mausoleum 
 of Halicarnassus — Proposal from the Arundel Society — 
 Dedications of Cockerell's volumes . . . 172-191 
 
 CHAPTER VIII 
 
 Removals : new Thatched House Tavern ; Willis's Rooms 
 — State of the Society — Sir C. T. Newton, Sir F. 
 Leighton, Sec — Art collectors and amateurs ; country 
 gentry, &c. ; Bar and Bench — Pollock, Venables, Bowen 
 — Learning - y the Civil Service ; Foreign Diplomacy — 
 New antiquarian enterprise : Mr. Pullan and the Temple 
 of Teos — The Smintheum — Temple of Priene — Ionian 
 Antiquities, vol. iv — Time and mode of publication — 
 Penrose's Athenian Architecture, new edition — Appeals 
 from various quarters : Temple of Ephesus • British 
 School at Athens — Changes and removals since 1888 — 
 Newmembers — Discussions and resolutions — Retrospect: 
 changed conditions of archaeological study — Decline 
 of classical enthusiasm in England — The Archaeological 
 Institute of Rome ; various foreign schools at Athens 
 — Revival of the study in England, but in another 
 shape — Part taken, or to be taken, by the Dilettanti — 
 Conclusion 192-ai? 
 
 CHAPTER IX 
 
 Portraits of members : George Knapton — Institution of 
 face-money — Knapton's resignation — J. Stuart as Painter 
 to the Society — Stuart superseded in favour of Reynolds 
 — The two great portrait-groups — Nathaniel Dance — 
 Various resolutions as to portraits — Death of Reynolds ; 
 Lawrence chosen successor — Motion as to portrait of 
 Sir J. Banks — The Reynolds groups : steps for their 
 preservation — The groups engraved in mezzotint — 
 
Contents 
 
 ix 
 
 Portrait of Payne Knight — Lawrence on the question of 
 fresh portrait-groups — Portraits and face-money : various 
 orders — Portraits of Lord Dundas and Benjamin West 
 — Lawrence succeeded by Shee — Portrait of Morritt — 
 Inquiries into state of pictures — Shee succeeded by 
 Eastlake — Proposed series of engravings — Applications 
 for loan of pictures : Manchester, South Kensington, 
 National Gallery, See. — Eastlake succeeded by Leighton 
 — Portraits of Lord Broughton and Sir Edward Ryan- 
 Successive Painters to the Society : Sir F. W. Burton 
 and Sir Edward Poynter — Further loans of pictures — 
 Last portraits : Mr. Watkiss Lloyd, Lord Leighton, 
 Mr. Sidney Colvin ...... z 16-13 7 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 List of Members of the Society of Dilettanti . . 139-3 14. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 3 I 5 , ~33^ 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 Photogravures from original portraits in the possession 
 of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 PAOl 
 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds, P.R.A. (alter Reynolds) 
 Col. G. Gray (after Knapton) 
 The Hon. Sewallis Shirley (after Knapton) . 
 The Earl of Holdernesse (after Knapton) 
 Sir James Gray, Bart, (after Knapton) . 
 The Earl of Bessborough (after Knapton) 
 The Earl of Sandwich (after Knapton) . 
 William Fauquier, Esq. (after Knapton) 
 Richard Payne Knight, Esq. (after Lawrence) 
 J. B. S. Morritt, Esq. (after Shee) 
 Sir Henry Englefield, Bart, (after Lawrence) 
 Sir Edward Ryan, K.C.B. (after Leighton) . 
 Sir William Hamilton and others (after Reynolds) 
 The Hon. Charles Greville and others (after Reynolds) 
 
 Phototypes from the J^rgalia belonging to the Society 
 
 1 Baccbus's Tomb ' To face } i 
 
 Ivory relief of Perseus and Andromeda, after the 
 
 antique : from the back of Bacchus's Tomb . „ 34 
 
 The Bal lot-Box „ 36 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SOCIETY OF DILETTANTI 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 Antiquity of the Society — State of England at its foundation 
 — Date of foundation — Date of first records — Char- 
 acter of original members — Toung Englishmen on the 
 Grand Tour — Choice of name — Earliest meetings — 
 Members in 1736 — Dashwood — Middlesex — Har- 
 court — The brothers Gray — W. Ponsonby — 7^. Gren- 
 ville — Howe, Archer, Denny, Strode, Sewallis Shirley — 
 Boone^ Liddell, Fauquier, Harris^ Dingley, Smithson — 
 Hanbury Williams, Mitchell, Villiers — Smyth, Hay, 
 Spence, &c. — Sandwich — Bedford, Brand, Holdernesse 
 — Other members before 17 70. 
 
 THE history to be narrated in the following Antiquity 
 chapters is that of a small private society of °f tloe 
 gentlemen which for more than a century and So " et ?' 
 a half has exercised an active influence in matters 
 connected with public taste and the fine arts in 
 this country, and whose enterprise in the special field 
 of classical excavation and research has earned the 
 grateful recognition of scholars and the cultivated 
 
 4 
 
x History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 public throughout Europe. There may be persons, 
 outside the limited circle of its members, who will 
 feel some surprise on learning that such a society 
 exists ; that it was founded in the early years 
 of the reign of George II ; and has maintained 
 its existence with an unbroken record up to the 
 present day. This fact is the more remarkable, 
 since, although the Royal Society and the Society of 
 Antiquaries are actually older in point of date, the 
 Society of Dilettanti was not formed, as these were, 
 with any definite intention of promoting the cause of 
 either science or art, but simply, in the first instance, 
 for the purposes of social and convivial intercourse. 
 state of The foundation of the Society almost coincides 
 England at with what may be termed the birth of modern 
 itsfiunda- England, xhe accession of George II, in itself an 
 
 tion. o . . , O 5 . . 
 
 unromantic and apparently unimportant incident in 
 the history of England, nevertheless forms one of the 
 landmarks in that history. The final establishment 
 on the throne of the Hanoverian branch of the 
 Guelphs marks the close of the long struggle which 
 had reached its climax in the Revolution of i<5 8 8. 
 It denotes the complete extinction of any popular 
 sympathy with the Jacobite cause, as was shown 
 by the behaviour of the populace during the events 
 of 1747. A new era had commenced in England, 
 an era of progress, consolidation, and reform, equally 
 marked in matters political, social, and commercial, 
 in questions civil or religious, and in education, 
 science, and art. The long ascendency of Sir Robert 
 Walpole, as first minister of the Crown, taught the 
 country for the first time to look to the prime minister 
 as the real governing power, while the vigorous 
 opposition excited by his administration opened its 
 eyes to the advantages of the party system. It was 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 3 
 
 early in the eighteenth century that the army and 
 navy became permanent institutions and part of 
 the national fabric of government. This without 
 doubt contributed largely to the extraordinary 
 extension of British commercial enterprise which 
 ensued, leading through the agency of the East 
 India Company to the establishment of the British 
 Empire in India, and in later days to the founda- 
 tion of Greater Britain in Australasia, South Africa, 
 and in various parts of the New World. As com- 
 mercial fortunes increased, the merchants of the 
 East India, Turkey, South Sea, and other companies 
 became powers in the State, and began to encroach 
 on the social privileges of the feudal and territorial 
 aristocracy. With the settled stability of the throne 
 and the national institutions, the country grew 
 wealthy and prospered. The foundation of the 
 Bank of England is one of the great events in the 
 history of finance. During this period there began 
 to arise those great manufacturing enterprises which 
 gained for Great Britain the commercial hegemony 
 of the world. In religion, the settled supremacy of 
 the Protestant faith enabled the Church to come to 
 terms with the Nonconformists, whereby the latter 
 gained a position of independence and a distinct 
 voice in the affairs of State. The foundation of 
 parochial schools for the first time opened the doors 
 of education to the masses of the people. The press 
 became an important and active factor in public life, 
 both as a literary resource and as a political engine. 
 Science and research were fostered by the Royal 
 Society and the Society of Antiquaries. The 
 acquisition by the nation of the collections of Sir 
 Hans Sloane, following on that of the Cottonian and 
 the Harleian MSS., resulted in the foundation of the 
 
 B 1 
 
4 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 British Museum. A desire was promoted for the es- 
 tablishment of a truly national school of art, leading 
 to the St. Martin's Lane Academy and William 
 Hogarth, and later to the foundation of the Royal 
 Academy in the glorious age of Gainsborough and 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds. The pursuit of knowledge 
 and culture became not only popular but fashionable, 
 and a tour round foreign courts and capitals was 
 considered an indispensable qualification for young 
 men of birth and wealth. These grand tours became 
 the source of the formation of those great private 
 collections for which England long remained so 
 justly renowned. 
 Date of In the midst of such an age as this it happened, 
 foundatiov. to q UOte t h e WO rds of the preface of the Ionian 
 Antiquities (1769), that 
 
 'In the year 1734. some gentlemen who had travelled in Italy, 
 desirous of encouraging at home a taste for those objects which 
 had contributed so much to their entertainment abroad, formed 
 themselves into a society under the name of the Dilettanti, and 
 agreed upon such resolutions as they thought necessary to keep up 
 the spirit of the scheme/ 
 
 It is a matter of regret, and one, it is to be feared, 
 past remedy, that, at the time of the foundation 
 of this Society, the original members had so little 
 idea of the important part which it was destined 
 to play that it was not thought necessary to keep 
 regular minutes of their meetings. Founded essen- 
 tially as a dining society, its future, so long as the 
 strength of the bond which held its members together 
 remained untested and unknown, was very imperfectly 
 foreseen. When, however, after a year or two, it 
 became evident that not mere conviviality (or, as its 
 enemies uncompromisingly alleged, hard drinking), 
 but the love of art, with the ambition of fostering 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti $ 
 
 the same sentiment in others, was destined to be the 
 genuine ruling principle of the Society, its members 
 seem to have awakened to the fact that they might 
 become a leading power in social life. 
 
 Through their negligence at the outset the actual Date of 
 date of the foundation of the Society remains un- f lrst 
 certain. At a meeting held at the Bedford Head records - 
 Tavern on March 6, 173d, it was decided to keep 
 a regular minute-book, the records of meetings 
 having been previously merely jotted down on loose 
 papers. The first entries in the red morocco minute- 
 books of the Society are dated April y and May 2, 
 173 6 — Anno Soc. Ter. in the Latin style adopted (and 
 still kept up) for this purpose. When a separate book 
 was commenced on December 13, 1744, for the 
 minutes of the committee meetings, its date of com- 
 mencement is Ann. Soc. Duodec. From these entries it 
 may be assumed that the first meeting of the Society 
 was held in December, probably on December 5- or 
 12, 1732. _ 
 
 The majority of the original members were young ch aracter 
 noblemen or men of wealth and position between of original 
 twenty and thirty years of age, who had just come m 
 home from their travels on the Continent (tours 
 usually made under the charge of some governor of 
 more mature age from the Universities or the Church), 
 and who were eager on their return not only to 
 compare notes of their experiences and acquisi- 
 tions, but also to be regarded as arbiters of taste 
 and culture in their native country. It can easily 
 be imagined that the convivial meetings of a society 
 thus constituted were characterized, in that age, by 
 a vivacity which would be hardly in tune with the 
 soberer ideas prevailing at the close of the nineteenth 
 century. 
 
6 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Young The young English aristocrat was a conspicuous 
 
 Englishmen figure m the chief centres of society on the Con- 
 Grand Tour ti nent - He was as much criticized abroad for what 
 seemed in foreign eyes his insular eccentricities, as 
 he was on his return for his affectation of foreign 
 habits of speech and behaviour. We get frequent 
 glimpses of him from memoirs and letters of the 
 time. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, writing to 
 her daughter about the winter which she passed in 
 Rome in 1740-41, says : 
 
 c There was an unusual concourse of English, many of them with 
 great estates and their own masters : as they had no admittance 
 to the Roman ladies nor understood the language, they had no way 
 of passing their evenings but in my apartment, where I had always 
 a full drawing-room. Their governors encouraged their assiduities 
 as much as they could, finding I gave them lessons of economy and 
 good conduct; and my authority was so great, it was a common 
 threat among them, " I'll tell Lady Mary what you say." I was 
 judge of all their disputes, and my decisions always submitted to. 
 While I staid, there was neither gaming, drinking, quarrelling or 
 keeping/ 
 
 In spite of Lady Mary's complacent opinion of 
 her own influence, it is to be feared that the four 
 practices mentioned in her last sentence were sadly 
 prevalent among these young men, and that in many 
 cases it was the governor, rather than the pupil, who 
 profited most by the expedition. In any case, it was 
 from among these young travellers that the Society 
 of Dilettanti was recruited. 
 ckoke of In the absence of original records, there is nothing 
 name. ' beyond the obvious fitness of the name to explain 
 why the original members called their Society the 
 Dilettanti. The Italian word ( dilettante' appro- 
 priately describes the character of these young men. 
 The French word 'amateur ' had not yet been adopted 
 into the vernacular, the word c virtuoso ' had already 
 acquired a professional sound. There was in fact 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 7 
 
 already in existence a Society of Virtuosi founded in 
 1689, and composed of 4 Gentlemen, Painters, Sculp- 
 tors, Architects, etc., Lovers or Professors of Art.' 
 This society held an annual feast on St. Luke's Day, 
 and on more than one occasion attempted to im- 
 mortalize its existence by portrait-groups. A refer- 
 ence to the name chosen by the Dilettanti for their 
 own Society is made in the preface, already quoted, 
 to the first volume of their great work on Ionian 
 Antiquities (1769) — 
 
 c It would be disingenuous to insinuate that a serious Plan for the 
 Promotion of Arts was the only Motive for forming this Society. 
 Friendly and Social Intercourse was, undoubtedly, the first great 
 Object in view; but while, in this respect, no Set of Men ever 
 kept up more religiously to their original Institution, it is hoped 
 this Work will show that they have not, for that Reason, aban- 
 doned the cause of Virtu, in which they are also engaged, or 
 forfeited their Pretensions to that Character which is implied in 
 the Name they have assumed.' 
 
 Taking December, 1732, as the probable date Earliest 
 of the first meeting of the Society of Dilettanti, meetings. 
 there is some ground for supposing that it, and 
 perhaps a few subsequent meetings, may have been 
 held in Italy. Private papers show that some of 
 the earliest members were certainly on the Continent 
 during some part of the winter of 1732-3, and 
 it may well have been that at some common 
 central meeting-place for young travellers, such as 
 Rome or Venice (the latter has been assumed), the 
 idea was first mooted of such a reunion in London. 
 
 It is difficult to ascertain for certain who were Members 
 the true original founders of the Society, inasmuch m 1 71 <s - 
 as no list has been preserved of earlier date than May, 
 173d. The number of members at that date was 
 forty-six, mostly young men of rank and fashion 
 from twenty-five to thirty years of age, and many of 
 
8 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 them destined to play important parts as statesmen, 
 courtiers, soldiers, diplomatists, divines, or merchant 
 princes. Of the first category were Simon (after- 
 wards Earl) Harcourt, Richard Grenville (afterwards 
 Earl Temple), Sir Francis Dashwood (afterwards 
 Lord le Despencer), and William Ponsonby (after- 
 wards Earl of Bessborough) ; of the second, Cnarles 
 Earl of Middlesex (afterwards Duke of Dorset), Lord 
 Robert Montagu (afterwards Duke of Manchester), 
 Thomas Lord Archer, Sewallis Shirley, and Daniel 
 Boone ; of the third, George Gray, William Degge, 
 William Denny, and William Strode ; of the fourth, 
 Andrew Mitchell, Sir James Gray, Thomas Villiers 
 (afterwards Lord Hyde and Earl of Clarendon), and 
 Sir Charles Hanbury Williams ; of the fifth, Arthur 
 Smyth (afterwards Archbishop of Dublin), Robert 
 Hay (afterwards Archbishop of York), and the poet- 
 author, Joseph Spence ; and of the last, William 
 Fauquier, Robert Dingley, Robert Bristow, and Peter 
 Delme'. To these were added young baronets like 
 Sir Lionel Pilkington, Sir Robert Long, Sir Brown- 
 low Sherard, Sir Henry Liddell, and Sir Hugh 
 Smithson ; young peers like Viscount Gal way, 
 Viscount Boyne, and gentlemen of position such 
 as Simon Luttrell, Thomas Anson, James Noel, 
 Thomas Grimston, John Howe, Henry Harris, Sir 
 Thomas Whitmore, and Charles Feilding. Another 
 original member was George Knapton, the painter, 
 who held the important office of < Painter to the 
 Society.' The minute-books of the Society afford 
 sufficient evidence as to who among these noblemen 
 and gentlemen took the most prominent part in its 
 foundation and were most active in promoting its 
 interests. It is easy to distinguish as ruling spirits 
 Dashwood, Middlesex, Harcourt, James and George 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 9 
 
 Gray, Howe, Boone, Harris, Fauquier, Ponsonby, 
 and Liddell. 
 
 The man who, if not the actual projector and Dashwood. 
 founder of the Society, was certainly its leading 
 member in 1736, Sir Francis Dashwood, has earned 
 an ill name in history for profanity and profligacy. 
 He was born in 1708, and spent the early years of 
 his manhood in foreign travel, during which he 
 acquired a European reputation for his pranks 
 and adventures. Bred in the school of Bolingbroke 
 and Voltaire, he practised a contempt for piety 
 and religion, which led him to the furthest ex- 
 treme in the opposite direction. He roamed from 
 court to court in search of notoriety. In Russia 
 he masqueraded as Charles XII, and in that un- 
 suitable character aspired to be the lover of the 
 Tsarina Anne. In Italy his outrages on religion 
 and morality led to his expulsion from the dominions 
 of the Church. On his return to England he 
 scandalized his contemporaries, and obtained withal 
 a sinister immortality, by his performances as high- 
 priest of the blasphemous and indecent orgies at 
 Medmenham Abbey. In spite of this reputation 
 he was a by no means incapable or uninteresting 
 member of the House of Commons. For some 
 years he held a position in the household of Frederick, 
 Prince of Wales, and was therefore in continuous 
 hostility to the Walpole administration. When 
 the Earl of Bute became first minister, he made his 
 most fatal mistake in making Dashwood Chancellor 
 of the Exchequer. In that capacity Dashwood 
 brought in the ill-starred excise bill on cider, which 
 was the main cause of the collapse of the Bute 
 ministry. Compensated with the barony of Le 
 Despencer, to which he was co-heir through his 
 
io History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 mother, he retired to his house at West Wycombe 
 in Buckinghamshire, married a rich widow, built 
 a church as a set-off to his Medmenham escapades, 
 patronized artists, dabbled in classical architecture, 
 and finally died, old and neglected, in December, 
 1 78 1. With all his faults, let it be remembered 
 that in the House of Commons he had manfully 
 endeavoured to prevent the political murder of 
 Admiral Byng; that in the Lords, when the great 
 Earl of Chatham fell swooning to the ground, 
 Lord le Despencer was almost the only peer to 
 step forward with words of sympathy and hope ; 
 and that as Sir Francis Dashwood he had been the 
 principal founder of the Society of Dilettanti, for 
 fifty years attended its dinners and committees, 
 and supported both by counsel and money, even 
 when he did not originate, all its most successful 
 schemes and enterprises. 
 Middlesex. Charles Sackville, Earl of Middlesex, eldest son 
 of the Duke of Dorset, was born in 1711, and so 
 was barely of age at the time of the foundation 
 of the Society of Dilettanti. In 1730 he made 
 a long tour in France and Italy under the tutorship 
 of the Rev. Joseph Spence, the author of P oly metis ^ 
 who in his letters speaks highly of his young com- 
 panion's natural abilities. Middlesex was from the 
 first associated with the following of Frederick, 
 Prince of Wales, being for many years master-of-the- 
 horse in the prince's household, while his wife was 
 lady-in-waiting and principal < confidante ' to the 
 princess. He is best known for his connexion with 
 the history of opera in England. On this pursuit he 
 squandered immense sums. He eventually succeeded 
 his father as second Duke of Dorset, and died on 
 January y, 1769. Horace Walpole says of him— 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti n 
 
 f His figure was handsome, had all the reserve of his family, and 
 all the dignity of his ancestors. He was a poet too because they 
 had been poets. As little as he came near them in this talent, 
 it was what he most resembled them in, and in what he best 
 supported their honour. His passion was the direction of operas, 
 in which he had not only wasted immense sums, but had stood 
 lawsuits in Westminster Hall with some of those poor devils for 
 their salaries. The Duke of Dorset had often paid his debts, but 
 never could work on his affections, and he had at last carried his 
 disobedience so far, in complaisance to and in imitation of the 
 prince, as to oppose his father in his own boroughs.' 
 
 Simon Harcourt, born in 1714, succeeded his Harcourt. 
 father as second Viscount Harcourt in 1720. He 
 travelled for four years on the Continent, from 
 1730 to 1734. Unlike the two members already- 
 mentioned, Harcourt was attached to the household 
 of George II, whom he attended at the battle of 
 Dettingen. He held the important post of governor 
 to George III when Prince of Wales, though his 
 influence was counteracted after the king's accession 
 by that of the Earl of Bute. He was sent to 
 Germany to marry by proxy Princess Charlotte 
 of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and escort her to Eng- 
 land. Subsequently he became lord-chamberlain 
 of the household, ambassador to France, and lord- 
 lieutenant of Ireland. He was a consistent patron 
 of the arts, and died in 1777 through accidentally 
 falling into a well in his garden at Nuneham 
 Courtenay. Horace Walpole sneers at Harcourt 
 as c civil and sheepish, and only able to teach the 
 prince what he himself knew, namely, hunting and 
 drinking.' 
 
 Two others of the most prominent among the The brothers 
 original founders of the Dilettanti were the brothers Gra J- 
 James and George Gray. They were sons of Sir 
 James Gray, who was created a baronet of Scotland 
 in 1707 by Queen Anne. According to Horace 
 
ix History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Walpole, who seldom had a good word for the 
 Dilettanti set, their 'father was first a box-keeper 
 and then footman to James the Second.' In 1 744 
 Sir James Gray accompanied the Earl of Holdernesse 
 on his embassy to the Republic of Venice, and re- 
 mained there as British Resident until 1773. Lady 
 Mary Wortley Montagu, writing in 175-8, says that 
 c Sir James Gray was, as I am told, universally 
 esteemed during his residence here ; but alas ! he 
 is gone to Naples.' Gray was appointed envoy 
 extraordinary to Naples and the Two Sicilies in 1 75-4, 
 and resided there many years. He took a prominent 
 part in the discoveries at Herculaneum, and in the 
 whole progress of classical research and excavation. 
 He was in 1761 appointed envoy to the Court of 
 Spain, and created a Knight of the Bath, but the 
 outbreak of war prevented his taking up his residence 
 at Madrid till 1766. He was created a Privy 
 Councillor in November, 1769, and died in London 
 unmarried in January, 1773. Although absent from 
 England for most of the years of his membership 
 of the Society of Dilettanti, Gray was one of the 
 most useful and active of its members. His position 
 at Venice and Naples brought him into contact with 
 many of the young men whose travels and tastes 
 qualified them for membership, and the Society 
 looked to him to supply candidates for admission. 
 His younger brother George Gray served with 
 distinction in the army, and eventually attained the 
 rank of major-general and became colonel of the 
 37th Foot. He was deeply interested in, and 
 unfailingly assisted, all schemes of classical and anti- 
 quarian research. He was to the Society of Dilettanti 
 in England what his brother Sir James Gray was to 
 it abroad. He had some distinction as an amateur 
 
COLONEL GEORGE GRAY 
 
History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 1 3 
 
 artist, and is said to have designed Lord Spencer's 
 house in the Green Park. He was Secretary and 
 Treasurer of the Society for thirty-three years, from 
 1738 to 1 771. On the death of his brother he 
 succeeded to the baronetcy, but only survived him 
 a few weeks, dying in London in February, 1773. 
 
 William Ponsonby, born in 1704, was eldest son of w.Vonsonby. 
 Brabazon Ponsonby, second Viscount Duncannon and 
 afterwards first Earl of Bessborough. He travelled 
 a great deal on the Continent and in the East until 
 1739, an d on his return took his place as a leader 
 of taste and fashion, and in public life served as 
 a Lord of the Treasury and as Postmaster-General. 
 He became Viscount Duncannon in 1739 on n ^ s 
 father's elevation to the earldom, and succeeded 
 his father as earl in i7y8. As a collector of 
 objects of art and antiquity he was one of the 
 earliest and the most active in the country. He 
 died in 1793. 
 
 Richard Grenville was a prominent member of R. Gren- 
 the family clique of Pitts and Grenvilles who ruled Vllle - 
 England for so long a time. The brother-in-law 
 of the great Earl of Chatham, he filled numerous 
 important posts in the government, and his life 
 belongs to the history of his country. Born in 
 1 71 1, he was but little over twenty-one years of 
 age at the time of the foundation of the Society, in 
 which at first he seems to have played a leading 
 part. * Squire Gawky,' as his contemporaries nick- 
 named him, became Earl Temple on the death of 
 his mother in 17 5 2, and died in 1779. 
 
 Among the most active of the early members of ^T? r 
 the Society of Dilettanti were John Howe of Han- Benny] 
 slope in Buckinghamshire (born in 1707, died in strode, 
 1769), and Thomas Archer, who was created a peer SewalUs 
 
 yn 9 r Shirley. 
 
14 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 in 1747 and died in 1768. Archer lived at Umber- 
 slade, near Stratford-upon-Avon, and in London was 
 conspicuous as a great dispenser of hospitality. 
 William Denny, a noted man of fashion, was appointed 
 to the governorship of Pennsylvania in i7j5, a post 
 which was intended, no doubt, to be a lucrative sine- 
 cure, but turned out otherwise. Serious hostility was 
 shown to him as governor, and he was superseded in 
 175-9. General William Strode was known as a 
 faithful friend and ally of the Duke of Cumberland, 
 and the donor of the unfortunate statue of the duke 
 which stood for a long time in Cavendish Square. 
 Sewallis Shirley, a younger son of Earl Ferrers, born 
 in 1709, was notorious among the reckless and 
 profligate young men of fashion of his day ; among 
 other notorious affairs of gallantry, he had relations 
 with the celebrated Lady Vane (the 'Lady of 
 Quality 9 whose adventures are recorded by Smollett 
 in Peregrine Pickle), and later with Margaret Rolle, the 
 rich widowed Countess of Orford, Horace Walpole's 
 sister-in-law, to whose pranks and gallantries many 
 allusions will be found in her brother-in-law's letters 
 and memoirs. Shirley, whose connexion with the 
 latter lady was for a time blessed by marriage, was 
 none the less a member of Parliament and comp- 
 troller of the household to Queen Charlotte, and 
 died in 176$ without having outlived his reputation. 
 
 Daniel Boone, son of Charles Boone, governor of 
 Bombay, was a wealthy member of the East India 
 Company. He married a rich heiress, became a 
 member of Parliament and clerk of the household 
 to the Princess of Wales, and was moreover a con- 
 fidential friend of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and 
 therefore of the party opposed to the administration 
 of Sir Robert Walpole. Sir Henry Liddell, Baronet, 
 
HON. SEWALLIS SHIRLEY. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 15- 
 
 afterwards created Baron Ravens worth, is perhaps 
 best known as the father of Horace Walpole's 
 friend, the Countess of Upper Ossory, whilom 
 Duchess of Grafton. William Fauquier was a 
 director of the South Sea Company, and eventually 
 became registrar and secretary of the Order of the 
 Bath ; he was very active in promoting the work 
 of the Dilettanti Society, of which he was Secretary 
 from 1771 to 1774, an d died in 1788. Henry 
 Harris acted as High Steward of the Society from 
 1736 onwards ; he was a protege' of Sir Thomas 
 Winnington, who was for a time Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer, and obtained from him a profitable post 
 as Commissioner of Wine Licences. Harris is best 
 known outside the Society of Dilettanti as a friend 
 and correspondent of Sir Charles Hanbury Williams ; 
 he died in 1773. Robert Dingley was a London 
 merchant, an amateur architect and artist, and a 
 collector of works of art; he was put forward at 
 one time to fight Wilkes in the Middlesex election, 
 but has some real claim to distinction as one of the 
 founders of the Magdalen Hospital in London ; he 
 died at Lamb Abbey, Chiselhurst, in 1 7 8 1 . Sir 
 Hugh Smithson gained high social promotion for 
 himself and his descendants through his marriage 
 with the heiress of the duchy of Northumberland 
 and his subsequent elevation to the dukedom. 
 He was regarded also as one of the handsomest men 
 of his day. Perhaps a stronger claim to historical 
 recognition lies in the fact that he was the father 
 of an illegitimate son, who went to America and 
 became the founder of the celebrated Smithsonian 
 Institution at Boston, U.S.A. 1 
 
 1 Sir Hugh Smithson, Mr. Howe, Mr. Bellingham Boyle, and 
 Viscount Midleton, members of the Dilettanti, appear as members 
 
1 6 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 The diplomatists who appear as original members 
 of the Society of Dilettanti were all distinguished 
 in their careers, though their residence abroad natur- 
 ally disabled them from taking any part in the 
 regular proceedings of the Society. Sir Charles 
 Hanbury Williams, the famous wit and satirist, spent 
 nearly all his life abroad as envoy to Dresden, 
 Berlin, or St. Petersburg. His letters, however, show 
 that he never lost his interest in the Society. 
 Mention has already been made of the services 
 rendered to that body by Sir James Gray. Sir Andrew 
 Mitchell achieved real distinction as envoy to the 
 Court of Prussia, inasmuch as he was one of the 
 few people who gained the confidence of that 
 eccentric monarch, Frederick II. Thomas Villiers, 
 second son of the Earl of Jersey, had a long and 
 remarkable career in diplomacy, and was created 
 successively Baron Hyde and Earl of Clarendon ; 
 he died in 178*5, having bequeathed to his descen- 
 dants a hereditary aptitude for the transaction of 
 foreign affairs. 
 
 The two members who became distinguished as 
 prelates of the Church naturally took but little 
 part in the convivial meetings of the Society. 
 Arthur Smyth, son of the Bishop of Limerick, 
 travelled for some time abroad after leaving Oxford, 
 for a time in the company of the Earl of Middlesex j 
 he became successively Dean of Raphoe and of 
 Derry, Bishop of Clonfert, of Down, and of Meath, 
 and eventually Archbishop of Dublin and Primate 
 of Ireland, and died in 1 77 1 , Robert Hay, second 
 
 of a small dining society, called c The Harry the Fifth ' or c The 
 Gang/ presided over by Frederick, Prince of Wales, of which 
 there is a portrait-group, painted by C. Philips, in the corridor at 
 Windsor Castle. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 17 
 
 son of the Earl of Kinnoul, similarly went through 
 a course of travel on leaving Oxford, and became 
 successively Bishop of St. Asaph and of Salisbury, 
 and eventually Archbishop of York, dying in 1776. 
 Joseph Spence, another of the original members, 
 owed his election to the circumstance that he had 
 travelled as governor to the Earl of Middlesex, and 
 later also to the Earl of Lincoln. He was Pro- 
 fessor of Poetry and afterwards Regius Professor 
 of Modern History in Oxford, a friend and corre- 
 spondent of Pope, and is well known as the author 
 of Polymetis and the Anecdotes. He died at Byfleet in 
 Surrey, in August, 1768. These were among the more 
 remarkable of the earliest members of the Society 
 of Dilettanti. Others, such as Colonel Degge, Sir 
 Brownlow Sherard, Viscount Boyne, Viscount Galway, 
 Mr. E. Clarke, Sir L. Pilkington, appear in the 
 minute-books as active members, but their share in 
 the proceedings is less defined. The names mentioned 
 will show that, although the early meetings may 
 have been convivial and perhaps uproarious, the 
 members were for the most part men of education 
 and distinction, and included several who were of 
 real importance in the history of the country. 
 
 To the above must be added a few names of members Sandwich. 
 who took an active and leading part in the early 
 proceedings of the Society, although they were not 
 elected until after 17 36, the date of the earliest 
 extant list. These were the Earl of Sandwich, the 
 Duke of Bedford, Mr. Thomas Brand, and the Earl 
 of Holdernesse. John Montagu, fourth Earl of 
 Sandwich, has been beyond doubt one of the best- 
 abused men of his century. He was born in 171 8, 
 and succeeded to the peerage at the age of eleven. 
 After a course of education at Eton and Trinity 
 
 c 
 
1 8 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 College, Cambridge, he went in 1738 for a tour in 
 the Mediterranean and the Greek Archipelago under 
 the tutorship of the Rev. J. Cooke, who in 1799, 
 after Sandwich's death, published an account of the 
 journey. It was during this voyage that Sandwich 
 acquired that interest in art and antiquities which 
 made him afterwards so useful and energetic a 
 member of the Society of Dilettanti. His public 
 life as a statesman forms one of the chapters of the 
 naval history of Great Britain. He was the British 
 plenipotentiary at the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle in 
 1748. He encouraged and supported the expedi- 
 tions of Captain Cook, and the name of the 
 Sandwich Islands, given to the Hawaiian group in 
 the Pacific Archipelago, has immortalized his memory 
 in those seas. The familiar article of diet known 
 by his name is said to owe it to the hurried meals 
 he was in the habit of snatching amidst the incessant 
 cares of his post at the Admiralty. The fame, or 
 rather the ill-fame, of Sandwich rests upon the 
 scandal caused by his conduct in private life, on 
 which posterity has loved to dwell to the exclusion 
 of any redeeming qualities. Associated with Dash- 
 wood and Wilkes in the infamous orgies at 
 Medmenham, Sandwich gained an unenviable reputa- 
 tion and the nickname of 6 Jemmy Twitcher ' by his 
 attack on Wilkes in the House of Lords. The 
 murder of his mistress, Miss Ray, by the Rev. J. 
 Hackman, brought fresh odium on his head, though 
 Sandwich's own behaviour to the lady seems to 
 have been without discredit. The powerful and 
 scurrilous invectives of Churchill remain to com- 
 memorate the odium which his conduct brought 
 upon him. But Sandwich was a man who cared 
 little for the opinion of others. As a patron 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 19 
 
 of art, music, athletics, cricket, tennis, field sports, 
 theatricals, racing, and gambling, and as a man 
 of wit and pleasant conversation, he occupies a 
 peculiar position in the history of his time. His 
 capacity for work of all sorts was incredible. 
 Posterity has judged him entirely by his vices. 
 But the Society of Dilettanti cannot fail to remember 
 that it was to him and Dashwood — men stamped by 
 their enemies as 
 
 c Too infamous to have a friend, 
 Too bad for bad men to commend' — 
 
 that it owes the inception and success of the 
 principal schemes on which its reputation is based. 
 
 Sandwich was an intimate friend of John Russell, Bedford, 
 fourth Duke of Bedford, and exercised a great ^^ ne 
 influence over the duke. Bedford, born in 171 o, r 
 succeeded his brother as duke in 1732, and was 
 a leading politician all his life. The Bedford party 
 was a power in the State. He served also as lord- 
 lieutenant of Ireland and ambassador to France. 
 Horace Walpole, who had a private quarrel with 
 Bedford, describes him as £ a man of inflexible 
 honesty and goodwill to his country ; his foible 
 being speaking on every subject and imagining he 
 understood it. J He was a little man with an im- 
 petuous but refined manner, and very popular — the 
 very reverse of Sandwich, whose manners were 
 extravagant and rough. Thomas Brand, of the 
 Hoo in Hertfordshire, was a member of the Bedford 
 party in Parliament. He formed an important 
 collection of classical antiquities. Robert Darcy, 
 Earl of Holdernesse, born in 171 8, did not join 
 the Society till May, 1747, when he was ambassador 
 to the Signiory of Venice. He had been a lord 
 of the bedchamber to George II, and attended the 
 
 C 2 
 
20 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 king at the battle of Dettingen. After serving 
 for some years in diplomacy he became a Secretary 
 of State, and subsequently held important posts in 
 the household, acting as governor to the Prince of 
 Wales from 1771 to 1776. He had a house at Sion 
 Hill, Isleworth, where he entertained much society. 
 Horace Walpole says of him that his c talents were 
 not above mediocrity, but that he was taciturn and 
 dexterous enough, and most punctual in the execution 
 of his orders ' ; also, that < his passion for directing 
 operas and masquerades was rather thought a con- 
 tradiction to his gravity than below his understand- 
 ing, which was so very moderate that no relations of 
 his own exploits would, not a little since before, have 
 been sooner credited than his being a Secretary of 
 State.' Holdernesse married a Dutch lady, and died 
 in 1778. 
 
 other Among other and apparently less active members 
 
 members wno joined the Society before i7yo, are not a few 
 before \^o. ^Qgg names rank, high in the political and social 
 history of the country. Such were Thomas Coke, 
 the great collector, created Earl of Leicester in 1 744 ; 
 Evelyn Pierrepoint, Duke of Kingston, who is less 
 remembered on his own account than on that of his 
 wife, the beautiful and bigamous Elizabeth Chud- 
 leigh ; William, second Earl Cowper, F.R.S. ; Charles 
 Wyndham, afterwards second Earl of Egremont ; 
 Lewis and Thomas Watson, afterwards respectively 
 second and third Earls of Rockingham ; William 
 Wildman, second Viscount Barrington, afterwards 
 Secretary of War and Chancellor of the Exchequer j 
 George Montagu, Lord Sunbury, well known later as 
 Earl of Halifax and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ; Nor- 
 borne Berkeley, who successfully claimed the ancient 
 barony of Botetourt, and later obtained the governor- 
 
EARL OF HOLDERNESSE 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 21 
 
 ship of Virginia, where he hoped to realize a fortune, 
 but found instead a childless grave ; Welbore Ellis, 
 afterwards Lord Mendip, a prominent and active 
 politician ; William, Marquess of Hartington, after- 
 wards Duke of Devonshire and Prime Minister ; 
 Henry Bilson Legge, afterwards Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer j the notorious political turn-coat and 
 place-hunter, Bubb Dodington, who was also some- 
 thing of a Maecenas and patron of art and poetry ; 
 and lastly, Dick Edgcumbe, well known as a wit, 
 versifier and draughtsman, who was solemnly 
 appointed < Bard ' to the Society, and who derives 
 a real title to the gratitude of friends of art from 
 the fact that he was one of the first to recognize 
 the powers of Reynolds. Scotland sent Kenneth 
 Mackenzie, de jure Earl of Seaforth ; Mr. John 
 Ross Mackyej and the amiable and ill-fated Lord 
 Deskfoord, heir to the earldom of Findlater and 
 Seafield. Of the last-named Horace Walpole writes 
 to Harry Conway in 1 740 : c Harry, you saw Lord 
 Deskfoord at Geneva ; don't you like him > He 
 is a mighty sensible man. There are few young 
 people have so good understandings. He is mighty 
 grave, and so are you ; but you can both be pleasant 
 when you have a mind.' But poor Lord Deskfoord's 
 gravity and good understandings had no better end 
 than melancholy and suicide. The fact that military 
 and naval eminence began at the same time to be 
 represented at the Society's board by the presence 
 of heroes such as Granby, Anson, and Rodney, 
 may be taken as farther illustrating the variety of 
 the social elements from which the Dilettanti were 
 from early days, and have ever since continued to 
 be, recruited. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 Practices 
 and regula- 
 tions of the 
 Society. 
 
 Places, 
 dates, and 
 hours of 
 meeting. 
 
 Practices and regulations of the Society — Places, dates, and 
 hours of meeting — The President : his toga and curule 
 chair — The Secretary and Treasurer — The High 
 Steward — The Arch-Master and his insignia — The 
 Regalia: Bacchus s Tomb, the Ballot-Box, Seal, and 
 Ifikstand — Dining practices : forfeits and fines — 
 Convivial excesses — Toasts — Election practices : 
 qualification, admission, abdication — Committees and 
 quorums. 
 
 SO much as is known concerning the origin 
 of the Society of Dilettanti having been set 
 forth in the preceding chapter, and brief 
 notes having been added as to the character and 
 individuality of some among the most conspicuous 
 of its early members, the next step is to give such 
 account of the constitution, practices, rules, and 
 regulations of the Society as can be gathered from 
 the official minutes kept during the first half-century 
 of its existence. The text of these minutes has 
 a character and quaintness of its own, which makes 
 it seem desirable to quote them in most instances 
 verbatim. 
 
 The first meeting of the Society of which a regular 
 record is kept appears to have taken place at the 
 Bedford Head Tavern in Covent Garden on March , 
 1736, for it was then ord red 
 
 f That the L d Boyne, M r . How, S r . James Gray, S r Francis 
 Dashwood, M r . Gray, M r . Degge, S r Hugh Smithson, M r . Archer, 
 S r Brownlow Sherrard, M r . Whitmore, M r . Denny, or any five 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 members of the Society, do meet at the Bedford Head on Sunday 
 next to enter the Minutes now in loose Papers regularly in a Book 
 (T. Archer, President). 5 
 
 It was from this date that the present series of 
 red morocco minute-books was commenced. 
 
 The meeting-place seems to have been by no 
 means fixed, for on February 4, 1 7 3 9, it was ordered 
 
 c That the Society meet no longer at the Bedford Head/ 
 and 
 
 c Resolved that the next meeting be at the Fountain in the 
 Strand/ 
 
 A further change was made on March tf, 174*, 
 when it was 
 
 ' Resolv'd that the Society do adjourn their next meeting in 
 April to the Star and Garter in Pall Mall/ 
 
 In February, 1 74A it was ordered 
 
 'That the s d Committee do meet on Saturday the 18th at the 
 King's Arms in Pail-Mall ' j 
 
 and on May 1, 17^7, it was again ordered 
 
 ' That the Society do meet in December next at the Star and 
 Garter in Pall Mall/ 
 
 and 
 
 'That the Regalia of the Society be removed from the King's 
 Arms, Westminster/ 
 
 In February, 176$, it was ordered 
 
 ' That the next meeting of the Society be at Mr. Almack's in 
 King Street/ 
 
 The first rule of the Society is as follows : — 
 
 That the members of the Dilettanti meet the first Sunday in 
 the month beginning the first Sunday in December and ending the 
 first Sunday in May/ 
 
 The meetings of the Society were thus fixed to 
 take place on the first Sunday in every month 
 
X4 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 from December to May, but in December, 175^7, 
 the January meeting was postponed to the second 
 Sunday in that month ; and on May 20, 1 78 1, it was 
 resolved 
 
 c That it appears by experience to be for the advantage of the 
 Society that the meetings be held twice in a month instead of once, 
 that therefore the regulation for so doing be continued for the 
 ensuing year/ 
 
 But this was rescinded on March 5, 1784, when the 
 Society reverted to c their original institution.' The 
 season during which the meetings were held was after- 
 wards changed : February to July being appointed 
 instead of December to May: and this is the 
 arrangement which holds at the present day. At 
 the date of the foundation of the Society and 
 for many years afterwards, the hour for dining was 
 considerably earlier than at present. Among the 
 early resolutions of the Society are these of 
 February 4, 1739: 
 
 ' Ordered that the money for the Dinners be collected at the 
 first meeting of every year. 
 
 c Resolved that no business be transacted till after dinner/ 
 
 On April 1 741, in consequence of a resolution, 
 
 *That M r . Gage haveing left the soci. without leave of the 
 President and contrary to a known and ancient custom be censured, 
 it not being seven a clock,' 
 
 it was ordered 
 
 c That it be a standing Rule of this Society That the President do 
 call for the Bill at seven a clock (if business will permit) and that he 
 do positively without fail call for it at eight' • 
 
 and further ordered 
 
 c That no one be so disrespectfull as to go away before the bill 
 is called for, without leave publickly asked from and obtained 
 of the President/ 
 
 In April, 1767, a fine of one guinea was inflicted 
 for a breach of the latter order. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 25- 
 
 The President was chosen in rotation from the 
 number of members present, the rule being at first 
 
 c That every Member be oblig'd to officiate as President accord- 
 ing to his Order on the List of Names contain'd in the Book/ 
 
 and 
 
 £ That the Member whose turn it is to officiate as President not 
 being present, the next upon the List then present is to officiate 
 for that Meeting (provided he has been Six Meetings in the Society) 
 and the absent Member or Members who mist their turns be oblig'd 
 to officiate according to their Order upon the List the next time 
 they appear at the Society/ 
 
 At first the office was compulsory, but on Decem- 
 ber 4, 1742, it was resolved 
 
 * That any member shall have power to Decline the office of 
 President upon the Penalty of one Guinea and his name be mark'd 
 as if he had actually officiated that time.' 
 
 By a minute of May tf, 1739, it was resolved 
 
 1 That it is necessary that there be an Alteration in the dress 
 of the President'; 
 
 and on February 1, 1747, 
 
 c That a Roman dress is thought necessary for the President 
 of the Society.' 
 
 This having been discussed in committee, the Society 
 on March 1, 174°, 
 
 £ Agreed with the Committee as to model of the Roman dress, 
 disagreed with them as to the Colour being crimson. Resolved that 
 it should be of Scarlet,' 
 
 and further resolved 
 
 * That the President puts on the Roman dress when the Books 
 are open'd,' 
 
 and 
 
 * That the President Quits the Roman dress when he leaves the 
 Chair and not before.' 
 
 The 
 
 President : 
 his toga 
 and curule 
 chair. 
 
i<5 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 This scarlet toga, in whose folds the President 
 even at the present day sits enveloped, seems to have 
 been from the first an irksome addition to the office. 
 As early as December 6, 1741, a motion was made 
 
 ' That S r J. Gray for the high Misdemeanour committed during 
 his second Presidentship in neglecting the insignia of the Office 
 be now publickly reprimanded by the President and advised to take 
 care of his behaviour for the future, and he was reprimanded 
 accordingly.' 
 
 The arrangement of the folds of the President's 
 toga was a subject of care and the duty of the 
 Painter to the Society, for in March, 1778, 
 
 £ The Painter of the Society [Sir Joshua Reynolds] was repre- 
 manded for not sending the Toga to the Committee nor coming 
 Himself as desired by the Society ' ; 
 
 and in March, 1 7 8 o, a motion was made 
 
 'That M r . Steward be desired to undertake to have the folds 
 of the Toga newly arranged which have been derang'd by the ill 
 Taste of the Painter with whom it had been intrusted.' 
 
 A still direr tragedy connected with the history 
 of the toga is recorded in the Society's minute- 
 books as follows : 
 
 c April 18, 1750. The Toga not being Found in the House the 
 Duke of Norfolk was desird by the Society to Lend his Robes for 
 the Use of the President, which his Grace having been pleasd 
 to assent the Robes were accordingly brought and the President 
 arrangd therein.' 
 
 ' Resolvd that secreting the Toga belonging to the Society is 
 a high crime of misdemeenor. That all such as shall be convicted 
 of being concernd in secreting the said Toga shall be considerd 
 as guilty of high crimes and misdemeenors. That a committee be 
 appointed to enquire into the mode in which the Toga of this 
 Society has been secreted and to draw up Articles of impeachment 
 against all such delinquents as shall be suspected of being principals 
 or accessories in secreting the same. That the said Committee do 
 meet at this house on the second of May next, and that the Duke 
 of Norfolk E.M., the Earl of Sandwich and R. P. Knight Esqre. do 
 attend in their places, and that the Sec. do order Stone the Taylor 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 who is suspected of having the Toga in his Poscssion to attend 
 at the Bar.' 
 
 c June 6, 175)0. Mr. Stone attended with the new Toga and 
 tried it upon the chairman, orderd that the new Toga be referrd 
 back to R. P. Knight Esq.' 
 
 From these entries a great crime may be suspected, 
 namely, that the two noble peers and the gentleman 
 mentioned were guilty of making away with the 
 old toga and causing it to disappear. By a minute 
 of March 4, 1 7 3!, it was ordered 
 
 c That a Chaire be made for the use and Dignity of the 
 PresdV 
 
 This chair is elsewhere alluded to as the f Sella 
 Curulis.' The following bills in connexion with it 
 are still preserved by the Society : — 
 
 Sir Brownlow Sherrard, Bart. 
 1739. Debt to Elka Haddock. 
 
 May y e <j. To a mahogany compass seat elboe chair, 
 covering do. with crimson velvet and 
 a mahogy pedestal to do. with castors . £\ 10 o 
 
 Received the full contents of this bill. 
 
 Per Elka Haddock. 
 
 and 
 
 Sir Brownlow Sherrard 
 
 Bought of John Atkinson and Co. 
 4§ yds. richest crimson Genoa velvet, z6s. . £<$ 1 3 9 
 
 The duties of Secretary and Treasurer had neces- The 
 sarily to be discharged for the Society from the Secretary 
 beginning. In the history of the Dilettanti these a ^f easure) 
 offices have sometimes been united in the hands of one 
 member, and sometimes held separately. The office 
 of Treasurer (or Steward) was discharged at first by 
 Mr. Henry Harris \ that of Secretary from 1738 to 
 1 77 1 by Colonel George Gray. On February 7, 
 1 74^, it was resolved 
 
i8 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 * That there be a proper dress for the Secretary of the Society for 
 the time being/ 
 
 and on March 7 following, 
 
 c That the dress of the Secretary be according to the dress of 
 Machiavelli the celebrated Florentine Secretary/ 
 
 and 
 
 c That S r F. Dashwood and S r J. Gray do prepare the said dress 
 against the next meeting of the Society/ 
 
 The High On March 7, i74f, after the establishment of the 
 steward. General Fund, it was resolved 
 
 e That an officer be appointed with title of High Steward to 
 inspect the Oeconomy of the Society at their several meetings and to 
 collect the contributions of the members towards increasing the 
 general fund, and that in his absence he be empowered to appoint 
 a deputy by letter.' 
 
 ' Ordered that M r . Harris be desired to except the office of high 
 steward which he accepted of.' 
 
 At the same time it was resolved 
 
 e That a dress is thought necessary for the High Steward & 
 that the said dress be referred to the consideration of the 
 Committee.' 
 
 It does not appear that this dress was ever decided 
 upon, though on April 4, 1742, it was ordered 
 
 ( That a short staff or Baton of Command be part of the High 
 Steward's mark of office.' 
 
 c That M r . High Steward Harris and S r F. Dashwood do pre- 
 pare a proper baton of office for High Steward.' 
 
 And on February j-, 174^, it was resolved 
 
 c That it is the opinion of this Society that a small Bacchus 
 bestriding a Tun with a silver chain be wore by the Very High 
 Steward.' 
 
 It had been ordered on May r, 1743, 
 
 i That Mr. High Steward Harris has for future the Denomination 
 of Very High Steward.' 
 
 The office of ' Very High ' seems to have lapsed 
 for a time, for on February 1, 1778, it was ordered 
 
 * That the Office of Very High be Revived and that Mr. Banks 
 
History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 29 
 
 be requested to accept the same. He accordingly accepted it to 
 the full extent of the original Institution of Ann. Non. Soc.,' 
 
 a dress being also suggested again to denote the 
 office. 
 
 On May 2, 1742, it was ordered 
 
 * That for the more decent Introduction of new members & 
 for other ceremonious purposes it is very necessary there shou'd be 
 appointed an Arch-Master of the Ceremonies/ 
 
 and it was moved 
 
 e That the Right Honle. the Earl of Sandwich shou'd be 
 appointed Arch master of the Ceremonies, and Fie was accordingly 
 appointed and accepted of the said office/ 
 
 On March d, i74|, it was ordered 
 
 'That the Committee appointed for Thursday the roth March 
 do take into consideration the manner of apparelling the Arch- 
 Master of the Society ' ; 
 
 and on February j-, 1 74^, it was resolved 
 
 c That a long Crimson Taffeta Robe full pleated with a rich 
 Hungarian cap and a long Spanish Toledo be the properest dress 
 to dignify the Arch-Master/ 
 
 The following bill is preserved among the archives 
 of the Society : — 
 
 Mr. Knapton. 
 
 Bt. of Ridley Tanner. 
 
 1 Feb. ao yards and \ crimson sarsnet, at zs. \d 
 4 yards and \ gold figuered orris, at <$s 
 4 yards scarlet cloth for the belt 
 To a crimson tassell etc. . 
 Making the dress 
 A scarlet cloth hussar's cap 
 1 March. A sword, gilding etc., 
 
 4 yards crimson sarsnet, at zs. q.d, 
 z silk tasseels, cord, and binding 
 Altering the cap, fur, etc., 
 Altering the dress 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 z 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 z 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 z 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 z 
 
 0 
 
 £9 
 
 0 
 
 1 1 
 
 The Arch- 
 Master and 
 his insignia. 
 
go History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Received the above on March and, 1 74^, in full for the above 
 bill £9 6. o. Geo. Knapton. 
 
 Buckle, is. 
 
 This seems to have excited the irrepressible levity 
 of Sandwich, for at the same time it was ordered 
 
 £ That the L d Sandwich the present Arch Master be suspended 
 from his office for his misbehaviour to and contempt of the Society,' 
 
 and 
 
 c That S r Fra a Dashwood be requested by the Presid 4 to accept 
 the office of Arch Master, which he did.' 
 
 The Arch-master's dress was entrusted to Knapton, 
 the Painter, and to Dashwood ; and on May 1, 1748, 
 it was resolved 
 
 4 That M r . Savage be requested to accept of the Function of 
 Arch Master of the Ceremonies for the year Ensuing, and he 
 accepted it accordingly.' 
 
 ' That the Arch Master of the Ceremonies has Liberty to go to 
 any Creditable Masquerade in the Robes of his Office.' 
 
 Lord Sandwich seems to have repented of his 
 misbehaviour, for on February y, 17^4, it was 
 resolved 
 
 * That the thanks of the Society be returnd to L d Sandwich 
 for his magnificent benevolence in presenting to the Society 
 a Baudrier embossd and embroiderd with Gold for the Decoration 
 of the Person of the Archmaster.' 
 
 The office was at first elective, but on May tf, i7yo, 
 it was ordered 
 
 * That the President shall be empower'd to name an Arch 
 Master at every meeting who upon refusal to serve shall forfeit one 
 Guinea, but that the President shall not name the same Person 
 a second time till each member present has served or forfeited ' • 
 
 and again on March 3, 1757, lt was ordered 
 
 £ That the office of Arch-Master of the Ceremonies be executed 
 by Rotation, and that any member shall be excused serving upon 
 the forfeiture of half a Guinea '; 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 3 1 
 
 and eventually in December, 17 66, 
 
 c That the youngest member present (provided he has been six 
 meetings of the Society) do act as Arch-Master or forfeit half-a- 
 guinea to the General Fund, and that then the next youngest 
 member do act, liable to the same forfeiture on non-compliance.' 
 
 A few words are necessary concerning the so-called The 
 4 regalia ' of the Society. As has been stated before, ¥ff a J 
 a minute-book was not kept until March 6, 1736, Tomb the 
 when the still existing series of red morocco volumes Ballot-Box^ 
 was commenced. It was not until April 1, 1744, S j ea ^ f aK j 
 that a separate vellum-bound book was provided 71 an 
 for entering the minutes of the Committees of the 
 Society, which met for the transaction of business 
 on other days than those appointed for the dinners. 
 On March 6, 1736, when the regular minute-books 
 were first ordered, it was also ordered 
 
 * That a Box be made for the use of the Society/ 
 
 and 
 
 ' That the said box and the ornaments thereof be left to the 
 direction of S r James Gray, which at the request of the Society he 
 consented to.' 
 
 On May 1, 1737, it was ordered 
 
 c That fifteen guineas be paid to Mr. Adye for carving and 
 ornamenting the Box, which was done accordingly out of the forfeit 
 money.' 
 
 Mr. Thomas Adye was then appointed c Scultore 
 to this Society,' and it was also ordered 
 
 ' That a Committee be appointed to meet on Sunday the 1 5th 
 of May to transfer Books, papers, and money from the old Box 
 to Bacchus's Tomb.' 
 
 A balloting-box was ordered on the same occasion, 
 Mr. Knapton to provide the design and Mr. Adye 
 to execute it. On May 7, 1738, it is recorded that 
 
 < It is the opinion of this Society that the Tomb of Bacchus and 
 the Balloting- Box ought to be engraved on copperplates' ; 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 but this laudable desire does not appear to have been 
 carried out. On the same day it was ordered 
 
 c That the Lid of Bacchus's Tomb be ornamented and that the 
 Ornaments thereof be left to the Tast and direction of M r . Knapton 
 and that the Tomb be left with him for that purpose ' ; 
 
 and 
 
 c That cases be made for the Tomb and Balloting-Box and that 
 the direction of the same be left to M r . Knapton.' 
 
 The following bill has been preserved : — 
 
 1739. J an * 7* The Honble. Society of Dely-tentos. 
 
 Dr. to Thos. Adey. 
 
 For carving the top of Bacchus' Tomb, with 
 
 sculpture and ornaments of fouldige . . £11 11 o 
 For a case for the Balloting Box . . . 1 1 1 6 
 
 £iz ix 6 (sic) 
 
 Feb. 8. Reed, the Contents. ~~ 
 Per. Thos. Adey. 
 
 On April 1, 1739, it was resolved 
 
 * That the thanks of this Society be returned to Mr. Ponsonby 
 for his great Generosity in presenting the Society with Ballotting 
 Balls and Bag.' 
 
 The ornament for the top of Bacchus's Tomb, as 
 the box for containing the books of the Society was 
 henceforth called, was not executed till some time 
 after, for on April 1, 1744, it is recorded that 
 
 £ Pursuant to an order of the Society of April Ann : Soc : Sex : 
 That an Ornament is necessary for the Top of Bacchus's Tomb, 
 Resolved that it is the opinion of the Society that a Bacchus is 
 a proper ornament for the same and that the Sculptor of the Society 
 be directed to execute.' 
 
 The inspection of this was delegated to Sir John 
 Rawdon, Mr. Knapton, and Mr. Fauquier, and on 
 February 3, i74j, there is recorded: 
 
 c Paid to M r . Adye Ten guineas (out of the forfeit money) for 
 
BACCH US'S 
 
 TOMB 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 3 3 
 
 having gott executed the Bacchus for the top of the Tomb in Ivory 
 to the satisfaction of the Society.' 
 
 A further adornment was subsequently deemed 
 necessary, for on December 7, 1767, it was proposed 
 and agreed, 
 
 ' That as Bacchus's backside appeared bare, there should be some 
 covering provided for it.' 
 
 Mr. Revett was therefore requested to prepare 
 a design, which was approved by the Society in 
 February, 176%, when it was resolved 
 
 c That Mr. Revett be desired to procure a model of the s d 
 design executed by Mr. Moser and to be produced to the Society 
 when finished.' 
 
 It does not seem as if this was ever carried out, 
 for in April, 1 7 8 o, it is recorded that 
 
 ' S r John Tayler having Presented to the Society by the Hands 
 of the Sec. a Bas Relivo in Ivory of Perseus and Andromeda, 
 orderd that the Thanks of the Soc. be given to S r John Tayler 
 for his generous benefaction. A motion was made that S r John 
 Tayler's benefaction seeming to be nine inches long be proper to be 
 applied to Bacchus's back — ' 
 
 This application was entrusted to Mr. Stuart under 
 pain of a forfeit, but on amendment the name of 
 Mr. (afterwards Sir Joseph) Banks was substituted. 
 On May 4, 1740, it was resolved 
 
 'That it is necessary a publick Seal be made for the use of the 
 Society,' 
 
 and a committee was appointed to consider a proper 
 form and device for the said seal. On March 7, 174^, 
 
 ' The Question being put to agree with the Committee in 
 a resolution that the Device of the Great Seal of the Society be 
 a Consular Figure in the chair with the Fasces and the inscription 
 Auctoritate Reipublicae it passed in the Negative,' 
 
 and it was ordered 
 
 ' That the figures of Minerva and Apollo be the Device of the 
 Great Seal of the Society.' 
 
 D 
 
54- History of the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 On May 2, 1742, it is recorded 
 
 s That it is the opinion of the committee that the drawing 
 of Apollo and Minerva produced by Sir Francis Dashwood bee the 
 proper Device for the great seal of the Society/ 
 
 and it was ordered 
 
 £ That the Motto for the said seal be either Virtus Dilectantium 
 or Cum Judicio Elegantia or Inter Utrumque tene or Seria Ludo,' 
 
 and 
 
 £ That Seria Ludo be the Motto.' 
 
 The device of Sir Francis Dashwood appears, how- 
 ever, to have been abandoned in favour of another, 
 for a seal, well known to the Society afterwards as 
 the « Medusa,' was ordered and purchased in March, 
 1 7 4 J, although no record appears in the minutes. 
 The following bill, however, has been preserved : — 
 
 Delivered to Mr. Napton, from Jacob Dahomel, Jeweller. 
 March 23, 174! : 
 
 A large seal of a Medusa's head in silver guilt 
 in the shape of a Mercurs cape and a caducea 
 for the handle of the seal : the cutting of 
 the stone and Jewellers' work and silver comes 
 to two guineas and a half . . . £1 1 2 6 
 
 The carving or chacer work comes to a guinea 
 
 and a half £1 \\ 6 
 
 The guilding and the chagrin casse . . £ i i o 
 
 £5 y 0 
 
 Received of the Society of Dilettanti the contents in full. 
 
 6th Jan. Geo. Knapton. 
 
 A silver standish or inkstand was procured for 
 the Society in April, 1742, by Mr. William Bristow 
 at a cost of twenty guineas, repaid him in the 
 following March. This inkstand was presented to 
 Sir Henry Englefield, Bart., on February 18, 1822, 
 when he resigned the office of Secretary. 
 Dining The dinners were paid for by a collection among 
 
 practices. 
 
IVORY RELIEF 
 
 Let into the back of " Bacchus' s Tomb 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 35- 
 
 the members present, the price being fixed at first at 
 $s. per head. The sum then collected went to pay 
 the cost of the dinner next ensuing. If this sum 
 proved insufficient for the purpose, the deficit was 
 supplied from the general fund. A forfeit of 1 os. 6d. 
 was inflicted for non-attendance of members 'if in 
 the kingdom and neglecting to send an excuse.' 
 Forfeits were also inflicted for the breach of the 
 following regulations, as recorded in the minutes : — 
 
 * April 176 7. Ordered that any member who quits the Room 
 before the Bill is paid without first obtaining leave from the 
 President do pay the sum of £1 1. o. to the General Fund.' 
 
 'April 1770. Resolved that any Member drinking to another 
 during the Time of Dinner and the Member so drank to accepting 
 the Compliment each of them to pay half-a-crown to ye General 
 Fund.' 
 
 Under this regulation in March, 1779, 
 
 c M r Langlois being convicted of hob or nobbing with S r Rich d 
 Worsley was find ....0:2:6. S r Rich d not having acknowledgd 
 the receipt of the said comp* was allowed to be innocent and 
 of course not fine able.' 
 
 'Feb. 1, 1778. Ordered that every Member who shall produce 
 upon the Table a Dish of Tea or Coffee do pay to the Gen. Fund 
 of this Society one guinea for every such Dish.' 
 
 On May 2, 1779, 
 
 ' M r Greville having producd a dish of Coffee upon the Table 
 incurrd the Penalty of one guinea but refused to pay it.' 
 
 On December 6, 1778, it is also recorded that 
 
 c L d Sandwich and Mr. Banks having calld this respectable 
 Society by the disrespectful name of Club were find a bumper each 
 which they drank with all proper humility. Lord Mulgrave do. do.' 
 
 e L d Sandwich having again calld the Society by the dis- 
 respectful name of Club was again find a bumper and again 
 respectfully submitted.' 
 
 Afterwards a fine of one guinea (reduced at a later 
 date to half a crown) was inflicted for this crime. 
 The following fine was ordered in January, 1780, viz. : 
 ' That any Member who shall make a motion in the Society 
 
3 6 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 which motion is not seconded by some other Member then present 
 do pay the sum of half-a-guinea into the Gen. Fund/ 
 
 convivial The second of the ordinances above quoted was 
 excesses. Q f some importance. Hard drinking was very much 
 in fashion at the time, and much drunkenness was 
 caused by the habit of friends toasting each other, 
 often in bumpers, the compliment being one which 
 it was considered an insult to decline. The reproach 
 of convivial excess is one which the early members 
 of the Society of Dilettanti neither could nor would 
 have chosen to disclaim. Their reputation for it 
 is shown by Horace Walpole's sneer in a letter 
 to Sir Horace Mann on April 14, 1743, where he 
 says of the Dilettanti that < the nominal qualification 
 is having been in Italy, and the real one, being 
 drunk : the two chiefs are Lord Middlesex and 
 Sir Francis Dashwood, who were seldom sober the 
 whole time they were in Italy.' Walpole's delicate 
 constitution made it impossible to indulge in these 
 excesses ; and in later years he became a martyr 
 to gout without, as it seems, having done anything to 
 deserve it. That the drunkenness of the time some- 
 times led to an open scandal is shown by the story 
 of the Calves' Head Club. On January 30, 1734, 
 a party of young men, seven of whom (Harcourt, 
 Middlesex, Boyne, Sewallis Shirley, Strode, Denny, 
 and Sir James Gray) were members of the Dilettanti, 
 met to celebrate the birthday of one of the company 
 present by a dinner at the White Eagle Tavern 
 in Suffolk Street. The disorder caused by their 
 drunken revels attracted a crowd, who were led to 
 believe that the dinner was held to commemorate 
 the execution of Charles I on that day, and that 
 a calf's head had been served at table by way 
 of ridicule. A bonfire was lit, and on the diners 
 
THE BALLOT BOX 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 37 
 
 appearing at the windows they were stoned by the 
 mob, in spite of their protestations of fidelity to 
 the Government and the king. It ended in a riot, 
 stirred up by a Catholic priest, which the newspapers 
 converted into an event of historical importance. 
 At the committee meetings of the Dilettanti Society, 
 which were held under circumstances of less ceremony 
 than the ordinary meetings, a high pitch of con- 
 viviality seems to have prevailed, for on February i 8, 
 i74|, it is recorded that 
 
 c The Committee growing a little noisy and drunk and seeming 
 to recollect that they are not quite sure whether the Report of the 
 Committee signed by Chairman and Toast-master Holdernesse 
 may not be so intelligible to the Society as the meaning of the 
 Committee have intended, etc., etc' 
 
 That the hard drinking of the time was not de- 
 leterious to life seems proved by the fact that of the 
 original members of the Society all, with but two 
 or three exceptions, lived to be well into the second 
 half-century of life. The resolution of April, 1770,, 
 against health-drinking was repealed by a minute of 
 February 13, 1791. 
 
 c The Resolution of April Ann. Soc. Trig. Sept. declaring " that 
 every member who drinks to another or accepts the Comp* of being 
 drank to during Dinner shall forfeit half a Crown " was taken into 
 consideration & after due deliberation being had it appearing 
 that little or no income had arisen from the infraction of this Rule 
 it was unanimously resolvd that it be rescinded & that in Future 
 members be at Liberty to drink to each other, & thank each other 
 for the compliment without incurring any Penalty/ 
 
 The general toasts originally proposed and adopted Toasts. 
 by the Society were Viva la Virtu, Grecian Taste and 
 Roman Spirit, and Absent Members. To these was 
 added by a minute of March 7, 1747, ^ st0 p rae ^ ara » 
 esto perpetua. On March 29, 1789, it was resolved 
 to add the toast of The King to precede all others. 
 This addition was, no doubt, due to the outburst of 
 
3 8 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 loyalty which took place when the king resumed his 
 authority, after his recovery from his first attack of 
 insanity, on March i o of the same year. A toast hardly 
 tending to edification was enjoined on the committee 
 meetings by a resolution of March 19, 1785. 
 Election New members were proposed and seconded to the 
 practices: dinners and elected by ballot. The regulation was 
 
 aualijica- J ° 
 
 tion c That no Person can be proposed to be admitted of this Society 
 
 admission but by a Member who has been personally acquainted with him or 
 
 abdication, her in Italy and at their request/ 
 
 and 
 
 'that no Person propos'd can be admitted but by the Consent of 
 more than three fourths of the Company present by Ballot.' 
 
 The first resolution was quaintly modified in March, 
 1 74I, by a resolution 
 
 'That it is the opinion of the Society that Avignon is in Italy, 5 
 
 and 
 
 ' That no other town in France is in Italy.' 
 
 Avignon was a great centre for English travellers, 
 
 the Duke of Ormonde having established a colony 
 
 of Jacobite exiles there. The member in question 
 
 seems to have been the Honourable Captain Edg- 
 
 cumbe, proposed by the Duke of Bedford, who, 
 
 f having passed the Gutt or Streigkts? was duly 
 
 elected. On January 174-y, it was moved by 
 
 Lord Sandwich, and carried nem. con. — 
 
 c That leave be given to any member of the Society Residing in 
 Italy to propose Members by Letters, to be Balloted for as if 
 present.' 
 
 ( Resolv'd Nem. Con. that this order be pass'd into a Law.' 
 
 This was to enable Sir James Gray, then Secretary 
 to the Embassy and afterwards British Resident at 
 Venice, to secure members for the Society, so to 
 speak, on the wing. In April, 1777, it was 
 resolved 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 39 
 
 'That all who can give proof of their having been ever out 
 of the King's Dominions, shall hereafter be deem'd sufficient 
 Candidates and may be elected Members of the Society ' ; 
 
 but in April, 1764, this resolution was erased as 
 contrary to the original spirit and meaning of the 
 Society, and the original rule was further amended 
 by the resolution to substitute, for the words 
 following 4 this Society,' the words — 
 
 ' Who cannot bring sufficient proof of his having been in Italy, 
 or upon some other Classic Ground out of the King's Dominions 
 and at his own request. 5 
 
 Early in 1742 it was considered necessary that a 
 diploma or parchment instrument, with the great 
 seal of the Society affixed, should accompany the 
 admission of members. On February 4, i74|, it 
 was resolved 
 
 c That it is the opinion of the Society that the Form of an 
 Instrument for the Admission of Members be as follows : — 
 To the Highly Favoured — 
 
 We the most Illustrious and vertuous Society of the Dilettanti 
 do hereby inform you to take your place in our most august 
 assembly. , President.' 
 
 And on April 1, 1744, 
 
 e That it is the opinion of the Society that a Committee of seven 
 of the most antient members of this Society be appointed to sign 
 the Diplomas to all those who are now members, and that the 
 Presid 1 do sign all those for the time to come.' 
 
 New members were obliged to take their seats 
 within the next six meetings of the Society, and 
 their introduction was conducted by the Arch- 
 Master with ceremonies partaking to some extent 
 of a masonic character. Resignation, whether 
 voluntary or incurred through inadvertent neglect 
 of the rules and usages of the Society, was styled 
 abdication, and a member was said to have abdicated 
 under the rule — 
 
 c That every Member who neglects to Come or Write Six 
 
4-o History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Meetings successively be looked upon as no longer a Member of 
 this Society and his Name be Struck out of the List accordingly. 5 
 
 The following minutes tell the story of the early 
 attempts of the Society to keep inviolate the honour 
 of being a member of the Dilettanti : 
 
 'April i, 1795). R^olved that to prevent difficulties which 
 may arise from the appearance of any former members after 
 abdication the officiating Secretary be directed to advise them 
 of their neglect according to the following form : — 
 
 S r — You having neglected to write or attend the Society 
 of the Dilettanti as their Laws require I am ordered 
 to acquaint you that you are no longer a member 
 thereof. 
 
 ' Resolved that any new elected member who shall not appear at 
 the Society within six meetings, the day of election inclusive, shall 
 be excluded. 
 
 ' Resolved that in case any person elected does not make his 
 appearance within the time before limited the person who proposed 
 him shall be obliged to pay the forfeitures incurred by his non 
 attendance/ 
 
 ' March z, 174.0. Ordered that one hundred Copies of the Letter 
 notifying Exclusion be printed in Italicks.' 
 
 ' April 1, 1744. Ordered that a printed Letter of Admonition 
 sign'd by the secretary be sent to those members who have missed 
 three times successively coming to the Gen 11 Meeting.' 
 
 'May zy, 1744.. Ordered that the following form should be 
 used in the Letter of Admonition : — 
 
 This is to inform you that you have neglected to 
 attend or write your excuse to the Society of Dilet- 
 tanti for three successive meetings, and that upon a 
 fourth omission you will be no longer a member thereof. 
 Resolved that this form be neither engraved, written, nor printed.' 
 
 c April 7, 1 74.5-. Resolved that when any member shall abdicate, 
 a memorandum of the sum in which he shall then stand indebted 
 to the Society be added by the Secretary as a Postscript at the 
 bottom of the Letter.' 
 
 'April 5, 1747. The Society agreed with the Committee in 
 their Resolution That the Debts of those members who have 
 abdicated be examined into, and that a statement of the Debt 
 of each particular abdicated member be sent forthwith with a most 
 vehement Exhortation to them to pay their debts so fairly con- 
 tracted and so unjustly detained.' 
 
 'March 4, 175^. Ordered that any member who does not 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 41 
 
 make his personal appearance at the Society with in the space 
 of two years (if in Great Britain) be excluded to commence from 
 the first Sunday in December next.' 
 
 ' April 6, 175-7. Resolved that all Persons who have ever been 
 members of the Society may upon application at any of the 
 meetings of the Society on or before the meeting in May 17 58 
 be re-admitted and considered as new-elected members/ 
 
 'April 1, 1764. OrderM that any Person who has been 
 a member of the Society and is re-elected shall on his re-election 
 pay all the Debts incurred and due to the Society at the time of 
 his Exclusion or that he shall be excused on payment of Ten 
 Guineas. 5 
 
 4 Jan. 13, 1780. Orderd that the Secretary shall in future when 
 any member shall have incurrd 5- forfeits write him a letter 
 notifying to him the danger of Abdication in which he stands and 
 that he be allowd to incur two more forfeits before his abdication 
 be considered as compleat.' 
 
 £ That a year of Grace be allowd to all who have abdicated 
 during which year they may return to 6c again take their places 
 in the Society without a re-election.' 
 
 With reference to the committees of the Society, Commit- 
 it was resolved on April 7, 1745*, tees and 
 
 quorums. 
 
 c That a number not less than five do constitute all Committees 
 of this Society,' 
 
 and in March, 1747, it was ordered 
 
 ' That nine members shall be deem'd a sufF* number to Transact 
 the common Business of the Society viz: Receiving and paying 
 and putting out money to Interest and Electing of Members, But 
 that no number less than twelve shall be empower'd to alter any 
 of the Standing Laws.' 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 Miscel- 
 laneous 
 activities 
 of the 
 Society : 
 the West- 
 minster 
 Bridge 
 Lottery, 
 
 Miscellaneous activities of the Society: the West- 
 minster bridge Lottery — Foundation of General 
 Fund: building schemes — The Cavendish Square 
 site — Its abandonment and the financial result — 
 Promotion of the Italian opera — Middlesex and 
 Vanneschi — Schemes for an Academy of Arts — . 
 Mr. Dingleys plan — Communications with Haymans 
 Committee of Fainter s — "The Society's plan — 
 Collapse of negotiations — Foundation of the fyyal 
 Academy : its relations with the Dilettanti — Proposal 
 to form a gallery of casts from the antique — 
 Revival of the building scheme — Suggested sites : 
 the Green Park — "The Star and Garter — Camelford 
 House — Final abandonment of building scheme — 
 Increasing riches of the Society — Face-money : I^ule 
 Ann. Soc. Undec. — Other sources of income — Incidental 
 records. 
 
 THE earliest recorded transaction of the Society 
 of Dilettanti relates to the lottery for the 
 new bridge over the Thames at Westminster. 
 This lottery was a scheme initiated by Sir Robert 
 Walpole in order to defray the cost of constructing 
 the new bridge. An Act of Parliament was passed 
 in 1736 to sanction the lottery, and commissioners 
 were appointed to manage it. The scheme was 
 not very successful, although it was taken up by 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 43 
 
 the public with their usual reckless impetuosity 
 in such matters ; and Walpole had to bear the 
 brunt of the complaints which came from those 
 who were disappointed or dissatisfied. Numerous 
 satirical prints were published on the matter. 
 There seems to have been more than one drawing 
 of the first lottery, and a second was begun in 
 December, 1740. The Dilettanti, many of whom 
 had no doubt been individually responsible for 
 helping to start the scheme, were early in the field 
 in a corporate capacity. On May 2, 1736, it was 
 resolved (and this is the first resolution standing in 
 their minute-books) 
 
 ' That it is the opinion of this Society, that the proposal for 
 a subscription to the Lottery for the intended Bridge is worthy the 
 consideration of the Dilettanti and accordingly have agreed to 
 subscribe two Guineas and a half each in case the same is agreed 
 to at the next meeting. Harcourt, President.' 
 
 The sum of £112 17-r. &d. was thus raised by 
 subscription, and the list of members who either 
 subscribed or else were absent at the moment gives 
 for the first time the names of those who have been 
 since regarded as the original members of the Society. 
 On May id, 1 7 3 it was resolved 
 
 'That Mr. Harris be desired by the Society of Dilettanti to 
 take upon himself the office of Treasurer of the Lottery Money. 
 That he be impowered to lay out in Lottery tickets one hundred 
 & seven guineas & one half, for the use of the said Society ; 
 and whatever deficiencys may remain upon the Collection of the 
 Subscription, shall be made up out of the money contributed towards 
 the next year's Dinners, which money he is hereby permitted to 
 make use of- but at the same time, desired to write to so many 
 Members as have not subscribed, or not paid in their money, if 
 subscribed.' 
 
 Also it was ordered 
 
 ' That Mr. Harris shall transmit to S r Fra's Dashwood the number 
 of tickets bought with one hundred and twelve pounds seventeen 
 
44- History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 shillings and sixpence with the respective numbers of the said 
 purchased tickets. L. Pilkington, PresidV 
 
 Eleven additional subscriptions were subsequently 
 paid in, leaving Mr. Harris with £123 js. 6d. to 
 invest in lottery tickets, and eventually twenty- 
 seven tickets were purchased at £\ 11s. each from 
 Richard Shergold, whose lottery office is stated in 
 an advertisement of the London Daily Post, January 
 23, 1740, to have been at the Union Coffee House 
 over against the Royal Exchange, Cornhill. Three 
 of these twenty-seven tickets won prizes, and in 
 March, 17 3 1, the following entry was made in the 
 minutes : — 
 
 'Received of Mr. Harris £4.4. %s. od. for three prizes at .£11 
 4J. od. each and for 24. blanks at ys. each.' 
 
 It will thus be seen that the venture was not very 
 profitable. When the second lottery was started in 
 1 740 it was resolved, on May 4, 
 
 ' That thirty-nine pounds eighteen shillings and sixpence be 
 paid to Mr. Treasurer Harris out of the Lottery Money, for the 
 use of the Society, in the Adventure of the present Bridge Lottery/ 
 
 And it was ordered 
 
 ' That M r Harris shall transmit to M r Comptroller Boone the 
 Number of Tickets bought with thirty-nine pounds eighteen shillings 
 & sixpence with the respective numbers of the s d purchased 
 tickets.' 
 
 Eight tickets were purchased with this money, two 
 of which gained prizes of £20 and £10 each at the 
 drawing in March, 174^- This venture was more 
 successful than the last, but on December 7, 1740, 
 it was ordered 
 
 ' That a Committee of the whole Society be appointed to meet 
 on Tuesday the 17th instant to enquire into the Conduct of 
 Mr. Treasurer Harris and Mr. Comptroller Boone in respect to 
 the purchasing of Lottery Tickets, and that they have power to 
 call for Books, papers, etc. Duncannon.' 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 45- 
 
 The result of this inquiry, if held, has not been 
 preserved. A statement made by Colonel George 
 Gray, the Secretary to the Society, just previous to 
 the drawing of the last lottery gives an interesting 
 record of the finances of the Society in 1740 and 
 
 I74 1 - 
 
 Ann. Soc. Sept. £ s. d. 
 
 In the Lottery Box the first meeting . . . 27 9 8 
 
 Money arising from Profits . . . . 1 1 1 1 o 
 
 Overplus of Dinner Money for Ann. Sext. . 7 9 6 
 
 In Cash, exclusive of Dinner Money for Ann. Oct. . \6 10 2 
 
 Paid to Mr. Harris for Lottery Tickets . . . 39 18 6 
 
 Remaining in Lottery Box . . . 6 1 1 8 
 Thirty subscriptions for Dinners for the next year, 
 
 174,1 31 10 o 
 
 Total Cash . . £38 1 8 
 
 From this it will be seen that the ventures of the 
 Society in the lottery were attended with great 
 risk, reducing their cash in hand to £6 11s. %d. 
 Had they been unsuccessful altogether, the Society 
 might have had no further history, and might have 
 distinguished itself by none of those achievements 
 with which its name was subsequently to be 
 connected. The original members were not, how- 
 ever, prophets or clairvoyants, and the idea of 
 making any practical use of their meetings and 
 their funds had not as yet entered their heads. 
 
 The experience thus gained from the Westminster Foundation 
 Bridge Lottery led to a very important resolution °f G ^ neral 
 on March 7, i74i> that Tui/dL g 
 
 ' The Words " Lottery Money," placed on the fourth partition schemes. 
 of the Treasure be removed, and the Words " General Fund " 
 placed in their room/ 
 
 It was at the same time ordered 
 
 ' That a Building be erected or procured for the more honourable 
 and commodious reception of the Society/ 
 
4-6 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 c That a Voluntary Subscription be made by every Member of the 
 Society not exceeding five guineas nor less than one guinea.' 
 
 ' That the General Fund be appropriated and made sacred to 
 the sole use of erecting or procuring Building, etc' 
 
 ' That an officer be appointed with title of High Steward, etc' 
 (see page a8). 
 
 c That Mr. Harris be desired and empowered to ask and collect 
 the voluntary Contribution not under one guinea nor exceeding 
 five guineas for the erecting or procuring a Building for the more 
 Honourable and Commodious reception of the Society as he 
 occasionally sees them.' 
 
 On May i, 1743, it was resolved 
 
 ' That four Commissioners be appointed to look out for a proper 
 spot to build a Room. The Commissioners Lord Middlesex, S r 
 James Gray, Mr. Boone, Mr. Very High Steward Harris and a 
 fifth added S r Francis Dashwood.' 
 
 Active steps towards this scheme do not appear 
 to have been taken till May 3, 1747, when a com- 
 mittee of thirteen members (five being a quorum) 
 was appointed 
 
 'To enquire and treat for a proper place and ground for the 
 Erecting the Building intended for the Reception of the Society,' 
 
 and empowered to purchase ground for a sum not 
 exceeding £300 or the value of that in annual rent. 
 The thirteen members chosen were Sir Francis Dash- 
 wood, the Duke of Bedford, Mr. Gray, Mr. Fauquier, 
 Mr. Boyle, Sir H. Liddell, the Earl of Holdernesse, 
 the Earl of Middlesex, Mr. Harris, Mr. Howe, Lord 
 Duncannon, Mr. Boone, and Mr. Brand, and to this 
 number were subsequently added the Earl of Bles- 
 sington, Mr. Knapton, Mr. Berkeley, Mr. Shirley, 
 Sir A. Calthorpe, Mr. Villiers, and Mr. Mackye. 
 The Caven- This committee decided on a site in Cavendish 
 dub square §q uarej w hj c h was purchased by the Society from 
 the Duke of Chandos at a cost of /400, the in- 
 creased expenditure being sanctioned by a minute 
 of December tf, 1747. The ground was situated 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 47 
 
 on the north side of the square, between the houses 
 of the Earl of Abercorn and Sir Richard Lyttelton. 
 The ground was levelled, enclosed with a wall de- 
 signed by Colonel George Gray, who was an amateur 
 architect himself, and eight large elms and six horse- 
 chestnut trees were planted on the north side 
 of the square. Over two hundred pounds' worth 
 of Portland stone was purchased and deposited on 
 the spot, the foundations were actually dug out, 
 and an additional piece of waste ground behind 
 Lady Abercorn 's house was rented, apparently from 
 Sir Richard Lyttelton, in order to afford a back 
 entrance into the Society's premises. On May 3, 
 17^2, a resolution was passed 
 
 ' That it is the opinion of the Society that it would be adviseable 
 to come to a Resolution to fix upon some Antique Building as 
 a model for that intended by the Society according to the most 
 exact proportions & measurements that can be procured, this with 
 a view to prevent the numberless difficulties that may come in 
 fixing upon any new modern Plan as such an undertaking when 
 finished must amuse the curious and having been approv'd for 
 many ages must naturally put a stop to all supercilious Criticisms.' 
 
 On May tf, 17; 3, the Society agreed with the com- 
 mittee in their resolution 
 
 * That the Temple of Pola be taken as a model for the intended 
 Building and that a Plan or Elevation according to that model be 
 forthwith directed to be prepared that it may be carried into 
 immediate execution.' 
 
 Sir Francis Dashwood, Mr. Howe, Mr. Dingley, 
 another member who dabbled in architecture and 
 designed the Magdalen Hospital, and Colonel Gray 
 were appointed a committee to carry out the above 
 resolution. The choice of the Temple at Pola was 
 probably due to the drawings by James Stuart and 
 Nicholas Revett, which had been taken there in 
 i7fo, and doubtless submitted to Sir James Gray 
 at Venice (see below, p. 76). 
 
48 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Its aban- 
 donment 
 and the 
 financial 
 result. 
 
 The whole project, however, seems to have been 
 abandoned by April 6, 17? 6, the Society resolving 
 
 c That a Committee be appointed to meet and that they have 
 full Powers to treat with the best purchaser, that shall offer, and 
 dispose of the Ground in Cavendish Square to y e best Bidder, but 
 that the said ground be not disposed of for any sum under £1800 
 besides the full value of the stone, and that three be a Quorum 
 provided that S r Fra 8 Dashwood or Col. Gray be one, and that 
 the s d Committee have power of vesting the purchase money in 
 the publick Funds for the use of the Society.' 
 
 The land was valued at .£2,200, and the com- 
 mittee in May, 17J6, was instructed not to dispose 
 of it for less than £2,400, c if such a sum is offer'd 
 during the course of the summer.' Such an offer 
 does not appear to have been made, for on May 1, 
 1 7 s 7, it was ordered 
 
 c That Sir Francis Dashwood and Colonel Gray dispose of the 
 Ground before the next meeting for the best sum that they 
 can get,' 
 
 and 
 
 ' That the s d purchase money when receiv'd be vested in Bank 
 Annuities.' 
 
 It was not, however, till May, 175-9, tnat tne follow- 
 ing order was signed by the members present : — 
 
 ' At the General Meeting of this Society it is this day order'd 
 that S r Fran 8 Dashwood Bar* in whose name the Land in 
 Cavendish Square was lately purchased of the most Noble Henry 
 Duke of Chandois and his Trustees, in Trust for the use of this 
 Society Do sell and dispose of the same and all the said Society's 
 interest therein unto George Forster Tufnell Esq r and his Heirs for 
 the sum of ,£1800 — which sum he the said S r Fran 8 Dashwood is 
 hereby authorized and required to receive and to give a sufficient 
 Receipt or other discharge to the said Purchaser for the same. 
 Ordered that the said £1800 together with the produce of the 
 General Fund be laid out in Gouvernment Securitys in the names 
 of S r Fran 8 Dashwood and Col. George Grey for the use of the 
 Society.' 
 
 It is not clear why the Society so suddenly 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 49 
 
 abandoned its plan of erecting a Temple of Pola 
 in Cavendish Square. So keen had the members 
 been about the scheme a few years earlier, that they 
 had passed a resolution in April, 1749, 
 
 £ That any member who proposes to alienate any part of the 
 Gen 11 Fund to different purposes than for which it was established, 
 viz*, towards procuring or erecting a Building for the more com- 
 modious and honourable reception of the Society shall be declared 
 an Enemy to the Society and that on no account any disposition 
 shall be made of any sum appropriated to the s d Fund except on 
 the day of a Gen 11 call of the whole Society.' 
 
 Nay more, — a further subscription to a special Build- 
 ing Fund was started at the same date, headed by 
 a subscription of £20 from Dash wood and various 
 sums from other members of the Society, the minimum 
 being five guineas. It may have been the rapid rise in 
 value of the land in Cavendish Square which led to 
 the decision to part with it, for on the whole the 
 Society came well out of the affair, since after defray- 
 ing all the expenses and selling the Portland stone, 
 the Society was left with a clear profit of £1,063 1 is.jd. 
 This sum, added to that specially subscribed and to 
 the General Fund, placed the Society in possession 
 of capital from about £3,000 to £4,000. An attempt 
 was made in April, 1776, to secure a room in Mon- 
 tague House, presently to be occupied by the British 
 Museum, or else in Somerset House ; but this proving 
 unsuccessful, the idea of establishing the Society in 
 a building of its own seems to have lapsed for the 
 next five years, and the Society resumed its ordinary 
 meetings at the Star and Garter Tavern in Pall Mall. 
 
 Meanwhile the Society had given other proofs Promotion 
 that its members intended themselves to be con- °f the 
 sidered as leaders and arbiters of public taste. On 
 March <5, 1 741, it was resolved 
 
 * That a Committee of the whole Society do meet at the Star 
 
 £ 
 
5"o History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 and Garter on Thursday the ioth of March to consider of the 
 Proposals made to the Society in regard to the carrying on of 
 Operas for the next season & if the scheme be found practicable 
 that the Committee have full power to transact the affair with the 
 Proposer the same as if a Society ' ; 
 
 and it was further resolved, on April 3 following, 
 
 * That it is the opinion of this Society that the scheme for carry- 
 ing on of Operas is highly worthy of the Countenance of the Society 
 of Dilettanti, that the Society is sensible by the number of 
 subscriptions already obtained amounting in the whole to at least 
 170 that the scheme is likely to be brought into effect (by which 
 it is the opinion of this Society that great Emolum 13 must 
 redound to the Society) and therefore it is most earnestly recom- 
 mended by the Society the taking the most vigorous measures for 
 the putting this scheme into immediate Execution especially as 
 by the nature of the thing and the necessity of giving an answer to 
 the Performers it can admit of no delay.' 
 
 This motion of the Society of Dilettanti was 
 obviously due to the Earl of Middlesex, who was 
 a great supporter of the Italian opera, and had 
 in 1 74 1 himself taken the King's Theatre in the 
 Haymarket, which he, as director and impresario, 
 opened on October 31 of that year. This was 
 in direct competition with the Italian opera as 
 directed by Handel and Heidegger, and led to 
 HandePs quitting London for Ireland, almost ruined 
 by opera, but with the newly written score of The 
 Messiah in his coat-pocket. 
 Middlesex Middlesex engaged a new company of Italian artists, 
 a»d with, the celebrated Galuppi as conductor, Monticelli 
 
 Vanneschi. r i * i ■ 
 
 as first male soprano, Amorevoli as tenor, 
 Visconti as first female soprano, and the Abbe 
 Vanneschi as general manager. Horace Walpole writes 
 to Sir Horace Mann on November 1741 : — 
 
 ' Here is another letter, which I am entreated to send you, 
 from poor Amorevoli : he has a continued fever, though not a high 
 one. Yesterday Monticelli was taken ill, so there will be no opera 
 on Saturday, nor on Tuesday. Monticelli is infinitely admired, 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 next to Farinelli. The Viscontina is admired more than liked. 
 The music displeases everybody, and the dances. I am quite un- 
 easy about the opera, for Mr. Conway is one of the directors, and 
 I fear they will lose considerably, which he cannot afford. There 
 are eight, Lord Middlesex, Lord Holdernesse, Mr. Frederick, Lord 
 Conway, Mr. Conway, Mr. Darner, Mr. Brook and Mr. Brand. 
 The five last are directed by the three first ; they by the first, and 
 he by the Abbe Vanneschi, who will make a pretty sum.' 
 
 On April 1 4, 1 743 , Walpole writes again to Mann : 
 
 ( There is a new subscription formed for an opera next year to 
 be carried on by the Dilettanti, a club, for which the nominal 
 qualification is having been in Italy, and the real one, being drunk.' 
 
 This is the subscription recorded as above in the 
 minutes of the Society, but it does not appear to 
 have come to anything, for no operas were given 
 at the Haymarket Theatre from June, 1744, to 
 January, 1745. From that date it was carried on 
 fitfully under Middlesex's direction for about ten 
 years, after which period, what with the whims, 
 squabbles, and ailments of the performers, the in- 
 difference of the public, and the reckless extravagance 
 of Middlesex and Vanneschi, the whole scheme came 
 to grief, and Vanneschi found himself in the Fleet 
 prison. 
 
 Soon after this somewhat ineffectual attempt Schemes for 
 of the Dilettanti to guide the public into a taste a 0 f^f emy 
 for Italian music, a scheme of a more important °* 1 * ' 
 and very different nature came before their 
 notice : namely, that for founding an Academy 
 of Arts in London similar to these existing in 
 Rcme, Bologna, and other cities on the Continent. 
 The drawing academy which already existed in 
 St. Martin's Lane was entirely in the hands of a 
 committee of artists, who had no wish to enlarge 
 its scope. The Dilettanti evidently aimed at the 
 foundation of a new institution on a broader basis, 
 
 E 1 
 
5"i History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 and including some of those social elements which 
 
 they themselves represented. 
 Mr. At a committee meeting held at the King's Arms, 
 
 Dingle fs Pall Mall, on February 18, 174-f, the members 
 * lan ' present being Lord Holdernesse, Lord Duncannon, 
 
 Sir Francis Dashwood, Mr. Fauquier, Mr. Berkeley, 
 
 Major Gray, Mr. Gell, and Mr. Dingley, 
 
 'Mr. Dingley laid his scheme before the Committee which after 
 having examined Resolved That it is the opinion of this Committee 
 That it is highly worthy the Consideration of the particular 
 members of the Society and recommend it as a scheme that 
 deserves all encouragement. 
 
 ' Resolved That it is the opinion of this Committee whenever 
 Mr. Dingley's or any other scheme for an Academy shall take 
 place to show their readiness to promote and encourage such 
 scheme. 
 
 'That the Society of Dilettanti do give ten pounds per ann. out 
 of their General Fund for the second best Performances in the 
 three different Branches mention'd in the said scheme. 
 
 ' Holdernesse, Chairman.' 
 
 This was the meeting to which allusion has already 
 been made (p. 37), and at which a postscript was 
 added to the effect that 
 
 * The Committee growing a little noisy and drunk and seeming 
 to recollect that they are not quite sure whether the Report of the 
 Committee signed by Chairman and Toast-master Holdernesse 
 may not be so intelligible to the Society as the meaning of the 
 Committee have intended, that there should be inserted after the 
 word "encourage " and before the word " such," " having premiums 
 assd." and after the word "that" and before the word "the" the 
 word " then " be inserted and that the words " the " and " said " 
 before the word " scheme " be expunged and the words " Mr. 
 Dingley's" be inserted. Resolved in the negative.' 
 
 The precise nature of the scheme proposed by the 
 versatile Mr. Dingley has not been recorded. A too 
 adventurous bark, amply christened at its launching, 
 it seems to have promptly foundered in port. 
 
 However, the desire of the Dilettanti to promote 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti si 
 
 some such scheme seems to have got abroad, for 
 on February 2, 1755-, 
 
 c A Paper from Mr. Newton secretary to the Committee of 
 Painters directed to the President was deliver'd to them by Colonel 
 Gray and read accordingly/ 
 
 This paper accompanied an introductory discourse Communka- 
 and plan of an Academy for the Improvement of tions ' w ' th 
 Arts in General, and was drawn up by the select com- Co ^ mjttee 
 mittee of painters, statuaries, architects, engravers, &c, 0 f Painters. 
 which had originally met at the Turk's Head Tavern, 
 Gerrard Street, Soho, with Francis Hayman in the 
 chair, on November 13, 1 7 5 3 ; a momentous date in 
 the history of British art. The concluding paragraph 
 of the said discourse contains a distinct reference 
 and appeal to the Society of Dilettanti, as follows : — 
 
 ' As then the undertaking is of a public nature ; as the expense 
 to the public will be inconsiderable in comparison to the 
 advantages to be expected from it ; as a distinguished set of 
 Noblemen and Gentlemen, long ago convinced of the necessity 
 of such a plan, set apart a sum of money to be applied to a 
 similar use, when opportunity shall offer; as pecuniary rewards 
 have been offered by another society of Noblemen and Gentlemen, 
 to stimulate and encourage young beginners ; and as no founda- 
 tion however narrow in its views and purposes whatsoever, has 
 ever yet wanted patrons and benefactors, it would become 
 criminal even to suppose a possibility that such an one as this 
 would be suffered to perish in the birth for want of assistance only.' 
 
 On March 2, 1777, it was resolved 
 
 * That it is the opinion of the Society that a Letter be wrote to 
 the Members of the Academy of Painting &c, to return them 
 thanks for the particular regard shown in their application to them 
 as a Body and to every member respectively and that as soon as 
 the proposed scheme is brought to any maturity and a Charter 
 obtain' d they will be ready to give them all the assistance that 
 shall be in their power. (Bedford, president.)' 
 
 On April 6", 17 r?-, a letter from the Academy of 
 Painters, &c, signed by the Gentlemen of the said 
 Academy, among whom James Stuart and Nicholas 
 
$4* History of the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 Revett were also members of the Dilettanti, was 
 read. The contents were as follows : — 
 
 * Gentlemen of the Dilettanti Society. 
 
 * May it please you to accept the sincere acknowledgments 
 of us the Committee of Painters, Statuaries, Architects, etc., for 
 the condescending Resolution passed in our favour, and com- 
 municated to us by Colonel Gray, as also to permit us, in the 
 most respectful manner, to represent, that in consequence of the 
 encouragement derived to us from it, we have entertained thoughts 
 of enlarging the plan of our Charter, so as to make room for the 
 reception of a number of Members not of the professions above 
 specified, to assist conjointly with us in directing and governing 
 the Royal Academy, of which we are now soliciting the establish- 
 ment; and that we should think ourselves highly honoured and 
 extremely happy in receiving the number which may be proposed 
 out of your Society ; to which we are also desirous to submit the 
 nomination of our first President ; being persuaded that with your 
 countenance and assistance we cannot fail to obtain the counten- 
 ance and assistance of the public. But then we beg leave to add, 
 that, such an alteration in our original plan making it absolutely 
 necessary to have a suitable alteration in our Charter, it will be 
 out of our power to bring it to an issue as required, till your pleasure 
 with regard to this is made known to us. 
 ' We are, Gentlemen, 
 
 £ Your most obliged and most devoted humble Servants, 
 F. Hayman J. Gwyn Robt. Taylor 
 
 Chas. Grignion G. M. Moser Wm. Hoare 
 
 Thos. Hudson Sam. Wale L. F. Roubilliac 
 
 George Lambert Ric. Yco Thos. Carter 
 
 Samuel Scott R l . Strange James Stuart 
 
 Richd. Dalton G. Hamilton 
 
 Fr. Milr. Newton Is c . Ware 
 
 J. Reynolds John Astley 
 
 Hy. Cheere Nicolas Revett 
 
 John Pine Thomas Sandby 
 
 ' April 2, 175^ 
 
 After reading this letter it was resolved 
 
 'That the consideration of the said Letter be referr'd to the 
 General Meeting in May,' 
 
 and 
 
 'That Col. Gray be desir'd to inform himself from the Academy 
 of Painters etc., of their scheme for a Royal Academy and the 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 57 
 
 purport of their intended Charter, which he is requested to produce 
 at the next general meeting ' j 
 
 and 
 
 ' That an extraordinary and General Committee be appointed to 
 meet on Sunday the zoth of April to consider of the proposition 
 of the Academy of Painters etc., and that Circular Letters be sent/ 
 
 At the committee meeting of the Dilettanti on The Society's 
 April 20 the following resolutions were passed, and f lan - 
 adopted by the general meeting of the Society in 
 May following: — 
 
 * That it is the opinion of that Committee That the President 
 of the intended Royal Academy be all wayes and annually chosen 
 out of the Society of Dilettanti.' 
 
 'That all the members of the Dilettanti be members of the 
 Academy, but that only twelve of the Senior members Present 
 at the meeting shall have votes.' 
 
 * That any artist may be chosen a Member of the Academy, but 
 that only twelve of the Artists to be chosen annually out of their 
 Body shall have votes, and that upon an equality of Votes the 
 President shall have a second vote. \ Sandwich? chairman.' 
 
 In the minutes of the same meeting it is recorded that 
 
 * A printed paper of a scheme for a Royal Academy 1 being read 
 to the Society it was agreed that Colonel Gray be desired to obtain 
 one of the said printed papers from the author and to enclose the 
 same in a letter to the Society of painters acquainting them that the 
 Society of the Dilettanti approve of that as a groundwork to proceed 
 upon tho' liable to alterations, and to desire their opinion thereupon 
 and report the same at the next meeting of the Dilettanti in Dec' 
 
 No mention of such a report occurs in the minutes 
 of the Society for December, 17 ff ; but the following 
 was addressed to the Society by the Committee of 
 Painters on December 30: — 
 
 4 To the Noblemen and Gentlemen of the Dilettanti Society. 
 Wc, the Committee of Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, beg 
 leave to remind the Honourable Dilettanti Society of two Resolu- 
 tions of theirs j the one signed by His Grace the Duke of Bedford, 
 encouraging us to proceed with our design of preparing and 
 soliciting a Charter for the establishment of a Royal Academy • 
 
 1 Perhaps Mr. Dingley's scheme. 
 
$6 History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 
 
 and the other by the Earl of Sandwich, Chairman of the Committee, 
 for considering our proposals in relation thereto : assuring us that 
 their determination thereon should be communicated to us; as also 
 to intimate in the most respectful manner, that the sooner we can 
 be favoured with the said determination, the more a favour we shall 
 esteem it, — it appearing to us as highly unbecoming to proceed in an 
 affair once laid before them, till we have been made acquainted 
 with their sentiments upon it. 
 * We are, Gentlemen, 
 
 * Your most obliged and most devoted humble Servants, 
 F. Hayman G. M. Moser Jas. Paine 
 
 Robt. Taylor Saml. Scott Frs. Milner Newton 
 
 Saml. Wale Thos. Carter C. Grignion.' 
 
 J. Gwyn J. Reynolds 
 
 Collapse of There is no record in the minutes to show that 
 negotiations, j-^jg i etter was ever submitted to the Society, or of 
 any further communication with the Society of 
 Painters on the subject. The Society of Dilettanti 
 seems at first sight to have been rather high-handed 
 in passing the resolutions detailed above, which were 
 hardly consonant with the scheme set forth by the 
 committee of artists ; but at that date circumstances 
 had already shown the difficulty of carrying on an 
 Academy managed by artists alone, and some of the 
 artists themselves appear to have been of opinion 
 that a strong infusion of unprofessional members 
 would make the scheme more workable. It is 
 evident that the Dilettanti would be content with 
 nothing but the complete control of the new 
 Academy, and that, their help not being forthcoming 
 on any other terms, the whole scheme collapsed. One 
 member however of the committee of artists, Sir 
 Robert Strange, has in his Inquiry into the jf^ise 
 and Establishment of the Jtyyal Academy left the 
 following tribute to the behaviour of the Dilettanti 
 on this occasion : — 
 
 ' A Society composed of a number of the most respectable 
 persons of this country, commonly known by the name of the 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti si 
 
 Dilettanti, made the first step towards an establishment of this 
 nature. That society, having accumulated a considerable fund, 
 and being really promoters of the fine arts, generously offered to 
 appropriate it to support a public academy. General Gray, a 
 gentleman distinguished by his public spirit and fine taste, was 
 deputed by that Society to treat with the artists. I was present 
 at their meetings. On the part of our intended benefactors, I 
 observed that generosity and benevolence which are peculiar to 
 true greatness- but on the part of the majority of the leading 
 artists, I was sorry to remark motives apparently limited to their 
 own views and ambition to govern, diametrically opposite to the 
 liberality with which we were treated. After various conferences, 
 the Dilettanti finding that they were to be allowed no share in the 
 government of the Academy, or in appropriating their own fund, 
 the negotiation ended.' 
 
 The Society nevertheless took a cordial interest Foundation 
 in the Royal Academy when that body eventually °f the Ro y al 
 came into existence and obtained its charter in ^ cadem y- 
 
 r . r its relations 
 
 1768. As it turned out, the first President or the with the 
 Royal Academy, Sir Joshua Reynolds, was actually Dilettanti. 
 a member of the Dilettanti at the time of his 
 election. The Society showed its interest in a 
 practical way, for on March 6 y 1774, it was ordered 
 
 * That the Interest of four Thousand pounds three pr Cent. 
 Annuities be appropriated to the use of sending two students 
 recommended by the Royal Accademy to study in Italy or Greece 
 for three years, and no longer, from the time they are appointed • 
 that tho: due attention is to be paid to the recommendation of the 
 Royal Accademy the Dilettanti shall not be oblidged to receive the 
 persons they propose except they are approved by a majority at 
 a Call of the Society when if they think them insufficient they 
 may nominate others/ [Seaforth.] 
 
 On February 2y, 1775-, a call of the Society was 
 ordered for the first Sunday in the following month of 
 March, and Sir Joshua Reynolds was desired to bring 
 the students appointed by the Royal Academy to 
 pursue their studies abroad to receive the approba- 
 tion of the Society. The Dilettanti exercised their 
 power of selection, for in March, 1 7 7 Mr. JeiFeries, 
 
?8 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 painter, and Mr. Banks, sculptor, being recommended 
 by the Royal Academy, it was ordered 
 
 * That Mr. Jeffries be appointed as a student to go into Italy 
 under the Protection of the Society 'j 
 
 and also 
 
 f That Mr. Pars also go into Italy claiming the same Protection, 
 Their salaries to begin from the date of their arrival at Rome.' 
 
 The two students named arrived in fact at their 
 destination on October 7 and December 21, i77y, 
 respectively. 
 
 Proposal to The object of establishing a national drawing 
 form a academy in London had been materially advanced 
 castslram ^ mum fi cence of Charles Lennox, third Duke of 
 the antique. Richmond, who, after returning from the usual tour 
 in Italy, formed when twenty-two or twenty- three 
 years of age a collection of paintings, sculpture, and 
 casts from the antique in a gallery in the garden of 
 his house at Whitehall. This he opened in March, 
 17^8, as a gratuitous school of drawing for students 
 under the direction of G. B. Cipriani the painter and 
 J. Wilton the sculptor. This was the first attempt 
 to make a collection of such casts in England, and 
 the first school in which the systematic study of 
 antique sculpture was rendered possible to young 
 students of small means. Horace Walpole says : 
 * The institution of a school of statuary in the house 
 of a young nobleman of the first rank rivals the 
 boasted munificence of foreign princes.' The Duke 
 of Richmond was not at the time a member of the 
 Society of Dilettanti, which he did not join until 
 March, 176" y ; but it may safely be attributed to his 
 example that on March 1, 1 761, it was moved by 
 Sir Francis Dashwood and carried, 
 
 4 That a Committee be appointed to consider of the expence, and 
 how far it is practicable to procure the first and best casts of the 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 5-9 
 
 principal Statues, Busto's, & Bass Relievo's great or small in 
 order to produce something from this Society that may be bene- 
 ficiall to the publick.' 
 
 In the original plan for the formation of a Royal 
 Academy such a collection of casts, etc., had been 
 contemplated, but only c for the improvement of the 
 students.' The resolution of the Dilettanti, although 
 not carried into effect, appears to be the earliest 
 scheme in England for founding a set of casts from 
 antique sculpture for the use of the public, such as 
 have been recently formed at Cambridge, Oxford, 
 and the South Kensington Museum. 
 
 This scheme had the effect of reviving the idea of Revival of 
 a separate building to be erected for the use of the buildlv Z 
 Society, since the committee to which it was referred, sc eme ' 
 its members being Sir Francis Dashwood, Colonel 
 Gray, Colonel Denny, and Sir Thomas Robinson, 
 were of opinion 
 
 'That some Act should be undertaken to show to the World 
 the Intention of their Original Institution — in order to wh. they 
 agreed. First— that some proper place should be found out, in 
 order to build a Room, to hold any purchases of the Virtu kind the 
 Society may hereafter make, and also it was Resolv'd that Enquiry 
 should also be made with regard to any room or rooms, now built, 
 which may answer the said purposes — to make a report to the 
 Society on these heads, at their next meeting. 
 
 4 It was then proposed to recommend to the Society to purchase 
 Casts of the best Statuery Busts or Basso-relievo's etc., that may 
 be now in Great Britain or Ireland. 
 
 ' It was further agreed by the Committee to recommend to the 
 Society to purchase abroad any fine Casts of the best statues &c. 
 in the manner and att the time the Society shall direct — & it is left 
 to the consideration of the Society to make out the names of such 
 Gentlemen abroad, who they think might be willing to assist in 
 procuring those pieces of Virtu, which are the objects the Society 
 have in view & letters to be wrote to 'em, signed by their members, 
 desiring their assistance on this occasion.' 
 
 Keeping in view the requirements of this scheme, St ?g& ested 
 
 1 • 1 1 1 • 7 sites: the 
 
 the committee made an attempt to secure the auction- Greeu Fark 
 
6o History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 rooms of the well-known Mr. Cock, the auctioneer, 
 
 for their premises. But the negotiations proved 
 
 fruitless owing to a complication of leases between 
 
 Mr. Cock, a Mr. Smith, the Crown, and the French 
 
 Protestant refugees, whose chapel the building had 
 
 once been, while Mr. Cock asked an exaggerated sum 
 
 for his share in the lease. The committee then stated 
 
 their opinion 
 
 c That if a piece of ground could be obtained from the crown, 
 adjoining to the Park Wall in Piccadilly situated between the 
 Duke of Devonshire's and Lord Bath's in order to build an exact 
 copy of an antique Temple, that it would be the properest way 
 of disposing of the Society's money, according to their Intention, 
 and would be a publick ornament, and the first example of this 
 kind in his Majesty's Dominions — and redound greatly to the 
 honour of this Society.' 
 
 No further action, however, was taken in the 
 matter until March 28, 1764, when the committee 
 declared, and on April 1, 1764, tne Society ordered 
 
 c That the Original Resolution viz*. That a Building be erected, 
 for the more Commodious and Honourable reception of the Society 
 for which purpose the money has hitherto been collected, be speedily 
 taken into consideration being consistent with the Honour and 
 Dignity of the Society.' 
 
 The committee further recommended 
 
 c That a memorial be presented to His Majesty beseeching His 
 Majesty that he will be graciously pleased to allot a proper piece 
 of ground in the Green Park next Piccadilly, or wherever else His 
 Majesty shall think fit, on which a building may be erected for 
 the more commodious and honourable reception of the Society, 
 according to the Order of the Society at the last General Meeting j 
 and that Lord Le Despenser, Lord Charlemont, Mr. Wood and 
 Colonel Gray be desired to prepare such memorial to be laid before 
 the Committee.' 
 
 A draft petition was prepared and Sir Francis 
 Dashwood (now Lord le Despencer) 1 was desired to 
 present the same to His Majesty, and if it meets with 
 His Majesty's approbation to forward the petition to 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 61 
 
 the Treasury.' On April 20 Lord le Despencer 
 reported { that he had presented to His Majesty the 
 petition agreed to at the last committee, which His 
 Majesty received very graciously and was pleased to 
 say he would consider on it.' This, however, proved 
 a barren effort, for on May 1 a resolution was passed 
 (and subsequently ordered by the Society) 
 
 'That it was the opinion of the Committee viz. Lord Le 
 Despenser, Lord Middlesex, Mr. Howe, Colonel Denny, Lord 
 Charlemont, Mr. Wood, Colonel Gray, Sir James Gray, Mr. 
 Stewart and Mr. Fauquier, Secretary, that another Petition be 
 presented to His Majesty, specifying particularly the ground 
 in the Green Parke, on which it is proposed to erect the intended 
 Building viz. to commence opposite the East End of Whitehorse 
 Street next below the Earl of Egremont from thence one hundred 
 and twenty four feet westwards towards Hyde Park Corner and 
 projecting into the Green Park one hundred and forty Feet/ 
 
 This petition was likewise presented to His Majesty 
 by Lord le Despencer, who on June 5- following- 
 reported to the committee that £ the Chancellor of 
 the Exchequer, Mr. G. Grenville, had returned him 
 the Petition to His Majesty, desiring ground in the 
 Green Park, to erect a building on, and at the same 
 time acquainting him that His Majesty desired to see 
 a Plan of the Intended Building first.' 
 
 At this gentle but obvious snub the Society The star 
 abandoned their designs on the Green Park, but in Garter. 
 May, 1 76s;, they made an attempt to secure for them- 
 selves the premises of the Star and Garter Tavern in 
 Pall Mall, at which they were accustomed to hold 
 their monthly meetings. The tenant, Mr. Fynmore, 
 was willing to part with his lease, which had twelve 
 years to run, but on application to Mr. James Beau- 
 voir of Danharn Hall, Essex, the lessee under the 
 Crown, it was discovered that Mr. Beauvoir had no 
 power to sell. No further steps were taken for 
 
6z History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 some time towards erecting a building, but in April, 
 1770, it was resolved 
 
 * That any member making any motion for the appropriation 
 of any part of the General Fund exceeding One hundred Pounds 
 to any purpose but that of erecting the new Intended Building 
 should for leave to make such motion pay the sum of two 
 guineas, & in case the motion is rejected by a majority of the 
 Members present, he is to forfeit the further sum of three guineas/ 
 
 The matter, however, only advanced in fits and 
 starts, though never dropped out of sight. In 
 May, 1772, it was resolved 
 
 * That a Committee be appointed to Consider of a proper 
 manner of effectually carrying into execution the resolution of the 
 Society with regard to the New intended Building, — that Lord 
 Dispenser, S r James Gray, Mr. Howard, L d Clanbrasil, Mr. 
 Ascough, S r Jos. Reynolds, Mr. Crowle, Be of that Committee 
 and to meet next Saturday 9th May 177X5 — That all members who 
 come have Voices and that Cards be sent to all acquainting them 
 of this resolution, — That this Committee be Called the Grand 
 Committee ! ' 
 
 On May 2, 1773, it was resolved 
 
 * That during the Recess the Society be formed into a Committee 
 to Consider of purchasing a piece of Ground to erect a Building 
 upon for the use of the Society and that Five Members be 
 a quorum, — That the Committee do not exceed the sum of one 
 Thousand Pounds for the purchase of the Ground.' 
 
 Then nothing more was done until April, 1776, 
 when it was ordered 
 
 4 That there be a Call of this Society next meeting to take into 
 Consideration the disposal of a certain sum from the Publick Fund 
 towards Building a Temporary Room for the Reception of the 
 Society next year/ 
 
 But this proposal was negatived in the following May. 
 In April, 1777, it was proposed by the committee to 
 take permanently a room at the Star and Garter 
 Tavern, and in the following May the Society 
 resolved to agree 
 
 e with the Determination of the Committee of the acth April 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 63 
 
 1777 and Recommend it to the members of the Society to pay 
 a guinea per annum for 3 years to come to the Master of the 
 Star and Garter tavern for the Recompense to him for the use 
 of this room, — That the Secretary do pay two Hundred guineas to 
 the Master of the Star and Gaiter Tavern upon His signing the 
 Article of Agreement this day produced by the Secretary and laid 
 before the Society for their inspection.' 
 
 It is not clear from the records of the Society camelford 
 whether this arrangement was actually carried out House. 
 or not. But the idea of erecting a separate building 
 for the use of the Society seems to have been again 
 abandoned about this date (1777) owing to heavy 
 expenditure from its funds in another direction, as 
 will be recorded in the succeeding chapters. It 
 was once more revived in February, 1785-, by a 
 proposal from Lord Camelford to sell to the Society 
 the shells of two new houses adjoining his own in 
 Hereford Street, which might be thrown together 
 to form a museum 4 for what is properly called 
 virtu.' The offer, however, was declined by the 
 Society on discovering that in addition to an initial 
 cost of £2,5-00 for the completion of the buildings 
 by Sir John Soane, they would incur large ex- 
 penses for furniture, decoration, ground-rent, taxes, 
 service, &c. ; moreover, Lord Camelford made it 
 a condition that he was to be allowed a special 
 door and key leading from his own house into 
 the gallery on the ground floor. 
 
 The last flicker of the building scheme seems to Final aban- 
 have occurred in March, 1790, when it was resolved donment °f 
 
 building 
 
 < That a Committee be appointed to meet here on Sunday the scheme. 
 aist instant; and that they do take into Consideration the sums 
 that have been expended by the Society in attempting to provide 
 a room ; and inquire into the state of the site of the Opera House, 
 that was burnd down last summer, and how far the same may be 
 proper to be purchasd for the purpose of building one, and to such 
 other matters as they may think Fit.' 
 
64 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Nothing appears to have come from the above 
 resolution ; and thus the idea of a separate build- 
 ing or even a separate room for the use of the 
 Society was finally abandoned, and the Society 
 continued to hold its meetings at the Star and 
 Garter Tavern up to the end of the eighteenth 
 century. 
 
 Increasing The voluntary subscriptions, however, of the 
 rkhes of the senior members, and the customary contribution 
 Society. tQ t j ie budding fund, paid as an entrance fee by 
 all newly elected members, added to the profit made 
 by the sale of the land in Cavendish Square, had 
 increased the riches of the Society and placed them 
 in command of capital of no inconsiderable amount. 
 This was further augmented by two enactments of 
 great importance in the history of the Society. 
 Face-money, On January 4, 174I, it was ordered 
 
 c That every member of the Society do make a present of his 
 Picture in Oil Colours done by Mr. Geo. Knapton, a member, to 
 be hung up in the Room where the s d Society meets; 
 
 (Sam 1 Savage, President.) ' 
 
 and on February 3, 174^", it was ordered, nomine 
 contradicente, 
 
 c That every member of the Society who has not had his Picture 
 painted by Mr. Knapton by the meeting in February next year, 
 shall pay One Guinea per Annum till his Picture be Deliver' d 
 into the Society, unless Mr. Knapton declares that it was owing to 
 his want of time to finish the same.' 
 
 As many of the members did not care, or did not 
 find opportunity to comply with this order, the pay- 
 ments on this account, known as ' Face-money 
 produced a considerable sum every year. 
 Rule A?m. On February 5-, 1 74^, it was ordered 
 
 Soc. Undec. CThat aftef thc first of March I7+ j every member who has 
 any increase of Income either by Inheritance Legacy Marriage 
 or preferment do pay half of one p. ct. of the first year of his 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 6s 
 
 additional income to the Gen 11 Fund, but that every member 
 upon paymt. of £10 shall be released from such obligation.' 
 
 [Strafford, Presid*.] 
 
 This enactment, known as Rule Ann. Soc. r Undec.^ and 
 still solemnly recited at every meeting of the Society, 
 seems to have been first received in a rather ribald 
 spirit, for on April 7, 1745", it was 
 
 ' Resolv'd that the Committee have leave to sett again and that it 
 be an Instruction to the said Committee to Consider and explain the 
 word Preferment in the order dated Ann: Soc: Undec: Feby. ?th.' 
 
 In May, 1747, it was resolved 
 
 ' To agree with the Comittee in their first Resolution That all 
 Titles and Honours are deem'd Preferment. Also in their 
 Comittee's second Resolution viz: That all Preferment shall be 
 valued according to the subsequent rates viz : 
 
 An Arch Bishop 
 A Duke . 
 A Marquiss 
 An Earl . 
 A Viscount 
 A Bishop 
 A Baron 
 A Judge . 
 A Knight of the Garter 
 A Knight of the Thistle 
 A King at arms 
 His Majesty's Ratcatcher 
 A Knight of the Bath 
 
 his Blessing 
 his Grace 
 his Honour 
 nothing 
 something 
 n ... . 
 6 pence 
 6s. U. 
 lis. 4J. 
 
 10 pounds Scotch 
 5 pounds English 
 
 8 pounds 
 
 9 pounds 
 
 10 pounds.' 
 
 A Trumpeter 
 On May 7, 1769, it was resolved 
 
 * That it is the opinion of this Society that the word Inheritance 
 means any encrease of income by the death of another person $ 
 but that this be not meant to extend to the falling in of Leases 
 for Lives or Lands and Tenements.' 
 
 The payments on this account also produced 
 annually a fairly large sum, and as it is one of 
 the few orders dating from the early years of the 
 Society's existence which remain in force at the 
 present day, the full list of such payments gives 
 
66 History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 
 
 a most interesting insight into the rank and position 
 of the members. The first few entries give a good 
 idea of these payments. 
 
 c March 4, 174I. Mr. Secretary Gray paid in the sum 
 of eighteen shillings & threepence being the half of one p. ct. 
 of £i%6 ior. conformable to the Resolution of Feb. 5th being 
 appointed Major of Brigade.' 
 
 c Dec. 2, 1 744. Mr. Fauquier paid in to the Gen u Fund the sum 
 of fifteen shillings being the half p. Ct. of £1^0 ann. Conformant 
 to the Resolution of Feb. 5th and appointed Director of the London 
 Insurance Company ; Lord Middlesex being married to the Honble. 
 Miss Boyle Daughter to the late L d Viscount Shannon paid into the 
 Gen 11 Fund the sum of Twenty Guineas (not taking the advantage 
 of the Resolution of Feb. ye 5th which admitts of compounding for 
 ten pounds being the nearest calculation to his Increase of Income).' 
 
 e Jan. 6, 174I. Received of the Duke of Bedford Eleven guineas 
 for having accepted the Place of First Commissioner of the 
 Admiralty; Receiv'd of Lord Sandwich Five guineas for having 
 accepted the Place of one of the Lords of the Admiralty.' 
 
 The principal sources of the funds in the posses- 
 sion of the Society of Dilettanti up to 1778 may 
 therefore be briefly enumerated as follows : 
 
 Dinner Money. 
 Lottery Money. 
 Face-money. 
 Fines and Forfeits. 
 
 Entrance subscriptions to Building Fund. 
 
 Fee of I per cent, on Increase of Income. 
 
 Profit from sale of land in Cavendish Square. 
 
 Interest on investments in bank or other annuities. 
 
 Interest on the sum of i^o guineas lent on mortgage to the 
 
 Earl of Sandwich, paid up to 1791, when the earl died 
 
 and the capital was never recovered. 
 
 To these funds must be added a legacy of £?oo 
 made to the Society of Dilettanti by Mr. James 
 Dawkins in 175*9. By accumulations derived from 
 these various sources the riches of the Society, 
 which in 1743 amounted to £321 $s. %d., had in 
 May, 1778, increased to £4-,o66 19s. 2d. 
 
 The following incidents recorded in the minutes 
 
History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 67 
 
 seem worth noticing as among the obiter dicta and 
 facta of the Society. At a committee meeting 
 (where the company seems to have been invariably 
 very lively) on February 7, 174^, it is recorded : 
 
 ' The Committee met. Resolved That it is the opinion of 
 this Committee that Mr. Brand will be Damned. 
 
 ' Resolved That it is the opinion of this Committee That all 
 Publick pious Charities are private Impious abuses/ 
 
 'March, 1747. Resolved that the Honble. Richard Edgecumbe 
 be Bard to the Society.' 
 
 This was the Dick Edgcumbe already mentioned, 
 the friend of George Selwyn and Gilly Williams and 
 Horace Walpole, one of the choicest wits of his day. 
 
 'April 5, 1 75" 5". Whereas a very extraordinary message was 
 sent up to the Society, by a Divine of the Church of England for 
 ought it knows, with a couple of Books fairly bound, which the 
 Society never can or will read, It was thought absolutely necessary 
 to prevent any further interruption to send him one Guinea of 
 publick money for the Society's private convenience.' 
 
 'March 2, 1760. John Russell a Boy between 14 or 15 years 
 of age produced to the Society several drawings which were judged 
 to be very deserving and therefore for his encouragement It was 
 agreed to make him a present of £j 5. o.' 
 
 This entry appears to note the first appearance in 
 public of John Russell, the well-known painter of 
 portraits in pastels and afterwards a Royal Acade- 
 mician. Russell seems to have enjoyed the special 
 favour of the Society, for he was their guest at 
 dinner on at least two occasions in 1774 and 1778. 
 On March 1 7 8 <S, it is recorded that 
 
 ' Mr. Johnnes having offered to the Society certain Poems 
 of the Late Sir Ch. Hanbury Williams that have not yet been 
 Publish'd on condition that they publish them, ordered that the 
 consideration thereoff be referred to the Committee which meet on 
 Sunday March 19.' 
 
 The publication of these poems seems to have 
 engaged the attention of this committee, but no 
 resolution was ever arrived at upon the question. 
 
 F 1 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 The Dilettanti and Classical Archaeology — Earlier history 
 of the study — The Earl of Arundel — The Arundel 
 Marbles — Other collectors — Explorations in situ : 
 Nointel and Carrey — Spon and Wheler ; Chishull 
 — British artists in Rome ; Brettingham and Gavin 
 Hamilton — Stuart and Revett — Sir James Gray and 
 the Dilettanti — Election of Stuart and Revett — 
 Their expedition to Athens — Dawkins and Wood — 
 Le fyy and Dalton — The Dilettanti and ' The Anti- 
 quities of Athens' — Success of the volume — The 
 Society sends an expedition to Asia Minor — Chandler, 
 J^evett, and Pars — Instructions to the expedition — 
 Work in the Troad and Ionia — Approval of the 
 Society — Work in Attica and the Morea — Return 
 and reception of the explorers — The 'Ionian Anti- 
 quities' : choice of materials — Preparation and 
 publication of the volume — Presentation copies — 
 Chandler's < Inscriptions ' and ' Travels ' — Proposed 
 continuation of ' Ionian Antiquities ' — The drawings 
 of J^evett and Pars : various claimants for their 
 use — Difficulties between Stuart and I^evett — 
 Appointment of a Committee — Death of Stuart: 
 posthumous publication of 'The Antiquities of Athens,' 
 vols. ii } iii 3 and iv — Publication of 'Ionian Antiquities,' 
 vol. it — Custody of the Society's marbles — Marbles 
 and drawings presented to the British Museum. 
 
 The /^VUR narrative has thus far been chiefly 
 
 Dilettanti I 1 occupied with the personal aspects and 
 "Auk 01 ""/'" 1 ^"""^^ convivial usages of the Society, with its 
 * ogy ' building schemes, its gradual accumulation of cor- 
 porate funds, and its projects, more or less successful, 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 69 
 
 for the encouragement and patronage of the 
 fine arts at home. We now approach a different 
 and by far the most fruitful field of its activity. 
 To the Dilettanti belonged for many years the 
 chief, and in several instances the whole, credit 
 of initiating and supporting those undertakings by 
 which the remains of classical antiquity in Greece 
 and the Levant have been explored and published 
 for the benefit of students and of the world. Before 
 recounting in detail their enterprises of this nature, a 
 few words on the previous history of archaeological 
 discovery and research in Europe will be in place. 
 
 From the days of the early Renaissance, the soil Earlier 
 of Italy, and especially that of Rome and its neigh- history of 
 bourhood, had been continually yielding up its ■ 
 treasures, and the passionate curiosity and admira- 
 tion excited by these, as well as by the remains of 
 ancient architecture still above ground in the same 
 country, had revolutionized the arts and the taste 
 of Europe. But Greece itself, and the sites of 
 Greek civilization in Thrace, Macedonia, Asia 
 Minor, and the Archipelago, had under the Turkish 
 dominion become practically inaccessible to students 
 from the West. Beyond the small number of 
 objects obtained from Greece by Poggio Bracciolini, 
 and the remains observed and inscriptions copied in 
 the islands by Ciriaco of Ancona, both of them in 
 the fifteenth century, there had existed only a very 
 meagre importation of antiquities from those coun- 
 tries into Venice ; and these had consisted chiefly 
 of the casual spoils of conquest. In promoting the 
 regular search for such antiquities, and thus laying 
 the foundations of what we now call the science 
 of Greek archaeology, England may fairly claim to 
 have taken a lead among the nations of Europe. 
 
70 History of the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 It was only in the seventeenth century that an 
 English nobleman found and used the opportunity 
 of giving a new stimulus to such research. 
 The Earl of This was the famous art-lover and collector, 
 Arundel. Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel. He had spent 
 some years at Rome, and there signalized himself 
 by his zeal and lavish expenditure in the collection 
 of ancient marbles and other antiquities. When Sir 
 Thomas Roe was appointed ambassador from James I 
 to the Ottoman Porte, in 1621, Arundel profited by 
 the occasion and endeavoured, through the new 
 ambassador, to secure some of the monuments of 
 Greek art known or reputed to be scattered among 
 the more famous classical sites of Greece itself and 
 of the Levant. Roe accordingly sent agents to the 
 sites on the Bosphorus and in the Troad ; but more 
 definite work was commenced in 1^27 by William 
 Petty, whom Arundel sent out as a special agent in 
 his interest. Arundel found an important rival in 
 George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, who used his 
 unparalleled influence at home and abroad to secure 
 such objects for his own collection, and established 
 a strong claim to a joint share with Arundel in the 
 results of Roe's efforts. 
 The Petty in 1625- visited Pergamon, Samos, Ephesus, 
 
 ^Marbles Chios, Smyrna, and Athens, and obtained a number of 
 marbles, including a valuable series of inscriptions. 
 These were dispatched home, and arrived at Arundel 
 House in 1 617 • and no less a person than John Selden 
 devoted his attention to deciphering the inscriptions, 
 which were published as the Marmora Arundelliana 
 in i(52 8. A fresh collection of marbles was sent 
 over in that year by Petty to Arundel, who after 
 Buckingham's assassination found a fresh rival in 
 Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery ; 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 71 
 
 while other collectors on a smaller scale sprang 
 up, including the king, Charles I, himself. The 
 civil wars put an end for the time being to these 
 pursuits. The collections of the king and the 
 Duke of Buckingham were dispersed, and Arundel 
 himself died in 1646, before the wars were ended. 
 There is no need here to describe in detail the 
 gradual dispersal and partial reunion of the famous 
 Arundel Marbles — how some went to Tart Hall and 
 were eventually sold ; how, after the bulk of the 
 collection had been shamefully ill-treated and 
 neglected by Arundel's grandson, all the inscriptions 
 which could be saved were presented to the Univer- 
 sity of Oxford j how another division of the collec- 
 tion found its way to the Earl of Pomfret's house at 
 Easton Neston, and after much mauling under the 
 pretence of restoration by one Guelfi, was eventually 
 reunited to the inscriptions at Oxford ; and how yet 
 another part went to form the nucleus of the 
 Earl of Pembroke's famous collection, still pre- 
 served at Wilton House. The Wilton collection 
 was presently much enlarged by the acquisition of 
 the antiques which had belonged to Cardinal 
 Mazarin, and of numerous busts collected some- 
 what indiscriminately in Italy by the eighth earl. 
 
 These were the great collections of classical other 
 antiquities gathered in England in the seventeenth collect{ 
 century, though a historian cannot neglect the 
 smaller cabinets formed by the third Earl of Win- 
 chilsea (d. 1696), the first Baron Carteret (d. 169?), 
 and Mr. John Kemp, F.R.S. ; the last sold in 1721. 
 Mention must also be made of the celebrated col- 
 lection of Dr. Mead (d. 17x3)? an d of that — including 
 miscellanies in almost every department of antiquity, 
 curiosity, and natural history — which was formed by 
 
7x History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Sir William Courten, passed afterwards to Sir Hans 
 Sloane, and finally became the nucleus of the British 
 Museum. The first Duke of Devonshire, Edward 
 Harley second Earl of Oxford, the fourth Earl of 
 Carlisle, the architect Earl of Burlington, and Sir 
 Andrew Fountaine, and above all Thomas Coke, 
 afterwards created first Earl of Leicester, were all 
 active collectors of antiquities in the early years of 
 the eighteenth century. 
 Explora- The attention of these several collectors and their 
 thns in agents had been almost entirely confined to the ac- 
 5?* : , , quisition of such works of sculpture and fragments 
 
 Notntel and r \ • 111 i i • i_ ■ 
 
 Carrey. °r architecture as were movable and portable within 
 reasonable expense. In the meantime a beginning 
 had been made in that other branch of classical 
 research in which the Dilettanti were by-and-by to 
 reap their especial laurels, that is, in the systematic 
 exploration and study of ancient monuments as 
 they were to be found existing in situ. About 1674 
 (or a little earlier) the Marquis Olier de Nointel, 
 French Ambassador to the Ottoman Porte, passed 
 through Athens, and was so much struck by the 
 beauty of the sculptures still remaining on the 
 Parthenon, that he employed a painter, by name 
 Jacques Carrey, a pupil of Le Brun, who accom- 
 panied him in 1674, to make careful drawings in red 
 chalk of all the sculptures which then survived. 
 Wars and earthquakes, the ravages of time and man, 
 had left little that remained of Greek sculpture 
 or architecture undamaged or entire. The Turks, 
 never a wilfully destructive race, had nevertheless 
 allowed in contemptuous negligence all the monu- 
 ments of antiquity which had survived the classical 
 days to perish slowly by reckless usage, decay, and 
 ruin. Even in Carrey's day the sculptures of the 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 73 
 
 Parthenon were in a very damaged and mutilated 
 state, but his drawings derive an especial value from 
 the fact of the further destruction which ensued 
 during the Venetian bombardment under Morosini 
 in 1687 1 . A narrative of De NointePs expedition 
 was published in 1 5 8 8 by Cornelio Magni, of Parma, 
 who accompanied it 2 . 
 
 Shortly after Carrey had commenced his drawings, Sj>o» and 
 in 167 j and 1676, a learned antiquary of Lyons, ^'fj^j 
 Jacob Spon, in company with an Englishman, Mr. ' 
 (afterwards Sir) George Wheler, travelled through 
 Greece and the Levant. Theirs was the first anti- 
 quarian expedition in those regions of which a 
 careful record has been kept, and although the in- 
 formation gathered by them has been supplemented 
 and in part superseded by subsequent travellers, 
 their labours served as a starting-point for all 
 those which immediately ensued. Spon published 
 an account of the expedition in 1 67 8 3 , and Sir George 
 Wheler an account in English four years later 4 . 
 
 1 Carrey's drawings of the Parthenon pediments are preserved 
 in the Louvre, and are well known by numerous reproductions in 
 archaeological works. But there exist other pictorial records of 
 M. de Nointel's expedition, in all likelihood also by Carrey's hand, 
 which have until recently escaped notice. These consist of (i) two 
 paintings in one of the upper galleries of the palace at Versailles, 
 representing the reception of the Embassy at Constantinople ; 
 and (1) a large picture recently deposited in the town museum at 
 Chartres, in which are represented M. de Nointel and his suite 
 received by the Turkish pasha at Athens. The town of Athens 
 appears in the background, with the Acropolis, on which are seen 
 the Parthenon, the Turkish minaret, and the mediaeval tower, 
 surrounded by the red roofs of houses standing crowded up to the 
 very walls of the enclosure. 
 
 2 Relatione della Citta £ Athene, colle Provincie delP Attica, Focia, 
 Beozia, etc. net Tempi che furono passeggiate da Cornelio Magni, Parme- 
 giano, Vanno 1674, e dallo stesso publicate V anno 1688. 
 
 3 Voyage d'ltalie, de Dalmatie, de Gre~ce et du Levant. Lyon, 1678. 
 
 4 A Journey into Greece by George Wheler, Esq., in company of 
 
74 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Another traveller in classical lands whose work 
 deserves recognition was Edmund Chishull of 
 Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Having received 
 from his college the 'traveller's place,' he was in 
 1698 appointed chaplain to the factory of the 
 Turkey Company at Smyrna, and during his 
 residence there made various expeditions in Asia 
 Minor and Turkey, of which he published ac- 
 counts which proved valuable to later explorers *. 
 Chishull found a friend and editor in the well- 
 known antiquary Dr. Mead, and also owed some of 
 his information to a French explorer in Asia Minor, 
 M. Pitton de Tournefort, the botanist, whose voyage 
 into the Levant was translated into English in 
 171 8. The published accounts of these several 
 travels, together with the impetus given to the 
 taste for Greek art by the marvellous yields of 
 archaeological excavation in Italy, and the attrac- 
 tion of an added spice of adventure, no doubt 
 supplied the stimulus which induced some young 
 English aristocrats on the Grand Tour, such as Lord 
 Sandwich, Lord Charlemont, Mr. Ponsonby, and 
 others, to extend their travels to Greece and the 
 coasts of Asia Minor. The experience gained and 
 interest awakened during these journeys were reflected 
 in the subsequent action of the Society of Dilettanti. 
 British Another group of persons who shared the pre- 
 
 artists in vailing enthusiasm for classical antiquity and 4 virtu ' 
 BrZlL ham was to ^ e found among the colony of British artists 
 and Gavin wno made Rome their head-quarters from the 
 Hamilton, early part of the eighteenth century. Among these 
 
 Dr. Span of Lyons, Lond. l(>8a, folio. Spon and Wheler met and 
 compared notes with M. de Nointel at Constantinople. 
 
 1 Inscriptio Sigea antiquissima, ijxi ; Antiauitates Asiaticae, etc., 
 1728; Travels in Turkey and back toEngland, 1 747 (a posthumous work). 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 75- 
 
 were two who are particularly identified with the 
 cause of archaeology, and whose services to the 
 collectors and amateurs of their age appear to have 
 been free from the charges of extortion and falsifica- 
 tion to which other purveyors of the antique then 
 laid themselves open : viz. Matthew Brettingham the 
 architect, who built the Earl of Leicester's house at 
 Holkham (1699-1769), and Gavin Hamilton the 
 painter (17 3 0-17 97). 
 
 In the course of the year 1742 there arrived two stuart and 
 others whose names were destined to be still more Revett, 
 honourably connected with the progress of the same 
 study, and with the work of the Society of Dilettanti 
 in particular. These were James Stuart and Nicholas 
 Revett. James Stuart was the son of a mariner of 
 North British extraction, and was born in London 
 in 1 7 1 3 . Losing his father at an early age, he for 
 a time supported his family by painting, and according 
 to tradition painted fans for Goupy, the celebrated 
 fan-painter in gouache. In 1742 he determined to go 
 to Rome, and made his way there on foot. At Rome 
 he not only studied art, but acquired a sufficient know- 
 ledge of the classical languages at the College of the 
 Propaganda to publish in 175*0 a treatise in Latin 1 
 on the obelisk found in the Campus Martius, which 
 attained sufficient notice to gain him a personal intro- 
 duction to the Pope. Nicholas Revett was a member 
 of a very ancient Suffolk family, being the second son 
 of John Revett of Brandeston Hall near Framling- 
 ham, where he was born about 1721. Determining 
 to become an artist, he left England on September 22, 
 1742, for Leghorn, and thence proceeded to Rome, 
 
 1 De Obelesco Caesaris August'/, Campo Mart'to Nuperrhne Ejfoso, 
 Epistola Jacobl Stuart Angli, ad Carolum Wentworth, Comitem de 
 Malton. Roma, 1750. 
 
76 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 where he studied under Cavaliere Benefiale, a painter 
 then in repute. In April, 1 748, he joined Brettingham, 
 Stuart, and young Gavin Hamilton in an expedition to 
 Naples, which they accomplished on foot, and it 
 appears to have been during this expedition that the 
 project of a journey to Athens was first mooted. At 
 any rate it was towards the close of this year that the 
 young men drew up the prospectus of a scheme 
 entitled c Proposals for publishing an accurate descrip- 
 tion of the antiquities of Athens, &C.' The idea seems 
 to have originated with Hamilton and Revett, and to 
 have been eagerly and warmly taken up by Stuart. 
 Their scheme receiving support and financial aid from 
 distinguished amateurs like Lord Charlemont and 
 Charles Watson-Wentworth, Earl of Malton (after- 
 wards Marquess of Rockingham), Stuart and Revett 
 quitted Rome for Venice in March, 1770. At Venice 
 they failed to obtain a ship for Greece and were 
 delayed for several months. Three of these months 
 they spent at Pola on the Dalmatian coast, occupying 
 themselves with a careful examination of the theatre 
 and other remains of classical antiquity in that city, 
 The result of these researches was subsequently 
 printed in vol. iv of The Antiquities of Athens : and 
 it was no doubt due to them that in 17^3 the 
 Dilettanti, as set forth in Chapter III, contemplated 
 constructing their new building on the model of 
 the temple of Pola. 
 sir James At Venice Stuart and Revett were thrown much 
 Or ay into the society of Sir James Gray, with con- 
 Wettojrt' seQ L uences of great importance both to the Society of 
 Dilettanti and to their own future labours. It has 
 been noted in Chapter II that at a meeting of the 
 Society on January <5, 1747, a mot i° n was carried 
 permitting any member residing in Italy to pro- 
 
SIR JAMES GRAY, BART. K B 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 77 
 
 pose candidates by letters; and at the same time 
 it was resolved that a letter be sent to Sir 
 James Gray acquainting him of this resolution. 
 Gray's situation, first as Secretary to the Embassy 
 and afterwards as British Resident at Venice, afforded 
 him special opportunities for enlisting young English 
 travellers in Italy among the ranks of the Dilettanti ; 
 but for a time few such travellers seem to have passed 
 his way. In May, 1746, it was resolved nem. con. 
 
 'That the Secretary do write to Sir James Gray to remind him 
 of his proper situation & peculiar ability to procure members for 
 this Society/ 
 
 He had already proposed by letter in May, 1745", Election of 
 the Earl of Holdernesse, the Earl of Ashburnham, Stuart and 
 and Mr. St. George \ and in December, 1746, in Revett - 
 response to the above reminder, he wrote to propose 
 Lord Hobart and Sir Thomas Sebright. His next 
 candidate was Mr. Steavens, in May, 17x0; in the 
 course of same year he proposed his new acquain- 
 tances Stuart and Revett, together with a Mr. Trench; 
 and the three were duly elected at the meeting in 
 March, 17 s 1 - The election of the two young artists 
 was a new departure for the Dilettanti, since their 
 members, with the exception of Knapton, had hitherto 
 been drawn from those who by rank or wealth figured 
 as social leaders, and proved an important event 
 for the Society, leading, as we shall presently see, to 
 its first corporate venture in the domain of Greek 
 archaeology. 
 
 It was not until January, 175-1, that Stuart and Their 
 Revett succeeded in embarking from Venice. They expedition to 
 travelled by Zante, Chiarenza (or Cyllene), Patras, Athens - 
 Corinth, Cenchrea, Megara, Salamis, and arrived at 
 the Piraeus on March 17, and at Athens on the 
 following day. In the following May there arrived 
 
78 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 at Athens two English gentlemen of culture and 
 learning, who were engaged, like themselves, on a 
 voyage of archaeological research, and only wanted 
 the services of practical artists to give greater utility 
 and completeness to their work. 
 Dawkins In 17 jo Mr. John Bouverie, Mr. James Dawkins, 
 and Wood, and Mr. Robert Wood had started on a journey of 
 exploration through the west of Asia Minor ; they 
 had visited Cyzicus, Pergamus, Sardis, Teos, Ephesus, 
 Miletus, and Magnesia on the coast, and at the last 
 place Bouverie had died. Dawkins and Wood came 
 to Athens soon after, and remained there some time, 
 joining with Stuart and Revett in explorations, but 
 not interfering with their work. In fact it was by 
 means of the liberality of Mr. Dawkins that Stuart 
 and Revett were enabled to carry through their 
 work at Athens. In March, 175-1, Dawkins and 
 Wood left for their celebrated expedition to Palmyra 
 and Baalbec. Not long afterwards tumults arose in 
 Athens, due to the misrule of the Turkish Govern- 
 ment, and in March, 17^3, Stuart and Revett thought 
 it advisable to go to Smyrna for a short time, visiting 
 Delos and Scio on the way. They returned in 
 June, but were again driven away in the follow- 
 ing September both by the tumults and by a more 
 formidable enemy, the plague, without having com- 
 pleted their work of measuring all the buildings on 
 the Acropolis. They became involved in a serious 
 dispute with the British Consul, a Greek, and as a 
 new pasha was appointed to govern the district 
 about the same time, Stuart decided to avail himself 
 of the escort of the retiring pasha to Constantinople 
 to have his position secured by a firman. The escort 
 proved treacherous, and Stuart more than once ran 
 considerable risk of being murdered. He succeeded 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 79 
 
 however in escaping, and arrived at Salonica, where 
 he was subsequently joined by Revett, and whence 
 the two made their way together again to Smyrna. 
 The continuance of the plague rendered it impossible 
 for them to return to Athens to complete their 
 measurements and researches, and they arrived in 
 England,after a long quarantine at Marseilles, early in 
 175-7. Meanwhile a fresh prospectus of the proposed 
 publication of their researches had been issued in 
 London by Colonel George Gray of the Society of 
 Dilettanti in 1771 ; another was provided and issued 
 in 17 s 2 by Mr. Dawkins and Mr. Wood ; and another 
 in 17 si by Consul Smith at Venice. 
 
 It is important to notice these dates, because a Le Roy and 
 Frenchman, M. Le Roy, was moved to undertake a rival Dalton > 
 journey in the interests of France, and was supported 
 both by royal favour and private interest. He did 
 not however leave Rome for Athens until 1773. He 
 published an account of his researches illustrated with 
 plates, and an English translation, also illustrated, was 
 brought out by Robert Sayer in 175*9, evidently 
 in rivalry with the projected publication of Stuart 
 and Revett, whose appearance it anticipated by three 
 years. Richard Dalton also, who accompanied Lord 
 Charlemont to Greece in 1749, an d was afterwards 
 employed by George III, made several drawings of 
 Athenian antiquities which he engraved ; but they 
 are of little value either for art or archaeology. 
 
 On their return to England Stuart and Revett The 
 were at once admitted as members of the Society of ^'j^ffj 1 
 Dilettanti, to which, as we have seen, they had been Antiquities 
 elected at Venice four years before ; and in April, of Athens: 
 17 57, Stuart proposed Mr. James Dawkins as a member. 
 Stuart's patron, the Marquess of Rockingham, had 
 been elected in the preceding February ; Lord 
 
8o History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Charlemont was proposed by Mr. Dawkins and 
 elected in. March, 1756 ; Mr. Robert Wood joined 
 the Society a few years later, in 1763. Stuart and 
 Revett set to work to arrange their notes and draw- 
 ings for printing and engraving, and issued a fresh 
 prospectus of their intended publication. In their 
 expenses they were assisted by many members of 
 the Dilettanti. In March, i7 5"7, it was resolved 
 
 'That the Society do present the Authors of the Antiquities 
 of Attica with the sum of Twenty Guineas for their first Volume 
 and for the further Encouragement of so great and usefull a Work do 
 intend the same sum for each Volume as they shall be published/ 
 
 It was not however until 176 2 that the authors 
 were able to issue the first volume of The Antiquities 
 of Athens, measured and delineated by James Stuart, F.j\S. 
 and F.S.jf., and Nicholas Revett, painters and architects, 
 with a dedication to the king. Many names of the 
 Dilettanti appear in the list of subscribers \ the Duke 
 of Bedford took two sets, Sir Francis Dashwood 
 five, Mr. James Dawkins (who died in 1779) na d 
 subscribed for twenty, the Marquess of Rockingham 
 for six, in addition to those taken by other members 
 of his family, and Mr. Wood for eight. On 
 January 23, 1763, it was ordered by the Dilettanti 
 
 ' That the thanks of the Society be returned to M rs . Stuart and 
 Revett for their attention in presenting them with their Book of the 
 Antiquities of Athens so magnificently and elegantly bound.' 
 
 :ess of The success of this volume was instantaneous and 
 volume, remarkable. Stuart found himself famous, and was 
 for ever afterwards known as 4 Athenian Stuart M 
 
 1 It would appear that even before the publication of the work 
 Stuart had expatiated freely upon its merits and those of the artists 
 concerned, for there is a tradition, apparently well founded, that 
 Hogarth's caricature of ' The Five Orders of Perriwigs,' published 
 in 1 76 1, was intended as a satire on the authors of The Antiquities 
 of Athens. This engraving is styled by Hogarth 4 The Five Orders 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 81 
 
 The work for the first time revealed to the educated 
 public the important place in the history of art 
 which the existing remains of Greek sculpture and 
 architecture still have a right to hold. The pub- 
 lications of Dawkins and Wood on the ruins at 
 Palmyra and Baalbec had excited interest, but had 
 not appealed to the imagination of a class mainly 
 educated on classical lines in so direct a manner 
 as The Antiquities of Athens. ' Grecian Gusto ' became 
 the fashionable craze of the moment, and Stuart 
 and Revett found themselves elevated to the posi- 
 tions of fashionable architects in a new but, it must 
 be confessed, sadly inadequate application of the 
 classical style to domestic use. It is from the 
 publication of this first volume of Stuart and 
 Revett's researches that the modern study of Greek 
 archaeology may be said to date ; and although the 
 Dilettanti were not responsible as a body for its 
 publication, yet without the support which they 
 gave to it, individually and as a society, the book 
 might very probably have never seen the light. 
 
 The success of this publication, and the accession The Society 
 to the Society, not only of Stuart and Revett, sends " n 
 but also of Dawkins, Wood, Charlemont, and '^Asia* 
 Rockingham, led the Dilettanti to concentrate Minor. 
 their thoughts on a new scheme for the continua- 
 tion of these researches in Greece and Asia Minor. 
 On the regretted death of Mr. Dawkins in 17J9, 
 he left a legacy of -£yoo to the Society, of which 
 the following notices occur in the minutes — 
 
 * May, 175:9. Mr. Revett deliverd a message from Mr. Dawkins 
 
 of Perriwigs as they were worn at the late Coronation, measured 
 Architectonically,' with a further statement that ' Least the Beauty 
 of these capitals should chiefly depend, as usual, on the delicacy of 
 the engraving, the Author hath etched thtm with his own hand.' 
 
 t G 
 
8i History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 that he was ready to pay the £^oo, left as a Legacy by his Late 
 Brother towards the Building or an Academy whenever the Society 
 are ready to receive the same. 
 
 £ Order'd Mr. Revett to return the Thanks of the Society to 
 Mr. Dawkins and that they will lett him know when they think 
 themselves Intitled to receive the said legacy. 
 
 * In order to show the Society's great regard for our late worthy 
 member Mr. Dawkins, the Society proceeded to Ballot for the 
 Deceas'd's Brother and he was Elected.' 
 
 On May i, 1763, it is recorded 
 
 c Received of Col. Gray £^00 paid to him by Mr. Henry 
 Dawkins, being a Legacy left to the Society by his Brother Mr. 
 James Dawkins, and for which sum Col. Gray has given a receipt 
 sign'd by him to s d Mr. Henry Dawkins.' 
 
 After some consideration, actuated no doubt by 
 a desire not to interfere with the future publication 
 of Stuart and Revett's remaining material from 
 Athens, and also probably at the advice of Mr. 
 Robert Wood, the Society in 17^4 determined to 
 apply a portion of the funds — which had accumulated 
 to a fairly large sum since the last scheme for 
 erecting a building had been abandoned — to sending 
 out an expedition to Asia Minor at the cost and 
 under the control of the Society. In the words 
 of the preface of the Society's first publication — 
 
 ' Upon a Report of the State of the Society's Finances in the 
 year 1764, it appeared that they were possessed of a Considerable 
 Sum above their current Services required. Various Schemes were 
 proposed for applying part of this Money to some Purpose j which 
 might promote Taste, and do Honour to the Society, and after 
 some Consideration it was resolved " That a Person or Persons 
 properly qualified should be sent, with sufficient Appointments 
 to certain Parts of the East, to collect Informations relative to the 
 former State of those countries, and particularly to procure exact 
 descriptions of the Ruins of such Monuments of Antiquity 
 as are yet to be seen in those Parts." 
 
 c Three Persons were elected for this undertaking. Mr. Chandler 
 of Magdalen College, Oxford, Editor of the Marmcra Oxontensta, 
 was appointed to execute the Classical Part of the Plan. The 
 Province of Architectuie was assigned to Mr. Revett, who had 
 
HON . WILLI AM PONSONBY, 
 afterwards Earl of rjesstorough . 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 83 
 
 already given a Satisfactory specimen of his Accuracy and Diligence 
 in his Measures of the remains of Antiquity at Athens. The 
 choice of a Proper Person for taking Views, and copying Bass 
 ReliePs, fell upon Mr. Pars, a young Painter of promising Talents. 
 A Committee was appointed to fix their Salaries, and draw up 
 their Instructions, in which, at the same time that the different 
 objects of their respective Departments were distinctly pointed 
 out, they were all strictly enjoined to keep a regular journal, and 
 hold a constant Correspondence with the Society.' 
 
 It is interesting to record the names of the com- 
 mittee who were appointed to draw up the instructions 
 for this expedition. They were Lord le Despencer 
 (Sir Francis Dash wood), chairman ; Sir James Gray, 
 Mr. Shirley, Lord Hyde, Colonel Denny, Colonel 
 Gray, Mr. Howe, Mr. Fauquier, Earl of Bessborough, 
 Earl of Sandwich, Mr. Ellis, Duke of Bedford, Duke 
 of Kingston, Mr. Dingley, Mr. Stuart, Mr. Revett, 
 Mr. Berkeley; and the committee called to their 
 assistance Lord Middlesex, Mr. Wood (of Palmyra 
 fame), Mr. Robinson (afterwards Sir Thomas), Marquess 
 of Tavistock, Lord Warkworth, Earl of Charlemont, 
 and Mr. Brand. It is to the credit of these gentlemen 
 and noblemen, some of whom have borne but little 
 character for seriousness in their life, that the 
 instructions laid down by them were not only clear 
 and distinct in their conception, but were carried 
 out with conspicuous success by those upon whom 
 they were enjoined. 
 
 At the meeting of the Society in April, 1764, the chandler, 
 resolutions of the committee were adopted, it being Revett > at 
 also ordered ars ' 
 
 ' That a sum not exceeding Two Thousand pounds be appro- 
 priated to the above excellent Purpose ; ' and ( That when such 
 Persons properly qualified can be procured and are approved of by 
 the Society, an application be made to His Majesty and His 
 Ministers for the strongest and best Recommendations to the 
 Embassadors, Ministers, and Consuls, and also to the Turky 
 Company in order to facilitate the Operations of such Persons/ 
 
 G 2 
 
84 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 At their meeting in the following May the 
 Society agreed to the appointment of Messrs. 
 Chandler, Revett, and Pars, and ordered that 
 
 e Upon the best Calculation that can be made the scheme 
 proposed may be carried into execution at the rate of about eight 
 hundred pounds a year/ 
 
 The choice of Mr. Richard Chandler to take 
 charge of this expedition shows the serious spirit 
 in which the Dilettanti set about this work. 
 Chandler, a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 
 was introduced to them by Mr. Robert Wood, 
 who had helped and advised Stuart and Revett 
 in their Antiquities of Athens, although he only 
 joined the Dilettanti in 1763. Chandler had 
 already performed an important service to Greek 
 archaeology by his description of the Arundel 
 Marbles at Oxford, published in two folio volumes, 
 entitled Marmora Oxoniensia, at the expense of the 
 University Chest. He was thus admirably fitted 
 by previous training for such a task as that now 
 entrusted to him. Revett's skill in measuring 
 and drawing monuments of sculpture and archi- 
 tecture had already been tested. William Pars 
 was a young painter who had just gained a medal 
 from the Society of Arts. 
 
 Instructions The following instructions were drawn up by 
 
 to the Mr. Wood 1 : — 
 
 expedition. 
 
 'Instructions for Mr. Chandler, Mr. Revett and Mr. Pars. 
 Whereas the Society of Dilettanti have resolved that a person or 
 persons properly qualified be sent, with sufficient appointments, 
 to some parts of the East, in order to collect informations, and to 
 make observations relative to the ancient state of these countries, 
 and to such monuments of antiquity as are still remaining ; and the 
 Society having further resolved that a sum not exceeding £xooo 
 be appropriated to that purpose, and having also appointed you 
 
 1 Dr. Chandler's Travels in Asia Minor, ijj^. 
 
History of the Society of "Dilettanti Sf 
 
 to execute their orders on this head • We the Committee, entrusted 
 by the Society with the care and management of this scheme, have 
 agreed upon the following instructions for your direction in the 
 discharge of that duty to which you are appointed, 
 
 i. You are forthwith to embark on Board the Anglican a, 
 Captain Stewart, and to proceed to Smyrna, where you will 
 present to Consul Hayes the letters which have been de- 
 livered to you from one of His Majesty's Principal Secretaries 
 of State, and from the Turkey Company and you will 
 consult with Mr. Hayes about the most effectual method 
 of carrying these instructions into execution, 
 z. The principal object at present is that, fixing on Smyrna 
 as your head-quarters, you do from thence make excursions 
 to the several remains of antiquity in that neighbourhood, 
 at such different times and in such manner as you shall, 
 from the information collected on the spot, judge most safe 
 and convenient j and that you do procure the exactest plans 
 and measures possible of the buildings you shall find, making 
 accurate drawings of the basreliefs and ornaments, and 
 taking such views as you shall judge proper; copying all 
 the inscriptions you shall meet with, and remarking every 
 circumstance, which can contribute towards giving the best 
 idea of the ancient and present state of these places. 
 3. As various circumstances, best learnt on the spot, must 
 decide the order in which you shall proceed in the execution 
 of the foregoing article, we shall not confine you in that 
 respect, and shall only observe in general, that by a judicious 
 distribution of your time and business you may, with proper 
 diligence, in about twelve months visit every place worthy 
 your notice within eight and ten days journey of Smyrna. 
 It may be most advisable to begin with such objects as are 
 less distant from that city, and which may give you an 
 opportunity of soon transmitting to the Society a specimen 
 of your labours. You will be exact in marking distances and 
 the direction in which you travel, by frequently observing 
 your watches and pocket compasses, and you will take the 
 variation as often as you can. 
 4.. Though the principal view of the Society in this scheme is 
 pointed at such discoveries and observations, as you shall 
 be able to make with regard to the ancient state of those 
 countries, yet it is by no means intended to confine you to 
 that province : on the contrary, it is expected that you do 
 report to us for the information of the Society whatever can 
 fall within the notice of curious and observing travelleiSj 
 and, in order to ascertain more fully our meaning on this 
 
86 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 head, we do hereby direct, that, from this day of your 
 departure from hence to that of your return, you do each 
 of you keep a very minute journal of every day's occurrences 
 and observations, representing things exactly in the light 
 in which they strike you, in the plainest manner and 
 without regard to style or language, except that of being 
 intelligible ; and that you do deliver the same, with what- 
 ever drawings you shall have made (which are to be con- 
 sidered the property of the Society) to Mr. Hayes, to be 
 by him transmitted, as often as conveyances shall offer to 
 us, under cover to William Russell, Esq., Secretary to the 
 Levant Company, and you shall receive from us, through the 
 same channel, such further orders as we may judge necessary. 
 
 f. Having ordered the sum of £xoo to be invested in Mr. 
 Chandler's hands to defray all expenses which may be in- 
 curred till your arrival at Smyrna, we have also ordered 
 a credit in your favour to the amount of £800 per annum , 
 to commence from the date of your arrival at that place ; 
 you giving drafts signed by Mr. Chandler and Mr. Revett, 
 or Mr. Pars ; the whole to be disposed of as follows, viz : — 
 £100 a year to Mr. Revett, £80 a year to Mr. Pars, who 
 are each of them to be paid one quarter in advance ; the 
 remaining £6ro to be applied to the common purposes 
 of the Journey by Mr. Chandler, who is to be Treasurer, 
 paymaster and accomptant, and may appropriate to his own 
 private use such part of that sum as he shall find necessary, 
 informing us of his management of the common stock, and 
 transmitting to us his account from time to time. 
 
 6. And though our entire confidence in your prudence and dis- 
 cretion leaves us no room to doubt but that perfect harmony 
 and good understanding, which are so necessary as well to 
 your own happiness as to the success of the undertaking, will 
 subsist among you, yet in order to prevent any possible 
 dispute which might arise about different measures in the 
 course of this expedition ; we expressly declare, that the 
 direction of the whole is hereby lodged in Mr. Chandler, 
 assisted by Mr. Revett. And though Mr. Revett and 
 Mr. Pars should protest against any measure proposed by 
 Mr. Chandler it is our meaning that any such difference 
 of opinion should not in the least interrupt or suspend your 
 operations ; but that, at the same time that such persons as 
 dissent from or disapprove of what is proposed shall transmit 
 to us their reasons for such dissent, they do notwithstanding 
 continue to pursue Mr. Chandler's plan until they receive 
 our further orders for their conduct. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 87 
 
 Given under our hands, at the Star and Garter, this 17th day 
 of May 1764. 
 
 (Signed) Charlemont Middlesex 
 
 Rob. Wood Le Despenser 
 
 Tho. Brand J. Gray 
 
 Wm. Fauquier Besborough.' 
 James Stuart 
 
 In accordance with the above instructions Chandler, Work in the 
 Revett, and Pars quitted England on June 9, 1764, J™?f and 
 in the ship Anglicana, Captain Stewart, bound for 
 Constantinople. They were landed in the Darda- 
 nelles, and took the opportunity of visiting the 
 Troad with the plains of Troy and the Sigean 
 promontory, where Chandler copied the celebrated 
 inscription, which was in later days brought itself 
 to England. On leaving the Dardanelles they 
 travelled by Tenedos and Scio to Smyrna, where 
 they arrived on September 11. Making Smyrna 
 their head-quarters, as directed by the Dilettanti, 
 they made two prolonged excursions in the neighbour- 
 hood (September 30 — October 29, 1764, March 25- — 
 August 8, 1765)- Among the most important 
 antiquities explored by them were the temple of 
 Apollo Didymaeus, near Miletus, and the Sacred Way 
 leading up to the temple from the harbour, with the 
 seated figures of the priestly clan of the Branchidae, 
 which were destined, nearly a century later, to be 
 secured for the British nation by another explorer, 
 Mr. Newton, also a leading member of the Dilettanti 
 Society. They also explored Clazomenae, Erythrae, 
 Teos, Priene, Tralles, Laodicea, Sardis, Philadelphia, 
 and Magnesia. Further work in Asia Minor was, 
 however, checked by the most serious enemy which 
 foreigners could encounter — an outbreak of the 
 plague. The party nevertheless succeeded in getting 
 to Smyrna, and left that place on August 20 
 
88 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 for Athens, which they reached on August 31, 
 after touching at Sunium and Aegina on the way. 
 From time to time they sent home to the Society 
 of Dilettanti a consignment of journals and draw- 
 ings, as appears from the report in the committee- 
 book. 
 
 Approval of At a committee meeting on May 1, 176 
 tie Society. Mr. Fauquier reported 
 
 e That Messrs. Rivett, Chandler and Pars had drawn for £800 
 viz : — .£400 on the 3rd August 1764 from Leghorn, and .£400 on 
 the 2.2nd January 1765 from Smyrna which Drafts had been paid, 
 and that their credit was now out. Ordered that a Letter of 
 Credit be sent to Leghorn to empower the said Gentlemen to draw 
 on the Society for £800 more, viz : — £4.00 in July next and £400 
 in January next. Mr. Wood produced to the Committee Letters 
 from the said Gentlemen viz : — one from on board the Anglicana 
 dated 25th Augt. 64, three from Smyrna bearing ztfth Sept. and. 
 Novr. and the 5th of Jany. last and also a Journal from the 51th 
 of June to the 3rd of September last. 
 
 c Order' d the said Letters and Journal be enter'd in a fair hand 
 in a Book to be provided for that purpose. 
 
 c The Several Drawings following made by Mr. Rivett and Mr. 
 Pars were produc'd to the Committee viz : — Two views and 
 a plan of a ruin'd Building at Troas an Inscription on a Pedestal 
 with the ornaments of the same a Fragment of a Basso Relievo, and 
 a Copy of the Sigean Inscription/ 
 
 All which met with the approbation of the com- 
 mittee. 
 
 c Resolv'd that it is the opinion of this Committee that Messrs. 
 Rivett, Chandler and Pars have (as far as they have gone) complied 
 with their Instructions, and answer'd the intent and meaning 
 of the Society in sending them.' 
 
 At a committee on December i o — 
 
 £ A Letter from Mr. Chandler dated Smyrna 14th Augt. was 
 read. Mr. Fauquier reported to the Committee that Messrs. 
 Chandler, Rivett, and Pars had drawn on Messrs. Backwells & 
 Co., two Bills for £400 each and that these Bills had been paid. 
 Several Drawings of Architecture and Basso relievos and many 
 Greek Inscriptions sent by the said Gentlemen were produced to 
 the Committee and met with the approbation of the Committee. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 89 
 
 c Resolv'd that it is the opinion of this Committee that Messrs. 
 Chandler, Rivett and Pars have so well answer' d the meaning and 
 intent of the Society in sending them to Greece that they deserved 
 commendation and further encouragement/ 
 
 In the minutes of December if, 1765", it was 
 ordered 
 
 'That the Drawings sent by Messrs. Chandler and Co., from 
 Greece, be sent to the Star and Garter in Pall Mall on the first Sunday 
 in Febry to be seen by the members of the Society from the hours 
 of Eleven o'clock to four o'clock and not afterwards that day.' 
 
 On February 6, 1766, at the committee 
 
 c Mr. Wood produced to the Committee several Views and 
 Drawings of Architecture sent by the Gentlemen in Greece all 
 which met with the approbation of the Committee.' 
 
 e The Committee took into consideration the Order of the Society 
 at their last meeting (On Feb. z) viz : — that the Further sum of 
 £^oo be granted to the Committee for the use of the Gentlemen 
 employ'd in the East, in order to bring them home through the 
 Morea or Magna Grecia if Practicable • if not that they be confined 
 to such a sum as will bring them home in the most frugal and 
 expeditious manner any former resolution to the contrary not- 
 withstanding.' 
 
 'Resolv'd that it is the opinion of this Committee that the 
 Gentlemen in Greece have taken great Pains in the several Draw- 
 ings transmitted to the Society.' 
 
 ' Resolv'd that a Letter be wrote to the said Gentlemen acquaint- 
 ing them that their Performances had given Satisfaction to the 
 Society, and that in consequence thereof They had granted a 
 further sum of £%oo> to the Committee for the purpose of bringing 
 them home through the Morea and Magna Grecia, if Practicable.' 
 
 Chandler's party remained at Athens until June 1 1, Work in 
 1766^ completing 1 some of the work which Stuart ^ ttlca a ' 
 and Revett had been compelled to leave unfinished, * e m 
 and visiting Marathon, Eleusis, Megara, Epidaurus, 
 Delphi, Salamis, Aegina, Nemea, Corinth, and in 
 the Peloponnesus Nauplia, Argos, Mycenae, and 
 Chiarenza (or Cyllene), Patras, Olympia, and the 
 plain of Elis. From the latter place they made 
 their way to Zante, from whence they eventually 
 
90 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Return and 
 reception 
 of the 
 explorers. 
 
 took ship on September i, 1766, for England, 
 and landed at Bristol on November 2 following; 
 their return having been hastened by an illness 
 which most of the party contracted in Elis. 
 
 On reaching London Chandler lost no time in 
 handing over to the Society his journal, drawings, 
 copies of inscriptions, and all the marbles collected 
 by him during the expedition. At the committee 
 on December 2, 1766, 
 
 c Mr. Chandler and Mr. Pars attending were called in. Many 
 Drawings and Measurements of Architecture were produced by 
 Mr. Revett and also a great Variety of Views and Drawings of 
 Basso relievos of the Temple of Minerva at Athens and others 
 were produced by Mr. Pars, which appeared to the Committee to 
 be all done with Taste and Accurateness.' 
 
 c Mr. Chandler brought to the Committee a Basso Relievo part 
 of the Frieze of the Temple of Minerva representing a Horse's 
 Head and Bust of a Man of Exquisite Workmanship, and acquainted 
 the Committee that He had some other Marbles brought from 
 Athens particularly a very Curious Inscription relating to the 
 architecture of the Temple of Minerva.' 
 
 ' Resolv'd That it is the opinion of this Committee that Mr. 
 Chandler, Mr. Revett and Mr. Pars have each of them in their 
 respective departments fulfill'd the Expectations of the Society, and 
 that They deserve the Thanks and further Encouragement of the 
 Society.' 
 
 On December 1 1 the committee met and resolved 
 
 c That at the next meeting of the Committee the Gentlemen 
 who are return'd from the East do deliver into the hands of the 
 Committee the Journal Drawings and Marbles, which they have 
 brought with them. 
 
 'Resolv'd that at the next meeting of the Committee the 
 remaining part of the £^oo granted to the Committee the and 
 of Feb. last for the use of the Travellers in the East be disposed 
 of by that Committee in the manner they think most proper.' 
 
 The sum amounted to £400, and on January 17, 
 1767, 
 
 ' The Committee having very maturely consider^ the Works 
 perform'd by Messrs Chandler, Rivett & Pars and their Gratefull 
 and Proper behaviour, came to the following resolution. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 91 
 
 c ResolvM that Four hundred Pounds (being the remaining part 
 of the £,%oo voted the 2nd of Febry. last) be divided equally 
 between them and to be paid to them directly, on condition that 
 they each of them in their respective departments do Promise to 
 deliver their works in such Order and Arrangement as shall appear 
 satisfactoiy to the Committee.' 
 
 The journals, drawings, marbles, and inscriptions, The c Ionian 
 copied by Chandler, Revett, and Pars during their 7 
 expedition, having been delivered up by them to Iboie" of 
 the Society of Dilettanti, the committee appointed materials. 
 to supervise the expedition proceeded to make a 
 selection from them of what seemed most suitable for 
 publication. In view of the projected continuance 
 of Stuart's publication, The Antiquities of Athens, the 
 committee evidently considered it advisable not to 
 spend their money on that part of the material 
 before them which would be likely to conflict with 
 Stuart's work, and was really little more than a 
 supplement to it. In the preface to the Ionian 
 Antiquities the Society state that 
 
 c The Materials which they brought home were thought not 
 unworthy of the Public : The Society therefore directed them to 
 give a Specimen of their Labours out of what they had found 
 most worthy of Observation in Ionia ; a Country in many re- 
 spects curious, and perhaps, after Attica, the most deserving the 
 Attention of a Classical Traveller. Athens, it is true, having 
 had the good Fortune to possess more original Genius than ever 
 was collected in so narrow a Compass at one Period, reaped the 
 Fruits of literary Competition in a degree that never fell to the 
 lot of any other People, and has been generally allowed to fix 
 the Aera which has done most Honour to Science, and to take 
 the lead among the antient Greek Republics in matters of Taste : 
 However, it is much to be doubted, whether, upon a fair Enquiry 
 into the Rise and Progress of Letters and Arts, they do not, 
 upon the whole, owe as much to Ionia, and the adjoining 
 Coast, as to any other Country of Antiquity.' 
 
 c The Knowledge of Nature was first taught in the Ionic 
 School : And as Geometry, Astronomy, and other Branches of the 
 Mathematics, were cultivated here sooner than in other Parts 
 of Greece, it is not extraordinary that the first Greek Navigators, 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 who passed the Pillars of Hercules, and extended their Commerce 
 to the Ocean, should have been Ionians. Here History had its 
 Birth, and here it acquired a considerable degree of Perfection. 
 The first Writer who reduced the knowledge of Medicine or the 
 Means of preserving Health, to an Art, was of this Neighbourhood : 
 And here the Father of Poetry produced a Standard for Composition, 
 which no Age or Country have dared to depart from, or have been 
 able to surpass. But Architecture belongs more particularly to 
 this Country than to any other • and of the three Greek Orders it 
 seems justly entitled to the Honour of having invented the two 
 first, though one of them only bears its Name; for though the 
 Temple of Juno at Argos suggested the general Idea of what was 
 after called the Doric, its Proportions were first established here. 
 As to the other Arts which also depend upon Design, They have 
 flourished no where more than in Ionia ; nor has any Spot, of the 
 same Extent produced more Painters and Sculptors of distin- 
 guished Talents. Among the Remains of Antiquity which have 
 hitherto escaped the Injuries of Time, there are none in which 
 our Curiosity is more interested than the Ruins of those Buildings 
 which were distinguished by Vitruvius and other antient Writers, 
 for their Elegance and Magnificence. Such are the Temple of 
 Bacchus at Teos, the Country of Anacreon ; the Temple dedicated 
 to Minerva, at Priene, by Alexander of Macedon ; and the 
 famous temple of Apollo Didymaeus, near Miletus. However 
 mutilated and decayed these Buildings now are, yet surely every 
 Fragment is valuable, which preserves, in some degree, the Ideas 
 of Symmetry and Proportion which prevailed at that happy Period 
 of Taste.' 
 
 The three temples mentioned in this extract 
 
 formed therefore the material for the volume to be 
 
 issued by the Society of Dilettanti. The committee 
 
 on January 31, 1767, recorded that 
 
 c Having considered the Drawings of the Views, architecture, 
 and Bass Reliefs, of Asia Minor, It is their Opinion, That they 
 be engraved at the expence of the Society, and that such part of 
 the Journals and Inscriptions be published as relates thereto.' 
 
 On February 7, 1767, 
 
 { It appears to the Committee that the Publishing the Drawings 
 etc. by Degrees is the properest method, and have selected from 
 them Three of the most curious and Interesting subjects as the 
 first specimen of the intended work : viz : — one view of the 
 Temple of Apollo Didymaeus, called the Branchidae, Four pieces 
 
 Preparation 
 and 
 
 publication 
 of the 
 volume. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 93 
 
 of Architecture and Views, The Temple of Minerva Polias at 
 Priene, and five Pieces of Architecture, Two pieces of architecture 
 of the Temple of Bacchus at Teos, The engraving of which will 
 amount to about the sum of ;£i8o.' 
 
 This was agreed to by the Society in March. On 
 February 14, 1767, 
 
 c Mr. Rivett was desired to shade some of the drawings of 
 Architecture ready for the Engraver, and to produce them to the 
 Committee on Saturday the z8th instant to which day the Com- 
 mittee adjourned/ 
 
 At this next meeting of the committee (of which no 
 record has been kept) it must have been decided 
 to publish a volume to be entitled a Specimen of 
 the work intended by the Society, for on March 7, 
 1767, it was resolved 
 
 £ That it is the opinion of the Committee That at least One 
 hundred and fifty Copies of the first specimen of the intended work 
 be engraved, and Printed, for the use of the Society.' 
 
 And on March 8, 1767, it is recorded that 
 
 c Majr Genl Gray laid before the Committee the sums already 
 expended in the plates for the specimen amounting to about £x<)0 
 and was desired to proceed as he shall find necessary.' 
 
 In March, 1768, it was ordered by the Society 
 
 ( That a Committee of the whole society be appointed to meet 
 on Teusday {sic) the 8th day of March at 1 1 o'clock in the morning 
 to consider further on the publication of the first specimen of the 
 intended work. That five members do constitute a Committee, 
 and that they be empower'd to give such orders and directions with 
 respect to the said work, or any other matters relative thereto as 
 to them shall seem necessary, and that they have power to adjourn 
 themselves from time to time.' 
 
 The meetings of this committee have not been 
 recorded, there being a hiatus valde deflendus (as a 
 later Secretary has it) in the committee-book for 
 some years. The work, however, progressed, as is 
 shown from the payments in the minute-book. 
 
94- History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 'May 1768. Paid to Mr. Revett and Pars an account for 
 Copper Plates for specimen . . . 2 o 
 
 To Do. on Do. account .... £^0 o o 
 
 Presentation The specimen was, however, ready for publication 
 copies. j n the following March, 17^9, when it was ordered 
 that copies of the same should be sent to the King 
 and Queen, the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, 
 Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Dublin ; the Royal Society, 
 Royal Academy, Society of Antiquaries, and British 
 Museum. In April it was further ordered that 
 copies should be sent to the King of Spain and 
 the Universities of St. Andrews and Aberdeen. 
 The book was ready in the following May, when 
 it was resolved 
 
 c That the books of the specimen of Ionian Antiquities be pre- 
 sented to the several personages and Societies according to the list 
 sent in by Coll. Gray ' ; 
 
 and the following payments were made among others : 
 
 To Mr. Revett on account ..... £<jo 
 
 To Do. for printing papers &c. . . 100 
 To Mr. Pars for finishing and making new draw- 
 ings colouring Sec. ...... 42 
 
 To Mr. Revett on account . . . . . 25 
 
 The presentation of the volumes to the King and 
 the Queen was entrusted to Lord le Despencer, 
 who reported to the Society at their meeting on 
 January 14, 1770, 
 
 c That pursuant to their request he had presented the Book 
 of the Specimen of Ionian Antiquities to the King, having previously 
 obtained permission from his Majesty to Inscribe the Book to Him 
 and that the Book had been most graciously received by His 
 Majesty, who was pleased to declare his approbation of the work.' 
 
 Lord le Despencer also reported to the Society 
 
 c That he had deliver'd another Book of the Specimen of Ionian 
 Antiquities to Lord De Lawarr Chamberlain to the Queen as the 
 proper Channel thro' which it might be presented to Her Majesty 
 who was pleased to receive it most graciously.' 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 95- 
 
 Sir James Gray, who had now been for some years 
 Ambassador and Plenipotentiary to the Court of 
 Spain, reported at the same meeting — 
 
 * That pursuant to their request he had directed Mr. Harris (he 
 having left Madrid before the Book arrived) to present the Book 
 of the Specimen of Ionian Antiquities to the King of Spain and 
 that in consequence he had received a letter from Mr. Harris 
 which he read to the Society as follows : — 
 
 Escurial. Nov. 7, 1769. 
 I received a few days ago from Bilboa, the elegant publication 
 of Ionian Antiquities design' d as a present from the Society 
 of Dilettanti to his Catholic Majesty. In consequence of 
 which I yesterday waited on the Duke de Lozada, who in the 
 evening in the name of the Society, presented it to the King : 
 the Duke this morning told me, it had given His Majesty 
 infinite pleasure and that he had charged him through me, to 
 return his thanks to the Society for it. 
 
 (Signed) James Harris.' 
 
 The valuable collection of inscriptions copied chandler's 
 during the expedition and the journals were handed */»^>-^ 
 over to Mr. Chandler to publish at his own risk travels' 
 and discretion. At a meeting of the committee on 
 March 8, 1768, it is recorded that 
 
 £ Mr. Chandler desiring permission to publish the Inscriptions 
 collected by him in the Expedition to Asia Minor and Greece, 
 the Committee are of opinion That he be permitted to publish 
 them and that he place such Title to the said Work as the Society 
 shall judge proper/ 
 
 In 1774 Chandler, who had returned to Oxford 
 and taken the degree of Doctor of Divinity, published 
 at Oxford the inscriptions in a volume entitled 
 Inscriptiones antiquae, pleraeque nondum editae : in Asia 
 Minori et Graecia, praesertim Athenis, collectae. Cu?n 
 Appendice. In 1775- he published, also at Oxford, the 
 first instalments of his journals as Travels in Asia 
 Minor, and in 17 76 the second part as Travels in 
 Greece. All these three works are dedicated to the 
 
9 6 His tor}' of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Society of Dilettanti, and were published with their 
 assistance, as is shown by the following entries : — 
 
 'March 1773. Order'd That the Secretary do write to Mr. Chandler 
 that as a Mark of the Society's approbation of the intended Work 
 They have orderd their Secretary to pay Mr. Chandler Twenty 
 five Guineas upon his delivering a compleat Bound Sett for the 
 use of the Society.' 
 
 c Feb. 1774. The officiating Secretary having read a Letter 
 from Dr. Chandler desiring to dedicate his Book of Inscriptions to 
 the Society, the Secretary was order'd to write to Dr. Chandler 
 to acquaint him that the Society did accept of His Dedication as 
 proposed and to make him a present of Twenty five Guineas for 
 the same, when He shall deliver the Book properly bound to the 
 Society.' 
 
 'March 1775". Read Dr. Chandler's Letter and order'd by the 
 Society to inform Him they accepted of His offer of dedicating His 
 Travels &c. to them.' 
 
 'March 1776. That the Secretary be order'd to give Dr. 
 Chandler twenty five guineas, upon the completion of the 
 Pub n . of His Travels and think a further Dedication totally 
 unnecessary.' 
 
 A second edition of the Travels in Asia Minor and 
 Greece, containing many emendations by Nicholas 
 Revett, was published in 1 8 1 7 ; Revett's copy with 
 his manuscript corrections is now in the British 
 Museum. A new edition, with a memoir of Chandler 
 by Ralph Churton, was published at Oxford in 1 82$-. 
 Proposed That the Society intended to continue the publica- 
 continuation tion of the Ionian Antiquities is shown from minutes 
 VJZtL' dated res P ec tively January, 17.71, April, 1771, and 
 April, 1772. 
 
 c That General Gray be directed to enquire of Mr. Revitt what 
 Expence will attend preparing for Publication of the Drawings 
 belonging to the Society.' — ' That L* Gen 1 Gray who has given 
 in a List of the Drawings in Mr. Revett's possession in con- 
 sequence of a order of the Society be empowered to pay Mr. Revett 
 fifty pounds towards finishing the same.' — ' That General George 
 Gray do pay to Mr. Rivett (out of the General Fund) a further 
 sum of Fifty pounds and desire him to continue his drawing for 
 the use of the Society.' 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 97 
 
 The matter, however, made slow progress, for in 
 March, 1774, a further minute occurs, 
 
 c That Mr. Rivet having wrote to the Secretary of the Society 
 desiring the Society woud assist Him farther towards the compleat- 
 ing the Publication of the Asiatic and Grecian drawings, Agreed 
 that He be paid Ninety nine pounds nineteen shillings out of the 
 General Fund.' 
 
 Little progress was, however, made with the work, 
 although the value of the drawings was well known. 
 
 In 1776 and 1777 Paul Sandby, the well-known Drawings of 
 artist, made applications to the Society for leave to ^vett and 
 publish a series of aquatint engravings from Pars's Fars . : 
 drawings of Athens. This request was acceded to claimants 
 in a minute of March, 1777. for their use. 
 
 ' That Mr. Sandby have permission to engrave all the Views 
 belonging to the Society and that Mr. Greville be Intrusted with 
 them to deliver them two at a time to Mr. Sandby and to see 
 they are properly engraved according to the specimens produced 
 with a proper dedication to the Society. That the Society do 
 not divest themselves of their Property in the Drawings It being 
 understood Mr. Sandby is to present the Soc. with four engravings 
 of each drawing and to return the original drawings.' 
 
 Meanwhile, as Mr. Revett delayed so long with the 
 drawings, a fresh competitor appeared in the field 
 in the person of Stuart, Revett's former colleague, 
 and apparently now his rival. Stuart contemplated 
 a continuation of his Antiquities of Athens, and 
 (having purchased all Revett's rights in the book) 
 applied to the Society for the use of their drawings 
 in order to complete his work. In March, 1777, it 
 was ordered 
 
 c That Mr. Rivet be orderd to attend with the Drawings 
 belonging to the Society that are in his possession this day 
 foithnight and that a Committee who are appointed to meet do 
 take into consideration whether Mr. Stewart is to be permitted to 
 have any of them for his use ' ; 
 
 and in May, 1777, 
 
 * That L d Mulgrave, Mr. Dundas, & Mr. Crowle be appointed 
 
 H 
 
98 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 to inspect the Drawings and Sketches belonging to the Society in 
 the possession of Mr. Rivett and to give Him such directions as 
 they think proper which of the unfinish'd sketches He shall first 
 proceed to execute.' 
 
 All schemes for further publication however hung 
 fire, for in February, 1 7 8 o, it was ordered 
 
 c That the Sec*, do deliver the Drawings belonging to the 
 Soc. to Mr. Wyndham and that he have the custody of them 
 for one year giving a proper receipt for them to the Sec.' ; 
 
 and again in March, 1780, 
 
 * Mr. Banks movd that the Sec. do order Mr. Revett to deliver 
 all the drawings belonging to them finishd and unfinishd into 
 the hands of the Secretary before the next meeting.' 
 
 Mr. Sandby, who had been entrusted with certain 
 drawings belonging to the Society in order to engrave 
 them in aquatinta, returned the drawings to the 
 Society, and begged leave by the Secretary to thank 
 the Society for the use of them, and to present a set 
 of the prints to them for their use. In the following 
 April 
 
 ' Mr. Wyndham to whom the Soc. had entrusted the Care of 
 their drawings requested that they would empower him to deliver 
 to Mr. Stuart for the use of his intended publication of a second 
 volume of Athenian Antiquities the Drawings of the Eastern View 
 of the Temple of Minerva at Athens taken by Mr. Pars and such 
 of the Basso releivos belonging to the same Temple as he may 
 wish to make use of to which request the Soc. agreed.' 
 
 In March, 178 1, Sir John Taylor moved and 
 Mr. Wyndham seconded the following motion, viz.: — 
 
 ' That Mr. Peachy be allowd the use of such Drawings the 
 Property of the Soc. now in the custody of Mr. Windham as 
 he shall think fit to have copies made of the same for his use 
 promising the Soc. that he will not permit the artist who copies 
 them to take any other copy than that intended for his use nor 
 will communicate the copies taken by him to any other person.' 
 
 Difficulties It would appear that the dilatory progress made 
 between t ^ Q f urt h er publication of these drawings 
 
History of the Society of "Dilettanti 99 
 
 was due to difficulties between Stuart and Revctt, Stuart and 
 and that the Society decided in favour of the 
 former j for at a committee held on April 21, 1782, 
 it was 
 
 £ Resolv'd That it is the opinion of this Committee that a Sum 
 not exceeding £\oo be granted to Mr. Revett as a full compensation 
 for all his Claims upon the Society including his payment for 
 finishing Drawings by order of the Society and for work done upon 
 and paid for an unfinished plate. 
 
 c On condition that he gives up to the Society as there property 
 all Memorandums, Scetches and other Private Remarks taken by 
 him during the voyage to Greece and Asia Minor which he made 
 under the Patronage of the said Soc' 
 
 c That whereas the Learned Judge Potter by his hereditary 
 Knowledge of Grecian Antiquities and that he has acquired of the 
 Laws of his Country is amply able to prepare a proper acquitance 
 to Rivett the said Mr. Rivett to the Performance of his pait of 
 this Contract he be requested by the Society to produce a Draught 
 of the said acquittance at their next Meeting.' 
 
 ' That whereas the Secretary has receiv'd information that the 
 Plates of the Ionian Antiquities Formerly publish'd by this Society 
 were in the Possession of the Late Ld. Le Despencer at the time 
 of his Death the Secretary be empower'd to apply to the executors of 
 the said Late Ld. Le Despencer for the said Plates the Property 
 of the said Soc. and empower'd to receive the same.' 
 
 4 That all the Drawings and Plans of the Propylaea and all 
 others of Fragments of Antiquities in the Acropolis belonging to 
 this Society be lent to Mr. Stuart for the space of one year in order 
 for their publication in the second volume of the Antiquities of 
 Athens.' 
 
 These recommendations of the committee were 
 ratified by the Society with the further proviso, 
 evidently passed in the hope of hastening matters, 
 
 c The said Mr. Stuart agreeing to return the same into the hands 
 of the Secretary within twelve months from the Day when they 
 shall be deliverd to him and to publish engravings of each and 
 every one of them in the second vol. of his Work entitled Anti- 
 quities of Athens within eighteen months from the said day on 
 which they shall be delivered by hand or present to the Society 
 finishd proofs of all of them under the Penalty of 10 guineas 
 to be paid by him the said Mr. Stuart and applied to the General 
 Fund.' 
 
 h a 
 
ioo History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Appoint- 
 ment of a 
 committee. 
 
 Revett still, however, had to be disposed of, and in 
 May, 1782, the committee for publishing the drawings 
 resolved 
 
 c That the Receipt prepared by Mr. Justice Potter according to 
 the order of this Committee at their last Meeting does appear to 
 this Committee to be a proper and sufficient Receipt/ 
 
 * That it is the opinion of this Committee that all the Remain- 
 ing perfect Copies of the Ionian Antiquities now in the Hands 
 of Mr. Revett be bought by the Society at 1? shill. a piece.' 
 
 4 That every member of this Soc. who shall desire to purchase 
 (Bona fide for himself) the Ionian Antiquities, shall have them at 
 the Price paid to Mr. Revett by the Society and that all profits by 
 the future public sale of the Ionian Antiquities shall be applied 
 to the intended publication of the Remaining Antiquities in 
 addition to the £150 proposed to be given out of the Income 
 of the Society. 5 
 
 It was also resolved 
 
 £ That in order for the Publication of the Remaining unpublished 
 Drawings made by Messrs. Revett and Pars in Ionia and Asia 
 Minor the Society be requested to appoint a Select Committee 
 of its own Members to take the Charge of, and direct the said 
 publication — which Committee shall be answerable for the care 
 and accuracy with which the publication shall be conducted.' 
 
 * That a sum not exceeding ^i^o for one year be appropriated 
 out of the Income of the Soc. to the engraving of such Drawings 
 etc. as the Committee shall judge worthy of Publication, together 
 with such Letterpress as shall be thought necessary for the Explan- 
 ation thereof, and that the Committee shall at the end of the 
 year report to the Society the progress of their said work.' 
 
 £ That when any Numero of the said work shall be fit for 
 Publication, a perfect copy of the said Numero shall be presented 
 by the Society to each of its members.' 
 
 The committee appointed for this purpose of the 
 Society consisted of Mr. Knight, Mr. Windham, 
 Mr. Peachey, Mr. Stuart, and Mr. Gore. In May, 
 1783, Mr. Revett produced 200 copies of the Ionian 
 Antiquities, which were collated and found correct. 
 On March, 13, 1785-, it is recorded 
 
 * That Lord Sandwich moved, Mr. Potter seconded that in- 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 101 
 
 structions be given to the Committee of Publication to assist 
 Mr. Stuart immediately and effectually towards the Publication 
 of his Athenian Antiquities but that the said Committee be 
 answerable to the Society for the Property of the Plates engravd 
 at their expence untill the Publication of the second volume of the 
 said Athenian Antiquities be actually effected which motion being 
 put was agreed to nem. con.' 
 
 On February 26, 1786, 
 
 i Mr. Stuart attended and informed the Committee that he had 
 been prevented by indisposition from Collecting together the 
 Drawings belonging to the Society but intended to do so forthwith.' 
 
 And on March, 19, 1786, 
 
 c Mr. Stuart delivered in the Drawings intrusted to him by the 
 Society for the Finishing his Athenian Antiquities which being 
 compared with the scedule were found right and return'd to him.' 
 
 The second volume of Stuart's Antiquities of Death of 
 Athens made this slow progress, no doubt, owing to Stuart: 
 the increasing age and infirmities of the author. C^JJJ 
 Stuart had been appointed Painter to the Society, and 0 f<Athe?ii a n 
 through the influence of Lord Anson had obtained Antiquities? 
 the almost sinecure post of Surveyor to Greenwich v ^ s '"> 
 Hospital. He was employed in architectural work 
 of a classical nature by Earl Spencer, Lord Anson 
 (whose house in St. James's Square, designed by Stuart, 
 is stated to have been the first building of Grecian 
 architecture in London), and Lord Eardley. He 
 was helped in the preparation of the volume by 
 his assistant and successor at Greenwich, William 
 Newton, whose brother, James Newton, engraved 
 some of the plates. It was almost ready for publica- 
 tion toward the end of the year 1787, but its final 
 appearance was delayed by Stuart's death, which 
 occurred in February, 1788. It was then at last 
 issued by his widow, although it bears the date 
 1787. Prefixed was a 'Letter to the Public from 
 Elizabeth widow of James Stuart,' in which she 
 
ioi History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 
 
 states, 4 to the gentlemen of the Dilettanti Society 
 I am greatly beholden, they having, with the utmost 
 liberality, presented me with many of the plates, 
 necessary to complete the volume, from original 
 drawings in their possession'; and again, 'Com- 
 pleted by the assistance of William Newton of 
 Greenwich, having been left unfinished by the sudden 
 death of Stuart, who had been very infirm for some 
 years and left his papers in great disorder. The 
 completion of the work is entirely due to the 
 Society of Dilettanti.' In a minute of June i, 1788, 
 Mr. Windham moved and Mr. Knight seconded, 
 
 'That the vote of March 13, 1785: in Favor of Mr. Stuart be 
 renewed on behalf of his Widow on condition that the expenditure 
 of the money of the Society be limited to the Paying for Plates of 
 the Drawings lent by them for the completion of the second volume 
 of the Athenian Antiquities. It was understood that .£300 would 
 fully answer the purpose and that probably the business would be 
 effected for Less money but it was thought proper to Leave the 
 Committee without any Limitation.' 
 
 In 1794 Stuart's executors published a third 
 volume, the editing of which was entrusted to 
 Mr. Willey Reveley, the architect. To this volume 
 the Society of Dilettanti contributed, as appears 
 from a minute of May 10, 1790 — . 
 
 'The 3rd volume of the Antiquities of Athens being undertaken 
 under the direction of the executors of the Late Mr. Stuart, 
 Mr. Windham proposd that two drawings now in the possession 
 of the Committee of publication viz : — the two views of the Temple 
 of Jupiter Olympius at Athens be Lent to the managers of that 
 work in order that a plate may be engravd from them to be 
 inserted in it which was unanimously agreed to.' 
 
 In 1 8 14 a fourth volume was published by Mir. John 
 Taylor and edited by Mr. Joseph Woods. This 
 last volume contained biographies of Stuart and 
 Revett, an engraved portrait of Revett, and numerous 
 extracts from Stuart and Revett's miscellaneous notes 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 103 
 
 and journals, including their notes on the antiquities 
 of Pola K 
 
 Meanwhile the Committee of Publication con- Publication 
 tinued to prepare for publication a second volume of 'Ionian 
 of the Ionian Antiquities. In 1783 the committee A ^^ ttes » 
 resolved at successive meetings : — 
 
 * That the Drawings of the Temple at Jackly should be engraved 
 — Mr. Byrne upon being applied to agreed to undertake the 
 engraving the View of the said Temple for the price of 70 guineas 
 and to finish the same by Christmas next.' — 'That the plan and 
 parts at large at Jackly be delivered to Mr. Newton to whom 
 they were accordingly given for engraving.' — < That the Drawing 
 cf the Elevation of the Columns of the temple at Jackly be 
 delivered to Mr. Newton for the purpose of engraving the same/ 
 
 The number of drawings selected for this work did 
 not however appear to be sufficient, so the com- 
 mittee in June, 1784, resolved 
 
 ' That the No. containing the drawings of the great Theatre 
 of Laodicea together with the view of the Stadium be fixed upon 
 for the next publication.' 
 
 In May, 1790, Mr. Windham gave notice 
 
 £ That the number which is at present in hand under the direction 
 of the Committee of publication is in great forwardness and will 
 he hopes be ready for delivery in the beginning of the next year.' 
 
 The publication of the volume still hung fire, for 
 
 1 In 1830 a supplementary volume to the Antiquities of Athens, 
 intended to form a fifth volume to the whole, was published under 
 the title ' The Antiquities of Athens and other places in Greece, Sicily, etc. 
 Supplementary to the Antiquities of Athens by James Stuart and 
 Nicholas Revett, delineated and illustrated by C. R. Cockerell, 
 W. Kinnaird, T. L. Donaldson, W. Jenkins and W. Railton.' 
 
 A new edition of vols, i, ii, and iii, edited by Kinnaird, was 
 published on a reduced scale during the years 1815-30, with 
 a fresh volume of new matter, of which a limited issue was also 
 printed on large paper as vol. v, of the old edition. An abridged 
 version or epitome of the whole, with reduced copies of the plates 
 in outline, was published in manual form in 184.1, and the third 
 edition of this abridgement was issued as one of the volumes in 
 Bohn's Illustrated Library. 
 
104 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 on April y, 1795-, Mr. Windham, on the part of the 
 Committee of Publication, 
 
 * Informed the Society that the Second volume of the Ionian 
 Antiquities is Finishd as far as the engravings and that nothing 
 remains to be done but printing the Letterpress and engraving 
 the vignettes, that he had examind the engraving bills delivered 
 into the hands of the Committee by the Secretary and found them 
 rig;ht. He remarkd that some views had been brought home 
 by Sir Rob 1 Ainslie of which the Architectural parts of similar 
 buildings were already engraved and that S r Rob 1 had Liberally 
 offered them to the Society in order to their being engravd for the 
 completion of the work.' 
 
 It was resolved 
 
 i That S r Rob* Ainslie's Liberal offer be accepted on the Part of 
 the Society and that the Committee be directed to avail themselves 
 thereof}' according to their discretion.' 
 
 The second volume of the Ionian Antiquities was 
 at last published in 1797 as a continuation of 
 vol. i. Chapter v (the first of the second volume) 
 contained views of the Temple (of Jupiter Panhel- 
 lenius) at Aegina, the Temple of Sunium, the Temple 
 of Jupiter Nemeus between Argos and Corinth, and 
 the Temple of Ceres at Eleusis. Chapter vi con- 
 tained a miscellaneous collection of antiquities at 
 Mylasa, Stratonice, Ephesus, Miletus, Laodicea, and 
 in Lycia and Troas. Four of the Lycian views 
 were taken from the drawings done by L. Mayer 
 (otherwise Myers), a German artist, for Sir Robert 
 Ainslie. It would seem that the volume was issued 
 in numbers, but there is no mention of any number, 
 except No. y, being issued separately. 
 Custody of The marbles brought home by the members of the 
 marble** 7 ' * on * an ex P e< iition had been at first entrusted by the 
 Society to the care of one of its members, Mr. Brand. 
 On his death in 177 1, it was ordered 
 
 ' That the Secretary do write a Letter to Mr. Brand to desire 
 him to deliver the Antiquities belonging to the Society of the 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 105- 
 
 Dillettanti which were deposited at his Father's House (our late 
 worthy member) to the care of Lord Clanbrassil : ' 
 
 and in May, 1771, it was reported 
 
 ' That Mr. Revett received the Antiquities belonging to the 
 Society from Mr. Brand and delivered them to the care of Lord 
 Clanbrassil.' 
 
 In December, 1775", tne y were again transferred, this 
 time to the care of Lord Bessborough. In May, 
 1778, the Secretary reported to the Society 
 
 ' That in consequence of their orders he had waited on Ld. 
 Bessborough and reccivd from him the Marbles belonging to the 
 Society, which he had deposited in his own house ; that Ld. 
 Bessborough had presented 3 marble heads to the Society which 
 the Secretary had deposited with the rest of the marbles of the 
 Society, that a peice of the principall inscription was wanting when 
 the Secretary reccivd it.' 
 
 The Secretary at this date was Sir Joseph Banks, who 
 seems from this to have received them into his own 
 house. On May 11, 1783, an interesting minute 
 occurs. 
 
 4 Resolvd that Mr. Flaxman have permission to modell a Bass 
 Rcleif of a mans and a horses head the property of the Society in 
 the Secretary's house.' 
 
 This appears to have been the fragment of the 
 frieze of the Parthenon, brought home by Chandler, 
 and now in the British Museum. On April 6, 
 1784, Mr. Colman moved and Lord Mulgrave 
 seconded 
 
 £ That the marbles formerly a part of the Frieze of the temple 
 of Minerva Parthenon the property of this Society be deposited in 
 the custody of the Royal Academy, until reclaimd by us their 
 owners, the President of the Royal Academy signing a receipt in 
 the name of the Royal Academy Binding the President and 
 Members of the said Royal Academy to return the said Marbles 
 whenever they are Demanded by order of the Dilettanti Society 
 signified through their Secretary for the time being.' 
 
io6 History of the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 Marbles 
 
 and 
 
 drawings 
 presented to 
 the British 
 Museum. 
 
 These fragments of the frieze from the Parthenon 
 appear to have remained in the custody of the Royal 
 Academy until 1817, when they were handed over 
 to the British Museum. On May 22, 1784, Mr. 
 Peachey moved, Mr. Windham seconded, 
 
 ' That all Marbles the Property of the Dilettanti Society, on 
 which are inscriptions, be presented to the British Museum which 
 motion being put was carried on condition that they are placd 
 in such situations as the Members of the Dilettanti Society who 
 are Trustees of the British Museum shall approve and proper 
 inscriptions be affixed to them Commemorating the gift of the 
 Dilettanti Society.' 
 
 On March 13, 1785-, the secretary read a letter 
 from the Trustees of the British Museum by the 
 hands of their secretary, the Revd. Mr. Harper, as 
 follows : — 
 
 British Museum, January 7/1785-. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 I am orderd by the standing Committee of the Trustees 
 of the British Museum to request the Favor of you to return their 
 respectfull Thanks to the Society of Dilettanti for the very valuable 
 present of Marbles with which they have been pleasd to enrich 
 this Collection and to assure them of their readiness to comply 
 with the conditions annexd thereto. 
 
 (Signed) J. Harper, Sec. 
 
 Sir Jos. Banks, Bart. 
 
 Sec. to the Society of Dilettanti. 
 
 At a later date all the drawings made by Revett and 
 Pars were deposited by the Society of the Dilettanti 
 with the Trustees of the British Museum. They were 
 entrusted to the care of the Keeper of the Greek and 
 Roman Antiquities, but were transferred to that of 
 the Keeper of the Prints and Drawings until 1893, 
 when they were, with the exception of certain 
 selected water-colour drawings by Pars, retransferred 
 to the department of Classical Antiquities. 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 Personal changes in the Society — Neiv members — Deaths 
 of Founders — New spirit among their successors — 
 J. C. Crowle — Sir Joseph Banks — Charles Greville 
 — Sir William Hamilton — Sir Richard Worsley, 
 Mr. Peachey, and Sir George Beaumont — Charles 
 Town ley — Richard Payne Kjnght — Sir Henry Engle- 
 field — Hamilton and the ritual of Isernia — DHan- 
 carville — The 'Priapeia ' — Reception of the volume — 
 j\etrospcct : work of the Dilettanti in Italy — Work 
 in Greece and Asia Minor — Further enterprises: 
 new Publication Committee — f Specimens of Antient 
 Sculpture' — Mode of publication — Proposed second 
 volume — Opportunities lost meanwhile — Sir William 
 Flamiltons notes and drawings — Letter from Lord 
 Elgin — The Parthenon Marbles since Carrey — Thomas 
 Harrison — Action taken by Lord Elgin — Lord Elgin 
 and the Dilettanti — Influence of Payne IQiight in 
 discrediting the Marbles — Champions on the other 
 side : West, Fuseli, Hay don — Progress of the Con- 
 troversy — Crown Prince of Bavaria, Visconti, Canova — • 
 The Select Committee — Final result. 
 
 IN narrating the circumstances attending the long- -personal 
 delayed publication of Ionian Antiquities, vol. ii, changes in 
 we have passed somewhat beyond the proper tke Smet y' 
 limits of the last chapter, which deals in the main 
 with the period in the Society's history comprised 
 between 1770 and 1790. During this interval the 
 personal changes arising from the election of new 
 members and the disappearance of old had naturally 
 
io8 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 been many. We have seen how, about the beginning of 
 the period, fresh blood was introduced in the persons 
 of several artists and scholars engaged in the practical 
 labours of exploring and publishing the remains of 
 ancient art in Greece and Asia Minor. At the same 
 time the original character of the Society was kept 
 up by the admission of a steady flow of new members, 
 recruited chiefly from the governing families of the 
 country, and including many names well known in 
 political and social life. 
 
 Such were Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess 
 of Rockingham, the Whig Prime Minister and 
 friend of Burke, who was the fourth of his family 
 to join the ranks of the Dilettanti ; the Dukes of Rich- 
 mond, Roxburghe, Buccleuch, and Marlborough; the 
 Earls of Charlemont, Upper Ossory, Clanbrassil, and 
 Earl Spencer; Sir Thomas Robinson, afterwards Lord 
 Grantham ; and Viscount Palmerston. Charles James 
 Fox was elected at the age of twenty : and there ap- 
 pear on the list some members of the family of Pitt, 
 but not those either of the Great Commoner himself 
 or of his father. The army sent Lord Ligonier and 
 Colonel Henry St. John ; the navy, Augustus Hervey, 
 the original husband of the bigamous Duchess of 
 Kingston, and his nephew Constantine Phipps, the 
 Arctic explorer, afterwards Lord Mulgrave. Other 
 sections of society and fashion were represented 
 by such men as the Honourable Charles Greville, 
 George Selwyn, the famous wit, with Bennet Langton 
 and Topham Beauclerk, the friends of Johnson. One 
 member earned distinction of a fortunately unique 
 description ; Robert Fitzgerald, by birth and marriage 
 connected with the best families in the land, was 
 found guilty of murder of a very atrocious descrip- 
 tion, and suffered the just expiation of his crimes upon 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 109 
 
 the gallows. The bar was represented by John 
 Charles Crowle, of whom more hereafter. Commerce 
 sent Luke Scrafton, who was for some years governor 
 of Bengal, and being sent out with Governor Van- 
 sittart to inquire into the affairs of India was lost 
 at sea in the Jurora frigate in 1 7 7 o. Science furnished 
 a powerful representative in the person of Sir 
 Joseph Banks, who was destined, as we shall see, to 
 take a very prominent place in the affairs of the 
 Society. The drama and dramatic literature con- 
 tributed David Garrick and George Colman. From 
 the ranks of art came first and foremost Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds (who was elected in 1764 and appointed 
 Painter to the Society in 1769, an office which he 
 continued to hold until his death), as well as 
 Nathaniel Dance, and (coming down to a date a few 
 years later than the limit mentioned at the beginning 
 of this chapter) Sir Thomas Lawrence and Benjamin 
 West, who were both elected in 1792. At the same 
 time it happened that antiquaries and dilettanti 
 properly so called, the professed lovers, collectors, and 
 connoisseurs of art, began to hold an increasingly 
 prominent place in the Society's ranks. Distinguished 
 among these were Sir William Hamilton (unless he 
 is rather to be counted in his other capacity as 
 a diplomatist), Sir Richard Worsley, Sir George 
 Beaumont, the Honourable John Peachey, afterwards 
 Lord Selsey, Philip Metcalfe (one of the executors 
 of Sir Joshua Reynolds's will), Joseph Windham 
 (a member of the Norfolk branch of that family), 
 Richard Payne Knight, Charles Gore, Charles 
 Townley, Sir Henry Englefield, Dr. Ash, and in the 
 last years of the century the Rev. C. M. Cracherode. 
 To most of these names we shall presently recur : 
 four at least of them, viz. Hamilton, Payne Knight, 
 
no History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Townley, and Cracherode, will be held in permanent 
 remembrance on account of the great collections of 
 works of art which passed by bequest or purchase 
 from their hands into those of the nation, and 
 between them compose no inconsiderable proportion 
 of the public treasures at the British Museum. 
 Deaths of In the meantime most of the founders of the 
 Founders. Society, and not a few men of those who may be 
 regarded as belonging to the second generation of 
 its members, had in the course of nature fallen 
 out of its ranks. Mr. Harris, its first Treasurer, 
 was one of the earliest to go in 1764, followed 
 in the next year by the gay Sewallis Shirley. In 
 1 7^9 died Mr. Howe and the Duke of Dorset, better 
 known to the Society as the Earl of Middlesex ; 
 in 1 77 1 Daniel Boone, the Duke of Bedford, and 
 Mr. Robert Wood, the explorer and first director 
 of the Society's archaeological ventures. In 1773 
 both the brothers Gray, who may be ranked among 
 the true founders of the Society, followed each 
 other quickly into the grave ; Sir James first, leaving 
 the baronetcy to be held for a few months only 
 by his brother, the General. Both died past the 
 years of the Psalmist, but, curious to say, left 
 a mother to mourn their loss. Earl Harcourt died 
 in 1777, Knapton the painter and the Earl of Holder- 
 nesse in 1778, Earl Temple in 1779, ' Athenian ' 
 Stuart in 1780. In 178 1 Lord le Despencer (under 
 which title the conspicuous name of Sir Francis 
 Dash wood was somewhat obscured) paid the debt 
 of nature after a long and varied, not wholly in- 
 famous, nor even wholly inglorious career. Fauquier 
 the banker, who had been Treasurer to the Society 
 for a few years, died in 1788. The Earl of Sandwich 
 succumbed in 1792, dying, as he lived, hard, and 
 
EARL OF .SANDWICH 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti in 
 
 leaving a name to be battened upon by literary and 
 historical scandal-mongers. With all his vices, he 
 was a man of unquestionable ability, and a true 
 and industrious servant of his sovereign and his 
 country. The last survivor among the original 
 members was William Ponsonby, Earl of Bessborough, 
 who did not quit the scene until 1793. 
 
 The leading place which had at first been held in New spirit 
 the councils of the Society by such men as these was among their 
 gradually assumed by successors of a somewhat successors ' 
 different stamp. The first Dilettanti had been 
 a company of gay and brilliant carousers, animated 
 both by the passion and the fashion for art, but 
 professing no special knowledge of their own. They 
 wrote no essays and delivered no oracular opinions 
 upon the subjects in which they took a common 
 interest. What they did was to select the best men 
 they could to carry out the work they desired to see 
 accomplished, and in most instances to testify to their 
 sense of the workers' merits by electing them in due 
 course members of the Society — a highly coveted 
 social distinction. The work done, they presented 
 it to the world at large in as handsome and complete 
 a form as they could, displaying thereby not only 
 their true enthusiasm for the subject, but a generous 
 and honourable public spirit. But from the beginning 
 of the period on which we are now entering (about 
 1 78 0-18 20) the guiding spirits of the Society were 
 chiefly drawn from the special group of cultivated 
 amateurs whose accession to their ranks has just been 
 mentioned. Some of these gentlemen were not 
 content to be merely patrons and collectors, but 
 must needs take the tone of savants and professors. 
 To their minds the pursuit of antiquarian knowledge 
 was a perquisite of wealth and influential position, 
 
in History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 and under their guidance the Society was sometimes 
 induced to pose as the oracle and arbiter of taste 
 and learning, pronouncing judgement with dogmatic 
 authority, and not always according to wisdom. In 
 some directions they did excellent work ; in others 
 they were betrayed into errors of judgement which 
 will have to be recorded in the present chapter. 
 The names of members on whom we have to dwell 
 as taking a special prominent place in the records of 
 the Society, after the gradual disappearance of its 
 founders, are John Charles Crowle, Sir Joseph Banks, 
 Charles Greville and his uncle Sir William Hamilton, 
 Sir Richard Worsley, the Honourable J. Peachey, Sir 
 George Beaumont, Charles Townley, Richard Payne 
 Knight, and Sir Henry Englerield. 
 J. c. In 1774 Mr. Fauquier, who had succeeded Lieu- 
 
 crowle. tenant-General Gray in 177 1 as Secretary and 
 Treasurer, resigned his post, and, as entered on the 
 minutes of February 6, 1774, 
 
 £ Mr. Fauquier desiring to quit the post of officiating Secretary 
 the Society accepted of the same, and Mr. Crowle was desired by the 
 Society to accept of the said post, and He was pleas'd to consent to 
 the wishes of the Society.' 
 
 John Charles Crowle was a barrister, who earned 
 some notoriety at the time of the Westminster election 
 in 1749, which resulted in a scrutiny being held that 
 lasted for five months. Crowle, who was counsel 
 for Sir George Vandeput, was accused of having un- 
 duly prolonged the scrutiny, and also of having 
 spoken of the orders of the House of Commons 
 as brutum fulmen. For this misdemeanour he was 
 ordered to appear at the bar of the House of 
 Commons, and solemnly reprimanded upon his 
 knees by the Speaker. On rising Crowle wiped his 
 knees, and said that it was the dirtiest place he 
 
"WILLIAM FAUQUIER, ES 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 113 
 
 had ever been in. Crowle was the owner of Fryston 
 Hall in Yorkshire, the seat in the present century of 
 another well-known Dilettante, Lord Houghton. He 
 was a noted joker and boon companion, and left 
 a tangible proof of his interest in art and antiquity 
 in the illustrated and interleaved copy of Pennant's 
 History of London which he bequeathed to the British 
 Museum. He was the hero of a duel with Lord 
 Hervey, celebrated by Sir Charles Hanbury Williams 
 in some satirical verses entitled 'The Merry Campaign ; 
 or, the Westminster and Green Park Scuffle, a New 
 
 Court Ballad To the Tune of " Chevy Chase." ' 
 
 Crowle seems to have been somewhat irregular in his 
 business habits, for on January 2 2, 1 77 7, it is recorded : 
 
 ' Nothing more done, Mr. Secretary Charles John Crowle being 
 absent without leave, having neglected to prepare the Books, and 
 having appointed a Deputy totally incapable.' 
 
 Crowle held office until March, 1778, when 
 
 4 Mr. Crowle Having desired to resign the Office of Secretary 
 He was permitted so to do and Mr. Banks was desired to accept 
 the same which he accordingly did.' 
 
 Sir Joseph Banks holds so high a position among sir Joseph 
 the ranks of English worthies that it is hardly Banks. 
 necessary to give any account of him here. His 
 succession to the family estate of Revesby in Lincoln- 
 shire put him in a position while still young to satisfy 
 his passion for botanical science and for travel ; and 
 his indomitable strength of character carried him 
 victoriously alike through the adventures of his 
 earlier and the conflicts of his later career. Through 
 the influence of Lord Sandwich, Banks and his friend 
 Dr. Solander were enabled to accompany Captain 
 Cook's first famous voyage in the Endeavour, which 
 lasted from 1768 to 1771- It is noteworthy that 
 whereas a former prominent member of the Society, 
 
 1 
 
ii4 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 the Earl of Sandwich, gave his name to the Sandwich 
 Islands, the once famous Botany Bay owed its name 
 to the field for successful research which it afforded 
 to Banks and his companion Solander. Banks was 
 proposed as a member of the Society of Dilettanti by 
 4 Athenian ' Stuart and elected on February <5, 1774. 
 In November, 1778, he was elected President of the 
 Royal Society, a post which he held — for a while in 
 the face of vehement opposition — until his death in 
 1820, when he bequeathed his valuable library to 
 the British Museum, thus becoming a second founder, 
 after Sir Hans Sloane, of what is now the Museum 
 of Natural History. Banks was one of the most dis- 
 tinguished and honoured members of the Society of 
 Dilettanti. In spite of his numerous occupations 
 elsewhere, he continued to act as Treasurer and 
 Secretary of the Society until June, 1794, when he 
 resigned the former office to Mr. Philip Metcalfe, and 
 as Secretary alone until February 19, 1797, when the 
 following entry was made in the minutes : — 
 
 ' A letter was received this day from Sir Jos. Banks to the great 
 Regret of the Society, expressing his intention of resigning the 
 office of Secretary (which he has performed so much to their 
 satisfaction & advantage for eighteen years). 
 
 ' Order'd That a Letter be written to him by the Treasurer 
 conveying in the Strongest terms their regret at losing so good & 
 usefull an officer, & hoping shou'd he persist in his determination 
 that he will attend the Call on Sunday 5th March & to hope that 
 he will retain the office, till a successor be appointed.' 
 
 Charles Greville, who on the promotion of Banks 
 to be Secretary of the Society succeeded him in the 
 office of Very High, was a younger son of the Earl 
 of Warwick and nephew of Sir William Hamilton. 
 He was one of the best-known men in the England 
 of his day, a leader of haut ton, member of Parliament, 
 and well-known amateur and collector of coins, 
 
 Charles 
 Greville. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti nj 
 
 gems, and engravings. He has earned a niche in the 
 temple of history less for his wit and culture than 
 for the circumstances of his connexion with the 
 beautiful Emma Lyon. She had lived with Greville 
 for four years as his mistress and received from him 
 a kind of education before he passed her on to the 
 protection of his uncle. Moreover, it was through 
 Greville that the famous Emma received her introduc- 
 tion to Romney the painter, the results of which have 
 perhaps done more to recommend her to the favour of 
 posterity than any of the other adventures of her life. 
 A portrait of Greville appears in ZofFany's picture of 
 Charles Townley in his gallery of antiquities, and an- 
 other in one of Sir Joshua Reynolds's famous groups of 
 Dilettanti portraits, reproduced in the present volume. 
 
 Sir William Hamilton, K.B., was a diplomatist of sk William 
 distinction, and rendered important services to his 
 country and to the kingdom of Naples during the 
 twenty-six years that he acted as British envoy and 
 plenipotentiary to that court. He was more fortu- 
 nate than his nephew Greville, in that his connexion 
 with the woman who eventually became his wife and 
 Nelson's mistress did not obscure the considerable and 
 not to be forgotten services which he contributed to 
 the cause of classical archaeology. His earliest studies 
 were chiefly connected with the volcanic phenomena 
 of Vesuvius and the excavations then in progress 
 at Pompeii and Herculaneum, which he supported 
 both by his enthusiasm and his purse. In 1766 
 Hamilton commenced his famous collection of Greek 
 vases, terra-cottas, bronzes, and gold ornaments, which 
 he sold to the nation in 1772. This collection formed 
 the nucleus of the Department of Greek and Roman 
 Antiquities in the British Museum. While it was 
 still in Hamilton's hands, he caused it to be illustrated 
 
 1 2 
 
ii(5 History of the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 and described in a great work of four volumes with 
 text by D'Hancarville, a French antiquary and scholar 
 then in undeserved repute ; but deeply as the world of 
 art is indebted to Sir William Hamilton for his col- 
 lections of Greek vases, it is rather from the vases 
 themselves that the modern student acquires informa- 
 tion than from the splendid and ponderous folios on 
 which Hamilton lavished so much time and expense. 
 A second collection formed by Hamilton passed — at 
 least as much of it as was rescued from shipwreck — 
 into the collection of Mr. Hope of Deepdene. Elected 
 a member of the Dilettanti in 1777, Hamilton was 
 prevented by his residence at Naples from being more 
 than a rare attendant at its meetings. 
 sir Richard Sir Richard Worsley, who, like Sir James Gray, was 
 Worsley, for some time British Resident at Venice, made a tour 
 through Greece and the islands and coast of Asia 
 sir George Minor in 1 7 8 y-6. He formed a large and valuable 
 Beaumont, collection of classical antiquities on the spot, and was 
 fortunate enough to succeed in bringing his collection 
 safe back to England. He spared no expense in 
 following the examples of Stuart and Revett and 
 of the Society of Dilettanti in causing the most im- 
 portant specimens of his collection (and with them 
 some drawings done for the Dilettanti by Pars) to be 
 engraved and published in two important and valu- 
 able volumes, known as the Museum Worsleyanum. 
 His collection, formerly stored at Appuldurcombe, 
 in the Isle of Wight, passed to his niece Miss Simpson, 
 afterwards wife of the Earl of Yarborough, and 
 is now housed at Brocklesby Park \ The Hon. 
 John Peachey, who afterwards succeeded his father 
 
 1 A new catalogue of this collection has by desire of the 
 present Earl of Yarborough been prepared by Mr. A. H. Smith, of 
 the British Museum. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 117 
 
 as second Lord Selsey, was another young English 
 nobleman who had been captivated in Rome by the 
 remains of classic antiquity, and had formed a small 
 collection of marbles under the auspices of Jenkins 
 and Gavin Hamilton. Sir George Howland Beau- 
 mont, Bart., was a well-known figure in the history 
 of art in England. His name is more closely con- 
 nected with the art of painting and the foundation 
 of a National Gallery than with the antiquities of 
 Greece and Rome, and will perhaps be longest re- 
 membered by reason of his friendship with the poet 
 Wordsworth j but there was no branch of art in 
 which he did not take a genuine and a liberal interest. 
 
 Charles Townley, of Townley in Lancashire, is Charles 
 perhaps the most conspicuous figure among those Townley. 
 amateurs of art in the eighteenth century who 
 devoted zeal and money almost entirely to the 
 acquisition of the remains of classical antiquity 
 which were being yielded up by the golden soil 
 of Italy. A Catholic and a Jacobite by family, 
 he was brought up on the Continent, and lived at 
 Rome from 176? to 1772. He was an intimate 
 friend of Sir William Hamilton, and associated 
 himself with Gavin Hamilton and Jenkins in pro- 
 moting the excavations at Rome and partaking 
 of the fruits thereof. Many of the chief prizes 
 fell to Townley's purse, in spite of the rivalry 
 of the potentate collectors at the Vatican. These 
 included bronzes, vases, gems, and coins, as 
 well as marbles. In 1772 Townley brought his 
 collection to London and fitted up a gallery at 
 7 Park Street, Westminster, losing no opportunity 
 of adding to it any treasures from private collections 
 in England which came within his reach. His 
 house was the centre of an artistic circle, which 
 
n8 History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 
 
 included many members of the Society of Dilettanti, 
 but was by no means confined to those who were 
 amateurs of his own particular line of art. A well- 
 known painting by Zoffany shows Townley in his 
 gallery with D'Hancarville the writer, Charles 
 Greville, and Thomas Astle. In 179 1 Townley 
 was made a trustee of the British Museum. The 
 purchase of Sir William Hamilton's collection in 
 1772 had laid, as has been said, the foundation 
 of a Department of Classical Antiquities. In order 
 to further this object and to create a public collection 
 which could compete with that which was rapidly 
 being formed in the Vatican at Rome, Townley 
 decided in 1 802 to bequeath his collection of marbles 
 to the British Museum. After his death in i8oj- 
 circumstances prevented his wishes from being carried 
 out ; but the nation were enabled to purchase the 
 marbles for the very moderate sum of £20,000, and 
 with this purchase the history of the Department 
 of Classical Antiquities in the British Museum may 
 be said to commence so far as concerns the acquisition, 
 in any considerable quantity, of ancient sculptures. 
 Richard A third Englishman of this time who may be 
 
 Vayne ranked with Hamilton and Townley among pioneers 
 ntg *' of classical archaeology, enrichers and benefactors 
 of the British Museum, and guiding spirits of the 
 Society of Dilettanti, was Richard Payne Knight. 
 A member of a well-known family in Herefordshire, 
 Payne Knight went to Italy in 1767 at the age of 
 seventeen, and paid repeated visits there of more or 
 lessprolonged duration for about twenty years, in close 
 association with Townley, Hamilton, and other ama- 
 teurs. In company with Charles Gore, an enthusiastic 
 artist and antiquary, and Johann Philipp Hackert, a 
 well-known German landscape painter at Rome, he 
 
R I'AYNK KNIfillT . F, SQ 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 119 
 
 made in the spring of 1777 a three months' tour in 
 Sicily, visiting the great temples of Agrigentum, 
 Selinus, Egesta, and other spots famous for their 
 remains of antiquity and art. Knight kept a careful 
 diary of this journey, and Gore made several impor- 
 tant drawings, some of which are now in the print- 
 room at the British Museum. Knight and Gore were 
 elected members of the Society of Dilettanti on May 
 d, 178 1. Gore's connexion with the Society was ter- 
 minated a few years later by his taking up his final 
 residence at Florence, but Knight became the ruling 
 spirit of the Society so far as concerned the study of 
 classical archaeology, and remained so until his death 
 in 1 8 24. Knight's Sicilian diary gained for him an 
 unexpected immortality. It came into the hands of 
 no less a person than Goethe, who was so deeply 
 interested in it that he translated it into German, 
 and published it under the title of Tagebuch einer 
 J{eise nach Sicilien. This was the second time that 
 a treatise by an individual member of the Dilettanti 
 had the good fortune to act upon the general mind 
 and culture of Europe, producing effects out of 
 proportion to any critical or scientific value of its 
 own. First the Polymetis of Spence, the elegant 
 compilation of an old-fashioned scholar on whom a 
 sense of the true methods of archaeological study had 
 not yet dawned, provoked from Lessing the chief part 
 of the arguments in his immortal Laocoon ; and now 
 the travelling diary of Payne Knight helped to 
 awaken and stimulate in Goethe that deep and 
 luminous appreciation of classical art which became 
 so large a part of his intellectual endowment, 
 Knight posed as the arbiter of taste in London 
 society; he delivered his opinions with somewhat 
 the air of an oracle, and published various essays 
 
no History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 on ancient art, literature, and antiquities, written 
 with a genuine enthusiasm for his subjects, but 
 with a love of strained interpretations and a some- 
 what unsound and fantastic quality of erudition. 
 Posterity therefore has inclined to rate him perhaps 
 below the value of the influence which he un- 
 doubtedly exercised on the culture of his time. It was 
 as a collector that he was chiefly and really eminent. 
 His cabinet of antiquities included marbles, gems, 
 coins, and bronzes, and was strongest in the last 
 three departments, in which he had real discrimina- 
 tion, although little, as the sequel will show, in 
 sculpture. He was also an energetic collector of 
 drawings by the old masters, especially Claude ; and 
 his acquisitions in both kinds formed a very impor- 
 tant addition to the treasures of the British Museum, 
 to which they were bequeathed on his death. 
 
 Yet another enthusiastic antiquary among the 
 Dilettanti was Sir Henry Englefield, Bart. He 
 joined the Society in the same year as Payne Knight 
 (1781); but his most active participation in its 
 affairs took place after 1808, when he was appointed 
 Secretary. He was a Catholic gentleman of cultivated 
 tastes and charming conversation, the owner of an 
 important collection of Greek and Etruscan vases, 
 a Fellow of the Royal Society and the Society of 
 Antiquaries, who contributed to the Transactions 
 of both bodies, writing and speaking with claims 
 to authority on subjects so diverse as botany, 
 astronomy, church architecture, English topography 
 and landscape, and Catholic practice and doctrine. 
 
 On May 22, 1784, it was resolved 
 
 'That the Committee of publication be requested to undertake 
 to Print Sir William Hamilton's letter concerning the great toes 
 of the Holy Martyrs S. Cosmo & Damiano with such illustrations 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti ixi 
 
 as they think proper & to cause the drawing annexed to be 
 ingraved for the use of the members of the Society and that the 
 expence of doing it be not considered as part of the original grant. 1 
 
 This somewhat cryptic minute is the first record of 
 what proved an unfortunate error of judgement on 
 the part of the Society. Sir William Hamilton, in the 
 course of his long residence as envoy at Naples, lost 
 no opportunity of searching the kingdom of Naples 
 for any remains of classical antiquity which could 
 be discovered. In the course of these investigations 
 he discovered that at a small town in that kingdom 
 called Isernia a curious ritual still survived, in 
 which the ancient phallic worship of the Romans 
 was maintained in all its primitive simplicity, in 
 combination with and under the shadow of the rites 
 paid at the shrine of the two martyrs, St. Cosmo and 
 St. Damian. Struck by the curiosity of this direct 
 survival from classical times, Hamilton communicated 
 an account of what he had witnessed to the Society 
 of Dilettanti in a letter addressed to Sir Joseph 
 Banks from Naples on December 30, 178 1. This 
 letter is the one alluded to in the above minute. 
 
 In 1784 Pierre Francois Hugues, better known by jytianear- 
 his assumed name of D'Hancarville, came to London ville. 
 on a visit to Townley in Westminster. He had, 
 as has been already mentioned, been associated with 
 Sir William Hamilton in the production of the 
 famous work illustrating Hamilton's first collection 
 and entitled Anttquttes etrusqu.es, grecques, et romainss, 
 (1766—7). Since then he had been engaged for many 
 years in compiling a vast work, entitled Recherches sur 
 I'Origine^ I'Esprit et les Progres des Arts de la Grece, 
 which was published in London in 1785-. The 
 work in question has been appropriately described 
 as c a fantastic farrago of mystico-symbolical revela- 
 
ill History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 tion and groundless hypotheses.' At this date there 
 was nothing approaching to an exact or scientific 
 appreciation of the symbolic rites observed in the 
 worship of their deities by pagan or Oriental races. 
 D'Hancarville, in spite of the gross absurdities which 
 abound in his work, must be regarded as one of the 
 earliest writers to attempt any such solution of 
 these difficult questions, which in the course of the 
 next hundred years have furnished matter of research 
 and speculation to so many more competent minds. 
 Among the subjects treated by D'Hancarville was that 
 of phallicism in ancient religious rites. His theories 
 and arguments completely fascinated the minds of 
 Townley and Payne Knight, and this infection was 
 communicated by them to the Society of Dilettanti. 
 The Society therefore, as recorded above, decided 
 to print and illustrate Hamilton's letter on the 
 curious rites which he had witnessed at Isernia. 
 The The work was entrusted to Payne Knight, who 
 
 'Pnapeia: added an essay of his own composition. The work 
 was ready for publication in 1786, and bore the 
 title of An Account of the Worship of Priapus, lately 
 existing at Isernia in the Kingdom of Naples : in Two 
 Letters j One from Sir William Hamilton, IQ.B., His 
 Majesty s Minister at the Court of Naples, to Sir Joseph 
 Banks, Bart., President of the j\oyal Society ; and the other 
 from a Person residing at Isernia : To which is added, 
 A discourse on the Worship of Priapus, and its Connexion 
 with the Mystic Theology of the Ancients by j\ P. Kjiight, 
 Esq. (London. Printed by T. Spilbury, Snowfall, 
 1 7 8<5 .) It was known shortly as the Priapeia. On 
 March 3, 1787, it is recorded in the minutes that 
 
 c Mr. Windham on the part of the Committee of publication 
 reported that the Priapda ordered by the Society to be printed is 
 Finishd & ready for delivery. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 123 
 
 c Ordered, motion made by Ld. Bessborough, Father of the Society, 
 That the Thanks of this Society be given to R. P. Knight Esqre. for the 
 able & elegant manner in which he has investigated the interesting 
 & diricult subject of this valuable work & that they be delivered 
 to him at the next meeting he shall attend by the arch-master or 
 his deputy appointed by the Society, dressd in his Crimson Taffety 
 Robe & other insignia of his office. 
 
 ' That the Copies be lodg'd in the custody of the Secretary & 
 one of them deliverd to each member of the Society, & that except 
 these he do not on any Pretence whatever part with any other copy 
 without an order made at a regular meeting/ 
 
 c That each member be allowd once & no more to move the 
 Society recommending by name a Friend to whom he wishes the 
 Society to present a copy.' 
 
 And again on April 1, 1787, 
 
 'Mr. Wilbraham as Deputy Arch-Master Dressd in all the 
 insignia of office returned the Thanks of the Society to R. P. Knight 
 Esq r . for his able work of the Priapeia.' 
 
 c Ordered that the Secretary do inscribe on the back of the title- 
 page of each the name of the Person to whom it is presented 6c the 
 circumstances of its being a Present from the Society of Dilettanti.' 
 
 Copies of the work were presented under the 
 above orders to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, the 
 British Museum, the Society of Antiquaries, the Royal 
 Society, the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, the 
 Royal Academy, the Royal Library, Copenhagen, 
 &c. Six extra copies were presented to Sir William 
 Hamilton, and twenty-five others to be distributed 
 among foreigners. The names of about eighty 
 noblemen, gentlemen, clergymen, antiquaries, and 
 others occur in the minutes as recipients of presenta- 
 tion copies, including those of Horace Walpole, 
 Dr. Combe, D'Hancarville, the Duke of Portland, 
 Lord Thurlow, Mr. Planta, Charles James Fox, 
 Mr. Astle, Mr. Malone, Mr. Gibbon, Mr. Wilkes, 
 the Duke of Roxburghe, Caleb Whitefoord, and other 
 notable persons, including distinguished foreigners. 
 
 It is evident that the Society in issuing this work -Reception of 
 had no intention of publishing anything calculated to the 'volume. 
 
Ti4 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 give offence or to be considered a breach of morality. 
 Its spirit is meant to be truly antiquarian: if the result 
 is both dull and grotesque, that is due partly to 
 the far-fetched mythological fancies which passed for 
 learning at the time, partly to a failure of tact and 
 humorous perception in the authors. Offence at any 
 rate the publication did give, and Payne Knight, 
 whose name was chiefly identified with the publica- 
 tion, was vehemently assailed on its account. Mathias, 
 a satirist of a violent and reckless description, dubbed 
 'a miserable imp ' by Dr. Wolcot, and branded by De 
 Quincey for c much mean and impotent spite 9 and 
 4 systematic pedantry,' made a severe attack on him in 
 the work known as The Pursuits of Literature. These 
 and other attacks affected Payne Knight so much that 
 he did his best to call in all the copies he could of 
 the offending work, which is consequently of great 
 scarcity and especially in an unmutilated condition. 
 Retrospect -. At the close of the eighteenth century the Society 
 ™^ °^ ^^ ettant ^ notwithstanding such a slip in taste and 
 initJ". ' judgement as this, might well look back with satis- 
 faction upon the work done by its members, both 
 collectively and individually, in the cause of classical 
 archaeology. Sixty or seventy years earlier, the 
 study of classical antiquities could hardly be said to 
 exist, while the collection of specimens and the 
 description of ancient buildings and sites were left 
 to a few casual travellers. The foundation of the 
 Society of Dilettanti brought together all the rich 
 young travellers of British birth in a kind of healthy 
 competition towards a single goal. Under the spur 
 of this competition purses were opened freely, and 
 with the help of English gold the soil of Rome and 
 the Campagna yielded up its long-buried treasures. 
 Without the zeal and perspicacity of such men as 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 1x5- 
 
 Gavin Hamilton, Byres, Fagan, and Jenkins the 
 excavations might have been fruitless or barren, and 
 without the money of the Dilettanti they might have 
 been indefinitely postponed. The exertions of the 
 earlier English excavators, dealers, and collectors had 
 a further good effect in stimulating native rivalry. 
 Prelates like Cardinal Albani, popes like Clement 
 XIV and Pius VI, becoming alive to the value of 
 the treasures that the foreigner was exporting from 
 under their very eyes, were aroused to greater energy 
 in the formation of those marvellous collections 
 of marbles which are now displayed in the galleries 
 of Rome. In other countries the leaven of classical 
 enthusiasm worked more slowly. France, despite the 
 zeal of an amateur like Caylus and an artist like 
 Cochin, took little share in the classic revival of the 
 eighteenth century until after the storms of the Re- 
 volution. Germany, it is true, produced in the person 
 of Winckelmann an archaeologist of far greater power 
 and insight than any of his English contemporaries y 
 but in historical order the fame and European 
 influence of Winckelmann follows and does not 
 precede the efforts of the earlier English Dilettanti. 
 
 More important and more vital to the future of Wwk /» 
 the study than the recovery and export to this Greece * 
 country of classical remains from Italy, had been the ** * 
 work of the Society in exploring, measuring, and 
 publishing the antiquities of Greece itself and of 
 Ionia. It is to the credit of the Dilettanti that at 
 the outset they recognized the true and guiding 
 principle in classical archaeology, that the numberless 
 monuments of sculpture, architecture, or painting 
 which were continually being dug up in Rome, 
 Naples, or the surrounding districts, were in the 
 main but imperfect reflections of the pure light of 
 
iz6 History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 
 
 Further 
 enterprises : 
 neiv Publi- 
 cation 
 Committee. 
 
 ' Specimens 
 of Antient 
 Sculpture' 
 
 Hellenic art and culture, the true source of which 
 was to be found alone on the soil of Greece, the 
 Greek provinces of Asia Minor, or the islands of the 
 Archipelago. The great works of Stuart and Revett, 
 which the Dilettanti encouraged and assisted, the 
 Ionian Jntiquities of Chandler, Revett, and Pars, 
 for which they were entirely responsible, remain as 
 the basis from which all classical archaeologists 
 have since worked. 
 
 Together with this honourable record of work 
 accomplished, the Society, as the century drew to an 
 end, found themselves in possession of an incentive 
 to new exertions in the shape of a comfortable 
 balance of about .£10,000 in hand. Accordingly 
 they decided to embark on further ventures in the 
 domain of classical archaeology. On Feb. 10, 17995 
 a motion was made and seconded 
 
 * That a New Committee of Publication be appointed.' 
 
 At a ballot held on March 3 the new committee 
 was constituted, its members being Mr. Knight, 
 Mr. Windham, Mr. Peachey, Mr. Townley, and Sir 
 Henry Englefield. It promptly commenced work 
 on a publication of a new kind, the object of which 
 was to illustrate and make known the choicest 
 specimens of ancient sculpture which had been 
 acquired by members of the Society abroad, and now 
 adorned their private mansions in England. 
 On May 10, 1799, the committee resolved 
 
 'That Mr. Townley and Mr. Knight do inquire for proper 
 engravers, and put a certain number of the drawings now selected 
 into their hands to be engraved duiing the summer ; and also do 
 employ draughtsmen to make additional drawings fiom the different 
 collections of antiquities in London, giving draughts upon the 
 Treasurer of the Society for the work as it is executed, not exceed- 
 ing in the whole the sum of £zco till further ordeis.' 
 
History of the Society of "Dilettanti 117 
 
 The undertaking thus set on foot took shape in 
 due course in the beautifully executed work entitled 
 Select Specimens of Antient Sculpture preserved in the 
 several Collections of Great Britain. It was, as might 
 be expected, mainly promoted and carried out by 
 Payne Knight and Townley. The engraving of the 
 plates occupied eight years, from May, 1799, to 
 May, 1807. The sixty-three works of art selected 
 were chiefly taken from the collections of these two 
 gentlemen, twenty-three being from Mr. Knight's 
 collection, and twenty-three from Mr. Townley's. 
 Of the remainder, four came from the Marquess of 
 Lansdowne's collection, nine from the Earl of 
 Egremont's, two from Mr. Hope's, and one each 
 from those of the Earl of Yarborough and the 
 Earl of Cork. The volume contained seventy-five 
 plates, exclusive of head and tail pieces, and was 
 entrusted to the best draughtsmen and engravers 
 of the day. During its progress the Publication 
 Committee had been strengthened by the addition, 
 on February 10, i8oy, of Lord Northwick and 
 Mr. Thomas Hope, and later of the Earl of 
 Aberdeen, c Athenian Aberdeen.' 
 
 The Specimens were ready for publication in 1808, Mode of 
 about £2,300 having been expended upon the plates. P ubllcatw 
 The Society took a new departure in determining 
 to issue the volume to the public. In March, 1808, 
 an agreement was made with Mr. Thomas Payne of 
 Pall Mall and Mr. John White of Fleet Street, 
 booksellers, to publish the work on the following 
 terms. Messrs. Payne and White agreed to purchase 
 the work and the engraved copperplates for 2,000 
 guineas, and to print it in Colombier folio in the 
 most magnificent style; and the Committee of 
 Publication agreed to purchase fifty-five (afterwards 
 
n8 History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 
 
 increased to sixty) copies at fifteen guineas each 
 for distribution among the members of the Society, 
 these copies to be printed on paper of a larger 
 size than those to be issued by Messrs. Payne and 
 White for sale to the public. A copy was pre- 
 sented to the King through Mr. F. A. Barnard, the 
 royal librarian, another to the Prince of Wales 
 through Colonel MacMahon, and a third to the 
 British Museum. The expense borne by the Society 
 amounted therefore merely to the value of the 
 copies purchased by them; but they retained no 
 copies for distribution to subsequent members, a 
 motion being made in April, 1808, by the Earl 
 of Aberdeen, seconded by Sir H. Englefield, and 
 carried unanimously, < That no member elected 
 into the Society after March 21, 1808, shall be 
 entitled to receive the work now about to be 
 published,' a rule modified on March 4, 18 10, in 
 favour of Mr. F. Foster and Mr. Wilkins the 
 architect, the only two members who had been 
 elected during this interval. The full title of the 
 book as published was — 
 
 Specimens 
 of 
 
 Antient Sculpture, 
 Aegyptian, Etruscan, Greek, 
 and 
 Roman : 
 selected from 
 Different Collections in Great Britain, 
 by 
 
 The Society of Dilettanti. 
 Vol. I. 
 
 T apyjai 6t oioBa, kcu to Kaiv' avei oa<f>m. 
 London : 
 Printed by T. Bensley, Bolt Court, 
 For T. Payne, Pall Mall- and J. White and Co., Fleet Street. 
 
 1809. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 129 
 
 The book commences with a 'Preliminary Disserta- -proposed 
 tion on the Rise, Progress, and Decline of Antient second 
 Sculpture ' from the pen of Payne Knight. A second volume - 
 volume was in immediate contemplation, some of 
 the plates even having been engraved before the 
 publication of the first; but this sequel was in 
 point of fact not completed until many years later. 
 
 During the years when the leading spirits among opportu- 
 the Dilettanti were thus engaged in preparing the nities los * 
 first volume of the Specimens, they unfortunately meanvj 1 e ' 
 turned a deaf ear to other, and what in one instance 
 at least ought to have been far stronger, claims 
 on their attention. Such neglect was due partly, 
 no doubt, to pre-occupation with their own chosen 
 task, and partly also, it may perhaps be feared, to 
 some touch of that spirit of jealousy and prejudice 
 from which the pursuits of the collector and con- 
 noisseur are not always exempt. 
 
 One example occurs in the spring of 1803, when sir William 
 it is recorded under date March 6 that Hamilton's 
 
 notes and 
 
 « The Right Hon ble . Sir William Hamilton, K. B., offered to drawings. 
 this Society a collection of the original Notes and Drawings 
 relative to the Discoveries in the City of Herculaneum made 
 during the course of the excavations in that City by the Padre 
 Antonio Piazzi & by the Padre himself given to Sir W m . 
 Hamilton, in order that the Society might publish the same in 
 such manner as they may think Proper. 
 
 ' Resolved That the Society do accept from their worthy member 
 S r W m . Hamilton this most valuable present & do return their 
 sincere thanks for the same. 
 
 4 Secondly That the Papers presented by S r William Hamilton 
 be referred to the Committee of Publication, who on inspection 
 of them shall report to the Society their sentiments with respect 
 to the most eligible mode to be pursued in their publication. 
 
 c grdly. That the next ordinary meeting of the Society shall 
 be on Sunday April 17th on account of the Easter Holidays and 
 that an open Committee of this Society shall meet on Sunday, 
 March 27th to consider of the Publication of the Manuscripts 
 communicated by Sir W m . Hamilton.' 
 
130 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 In spite of the above minutes and of Hamilton's 
 own anxiety about these papers, which he described 
 in a letter to the President, dated March 25-, 1803, as 
 < a favourite child of mine,' the records of the 
 Society contain no further mention of the subject. 
 It cannot but be regretted that the Dilettanti did 
 not take advantage of this opportunity of identify- 
 ing themselves with the introduction to the world of 
 the long-buried treasures of Herculaneum, treasures 
 which, though for the most part of the late Roman 
 date, possess both from the artistic and the anti- 
 quarian points of view so profound and many-sided 
 an interest. Hamilton himself had been too ill 
 to attend the meeting where his offer was made, 
 and died within a month afterwards. 
 Letter from Another and far more regrettable mistake was 
 Lord Elgn. ma de about the same time by the Society under 
 the guidance of Payne Knight. The minutes for 
 1803 contain the following entry : — 
 
 '1803, Feb. 13. Read a Letter from Ld. Elgin to Th os . 
 Harrison, architect & from him to Mr. Townley on the subject 
 of his collection from Athens & other parts of Greece. 
 
 c Ordered that the said Letters be referred to the Comm ee 
 of Publication for them to report their opinion on the said papers.' 
 
 The Par- Before narrating the sequel it is necessary to 
 t ^ t0 ? l revert for a moment to the history of the sculptured 
 decorations of the Parthenon at Athens from the 
 
 since Carrey. 
 
 point where we left it in Chapter IV. Allusion 
 was there made to the drawings from those 
 sculptures executed in 1674 for the Marquis 
 de Nointel by Jacques Carrey. While Carrey 
 was engaged on these drawings, Spon and Wheler 
 made their expedition to Greece and the Levant, 
 during which Spon made hasty notes of the 
 sculptures of the Parthenon and other buildings of 
 
History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 131 
 
 the Acropolis. In one of these notes Spon hazarded 
 the opinion that two of the figures of the west 
 pediment resembled the Emperor Hadrian and the 
 Empress Sabina, and from this cursory note deduced 
 a theory that the sculptures, at least in the pedi- 
 ments, were a later addition to the temple. In 
 1687 came the bombardment of Athens by the 
 Venetians under Morosini and the partial destruc- 
 tion of the Parthenon. From this date onwards 
 the sculptures were exposed to constant injury from 
 the ravages of time and still more from the hand 
 of man, Venetians, Turks, and even Frenchmen 
 having their share in the work of spoliation and 
 destruction. Many portions of the sculptures noted 
 by Carrey had disappeared before 175T, the year 
 of the visit to Athens of Stuart and Revett. The 
 appearance of the successive volumes of Stuart's 
 Athens revealed to the world the beauty and value 
 of the portions which remained, and the Society of 
 Dilettanti may fairly claim some credit for the part 
 which they had taken in assisting that revelation. 
 Meanwhile the work of decay and destruction at 
 Athens progressed slowly but steadily. 
 
 In 1 79 6 Thomas Harrison, a Yorkshire architect Thomas 
 of eminence, was employed to build the house of Harr>s0> 
 Broom Hall in Fifeshire for Thomas Bruce, seventh 
 Earl of Elgin. Harrison had studied in Rome, and 
 was a proficient enthusiast in the classic style 
 which had been revived by the publications of 
 Stuart and Revett and the Society of Dilettanti. 
 When in 1799 tne Earl of Elgin was appointed 
 to the embassy at Constantinople, Harrison suggested 
 to him the possibility of obtaining casts and 
 drawings of the remains of ancient sculpture at 
 Athens for his new mansion of Broom Hall. 
 
 K 2 
 
igx History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Aahn taken Fired by Harrison's suggestion, and undeterred 
 by Lord by ^ ne discouraging attitude of Government, Elgin 
 &a *' consulted Sir William Hamilton in Sicily, and on 
 his advice sent a Neapolitan painter, Lusieri, with 
 two draughtsmen, two modellers, and a Calmuck 
 figure-painter to carry out this work at Athens. 
 Difficulties however occurred with the local autho- 
 rities, so that in 1 8 o i Elgin obtained from the Porte 
 a firman not only to mould casts of the figures, but 
 also to take away any pieces of stone with old 
 inscriptions or figures thereon. Shocked by the 
 deliberate destruction which went on almost before 
 his eyes, Elgin determined to use the firman to 
 remove as many of the marbles as he could from 
 Athens with the view of preserving them from further 
 ravages. Into the detailed history of his operations 
 it is unnecessary to enter here. 
 Lord Elgin When they were completed, he addressed to the 
 and the Dilettanti through Thomas Harrison the letter of 
 which the receipt is acknowledged in the minute 
 above quoted. Here was an opportunity for the 
 Society to take the lead in recognizing the deserts 
 of the man whose action has in truth done more 
 than that of all others together to further the know- 
 ledge and love of Greek art throughout cultivated 
 Europe. But the opportunity was deliberately 
 missed. A chilling silence conceals what the real 
 feelings of the Society were concerning Elgin's 
 < collection from Athens and other parts of Greece,' 
 and not even the text of his letter has been pre- 
 served. No answer is recorded, and no steps what- 
 ever appear to have been taken. Very soon after- 
 wards Elgin was recalled, and the greater part of 
 his collections were shipped to England, the first 
 part reaching London, after undergoing shipwreck 
 
History of the Society of "Dilettanti 13 3 
 
 and other adventures, about 1805-. His desire at the 
 beginning was that the marbles should be handed 
 over unconditionally to the British Government. 
 
 But presently the silent neglect of the Dilettanti influence of 
 turned into active hostility. Townley was dead ; v J ytie , . 
 Payne Knight ruled supreme over the Society, dhcfedithtg 
 and in cultivated circles generally was regarded the marbles. 
 as a kind of dictator in the domain of antiquarian 
 knowledge. Busied as he was upon his cherished 
 Specimens of Antient Sculpture, he may have thought 
 that the Greek marbles would endanger the reputa- 
 tion of the Graeco-Roman works which formed the 
 bulk of his and of his late friend Townley's 
 collection. At any rate, without even seeing them, 
 Payne Knight declared war upon the marbles, boldly 
 appropriating Spon's original and perfectly futile 
 suggestion that they were Roman works of the 
 time of Hadrian. In his Preliminary Essay to the 
 first volume of the Specimens he goes out of his way 
 to cast discredit on them. The Dilettanti, including 
 men like Aberdeen and Englefield, followed him, 
 although it is by no means clear that they really 
 agreed with his opinion. That the Society cannot, 
 at any rate, have been wholly unanimous on the 
 point we may gather from the known opinions of 
 one member, Mr. Morritt of Rokeby, as well as from 
 the fact that Elgin's former secretary, William 
 Richard Hamilton, who had superintended the re- 
 moval of the marbles to England and published 
 a memoir upon them, was proposed and in the end 
 received as a member. He was indeed twice rejected 
 in spite of the influence of his proposers — first Sir 
 H. Englefield and the Earl of Aberdeen, and next 
 Sir H. Englefield and Mr. Symmons ; but on January 6 y 
 1 8 1 1, he was elected, his proposers being Sir William 
 
134 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Drummond and the Marquess of Douglas. Meantime 
 the corporate attitude of the Society continued 
 hostile to Elgin and his treasures. Largely in con- 
 sequence of this attitude, the unfortunate marbles 
 languished in unmerited neglect, severe attacks being 
 made not only on them, but on Elgin's private 
 character and behaviour in the matter of their 
 acquisition ; and eventually Elgin determined to 
 offer the collection for sale. 
 champions But by degrees the marbles began to find powerful 
 on the other champions in the art world, including the Presi- 
 S &seli WeSt> ^ ent °^ t ^ ie Rova l Academy, Benjamin West; the 
 Hay/on. Keeper of the Royal Academy, Henry Fuseli; and 
 most important of all, the ill-starred genius Benjamin 
 Robert Haydon. Few chapters in the history of art 
 are so picturesque and thrilling as that which 
 narrates the campaign carried on by Haydon, almost 
 single-handed, in favour of the Elgin Marbles 
 against the whole weight of opposition brought by 
 Payne Knight, Aberdeen, and the Society of Dilet- 
 tanti. Payne Knight was no craven fighter, but it 
 must be confessed that in the controversy with 
 Haydon he, and through him the Society, came off 
 decidedly second best and with greatly impaired 
 reputation. 
 
 Progress In 1 8 1 1, when the marbles were first offered to 
 of the t j ie Government by Elgin in return for some com- 
 
 controversy. • r t • j •• r 1 • 
 
 J pensation for his expenses and recognition or his 
 services to his country in this matter, the Premier, 
 Spencer Perceval, returned an answer as contemptuous 
 and insulting as if it had been dictated by Payne 
 Knight himself. Lord Byron in his impassioned 
 poem, the Curse of Minerva, threw into the attack on 
 Elgin, West, and others a touch of real warm- 
 hearted sentiment for Greece, which was entirely 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 13? 
 
 wanting in the shallow and pedantic criticism of Payne 
 Knight. But before long authoritative foreign 
 opinion came to declare itself on the side of Elgin's 
 English champions. A Deus ex machina appeared in the 
 person of the Crown Prince of Bavaria, who lately had 
 purchased the pedimental sculptures of Aegina, and 
 during a visit to London in 1 8 1 4 made no conceal- 
 ment of his admiration for the Elgin Marbles and his 
 desire to acquire them. The Government, impelled 
 by W. R. Hamilton, who had become Under-Secretary 
 of State for Foreign Affairs, at last showed some 
 signs of moving in the matter, but during the 
 excitement that preceded and followed the Battle 
 of Waterloo no action was taken. 
 
 Meanwhile, however, Haydon had not relaxed his Crown 
 efforts to convince his countrymen of the value of the Frmce °f 
 marbles both by his pen and by oral and practical j^^ri' 
 exposition. He was now strongly reinforced not canova-. 
 only by the Bavarian Crown Prince, but also by the the Select 
 great Italian archaeologist Visconti, Director of Commttee - 
 the Musee Napoleon, and the great Italian sculptor 
 Canova. These were regarded in England as better 
 prophets than any person of British birth and 
 education, and their estimate of the marbles gradually 
 permeated society and converted polite opinion. At 
 last a Select Committee was appointed by the House 
 of Commons to inquire < whether it be expedient 
 that the collection mentioned in the Earl of Elgin's 
 petition, presented to the House on the fifteenth day 
 of February last, should be purchased on behalf of 
 the public ; and if so, what price it may be reasonable 
 to allow for the same.' The evidence given before 
 the Committee shows individual members among 
 the Dilettanti in a more favourable light than 
 that in which they had hitherto appeared by their 
 
136 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 corporate action or inaction. Payne Knight stood 
 almost alone in his unflinching condemnation of the 
 marbles, and it is impossible to withhold some sense 
 of admiration for the courage with which he main- 
 tained what was obviously a losing cause. Wilkins 
 the architect and the Earl of Aberdeen both 
 deserted him, and admitted, though somewhat un- 
 graciously, the value of the marbles. Another dis- 
 tinguished member, Mr. Morritt of Rokeby (of 
 whom more hereafter), was an enthusiastic supporter 
 of Elgin throughout. The sculptors Nollekens, 
 Flaxman, Chantrey, and Westmacott, the painters 
 West and Lawrence, with Alexander Day, the art 
 collector and dealer, were all on the same side. 
 Only Haydon was not examined by the Committee, 
 probably in view of the intense personal animosity 
 which he had shown to Payne Knight and 
 Knight to him. Haydon, however, fulminated in 
 the press with an article 'On the Judgement of 
 Connoisseurs being preferred to that of Professional 
 Men.' Eventually the Elgin Marbles were acquired 
 by the Government for ^"3^,000, not much more 
 than half of the expenses incurred by Elgin in their 
 acquisition and removal. Payne Knight had enjoyed 
 for several years a temporary triumph, but in 
 this triumph his reputation as a connoisseur and 
 critic was for ever engulfed. 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 Internal changes — The Ballot — Abolition of Forfeitures — 
 Removals : Parslow's : the Thatched House — Re- 
 searches in Greece and the Levant — Z^eal of new 
 members — Colt Hoare, Long, Ainslie, Hawkins — 
 Morritt of Rokeby — Hope of Deepdene — Lord Mor- 
 peth, Lord Northwick, Earl of Aberdeen — Wilkins, 
 Leake, Gell — New Ionian Committee — Its report 
 on Gell's proposed Expedition — Instructions to the 
 Expedition — Researches at Eleusis — Work at Samos, 
 Miletus, Magnesia, Gfc. — Work at Rhamnus, Thoricus, 
 and Sunium — The Aegina Marbles — Risks from 
 pirates and privateers — Return of mission — John 
 Peter Gandy — Resolutions as to publication — Con- 
 gratulations to members of mission — Details of scheme 
 — Sir Henry Englefi eld's appeal — Its results — < The 
 Unedited Antiquities of Attica ' — New Edition of 
 ' Ionian Antiquities ' — Further activities : second 
 volume of the ' Specimens ' — Difficulties and delays 
 — Mode of meeting expenses — Deaths of Englefield 
 and Payne Benight — Sir T. Lawrence as Secretary — 
 A German scholar's tribute — Distinguished members. 
 
 AT this point it becomes desirable briefly to internal 
 interupt our account of the Society's doings chan & 
 L in the fields of antiquarian research, publica- 
 tion, and controversy, in order to give some 
 account of certain changes which were made in 
 its internal economy. These changes coincide in 
 
 es. 
 
ig8 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 date with the period chiefly occupied with the 
 preparation of the Specimens of Antient Sculpture. 
 The ballot. The ballot for the election of members seems to 
 have been a source of difficulty. Whereas in former 
 days the non-election of a candidate duly proposed 
 and seconded by members of the Society was 
 a matter of rare occurrence, for a few years follow- 
 ing 1799 ^ became much more frequent, the same 
 candidate being proposed and rejected meeting after 
 meeting under circumstances which argue some 
 want of unanimity among the members of the 
 Society. In April 3, 1796, 
 
 £ It was moved and seconded that the 5th Rule respecting the 
 Election of Members be rescinded. Resolved in the affirmative. 
 
 i It was moved and seconded that in future ballots for the election 
 of a member z black balls do exclude. Resolved in the affirmative. 
 
 'It was moved and seconded that in future the name of every 
 candidate for election at this Society be Proposed at the meeting 
 previous to his being put to the Ballot. Resolved in the affirma- 
 tive.' 
 
 The new rules appear for the next few years to 
 have been exercised with some severity. We even 
 find, in certain of the opening years of the century, 
 the number of the rejected exceeding that of 
 the successful candidates. This appears to have 
 produced some feeling in the Society. On January 
 3 o, 1 8 04, it was resolved 
 
 ' That no Ballot for a new Member take place but in the 
 presence of either the Mover or the Seconder of the motion for 
 his admission/ 
 
 implying that a candidate proposed at one meeting 
 was in danger of being blackballed if his supporters 
 were not present to speak for him. A more serious 
 state of things is suggested by the following minute 
 of June 7, 1807. It was moved by Mr. Wilbraham 
 and seconded by Mr. Windham, 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 139 
 
 4 That in future when there are more than one Candidate to be 
 ballotted for the ballotting box be not opened till the ballott for each 
 Candidate be finished & that Quilted Balls of different Colours be 
 provided by Parslow a different Colour to be appropriated to each 
 Candidate.' 
 
 A further indication of feeling upon the subject 
 is shown by a minute of March 3, 1 8 1 1 : 
 
 c Moved by Ld. Borringdon & seconded by Ld. Dundas That 
 in future when only two Negative Balls shall appear in a Ballott 
 the Ballott shall be repeated.' 
 
 The collection of forfeitures for non-attendance Abolition of 
 and of the debts of members who abdicated either Forfeitures. 
 of their own will or by compulsion began to prove 
 an irksome business. On March 11, 1797, it was 
 resolved in committee 
 
 < That it being a Rule of the Society to dine together the first 
 Sunday in every month from the ist Sunday in December to May, 
 Every Member absent on such days shall forfeit | guinea & no 
 letters of excuse to be admitted. That any member incurring 
 twelve forfeitures & not paying his Arrears in one month after 
 they are demanded be considered, as excluded from the Society & 
 such notice to be put by the Secretary in the accustomed form.' 
 
 This arrangement, however, does not seem to have 
 worked very much better, the sending of c Medusas ' 
 and the collection of forfeitures still proving an 
 irksome business. On February 14, 1808, a lengthy 
 list of alterations in the rules relating to forfeitures 
 and abdications was resolved upon by the Society. 
 
 * Resolved that the law which enacts that no letter shall in future 
 excuse the forfeit for nonattendance not being generally known to 
 those members of this Society many of whom have continued in 
 consequence of their ignorance of it, to write letters of excuse 
 thereby showing their respect for the Society & their desire to 
 continue Members thereof- no member shall on account of his 
 having incurred more than six forfeitures under the above recited 
 circumstances, be considered as having abdicated, & that no more 
 than 6 forfeitures shall be demanded of any member for non- 
 attendance up to the present day. 
 
 4 Resolved That the Secretary shall write to those Members, who 
 
140 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 have incurred six forfeitures, informing them of the Law abolish- 
 ing letters of excuse, &c likewise of the Vote of indulgence now 
 passed in their favour, & requiring their personal attendance at 
 the next Meeting under pain of Abdication unless they can show 
 such cause for their Absence as shall appear satisfactory to the Society. 
 
 c Resolved, That the Secretary shall write letters to all such 
 members as shall have incurred five forfeitures, admonishing them 
 of their danger, & communicating to them the law abolishing 
 letters of Excuse. 
 
 c Ordered That the Abolition of letters of excuse shall be 
 announced by the Secretary at the Six next Meetings of the Society. 
 
 c Resolved That it having been the antient usage of this Society 
 to grant leave of absence for a limited time, to such of their 
 Members as have asked in writing for the same, either on account 
 of business of importance detaining them in the Country, or ill- 
 health confining them to their houses in London, the Secretary 
 having on due consideration of such request judged that sufficient 
 reason appeared for granting the same ; and it being evident that 
 such indulgence to their Members is by the abolition of letters 
 of excuse rendered more Necessary & that it will tend much to the 
 welfare of the Society to grant it, as thereby the abdication 
 of many Valuable members may be prevented, That any Member 
 desirous of Leave of Absence on account of business detaining 
 bim in the Country or ill-health confining him to his house in 
 London, shall request the same by a letter addressed to the 
 President of the Soc. of Dilettanti at Parsloes or wherever the 
 Society may in future hold their Meetings stating the cause of 
 such his request ; which shall be taken into consideration at the 
 meeting when such letter is received ; and on leave of absence 
 being granted, the members shall be excused from forfeitures for 
 non attendance; but not from the Payment of Dinner or Face 
 Money : and that the Secretary shall inform him by letter of the 
 grant or refusal of his request. But that his leave of absence shall 
 ipso facto expire on proof being given to the Soc. of his having 
 been seen in town or if absent for illness of his having gone into 
 Publick. And that nothing in this resolution shall be understood 
 to relate to members of this Society absent in foreign parts on the 
 Publick Service; who have ever been exempted from the payment 
 of all sums due to the Society, during such their absence, the 
 same having been duly notified by them to the Society by a 
 letter addressed to the President. 
 
 c Resolved That all new Laws or Orders and all alterations in 
 the now Existing laws or orders shall be read by the Secretary at 
 the Six meetings following such enactment or alteration ; that no 
 member may plead ignorance thereof.' 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 141 
 
 An important step was therefore taken by the 
 Society on February 4, 18 10, when it was moved by 
 the Secretary 
 
 ' That the collection of forfeitures being very inconvenient to 
 the Society and productive of much labour to the Secretary it would 
 be advantageous to the Society to adopt the following regulations, 
 
 ' First That every member do pay to the Society four guineas 
 annually as dinner money. 
 
 ' Secondly That from this day all forfeitures for non-attendance 
 do cease and be abolished. 
 
 'Thirdly That no Reckoning shall be collected from the Company 
 but that the Bill shall be paid by the Secretary out of the Dinner 
 Money. Tea & Coffee not to be included in the Bill. 
 
 'Fourthly That the dinner shall be ordered at 10/6 pr. head, the 
 number provided for to be as formerly at the discretion of the 
 Secretary. 
 
 'And the above 4 Resolutions being severally put from the Chair 
 & seconded were unanimously carried and recommended for 
 confirmation at the next meeting.' 
 
 And on March 4, 1 8 1 o, 
 
 ' The four Resolutions of the meeting of Feb. 4 relative to the 
 Change of the Dinner Money & abolition of Forfeitures were put 
 & confirmed.' 
 
 The new regulations thus removed the difficulties 
 of forfeitures and the collection of the dinner- 
 money at the table itself, providing also for the 
 contribution of absent members to the expenses of 
 the Society's dinners. This annual payment for 
 dinner-money, with the subscription for the building 
 and face-money, from this date constituted the 
 liabilities of members of the Society. 
 
 A change also took place in the meeting-place Removals: 
 of the Society. In 1 8 o o it was decided to transfer the Par slow' s : 
 meetings of the Society from the Star and Garter ™* Tltatcht 
 
 T> • T» 1 1 ■» r 1 1 ■ House. 
 
 Tavern in Pall Mall to a great room in a tavern 
 owned by Mr. Parslow in St. James's Street. This, 
 it will be remembered, had been for some years also 
 the meeting-place of another famous dining society, 
 
i^z History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 the Literary Club founded by Johnson and Reynolds 
 and known by custom as 4 The Club.' The following 
 minutes record this removal : — 
 
 'Feb. 16, 1800. Ordered that a Committee do meet on Sunday 
 2 March to settle a place for the permanent meetings of the Society/ 
 
 ' March 2, 1800. Ordered That the Very High Steward be 
 desired to enter into an agreement with Mr. Parslow for the use 
 of a Room for the pictures belonging to the Society for their 
 meetings exclusively.' 
 
 'Feb. 8, 1 80 1. Ordered that the Very High Steward do pay 
 Mr. Parslow's bill for removing their pictures from the Star and 
 Garter & putting them in his room. £8 14 4.' 
 
 £ Nov. 2, 1 801. Ordered That the Very High Steward do 
 pay Mr. Parslow Ten guineas for one years use of his great 
 Room. £10 10 o.' 
 
 This arrangement lasted till 18 10, when it was 
 terminated by Mr. Parslow's death, and the Society 
 had to seek for quarters elsewhere. 
 
 'January 21st, 18 10. The Society met in the Rooms in Argyle 
 Street to consider of the future place of their meetings Parsloes 
 Tavern being shut up in consequence of his decease. The Secretary 
 did not attend being confined by gout. The meeting was con- 
 sidered as a Committee the Duke of Norfolk in the Chair. 
 Mr. Windham acted as Secretary. 
 
 ' It was resolved that the next meeting be at Willis's Tavern in 
 St. Jame's Street called the Thatched House on Sunday Feb. 4th.' 
 
 'Feb. 4, 1 8 10. The Society met at the Thatched House for 
 the first time, when Mr. Knight informed the Society that H?. 
 Greville Esq. had offered the use of his Rooms in Argyle Street 
 gratuitously to the Society for their meetings, at the same time 
 stating that it would not suit his convenience to provide the Dinner 
 for the Society but that they must in the event of their acceptance 
 of his offer employ their own servants for the dinner & wines etc. 
 The Society were of opinion that it would be more eligible to meet at 
 a Tavern but voted their unanimous thanks to Mr. Greville for his 
 very liberal offer and desired Mr. Knight to convey to him the same. 
 
 4 Ordered that the ensuing Meeting of the Society be held on 
 the 4th March at the Thatched House.' 
 
 'April 1, 1 8 10. It was proposed by the Duke of Norfolk & 
 seconded by Mr. Dickinson that a Committee of five be appointed 
 to examine into the particulars of the Premises late Parslows as to 
 their Value 8c eligibility for the future use of the Society and that 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 143 
 
 they do report on the subject to the next meeting of the Society. 
 Ordered unanimously. 
 
 c Mr. Gore then proposed that the following five members be the 
 Committee : 
 
 The Earl of Aberdeen 
 The Earl Cowper 
 Viscount Morpeth 
 Mr. Wilkins 
 
 and the Secretary. Ordered unanimously/ 
 
 f Jan. 6, till. It was ordered on the Representation of the 
 Secretary that the future meetings of the Society should be at the 
 Thatched House and that the pictures of the Society shall be 
 moved from the house late Parslows to the Thatched House and 
 all expenses relative thereto shall be paid by the Secretary out of 
 the Funds of the Society.' 
 
 The Thatched House Tavern, St. James's Street, con- 
 tained a well-known large room for meetings of all 
 sorts, from the days of Swift until its destruction 
 about 1843, when the Conservative Club was erected 
 upon its site. 
 
 Returning to the learned activities of the Society, Researches 
 it must not be supposed that they were confined, ** Greece 
 during this period of Payne Knight's ascendency, 
 entirely to the two works with which the name of 
 that gentleman is identified, or to the mistaken aim 
 of seconding his attempts to discredit the marbles 
 collected by Lord Elgin. The honourable and useful 
 object of ambition and expenditure which the Society 
 had set before itself, that of promoting original 
 research in Greece and the Greek provinces of Asia 
 Minor, was never abandoned. 
 
 The Society was reinforced during the period in Zeal of new 
 question by the election of new members who threw mem ^ ers - 
 themselves vigorously into every scheme of this 
 nature that might be brought before them. Most 
 of these recruits had before their election travelled in 
 Greece, benefiting largely from the impulse given to 
 classical archaeology by the previous publications of 
 
 and the 
 Levant. 
 
144 History of the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 the Dilettanti. The fact that they supported Payne 
 Knight in the unfortunate position which he adopted, 
 does not diminish the credit otherwise due to them 
 for receiving and handing on the torch of enthusiasm 
 in the cause of Greek archaeology. Among the 
 members joining the Society between 1789 and 
 1815-, whose names are most connected with the 
 study of classical antiquities, were Sir Richard 
 Colt Hoare, Sir Charles Long (afterwards Lord Farn- 
 borough), Sir Robert Ainslie, John Hawkins, John 
 Bacon Sawrey Morritt, Thomas Hope, Lord Morpeth, 
 Lord Northwick, the Earl of Aberdeen, William 
 Wilkins, William Gell, and Colonel W. M. Leake. 
 
 colt Hoare, Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart., the eminent Wilt- 
 shire antiquary, made two tours in Italy and Sicily 
 
 Hawkins ^ or tne stu< ^Y anc ^ discovery of classical antiquities, 
 and published two works upon the subject, based 
 upon journals and notes made during his travels. 
 At his house, Stourhead, a perfect museum of anti- 
 quities and works of art, he possessed among his 
 collections a great number of books and drawings 
 relating to the antiquities and topography of Italy, 
 a great part of which he presented to the British 
 Museum. Sir Charles Long, a well-known if not 
 very prominent Government official, inherited a large 
 fortune with his wife, one of the heiresses of the 
 Earl of Bridgewater, and at the close of his life, after 
 being raised to the peerage as Lord Farnborough, 
 devoted himself to forming a collection of paintings 
 and sculpture. Long and his brother-in-law, Sir 
 Abraham Hume, who was also for a short time 
 a member of the Society of Dilettanti, were in 
 their day recognized in London society among the 
 leading authorities on the fine arts, and as true 
 scions of the old c Dilettante ' stock. Sir Robert 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 145- 
 
 Ainslie was appointed ambassador to the Ottoman 
 Porte in 1775-, and resided at Constantinople from 
 1776 to 1792. Having gained the confidence of 
 the Sultan, Ahmed IV, Ainslie found himself in 
 a peculiarly advantageous position for assisting and 
 promoting the work of the Dilettanti. He formed 
 a large and important collection of Oriental coins, 
 of which a description was published by the Abbate 
 Domenico Sestini in 1789. John Hawkins, F.R.S., 
 a distinguished naturalist, resided for a considerable 
 time in the island of Zante, and from thence 
 travelled frequently throughout Greece, acquiring 
 occasionally objects of great value and beauty, espe- 
 cially at Janina in Thessaly. Some of these he ceded 
 to Payne Knight, and a few he retained at a house, 
 Bignor Park, which he purchased for himself in Sussex. 
 
 John Bacon Sawrey Morritt inherited at the age Morritt of 
 of nineteen the estate at Rokeby, which his father had Roie h- 
 purchased from a former member of the Society of 
 Dilettanti, Sir Thomas Robinson. His own name 
 has been made memorable through his intimate 
 and affectionate friendship with Sir Walter Scott, as 
 has that of his home through Scott's poem, to which 
 it gives the title and of which it is the scene. 
 After taking his B.A. degree at Cambridge in 
 1794, Morritt travelled for two years in Greece 
 and Asia Minor, accompanied by the Rev. James 
 Dallaway, the art historian, and others. He made 
 a special study of the plain of Troy and the 
 various localities connected with the Iliad, and, 
 having been at Athens in 179?, was thereafter a 
 consistent supporter of Lord Elgin, both on account 
 of his high opinion of the Parthenon Marbles as 
 works of art, and of Lord Elgin's wise policy in 
 removing them from the risks to which they were 
 
 L 
 
146 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Hope of 
 Deepdene. 
 
 Lord 
 
 Morpeth, 
 
 Lord 
 
 Northwkk, 
 Earl of 
 A her dee?!. 
 
 exposed in their original situation. Morritt was 
 elected a member of the Society of Dilettanti on 
 June 2, 1799, and became one of the leading and most 
 popular spirits of the Society. He was also one of 
 the foundation members of the Travellers' Club. 
 
 Thomas Hope was a member of a rich family of 
 bankers at Amsterdam, which contributed more than 
 one amateur to the ranks of art. Nurtured in his 
 father's house at Haarlem on a superb collection of 
 pictures, Hope travelled for eight years early in life 
 in Egypt, Greece, and the East, mainly for the pur- 
 pose of architectural study, and on his return settled 
 in England. He acquired a valuable collection of 
 marbles, which was at first deposited in his London 
 house in Duchess Street, Cavendish Square, and later 
 removed to his seat at Deepdene, near Dorking. 
 Hope was an enthusiastic amateur of the fine arts, of 
 classical antiquities, and of literature, his taste for 
 furniture causing him to be dubbed by Sidney Smith 
 as ' the man of chairs and tables, the gentleman of 
 sofas.' These tastes were illustrated in his two well- 
 known works, On the Costume of the Ancients, and 
 Anastastus, or Memoirs of a Greek. Hope was elected 
 a member of the Society of Dilettanti in 1800. His 
 younger brother, Henry Philip Hope, was elected in 
 1807, and the family connexion was kept up by the 
 election of his two sons — Henry Thomas Hope in 
 1834, and Alexander J. B. Beresford-Hope in 18^5*. 
 
 George Howard, Lord Morpeth, afterwards sixth 
 Earl of Carlisle — eldest son of the well-known 
 amateur and collector, the fifth earl, and grandson 
 of the fourth earl, who had formed a collection of 
 marbles at Castle Howard — was better known in 
 political than in artistic circles, but he continued the 
 family tradition of interest in art and antiquities, 
 
J. B . S. M0RR1TT. ESQ 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 147 
 
 and eventually became a trustee of the British 
 Museum. Sir John Rushout, afterwards Lord 
 Northwick, was noted for a very remarkable collec- 
 tion of Greek coins and for a fine collection (since 
 dispersed) of paintings by the old masters. George 
 Hamilton-Gordon, fourth Earl of Aberdeen, after 
 succeeding to the title in 1801, travelled for 
 some years on the Continent, spending a long time 
 in Greece. So imbued was Aberdeen with his 
 Hellenic studies, that on his return to England 
 he founded a society known as the ( Athenian 
 Society.' He formed a small collection of marbles 
 and bronzes, which were afterwards presented by 
 his son to the British Museum, and was elected 
 a member of the Society of Dilettanti on March 9, 
 1806. Aberdeen, who was satirized by Byron as 
 
 c The travell'd thane, Athenian Aberdeen,' 
 
 was a friend and strong supporter of Payne Knight, 
 and did not escape from the influence of 
 D'Hancarville. Into his subsequent career as 
 Foreign Secretary and Prime Minister, it is un- 
 necessary to enter here. A portrait of Aberdeen, 
 painted by Partridge and now in the National 
 Portrait Gallery, shows him engaged in his favourite 
 pursuits as a student of Hellenic art. 
 
 William Wilkins, the architect, after graduating wilkins, 
 as sixth wrangler at Cambridge, travelled in Italy Leake, Gelt. 
 and Greece as a student of architecture. He is well 
 known for the numerous buildings designed by him 
 in the 1 Grecian ' style, although he seldom had 
 a free hand in completing them after his original 
 design. Wilkins published several works on classical 
 architecture. He was elected a fellow of the Society 
 of Dilettanti on April 2, 1809, and was, as a pro- 
 fessional man, a member whose word carried much 
 
 L 2 
 
148 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 weight with the Society. Another distinguished 
 traveller and collector was Captain (afterwards 
 Lieut-Colonel) William Martin Leake, who, being 
 sent on a mission to Turkey for military purposes, 
 took the opportunity of travelling in and ex- 
 ploring Asia Minor. He was associated with William 
 Richard Hamilton in conveying the Elgin Marbles 
 to England. Leake had a special genius, as well as 
 an indefatigable zeal, for topographical research, 
 and in spite of the multifarious researches of later 
 scholars, his works relating to his explorations in 
 Greece and Asia Minor, and to classical topography 
 in general, still retain their position as standard 
 authorities. He had a small collection of marbles, 
 which he presented to the British Museum, and one 
 of bronzes, vases, gems, and coins, which were pur- 
 chased by the University of Cambridge and are 
 now in the Fitzwilliam Museum. He was elected 
 a member of the Society of Dilettanti in 1814. On 
 March 1, 1807, the Society elected Mr. William 
 G ell, proposed by Sir Henry Englefield and seconded 
 by Lord Northwick. Born in Derbyshire and 
 educated at Cambridge, Gell had in 18 01 visited 
 the Troad, of which, in 1804, he published an 
 account as the Topography of Troy. According to 
 Byron, who satirized him in the 4 English Bards ' as 
 
 ( Of Dardan tours let dilettanti tell, 
 I leave topography to classic Gell, 
 
 Gell < topographized and typographized King Priam's 
 dominions in three days.' In 1803 Gell was sent on 
 a diplomatic mission to the Ionian Islands, for his 
 conduct of which he was knighted \ and from 1804 
 to 1 8 06 was travelling in Greece and the neigh- 
 
 1 It would appear that Gell's knighthood was of foreign bestowal, 
 since for years afterwards he was commonly spoken of as ' Mr. Gell.' 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 149 
 
 bouring islands. It was on his return from this 
 journey that he was elected to the Dilettanti. 
 
 In the summer of 1 8 1 1 the Dilettanti found them- Meiu Ionian 
 selves possessed of sufficient funds in hand to enable committee. 
 them to continue their much-cherished schemes for 
 a further expedition for archaeological research, 
 directed especially towards the remains of classical 
 architecture in Greece and the Levant. In April 
 of that year a committee had been appointed to 
 report on the condition of the Society's two great 
 portrait-groups by Sir Joshua Reynolds (see below, 
 p. 227); and on June 2, 1811, it was moved by 
 the Secretary and seconded by Mr. Knight, 
 
 'That the Committee of Painting appointed on April 7, 18 11, 
 shall in conjunction with the Committee of Publication be a 
 Committee empowered to take measures for sending persons into 
 Greece or Asia Minor, should an opportunity offer, & that the 
 Committee shall be empowered to engage for payment to such 
 persons in any sum not exceeding .£1000 & that four members be 
 a quorum.' 
 
 The opportunity offered itself at once, Mr. Cell its report 
 being both willing and anxious to start on a third on Ge ^' s 
 expedition. A full and succinct account of the ^pedltion 
 arrangements for this new e Ionian Mission ' is to 
 be found in the minutes of the joint committee 
 appointed as above recorded (and thereafter known 
 as the Ionian Committee) under date January y, 1 8 1 2. 
 
 ' The Committee report that soon after their appointment they 
 made enquiry relative to some Gentlemen already in the Turkish 
 Dominions, and employed in Architectural Pursuits, whose co- 
 operation with the views of the Society it was hoped might have 
 been obtained j but their Enquiries in this line proved fruitless. 
 Early in the month of August William GELL Esq 6 , a member of this 
 Society whose learned Researches in different parts of Greece, 
 the fruits of two Voyages into those countries, are alieady well 
 known to the public, informed the Secretary that he was desirous 
 to make a third voyage into any part of Greece or Asia Minor 
 which might suit the views of the Society, should they honour him - 
 
ISO History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 with their confidence. Those of the Committee who could be 
 assembled were called together without loss of time, and those 
 who were too far distant were informed of Mr. Gell's proposal. 
 They were unanimous in their wish that a person so eminently 
 qualified for the Undertaking should be without delay enabled to 
 proceed upon this business- and the Committee having agreed 
 with Mr. Gell as to the pecuniary arrangements which will be 
 hereafter specified, proceeded to chuse Draftsmen to accompany 
 him. Mr. Wilkins whose professional Skill rendered him a most 
 perfect Judge of the qualifications of the numerous Artists, who 
 offered themselves, kindly gave his assistance to the other members 
 of the Committee, and Mr. Francis Bedford was selected as 
 Draftsman ; but Mr. John Gandy, brother to the eminent Drafts- 
 man & architect, & who himself is a Draftsman of great excellence, 
 having expressed a great wish to be of the Party, your Committee 
 thought that it would be for the evident advantage of the Mission 
 to employ him, and as two artists were sent on the former Voyage, 
 they had that precedent to guide them on the present occasion. 
 
 c The Committee confided the whole and uncontroul'd command of 
 the details of the Expedition to Mr. Gell, in whom they can place the 
 most entire confidence. The whole Expenditure is entrusted to him, 
 and he is to receive as a Salary over & above his expenses the veiy 
 moderate sum of fifty pounds per month. Each of the Artists is to 
 receive £200 per annum — all his expenses being paid. Mr. Gell is 
 empowered to draw from time to time on the Society for such monies 
 as he may want, and will keep an account of the whole Expenditure. 
 
 c It is expressly stipulated with the Artists that everything they 
 do, whether as to Journal notes or Drawings, of every kind, is to 
 be the sole property of the Society, and they are desired to keep 
 Journals of all that appears worthy of their notice. 
 
 'The Mission besides all instruments and materials requisite for 
 Drawing and Measuring, are likewise furnished with Instruments 
 proper for Geographical Observations, and it is hoped that much 
 valuable Information may be obtained in that line, though it is 
 not the primary object of their Researches : They will also not be 
 unmindful of the Natural History of the Countries they visit. 
 
 'Mr. Gell also suggested the propriety of carrying out with him an 
 assortment of such Articles as would be acceptable to the men in 
 authority in the countries they were about to visit. Bacchish under 
 different names has a great degree of influence in every country 
 yet known, but in the East it is indispensable, as it would be an 
 actual affront to appear before a Superior empty handed. Presents 
 therefore if not provided beforehand must have been purchased 
 in the Country at an advanced price, & inferior in quality- a 
 circumstance, which the Turks now well know how to appreciate. 
 
History of the Society of "Dilettanti iyi 
 
 'Telescopes, Pistol barrels and Locks, some articles of cut Glass, 
 and some Shawls of British Manufacture, compose the assortment, and 
 it may be observed, that the articles carried, are such as may be at 
 any time sold to advantage, should they not be wanted as presents. 
 
 c It is to be considered as a fortunate circumstance, that an 
 intimate friend of Mr. Gell's, the Hon. Keppell Craven, ac- 
 companies the mission at his own expense. In case of any 
 Accident, whether by illness or other misfortune, the addition of 
 a man zealous in the pursuit of knowledge and of the most amiable 
 manner must be at great advantage, and at all time his co-operation 
 may be depended on. 
 
 ' Fortunately for the expedition a Turkish Ship of War com- 
 manded by a Man of Science far superior to most of his countrymen, 
 had last year arrived in the Thames, and had been there completely 
 refitted at the expense of the English Government, in the best 
 style of a Sloop of War of 24 guns. Her commander Captain 
 Ismael Gibraltar was particularly well known to Mr. Gell, and 
 on hearing of his Intention, immediately offered a passage to 
 Rhodes to himself & his party in the handsomest Manner. It 
 would have ill suited the Dignity of the Society to have accepted 
 this offer without some Retribution • the Artists and Mr. Gell's 
 servant were to pay the Sum usually taken by the Packets to Malta, 
 & Mr. Gell makes him a present nearly of the same value. It 
 may be observed that by this mode of conveyance, the party is for 
 the same expense carried over 700 miles further ; and as Captain 
 Gibraltar is a native of Rhodes & is extremely well acquainted 
 with the contiguous parts of Asia Minor, he cannot only furnish 
 information, but valuable Recommendations to the Travellers. 
 
 4 His Majesty's Ministers, who were applied to for letters to the 
 British Ministers and Consuls, most readily forwarded the Views 
 of the Society, and Mr. Liston, just now appointed Ambassador to 
 the Porte, gives every assistance in his power. 
 
 c Our venerable Father Lord Dundas ever desirous to promote 
 the Interests of Science and Art in general, and actuated by 
 paternal Affection for this Society, stated the circumstance of our 
 Mission to His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, who with his 
 well known love for the fine arts, and his constant desire to 
 promote their progress in this Country, honoured the Undertaking 
 by every attention, which it was in his power to show. 
 
 c The written Instructions delivered to Mr. Gell were principally 
 drawn up by the Earl of Aberdeen, following as far as appeared 
 desirable those which had been formerly given to Dr. Chandler. 
 A copy of them is annexed. 
 
 c Under these favourable Auspices the party went on board the 
 Turkish frigate "The Africa" the 5th day of October 181 1, and 
 
i$z History of the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 reached Portsmouth on the 8th. An unusual continuance of 
 westerly winds and stormy weather detained them after two 
 fruitless attempts to sail, till the aoth of November, when in 
 company with near 400 sail they left the Mother Bank. 
 
 ' A letter received from Mr. Gell on the idth of January 
 announces the safe arrival of the party at Gibraltar on the first 
 of December — His letter bears date the 2nd of that month, and 
 states that as " the Africa " was to touch at Sicily on her way to 
 Malta, he proposed to obtain, if possible, measures of the Temple 
 of Jupiter Olympius at Agrigentum of which recent Excavations 
 have discovered many curious parts hitherto unknown ; and also 
 to measure, if time would permit, that Temple at Selinus, which is 
 not given by Mr. Wilkins. 
 
 c For the ultimate Success of an Expedition like this, no human 
 prudence or foresight can answer. Pestilence may render the 
 access to many places too dangerous to be attempted ; Insurrection, 
 so common in the countries subject to the Sway of the Porte may 
 completely shut up at once a great tract of country ; but it appears 
 that the present Ruler of Asia Minor, principally the object of our 
 Researches, Kara Osman Ogli, is a man of great talents and 
 singular probity — and possessing an authority far beyond what the 
 Pashas generally have. He has also been considered as very 
 friendly to the English nation, and as we may be assured that the 
 Spirit* and perseverance of Mr. Gell are such as no common 
 difficulties or dangers will terrify, or subdue, we may indulge the 
 fair hope that he may return to his brethren fraught with such 
 Information as may at once be a Honour to the Society, and an 
 Advantage to the Country.' 
 
 Instructions The instructions referred to by the committee in 
 to the their report were drawn up by the Earl of Aberdeen, 
 Expedition. and forwarded to Sir Henry Englefield, the Secretary 
 
 to the Society, on September iy, 18 11. They were 
 
 as follows : — 
 
 c Instructions for Mr. Gell, Mr. Gandy and Mr. Bedford. 
 
 c Whereas the Society of Dilettanti have resolved that a person 
 or persons properly qualified be sent with sufficient appointments 
 to some parts of the East, in order to collect information, and to 
 make observations relative to the ancient state of these countries, 
 and to such Monuments of antiquity as are still remaining, we the 
 Committee, intrusted by the Society with the care and management 
 of this scheme, have agreed upon the following instructions for 
 your direction in the discharge of that duty to which you are 
 appointed : — 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 15-3 
 
 ( i. You are forthwith to embark on board such ship as may be 
 found most eligible for your purpose, and to proceed to Smyrna. 
 Our principal object at present is, that fixing upon Smyrna as your 
 head-quarters, you do from thence make excursions to the several 
 Remains of antiquity in that neighbourhood, at such different times 
 and in such manner as you shall, from the information collected 
 on the spot, judge most safe and convenient; and that you do 
 procure the exactest plans and measures possible of the Buildings 
 you shall find, making accurate drawings of the basreliefs and 
 ornaments, and taking such views as you shall judge proper, 
 copying all the inscriptions you shall meet with, and remarking 
 such circumstances as they contribute towards giving the best idea 
 of the ancient and present state of those places. 
 
 ' a. As circumstances, best learnt upon the spot, must decide the 
 order in which you shall proceed in the execution of the foregoing 
 article, we shall not confine you in that respect, but shall only 
 enumerate, for your information, the principal objects of your 
 research in the order in which they are most interesting to the 
 Society: — Samos,Sardes, Apbrodisias, Hierapolis,Tralles, Laodicea, 
 Telmessus, Patara, Cnidus. 
 
 4 3. We cannot too strongly urge you to exercise the utmost 
 accuracy of detail in your architectural measurements j recollecting 
 always that it is the chief object of the Society to promote the 
 progress of architecture by affording practical assistance to the 
 architects of this country, as well as to gratify a general curiosity 
 respecting the interesting monuments of antiquity still remaining 
 in those parts. 
 
 '4. You are hereby requested to correspond with the Secretary 
 of the Society, stating at length from time to time, your own 
 proceedings; and although the principal view of the Society is 
 directed towards the ancient state of those countries, it is not 
 intended to confine you to that province ; on the contrary, it is 
 expected that you transmit together with such drawings as you 
 shall have made (all of which shall be considered as the property 
 of the Society), a full narrative of occurrences, with all the in- 
 formation you may be able to obtain, accompanied by such 
 observations as you may consider to be worthy the perusal of the 
 Society. 
 
 ' 5. Having entire confidence in the knowledge and zeal of 
 Mr. Gell, we hereby declare that the direction of the whole of the 
 expedition is intrusted to his care, and state implicitly, that it is 
 our intention he should be vested with the sole management of 
 the undertaking as well in the necessary expenses to be incurred 
 as in the manner and time of carrying into effect the general 
 objects of the Society. 
 
15*4 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Researches 
 at Eleusis. 
 
 Work at 
 Samos, 
 Miletus, 
 Magnesia, 
 
 c 6. In addition to the expense of the undertaking (the accounts 
 of which Mr. Gell will from time to time transmit to the Secretary) 
 the Society engages to pay to Mr. Gell the sum of per month, 
 which in case of his decease, shall be paid up to the time of his 
 death to such person or persons as he may appoint to receive it. 
 The Society further engages to pay both to Mr. Gandy and to 
 Mr. Bedford the sum of £zoo per annum, on condition that they 
 shall accompany Mr. Gell and follow his directions and instructions 
 relative to the objects of the mission. 
 
 (Signed) Aberdeen. Hardwicke. 
 
 Benj. West. Thos. Lawrence. 
 
 H. C. Englefield, Secretary.' 
 
 These conditions were accepted by Mr. Gell as 
 follows : — 
 
 C I, William Gell, accept the conditions specified in the six 
 preceding articles, and engage to fulfil to the utmost of my powers 
 the instructions contained therein, and generally to act in such 
 a manner as in my judgment shall most conduce to accomplish the 
 purposes of the Society. (Signed) William Gell.' 
 
 From an abstract of this voyage it appears that 
 the party arrived early in 1 8 1 2 at Zante, from whence 
 they repaired to Athens, and being there delayed by 
 the difficulty of procuring a safe passage to Smyrna, 
 they employed themselves in excavations at Eleusis, 
 where the temples, although of a high importance, 
 had never yet been examined by reason of the 
 depth of soil under which their ruins were buried. 
 The result of their labours was the discovery of 
 the great mystic temple of Demeter, consisting 
 of a cella about 180 feet square, with a portico 
 of twelve magnificent Doric columns of white 
 marble more than six feet in diameter. 
 
 From Athens the mission proceeded to Asia. The 
 plague, the most dangerous enemy to explorers, pre- 
 vented them from exploring the temple at Sardis. 
 June, 1 8 1 2, was spent in examining the temple of 
 Juno at Samos and other remains of classical buildings 
 in that island. From thence they proceeded to the 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 157 
 
 temple of Apollo Didymaeus, near Miletus, and added 
 some valuable information to that already published 
 in the Ionian Jntiquhies. They then proceeded by 
 Halicarnassus to Cnidus, where they explored ana 
 measured the principal buildings of classical date. 
 From Cnidus they visited Telmessus, and thence to 
 Patara. In Lycia they visited the cities of Myra 
 and Antiphellus. The plague proved an insur- 
 mountable obstacle to their visiting Laodicea and 
 Hierapolis, but they made a successful exploration 
 of Aphrodisias, which produced valuable results. 
 They measured the temple of Diana Leucophryne 
 at Magnesia, which had been discovered by Mr. 
 W. R. Hamilton in 1803, and they also visited Priene. 
 They thoroughly surveyed the regions at the mouth 
 of the Maeander. 
 
 From Asia Minor the expedition returned to Work at 
 Athens about the end of 1 8 1 2, and during a second Mamnus, 
 delay there excavated and measured the temple of ^sunium. 
 Nemesis at Rhamnus, and examined Thoricus and 
 the promontory of Sunium. During all these 
 researches Gell carried out his instructions to the 
 entire satisfaction of the Society, sending home 
 regular letters and batches of drawings. 
 
 1 The plans and elevations,' as the subsequent report says, c of 
 all the Edifices were correctly ascertained and detailed in the most 
 elegant Drawings by the Artists of the Mission, it being the 
 Intention of the Society of Dilettanti to Engrave and offer them 
 to the Public for the Improvement of National Taste. 5 
 
 On May 17, 18 12, it was resolved The Aegna 
 
 c That the Earl of Hardwicke be requested to lay the letter and Marbles. 
 Drawings sent by Mr. Gell relative to the Aeginetan Marbles 
 before the Trustees of the British Museum & to inform them 
 of the wish of the Society to encourage by any means in their 
 power the acquisition of the same for the Publick V 
 
 1 The letter here referred to, together with tracings of the draw- 
 ings (which are by Foster), is preserved in the British Museum. 
 
i$6 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 The temple of Aegina had been just excavated in 
 1 8 1 1 by an expedition including Barons Stackelberg, 
 Haller, Kestner, Mr. Linckh., and the zealous young 
 English architect and explorer, Charles R. Cockerell. 
 Negotiations were at once commenced through 
 Mr. W. R. Hamilton to secure the admirable archaic 
 sculptures of the pediments for England ; but the 
 German authorities succeeded in outwitting the 
 British Government, and the marbles were purchased 
 at Zante by the Crown Prince of Bavaria, who 
 deposited them at Munich. 
 Risks from On September 17, 1 8 1 2, at a meeting of the Ionian 
 pirates and Committee a letter was read from Mr. Gell dated 
 friva eers. 5 mvrna) M av 1 ^ setting forth the risk the mission ran 
 from privateers and pirates in the seas near Asia 
 Minor, and praying for an application to Government 
 for assistance. The Earl of Hardwicke accordingly 
 drew up a letter to the Secretary of the Admiralty, 
 which being signed by the members present was by 
 the Earl of Hardwicke transmitted to the Admiralty, 
 together with a note from his lordship to the First 
 Lord, and a note from the Secretary to Mr. Barrow, 
 Secretary of the Admiralty, enclosing Mr. GelPs 
 letter. In May, 1 8 1 2, a further credit of £i y yoo was 
 required for the mission, in connexion with which 
 an interesting incident is worth recording. 
 
 'Jan. 3, 18 1 3. Upon a letter being read from Sir Henry 
 Charles Englefield to Lord Dundas as well as another from the 
 same to the President of the day Mr. Dickenson expressing that 
 he had received from Mr. Gell some time since a draft for between 
 nine hundred and a thousand pounds and being at that time in the 
 country and not being certain of the amount of the balance of 
 the money belonging to the Society in the Bankers hands he had 
 paid this draft from his own pocket. The whole Society appeared 
 extremely sensible of the handsome proceeding on his part and 
 Lord Morpeth immediately got up and moved that the thanks 
 of the Society be given to Sir Henry Charles Englefield our 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 15-7 
 
 Secretary for his liberal conduct, which motion being seconded by 
 Mr. William Spencer was carried unanimously and with applause. 
 
 ' A vote of the further credit of ^"1,5-00 was moved and carried. 
 It was also ordered that the first payment from that sum should be 
 employed in repaying Sir H. C. Englefield the sum he had so 
 liberally and kindly advanced.' 
 
 The first instalment of drawings and measurements 
 sent home by Mr. Gell, comprising the antiquities 
 of Eleusis, was put in hand for engraving at once. 
 
 The travellers returned in the summer of 1 8 1 3 ; and Return of 
 the Dilettanti at their next meeting, on February 6, mission. 
 1 8 14, unanimously voted their thanks to Mr. Gell 
 for his great services to the Society and to learning 
 in general during his late voyage. It was further 
 moved by Mr. Knight, seconded by Mr. Wilbraham, 
 
 c That the Secretary do direct Mr. Lawrence painter to the 
 Society forthwith to paint the picture of Mr. Gell at the expence 
 of the Society and that the picture when finished be hung up 
 in the Room of the Society.' 
 
 The thanks of the Society were also voted to 
 Messrs. Gandy and Bedford, draughtsmen to the 
 Society, for their constant attention to the objects of 
 the mission and their very meritorious exertions 
 of skill and talent in making measures and drawings 
 of the several remains of antiquity met with in the 
 course of their voyage. It was ordered, on the 
 motion of Mr. Gell, 
 
 ' That the Secretary do enquire what mark of the sense the 
 Society entertain of their Merits as an honorary memorial of their 
 sentiment would be most agreeable to Messrs. Gandy and Bedford 
 & that the Ionian Committee do prepare such present to be 
 presented to them.' 
 
 At a committee of the Ionian Committee on 
 March 14, 18 14, it was ordered 
 
 £ That 50 Pounds be given to the two Draftsmen of the Society 
 Mr. Gandy and Bedford viz. £-2.^ to each of them & that they 
 shall lay out the same in the purchase each of them of a piece of Plate 
 
15*8 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 John Peter 
 Gandy. 
 
 Resolutions 
 as to 
 
 publication. 
 
 Congratula- 
 tions to 
 members of 
 mission. 
 
 according to their own wishes, on which shall be engraven an 
 Inscription to be furnished to them by the Committee expressive of 
 the satisfaction the Society feels at their successful and laborious 
 exertions during their late voyage.' 
 
 John Peter Gandy, one of the draughtsmen in 
 question, was a younger brother of Joseph Michael 
 Gandy, a well-known architect. On his return from 
 Greece he was patronized by Lord Elgin, and 
 afterwards associated in further works by Gell and 
 Wilkins. He inherited from a friend, a Mr. Deering, 
 an estate in Buckinghamshire, and assumed his name. 
 He became M.P. for Aylesbury, and was elected 
 a member of the Society of Dilettanti in May, 1830. 
 
 The expenses of this mission to Ionia had proved 
 rather heavy, and as it was not the only matter which 
 the Society had in hand, the funds available for the 
 purpose of publication proved insufficient. It became 
 necessary therefore to appeal to the liberality of the 
 members to further this important sequel to the 
 mission. It was resolved by the joint Committee 
 
 c 1. That it will be impossible to proceed with any despatch in 
 the publication of the Drawings Measures & Inscriptions, collected 
 by the Gentlemen employ 'd by the Society in the late expedition to 
 Greece & Asia Minor, without some aid from the members of the 
 Society. 
 
 e i. That it will be proper to print for the use of The Members 
 (and the information of the public) A short report of the proceedings 
 of the Mission. 
 
 '3. That this report do consist — r. of the Abstract of their 
 Journies published by them in the Zante Newspaper & x 1 ? of 
 a List of the Drawings plans and maps made by the Mission, 3 rd 
 of the Report drawn up by Mr. Wilkins on the value & importance 
 of these Drawings, 4? of a general Estimate of the expenses 
 necessary for the publication in a manner worthy of them, & suitable 
 to the honour of The Society; 5? Of the Report read by the 
 Secretary at the last meeting of the Society on that subject.' 
 
 It was further resolved by the said committee (or 
 Ionian Committee) at a meeting in 18 14, at which 
 Mr. William Gell was present, 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 15-9 
 
 ' That the Committee do most sincerely congratulate the Society 
 of Dilettanti on the Result of the Ionian Mission, which owing to 
 the Talents of the Artists employed, and the Judicious measures 
 of the Leader, who so ably directed their Researches, has been 
 successful beyond their most sanguine Expectations. 
 
 ' That every Individual Member of the Ionian Mission is entitled 
 to the warmest Approbation of the Society, for the Enthusiasm 
 displayed, and the diligence exerted by each in his separate capacity ; 
 by which more numerous and important Documents, relating to 
 Grecian Architecture, have come into the possession of the Society, 
 than have been produced by the united efforts of all Europe for 
 the last forty years. 
 
 ' That the elaborate and accurate Drawings from the Buildings 
 of Attica alone, hitherto unknown, and brought to light thro' the 
 exertions of the Ionian Mission, are abundantly sufficient to form 
 a volume ; which in point of Interest, would be surpassed by no 
 Architecture publication extant and equalled only by the second 
 volume of the " Antiquities of Athens," which derives no incon- 
 siderable portion of its interest from the contributions of the 
 Society of Dilettanti. 
 
 6 But the Excavations of the Eleusinian territory, made by the 
 Agents of the Society at a very considerable Expence, and upon 
 a scale of unrivalled extent, have afforded facilities of investigation 
 to the Travellers of every European Nation; amongst whom 
 some one might be found, who jealous of the honor resulting 
 to the English Nation from the Spirit & Enterprize of the Society 
 of Dilettanti, might endeavour to anticipate the appearance of the 
 publication, already in progress, if it be not pursued with prompti- 
 tude and vigour, that the apprehension of Anticipation is founded 
 on the fact of the actual publication of the work of Le Roy, which 
 was undertaken with the view of claiming for his nation the merit 
 of having been the foremost in making known to the world the 
 beauties of the Grecian Architecture, before the pre -conceived & 
 published Intentions of Revett and Stuart could be carried into effect. 
 
 * That the Cause of Grecian Architecture, no less than the 
 Vindication of the Claim of the Society of Dilettanti to the honor 
 of the important Discoveries lately made, demand that no delay 
 should occur in publishing the beautiful Drawings, already laid 
 
 work 
 
 before them, in a manner equally splendid with the former publi- 
 cations of the Society.' 
 
 The work was accordingly put in hand early in Details 
 1 8 14. On February 2 the Ionian Committee passed s < :heme - 
 a series of resolutions approving of the plates of the 
 
160 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Temple of Eleusis engraved under the superintendence 
 of Mr. Wilkins, and ordering other drawings of 
 Eleusis to be put in hand under the superintendence 
 of Mr. Wilkins and Sir H. C. Englefield, and that this 
 section of the work, viz. that on Eleusis, 1 as soon as 
 completed shall be offered to the Publick under the 
 title of Antiquities of Eleusis.' Mr. Wilkins under- 
 took to give a written explanation of the archi- 
 tectural plates, Mr. Knight to draw up an account 
 of the mysteries at Eleusis, and Mr. Gell to give an 
 account of the mission and their transactions at 
 Eleusis. On June 3 Mr. Knight undertook to draw 
 up an abstract of the voyage and mission to be pre- 
 fixed to the publication of the Antiquities of Attica^ 
 Lord Aberdeen to examine and correct the account 
 of the Sacred Way by Mr. Gell, and Mr. Wilkins 
 to superintend the description of the plates, and to 
 obtain from the artists full accounts of the circum- 
 stances attending the excavations made at Eleusis and 
 elsewhere in Attica. Of these projected essays only 
 one by Mr. Wilkms on the Sacred Way was com- 
 pleted, and that in a greatly condensed form. 
 sir Henr Acting further under the influence of the financial 
 Englefeld's apprehensions expressed in the resolution already 
 Appeal. quoted, the committee instructed the Secretary, 
 Sir Henry Englefield, to draw up the follow- 
 ing appeal to the Society, the terms of which 
 are interesting as giving a resume of the position 
 which the Society claimed to hold with regard to the 
 promotion of the study of classical architecture : — 
 
 'Resolved, That the valuable and extensive Collection of 
 Measures and Drawings of Ancient Buildings in Greece and 
 Asia Minor, brought to this country by Mr. Gell in his late 
 voyage, undertaken by him under the auspices of the Society 
 of Dilettanti, cannot be given to the public without a very 
 considerable further expense, of which, though the sale of the works, 
 
History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 161 
 
 if published, may be expected to repay a part, yet an entire 
 reimbursement can scarcely be hoped for ; and, at all events, such 
 money must be laid out before any return can be made. It is, 
 however, by thus incurring risk of ultimate loss in giving to the 
 world valuable information, that the Society render themselves 
 most useful to the cause of literature. Individuals cannot in 
 general incur the expense necessary for the publication of great 
 works on the arts ; and persons engaged in publication in the way 
 of trade are not to be expected to publish, without pretty nearly 
 a certainty of profit. It has been highly to the honour of this 
 Society, that without any support from the public, or any funds but 
 what have arisen from the liberality of its Members, the only two 
 literary expeditions which, during a period of eighteen years, have 
 been sent from England for the purpose of investigating the 
 remains of Grecian taste and splendour, have sailed at their 
 expense. 
 
 4 Whilst, however, we justly claim to ourselves great merit from 
 this, we ought not totally to forget, that, although this employment 
 of our funds is highly creditable to ourselves, we are in fact merely 
 disposing of what we have had very little share in collecting, and 
 that the spirited liberality of our predecessors, and the fortunate 
 purchase and re-sale of a piece of ground in Cavendish Square, 
 have put it in our power to do what perhaps has not ever been 
 done by any private society of individuals in Europe. 
 
 ( As the Society now stands, we can scarcely be said to have given 
 anything towards the Promotion of these noble ends. Our annual 
 subscriptions just defray our annual expenses. No one has paid 
 more than £10 ios. as his contribution on admission, the great 
 majority only £5 p : and the guinea which most of us pay as face 
 money is all that can properly be said to be our annual contribution 
 to the promotion of the aits • except the occasional contributions 
 on marriage or increase of income, which form a very inconsider- 
 able branch of our revenue. Is not this the moment to do something 
 more ? The African Association, the Palestine Association, have 
 had the Merit of contributing essentially to the great cause of 
 literature by the annual contributions of their Members, and it 
 would be a sort of insult to this most respectable and illusti ious 
 Society to doubt of their readiness to complete the work, of which 
 the most difficult part is already so happily done, and diffuse the 
 information now in our own private possession. It must also be 
 remembered, that, as life is frail, if we neglect to employ and 
 arrange what has thus been collected, the common lot of mortality 
 may deprive us of those distinguished talents, so absolutely necessaiy 
 to their being reduced to a complete readiness for publication ; and 
 that, if that publication be as slow as without further aid from 
 
 M 
 
i6x History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 ourselves it must necessarily be, few of us can hope to have the 
 honour and credit, which will certainly result to us from their being 
 spread over Europe. 
 
 'The Committee does therefore unanimously recommend to 
 the Society that they do annually subscribe ten guineas each for the 
 next five years, for the purpose of promoting the publication of 
 the drawings collected by the Ionian Mission, over and above the 
 other payments made to the Society ; and further, that any Member 
 choosing to pay the whole fifty guineas in one payment, shall 
 receive from the Society his copy of the works published within the 
 five years, with the plates taken off on Indian paper; and that 
 should any Member having so subscribed his fifty guineas die before 
 the expiration of the five years, his heir, or any person appointed 
 by him, shall receive the work in the same manner as he would 
 himself have received it, if he were still living. 
 
 'The Committee also beg leave to inform the Society, that the 
 First Part of the Antiquities of Eleusis, containing general views 
 and plans, and the details of the Temple of Diana Propylaea, are 
 so far advanced, that it will be ready for delivery to the Members 
 early in the next winter ; and that the Second Part, which will give the 
 details of the Doric and Ionic Propylaea, is in hand, and consider- 
 ably advanced ; and they beg leave to observe, that it is important 
 that the engravers engaged by them should be, as far as is possible, 
 kept constantly employed, or otherwise they may be induced to 
 seek other engagements, which may materially delay the publications 
 of the Society.' 
 
 its results. This earnest appeal to the memory of former 
 achievements, with its reflections on mortality and 
 the effects of procrastination, seems to have produced 
 a deep effect on the members of the Society. On 
 May i, 1 8 14, it is recorded 
 
 ' That the Report of the Ionian Committee drawn up & printed 
 & distributed to the Members in consequence of the Orders of the 
 Meeting on March 6 was read & taken into consideration. It 
 was unanimously agreed by the z6 members present that the 
 proposed subscription of ten guineas each for five years certain 
 for the purpose of forwarding the publications of the Society be 
 adopted. Eleven votes by letter or Proxy were also given in favour 
 of this measure making on the whole 37 affirmatives, and only one 
 negative letter has been received. The thanks of the Society 
 were voted to the Duke of Somerset for his Grace's proposed 
 donation of fifty pounds made previous to the proposal of the 
 subscription now voted, to which he has added his assent to the 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 163 
 
 proposed Annual Subscription and the Secretary was ordered to 
 communicate the same to his Grace/ 
 
 Later it was ordered that the payment of ten 
 guineas annually should begin with the year 1814, 
 any member being entitled to pay the fifty guineas 
 down at once if he chose. This order was to apply 
 to all members elected within the five years, who 
 would thereby be entitled to the publications ; and 
 the proposals of the committee with regard to 
 members who might die during this period of their 
 subscription were adopted. The portion of the 
 work in hand was then continued. During its 
 progress the idea of a separate publication of the 
 discoveries at Eleusis was abandoned, and it was 
 resolved to incorporate the whole in one volume, 
 which should include also the other Attic sites 
 of Rhamnus, Sunium, and Thoricus. 
 
 On March 8, 18 id, Mr. Wilkins, into whose <rke 
 hands as editor had in the end been placed all Unedited 
 the drawings, journals, measurements, &c, prepared A " Uc i mU l 
 during the expedition, reported to the committee ' 
 that the plates were ready, but that the booksellers 
 would not engage for the publication. It was 
 therefore decided that the committee should print 
 the work themselves, in a volume of the same size 
 as the Ionian Antiquities, employing Mr. Bulmer 
 as printer of the text and Mr. Cox of the plates, 
 300 copies to be printed, 100 being on India 
 paper for the use of the Society, and 200 on white 
 paper for the public. The copies on India paper 
 were, however, never executed. And the volume 
 did not reach its final form until 1817, when it 
 was issued to members and to the public as The 
 Unedited Antiquities of Attica ; comprising the Archi- 
 tectural Remains of Eleusis, Rhamnus, Sunium, 
 
 M I 
 
164^ History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 and Thoricus. By the Society of Dilettanti. 
 London : Printed by W. Bulmer and Co. Cleve- 
 land-Row, St. James's. Published by Longman, 
 Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, Paternoster- R ow ; 
 and John Murray, Albemarle-Street. mdcccxvii.' 
 The book was reported to the Society as ready for 
 delivery to the members on April 13, 1817. Copies 
 were presented to H.R.H. the Prince Regent, the 
 Duke of Somerset, the heirs of the late Mr. Horner, 
 the Honourable Mr. Trevor (late a member), and 
 Mr. Drummond (late a member). The copy pre- 
 sented to Mr. Horner's family bore the inscription, 
 
 ' Franciscum Horner, integrum, humanum, clarum 
 Quern fatis asperis abreptum 
 Senatus populusque Britannus 
 Maestitia et honore unanimi decoraverunt, 
 
 Et Chorus fyiXoixovcroiv amissum deflens 
 Pietate fratris superstitis Leonardi Horner 
 Hoc desiderio mnemosynon committit. 
 
 H. C. Englefield.' 
 
 New edition As a collateral result of G ell's expedition, it should 
 of 'Ionian ^ D e sta ted that with the help of the new material 
 Antiquities, bought. nome by him and his colleagues, the first 
 volume of the Ionian Antiquities, originally published 
 in 1769, was by-and-by entirely revised and re-edited, 
 the new edition being issued to the members of 
 the Society in 1 8 2 1 . The remainder of the results 
 relating to Ionia were put in hand for a third part 
 of the same publication, which did not, however, 
 see the light until 1840. 
 Further During the years thus occupied by the labours of 
 
 activities: tne £j ew Ionian Committee, the expedition of Sir 
 volume of the William Gell, and the publication of the Unedited 
 'Specimens' Antiquities of Attica, the Society had been further 
 busied in a desultory way, under the direction of 
 Payne Knight, with the preparation of a second 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti i6j 
 
 volume of Select Specimens of Antient Sculpture. Some 
 of the plates, as has been mentioned, had even been 
 executed before the issue of the first volume. Part of 
 the proceeds of the augmented or Ionian subscription 
 was diverted to the purpose of this publication. But 
 the work made very slow progress, and was not 
 completed by 1 8 24, when the death of Payne Knight 
 interposed new delays. He had not only been its 
 principal editor and promoter, but many of the plates 
 and drawings remained in his possession, and it 
 was many months therefore before the Society could 
 recover them from among his effects. Before the 
 volume was ready, not only Townley's collection, 
 but Knight's also, passed into the British Museum. 
 Stimulated by the success of the Dilettanti publica- 
 tions, the authorities of that institution had com- 
 menced a rival publication of their own, the well- 
 known British Museum Marbles, described by Taylor 
 Combe, Cockerell, and E. Hawkins, and engraved 
 by Corbould and others. This was a formidable 
 rival to the publication of the Dilettanti, and its 
 appearance may perhaps have helped to account for 
 the want of success which attended the candidature of 
 Tavlor Combe, the Keeper of the Antiquities in the 
 British Museum, for membership of the Society. 
 
 At last the projected number of plates, fifty-six, for Difficulties 
 the new volume of Specimens was completed, the text and ^lays. 
 provided, and the ornamental engravings chosen. 
 Then the Society wished to prefix to the volume an 
 essay on Classical Art. For this purpose Payne Knight 
 had prepared 'An Inquiry into the Symbolical 
 Language of Ancient Arts and Mythology': tired, 
 however, of waiting, he had published the essay in 
 a different form ; and had then quitted the scene 
 himself The Society next invited an essay from 
 
1 66 History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 
 
 among its own members. Two responded to the 
 invitation, namely, Mr. Morritt and Mr. James 
 Christie, the latter an antiquary of cultivated, taste, 
 and second of the name in the great house of 
 auctioneers in St. James's. Both these gentlemen 
 prepared essays, and the Committee of Publication 
 had great difficulty in deciding which of the two 
 to accept. In the end they preferred that of Mr. 
 Morritt, as 'the least liable to any objection that 
 might arise from the individual sentiments of the 
 several members of the Society, and from the con- 
 sideration that in a Society large and constituted as 
 this is, it is desirable rather to promulgate and 
 illustrate general notions than to attach their name 
 to any particular hypothesis ' ; a somewhat ambiguous 
 way of expressing that they thought Mr. Morritt's 
 essay better than Mr. Christie's. Mr. Christie's 
 essay was privately printed after his death by his 
 son. Finally in March, 1833, the Committee of 
 Publication decided after all to add Payne Knight's 
 essay, in spite of its having already appeared in two 
 different forms. The difficulties in producing the 
 volume were not, however, at an end, for the publish- 
 ing trade were unwilling to enter into any arrange- 
 ment such as that made with Messrs. Payne and 
 White concerning the first volume of Select Specimens. 
 Then the copperplate printer, Mr. Barnett, became 
 bankrupt, and the Dilettanti had great difficulty in 
 recovering their property from the lawyers' hands. 
 They had therefore to print and publish the 
 volume at their own expense, and did not succeed 
 in bringing it out until 1835-. 
 Mode of The annual subscription known as the Ionian 
 meeting subscription having lapsed at the close of the pre- 
 scribed period in 18 19, it became necessary to review 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 167 
 
 the funds of the Society available for the completion 
 of the second volume of the Specimens, the second 
 edition of the Ionian Antiquities, and a proposed 
 third volume of the latter which was recommended 
 by the Committee of Publication, and which, says 
 the report, 
 
 'Will embrace a Variety of new and highly interesting matter; 
 consisting of the Antiquities of Cnidus, Patara, Myra, and the 
 Coast of Caramania ; amongst which are the excavated and 
 insulated Tombs at Myra and Telmessus, hitherto unnoticed, as we 
 believe, by any traveller.' 
 
 At a meeting of the Society on April 27, 18 19, the 
 following resolutions were adopted : — 
 
 4 z. That the Annual Subscription for Dinners be increased 
 from Four Guineas to Five. 
 
 4 z. That an Annual Subscription of Five Guineas be collected 
 from each Member to be exclusively applied to the purposes of 
 publishing the Collection of Drawings in possession of the Society, 
 or other works connected with Literature and the Arts. 
 
 '5. That in future every new member do pay a contribution 
 of Sixty Guineas on his admission. 
 
 '4. That every future Member do receive a copy of the Anti- 
 quities of Attica, and the two volumes of Ionian Antiquities, 
 so long as any copies of either or both of the said publications 
 remain at the disposal of the Society. 
 
 * f. That every Member of the present Society who has been 
 admitted since the publication of the Second Volume of the Ionian 
 Antiquities, or since that of the Antiquities of Attica, be presented 
 with a copy of either or both works, on payment of all arrears due 
 to the Society, provided he has not already received them.' 
 
 At this same meeting it was proposed by Lord 
 Dundas, and seconded by Mr. Symmons, that the 
 Society of Dilettanti shall not exceed the number 
 of seventy members, which was ordered at the next 
 meeting of the Society on May 30, 18 19. In 
 May, 1 8 24, the Committee of Publication reported 
 that there was ample means at the disposal of the 
 Society for completing the works in progress. The 
 
1 68 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Society therefore resolved to abolish the special 
 Ionian subscription, and to revert to the ordinary- 
 annual subscription, limiting the fee on the admission 
 of new members to ten guineas. It was also resolved 
 to accept an offer from Messrs. Priestley and Weale 
 to purchase the remaining copies of the 'Unedited 
 Antiquities of Attica for seven pounds a volume. 
 As stated before, however, the second volume of 
 the Specimens did not see the light until 1835-, while 
 the publication of the third volume of the Ionian 
 Antiquities was delayed until 1840; partly owing to 
 the illness and eventually the death of Mr. Wilkins, 
 one of the principal editors of the text, and to the 
 absence from England of Colonel Leake, who also 
 had a large share in superintending the work. To 
 meet the expenses of this volume the admission fee 
 was again increased from ten guineas to twenty. 
 Deaths of Reverting to the general history of the Society : 
 Englefield \ n March, 1 8 22, the members suffered a great 
 Knight!™ l° ss by the death of their genial, learned, and in- 
 defatigable Secretary, Sir Henry Englefield, whose 
 zeal for the Society's affairs had been unremitting. 
 His intimate friend, William Sotheby, a cultivated 
 scholar and poet of society, and one of the most 
 enthusiastic of the Dilettanti, read a panegyric 
 on Englefield at the first meeting held after his 
 death, which was subsequently printed and dedicated 
 to the Society. In this Sotheby says — 
 
 c The functions exercised by him were virtually those of a 
 perpetual President ; not restricted solely to methodise the plans, 
 and regulate the proceedings of others, but eminently calculated to 
 enlighten and lead, and (as we have frequently experienced), to 
 originate measures which have made the elegant pursuits of 
 a private society important to the State, by promoting the cultiva- 
 tion of Arts, eventually connected with the Improvement of 
 Manufactures, and tending to the refinement and elevation of 
 
SIR HENRY F.NGLEEIELD. E ART 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 169 
 
 morals by multiplying the sources of intellectual pleasure, by 
 supplying adequate objects for the excitement of talent and 
 rational gratification for the superfluity of wealth.' 
 
 This passage, though merely an extract from a 
 personal panegyric, seems to give the Society of 
 Dilettanti some claim to have anticipated, and 
 even initiated, that impetus of public taste and 
 opinion which led on to the Great International 
 Exhibition of i8yi, and to all its consequences in 
 connexion with the application of the fine arts to 
 the industry of the kingdom. Englefield's death 
 was followed by that of Payne Knight in 1824. 
 Each of these two had been for more than forty 
 years a member of the Society, and during successive 
 periods each had been conspicuous, as our narrative 
 will have shown, as its most prominent and most 
 characteristic figure. 
 
 Englefield was succeeded as Secretary by Sir sir T. 
 Thomas Lawrence, the famous portrait-painter and Lawrence 
 President of the Royal Academy, who spared what asSecretar y- 
 he could of his time from his profession and his 
 manifold engagements to administer the affairs of 
 the Society. During the latter part of his secretary- 
 ship, a large part of the administration of the 
 Society's affairs was carried out by Mr. Wilkins, 
 R.A., who was afterwards presented by the Society 
 with a silver inkstand bearing an inscription recording 
 their gratitude for his various services. 
 
 In 1825- an unexpected tribute to the work of the A German 
 Society of Dilettanti was paid by Dr. F. C. H. Kruse, ^ h .°^ s 
 Professor of History and Geography at the Uni- r ' " e ' 
 versities of Halle and Wittenberg in Germany, 
 who in a work entitled Hellas^ or Geographical and 
 j4ntiquarian Researches into the State of student 
 Greece and her Colonies^ with special Reference to 
 
170 History of the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 ^Modern Discoveries^ divided his history into five 
 periods — the first period being from the earliest days 
 to the conquest of the Romans ; the second, that of 
 the Dominion of the Romans ; the third, that of the 
 Byzantine Empire and the conquest of the Turks ; 
 the fourth, from the fall of Constantinople to the 
 foundation of the Society of Dilettanti ; and the 
 fifth, from that event to the date of publication. 
 With the foundation of the Society of Dilettanti, 
 says the learned historian, ' begins a new period of 
 the discovery of Greece, in which the greatest 
 geographical and topographical accuracy was com- 
 bined with the most accurate measurements of the 
 antient buildings,' and he proceeds to eulogize 
 many of the members of the Society by name \ 
 DJstm. Among members of special literary, social, or 
 
 Te'lts P 0 ^* 0 ^ distinction elected during the secretaryships 
 of Englefield and Lawrence, whose names have 
 not hitherto been mentioned, or only mentioned in 
 passing, may be cited the brilliant scholar, poet, and 
 diplomatist, John Hookham Frere, 6 KaXoKayaOos 6 
 (f)i\oKa\os, as Coleridge styled him ; John Nicholas 
 Fazakerly, a well-known amateur j Henry Gaily 
 Knight, who published poems now justly forgotten, 
 as well as works, which still have their value, on the 
 architecture and history of the Normans ; George 
 Watson-Taylor, whose collection of pictures was 
 afterwards famous ; Henry Hallam, the historian ; 
 William John Bankes, of Kingston Lacy; Francis 
 Horner, the well-known politician and economist ; 
 Sir Robert Peel, afterwards Prime Minister ; Richard 
 Heber, the celebrated book-collector j Sir Richard 
 
 1 A correspondence between Kruse and Gell referring to these 
 matters is preserved in the Department of Greek and Roman 
 Antiquities at the British Museum. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 171 
 
 Westmacott, the sculptor ; George Villiers, afterwards 
 famous as Earl of Clarendon and Foreign Secretary ; 
 Frederick Robinson, better known as Lord Goderich 
 and eventually Earl of Ripon j and the Dukes of 
 Norfolk, Sutherland, and Bedford. It may be noted 
 that at one time during the period under consideration 
 there belonged to the Society members representing 
 three generations of one family — Lord Dundas, for 
 many years the venerable father of the Society ; his 
 son, Sir Lawrence Dundas ; and his grandson, 
 Mr. Thomas Dundas, afterwards Earl of Zetland. 
 The limitation of the Society to seventy members was 
 now adhered to, and a few well-known personages 
 failed to gain admission. The repeated rejection of 
 Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A., was due probably to the 
 desire of the Society to avoid an excess of the pro- 
 fejsional element at their board, their list already 
 numbering three members from the Royal Academy, 
 Wilkins, Westmacott, and Shee. A similar reason, 
 as has been said, apparently helped to cause the 
 exclusion of Taylor Combe, the Keeper of the 
 Antiquities at the British Museum ; and the question 
 of nationality was probably fatal to the claims of 
 the well-known Prince Esterhazy. 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 Secretary- 
 ship of 
 W. R. 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Secretaryship of W. J^. Hamilton — Reparation to Lord Elgin 
 — Correspondents abroad: the Hon. IV. 7^. Spencer — 
 Sir W. Gell — Air. Edward Dawkins — The Chevalier 
 Brondsted — The Bronzes of Siris — Subscription for 
 their purchase — Proposed continuation of 'Ionian 
 Antiquities ' — Application from Mr. Penrose — Air. 
 Penrose supported by the Society — ' Investigations of 
 Athenian Architecture ' — Latter years of Hamilton s 
 secretaryship — Members elected under his regime : 
 Shee^ Mountstuart Elphinstone, Hobhouse, &c. — East- 
 lake, I{yan, Munro of Novar, &c. — Air. Penrose^ 
 Monckton AIilnes 3 Watkiss Lloyd } Pa?iiitfi y Cockcrell, 
 &c. — C. T. Newton : his correspondence from Syra 
 and Mitylene — The Alausoleum of Halicarnassus — 
 Proposal from the Arundel Society — Dedications 
 of Cockerell's volumes. 
 
 IR THOMAS LAWRENCE died in 1830, and 
 was succeeded in the office of Secretary 
 to the Dilettanti by Mr. W. R. Hamilton, 
 the friend and former secretary to Lord Elgin. 
 Hamilton had served the State from 1809 to 1822 
 as Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 
 and from 1822 to 1825" had resided as Minister 
 at the Court of Naples. His share in the proceedings 
 which led up to the acquisition of the Elgin Marbles 
 by the nation has already been described. It is also 
 
 S 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 173 
 
 to his credit that during his tenure of office he 
 took a considerable part in compelling Louis XVIII 
 to return to Italy the treasures of art of which 
 that country had been despoiled by Napoleon. 
 His combination of antiquarian with diplomatic ex- 
 perience enabled him to be of good service to the 
 Dilettanti in the period of upwards of a quarter of 
 a century during which he had the chief management 
 of their affairs, although the period was, it must be 
 admitted, not a very eventful one in their annals. 
 
 In the year following Hamilton's election (1831), Reparation 
 we find the Dilettanti, no doubt under his influence, *° L °rd 
 offering to Lord Elgin a tardy reparation for their & n ' 
 past misjudgement by conferring on him the unsought 
 honour of election to their body. In the following 
 letter dated from Leamington, July 25-, 1831, Elgin 
 declined the compliment in words which, strictly 
 polite as they are, can hardly have failed to recall 
 to the Society bitter remembrances of the error into 
 which they had been led by Payne Knight, and for 
 which they now sought to make amends : — 
 
 £ On coming here on the score of health, I have been obliged to 
 abstain from any business which I could possibly defer; and among 
 the rest, 1 am sorry to have to acknowledge, is my answer to the 
 communication you made me, of the Dilettanti Society having 
 been pleased, in the most agreeable manner, to propose that 
 I should be admitted as one of their members. I have been 
 a good deal embarrassed by this communication ; I have a peculiar 
 interest in the pursuits of the Society, and feel much gratified by 
 this act of kindness from many to whom I look with friendship and 
 respect. But my case is this : no one knows more intimately than 
 you do, that the impulses which led me to the exertions I made in 
 Greece were wholly for the purpose of securing to Great Britain, 
 and through it to Europe in general, the most effectual possible 
 knowledge, and means of improving, by the excellence of Grecian 
 art in sculpture and architecture. My success, to the vast extent 
 it was effected, will never cease to be a matter of the utmost 
 gratification to me. If, when it was made known to the public, 
 
174 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Correspon- 
 dents 
 abroad: 
 the Hon. 
 IV. R. 
 Spencer. 
 
 twenty-five years ago, or at any reasonable time afterwards, it had 
 been thought that the same energy would be considered useful to 
 the Dilettanti Society, most happy should I have been to have 
 contributed every aid in my power. But as such expectation has 
 long since past, I really do not apprehend that I shall be thought 
 fastidious if I decline the honour now proposed to me at this my 
 eleventh hour/ 
 
 Lord Elgin, though his health had already begun 
 to fail, survived for ten years the date of this letter, 
 and, dying in 1841, was succeeded by his second son, 
 the eighth earl, afterwards successively Governor of 
 Canada and Governor-General of India. 
 
 Two of the leading members of the Society had 
 about 1820 taken up their residence permanently 
 on the Continent, but were in the sequel persuaded 
 to remain honorary and corresponding members of 
 the Society. One of these, the Honourable William 
 Robert Spencer, who settled in Paris, was among the 
 most refined and cultivated men in the society of his 
 day ; and of his many poems, which were at one time 
 highly esteemed in fashionable circles, a few have 
 survived with hopes of permanency, such as his 
 pathetic verses of 4 Beth Gelert,' 'The Emigrant's 
 Grave,' &c. On July 4, 1830, a resolution was 
 passed by the Society 
 
 ' That it be notified to Mr. Spencer that in consideration of his 
 able and distinguished conduct during the time that he had attended 
 the Meetings of the Society, he be released from all annual pay- 
 ments to the Society during the time that he shall continue his 
 Residence abroad, that he be requested to communicate to the 
 Secretary from time to time such matters of Information, as may 
 fall under his notice, wherever he may be resident, as he may 
 judge likely to interest the Society or contribute in any way to 
 promote the general purposes of the Society.' 
 
 sir w. Gell. The other exile was Sir William Gell, who 
 settled in Italy in 1820, residing partly in Rome, 
 but chiefly, and in the end permanently, at Naples. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 175- 
 
 Here he became a worthy successor of Sir William 
 Hamilton, without, however, the brilliant glamour 
 and romance which surrounded his predecessor's 
 name. He devoted himself especially to the newly 
 discovered antiquities at Pompeii, and his book, the 
 Pompeiana, in which he was aided by T. P. Gandy, 
 his fellow-traveller, remains a standard work upon 
 the subject. In the year 1830, when there took place 
 a complete revision of the Society's rules, a special 
 reservation was made in favour of Cell in the 
 following terms : — 
 
 * That the Secretary be directed to write to Sir William Gell 
 that in consideration of his long residence in Italy, for the benefit 
 of his health, and of bis former distinguished service to the Society 
 of Dilettanti, they have been graciously pleased to appoint him 
 their Resident Plenipotentiary in Italy ; and that in virtue of that 
 appointment he be enjoined to keep the Society regularly informed, 
 by letters addressed to the Secretary, of such discoveries of literary 
 or archaeological interest as may be made from time to time in the 
 vicinity of his residence, whether relating to objects of ancient art, 
 or serving to illustrate the ancient history or topography of Italy - 
 and that Sir William Gell be relieved from all payments to the 
 Society, in consequence of his being thus employed on the public 
 service/ 
 
 To this invitation Sir William Gell responded 
 with great readiness, and he regularly corresponded 
 with the Secretary until within a short time of his 
 death, giving an account of the archaeological 
 researches on which he or his friend, Mr. Dodwell, 
 was continually engaged. These letters, copies of 
 which have been preserved, are exceedingly interest- 
 ing from their relation of the discoveries of classical 
 art, especially Etruscan and Pompeian, during the few 
 years which preceded Gell's death in 1834. One 
 result of the correspondence of the Society with Gell 
 was that they agreed to assist him in the publication 
 of a valuable work on the topography of Rome, 
 
176 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 a kind of a gazetteer accompanied by a map l . The 
 Society had this map re-engraved in England at their 
 expense, voted him ^200 as a gift towards his ex- 
 penses, and finally arranged for the publication of 
 the work by Messrs. Saunders and Otley, and for the 
 sale of the copyright of the book and map to the 
 publishers for ^300, to be paid to Sir William Gell. 
 Mr. Edward In 1833 the Society, having received some 
 Bawklns. valuable communications from Mr. Edward Dawkins, 
 the British Minister at Athens, resolved 
 
 ' That it is the opinion of this meeting that it would tend to 
 add considerably to the Interest of the Meetings of this Society, 
 if means could be found to establish regular correspondence with 
 some Persons at Athens and at Rome or Naples from whom the 
 Society might receive regular monthly communications of the 
 nature of these just read, but more in details and comprehending 
 a consecutive Report of all such Events occurring there, as would 
 interest the Lovers of Antient Art and Archaeology — That an 
 application be forthwith made to Sir W. Gell to invite him to do 
 his utmost to meet the Views of the Society by writing at regular 
 Intervals from Rome or from Naples & that a similar suggestion 
 be made to Mr. Dawkins — or some other Person at present residing 
 or travelling in Greece or who may be about to proceed thither. 
 That such an arrangement would be entirely within the objects for 
 which the Society of Dilettanti was originally formed, and which 
 have never ceased to occupy their attention. The purport of this 
 Resolution be at an early period brought before the Committee of 
 Publication and that they do advise such measures as may seem to 
 them most expedient for carrying this Resolution into effect.' 
 
 The Society thereupon wrote to Mr. Crowe, the 
 British Consul at Patras, and to Baron Bunsen at 
 Rome. Nothing however came of it, for Gell, who 
 had been corresponding with the Society on the lines 
 here laid down, as stated above, died in the following- 
 year, and Mr. Dawkins, leaving the Greek legation, 
 soon after returned to England. He was elected a 
 member of the Society in 183d. 
 
 1 The Topography of Rome and its vicinity : ^ vols., with separate 
 map; London, 1834. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 177 
 
 Hamilton, from his former residence at Naples and The che- 
 his work as Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, was waiter 
 in communication with many correspondents abroad, ron ste ' 
 especially on subjects connected with classical archae- 
 ology j among his correspondents was Chevalier Philip 
 Oluf Brondsted, Counsellor of State to H.M. the King 
 of Denmark. Brondsted had been for many years 
 a devoted student of ancient Greek architecture, and 
 had published a volume of Travels and Researches in 
 Greece. On February 6, 18 31, he forwarded a copy 
 of his work as a present to the Society. On May 4 
 following, Hamilton called attention to this gift, 
 and to the fact that Brondsted was contemplating the 
 publication of an essay on the sculptures of the 
 Parthenon, of which he had made a special study. 
 It was suggested that this work was worthy of the 
 patronage of the Society, and that it might be 
 published separately or included as an appendix to 
 the prefatory note in the still uncompleted second 
 volume of the Select Specimens. The Committee of 
 Publication agreed to recommend the Society to 
 purchase and publish Brondsted's memoir, and to pay 
 the cost of engraving the six plates to accompany the 
 work. Brondsted continued to correspond with the 
 Dilettanti. On February 5-, 1 8 3 2, he forwarded as 
 a gift to them a copy of a memoir on Panathenaic 
 vases and the holy oil given as prize to the victors 
 in those games. On March 4, 1832, the Society 
 exhibited a Greek Etruscan vase, the property of 
 the Chevalier Brondsted, in the form of a yjsvKTrjp, 
 or double vessel for cooling wine or other liquor, 
 and read a description of the same, written by the 
 owner of the vase for the information of the Society. 
 
 Among the various objects acquired by the Che- The Bronzes 
 valier Brondsted were two beautiful bronzes which °f sir '*- 
 
 N 
 
178 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 had been found in 1820 near the river Siris in 
 Lucania. They consist of two groups, repousses and 
 chased in high relief, each representing a combat 
 between a Greek and an Amazon. They had served 
 as the shoulder-ornaments of a cuirass, and are now 
 generally accepted as the finest Greek bronze work 
 of the fourth century b. c, although at first they 
 were supposed to be relics of the first battle of 
 Pyrrhus against the Romans, which took place near 
 the spot where they were found. These exquisite 
 specimens, afterwards justly extolled by Thorwaldsen 
 and other artists, were put up to public auction in 1 8 3 2, 
 but found no purchaser. They were then offered to 
 the Society of Dilettanti, and were deposited at the 
 Secretary's house at 22 Grafton Street. On March 2, 
 1833, the Committee of Publication recorded that 
 
 c A Proposal from the Chevalier Brbnsted respecting the purchase 
 of his Bronzes found on the banks of the Siris in Magna Graecia 
 together with his description and Historical Essay and engraved 
 copper plates of them, being brought before the consideration 
 of the Committee — It was resolved that the Committee of Pub- 
 lication do not recommend to the Society the effecting such 
 a purchase on the terms proposed by him — nor indeed on any terms 
 likely to be accepted by him — by the Society as a Body — But as it 
 was certainly a very desirable object that the Bronzes in question, 
 which are undoubtedly of the highest Interest, as works of Greek 
 Art, should if possible be preserved to this country — It may be 
 worth while to make some exertions to effect this purpose — and 
 the Committee were therefore of opinion, that an Arrangement 
 might be attempted, by which the Government could be induced to 
 give as far as £^00 towards their purchase for the British Museum • 
 (there being good Reason for believing that an offer to at least that 
 Amount was made on the part of the Museum, when they were put 
 up to public auction last year) — if a subscription to be set on foot 
 among the late and present Members of this Society could raise such 
 additional sum, as might induce the Chevalier to part with them. 
 It being understood that in case of the purchase being thus effected 
 the Bronzes would become the property of the Trustees cf the 
 British Museum, and the Plates and Essay reserved to the Society 
 — these to be foithwith published by the Society together with that 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 179 
 
 Gentleman's Memoir on the Marbles of the Pediments of the 
 Parthenon for which the Society are already under an engage- 
 ment with him.' 
 
 The Dilettanti, having ascertained that the Subscription 
 authorities of the British Museum could not provide f w the,r 
 2l sum of £6 oo or £700, but were willing to contribute ? unha$e - 
 £yo to such a subscription as they proposed, deter- 
 mined to set it on foot, their intention being accelerated 
 by a letter from Brondsted, in which he said that 
 although he was anxious for the bronzes to remain 
 in England, one-half of the purchase-money (£?oo) 
 must be paid during the ensuing June, as he could 
 get 2y,ooo francs for them in Paris any day he 
 might choose to bring them over. During the 
 progress of the subscription the Society agreed as 
 a body to deposit a sufficient sum of money, if 
 possible, as a guarantee to ensure the bronzes not 
 going out of England. When the subscription was 
 started, it was responded to by thirty-four members 
 of the Society, whose contributions amounted to 
 nearly £foo. The Society then printed a circular 
 and distributed it among 'the friends of Virtu.' 
 During the remainder of 1835- the subscriptions 
 amounted to over £800, and at their meeting on 
 February 2, 1834, the Secretary was able to 
 announce to the Society that the £1,000 had 
 been completed by the contribution of £200 on 
 behalf of the British Museum. The sum of £1000 
 was thereupon paid over to the Chevalier Frbndsted, 
 and the bronzes were handed over to the trustees of 
 the British Museum, where they had been deposited 
 on September 10, 1 8 3 3. A sum of £23 4/. 6d. y which 
 remained over, was devoted to the purchase of 
 a suitable case in which to exhibit them. The 
 credit of this subscription must be given entirely to 
 
 N 2 
 
i8o History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 the Society of Dilettanti. The Society then pro- 
 ceeded to acquire the memoir written by Chevalier 
 Brondsted upon the bronzes and the copperplates 
 engraved for the publication. They printed the 
 work and issued it at their expense in 183d. The 
 memoir on the pediments of the Parthenon was 
 never completed by Brondsted, who in April, 1840, 
 asked to be allowed to resume possession of the two 
 copperplates which had been prepared to illustrate 
 it, in return for his engagement to deliver to each 
 member of the Society one copy of the work in 
 question. The Society acceded to this request, but 
 Brondsted died in 1842, without having received the 
 plates from H. Corbould the engraver (who died 
 about the same time). 
 Proposed When the third volume of the Ionian Antiquities was 
 continuation at length published (see above, p. i6%\ the Society of 
 
 of Ionian -r^.., & . r « , , V , • ' P ■ c J , 
 
 Antiquities: dilettanti had already in contemplation a fourth 
 volume of the same series, for which some of the plates 
 were actually ready. The death of Mr. Wilkins, R. A., 
 who was to have been responsible for the text, put 
 a stop to further progress with the volume. 
 Application On June 7, 1846, a fresh opportunity presented 
 from Mr. itself to the Society, when the Secretary read to the 
 meeting a paper prepared by Mr. Penrose, architect, 
 which had been previously submitted to the trustees 
 of the British Museum. The object of this com- 
 munication was to explain that the author, during 
 a recent visit to Athens, had ascertained the existence 
 of certain alleged anomalies in the construction of 
 the Parthenon, but had not been able for want of 
 adequate means to particularize their precise extent 
 and purpose with the mathematical accuracy 
 which was desirable. He now made known to the 
 Society his readiness to repair again to that city, 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 181 
 
 and apply himself to verifying these irregularities 
 with the utmost precision which circumstances would 
 allow : for which object Mr. Penrose requested the 
 countenance of the Society, an advance or credit 
 to the amount of £jo for the scaffolding which 
 would be required, and an official introduction to 
 Sir Edmund Lyons, our Minister to the Greek 
 Government, which might ensure him facilities in the 
 prosecution of this very desirable object. Mr. Deering 
 having intimated his conviction that his colleague 
 in the Ionian mission, Mr. Francis Bedford, had 
 already sufficiently ascertained the bearings of this 
 question, and having represented that it might be ad- 
 visable to refer to that gentleman for his notes on the 
 subject, the Secretary further explained the particular 
 scope of Mr. Penrose's proposed investigations. 
 
 At their next meeting, on July 5-, 1 846, the Society Mr. Penrose 
 unanimously agreed supported by 
 
 J 0 the Society. 
 
 ' That application should be made to the Secretary of State for 
 foreign Affairs for a letter of Introduction 6c Recommendation to 
 our Minister at Athens, with a view to facilitating Mr. Penrose's 
 operations, particularly permission to erect a scaffolding against 
 the Walls or Columns of the Temple, and that the Society should 
 contribute £<>o towards the Expense of such scaffolding — that if 
 within these limits Mr. P. was enabled to extend his operations to 
 the Temple of Theseus also & other buildings at Athens of that 
 age, he would be at liberty to do so. 5 
 
 Application was therefore made to Lord 
 Palmerston, who furnished Mr. Penrose with the 
 requisite letter for Sir E. Lyons, and on February 
 7, 1847, the Secretary was able to report that 
 Mr. Penrose had already commenced his operations. 
 Mr. Penrose communicated the results of his investi- 
 gations in letters to the Society, and after his return, 
 towards the close of the same year, a portfolio 
 of drawings was submitted to the Society, which 
 
i8x History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 ' Investi- 
 gations 
 of Athenian 
 Architec- 
 
 ture. 
 
 Mr. Penrose was willing to place at the disposal 
 of the members, if they should be inclined to publish 
 them. 
 
 The Committee of Publication reported on March 
 6, 1848, 
 
 ' That they have examined in company with Mr. Penrose the 
 plans & working Drawings made by that Gentleman at Athens 
 and since he left that City which were submitted to the Society at 
 their last meeting, and which related to certain recently verified 
 principles in the construction of the Parthenon, & other Greek 
 buildings, to which subject his attention had been drawn by the 
 Society when he left England last summer. 
 
 c That they have been much gratified by the evidence, which these 
 Drawings offered of the labour and zeal, which Mr. Penrose has 
 applied to the object of his Researches, and he seems to them to have 
 satisfactorily proved his positions by the accuracy of his observations, 
 & by mathematical calculation. That they are of opinion that it 
 will reflect honour and credit on the Society, if they undertake the 
 publication of these Drawings, or a sufficient portion of them, which 
 Mr. Penrose has very liberally placed at the disposal of the Society. 
 
 c If the Society should adopt their proposals the Committee 
 recommend that the List of Drawings appended to this Report, 
 should be selected for publication. 
 
 ( That each of these Drawings should be accompanied by a page 
 or half-page of letterpress explanatory of its contents, and 
 Mr. Penrose could prepare a short account of his proceedings 
 during the progress of his labours on the Parthenon and the few 
 difficulties he had to surmount, the facilities supplied to him, and 
 any particular details, which occurred at the time, illustrative of 
 the subject he had in hand, & which may serve to give to the 
 Public a more comprehensive View of the Construction of Greek 
 Temples in the most flourishing period of the arts in Greece, 
 especially in reference to the newly advanced principles which have 
 been more or less alluded to, or obscurely indicated by antient writers. 
 
 ' The Committee have been given to understand that the prepared 
 Plates being twenty-six in number, may be engraved on an average 
 expense of from six to ten pounds each : the letterpress would 
 comprize about thirty pages of the usual size of the Society's 
 publications : Say nine sheets at £j 1^0 per sheet, paper included, 
 i.e. £ji 1? o.' 
 
 The Society unanimously resolved that the above 
 report be approved and adopted. A notice of the 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 183 
 
 proposed publication was therefore printed and 
 distributed to the members of the Society. The 
 work was at once put in hand, and was originally 
 intended to form a second volume to the Unedited 
 Antiquities of Attica. This idea was however aban- 
 doned, and in May, 185-0, it was decided to issue 
 the work as a separate volume, under the title of 
 Investigations of Athenian Architecture. Proofs of the 
 plates and text were laid on the table at various 
 meetings of the Society, and in February, 185-2, the 
 volume itself was at last laid on the table. The 
 usual number of presentation copies was distributed, 
 and each member received a copy with an accom- 
 panying portfolio of prints, the remaining copies 
 being offered to the public at £4, afterwards raised 
 to £? js. od. apiece. 
 
 After the publication of Mr. Penrose's work,, the Latter 
 energies of the Society of Dilettanti slackened for ^ rs .°f , 
 some years. It would seem that the repeated infliction secreta ry- 
 of additional subscriptions, in order to defray the ship. 
 expense of successive publications, not only proved 
 irksome to members, even when they bore their 
 share ungrudgingly, but also had a deterrent effect 
 on obtaining fresh candidates, as the members of 
 the Society from this time fell far short of the 
 seventy to which number its circle had been limited. 
 The Secretary, Mr. W. R. Hamilton, occupied some of 
 the leisure of his declining years in compiling a list 
 of the members of the Society from its foundation, 
 which was finished in 185-4 an d printed for the 
 use of members shortly afterwards, as well as a com- 
 pendious history of the Society, which was completed 
 and distributed to members in 185-5-, under the 
 title 'Historical Notices of the Society of Dilettanti. 
 Printed for Private Circulation only. Seria Ludo. 
 
184 History of the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 7ro\\oi 8e /xefivaurai, KaXou et tl irovaOfj. Pindar, 01. 
 vi.' To this work, which was printed by John 
 Bowyer Nichols of Parliament Street, a portrait 
 of the author, lithographed by R. J. Lane, A.R.A., 
 from a portrait by H. Phillips, was prefixed by 
 order of the Society. The present work is based 
 upon Hamilton's brief history, largely supplemented 
 and amplified from a study of the original records 
 of the Society and its committees. Hamilton, in 
 spite of repeated offers to resign owing to his in- 
 creasing age, continued to act as Secretary to the 
 Society until the month before his death, which 
 took place in June, 185-9. Sir Edward Ryan at 
 once took over the management of the Society's 
 affairs, but at first only in the capacity of acting 
 Secretary, and it was not till the beginning of 1863 
 that he was finally confirmed in the appointment. 
 Members During Hamilton's regime of all but thirty years, 
 ehcted under tne personnel of the Society had naturally undergone 
 s'Le^'T many changes. The new members elected in the 
 Mountstuart first years of his secretaryship included Mr., after- 
 Elphin- wards Sir, Martin Archer Shee, P.R.A., who succeeded 
 hothouse Thomas Lawrence as titular Painter to the Society ; 
 
 & c% ' the Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone, one of the most 
 gifted and far-seeing of the great succession of Indian 
 commanders and administrators under the Company, 
 who on his return home from office as Governor 
 of the Bombay Presidency in 1829 had travelled 
 and studied to good purpose in Greece and Italy ; 
 Lord Burghersh, afterwards Earl of Westmorland, 
 H.B.M.'s ambassador to Berlin and Vienna ; the 
 Marquess of Northampton, afterwards President of 
 the Royal Society and the Society of Antiquaries ; 
 Sir Alexander Baring, afterwards Lord Ashburton, 
 the well-known politician, diplomatist, and amateur 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 185" 
 
 of art ; Lord Heytesbury, another diplomatist of 
 varied experience who was also an amateur and 
 collector ; the aforesaid Mr. Edward Dawkins,, fresh 
 from the legation at Athens ; and Sir John Cam 
 Hobhouse, well known as the intimate friend and 
 companion of Lord Byron. Hobhouse's incautious 
 expression of his radical opinions in politics once 
 brought him within the gates of Newgate ; but 
 he afterwards served his country honourably in 
 successive cabinets as Secretary of War and President 
 of the Board of Controls and eventually entered 
 a haven of repose by being called up to the House 
 of Lords as Lord Broughton of GyfFord in i8j-i. 
 Hobhouse was elected in 18 39, and continued for 
 many years to be a leading spirit among the 
 Dilettanti. The next ten years were a period of 
 quietude in the history of the Society,, only broken 
 by the publication of Mr. Penrose's important work 
 on the Principles of Athenian Architecture. Among 
 the few members elected some well-known amateurs 
 and collectors found a place, such as Sir John 
 Hippisley,, M.P., and Beriah Botfield, M.P., the 
 bibliographer and antiquary, who was for some 
 years one of the most regular attendants at the 
 Society's meetings. 
 
 In 1848 the post of Painter to the Dilettanti again EastUke, 
 fell vacant, through the death of Sir Martin A. Shee, 
 and descended to the next holder of the presidential 
 chair at the Royal Academy, Sir Charles Lock 
 Eastlake. In the same year the Society gained 
 a valuable recruit in the person of Sir Edward Ryan, 
 lately returned from his position as Chief Justice 
 of Bengal, and about to serve his country still more 
 usefully as head of the Civil Service Commission 
 during a prolonged period of transition and reform. 
 
186 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 During the fifties there came in a number of wealthy 
 amateurs and picture-collectors (the fashion of 
 forming private collections of ancient marbles had 
 by this time passed away), foremost among whom were 
 Mr. R. S. Holford ; Mr. H. A. Johnstone Munro, of 
 Novar ; Mr. William Stirling, afterwards Sir William 
 Stirling-Maxwell, of Keir; Mr. Henry Danby Seymour, 
 of Knoyle, M.P. ; Mr. George Tomline, M.P., of Orwell 
 Park ; the Hon. Francis Charteris, best known 
 for many years as Lord Elcho, now Earl of Wemyss ; 
 Mr. Wells of Redleaf; and the Hon. Charles 
 Hardinge, afterwards Viscount Hardinge, in later life 
 an active trustee of the National Gallery and 
 National Portrait Gallery. Some of these long 
 remained active members of the Society ; others re- 
 signed (the word < abdicated ' had by this time fallen 
 out of use) within a few years of their election. 
 Mr. Penrose, In 1 8^2 the Dilettanti were joined by a pro- 
 Monckton fessional member, Mr. F. C. Penrose the architect, 
 Watkhs whose labours in elucidating the subtler principles 
 Lloyd, of Athenian architecture they had already en- 
 Panizzi, couraged and given to the world, as above narrated, 
 cw-W/, an( j w j 10 gt - jj survlves as f atner Q f t he Society (1897). 
 
 In the same year the Society elected Mr. Richard 
 Monckton Milnes, afterwards so well known as Lord 
 Houghton, the most genial and accomplished of men 
 of society, politicians, and poets, than whom few 
 men have ever seen more varieties of life, or taken 
 their experiences with a gayer curiosity and zest. In 
 18^7 Monckton Milnes contributed to the Edinburgh 
 Review an article on Hamilton's Historical Notices of 
 the Society, and up to the time of his death in 
 1 8 8 j- remained one of its most active and devoted 
 members. The more strictly scholarly group of 
 Dilettanti was increased in 1874 by the election of 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 187 
 
 Mr. William Watkiss Lloyd, a gentleman of means 
 who enthusiastically devoted his life to the study of 
 ancient art, antiquities, and literature, and was the 
 author of a large number of treatises, published and 
 unpublished, on these and cognate subjects, as well as 
 of two remarkable historical works, the Age of Pericles 
 and the History of Sicily. Until his death in 1893 
 Mr. Lloyd was one of the principal guides and advisers 
 of the Dilettanti in their archaeological undertakings. 
 Subsequently to the publication of Mr. Penrose's 
 book on Athenian Architecture, he elaborated and 
 published a Theory of the Proportions of Archi- 
 tecture as used by the Ancients, which was adopted 
 by Mr. Penrose in his revised edition of the above 
 work. The year 1877 was marked by the election 
 of Baron Marochetti, the Parisianized Piedmontese 
 sculptor who in those days enjoyed in England 
 a reputation and a practice beyond what now seem 
 to us his deserts ; of the naturalized Italian exile 
 Panizzi, a man whose gifts of organization, force 
 of character, and subtlety of brain might have made 
 him the equal of the foremost statesmen of his time, 
 but whom the chance 3 of life caused to devote his 
 extraordinary powers to the service of the British 
 Museum, of which he had just been appointed 
 Principal Librarian ; and, finally, of a member still 
 living, Sir William Augustus Fraser, afterwards M.P., 
 author of Poems of the Knight of Morar, Disraeli and 
 his Day, Hie et Ubique, &c, &c, and compiler of a list 
 of members of the Society down to 1874, copies of 
 which he presented to the existing members at that 
 date. In 18^8 was elected another member who is 
 still active, Mr. W. Cornwallis Cartwright, long M.P. 
 for Oxfordshire : and in the same year a veteran 
 among professional architects and archaeologists in 
 
188 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 the person of Charles Robert Cockerell, R.A. 
 Thirty-seven years earlier Cockerell had been one of 
 the most enterprising of students and travellers on 
 classic soil, and had taken an active part in the 
 expedition of Stackelberg, Haller, and the rest, for 
 exploring the temples of Aegina and Phigaleia, 
 by the results of which the museums of Munich 
 and London respectively have been so memorably 
 enriched (see above, p. i?6). It was only now, after 
 a professional career of great activity and success, 
 that Cockerell found leisure to prepare for publica- 
 tion an account of those explorations of his youth. 
 c. T. New- Meanwhile a comparatively young archaeologist, 
 ton his destined for many years to be the most distinguished 
 correspon- Q £ ca nj n g m England, had entered into relations 
 
 dence from • i i r _ D . D . . ' . . 
 
 Syra and with the Society without as yet having become 
 Mitylene. a member. At the meeting held on February 5-, 
 185-4, it is recorded that 
 
 'Mention having been made of the very exemplary zeal, 
 activity and intelligence in the Study and Investigation of Greek 
 Antiquities in various parts of the Levant shown by Mr. Charles 
 T. Newton, lately an Assistant in the Department of Antiquities 
 in the British Museum, and who is now Her Majesty's Vice 
 Consul at Mitylene, & has lately been Resident at Rhodes as 
 H. M. acting Consul & Reference having been made to a corre- 
 spondence between the Society and the late Sir Wm. Gell whilst 
 residing at Rome. . . It was unanimously Resolved on the motion 
 of Mr. R. M. Milnes seconded by the Secretary, that Mr. C. T. 
 Newton be requested to allow himself to be named a correspondent 
 of the Society of Dilettanti in the Archipelago, and in the Hellenic 
 Cities bordering on the Coasts of that Sea ; and that the Secretary 
 do acquaint him that the Society will be extremely gratified if he 
 will have the kindness from time to time to address to them thro' the 
 Secretary, such notices of Archaeological Research, as he may be of 
 opinion will be interesting and welcome to the Society ; and that 
 these communications be read to the Society at their Meetings.' 
 
 This invitation was gladly accepted by Mr. Newton. 
 On July 2, 1 8 j 4, the Secretary laid on the table a 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 189 
 
 letter from Mr. C. Newton dated Syra, June 8 pre- 
 ceding, and reported to the Society the general 
 contents of the same, relating to the Museums of 
 Classical Antiquities which the writer had visited at 
 Paris, Nimes, and Aries. On May <5, 1 8 5-5-, another 
 letter was read from Mr. Charles Newton, dated 
 Mitylene, March 22, in which he gave an account 
 of the excavations which he had been carrying 
 on for Lord Stratford de RedclifFe among the 
 ancient tombs in the island of Calymnos. A further 
 communication was received on May n, 1876, from 
 Mr. Newton, dated Budrum, February 1 , announcing 
 his discovery of the remains of the ancient city of 
 Lagina, mentioned by Strabo, with a temple of Hecate, 
 at Mughlah. On February 1, 185-7, the Secretary re- 
 ported that in consequence of Mr. Charles Newton, 
 Vice-Consul at Mitylene, having been deputed by the 
 Government to conduct several archaeological re- 
 searches in the Levant, and particularly on the coast 
 of Asia Minor, such researches being almost identical 
 with those which had engaged for so many years 
 the attention of this Society, he had taken upon 
 himself to present to that gentleman, in the name of 
 the Society, a copy of the Society's publications, 
 which Mr. Newton considered would be of great 
 use to him in the prosecution of his researches. 
 The Society were pleased to approve of what the 
 Secretary had done in their name. 
 
 In another letter dated Budrum, March 19, 185-7, The 
 and read May, 185-7, Mr. Newton communicated to Mausoleum 
 the Society the progress of his important operations °f Hal '- 
 
 J jt o 1-1 carnassus. 
 
 in excavating the site of the Mausoleum at Hali- 
 carnassus. The result of these operations was, as is well 
 known, not only to solve a topographical and artistic 
 problem of the highest interest, but at the same time 
 
ipo History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 to enrich the British Museum with the most important 
 series of original Greek marbles which had been 
 recovered from any ancient site since the Phigaleian 
 explorations of 1811-12. The consideration of 
 Mr. Newton's letter led to an important step on the 
 part of the Society, for on July y following, 
 
 'Mr. Penrose represented to the meeting that in consequence 
 of the very interesting & impoitant Discoveries lately made by 
 Mr. C. Newton at Halicarnassus, by which the real site & general 
 Disposition of the Mausoleum had been ascertained and several 
 specimens of antient art belonging to that monument had been 
 brought to light, It seemed to be an object well worthy of the 
 character of the Society, and strictly consonant to its former pursuits, 
 To send to Budium a qualified Architect, with Instructions to 
 note such designs & ornaments (sculptural as well as archi- 
 tectural) as would be sufficient to illustrate the Art of the period 
 and to make out a perfect plan & elevation of this celebrated 
 Structure. After some discussion, it was Resolved that the 
 subject be forthwith referied to the Committee of Publication 
 for their consideration & inquiry. Resolved also that considering 
 the period of the year and that no meeting of the Society would 
 take place before next Febiuary, That if the Committee should 
 decide that such a measure was under all circumstances expedient 
 & desirable, they have full authority to take steps to put it into 
 immediate execution. 
 
 'Resolved also that the said Committee be instructed to limit 
 the whole expense of the proposed Mission to a Sum not exceeding 
 £z*)0. Resolved also that the Committee do furnish the Architect 
 so to be appointed, with full and proper Instructions for the 
 guidance of his conduct.' 
 
 When the Society reassembled in February, i8y8, 
 the Secretary reported that an architect had been 
 sent out by H. M. Government to assist Mr. Newton 
 in his work at Halicarnassus, and that this architect 
 was Mr. Pullan, the very man whom Mr. Penrose 
 was prepared to recommend to the Society, so that 
 there was no need for any expenditure on the part 
 of the Society of Dilettanti for that particular object. 
 Proposal The next question which occupied the attention 
 from the G f the Society was an invitation made to the Society 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 191 
 
 in March, 185-9, by tne Arundel Society through Sir Arundel 
 Coutts Lindsay, Bart., to co-operate in a scheme for Society. 
 making reduced copies of the Elgin Marbles and 
 other works of Greek sculpture, in order to facili- 
 tate their acquisition by artists and others, and to 
 promote the study and appreciation of the finest 
 works of Greek sculpture. Although the Society 
 showed a disposition to assist in the matter, the 
 scheme of joint action appears to have been 
 abandoned by the Arundel Society. 
 
 On June 3, 18 do, the acting Secretary (Sir Dedica- 
 E. Ryan) called the attention of the Society to "/ 
 Mr. Cockerell's work on the temples at Aegina vo i u ^ efi 
 and Bassae, then on the eve of publication., and 
 Mr. Penrose read to the members a description of 
 its contents. In this important work the first 
 part was dedicated to the Society's late Secretary, 
 Mr. W. R. Hamilton, and the second to the Society 
 itself, a sufficient tribute to the importance of 
 the work done by the Dilettanti in the domain 
 of archaeological exploration. The Society agreed 
 to purchase seventy copies of Mr. Cockerell's work, 
 distributing a copy to each present member of the 
 Society and retaining the rest for the use of future 
 members, and wrote to Mr. Cockerell 
 
 ' That this tribute to the Memory of their late Secretary whom 
 the Society so highly valued & whose loss they so deeply deplored 
 was most grateful to the feelings of the Society — That the Society 
 most cordially accepted the honor of having the second Part of the 
 work dedicated to them — That it is so perfectly in harmony with 
 their own publications that they are anxious in some degree to 
 identify themselves with this most valuable work, and are desirous 
 of becoming subscribers for seventy copies, & if not attended with 
 any inconvenience would be glad to have the names of the present 
 members of the Society inserted after the dedication to the 
 Society/ 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 Removals ; 
 ne<w 
 
 Thatched 
 House 
 Tavern ; 
 Willis's 
 Rooms. 
 
 Removals : new Thatched House Tavern j Willis s Rooms 
 — State of the Society — Sir C. T. Newton, Sir F. 
 Leighton, &c. — Art collectors and amateurs ; country 
 gentry, &c.j Bar and Bench — Pollock, Venables, 
 Boiven — Learning ; the Civil Service j Foreign 
 Diplomacy — New antiquarian enterprise : Mr. Pullan 
 and the Temple of Teos — The Smintheum — Temple 
 of Priene — ' Ionian Antiquities,' vol. iv — Time and 
 mode of publication — Penrose's r Athenian Archi- 
 tecture,' new edition — Appeals from various quarters: 
 Temple of Ephesus ; British School at Athens — 
 Changes and removals since i 8 8 8 — New members — 
 Discussions and resolutions — Retrospect: changed 
 conditions of archaeological study- — Decline of classical 
 enthusiasm in England — The Archaeological Institute 
 of Rome j various foreign schools at Athens — 
 Revival of the study in England, but in another 
 shape — Part taken, or to be taken, by the Dilettanti 
 — Conclusion. 
 
 DURING the secretaryship of Mr. W. R. 
 ! Hamilton the Dilettanti had been obliged 
 to shift their quarters, as the premises 
 occupied by Mr. Willis at the old Thatched 
 House Tavern were disposed of in 1842-3 to 
 make room for the Conservative Club. Mr. Willis, 
 however, merely transferred his quarters to the 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 193 
 
 house next door, hitherto occupied by the Albion 
 Club, taking the name of the Thatched House 
 with him. There, in the new Thatched House 
 Tavern, the Society was lodged for nearly a score 
 more years until i8<Si, when Mr. Willis disposed 
 of these premises, and the Society was obliged to 
 ! move elsewhere. A proposal made in i8<5o that 
 a large room should be rented from the Bank of 
 England in Burlington Street at ^100 a year was 
 negatived on account of expense. As Mr. Willis was 
 able to provide at his other premises in King Street, 
 St. James's, a room suitable for the meetings of the 
 Dilettanti, their pictures and other effects were there- 
 fore transported thither. These premises, formerly 
 famous as 4 Almack's,' and by this time only less famous 
 as 4 Willis's,' continued to be the meeting-place of the 
 Society, as of so many other of the chief dining societies 
 and clubs of London, until they were finally closed 
 in 1889. The premises then, through the foreclosure 
 of a mortgage, passed into the hands of the executors 
 of Lady Willoughby d'Eresby ; they have since been 
 reconstructed, and are divided, as readers are aware,, 
 between a new restaurant bearing the old name and 
 the auction-rooms of Messrs. Robinson and Fisher. 
 
 During the first part of what may be called the state of the 
 Willis's Rooms period of the Society's history, Soaety. 
 the management of its affairs remained in the hands 
 of Sir Edward Ryan (acting Secretary 1879— 63, 
 Secretary 1 8 d 3 —7 y) j during the second part, 
 1876-88, in those of his successor, Sir W. F. 
 (known as Sir Frederick) Pollock. Owing to 
 causes to be mentioned later, the old energetic lead 
 taken by the Dilettanti in the promotion and publi- 
 cation of classical researches had by this time to 
 a great extent passed out of their hands. Neverthe- 
 
 o 
 
194- History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 less, as will be seen, they were not idle. Socially, 
 they did not cease to flourish; and their ranks 
 continued, as of old, to be recruited from every 
 section of English cultivated society. They were 
 also opened for the first time to distinguished 
 members of the foreign diplomatic body, of whom 
 the earliest representative was Massimo d'Azeglio, 
 elected in i%6i. 
 sir c.t. In 1 8 6 1 the election of Mr. C. T. Newton, already 
 Newton, since 185-4 a valued correspondent of the Society, 
 5 £; L gave new strength to the learned element in its ranks, 
 fy t% ' 3 and at the same time knitted closer the ties by which 
 the Dilettanti had long been connected with the 
 British Museum. For nearly thirty years, until 
 the complete breakdown of his health, Mr. (after- 
 wards Sir Charles) Newton filled at the meetings and 
 in the business of the Society the place naturally due 
 to his position and attainments. To the founda- 
 tions laid at Shrewsbury and Christchurch he had 
 added a unique experience of life and exploration 
 in the Levant ; and now, since his appointment 
 as Keeper of the Greek and Roman Antiquities 
 in the British Museum, stood as the acknowledged 
 head of the practical archaeologists, epigraphers, 
 and antiquarian excavators of Europe. Distinguished 
 alike as a scholar and a man of the world, and 
 in looks resembling some rather weather-worn 
 antique Jupiter from among his own marbles, his 
 demeanour to strangers was marked by a touch 
 of suspicious caution and reserve which caused 
 him sometimes to be misunderstood; but to his 
 friends no man bore a warmer heart, and in con- 
 genial society few had a greater charm, derived 
 alike from scholarly breeding and a ripe and 
 humorous experience of men and things. In i%6? 
 
SIR EDWARD RYAN. K C. B 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 195- 
 
 he gained a powerful ally within the Society by the 
 election of Mr. Frederic Leighton, afterwards 
 President of the Royal Academy, who as Lord 
 Leighton passed away but two years ago, to the 
 universal sorrow of his countrymen. Leighton's 
 brilliant artistic and social accomplishments, his 
 enthusiasm for classical traditions and classical ideals, 
 made him naturally a leading figure in the councils 
 and at the board of the Dilettanti, until in his latter 
 yearsthe constantly increasing pressure of engagements 
 made his appearances more rare. Occupying the chair 
 at one of the last of these, at the time when Sir 
 Charles Newton had just been made K..C.B. on his 
 retirement from the British Museum, Leighton paid a 
 characteristic compliment to his old friend by spe- 
 cially coupling his name (contrary to all regulation 
 and precedent) with one or the standing toasts of the 
 Society, < Grecian Taste and Roman Spirit.' Other 
 members elected during the same period (1860-88) 
 who were professionally connected with the practice 
 of art or the direction of art collections were 
 Mr. James Fergusson, the learned traveller, architect, 
 and historian of architecture ; Sir F. W. Burton, 
 Director of the National Gallery, who was appointed 
 Painter to the Society when Leighton elected to 
 become its Sculptor ; and Mr. Sidney Colvin. 
 
 During the same period there came in, from the Art collec- 
 ranks of art amateurs and collectors, the late Earl tors and 
 Somers, the late Earl of Warwick, Mr. Brinsiey ™^ Si 
 Marlay, Sir Coutts Lindsay, Mr. Reginald Qhoi- gntry,&e.; 
 mondeley, Mr. George Howard (now Earl of Carlisle), Bar and 
 Lord Powerscourt, Mr. Stewart Hodgson, and Bench - 
 Mr. Cyril Flower (now Lord Battersea) ; from those 
 of country gentry and politicians, Sir Matthew 
 White Ridley, M.P., father of the present 
 
 o % 
 
19 6 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Home Secretary, Mr. (now the Right Hon. Sir 
 Richard) Paget, M.P., Mr. Milnes Gaskell, and 
 Sir Robert Cunliffe ; from the army, Colonel (now 
 General Sir George) Higginson; from diplomacy, 
 Lord Dalling and Lord Lytton ; from the law, 
 a profession hitherto scantily represented in the 
 Society's ranks, a strong contingent, including Sir 
 W. F. Pollock, Sir W. J. Farrer, Mr. George 
 Venables, QX., Mr. Pember, QX., Mr. Charles 
 Bowen (afterwards Lord Bowen), Mr. Elton, QJC., 
 the learned antiquarian and historian of his country's 
 origins, Sir Robert Collier (afterwards Lord Monks- 
 well), almost as proficient in landscape-painting as he 
 was distinguished at the bar and in politics, Sir Horace 
 Davey (now Lord Davey), and Sir Joseph Chitty. 
 Pollock, Among this legal group, three at least of those 
 
 Venables, who are with us no more must claim from their 
 Bowen. survivors among the Dilettanti a special tribute 
 of remembrance and regret. Sir Frederick Pollock, 
 who filled for many years the office of Queen's 
 Remembrancer, was not the least distinguished 
 of a distinguished family. From Cambridge days 
 and always an attached friend of Tennyson, of 
 Edward Fitzgerald, of James Spedding, and of 
 W. H. Thompson, late Master of Trinity, he 
 lived all his life in intimate relations with the 
 best spirits of his time, and was accustomed to 
 hear pleasantries of his own — attributed often to 
 far more famous wits — pass current in familiar 
 quotation. He was one of the most instructed of 
 Dante scholars, as his exact blank-verse rendering 
 of the Divine Comedy testifies, and as editor of the 
 Reminiscences of Macready and author of Personal 
 Remembrances has left some interesting impressions of 
 social experience. From the death of Sir Edward 
 
History of the Society of "Dilettanti 197 
 
 Ryan in 187^ until a few months before his own 
 in 1888, Pollock served the Society of Dilettanti 
 as Secretary, conducting its affairs with tact and 
 zeal, and keeping up its forms and ceremonials 
 with the due mixture of solemnity and humour. 
 Another Cambridge man, of a few years' senior 
 standing to Pollock, was George Venables, the early 
 and life-long friend of Thackeray, and reputed 
 original of the < Stunning Warrington ' of Pendennis. 
 A first-class classic of the famous year of Lushington 
 and Thompson, Venables combined with successful 
 parliamentary practice the industry and versatility 
 of a brilliant journalist, and was one of the pillars 
 of the Saturday Review throughout its best days, but 
 never by acknowledged authorship sought recognition 
 for his remarkable literary powers. His vigorous vein 
 of conversation had something of a cynical quality, 
 which imperfectly disguised the native kindliness of 
 his heart. These two passed away in the fullness of 
 age j while Bowen, a greater lawyer belonging to the 
 sister University and to a younger generation, went 
 prematurely, but lives, as the wittiest of the wise 
 and the kindest of the just, in the affectionate 
 remembrance of many as well as in the pages of one 
 of the most judicious of recent biographies. The 
 Dilettanti have in latter years had among them no 
 personality more remarkable than his, with his 
 athletic figure and countenance boyish to the end, 
 and the serene utterance with which his modest 
 and humorous, but none the less weighty, oracles 
 were delivered. 
 
 Historical and classical learning were in the same Learning } 
 days represented respectively by Lord Acton and Pro- the c ' v ' 1 
 fessor Jebb j the Civil Service, of which Sir Edward p™j* n ' 
 Ryan was himself so distinguished a member, by the Diplomacy. 
 
198 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Hon. Edward Twistleton (Landor's c kind and accom- 
 plisht Twisleton '), and later by Sir Reginald Welby 
 (no wLord Welby ^, and the Hon. R. H. Meade; politics, 
 learning, and literature in combination by Sir Mount- 
 stuart Grant-Duff; travelandbotanicalandgeographical 
 science, with a tincture of early political experience, 
 by Mr. John Ball, F.R.S. The House of Lords sent 
 for a time two who were destined to be among 
 the most distinguished of its members, Lord Rosebery 
 and Lord Lansdowne. The United States were 
 represented by two successive ambassadors, Mr. J. R. 
 Lowell and Mr. Phelps, the former also a famous 
 man of letters : both of these were among the most 
 constant and welcome attendants of the Society's 
 meetings, and a letter of farewell from Mr. Lowell 
 is among the more treasured of its recent archives. 
 
 Turning now to such activities as the Dilettanti 
 were at this time able to exercise in the antiquarian 
 field, in 1861 an opportunity presented itself for 
 the completion, in fulfilment of the original inten- 
 tions of the Society, of the long-looked-for fourth 
 volume of Ionian Antiquities. On May 5- of that 
 year it was proposed by Mr. Cockerell and resolved 
 
 ' That a Committee be appointed to inquire & report upon the 
 practicability of further explorations in the Temples of Teos, 
 Branchidae and Priene, and that the Committee do consist of 
 Lord Broughton, Mr. Thomas Baring, Mr. Panizzi, Mr. Cockerell, 
 Mr. Penrose, and Mr. Lloyd. 5 
 
 This committee met on June tf, and considered 
 a proposition from Mr. R. P. Pullan, the architect 
 who had been sent out by the Government to assist 
 Mr. Newton at Budrum, to visit and examine the 
 sites of Teos, Branchidae, and Priene, receiving for 
 four months' work ^ifo, or for six months' ^200. 
 The committee recommended and the Society re- 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 199 
 
 solved that £150 should be advanced to Mr. Pullan 
 for this purpose, and that instructions should be 
 drawn up for his guidance. The committee reported 
 the instructions prepared by them in February, 1862; 
 and extracts from letters addressed to Mr. Lloyd by 
 Mr. Pullan were read at the next meeting, when 
 £200 were advanced for his six months' work. 
 Mr. Pullan had arrived in Smyrna in August, 18 61, 
 and had visited, the ancient sites of the Smintheum 
 in the Troad, Assos, Ephesus, Priene, Magnesia ad 
 Maeandrum, Heraclea, and other cities. It was then 
 decided that Mr. Pullan should be authorized to 
 explore the temple of Bacchus at Teos at a cost 
 not exceeding £700. A report of these explora- 
 tions was presented to the Society at their meeting 
 on February 8, 1863, when it was resolved 
 
 4 That Mr. Lloyd & Mr. Penrose be requested to report upon 
 the proposal of Mr. Pullan to prepare exact reductions & drawings 
 requisite for illustration of the discoveries on the scale of the 
 Society's previous publications and suitable for engraving, together 
 with whatever notes may be thought desirable to accompany the 
 same, and to state which would be the best mode of publishing 
 the same and what would be the cost thereof.' 
 
 On February 7, 1864, a portfolio of Mr. Pullan's 
 drawings was placed upon the table. On the same 
 date Mr. Lloyd states that in his opinion the result of 
 the enterprise has been most satisfactory, inasmuch 
 as it amounts to the recovery of a fine Greek design 
 that was celebrated in antiquity, and proves to be 
 both beautiful and original, and that it must take 
 its place when published in all illustrations of the 
 History and Theory of Greek Architecture. Mr. 
 Pullan also brought home two fragments of the 
 sculptured frieze and an inscribed stele, which were 
 afterwards presented by the Society to the British 
 Museum. Thanks were returned to Mr. Crampton, 
 
xoo History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 the constructor of the Smyrna railway, and to Vice- 
 Consul Bruce for assistance given during these 
 excavations. In 1864 Mr. Pullan's candidature for 
 the post of Vice-Consul near Smyrna was supported 
 by an acknowledgement of his services to the Society 
 of Dilettanti. 
 
 The On May 5, 1 855, it was moved by Lord Houghton 
 
 smintheum. anc ] sec0 nded by Sir Charles Nicholson 
 
 £ That Mr. Pullan be invited to dine with the Society at the 
 meeting in June, for the purpose of communicating with them on 
 the proposed excavations of the Temples of Apollo Smintheus and 
 of Minerva at Priene ' — 
 
 on which an amendment was moved, and carried 
 by nine to three, that 
 
 c It is contrary to the custom of this Society to invite Strangers 
 to dinner V 
 
 The services of Mr. Pullan were, however, again 
 employed by the Society, and he was dispatched 
 to Asia Minor, the Foreign Office being requested 
 to obtain firmans and to assist Mr. Pullan in his 
 work. £5 00 was paid to Mr. Pullan for his work 
 in excavating the temple of Apollo Smintheus in 
 the Troad ; and in March, 18 58, he was authorized 
 to prepare drawings similar in scale and style to 
 those already prepared before by him of the temple 
 at Teos. In the report on their proceedings, the 
 Publication Committee stated that though, in conse- 
 quence of the great destruction of the marbles of the 
 Smintheum, the data for its restoration are not so 
 exact or so complete as the evidence obtained by 
 Mr. Pullan on the site of the temple at Teos, still the 
 results of his researches in the Troad are a valuable 
 contribution to the History of Greek Architecture. 
 Temple of As the materials collected at Teos and the Smin- 
 
 Prierte. 
 
 1 But see page 6j as to the admission of J. Russell, R.A. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti ioi 
 
 theum did not seem sufficient to compose a volume on 
 a scale with the previous publications of the Society, 
 on May 3, 1868, a further proposal was made with 
 regard to a renewed examination of the temple of 
 Athene Polias at Priene, Mr. Pullan being present 
 at the meeting. It was shown that the temple 
 had not been thoroughly investigated by the earlier 
 missions sent out by the Society. After some dis- 
 cussion at this and the next meetings, the Society 
 adopted the report of the Committee — 
 
 ' That the Secretary was authorized to accept Mr. Pullan's offer 
 of making a complete Survey & of carrying out the Excavations 
 at Priene on the same system as was adopted at Teos, within 
 a year from the present date and for the sum of £^00' 
 
 This work was completed in the spring of 1869, 
 and was assisted by a donation of ^200 from an 
 anonymous lover of Art. On Mr. Pullan's return 
 he was requested to prepare drawings similar to 
 those made for the temple at Teos and the Smin- 
 theum. The Society were also, through Mr. Pullan's 
 agency, enabled to obtain a number of marbles and 
 inscriptions from Priene, which were safely conveyed 
 to England, and in March, 1870, presented by the 
 Society to the British Museum. From a report 
 made by Mr. Clarke of Sokoi, who visited the ruins 
 at Priene and had assisted Mr. Pullan throughout, 
 great destruction took place at the temple after 
 Mr. Pullan's departure, so that the removal of these 
 marbles may be credited to the Society of Dilettanti. 
 
 In May, 1870, the Publication Committee, which « Ionian 
 then consisted of Earl Somers, Lord Houghton, Antiquities; 
 Mr. Watkiss Lloyd, Mr. Penrose, Mr. Cartwright, v0 ' iv ' 
 Mr. Frederic Leighton, R.A., and Mr. C. T. Newton, 
 carefully considered the drawings made by Mr. 
 Pullan, and other details, and finally recommended 
 
xoi History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 their publication in a style worthy of the earlier 
 volumes of the Ionian Antiquities. Mr. Leighton 
 further offered to redraw the sculpture or some of 
 the friezes, and Lord Somers to prepare the land- 
 scape illustrations. Considerable difficulties, however, 
 presented themselves to the Society. They had 
 expended nearly all their available funds on Mr. 
 Pullan's missions, so that the ordinary funds of the 
 Society were insufficient to defray the cost of 
 publication. An extra subscription, such as the 
 former Ionian subscriptions, was unpalatable to 
 the members, and likely to prove injurious to the 
 Society's vitality. The state of the engravers' pro- 
 fession in England at this date rendered it difficult 
 to find artists as excellent, laborious, and accurate 
 in their work as those who had been engaged on 
 the previous publications of the Society. Such 
 work was only to be obtained in France, and the 
 convulsions in that country, ensuing on the outbreak 
 of the Franco-German War in 1870, rendered it 
 impossible to place any work with security for 
 execution in Paris, where alone at that date could 
 engravers be found on whom reliance could be 
 placed for accurate and intelligent work. 
 Time and In July, 1 8 74> tne Publication Committee presented 
 mode of a re p 0 rt, in which they estimated the cost of pro- 
 
 publication. j • i j j • c i i • 
 
 t ducing one hundred copies or a volume, equal in 
 
 bulk to the first volume of the Ionian Antiquities, 
 at £810. It was not found possible, however, to 
 raise the necessary funds, so on April 4, 1875-, a 
 special minute was drawn up, printed and circulated 
 among the members, calling their attention to the 
 danger of abandoning the publication in question, 
 after expending nearly £2,000 in obtaining the 
 drawings and letterpress. A special subscription was 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 203 
 
 therefore invited, and Sir Frederic Leighton was 
 unremitting in his efforts to secure the execution of 
 the work of engraving and publication in a manner 
 consonant with the honour and dignity of the 
 Society, and at the same time at the most reasonable 
 expense. Sufficient response was made to this appeal 
 to enable the work in question to be put in hand, and 
 on February 1, 1877, it was announced that the work 
 had been entrusted to M. le Chevalier Chevignard 
 of Paris, and had actually been commenced. In 
 April, 1879, tne Publication Committee, represented 
 by Mr. James Fergusson, Mr. Watkiss Lloyd, Mr. 
 Knight Watson, Mr. Penrose, and Sir Frederick 
 Pollock, reported to the Society that the whole of 
 the artistic work had been brought to completion in 
 Paris, the plates having been engraved by M. Pennei 
 under the superintendence of M. le Chevalier Chevi- 
 gnard, and that the letterpress alone remained for 
 completion. Over £600 had been subscribed by 
 members of the Society, but a further sum was 
 needed. In February, 1880, the Committee reported 
 great progress with the completion of the letterpress, 
 and that negotiations had been commenced with 
 Messrs. Macmillan & Co., who were willing to 
 undertake the publication of the work. On June 
 28, 188 1, the Committee were enabled to announce 
 that the work had been completed and arrangements 
 made for its publication. The final expenses were 
 assisted by a generous gift from Mr. Ruskin, and 
 by the sale of the remaining stock of the Society's 
 previous publications. Each member received a 
 copy gratis, and each of the thirty subscribers to 
 the special fund a second copy, if applied for ; 
 additional copies were to be supplied to future 
 members at two guineas, and the price to the 
 
10^ History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 general public through Messrs. Macmillan & Co. 
 to be three and a half guineas. Copies were 
 presented to the Royal Institution, in whose rooms 
 the Publication Committee had been allowed to 
 meet, the Institut des Beaux Arts at Paris, the 
 French and German Schools of Archaeology at 
 Athens, the Istituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica 
 at Rome, and the Department of Antiquities in the 
 British Museum. Also to Mr. Ruskin, Baron Heath 
 the younger, M. le Chevalier Chevignard, Mr. Clarke 
 of Sokoi near Smyrna (who had presented to the 
 Society a valuable coin of Orofernes, King of 
 Cappadocia, found on the site at Priene), to Mr. 
 Falkener, architect, who had prepared a careful 
 plan of the site of the temple at Priene, to Mr. 
 Pullan, and to M. Waddington of Paris. 
 Penrose's In June, 1 88 3, it was proposed to reprint Mr. 
 'Athenian Penrose's treatise on The Principles of Athenian 
 twi s new Architecture^ and Mr. Penrose undertook to revisit 
 edition. Athens in order to obtain fresh material. In 
 addition to the new Theory of Proportion advanced 
 by Mr. Watkiss Lloyd and adopted by Mr. Penrose, 
 successive visits of Mr. Penrose to Athens produced 
 so much fresh material for the revision of the work 
 that it was not until May, 1887, that the Publication 
 Committee were in a position to report to the Society 
 that Messrs. Macmillan had the material in hand for 
 publication, and to invite fresh special subscriptions 
 to derray the expense of the work. This was 
 readily responded to, and Mr. Penrose was able 
 to lay a specimen copy of the new edition of his 
 work on the table at the meeting of the Society on 
 July 1, 1888, although it was some time before the 
 Society's account with Messrs. Macmillan for the 
 expenses of publication could be defrayed. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 205- 
 
 While engaged on the two publications in question, Appeals 
 the Society found it impossible to respond to various f rom . 
 appeals made to their generosity in furtherance of JJJjJJJ!,. 
 schemes in which they took a deep and genuine Temple of 
 interest. One of these, which seriously engaged Ephesus-, 
 the attention of the Society, was the important and ^ 0 f at 
 valuable series of excavations carried out by Mr. Athens. 
 J. Turtle Wood on the site of the temple of Diana 
 at Ephesus in 1869-72. In the latter year the Pub- 
 lication Committee circulated a report on this subject, 
 but in view of the limited resources of the Society 
 they were unable to do more than address a memorial 
 to Her Majesty's Government in favour of a further 
 resumption and support of Mr. Wood's work. 
 Another important scheme, the origin of which 
 may fairly be attributed to the past influence of 
 the work done by the Society of Dilettanti, was 
 the establishment of the British School of Archaeo- 
 logy at Athens in 1883. On July 1 of that year 
 the Secretary reported that he had been invited 
 to attend the meeting held at Marlborough House, 
 under the Presidency of the Prince of Wales, on 
 June 25-, to promote the establishment of a British 
 School of Art and Archaeology at Athens, and it 
 was resolved 
 
 'That the Society cordially welcomes the announcement of 
 a scheme for a permanent institution on the soil of Greece for 
 the promotion of objects so entirely in harmony with the best 
 work and traditions of the Dilettanti Society.' 
 
 In June, 188 in response to an appeal from the 
 British School at Athens for the assistance of the 
 Dilettanti Society, the Society was compelled to 
 resolve 
 
 'That the Secretary be desired to express, in reply, the deep 
 interest taken by the members of the Dilettanti Society in the 
 success of the new institution of the British School of Archaeology 
 
zo6 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 at Athens, in promoting the same objects as those for which the 
 Dilettanti Society has so long been at work, and their regret, 
 that for the present they are unable to undertake to offer any 
 pecuniary support, the funds at their disposal being required for 
 the preparation of the new edition of Mr. Penrose's Athenian 
 Architecture^ upon which the Society is now engaged.' 
 
 changes and The new edition, therefore, of Mr. Penrose's work 
 removals remains the last work which, in this 1 6 3 rd year of 
 smce 1 . J j ie 5 oc j et y? s existence, it has been able to carry 
 through. The years succeeding its publication have 
 been years of unsettlement and change, both in 
 regard to the officers having charge of the Society's 
 affairs and to the places appointed for its meeting. 
 In the spring of 1888 Sir Frederick Pollock was 
 disabled by ill health, and died about Christmas 
 in the same year; Mr. Watkiss Lloyd officiating 
 temporarily as Secretary and Treasurer in his place 
 until March, 1889, when the Earl of Strafford was 
 formally elected to those offices. Resigning in 
 February, 1891, Lord Strafford was succeeded by 
 Mr. Sidney Colvin, who held the double office alone 
 until March, 1893, and afterwards in conjunction with 
 Mr. E.H. Pember, Q£., until February, 1896; when 
 Mr. Colvin resigned, and Lord Welby was appointed 
 joint Secretary and Treasurer with Mr. Pember. At 
 the beginning of these changes, in 1889, the well- 
 known establishment known as 'Willis's Rooms' 
 was closed, the building soon afterwards changing 
 ownership, as above narrated ; and the Dilettanti 
 were obliged to look for quarters elsewhere. In 
 February, 1890, their meeting was held at Limmers' 
 Hotel, and subsequently for upwards of three 
 years they met at the Grand Hotel. Various 
 places of meeting were suggested, Sir Charles Newton 
 generously offering the use of his house in Montague 
 Place, Bloomsbury. The pictures belonging to the 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 207 
 
 Society were, with the exception of the two great 
 groups by Sir Joshua Reynolds, deposited under the 
 care of one of the members, Sir William J. Farrer, 
 at 66 Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C. At last the erection 
 of the new Grafton Galleries in Grafton Street, 
 Bond Street, afforded the Dilettanti exactly the home 
 which they required, a large banqueting-room, con- 
 venient both for their meetings and the display of 
 their pictures, having been constructed in that 
 building. It was unanimously decided to make of 
 this their new home, and all the portraits belonging 
 to the Society were hung there, including the two 
 groups by Sir Joshua Reynolds ; a special vote of 
 thanks being passed to the trustees of the National 
 Gallery for the care which they had taken of 
 them. 
 
 Meanwhile the flow of new members has continued New 
 as usual. In 1889 was elected M. Waddington, members. 
 the Ambassador of France, who had been a Rugby 
 and Cambridge scholar before he elected to adopt 
 the French nationality, and was in later life a master 
 of archaeological and numismatic science ; as well as 
 Lord Savile, an English diplomatist who revived 
 the traditions of the eighteenth century by his love 
 of art and antiquities, and his prosecution of 
 excavations on Italian soil. In the same and the 
 next following years the public service sent Mr. 
 Spencer Walpole, Sir Ralph Thompson, Sir Nigel 
 Kingscote, Sir Colin Scott MoncrierF, Sir Charles 
 Fremantle, and Lord Loch ; the British Museum 
 furnished two new representatives in the persons of 
 its chief, Sir E. M. Thompson, and one of its family 
 trustees, Mr. George Cavendish Bentinck ; the Bench 
 and Bar contributed Sir Francis Jeune, Mr. Under- 
 down, and Mr. Darling, Q^C., now Judge ; the 
 
io8 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Discussions 
 and resolu- 
 tions. 
 
 Retrospect : 
 changed 
 
 Army, Sir Francis Grenfell ; the Navy, Sir Anthony 
 Hoskins ; the House of Commons, Sir Stafford 
 Northcote; Sir F. W. Burton was succeeded as 
 Painter to the Society by Sir E. J. Poynter, P.R.A., 
 and from the ranks of amateur artists and art-lovers 
 came Mr. Heseltine and Mr. Arthur Lucas; while 
 airs from the Alps, the Caucasus, and the Himalayas 
 were brought by two distinguished mountaineers 
 and explorers who are also lovers and students 
 of art, Sir Martin Conway and Mr. Douglas Fresh- 
 field. 
 
 The state of their income and the uncertainty of 
 their future have prevented the Dilettanti during 
 these last years from doing any active work. In 
 July, 1 89 1, a proposal was made to raise a fund to 
 aid the work of archaeological research at Salamis, 
 in the island of Cyprus, but without success. 
 In May, 1 891, Mr. Penrose reported to the Society 
 the result of further investigations made by him at 
 Athens, especially in regard to the ancient Heca- 
 tompedon; and in 1 8 $6 the Society displayed a proper 
 solicitude as to the effect of a somewhat alarming 
 earthquake at Athens. In 1894 the Dilettanti took 
 a prominent part in opposing the scheme for 
 effecting the barrage of the river Nile at Philae. 
 In the same year the Secretary was instructed, in 
 the name of the Society, to sign the memorial to 
 the Government of India on behalf of the better 
 preservation of the ancient buildings and historic 
 monuments of India. In June, 1895-, the Society 
 added what support they could to a renewed 
 appeal, destined this time to be successful, for State 
 assistance to the British School at Athens. 
 
 Such has been the past history of the Society of 
 Dilettanti, and such is its present position. In any 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 209 
 
 speculations as to its future, regard must be had to conditions of 
 the greatly changed conditions under which the tud~ 
 work of archaeological research is now carried on, * $u y ' 
 as compared with those which prevailed in the days 
 when the Dilettanti were its first pioneers. Foreign 
 nations, especially the German, in course of time 
 took up the cause of classical archaeology, and 
 carried on the scientific and speculative parts of 
 the pursuit, if not its practical and exploratory 
 parts, with more system and more enthusiasm than 
 the English. Partly the posthumous fame of 
 Winckelmann (who died in 1768), partly the 
 attractions of the Eternal City itself, together 
 with its importance as a diplomatic centre, caused 
 Rome to become the seat of a learned and culti- 
 vated cosmopolitan society, the members of which 
 devoted themselves enthusiastically to the revival of 
 the classic past in the light of antiquarian research. 
 This state of things continued through the last 
 quarter of the past and during a great part of the 
 present century. Winckelmann's immediate suc- 
 cessors, and the continuators of his work at Rome, 
 were the Italian Ennio Quirino Visconti and the 
 Dane Zoega, soon after whose death appeared 
 another Dane, the afore-mentioned Chevalier Brond- 
 sted. From among the group who in 1811-12, 
 with the young Cockerell in their company, ex- 
 plored the temples of Aegina and Bassae — Stackel- 
 berg, Ha Her, and Kestner — several took up their 
 residence for some time at Rome, and the last 
 named for many years held there the diplomatic 
 post of Hanoverian representative. The kingdom 
 of Prussia was represented at the Vatican by three 
 great scholars and historians successively, Wilhelm 
 von Humboldt, Niebuhr, and Bunsen, and about 
 
no History of the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 these the learned men of their country gathered. 
 Welcker, Gerhard, and Panofka were among the 
 more famous German scholars the greater part of 
 whose life-work was done at Rome. At the same 
 time the illustrious Bockh was strenuously con- 
 tending on behalf of a comprehensive or encyclo- 
 paedic method in the study of the classic past, 
 which should give the researches of the archaeologist 
 and the epigrapher their place beside those of the 
 literary critic, the philologist, and the historian. 
 The result of his teaching was shown in the con- 
 ception of classical learning formed by such men 
 as Carl Otfried Muller — cut off too soon in the 
 first ardour of his researches on Greek soil — and 
 a whole generation of scholars of similar aim 
 and breadth of grasp. In the second and third 
 quarters of the present century Graeco-Roman 
 archaeology and art history had become recognized 
 and vital branches of teaching in all the great 
 Universities of Germany. Notwithstanding the 
 fruitful initiative of the English Dilettanti, and 
 the acknowledged success of their practical ex- 
 plorations and publications, no such recognition 
 was for many years obtained for those studies in 
 England. With very rare exceptions, such as 
 that of Rose in the early and Donaldson in the 
 middle years of the century, the attention of our 
 great University scholars was for the most part 
 rigidly confined to literary materials, and to textual 
 and philological criticism. While every German 
 University of note had its active and often brilliant 
 school of classical archaeology, the subject was to 
 all intents and purposes ignored in the curriculum 
 and the class-lists at Oxford and Cambridge. The 
 only academical recognition which it obtained was 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 211 
 
 the foundation, in 185-1, of a meagrely paid chair 
 of general archaeology at Cambridge through the 
 gift of Mr. Disney. 
 
 Throughout this period — say roughly 183 0-1880 Decline of 
 — the Dilettanti and the British Museum were the clas " ca } 
 
 . ... i-i 11 1 1 j enthusiasm 
 
 only two institutions which practically kept the study - m England. 
 alive in this country ; and even among the former the 
 old zeal had to a great extent abated. The fashion 
 of forming private cabinets of antiques in town or 
 country houses had, as already noted, passed away, 
 and those collectors who from time to time joined 
 the ranks of the Society were almost exclusively 
 collectors of pictures. A wave, moreover, of Gothic 
 enthusiasm had succeeded the preceding wave of 
 classical enthusiasm among the most cultivated circles 
 in England. The influence of Pugin and his 
 followers, the influence of Ruskin and the Prae- 
 Raphaelites, told against the taste for Greek and 
 Roman art. Again, among persons really interested 
 in antiquarian explorations, the brilliant discoveries 
 of Sir Henry Layard and his coadjutors on the sites 
 of the ancient Assyrian civilization served for a while 
 to divert attention from Greece and Rome. Amidst 
 this general indifference of academic and cultivated 
 circles, the few Englishmen who kept the torch of 
 classical archaeology alight felt themselves for many 
 years to be working in isolation and with scant 
 encouragement. Such work as the Dilettanti, cor- 
 porately or in the person of individual members, 
 succeeded amid this general indifference in doing 
 for the cause, under the regime of Hamilton, 
 Ryan, and Pollock, has been above narrated. 
 
 Meantime the exertions of Bunsen, Gerhard, The 
 Kestner, and their friends and fellow-enthusiasts of <*rch«eo- 
 various nationalities at Rome, had succeeded in & 
 
 p 2 
 
xix History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 
 
 Institute of 
 Rome ; 
 various 
 foreign 
 schools at 
 Athens. 
 
 Revival of 
 the study in 
 England, 
 but in 
 another 
 shape. 
 
 founding and maintaining the famous Archaeological 
 Institute in that city. Since 1839, tne Y ear °^ i ts 
 foundation, that institute has remained the chief 
 centre for the study and publication of the monu- 
 ments of the classic past. It has had fluctuating 
 fortunes, first as a cosmopolitan society supported 
 entirely by the subscriptions of its members, then 
 for a considerable period assisted by a subvention 
 from the Prussian Government, and lastly, since the 
 war of 1 870-7 1, as a German imperial establishment j 
 and has supplied training and opportunity of study 
 to generations of European scholars. Other schools 
 of classical study have since been founded on the 
 soil of Greece itself : the French school of Athens in 
 1 847 — those of other countries much more recently ; 
 the German, as a branch of the Archaeological 
 Institute, soon after the Franco-German War ; then 
 the American ; and last of all, through private effort 
 powerfully supported by the Prince of Wales, the 
 English. 
 
 For it happened about twenty to fifteen years ago, 
 in the early eighties, that a change came over the 
 spirit of English academical scholarship. Partly 
 from a growing knowledge of the value of the work 
 done by continental and especially German archae- 
 ologists, partly through the efforts and the example 
 of individual scholars, among whom Newton stood 
 far the foremost, the claims of classical archaeology 
 and the history of art to their place among the other 
 classical disciplines began at last to be adequately 
 recognized in this country. The admission of the 
 study among the several branches of the highest 
 classical honour examination at Cambridge ; the 
 establishment at the same University of an adequate 
 museum of casts and an archaeological library, 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 213 
 
 followed by a similar provision on a more ex- 
 tended scale at Oxford ; the foundation of pro- 
 fessorships or readerships in the study at both 
 Universities ; the formation and prosperity of the 
 Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies ; 
 and finally the establishment by private effort and 
 initiative of an English school at Athens ; — all 
 these have been the signs and evidences of that 
 change of spirit to which we have referred. At 
 the opening of the Cambridge Museum of Classical 
 Archaeology in 1884, Sir Charles Newton, whose 
 career had been to some extent clouded by his sense 
 of isolation among the English scholars of his own race 
 and generation, uttered in welcome of such evidences 
 a touching Nunc Dimittis, which those who heard it 
 are not likely to have forgotten. The consequence 
 is that the study of classical art and antiquity at this 
 moment stands in one sense in a more flourishing 
 position in this country than it has ever occupied 
 before. But the new phase upon which the study 
 has now entered is essentially different from that 
 through which it was passing in the days when the 
 Dilettanti took the chief part in promoting it. 
 Classical art and antiquities were then a matter of 
 more or less amateur interest to every leisured and 
 cultivated gentleman. Now they are so no longer, 
 but have become, on the other hand, a matter of 
 special study and research to a not inconsiderable 
 number of well-trained scholars, both men and 
 women. The new societies and institutions for 
 classical research, whether continental or English, 
 have each their separate journal or organ of 
 publication, in which the progress of work and 
 discovery is recorded in a constantly increasing 
 number of special essays and memoirs, and illustrated 
 
xi4 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 at relatively small expense by one or other of the 
 various modern means of mechanical reproduction. 
 At the same time greater and more varied resources 
 are forthcoming than ever before for the work of 
 excavation and discovery. The German Government 
 with its great undertaking at Olympia, the French 
 with theirs at Delos and at Delphi, the Archaeo- 
 logical Society of Athens with its fruitful industry 
 in the city and neighbourhood, the American school, 
 and lastly our own school, which is the youngest 
 of all, and whose resources have most need of rein- 
 forcement, have all been diligently at work on Greek 
 soil j the foreign institutions disinterestedly so far as 
 concerns the acquisition of the objects found, since 
 export is forbidden by the new laws both of Greece 
 and Turkey, but with none the less gain to know- 
 ledge. 
 
 Part taken, Under these circumstances and amidst these 
 "tafon^b the a ^ terec ^ conditions, it is hardly to be supposed that 
 Dilettanti. tne Society of Dilettanti can maintain or assume 
 again its old lead along its old lines. Our narrative 
 has shown, indeed, that the progress of all these 
 changes has by no means found it idle or left it in 
 the cold. When the Archaeological Institute was 
 founded on cosmopolitan principles at Rome, the 
 secretary of its English section was W. R. Hamilton, 
 the Secretary also of the Dilettanti Society. When,, 
 nearly half a century later, a British school was at last 
 established at Athens, the initiative was largely 
 due to a famous scholar who is also a member of 
 the Dilettanti, Professor Jebb; moreover, the first 
 director for the school was found in the person of 
 the father of the Dilettanti, Mr. Penrose. The good 
 work done by the Society for so many years was 
 amply acknowledged by one of the leaders of 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 215- 
 
 classical archaeology in Germany, Professor Michaelis 
 of Strassburg, in the monumental volume on English 
 private collections of antiques which he published 
 in 1882 1 . In that volume, as well as in a series 
 of separate papers 2 , Professor Michaelis told as 
 much of the history of the Dilettanti as could be 
 gathered from the historical evidences and notices 
 of its activity without access to its private archives. 
 
 At the present juncture of the Society's history, it conclusion. 
 has seemed to the members desirable that a fuller 
 record of its past, alike from the social and personal 
 and from the antiquarian and working points of 
 view, should be drawn up from these archives, for 
 the information primarily of members, and in the 
 second place of so many of the general public as may 
 be found to take an interest in the subject. The 
 present narrative is the result of this decision. Let 
 it close with the ancient toast of the Society — esto 
 praeclara, esto perpetua : an aspiration which will 
 probably be fulfilled or otherwise in proportion 
 as the Society may find a way, under the altered 
 conditions above described, to persevere in pursuit 
 of the ideals expressed in two other of its traditional 
 mottoes, seria ludo and Grecian taste and roman 
 spirit. 
 
 1 Ancient Marbles in Great Britain^ described by Adolf Michaelis. 
 Translated from the German by C. A. M. Fennell, M.A. Cam- 
 bridge : University Press, 1881. 
 
 2 Zeitschrift fur bildende Kunst^vol. xiv. 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 Portraits of members: George IQiapton — Institution of 
 face-money — Knapton^s resignation — J. Stuart as 
 Painter to the Society — Stuart superseded in favour 
 of Reynolds — The two great portrait -groups — 
 Nathaniel Dance — Various resolutions as to portraits 
 — Death of Reynolds; Lawrence chosen successor — 
 Motion as to portrait of Sir J. Banks — "The 
 Reynolds groups: steps for their preservation — 
 "The groups engraved in mezzotint — Portrait of 
 Payne Kjiight — Lawrence on the question of fresh 
 portrait-groups — Portraits and face-money : various 
 orders — Portraits of Lord Dundas and Benjamin West 
 — Lawrence succeeded by Shee — Portrait of Morritt 
 — Inquiries into state of pictures — Shee succeeded 
 by Eastlake — Proposed series of engravings — Ap- 
 plications for loan of pictures: Manchester, South 
 Kensington, National Gallery, &c. — Eastlake succeeded 
 by Leighton — Portraits of Lord Broughton and Sir 
 Edward Rjyan — Successive Painters to the Society: 
 Sir F. W. Burton and Sir Edward Poynter — 
 Further loans of pictures — Last portraits: Mr. Watkiss 
 Lloyd, Lord Leighton, Mr. Sidney Colvin. 
 
 Portraits of TV T O history of the Society of Dilettanti would 
 members : ^ Q com pl e t e without some descriptive notice 
 
 Knapton. ^ of the interesting collection which it pos- 
 
 sesses of portraits of members from its foundation 
 to the present day. On January 4, 174I, it was 
 ordered (as already quoted, p. 64) 
 
 ' That every member of the Society do make a present of his 
 Picture in Oil Colours drawn by Mr. Geo. Knapton, a member, to 
 be hung up in the Room where the said Society meets.' 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 117 
 
 Mr. Knapton, a painter both in oils and crayons of 
 some merit, is best known to posterity through his 
 part in preparing, from various sources, the drawings 
 from which Houbraken produced the famous series 
 of engravings published in Birch's British Worthies. 
 In early life he had resided for some time in 
 Italy, whence he sent home an account of the then 
 newly discovered remains of Herculaneum. He was 
 an original member of the Dilettanti, and was 
 appointed Painter to the Society. The order above 
 quoted was at once responded to by some of the 
 original members. It is in accordance with a taste 
 in portraiture common in the previous generation, 
 and not yet extinct at the date of this order — it 
 is also in keeping with the festive and jocose nature 
 of the Society's proceedings — that the early por- 
 traits of its members are all in fancy dress, with 
 accessories of a more or less emblematical character. 
 In 1 74 1 Knapton painted the portraits of Sir 
 James Gray, the Earl of Middlesex, Mr. Howe, and 
 Lord Hyde. These gentlemen are, as all those 
 painted by Knapton in this series, shown in life size 
 to the waist. Sir James Gray is represented as 
 Don Quixote de la Mancha ; Middlesex as a Roman 
 consul returning from a campaign ; Mr. Howe, 
 perhaps as a magician, pours wine from a vessel 
 shaped as a terrestrial globe; Lord Hyde holds 
 a large glass inscribed res publica. In 1742 
 Knapton painted Sir Francis Dashwood, Mr. Harris, 
 and Sir Brownlow Sherard. Dashwood is repre- 
 sented as one of the sham Franciscan friars of 
 Medmenham Abbey, holding a goblet inscribed 
 matri sanctorum, in an attitude of devotion before 
 a figure of the Venus de' Medici ; the picture, the 
 motive of which is both indecorous and profane, is 
 
2i8 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 inscribed san Francesco de wycombo. A somewhat 
 similar portrait of Dash wood has been engraved 
 as from a painting by Hogarth. Mr. Harris, the 
 first Treasurer of the Society, holds in his hands the 
 first list of subscriptions towards erecting or pro- 
 curing a house for the more honourable and 
 commodious reception of the Society, signed Thomas 
 Watson, President, with the names of the subscribers 
 and the date Anno-Non. Soc. March 7,1741. Sir Brown- 
 low Sherard, in a green gown and grey cloak, has 
 no very defined accessories. In 1743 Knapton's 
 series was continued by the portraits of Mr. 
 Ponsonby, Mr. Fauquier, Mr. Sewallis Shirley, and 
 Lord Galway. Mr. Ponsonby (afterwards Earl of 
 Bessborough) is represented in oriental costume, 
 to denote his having travelled in the East; Mr. 
 Fauquier appears as a musician with an immense 
 black tie ; Sewallis Shirley holds the lid of a 
 casket, inscribed et vivatj Lord Galway is repre- 
 sented as a cardinal. In 1744 followed the por- 
 traits of Colonel Denny, as a Roman standard- 
 bearer ; Major-General Gray, as Secretary to the 
 Society, writing in the red morocco minute-book on a 
 page inscribed Soc. Dec. ; Mr. Savage in masquerade 
 costume ; and Sir Bourchier Wrey with a punch- 
 bowl, on which is the inscription dulce est desipere 
 in loco. All of these portraits are in kitcat size to 
 the waist. 
 
 Institution On February 3, 174^, it was 
 
 °f f ace - c Ordered nemine contradicente that every member of the 
 
 money. Society who has not had his Picture painted by Mr. Knapton, 
 
 by the meeting in February next year, shall pay One Guinea 
 per Annum till his Picture be deliver'd to the Society, unless 
 Mr. Knapton declares that it was owing to his want of time to 
 finish the same.' 
 
 This annual payment became known as c face-money,' 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 219 
 
 and soon became a regular annual subscription, 
 the custom of paying it in lieu of having a por- 
 trait painted being continued up to the year 1809. 
 An attempt to abolish the tax as oppressive was made 
 in 1 7 8 1 , but failed. Face-money was escaped in 
 1745- by Viscount Barrington, Sir John Rawdon 
 (afterwards Earl of Moira), and the Earl of Sandwich, 
 who all three sat to Knapton in that year. Bar- 
 rington appears in classical costume with a dagger 
 and a spear, Rawdon in furred robe, and Sandwich 
 in oriental costume, with rapt gaze fixed upon his 
 wine-glass. In 1747 the Duke of Bedford, who 
 had twice been mulcted for face-money, was painted 
 in scarlet uniform with the Order of the Garter ; 
 and in the same year the Earl of Blessington, 
 playing a guitar. In 1748 Mr. Brand, who had 
 paid face-money twice, was painted by Knapton ; 
 and in 1749 tne Earl of Holdernesse, who paid 
 face-money once, was also painted by Knapton, 
 appearing as a gondolier, in allusion to his services 
 as British Envoy to the Signory of Venice. One 
 portrait, that of Baron Hochberg (or Hohberg), 
 who was painted by Knapton as a flute-player, 
 bears no date. Among the earliest members to pay 
 face-money, whose portraits were never painted, were 
 Mr. Boyle, Mr. Bristow, Mr. Colebrooke, Mr. Boone, 
 the Duke of Kingston, Mr. Welbore Ellis, Mr. 
 Archer, Mr. Norborne Berkeley, Mr. Ross Mackye, 
 Sir Henry Liddell, and Sir Henry Calthorpe. 
 
 On February 6 y 1 7 6 3 , it was ordered Knapton s 
 
 'That Mr. Knapton having signified his Resignation of the resignation. 
 office of Painter to the Society, the said Resignation be accepted.' 
 
 Mr. Knapton was then about sixty-five years of age. 
 At the same time it is recorded that 
 
 c A motion being made and the Question being put that James 
 
no History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Stuart Esq. F.R.S., F.S.A., be appointed Painter to the Society 
 in the room of Mr. Knapton, with the usual Sallary. It passed in 
 the affirmative nem. con.' 
 
 J. Stuart as James Stuart, although he had practised as a 
 Painter to painter, was better known for his work in the 
 t e oaety. Q £ Q ree k archaeology, as recorded above in 
 
 Chapter IV. On May i, 1763, it was ordered 
 
 'That Mr. Dawkins be requested to sit for his Picture to 
 Mr. Stuart the Painter of the Society at their expense/ 
 
 and also that 
 
 ' Mr. Dawkins be desired to Permit the Picture of his Brother 
 to be Copy'd by the Painter of the Society.' 
 
 These orders were never carried out, for in April, 
 1766, it was ordered 
 
 ' That the Secretary be desired to speak to Mr. Stewart the 
 present Painter of the Society to know if He will undertake to 
 paint the Portraits of such Members who have not already given 
 their Pictures to the Society, and to Report his answer at the 
 next meeting ; and to acquaint Mr. Stewart that if he declines it, 
 the Society will give leave to the members to present their 
 Pictures painted by any other Painter, or pay a guinea a year to 
 the General Fund for the article of Face-Money.' 
 
 At the next meeting in May, 1766, 
 
 £ Mr. Stewart, the Painter of the Society, being present declared 
 that He was ready to Paint the Portraits of those members that 
 chose to sett to him.' 
 
 It was also on this date ordered afresh that 
 
 £ All such Members as have not their Pictures finish'd by the 
 meeting in Febr. next do pay one guinea to the General Fund 
 and that they continue to pay the same annualy until they present 
 the Pictures to the Society,' 
 
 and also that 
 
 'The Painter of the Society be desired to Paint the pictures 
 of Mr. Harry Dawkins & to copy the picture of the late Mr. 
 James Dawkins as ruled in the meeting in May, Ann. Soc. Trig™ 0 .' 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti zzi 
 
 No result was, however, obtained from Mr. Stuart. 
 Either he could not, or would not, paint the portraits 
 in question, or the members would not sit to him, for 
 on December 7, 1766, it was ordered 
 
 6 That the names of those Members who have been already 
 painted be wrote on their Respective Pictures to be referred to 
 the Committee.' 
 
 On January 17, 1768, it was ordered 
 
 £ That the officient Secretary do write the following Letter to 
 Mr. Stewart, Painter to the Society : — 
 
 £ S*, at the next meeting of the Society viz*. 7th Feb y . when 
 the Tax is to be paid by the Members, whose pictures have not 
 been painted, You are desired by the Society to give an account 
 by letter of the pictures of the two Mr. Dawkins's of which you 
 was ordered to paint in May 1763, as yet painted, with any very 
 forwardness, in order that the Members may judge whether they 
 shall sett to you or any other Painter for their Pictures.' 
 
 Nothing, however, in the way of portraits could be Stuart super - 
 extracted from Stuart, so on his declining to comply a&d ** 
 with the demand of the Society, they in March, ^wjf 
 1769, declared Mr. (afterwards Sir Joshua) Reynolds 
 to be Painter to the Society. The Society, however, 
 tried to get Stuart at least to paint his own por- 
 trait, for in December, 1776, it was ordered 
 
 c Mr. Stewart to pay the forfeit if he does not present his Picture 
 to the Society before this day six months.' 
 
 The portrait was, however, never painted. Rey- 
 nolds was proposed by Lord Charlemont, and elected 
 a member of the Society in May, 1766. There 
 is no record of his having paid face-money, so 
 that it is very probable that he presented his own 
 portrait on becoming a member of the Society, as the 
 portrait is dated in that year. 
 
 In January, 1777, Lord Carmarthen, Lord Sea- The two 
 forth, Mr. G. Pitt, and Mr. Banks great por- 
 
 trait-groups. 
 
 c Agreed to set for their Pictures to Sir Jos. Reynolds for the 
 
xxx History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Dilettanti Soc. either separately or in a group, the size to be at 
 Sir Jos. Reynolds' option/ 
 
 There is no record in the minute-books of the 
 Society of the decision come to by the painter to 
 paint the members of the Society, who were willing 
 to sit, in two groups, the next mention being in 
 December, 1778, when it was ordered 
 
 < That the Secretary do write to the Painter of the Society to 
 attend the next meeting to shew cause why he should not be 
 punish' d for having neglected so long to finish the two groups 
 which he undertook to do and several members to suffer to be done.' 
 
 In the account-books of Sir Joshua Reynolds for 
 this period the names occur as sitters of the various 
 persons represented in the two groups, and the 
 pictures were completed in 1779. On January 26 , 
 1783, it was recorded that 
 
 c The Sec. having produced a Bill delivered to him by the 
 executors of Mr. Vials deceased for Frames of the Groups painted 
 by S r Joshua Reynolds & presented to this Soc. amounting to 
 £ifTL 8j od. Resolved that as no instance occurs in the Records of 
 the Dill. Soc. of their paying for Frames of Pictures presented to 
 them the gentlemen subjects of the said groups do pay for the 
 Frames & that the executors of the said Mr. Thos. Vials be 
 referred to S r Joshua Reynolds Painter to the Soc. by whose order 
 the Frames was made, whose duty it is to collect the requisite 
 money for the said gentlemen & pay it to them, etc. etc. 1 ' 
 
 1 The bill in question is interesting and is as follows : — 
 The Hon. Gentlemen of the Dilettanti Society's Bill to the 
 Executors of the Late Mr. Viall, Carver. 
 
 1780, March 1 2 — To two large (bold) burnished gold ^ -' ^' 
 frames, carved with antique eggs, ribbon and 
 water leaf outside, with a scrolling fluted frett, 
 rich ornament tops, with shield and palm 
 branches, for pictures painted by Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds . . . . . . . 4.2 o o 
 
 To self and three men to fix up the two pictures 
 
 over the chimnies ...... 80 
 
 £\t. 8 o 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti xx^ 
 
 These two well-known groups are among the most 
 remarkable works of England's great portrait- 
 painter, being characterized not only by skilful 
 grouping, but by the most vivacious and character- 
 istic portraiture. In each group seven members of 
 the Dilettanti are represented seated at the festive 
 board, and to the joviality of the scene are added 
 the distinctive signs of connoisseurship in virtu. 
 In one group the members represented are Sir 
 Watkin Williams-Wynn, Bart., Mr. Smyth of 
 Heath (elected in 1775-), Sir John Taylor, Bart., Mr. 
 W. Spencer-Stanhope, Mr. Stephen Payne-Gallwey, 
 Mr. Richard Thompson (elected in 1776), and 
 Sir William Hamilton, K.B. (elected in 1777). Sir 
 William Hamilton is seated at the table with a 
 Greek vase and open volume, and the others are 
 grouped round him drinking wine. In the other 
 group appear the Earl of Seaforth (elected in 1741), 
 Mr. Crowle and Mr. Thomas Dundas (elected in 1 764), 
 Sir Joseph Banks, the Marquess of Carmarthen, the 
 Hon. Charles Greville, and Lord Mulgrave (all elected 
 in 1774 or the following year). The charge to each 
 of these gentlemen was £1 y each, as appears from an 
 application made in January, 1 7 9 o, by Mr. Thomas 
 Grenville, on behalf of Lady Wynn, for leave to have 
 a copy made of the portrait of the late Sir Watkin 
 Williams-Wynn in the group, which was granted, 
 but the painter was ordered not to remove the 
 group till he was ready to begin his copy, or 
 keep it after the copy was finished, because it 
 cost 245- guineas. On March 2, 1777, it was 
 ordered 
 
 ' That the Portraits belonging to the Society be cleaned and the 
 Frames new gilt, and that S r J. Reynolds be desired to appoint 
 a proper Person or Persons to do the same/ 
 
224 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Nathaniel In February, 1777, Mr. Nathaniel Dance, R.A. 
 
 Dance. (afterwards Sir N. Dance-Holland, Bart.), was elected 
 a member. It has rarely been the custom of the 
 Society to elect more than one professional painter 
 as a member, but Mr. Dance had in 1776 retired 
 from professional life on inheriting a fortune. In 
 March, 1777, it was ordered 
 
 e That Mr. Dance have permission to present the Society with 
 his own Picture painted by Himself, Sir J. Reynolds Painter to the 
 Society having waved His right to paint the same/ 
 
 On May 2, 1782, 
 
 £ Mr. Dance, who was elected in Feb. 1777, having asked 
 a further indulgence in regard to his Picture the Soc. ordered that 
 he be excused the payment of his face-money till the first meeting 
 of the next year when if he does not deliver it to the Soc. the 
 utmost rigor of the law is to be inflicted upon him.' 
 
 The portrait was, however, not completed at the 
 
 time of Dance's abdication in 1784. 
 Various It was some years before another portrait was 
 
 resolutions added to the collection, although attempts were 
 trJts^" ma( ^ e to ODtam more portraits by Sir Joshua 
 
 Reynolds. In March, 1785-, the Society agreed 
 
 c To return to Lord Wentworth the guinea, which he has this 
 day paid as face -money, provided he does before the next call 
 present to them his Lordship's picture painted by one of the liege 
 painters of the Society.' 
 
 The portrait was never received. In May, 1787, it 
 was ordered 
 
 c That no picture be in future removed from the meeting-room 
 of the Society without an order First obtained by the vote of 
 a regular Meeting thereof, and that the Painter of the Society be 
 required to repair the Damages the Group of his Painting has 
 suffered in consequence of being removed from thence by his order 
 signified in writing to Mr. Hunt, and entrusted into the possession 
 of an engraver, & that a copy of this order be sent to the Painter.' 
 
 In March, 1788, the Duke of Norfolk gave notice 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 that he intended to be painted for the Society in 
 a group j Mr. Knight and Mr. Townley volunteered 
 to accompany his Grace. All agreed that the 
 numbers admitted should not exceed five. The 
 group, however, was never accomplished, so busy 
 a painter as Sir Joshua Reynolds having probably 
 no longer any time to spare for a work on this scale. 
 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds, President of the Royal Death of 
 Academy, died in 1792. On April 1 it is recorded Reynolds } 
 
 .1 A Lawrence 
 
 that chosen 
 
 'Mr. Lawrence Proposed by Mr. Knight 6c seconded by S r Jos. successor. 
 Banks as Painter to the Society in the Room of our worthy 
 member Deceased S r Joshua Reynolds was put to the Ballot & 
 elected unanimously. 
 
 'Mr. Lawrence Painter to the Society was then Proposed as 
 a member thereof by Mr. Knight & seconded by the Duke of 
 Norfolk— Elected.' 
 
 In April, 1793, a motion was made and seconded Motion as to 
 
 « That the Sec. do set for his Picture for & at the expense of portrait of 
 
 the Soc ' s,r J' 
 
 Banks. 
 
 which was carried, and 
 
 'That a sum not exceeding 70 guineas be expended in the said 
 Picture.' 
 
 In response to this request to Sir Joseph Banks, at 
 the following meeting in May, 
 
 ' At the Particular request of the Sec. who tho' gratefull in the 
 highest degree for the honor intended him express' d the utmost 
 possible disinclination to every kind of alienation of the General 
 Fund from the purposes to which it has originally been destined, 
 & in consideration of the Society being already in Possession of 
 a Picture of him painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds, the resolution 
 of the last meeting by which £70 was ordered to be disbursed for 
 another Picture of him out of the General Fund was tho' 
 reluctantly unanimously rescinded.' 
 
 In March, i8oy, the state of the two great groups T ^ e 
 by Sir Joshua Reynolds was found to be rather Reynolds 
 bad, and Mr. West, P.R.A., having inspected them i r0M t t: sie P s 
 
zx6 History of the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 by request, reported that they were in a state of 
 decay, menacing ruin, and that they required im- 
 mediate care for their preservation. A committee, 
 consisting of Mr. West, Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Dundas, 
 Mr. Henry Hope, Mr. Thomas Hope, Lord North- 
 wick, and Sir Henry Englefield, was appointed to 
 inspect the pictures and report at the next meeting 
 of the Society. A few days later West, Lawrence, 
 and Englefield inspected the pictures, and reported 
 that no time should be lost in repairing them, as 
 not only many parts were peeled, but many square 
 inches now adhering to the canvas were in a blistered 
 state, and could be detached by a slight shake 
 given to the pictures. Mr. West recommended the 
 employment of a Mr. Milles to repair the pictures 
 without removing them from Parslow's Tavern. 
 The Society, however, did not take any action in 
 the matter. In June, 1810, another committee, 
 consisting of the Duke of Somerset, Lord Dundas, 
 Earl Cowper, Lord Morpeth, Lord Selsey, Mr. 
 Metcalfe, Mr. Mitford, Mr. Williams, Mr. Hope, 
 Mr. Morritt, Mr. Knight, Dr. Burney, Mr. Dawkins, 
 Sir J. Coxe Hippisley, and Sir Henry Englefield, 
 resolved, if necessary, to put the two groups into 
 the hands of Mr. William Conyers, of Great Coram 
 Street, for repair. Mr. Conyers, however, reported 
 that in their bad condition relining would be im- 
 possible, and would only make them worse. It was 
 ordered in January, 18 n, that the pictures should 
 be delivered to Mr. Conyers for repair ; but this 
 does not appear to have been done, for the pictures 
 were still at Parslow's Tavern in the following 
 February, and were finally left there until the Society 
 transferred its quarters to the Thatched House 
 Tavern. In April, 18 n, the following members 
 
Group of Members of 
 THE SOCIETY OF DILETTANTI. 1779 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 2x7 
 
 were appointed a Committee of Painting to inspect 
 and remove the pictures belonging to the Society, 
 viz. the Earl of Hardwicke and Lord Selsey, Mr. 
 Thomas Hope, Mr. West, Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Wilkins, 
 and the Secretary. In May, 1812, this Committee 
 was empowered to consult with Mr. Rising as to the 
 state of the two groups. 
 
 Meanwhile a scheme had been proposed for The groups 
 preserving the pictures by engravings, and on engraved in 
 May 17, 18 12, Mr. Lawrence reported that Mr. mezzotmt - 
 Turner and Mr. Say were severally ready to execute 
 plates in mezzotint from the two groups by Sir 
 Joshua Reynolds belonging to the Society, the size 
 of the plates to be 23 inches by 16, and the plates 
 to be the absolute property of the Society, at the 
 price of 2^0 guineas each. It was resolved that it 
 was the opinion of the Committee that the pictures 
 should be delivered to Mr. Turner and Mr. Say 
 without delay for the purpose of engraving. It 
 does not appear that the pictures were at once 
 delivered over to the engravers, for in January, 
 18 1 3, the Society consented to lend the pictures 
 in their possession by Sir Joshua Reynolds to the 
 British Institution for an exhibition of that painter's 
 works. It was not until March, 18 17, that the 
 Secretary informed the Society that the plates 
 would be soon finished and the pictures returned, 
 and that finished proofs were laid before the 
 Society. It was then ordered by the Society that 
 the two pictures before being returned should be 
 placed in the hands of Mr. Bigg for cleaning, 
 which was done at a cost of sixty guineas. In April, 
 1 8 21, the two plates were finally finished, and after 
 some attempts to place them in a dealer's hands, the 
 Society decided to print 300 copies, 100 on India 
 
xi8 History of the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 Portrait of 
 
 Payne 
 
 Knight. 
 
 Laiorence 
 on the 
 question of 
 fresh 
 portrait- 
 groups. 
 
 paper for the use of the Society, and 200 to be 
 disposed of to the advantage of the Society, and 
 the plates then to be destroyed. Each member was 
 to receive a copy, and also the representatives of 
 the members portrayed in the groups. Members 
 were to be permitted to purchase additional copies, 
 not exceeding three, at thirty shillings each. Proofs 
 of each group were presented to the Fitzwilliam 
 Museum at Cambridge in May, 1822, and to the 
 National Gallery. 
 
 The next portrait acquired by the Society was 
 that of Mr. Richard Payne Knight, who paid face- 
 money for the last time in 1805-, and presented his 
 portrait painted by Lawrence in the same year. 
 
 The idea, however, of a further commemoration 
 of the Society by a great group of portraits was 
 again renewed in 1807, and a proposal made to 
 Mr. Lawrence upon the subject, in reference to which 
 he addressed the following letter to the Secretary : — 
 
 g m Greek Street, March 1809. 
 
 I take the liberty of addressing you on the subject of the 
 pictures which many of the Members of the Society of Dilettanti 
 appointed me to paint for them. 
 
 The pleasure of being so honourably distinguished by them, and 
 of being employed upon a work of magnitude, made me at the 
 time regardless of the disadvantages necessarily attending the 
 execution of so large a picture composed entirely of portraits. 
 These, however, appeared on reflection to present so many 
 obstacles to the completion of a work that should do justice to 
 the liberal intention of my employers, that on communicating 
 them to my earliest friends in the Society, it was determined to 
 propose for the consideration of the subscribing Members the 
 substituting in the place of that picture an historical composition, 
 appropriate in its subject to the first views of the Institution. 
 This proposal was accordingly mentioned to the Society by the 
 gentlemen to whose friendship I am indebted for my introduction 
 to it. The adoption of this measure, should it meet the con- 
 currence of its Members, must still entirely depend on the 
 approbation of such committee as might be appointed to form 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 2x9 
 
 some judgment of the work, from a sketch submitted to their 
 inspection ; and this I have not yet been enabled to prepare. 
 
 The gentlemen I have consulted on this occasion are acquainted 
 that the number of my present engagements compels me to 
 decline any new commissions. 
 
 The early claim, however, of the Members of this Society 
 forms an exception to this rule, and I shall therefore be proud and 
 happy to exert the utmost efforts of my pencil on any single 
 portraits they may command me to paint for them, at the fixed 
 price given me for my labours when the picture above mentioned 
 was first ordered. 
 
 I have the honour to be, &c, 
 
 Thomas Lawrence. 
 
 On the above date, when this letter was written Portraits 
 and read, it was ordered that a committee do meet and face- 
 on Sunday, March 20, for considering the business ^° a "^ u ' s 
 of portraits, and that the same be an open com- orders. 
 mittee, and that all who attend have voices. The 
 committee resolved that the Treasurer should not 
 collect any face-money due from members previous 
 to March, 1809, but that after that date the tax 
 should be exacted as before l . On May 17, 18 12, at 
 an open committee of the Society, Lord Dundas in 
 the chair, it was resolved 
 
 4 That the Secretary [Sir Henry C. Englefield] is commanded, 
 with all possible expedition, to put his face into the most picturesque 
 order in his power, and as soon as he shall have succeeded in this 
 great and difficult work, to present himself to Mr. Lawrence, the 
 Painter to the Society, to the end that a Portrait of the said 
 Secretary be painted with all speed by him for the use of the Society. 
 
 ' N.B. — The Father of the Society ordered that, instead of the 
 word use, the word ornament be inserted in the Motion — Ordered 
 nem. con. 5 
 
 The portrait of Englefield was completed by Law- 
 rence, and bears the date of 1812. At the same 
 meeting in May, 1812, it was resolved also 
 
 1 It does not appear that face-money was collected after this date, 
 although there seems to be no minute recording the actual abolition 
 of the tax. 
 
xgo History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 'That the Painter to the Society be requested and enjoined 
 forthwith to paint, for the ornament of the Society, his own 
 portrait/ 
 
 This command, however, also remained unfulfilled, 
 as was also the order on June 7, 1 8 1 2, 
 
 'That the Duke of Norfolk be requested to present to the 
 Society without delay his portrait by the Painter to the Society, 
 in the robes of Arch-Master of the Ceremonies.' 
 
 A similar want of success attended the order of 
 the Society on February <5, 18 14, 
 
 'That the Secretary do direct Mr. Lawrence, Painter to the 
 Society, forthwith to paint the picture of Mr. Gell at the expense 
 of the Society, and that the picture, when finished, be hung up in 
 the room of the Society.' 
 
 Portraits of The Society was more fortunate in June, 1817, 
 L,ord , , when it was resolved 
 
 Dundas and 
 
 Benjamin c That the Secretary do write to Sir Thomas Lawrence re- 
 West. questing him to finish the picture of our venerable father, Lord 
 
 Dundas, if possible previous to the next meeting.' 
 
 This picture was completed by Sir Thomas Lawrence 
 in the same year. In 18 21, after the death of Lord 
 Dundas, permission was given to the second Lord 
 Dundas to have an engraving taken of it, and in 1822 
 Sir Robert Dundas was allowed to have a copy of 
 it made by Sir Thomas Lawrence. Lord Dundas 
 had figured previously in one of the groups painted 
 by Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1778, nearly forty years 
 before. On April 26, 18 18, Mr. Benjamin West, 
 P.R.A., presented a portrait he had just painted of 
 himself. He had been elected an ordinary member 
 in 1792, and addressed a letter to the Secretary as 
 follows : — 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Having the honour of being a Member of the Society of 
 Dilettanti, and in conformity to one of its laws, which renders 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 231 
 
 it necessary for every one who claims that distinction to send 
 
 a portrait of himself to be therein deposited, I shall think myself 
 
 highly flattered by the noblemen and gentlemen, who are its 
 
 members, accepting the one painted by myself as President of 
 
 the Royal Academy of Arts in London, and which I trust will be 
 
 honoured by their approbation. 
 
 I shall take care that the picture is properly framed, before it is 
 
 placed in the collection ; and, as I have been solicited for two 
 
 portraits of myself, one to be placed in the Capitol at Rome, and 
 
 the other in the Gallery at Florence, I shall be obliged to you 
 
 to make known to the Members of the Society my request for the 
 
 indulgence of painting the two pictures from the one I now have 
 
 the honour of sending them, which I hope to do in the course of 
 
 next summer, after which the portrait shall be restored to the 
 
 Society of Dilettanti. Be so good to make my best respects to its 
 
 Members. „ 
 
 Benjamin West. 
 
 The unanimous thanks of the Society were voted 
 to Mr. West upon the same day. Mr. West abdi- 
 cated in 1819, on account of increasing age and 
 infirmity, but was desired to remain a honorary 
 member. He died in 1820, and was succeeded in 
 the Presidency of the Royal Academy by Sir 
 Thomas Lawrence. 
 
 In May, 1822, another attempt was made to secure Lawrence 
 a portrait of Sir Thomas Lawrence, who had now succeeded by 
 become Secretary to the Society, he being, on the shee ' 
 motion of Mr. Wilkins, directed 
 
 c To obey the commands formerly issued to him as their Painter 
 to paint his own Portrait for the Society, additionally ordering 
 him to paint it in the Secretary's dress.' 
 
 This command, however, like the previous one, 
 remained unfulfilled. Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A., 
 died in 1829, and was succeeded as President of the 
 Royal Academy by Sir Martin Archer Shee, R.A., 
 who also succeeded him as Painter to the Society of 
 Dilettanti, of which he was elected a member in 
 July, 1830. 
 
i^t History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Portrait of On May i, 1 8 3 1, it was resolved 
 
 Morntt. e That Sir Martin Archer Shee, Pres. R.A., be commanded by 
 
 the Society to paint the Portrait of Mr. Morntt, Arch-Master of 
 the Ceremonies to this Society, in the long crimson taffety- 
 tasselled robe of that great and most respectable officer, and that 
 a copy of this Resolution be forwarded by the Secretary to 
 Sir M A. Shee for his information and guidance.' 
 
 Sir Martin Shee faithfully obeyed these instruc- 
 tions, and completed the portrait, a very fine and 
 characteristic one, in 1832. The Society had in- 
 tended to defray the cost of the portrait, for which 
 Sir M. A. Shee at first declined payment, out of the 
 General Fund ; but Mr. Morritt himself insisted 
 upon paying the painter, in which the Society, not 
 choosing to decline his generosity, somewhat re- 
 luctantly acquiesced. It was ordered that the 
 portrait of Mr. Morritt should be engraved in 
 mezzotint, but this order was never carried out, and 
 the picture, which is one of the finest Shee ever 
 painted, is reproduced for the first time in the present 
 volume (p. 146). 
 inquiries In 1 8 3 9 the state of the two groups by Sir 
 into state of Joshua Reynolds again called for attention, and 
 pictures. j n consequence of the report of Sir M. A. Shee, 
 the Society decided in February, 1840, to place 
 them in the hands of Mr. Seguier, the picture- 
 restorer then most in vogue, for repair. They 
 remained in Mr. Seguier's custody during 1841 and 
 1842, while the quarters of the Society were trans- 
 ferred to the premises occupied by the Albion 
 Club, and were returned in February, 1842. In 
 May, 185-0, the state of one of the aforesaid groups 
 again gave cause for anxiety, and it was decided 
 in February, 185-1, that the two pictures should 
 be protected by plate glass. 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 133 
 
 Sir Martin Archer Shee, P.R.A., resigned his shee 
 membership of the Society in July, 1845-. He was succeeded ty 
 succeeded in the Presidency of the Royal Aca- East ake ' 
 demy by Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, who was also 
 elected to be a member of the Society, and its 
 official Painter, in June, 1848. In 18 do a further 
 inquiry was made into the state of the pictures, 
 and the whole collection was entrusted in this and 
 the following years to Mr. John Dujardin, junior, 
 by whom they were .relined, covered with plate 
 glass, and the frames regilt, prior to the re- 
 arrangement and rehanging of the portraits in the 
 Society's new room at Willis's Rooms in King Street, 
 St. James's. 
 
 In 185-; a project was started for reproducing Proposed 
 by some process of engraving the whole of the serm °f 
 Society's collection of portraits. Sir Richard West- en z rav - n &' 
 macott, R.A., communicated with Mr. George Scharf, 
 junior (afterwards Director of the National Por- 
 trait Gallery), and received from him an estimate 
 of the cost of engraving the thirty-one portraits 
 in question on wood. The cost, however, was 
 probably the reason which deterred the Society 
 from proceeding in the matter. 
 
 In February, 1877, an application was received Applications 
 from Mr. Peter Cunningham, the manager of the fa ' 0 "* 0 / 
 Historical Section of the great Exhibition of Art Manchester, 
 Treasures at Manchester in that year, requesting South 
 the loan of the portraits belonging to the Society Kewwg^w, 
 for this exhibition - but, after some correspondence, Gallery &c. 
 the Society declined to accede to this request. 
 In April, 1867, the Society agreed to lend the 
 whole collection of portraits (except that of Lord 
 Broughton, not yet received) to the National 
 Exhibition of Portraits, held at South Kensington, 
 
1^4 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 in 1 8 68, on condition of their being kept together 
 in a separate room, and no photographs being 
 allowed to be taken of them. For this loan the 
 Dilettanti received the thanks of the Lords Com- 
 missioners of Education in February, 1869. In 
 the same year the Society received a request from 
 Sir William Boxall, Director of the National 
 Gallery, for a temporary loan of the two portrait- 
 groups by Sir Joshua Reynolds. The Society con- 
 sented to lend them from August 1, 18(59, to 
 January 31, 1870, during their recess. On the 
 latter date they were replaced in the room of 
 the Society by Sir William Boxall, who addressed 
 the following letter to the Secretary : — 
 
 National Gallery 
 
 a8 Jan., 1870. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 On behalf of the Board of the National Gallery I have 
 to beg that you offer to the Members of the Dilettanti Society, the 
 best thanks for the generous permission they have enjoyed for the 
 pleasure and instruction of the Public, to exhibit for six months 
 the two groups of portraits belonging to the Society. It may be 
 interesting to the Society to know that since the 1st of August 
 last, & notwithstanding the closing of the Gallery during the 
 month of October, more than 583 thousand people have visited 
 the National Gallery. In accordance with the conditions of the 
 Loan I have to inform you that on Monday next, being the 
 31st of Jany. 1869 (*/V), the two pictures will be replaced in the 
 Society's Room in King's Street, St. James', free of all costs and 
 charge for removing and replacing them, though not without silent 
 regret. 
 
 I have the honour to be, 
 Your obed. servt, 
 To the Honorary Secretary William Boxall, 
 
 of the Dilettanti Society. Director. 
 
 Eastlake Sir Charles Eastlake died in i8<5y, and was 
 succeeded by succe eded in the office of Painter to the Society 
 e,g on ' by Mr. Frederic Leighton, R.A., who eventually 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti z%s 
 
 also succeeded to the Presidential Chair of the 
 Royal Academy. 
 
 On July i, 1 8 66, the Society Portraits of 
 
 Lord 
 
 c Requested Lord Broughton to Present to them a Portrait of Broughton 
 himself. Lord Broughton said he would comply with the wishes anc i $; r 
 of the Society.' Edward 
 
 Eventually the Society received from Lord Ryan ' 
 Broughton a portrait of himself painted by the 
 Hon. Henry Graves. On July 2, 1871, it was 
 resolved 
 
 ' That a portrait of the Secretary [Sir Edward Ryan] be painted 
 at the expense of the Society by an artist to be selected by the 
 Secretary.' 
 
 Sir Edward Ryan selected Mr. Leighton as the 
 artist, who completed the portrait during the next 
 six or seven months. On March 3, 1872, it was 
 resolved 
 
 < That aoo guineas be paid with the best thanks of the Society 
 to Mr. Leighton, and that he be requested to order a frame for the 
 picture of the Secretary at the charge of the Society with the 
 Society's usual Inscription thereon.' 
 
 At the same time it was resolved 
 
 £ That Mr. Leighton receive the cordial assent of the Dilettanti 
 Society to his wish to exhibit the portrait of the Secretary at the 
 Royal Academy, and that if Mr. Leighton obtain permission to 
 withdraw the picture from the Rooms of the Academy for 
 exhibition in those of the Dilettanti Society on the 7th April, he 
 be requested to communicate the fact to the Secretary in order 
 that the Secretary may inform members with a view to a full 
 gathering of the Society.' 
 
 The portrait of Sir Edward Ryan is one of Sir 
 Frederic Leighton's happiest efforts in portraiture, 
 conceived and carried out in the original spirit 
 of the Society of Dilettanti. The genial Secretary 
 to the Society is represented in his official dress, 
 
13 6 History of the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Successive 
 Painters to 
 the Society : 
 Sir F. W. 
 Burton and 
 Sir E. J. 
 Poynter. 
 
 Further 
 loans of 
 pictures. 
 
 Last por- 
 traits : 
 Mr. Wat kiss 
 Lloyd, Lord 
 Leighton, 
 Mr. 
 Sidney 
 Colvin. 
 
 standing at the dinner table and reading the 
 minutes. 
 
 In March, 1879, Sir Frederic Leighton, having 
 received a French diploma as 'Sculpteur Anglais,' 
 begged leave to be allowed to serve the Society 
 in the office of Sculptor ; and on this being 
 granted, the Society elected Mr. (afterwards Sir) 
 F. W. Burton, R.H.A., Director of the National 
 Gallery, to be Painter to the Society. In 1894 
 Sir F. W. Burton resigned his membership, and in 
 1897 Mr. Poynter was elected a member of, and 
 Painter to, the Society in his place. Since then 
 Mr. Poynter has become President of the Royal 
 Academy and received his knighthood ; events strictly 
 in accordance with the traditions of the Society. 
 
 In 1884 the two groups by Sir Joshua Reynolds 
 and the portrait of himself were lent by the Society 
 to the Grosvenor Gallery for an exhibition of the 
 collected works of Sir Joshua Reynolds. In March, 
 1 8 90, on the Society's removing from Willis's 
 Rooms, the two groups by Sir Joshua Reynolds 
 were once more deposited on loan with the Trustees 
 of the National Gallery, until the whole collection 
 of pictures was removed and rehung in the Society's 
 new room in the Grafton Gallery. 
 
 In January, 1894, a portrait of Mr. William 
 Watkiss Lloyd, painted by Miss Bush, was received 
 by the Society from his daughter, Miss Ellen 
 Watkiss Lloyd, having been bequeathed to the 
 Society by Mr. Watkiss Lloyd, who had for many 
 years been one of its most active and respected 
 members. After the death of Lord Leighton, 
 President of the Royal Academy, in January, 1896, 
 the Dilettanti, being anxious to obtain a portrait 
 of one of the most illustrious of their body, 
 
History of the Society of Dilettanti 237 
 
 decided to have a copy made of the portrait 
 painted by Lord Leighton of himself for the 
 Uffizii Gallery at Florence. The work was en- 
 trusted to Mr. Charles Holroyd (now Keeper of the 
 National Gallery of British Art), and completed 
 before the close of the same year. In February, 
 1895, on the resignation by Mr. Sidney Colvin of 
 his post as Secretary and Treasurer of the Society, 
 the Society ordered that a portrait of that gentleman 
 should be added to their collection. Sir Edward 
 Poynter undertook to paint the portrait of Mr. 
 Colvin, which was sent by permission of the Society 
 to the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1897. This 
 addition completes the list of the Dilettanti portraits 
 up to the present day. 
 
 a c ur' D u. twit,' ( l^c 
 
A < List of Members of the Society of Dilettanti, 
 according to the Order of Election, dating from the 
 6th of March, 1736,' was compiled by Mr. William 
 Richard Hamilton and appended as a supplement 
 to his Historical Notices of the Society of Dilettanti 
 published in 185-5-. Copies of this list were printed 
 separately and distributed to members. 
 
 A second List of Members, brought up to date, 
 was printed by Sir William Fraser, Bart., in 1874, 
 and presented by him to the members of the Society. 
 
 The following List of Members has been compiled 
 from the elections recorded in the Minute-Books of 
 the Society. An attempt has been made to identify 
 the members and to enumerate the various dis- 
 tinguished positions which so many of them have 
 occupied in the public service. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY 
 OF DILETTANTI 
 
 Viscount 
 Harcourt. 
 
 Lord Middle- 
 sex. 
 
 1736. 
 
 Simon Harcourt, born 17 14.; only son 
 of Hon. Simon Harcourt, and suc- 
 ceeded his grandfather, 1717, as 
 second Viscount Harcourt ; travelled 
 in France and Italy, 1730-34; Lord 
 of the Bedchamber to George II, 
 1 73 5'— 5*7 i created Earl Harcourt, 
 1 74.9 ; governor to the Prince of 
 Wales, 1 7 5-1 ; Ambassador to Meck- 
 lenburg-Strelitz, 1761, for the 
 marriage of Princess Charlotte and 
 George III; Ambassador to Paris, 
 1768-9; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 
 \7~l1-7 ; died 1777. 
 
 Charles Sackville, Earl of Middle- 
 sex, born 171 1 ; eldest son of first 
 Duke of Dorset ; travelled in France 
 and Italy; M.P.; Lord of the 
 Treasury; Master of the Horse to 
 Frederick, Prince of Wales ; suc- 
 ceeded as second Duke of Dorset, 
 1763 ; died 1769. 
 
 Earl Harcourt. 
 
 Duke of Dorset. 
 
X4-0 
 
 List of Members of 
 
 Viscount 
 Boyne. 
 
 Sir Lionel 
 Piikington. 
 
 Mr. T. 
 Grimston. 
 
 Hon. W. 
 Ponsonby. 
 
 Mr. R. 
 
 Grenville. 
 
 Gustavus Hamilton, Viscount Boyne, 
 born 1710; succeeded his grand- 
 father as second viscount; travelled 
 before 173 1 ; M.P.; P.C.; a Com- 
 missioner of Revenue ; died un- 
 married 174.6'. 
 
 Sir Lionel Pilkington, born 1706-7 ; 
 succeeded as fifth baronet 1716; 
 travelled in France and Italy ; pur- 
 chased Chevet Hall, near Wakefield; 
 M.P.; died unmarried 1778. 
 
 Thomas Grimston, of Grimston Garth 
 
 and Kilnwick, near Hull: 
 died 175T. 
 
 born 
 
 1702; 
 
 William Ponsonby, born 1 704, ; eldest Earl of Bess- 
 son of second Viscount Duncannon, borough, 
 and first Earl of Bessborough; 
 travelled in Italy, Greece, and the 
 East for some years up to 1739; 
 friend and companion of J. E. Liotard 
 the painter ; a member of the Ac- 
 cademia del Disegno at Florence, 
 and noted collector of marbles, gems, 
 and other works of classical antiquity; 
 styled Viscount Duncannon, 1739; 
 M.P. ; Lord of the Treasury ; Post- 
 master-General; succeeded assecond 
 Earl of Bessborough, 1758; died 1793 
 as * Father of the Society.' 
 
 Richard Grenville, bom 171 1; eldest Earl Temple, 
 son of Richard Grenville and Hester, 
 Countess Temple, and brother-in-law 
 of the Earl of Chatham; travelled 
 for four years up to 1734.; M.P. ; 
 styled Viscount Cobham, 1749-5-1; 
 succeeded his mother as Earl Temple, 
 1752; First Lord of the Admiralty, 
 Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, and 
 other state offices ; one of the fore- 
 most statesmen of his day ; died 
 J 779- 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 24-1 
 
 Mr. J. Howe. 
 
 Lord Robert 
 Montagu. 
 
 Sir Robert 
 Long. 
 
 Sir Francis 
 Dashwood. 
 
 Mr. Mitchell. 
 
 Sir Brownlow 
 Sherrard, 
 Bart. 
 
 Mr.T. Archer. 
 
 1736 {continued). 
 
 John Howe, of Hanslope, Bucks, born 
 1707 ; married Caroline, daughter 
 of second Viscount Howe; died 
 i 7 6 9 . 
 
 RoBERTMoNTAGU,born 1 7 1 3 (?) j second 
 son of first Duke of Manchester; 
 M.P.; Vice-Chamberlain to the 
 Queen; succeeded as third Duke of 
 Manchester, 1739; Lord of the 
 Bedchamber to the King, and Lord 
 Chamberlain to the Queen; died 
 1 j6i. 
 
 Sir Robert Long, born 1705; succeeded 
 his father as sixth baronet of Dray- 
 cot, Wilts, 17x9; M.P.; married 
 heiress of Earl Tylney; died 1767. 
 
 Sir Francis Dashwood, born 1708 ; 
 travelled in France, Italy, Russia, 
 etc.; M.P.; Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer, 176'a— 3 ; confirmed in his 
 mother's barony of Le Despencer, 
 1763 ; Postmaster-General; F.R.S., 
 LL.D. ; died 1781. 
 
 Sir Andrew Mitchell, born 1708; tra- 
 velled and studied at Leyden Uni- 
 versity and elsewhere on the 
 Continent ; M.P. ; Under-Secretary 
 of State for Scotland, 174a; Am- 
 bassador to the Court of Prussia, 
 175-6', and Envoy Extraordinary to 
 the same court, 1765-; K.B., 1765-; 
 confidential friend of Frederick II ; 
 died at Berlin, 1771. 
 
 Sir Brownlow Sherard, Student at 
 Leyden University, and travelled in 
 the East; succeeded his father as 
 fourth baronet, 173!-; M.P.; married 
 Mary Sidney, co-heiress of the Earl 
 of Leicester; died 174.8. 
 
 Thomas Archer, of Umberslade, War- 
 wick, born ; M.P. ; created 
 Baron Archer, 1747; died 1768. 
 
 Duke of Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Lord le 
 Despencer. 
 
 Sir Andrew 
 Mitchell, K.B. 
 
 Baron Archer. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. R. 
 Bristow. 
 
 Hon. Thomas 
 Villiers. 
 
 Mr. E.Clarke. 
 
 Mr. W. 
 Degge. 
 
 Mr.T. Anson. 
 
 Sir James 
 Gray. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Denny. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Strode. 
 
 Hon. James 
 Noel. 
 
 Hon. Sewallis 
 Shirley. 
 
 1736 (continued). 
 
 Robert Bristow, of Micheldever, 
 Hants; M.P.; Clerk Comptroller 
 of the Household; died 1737. 
 
 Thomas Villiers, born 1709; second 
 son of Earl of Jersey ; Minister 
 Plenipotentiary to Dresden, Vienna, 
 Berlin, and other courts ; M.P. ; 
 created Viscount Hyde, 1756, and 
 Earl of Clarendon, 1776'; Postmaster- 
 General and Chancellor of the Duchy 
 of Lancaster; died 1786. 
 
 Edward Clarke. 
 
 William Degge, bo - n 1698; second 
 son of Simon Degge, of Derby ; 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of Dragoons. 
 
 Thomas Anson, of Shugborough, Staf- 
 fordshire; M.P.; elder brother of Ad- 
 miral Anson; died unmarried 1773 . 
 
 Sir James Gray, eldest son of first 
 baronet; British Resident at Venice, 
 1 746"— 73 ; Envoy to the Court of 
 Naples and the Two Sicilies, 1 7 54.-66, 
 and to the Court of Spain, 1766-73 ; 
 K.B., i76"i; P.C, 1769; died 1773. 
 
 William Denny, Colonel in the Army; 
 Deputy-Governor of Pennsylvania, 
 i75'(5'-p; died about 1770. 
 
 William Strode, born 165)8; Colonel 
 6and Foot, and Lieutenant-General, 
 1 765'; served under the Duke of 
 Cumberland; M.P. ; died 1776, 
 buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 James Nosl, third son of third Earl 
 of Gainsborough ; M.P. ; died 175:1. 
 
 Sewallis Shirley, born 1709; fourth 
 son of first Earl Ferrers; M.P. ; 
 Comptroller of the Household to 
 Queen Charlotte ; died 1765". 
 
 Earl of 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Sir James Gray, 
 Bart., K.B. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Mr. George 
 Knapton. 
 
 Rev. Arthur 
 Smith. 
 
 Mr. D. Boone. 
 
 Sir Henry 
 Liddell, 
 Bart. 
 
 Mr. George 
 Gray. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Fauquier. 
 
 Mr. Henry 
 Harris. 
 
 Mr. Thomas 
 Whitmore. 
 
 1736 {continued.') 
 
 George Knapton, born i6"o8 ; painter 
 in oil and crayons ; resided for many 
 years in Italy; surveyor and keeper 
 of the royal collection of pictures, 
 176?; first Painter to the Society; 
 died 1778. 
 
 Arthur Smyth, son of the Bishop of 
 Limerick ; travelled after leaving 
 Oxford ; Dean of Raphoe, 1 743 , 
 and Derry, 1744; Bishop of Clon- 
 fert, 175:2,, Down, 1752, and Meath, 
 1765-; Archbishop of Dublin, ij66 ; 
 died 1771. 
 
 Daniel Boone, born 17 10; son of 
 Governor of Bombay ; Director of 
 the East India Company and the 
 Bank of England ; M.P. ; Clerk of 
 the Household to Frederick, Prince 
 of Wales; died 1770. 
 
 Sir Henry Liddell, born 1 708 ; suc- 
 ceeded his father as fourth baronet, 
 1723; M.P.; created Baron Ravens- 
 worth, 174.7; died 1784.. 
 
 George Gray, second son of Sir James 
 Gray, Bart. ; Colonel of 3 7th Foot 
 and Major-General ; succeeded his 
 brother as third baronet, 1773; Secre- 
 tary and Treasurer to the Society, 
 1738-71; died 1773. 
 
 William Fauquier, banker and Direc- 
 tor of the South Sea Company ; 
 Secretary to the Society, 177 1-4; 
 Registrar and Secretary of the Order 
 of the Bath, 1785; F.R.S.; died 1788. 
 
 Henry HARRis,Commissioner of Wine 
 Licences and Gentleman Usher of 
 the Black Rod in Ireland; first 
 Treasurer and High Steward to the 
 Society; died 1764. 
 
 Thomas Whitmore, of Apley, Shrop- 
 shire; M.P., K.B. ; died 1773. 
 r 2 
 
 Archbishop of 
 Dublin. 
 
 Baron Ravens- 
 worth. 
 
 General Sir 
 George Gray, 
 Bart. 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 Whitmore,K.B. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Robert 
 Dingley. 
 
 Sir Hugh 
 Smithson, 
 Bart. 
 
 Mr. Turner. 
 Mr. Spence. 
 
 Mr. Phillips. 
 
 Mr. Delme. 
 
 Hon. Robert 
 Hay. 
 
 1736 {continued}. 
 
 Robert Dingley, of Lamb Abbey, 
 Chiselhurst, merchant, born 1709; 
 contested Middlesex in 1768 against 
 John Wilkes; founder of the Mag- 
 dalen Hospital, 175-8 ^ died 1781. 
 
 Sir Hugh Smithson, born 171 5; suc- 
 ceeded as fourth baronet, 1719; 
 M.P. ; married, 1740, Elizabeth 
 Seymour, daughter and heiress of 
 sixth Duke of Somerset and grand- 
 daughter of eleventh Earl of Northum- 
 berland ; succeeded as Earl of North- 
 umberland, and assumed the name 
 of Percy, 175^0 ; K.G., Lord of the 
 Bedchamber, Lord Chamberlain, and 
 Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland ; created 
 Duke of Northumberland, 1766; 
 died at Syon House, 1786. 
 
 Joseph Spence, born 1695) ; Fellow of 
 New College, Oxford ; travelled in 
 France and Italy, 1730-33, with the 
 Earl of Middlesex, and in ijiy-^z 
 with the Earl of Lincoln ; Professor 
 of Poetry and Regius Professor of 
 Modern History at Oxford ; author 
 of Polymetis, The Anecdotes, etc. ; and 
 friend and correspondent of Pope ; 
 died at Byfleet, Surrey, 1768. 
 
 [? Sir Erasmus Philipps, Bart., of Picton 
 Castle, born 1 700 ; M.P. ; succeeded 
 his father as fifth baronet, 1736; 
 died 1743.] 
 
 Peter Delme, born 1710; son of Sir 
 Peter Delme, Lord Mayor of London ; 
 M.P.; died 1770. 
 
 Robert Hay, born ijix; second son 
 of seventh Earl of Kinnoull; Bishop 
 of St. Asaph, 174.8, and Salisbury, 
 1 761 ; Archbishop of York, 1761 ; 
 assumed additional name of Drum- 
 mond j died 1776. 
 
 Duke of 
 Northumber- 
 land. 
 
 Rev. Joseph 
 Spence. 
 
 Archbishop of 
 York. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 245- 
 
 Mr.S.Luttrell. 
 
 Mr. Bowman. 
 
 Hon. Charles 
 Feilding. 
 
 Mr. Williams. 
 
 LordGallway. 
 
 Mr. Darcy. 
 
 1 [Count 
 
 Nassau. 
 Mr.Watkins.] 
 
 2 Earl of 
 
 Euston. 
 
 Mr. Thomas 
 Steavens. 
 
 1736 {continued}. 
 
 Simon Luttrell, born 17 13; M.P. ; 
 created Baron Irnham, 1768 ; Vis- 
 count Carhampton, 1780-81; Earl 
 of Carhampton, 1785; died 1787. 
 
 Charles Feilding, third son of fourth 
 Earlof Denbigh; Lieutenant-Colonel 
 in the Army ; Gentleman Usher to 
 Queen Caroline; died 174?. 
 
 Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, born 
 1708; M.P.; spent most of hislife in the 
 diplomatic service at Dresden,Berlin, 
 Vienna, and St. Petersburg ; author 
 of many satirical poems; died 175"^. 
 
 John Monckton, born 169?; M.P. ; 
 created Viscount Galway, 1727; 
 Commissioner of Revenue and Sur- 
 veyor General of Woods and Forests; 
 died I75"i. 
 
 Patrick Darcy. 
 
 George Fitzroy, Earl of Euston, born 
 1715" ; eldest son of second Duke of 
 Grafton ; M.P. ; died before his 
 father, 1747. 
 
 Thomas Steavens, son of Sir John 
 
 Earl of Car- 
 hampton. 
 
 Sir Charles 
 Hanbury 
 Williams. 
 
 Viscount 
 Galway. 
 
 Steavens of Eltham : died 
 
 1737. 
 
 Mr. George George Stanhope, [? second son of 
 Stanhope. first Earl Stanhope; born 1717]- 
 
 Mr. Knight. [? Robert Knight, of Barrels ; M.P. ; 
 
 afterwards Baron Luxborough and 
 
 Earl of Catherlough.] 
 Mr. Gore. [? Arthur Gore, elder brother of Lord 
 
 Annaly; M.P. ; died 1758.] 
 
 1 In the list published for the Society by Sir William A. Fraser, Bart., the two names occur here as 
 original members, but there is no trace of the names in the original list as given in the minutes. 
 a The first member whose election is recorded in the Minute-Books. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Stewart. 
 Earl Cowper. 
 
 Hon. James 
 Hamilton. 
 
 1737 {continued), 
 
 [? William Stewart.] 
 
 William Cowper, second Earl Cowper, 
 born 1 709 ; Lord of the Bedchamber 
 to George II ; F.R.S., LL.D. ; 
 married Henrietta, daughter and 
 heiress of Henry d'Auverquerque, 
 Earl of Grantham ; died 1764. 
 
 [? James Hamilton, born 1712 ; eldest 
 son of seventh Earl of Abercorn ; 
 summoned to Irish House of Lords 
 as Baron Mountcastle, 1738; suc- 
 ceeded his father as eighth Earl of 
 Abercorn, 174!; died 1789.] 
 
 Earl of 
 Abercorn ? 
 
 1738. 
 
 The Duke of 
 Kingston. 
 
 Mr. Samuel 
 Savage. 
 
 Lord Rock- 
 ingham. 
 
 Mr. Samuel 
 
 Feake. 
 LordSunbury. 
 
 Evelyn Pierrepont, second Duke of 
 Kingston, born 1 7 1 1 ; succeeded as 
 second duke, iji6 ^ Lord of the 
 Bedchamber and K.G., 1741; held 
 various commands in the army and 
 fought at Culloden ; married ' Miss 
 Chudleigh'; died 1773. 
 
 Samuel Savage. 
 
 Lewis Watson, born 1 705) (?) ; second 
 son of Viscount Sondes ; succeeded 
 his grandfather as second Earl of 
 Rockingham, 17x4.; died 174.5". 
 
 Samuel Feake ; a Director of the East 
 India Company. 
 
 George Montagu, born 1716; son 
 of George, first Earl of Halifax ; 
 married, 1741, Miss Dunk, a rich 
 heiress, whose surname he assumed ; 
 Lieutenant-General in the Army ; 
 President of the Board of Trade, 
 and 'Father of the Colonies' ; Lord- 
 Lieutenant of Ireland ; First Lord of 
 the Admiralty, and Secretary of 
 State; K.G. ; died 1771. 
 
 Earl of Halifax, 
 K.G. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti z^y 
 
 Hon. Thomas 
 Watson. 
 
 1738 {continued). 
 
 Thomas Watson, born 171 5- • younger 
 son of Viscount Sondes ; M.P. ; 
 succeeded his brother as third Earl 
 of Rockingham, 1745- ; died 1746". 
 
 Earl of Rocking 
 ham. 
 
 Lord Barring 
 ton. 
 
 Mr. News- 
 ham. 
 
 Mr. Mallet. 
 
 Mr. Norborne 
 Berkeley. 
 
 Mr. Henry 
 Ciowley. 
 
 Mr. Varey. 
 
 Mr. Vernon. 
 
 1739. 
 
 William Wildman, second Viscount 
 Barrington, born 17175 travelled on 
 the Continent, 1735-8; M.P.; Lord 
 of the Admiralty, Secretary at War, 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer, and 
 Treasurer of the Navy; died 175? 3. 
 
 James Newsham, born 1715"; nephew of 
 James Craggs, Secretary of State, and 
 stepson of John Knight of Gosfield. 
 
 David Mallet (or Muloch), born 
 1705 (?) ; author of numerous poems 
 and tragedies, and friend and cor- 
 respondent of Pope, Bolingbroke and 
 others ; tutor to various members of 
 the aristocracy (including Mr. News- 
 ham), and a follower of the Earl 
 of Bute and the Prince of Wales ; 
 died 176?. 
 
 Norborne Berkeley, son of John 
 Symms Berkeley, of Stoke Gifford; 
 M.P. ; successfully claimed the barony 
 of Botetourt, 1764; Governor of 
 Virginia, and died at Williamsburgh, 
 177*. 
 
 Henry Crowley. 
 
 William Varey ; mentioned in the 
 correspondence of G. A. Selwyn 
 and others as a man of fashion. 
 
 Francis Vernon. 
 
 Lord Botetourt. 
 
 Mr. Grim- 
 stone. 
 
 1740. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
X4-8 
 
 List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Bristow. 
 
 Earl of 
 Sandwich. 
 
 Lord Galway. 
 
 Mr. W. H. 
 Gage. 
 
 Mr. Wellbore 
 Ellis. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Hartington. 
 
 Lord 
 Quarendon. 
 
 Mr. Nel- 
 thorpe. 
 
 1740 {continued}. 
 
 William Bristow ; Commissioner of 
 Revenue in Ireland ; M.P., F.R.S.; 
 died 1758. 
 
 John Montagu, fourth Earl of Sand- 
 wich, born 1 718 ; succeeded his 
 grandfather, 1715); travelled in Italy, 
 Sicily, the Greek Islands, Turkey, 
 and the East up to 1739 ; First Lord 
 of the Admiralty; Plenipotentiary 
 at the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 
 1748 ; died 179a. 
 
 I74f- 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 William Hall Gage, born 171 8 • 
 eldest son of first Viscount Gage; 
 M.P. ; and succeeded as second 
 viscount, 175*4. 5 Paymaster of the 
 Pensions; F.R.S. ; created Baron 
 Gage, 1780; died 1791. 
 
 Welbore Ellis, born 171 3; son of 
 Bishop of Meath ; M.P. ; Lord of 
 the Admiralty, 1747; Vice-Treasurer 
 of the Household, 17??; Secretary 
 of State for America, 1782; created 
 Baron Mendip, 1794; F.R.S., 
 D.C.L., and a trustee of the British 
 Museum; died 1802. 
 
 William Cavendish, Marquess of 
 Hartington, born 1720; M.P. ; 
 summoned to the House of Lords as 
 Lord Cavendish, 17^1; Lord-Lieu- 
 tenant of Ireland; succeeded as fourth 
 Duke of Devonshire, 17 5* ?; Prime 
 Minister, 17 5:6; K.G. ; died 1764.. 
 
 George Henry Lee, Viscount Quaren- 
 don, born 1718; M.P.; succeeded 
 his father as third Earl of Litchfield, 
 1 74.3 ; Chancellor of the University 
 of Oxford, 1762; died 1772. 
 
 James Nelthorpe ; died 1767. 
 
 Viscount Gage. 
 
 Baron Mendip. 
 
 Duke of Devon- 
 shire. 
 
 Earl of Litch- 
 field. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti x^y 
 
 I74y (continued). 
 
 Sir Charles Bunbury; succeeded as 
 fourth baronet, 1733 • M.P.; died 
 1742. 
 
 Edward Coke, born 1710- only son 
 of Thomas Coke, Lord Lovel ; MP. ; 
 styled ViscountCoke, 1744.-5:3 ; mar- 
 ried Lady Mary Campbell ; died 17 5: 3. 
 
 Thomas Coke of Holkham, born 1695: ; 
 M.P.; created Baron Lovel, 1718, 
 and Earl of Leicester, 1744; Post- 
 master-General; died 175-9. 
 
 1741. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 Sir John Rawdon, born 1720; suc- 
 ceeded as baronet ; travelled in 
 Greece and the East; M.P.; created 
 Baron Rawdon, 175:0, and Earl of 
 Moira, 1761; F.R.S. ; died 175)3. 
 
 Thomas Dampier, born about 1704; 
 Under-Master of Eton School; 
 Canon of Windsor and Dean of 
 Durham; died 1777. 
 
 Henry Fiennes-Clinton, born 17x0; 
 succeeded his brother as ninth Earl 
 of Lincoln, 1730; Lord of the Bed- 
 chamber; K.G.; succeeded his uncle 
 as second Duke of Newcastle, 1768 ; 
 died 175)4. 
 
 Kenneth Mackenzie, born 1 7 1 8 (?) ; 
 eldest son of fifth Earl of Seaforth ; 
 attainted for his share in the Jacobite 
 rebellion ; M.P. ; sometimes styled 
 Viscount Fortrose; died 1761. 
 
 Charles Ross, of Balnagar, second 
 son of Viscount Ross; MP.; killed 
 at Fontenoy, 1745". 
 
 William Wentworth, born 1 72a ; 
 succeeded his father as second Earl 
 of Strafford, 1739; a well-known 
 amateur; died 175)1. 
 
 Viscount Coke. 
 
 Earl of Leicester. 
 
 Earl of Moira. 
 
 Duke of New- 
 castle. 
 
 Earl of Strafford. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Cole- 
 brooke. 
 
 Mr. Cotton. 
 
 174I {continued}. 
 
 Robert Colf.br ooke, born 17 18 ; elder 
 brother of first baronet; M.P.; minis- 
 ter to the Swiss Cantons and am- 
 bassador to the Ottoman Porte ; died 
 1784.. 
 
 John Hinde Cotton, born 171 8; 
 succeeded as fourth baronet, 1752; 
 M.P. ; died 175^. 
 
 Sir John Hinde 
 Cotton, Bart. 
 
 Mr. J. Ross- 
 Ma ckye. 
 
 Lord 
 Deskfoord. 
 
 Lord Mansel. 
 
 Mr. Frederick. 
 
 Mr. Thomas 
 Brand. 
 
 Duke of 
 Bedford. 
 
 174*. 
 
 John Mackye, of Polgowan ; M.P. ; 
 assumed name of Ross on marriage 
 with daughter and co-heiress of 
 thirteenth Lord Ross; Treasurer 
 and Paymaster of the Ordnance ; 
 died 1797. 
 
 James Ogilvy, Lord Deskfoord, born 
 I7i4(?); eldest son of fifth Earl of 
 Findlater; Commissioner of Customs 
 and Lord of Police; succeeded as sixth 
 Earl of Findlater, 1 764 ; committed 
 suicide, 1770. 
 
 Thomas, second Lord Mansell of 
 Morgan ; succeeded his grandfather, 
 1723 ; died 1744. 
 
 John Frederick, eldest son of first 
 baronet ; succeeded as second baronet, 
 175:?; a well-known collector of 
 antiquities and works of art; died 
 
 Thomas Brand, of the Hoo, Herts. ; 
 M.P.; married daughter of Duke 
 of Kingston; died 1770. 
 
 John Russell, fourth Duke of Bedford, 
 born 1710; succeeded his brother, 
 1732,; First Lord of the Admiralty, 
 Secretary of State, Lord-Lieutenant 
 of Ireland, Ambassador Extra- 
 ordinary to the Court of France ; 
 K. G. ; died 1771. 
 
 Earl of Findlater. 
 
 Sir John 
 Frederick, 
 Bart. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 15-1 
 
 174^ (continued}. 
 
 Hon. Henry Henry Bilson Legge, fourth son of 
 Legge. first Earl of Dartmouth, born 1708; 
 
 M.P.; Secretary for Ireland; Lord of 
 the Admiralty, Envoy Extraordinary 
 to the King of Prussia ; Chancellor 
 of the Exchequer ; died 1764. 
 
 Mr. Liddell. 
 
 Sir Charles 
 Wyndham. 
 
 Captain 
 Lushington. 
 
 Mr. Cal- 
 thorpe. 
 
 Mr. Blyth. 
 Mr. Lascelles. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Williams. 
 
 Mr. Vernon. 
 
 Mr. Robert 
 Coke. 
 
 Sir Bourchier 
 Wrey. 
 
 1742. 
 
 [? Richard Liddell, fifth son of third 
 baronet.] 
 
 Sir Charles Wyndham, born 17 10; 
 son of third baronet, and succeeded 
 his father, 1 740 ; succeeded his uncle 
 as second Earl of Egremont, 1750 ; 
 Secretary of State ; died 1763. 
 
 William Lushington, second son of 
 Thomas Godfrey Lushington cf 
 Sittingbourne ; Captain in the Army ; 
 died 1 763. 
 
 Henry Calthorpe, son of Reynolds 
 Calthorpe of Elvetham, Hants; K.B.; 
 died 1788. 
 
 John Bligh, born 1719 ; succeeded his 
 brother as third Earl of Darnley, 
 1747 ; died 1787. 
 
 Edwin Lascelles, of Harewood, born 
 171 3; M.P.; created Baron Hare- 
 wood, 175)0 ; died 175)5". 
 
 [? William Peere Williams ; suc- 
 ceeded his father as second baronet, 
 1758; M.P.; killed at Belleisle, 
 i 7 6i.] 
 
 Henry Vernon, of Hilton Park, Staf- 
 fordshire, born 1 71 8 ; died 1777. 
 
 Robert Coke, of Hillingdon ; married 
 sister of last Duke of Wharton. 
 
 Sir Bourchier Wrey ; succeeded his 
 father as fifth baronet, ijz6 ; M.P. ; 
 died 1784. 
 
 Earl of 
 Egremont. 
 
 Sir Henry Cal- 
 thorpe, K.B. 
 
 Earl of Darnley. 
 
 Baron Hare- 
 wood. 
 
 Sir William 
 Peere 
 Williams, 
 Bart. ? 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. George 
 Dodington. 
 
 Lord George 
 Graham. 
 
 Mr. Patrick 
 Darcy. 
 
 Earl of Rock- 
 ingham. 
 
 Mr. Pitt. 
 
 Lord Conway. 
 
 Mr. B. 
 Boyle. 
 
 Mr. Dingley. 
 
 Viscount 
 Midleton. 
 
 Captain 
 Churchill. 
 
 Lord Gowran. 
 
 I742 {continued). 
 
 George Bubb-Dodington, born 1691; 
 M.P.; the well-known politician • 
 Treasurer of the Navy- created 
 Baron Melcombe Regis, 1761 ; died 
 1762. 
 
 George Graham, younger son of first 
 Duke of Montrose- R.N., M.P.; 
 died 1747. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 Francis Seymour-Conway, born 1718- 
 succeeded his father as second Baron 
 Conway, 173a • created Earl of 
 Hertford, 1750, and Marquess of 
 Hertford, 1751 3; K.G. ; Ambassador 
 to Paris, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 
 Master of the Horse, and Lord 
 Chamberlain- died 1794. 
 Bellingham Boyle, son of first Earl of 
 
 Shannon 1 
 
 venue ; married 
 
 Commissioner of Re- 
 to daughter of 
 Archbishop Hoadly ; died 1 771. 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 1743. 
 
 Alan Brodrick, second Viscount 
 Midleton, born 1 702 ; succeeded his 
 father, 1733; Commissioner of 
 Customs ; Joint Comptroller of the 
 Navy; died 1747. 
 
 George Churchill, son of Lieu- 
 tenant-General Charles Churchill 
 and Anne Oldfield; Lieutenant- 
 General in the Army ; died 1753. 
 
 John Fitzpatrick, second Baron 
 Gowran, born 17 19; succeeded his 
 father, 1727 • created Earl of Upper 
 Ossory, 17?!; died I7f8. 
 
 Baron Melcombe 
 Regis. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Hertford, K.G. 
 
 Earl of Upper 
 Ossory. 
 
 1 Or perhaps of the Hon. Richard Boyle and his second wife Madeline Bellingham. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 25-3 
 
 Mr. Nel- 
 thorpe. 
 
 Sir Everard 
 Falkener. 
 
 Mr.Fanshawe. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Granby. 
 
 Baron 
 Hopberg. 
 
 Mr. Berkeley. 
 
 Mr. Feilding. 
 
 Hon. Richard 
 Edgcumbe. 
 
 Mr. Lascelles. 
 Mr. Foster. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 I744- 
 
 I 74f 
 
 Sir Everard Fawkener, born 1684- 
 merchant • friend of Voltaire ; Am- 
 bassador to the Ottoman Porte- 
 Postmaster-General j died 1758. 
 
 Simon Fanshawe, of Fanshawe Gate, 
 born 1716 • M.P.; died 1777. 
 
 John Manners, Marquess of Granby, 
 born 1711 • eldest son of third Duke 
 of Rutland; Commander of the 
 British forces at the victory of 
 
 Minden, 
 
 Commander-in- 
 
 Chief of the land forces in England ; 
 died 1770. 
 
 Baron Hochberg (or Hohberg). 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 Richard Edgcumbe, born iji6 ; eldest 
 son of first Baron Mount-Edgcumbe; 
 Major-General in the Army, Lord 
 of the Admiralty, and Comptroller 
 of the Household ; wit and poet ; 
 succeeded as second Lord Mount- 
 Edgcumbe, 1758; died 1761. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 John Thomas Foster, of Dunleer; 
 M.P. ; married Lady Elizabeth 
 Hervey (afterwards Duchess of 
 Devonshire); died 1761. 
 
 Baron Mount- 
 Edgcumbe. 
 
 Duke of 
 
 Kingston. 
 Marquess of 
 
 Granby. 
 
 1745. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Earl of 
 Holder- 
 nesse. 
 
 Earl of Ash- 
 burnham. 
 
 Mr. St. 
 George. 
 
 1745 {continued). 
 
 Robert Darcy, sixth Earl of Holder- 
 nesse, born 1718- succeeded his 
 father, 17x2 ; Lord of the Bed- 
 chamber in attendance on the King 
 at Dettingen; Ambassador to the 
 Republic of Venice, and to the Low 
 Countries- Secretary of State and 
 Lord Justice of the Realm ; died 
 1778. 
 
 John, second Earl of Ashburnham, 
 born 1724; succeeded his father, 
 1737; Lord of the Bedchamber- 
 died 1812. 
 
 Chevalier St. George (? Henry St. 
 George, born 1716; M.P. ; died 
 17*3); F.R.S. 
 
 Mr.Aldworth. 
 
 I74§. 
 
 Richard Aldworth, of Stanlake, born 
 1717- married daughter of Richard 
 Neville, of Billingbere • assumed 
 name of Neville- Aldworth ; M.P. ; 
 Ambassador to Paris ; Under-Secre- 
 tary of State ; died 1793. 
 
 Lord Hobart. 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 Sebright. 
 
 Earl of Bless- 
 ington. 
 
 1746. 
 
 John Hobart, second Earl of Bucking- 
 17x2; Ambassador 
 Lord-Lieutenant of 
 
 hamshire, born 
 Russia ; 
 died 
 
 to 
 
 Ireland f 
 Sir Thomas 
 
 Saunders 
 
 Sebright, of 
 
 Beechwood, Herts., born 172.3 j 
 succeeded as 5th baronet, 1 736" ; died 
 1761. 
 
 I74f. 
 
 William Stewart, second Viscount 
 Mountjoy, born 1709; succeeded 
 his father, 172.8 j created Earl of 
 Blessington, 1745; died 1769. 
 
 Earl of Bucking- 
 hamshire. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti is$ 
 
 Hon.Capt.G. 
 Edgecumbe. 
 
 *74f {continued). 
 
 George Edgcumbe, born 1711 ; 
 younger son of first Baron Mount- 
 Edgcumbe ; R.N. • Admiral; suc- 
 ceeded his brother as third Baron 
 Mount-Edgcumbe, 1761; Treasurer 
 of the Household; created Earl of 
 Mount-Edgcumbe, 1789; died 1795". 
 
 Earl of Mount- 
 Edgcumbe. 
 
 Mr. Dun- 
 combe. 
 
 Earl of March. 
 
 Mr. Tilson. 
 Dr. Gamier. 
 
 Mr. Freeman. 
 Mr. Gell. 
 
 Sir William 
 Milner. 
 
 Mr. Dingley. 
 
 1747. 
 
 Thomas DuNcoMBE,of Duncombe Park ; 
 died 1799. 
 
 I74f 
 
 William Douglas, third Earl of March, 
 born 1725:; succeeded his father, 
 1731; Lord of the Bedchamber; 
 succeeded his cousin as fourth Duke 
 of Queensberry ; as ' Old Q.,' one of 
 the noted characters of his day ; died 
 1810. 
 
 James Tilson, of St. George's, Hanover 
 Square ; died 1 764. 
 
 Thomas Garnier, of Wykeham, H ants ; 
 Apothecary-General to the Army ; 
 died 1763. 
 
 Sambrooke Freeman, of Fawley Court, 
 born 1 7 10; M.P. ; son of John 
 Freeman and Susanna, daughter of 
 Sir Jeremiah Sambrooke ; died 1781. 
 
 Philip Gell, of Hopton, Derby ; died 
 1748. 
 
 Sir William Milner, born 1719; 
 succeeded his father as second baronet 
 Receiver-General of 
 ; died 1774.. 
 
 Excise . 
 
 the 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 Duke of Qaeens- 
 berry. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Moun- 
 tague. 
 
 Lord 
 
 Eglinton. 
 
 Sir Robert 
 
 Hildyard. 
 Capt.Rodney. 
 
 Lord Drum- 
 lanrig. 
 
 Mr. George 
 Rice. 
 
 Mr. Bowlby. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Granby. 
 
 Mr. Dundas. 
 
 Earl of 
 Galloway. 
 
 1749. 
 
 Edward Wortley Montagu, born 
 171 3; son of Lady Mary Wortley 
 Montagu; M.P., F.R.S. ; well 
 known for his travels on the Con- 
 tinent and in the East, and his ec- 
 centric life and adventures; died 1776. 
 
 Archibald Montgomery, eleventh 
 Earl of Eglinton; born 1716; third 
 son of ninth Earl. 
 
 Sir Robert Hildyard, third baronet, 
 born 1716; M.P.; died 1781. 
 
 George Brydges Rodney, born 171 8; 
 R.N. ; the distinguished Admiral 
 and victor at Cape Finisterre and 
 other sea-fights; created a baronet, 
 1764., and Baron Rodney, 1782; 
 M.P.; died 1792. 
 
 Henry Douglas, Earl of Drumlanrig, 
 born 1722; eldest son of third Duke 
 of Queensberry ; an officer in the 
 Army; accidentally killed, 175-4. 
 
 George Rice, of Newton, born 1724; 
 M.P. ; married Baroness Dynevor; 
 Commissioner of Board of Trade ; 
 Treasurer of the King's Chamber; 
 P.C.; died 1775). 
 
 Thomas Bowlby, of Durham, born 1698; 
 Commissioner of Excise; married 
 daughter of Earl of Cardigan and 
 sisterof first Duke of Montagu; M.P.; 
 died 1778. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 I750. 
 
 Lawrence Dundas ; Commissary- 
 General; created a baronet, 1762; 
 died 178 1. 
 
 Alexander Stewart, sixth Earl of 
 Galloway, born 1694; Lord of 
 Police; succeeded his father, 1746; 
 died 1775. 
 
 Admiral Baron 
 Rodney. 
 
 Sir Lawrence 
 Dundas, Bart. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 15-7 
 
 Mr. Robert 
 Joscelyn. 
 
 Earl of Sussex. 
 
 Mr. Chaplin. 
 
 Mr. Steavens. 
 Lord Anson. 
 
 Mr. St. Leger. 
 
 Mr. Humber- 
 ston. 
 
 1750 (continued^. 
 
 Robert Jocelyn, born 1688 ; fifth son 
 of Sir Robert Jocelyn, Bart., M.P. j 
 Solicitor-General, Attorney-General, 
 Lord Chancellor • created Baron 
 Newport and Viscount Jocelyn, 1 75:? ; 
 died i"T)6. 
 
 George Augustus Yelverton, second 
 Earl of Sussex, born 1717; succeeded 
 his father, 173 1; Lord of the Bed- 
 chamber to the Prince of Wales ; 
 died 175:1. 
 
 John Chaplin, of Blankney ; married, 
 1757, the daughter of Earl of Exeter • 
 died 1764.. 
 
 (? Re-elected.) 
 
 George, Lord Anson, born 1717; 
 younger brother of Thomas Anson, 
 of Shugborough; R.N.; distinguished 
 Admiral and victor off Cape Finis- 
 terre, 1747; created Baron Anson, 
 1 747 • First Lord of the Admiralty ; 
 victor over the French at Quiberon, 
 1759 ; died 1762. 
 
 [? Anthony St. Leger ; fourth son of 
 Sir John St. Leger, of Grangemellan, 
 Kildare; M.P. ; died 1770.] 
 
 Thomas Humberston, of Humberston, 
 co. Lincoln. 
 
 Viscount 
 Jocelyn. 
 
 Mr. Watson. 
 
 Mr. Trench. 
 Mr. Stewart. 
 
 1751. 
 
 Lewis Monson, born 17x8; son of 
 first Lord Monson by daughter of 
 first Earl of Rockingham ; assumed 
 additional surname of Watson ; 
 created Baron Sondes, 1760 j died 
 
 James Stuart, painter and architect; 
 
 * Athenian Stuart ; ' born 
 page 7 y. 
 
 1713. 
 
 See 
 
 Baron Sondes. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 175I {continued). 
 
 Mr. Revett. Nicholas Revett, born 17x1 ; second 
 son of John Revett, of Brandeston 
 Hall, Suffolk • architect. Seepage 75. 
 Viscount George Brodrick, third Viscount 
 
 Midleton. Midleton, born 1730; succeeded 
 
 his father, 1747; M.P. ; friend of 
 Frederick, Prince of Wales ; died 
 
 1753. 
 
 Lord Charles Charles Douglas, born 17x6'; second 
 Douglas. son of third Duke of Queensberry; 
 
 M.P. ; succeeded his brother as Earl 
 of Drumlanrig, 175-4. ; died 1756'. 
 
 Mr. Dundas. (Re-elected.) 
 Mr. Berkeley. (Re-elected.) 
 
 1754. 
 
 Mr. Leeson. Joseph Leeson, born ijzz ; M.P. ; 
 
 created Baron Russborough, 175:6', 
 and Earl of Milltown, 1763; died 
 1783. 
 
 1755. 
 
 Lord Rock- Charles Watson- Wentworth, second 
 ingham. Marquess of Rockingham, born 1730; 
 
 only son of first Marquess, and 
 succeeded 1750; K.G. ; Prime Min- 
 ister, ij6f-6 and 1782 ; died 1781. 
 
 Earl of (Re-elected.) 
 Galloway. 
 
 Earl of Hold- (Re-elected.) 
 ernesse. 
 
 Mr. James James Dawkins, born i-jzz^ M.P. 
 Dawkins. travelled with Mr. Robert Wood to 
 
 Palmyra and Baalbec • noted for his 
 Jacobite sympathies; died 1759. 
 Mr. Knight. (Re-elected.) 
 
 Mr. Gordon. Sir William Gordon, Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary to the Diet of Ratisbon, 
 1764. ; Envoy Extraordinary to Den- 
 mark, etc. ; M.P. ; K.B. 
 
 Earl of Drum- 
 lanrig. 
 
 Earl of Milltown. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Rockingham. 
 
the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 1756. 
 
 Lord Charle- James Caulfeild, fourth Viscount Char- 
 mont. lemont, born 1728 ; resided for some 
 
 time in Italy ; afterwards highly dis- 
 tinguished as a politician, and patron 
 of art and letters in Ire'and ; created 
 Earl of Charlemont, 1763 ; F.R.S., 
 F.S.A., K.P.; died 1799. 
 
 Earl of 
 
 Charlemont. 
 
 1759- 
 
 Earl of Henry Herbert, twenty-ninth Earl of 
 
 Pembroke. Pembroke and Montgomery, born 
 1734; General in the Army; suc- 
 ceeded his father, 175*0; Lord of the 
 Bedchamber; died 1794. 
 
 Mr. Stopford. James Stopford, born 1700 (?) ; created 
 Baron Courtown, 175-8, and Earl of 
 Courtown, 1762; died 1770. 
 
 Earl of 
 Courtown. 
 
 Hon. Captain 
 Hervey. 
 
 Mr. Gordon. 
 
 Earl of 
 Galloway. 
 
 Admiral 
 Rodney. 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 Robinson. 
 
 1760. 
 
 Augustus John Hervey, born 1724; 
 
 second son of John, Lord Hervey ; 
 
 R.N. ; Vice- Admiral ; succeeded his 
 
 brother as Earl of Bristol, 1775'; 
 
 first husband of Miss Chudleigh ; 
 
 died 1779. 
 (Re-elected.) 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 1761. 
 
 Sir Thomas Robinson, born 1693 (?); 
 fourth son of Sir William Robinson, 
 Bart., of Newby ; M.P. ; Ambassador 
 to Vienna and Joint Plenipotentiary 
 at the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle ; 
 K.B. ; Secretary of State, Lord 
 Justice of the Realm ; Postmaster- 
 General 
 
 1761 ; died 1770. 
 
 , created Baron Grantham, 
 
 Earl of Bristol. 
 
 Baron 
 
 Grantham. 
 
 s 2 
 
List of Members of 
 
 1761 {continued). 
 
 Mr. Dering. Edward Dering, born 173a; son of 
 Sir Edward Dering, Bart., of Surren- 
 den ; succeeded as sixth baronet, 
 ; M.P. ; died 1798. 
 
 1763. 
 
 Mr. Richard Richard Phelps, Under-Secretary of 
 Phelps. State; Provost-Marshal to the Lee- 
 
 ward Islands. 
 
 Mr. Boothby. [? Brook Boothby, of Ashborne Hall ; 
 
 younger son of second baronet.] 
 Mr. James. Haughton James, born 1738 ; ofjamaica. 
 Hon. Thomas Thomas Robinson, born 1738; eldest 
 Robinson. son of first Baron Grantham; suc- 
 ceeded his father, 1770 ; Ambassador 
 to Spain; President of Board of Trade 
 and Foreign Secretary; died 1786'. 
 Mr. Robert Robert Wood, born 17 14. in Ireland; 
 Wood. travelled with Mr. James Dawkins to 
 
 Palmyra and Baalbec; M.P.; Under- 
 Secretary of State ; died 1 77 1. 
 Mr. Thomas Thomas Pitt, bom 1737; nephew of 
 Pitt. the Earl of Chatham; M.P.; a 
 
 well-known amateur ; created Baron 
 Camelford, 1784; died 1793. 
 Marquess of Francis Russell, Marquess of Tavis- 
 Tavisto ck. tock, born 1739 ; eldest son of fourth 
 Duke of Bedford; accidentally killed, 
 1767. 
 
 1764. 
 
 Mr. Mackye- John Ross-Mackye (re-elected). 
 Ross. 
 
 Lord Wark- Hugh Percy, Lord Warkworth, born 
 worth. 1742 ; eldest son of Sir Hugh Smith- 
 
 son, afterwards Duke of Northum- 
 berland ; General in the Army and 
 Colonel of the Horse Guards ; M.P. ; 
 succeeded his mother as Baron Percy, 
 1776", and his father as second Duke 
 of Northumberland, 1786; K.G., 
 F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 1817. 
 
 Sir Edward 
 Dering, Bart. 
 
 Baron 
 Grantham. 
 
 Baron 
 Camelford. 
 
 Duke of 
 Northumber- 
 land. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Mr. Dundas. 
 
 Col.Carleton. 
 
 Lord 
 Montague. 
 
 Mr. Crowle. 
 
 Duke of Man- 
 chester. 
 
 Mr. Mytton. 
 
 Lord Middle- 
 sex. 
 
 Lord Clan- 
 brassill. 
 
 Mr. Stuart 
 Shaw. 
 
 1764 (continued}. 
 
 Thomas Dundas, born 1741 ; only son 
 of Sir Lawrence Dundas, Bart., and 
 succeeded his father as second 
 baronet ; M.P. ; created Baron 
 Dundas, 1794; died, as 'Father of 
 the Society,' 1820. 
 
 Guy Carleton, born 1724; Governor 
 of Canada and Commander-in-Chief 
 in America ; K.B. ; created Baron 
 Dorchester, 1786; died 1808. 
 
 John Brudenell-Montague, Lord 
 Montagu, born 1755^ son of 
 George Brudenell, third Earl of 
 Cardigan, and Mary, daughter and 
 co-heiress of Duke of Montagu ; 
 created Baron Montagu of Bough- 
 ton, 1762. ; styled Marquess of Mon- 
 thermer on his father's creation as 
 Duke of Montagu • died 1770. 
 
 John Charles Crowle, of Fryston 
 Hall, Wakefield ; a well-known 
 lawyer and antiquary; Secretary to 
 the Society, 1774-78; died 1811. 
 
 George Montagu, fourth Duke of 
 Manchester, born 1737; M.P. ; 
 succeeded his father, 1762 ; Lord 
 Chamberlain and Ambassador to 
 Paris; died 1788. 
 
 John Mytton, of Halston, Salop, born 
 1737; died 1783. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 John Hamilton, second Earl of Clan- 
 brassil, born 1729; succeeded his 
 father, 17^8 ; died 1798. 
 
 John Stewart-Shaw, eldest son of Sir 
 Michael Stewart, third baronet ; 
 M.P. ; assumed name of Shaw, and 
 succeeded his father as Sir John 
 Shaw-Stewart, Bart.; died 1812. 
 
 Baron Dundas. 
 
 Baron 
 
 Dorchester. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Monthermer. 
 
 Sir John Shaw 
 Stewart, Bart. 
 
hist of Members of 
 
 Mr. Thomas 
 Wynn. 
 
 Mr. Richard 
 Pennant. 
 
 Mr. Brand. 
 Mr. Crewe. 
 
 1764 {continued}. 
 
 Thomas Wynn, born 1736; son of 
 second baronet, and succeeded his 
 father as third baronet, 1773 ; M.P.; 
 Colonel in the Array; created Baron 
 Newborough, 1776; died 1807. 
 
 Richard Pennant, of Penrhyn ; M.P.; 
 created Baron Penrhyn, 1783; died 
 1808. 
 
 (? Re-elected.) 
 
 John Crewe, of Crewe Hall, born 1 741 ; 
 M.P. ; created Baron Crewe, 1806 • 
 died 1815). 
 
 Baron 
 
 Newborough. 
 
 Baron Penrhyn. 
 
 Baron Crewe. 
 
 Col. St. John. 
 
 Duke of 
 Roxburghe. 
 
 Mr. Topham 
 Beauclerk. 
 
 Sir Charles 
 Coote. 
 
 Lord Hin- 
 chinbroke. 
 
 1765. 
 
 Henry St. John, Colonel in the Army ; 
 M.P. ; Groom of the Bedchamber ; 
 a well-known social figure in his 
 day ; died 181 8. 
 
 John Ker, third Duke of Roxburghe, 
 born 1740 ; K.G., K.T., F.S.A., etc.; 
 Lord of the Bedchamber ; the well- 
 known antiquary and bibliophile; 
 died 1804. 
 
 Topham Beauclerk, born 1739; grand- 
 son of first Duke of St. Albans ; the 
 well-known wit, man of fashion, and 
 antiquary ; husband of Lady Diana 
 
 Beauclerk; died 1780. 
 
 Sir Charles Coote, Bart., born 1738 ; 
 natural son of Earl of Bellamont; 
 K.B., 1764 ; succeeded his cousin as 
 Baron Colrony, 1 j66 ; created Earl of 
 Bellamont, 1707, and baronet 1774; 
 died 1 800. 
 
 John Montagu, Lord Hinchinbroke, 
 born 174! ; eldest son of fourth Earl 
 of Sandwich, and succeeded his father, 
 175)1 ; died 18 14. 
 
 Earl of 
 Bellamont. 
 
 Earl of 
 Sandwich. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 263 
 
 1765 {continued}. 
 
 Mr. Langton. 
 
 Sir William 
 Boothby. 
 
 Mr. Crawford. 
 Sir Lawrence 
 Dundas. 
 
 Duke of Marl- 
 borough. 
 
 Duke of 
 Richmond. 
 
 Lord 
 
 Grosvenor. 
 
 Lord 
 Spencer. 
 
 Lord Palmer- 
 ston. 
 
 Bennet Langton, born 1737^ a well- 
 known member of polite and literary 
 society; friend of Dr. Johnson; 
 married the Countess of Rothes ; 
 died 1 80 1. 
 
 Sir William Boothby, Bart. ; suc- 
 ceeded his grandfather as fifth 
 baronet ; Major-General in the 
 Army; died 1787. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 George Spencer, fourth Duke of 
 Marlborough, born 1759; succeeded 
 his father, 1758 ; Lord Chamberlain, 
 Lord Privy Seal; K.G., F.R.S.; 
 died 1 81 7. 
 
 Charles Lennox, third Duke of 
 Richmond and Lennox, born 1735; 
 succeeded his father, 1750; Colonel 
 of Horse Guards, Lord of the Bed- 
 chamber, Ambassador to Paris, 
 Secretary of State, Master-General 
 of the Ordnance; K.G. ; died 1806. 
 
 Richard, Baron Grosvenor, born 
 1 7 3 1 ; succeeded his father as 
 seventh baronet, 175-5:; M.P. ; 
 created Baron Grosvenor, 17 61, 
 and Earl Grosvenor, 1784.; died 
 i8oa. 
 
 John, Baron Spencer of Althorp, 
 born 1734; created Viscount Spencer, 
 1761, and Earl Spencer, 1765; died 
 1783. 
 
 Henry Temple, second Viscount 
 Palmerston, born 1739; succeeded 
 his father, 1757; travelled and 
 collected works of art and anti- 
 quities; M.P. ; died 1802. 
 
 Earl Grosvenor. 
 
 Earl Spencer. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 Howard. 
 
 Mr. Southwell. 
 
 Col. Nugent. 
 
 Mr. Luke 
 Scrafton. 
 
 J 777 
 
 1765 {continued}. 
 
 Charles Howard, born 1710; son 
 of Henry Charles Howard of Grey- 
 stock, F.R.S., F.S.A.; succeeded his 
 cousin as Duke of Norfolk, 
 died 1786. 
 
 John George Southwell, born 1721 • 
 officer in the Guards ; succeeded his 
 father as third Viscount Southwell, 
 ij66 ; died 1780. 
 
 Edmund Craggs-Nugent, born 1731- 
 son of first Earl Nugent; Lieu- 
 tenant - Colonel of Foot Guards ; 
 died 1 77 1. 
 
 Luke Scrafton ; Director of East India 
 Company; Governor of Bengal; 
 drowned by shipwreck on his way to 
 India in 1767. 
 
 Duke of Norfolk. 
 
 Viscount 
 Southwell. 
 
 Earl of 
 Ossory. 
 
 Lord Mount- 
 stuart. 
 
 Mr. Weddell. 
 
 Col. Ligonier. 
 
 1766. 
 
 John Fitzpatrick, second Earl of 
 Upper Ossory, born 174.5"; married 
 to the divorced Duchess of Grafton ; 
 M.P., F.R.S.; died 1818. 
 
 John Stuart, Viscount Mountstuart, 
 born 1 744 ; eldest son of Earl of 
 Bute; succeeded his mother as 
 Viscount Mountstuart, 1 794, and his 
 father as fourth Earl of Bute, 1 79a ; 
 created Marquess of Bute, 1796; 
 died 1 8 14. 
 
 William Weddell, of Newby, co. 
 York, born 1736; M.P. ; a well- 
 known amateur and patron of art ; 
 died 179a. 
 
 John Ligonier, born 1 740 ; succeeded 
 as second Viscount Ligonier, 1770 ; 
 created Earl Ligonier, 1776; a 
 distinguished General in the Army ; 
 F.R.S.; died 178a. 
 
 Earl of Upper 
 Ossory. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Bute. 
 
 Earl Ligonier. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Mr. Reynolds. 
 LordFortrose. 
 
 Sir James 
 Porter. 
 
 Duke of 
 Buccleuch. 
 
 Mr. Fitz- 
 gerald. 
 
 Earl of 
 Carlisle. 
 
 Capt. Keith 
 Stewart. 
 
 Sir Sampson 
 Gideon. 
 
 Hon. John 
 Darner. 
 
 1766 {continued'). 
 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds, born 1723 ; the 
 eminent painter and President of 
 the Royal Academy ; died 1792. 
 
 Kenneth Mackenzie, born 1744; 
 grandson of the attainted Earl of 
 Seaforth ; created Viscount Fortrose, 
 1766, and Earl of Seaforth, 1771 ; 
 died 1 78 1. 
 
 Sir James Porter, born 1710; Am- 
 bassador to the Ottoman Porte, 1 746- 
 176a; F.R.S.; died 1776. 
 
 1767. 
 
 Henry Scott, third Duke of 
 Buccleuch, born 1746; succeeded 
 his father, 175-1 ; K.G., K.T. ; 
 succeeded to dukedom of Queens- 
 bery, 1810; died 1812. 
 
 George Robert Fitzgerald, born 
 1748 (?); nephew of the Earl of 
 Bristol ; known as ' Fighting Fitz- 
 gerald' ; tried on a charge of murder, 
 and executed at Castlebar in Ireland, 
 1786'. 
 
 Frederick Howard, fifth Earl of 
 Carlisle, born 1748 ; succeeded his 
 father, 1758- K.G., K.T.; Lord- 
 Lieutenant of Ireland ; died 182?. 
 Keith Stewart, third son of sixth 
 Earl of Galloway ; R.N. ; Admiral ; 
 died 1 75>5". 
 Sir Sampson Gideon, Bart., born 1 744 j 
 
 M.P., 
 
 created a baronet. 
 
 F.R.S. ; assumed name of Eardley, 
 1780; created Baron Eardley, 1789 j 
 died 1824. 
 
 1768. 
 
 John Damer, eldest son of Lord Milton ; 
 married Anne Seymour-Conway, the 
 sculptress; committed suicide, ijj6. 
 (Did not accept election.) 
 
 Sir Joshua 
 
 Reynolds, 
 
 P.R.A. 
 Earl of Seaforth. 
 
 Baron Eardley. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 1769. 
 
 Earl Fitz- 
 william. 
 
 Hon. Charles 
 James Fox. 
 
 Hon. George 
 Hobart. 
 
 Mr. Mytton. 
 Lord Sydney. 
 
 Mr. Gregory. 
 
 Hon. Stephen 
 Fox. 
 
 Mr. Payne. 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 Howard, 
 jun. 
 
 William, second Earl Fitzwilliam, 
 born 174.8 ; succeeded his father, 
 if)6 ^ inherited estates of Marquess 
 of Rockingham ; Lord President of 
 the Council, Lord-Lieutenant of 
 Ireland; K.G. ; died 1833. 
 
 Charles James Fox, born 174.51; third 
 son of first Baron Holland ; M.P. ; 
 the eminent statesman and orator ; 
 died 1806. 
 
 George Hobart, born i72£>(?); younger 
 son of first Earl of Buckinghamshire ; 
 succeeded his brother as third earl, 
 I 793 '■> one °f the chief supporters of 
 the Haymarket opera house ; died 
 1804. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 Dudley Alexander Cosby, Baron 
 Sydney, born i73o(?); Minister to 
 the Court of 
 Baron Sydney of Leix, 
 1774. 
 
 Robert Gregory, of Coole Park, 
 Galway; M.P. ; died 1810. 
 
 Stephen Fox, born 1 74.5 ; eldest son 
 of first Baron Holland ; succeeded his 
 
 Denmark ; created 
 1768 
 
 died 
 
 father, 1774; 
 died 1774. 
 
 Clerk of the Pells; 
 
 Ralph Payne, born 1735; Clerk of 
 the Household; M.P., K.B. ; 
 Governor of the Leeward Islands; 
 P.C. ; created Baron Lavington, 
 1795 ; died 1807. 
 
 Charles Howard, born 1 74.6 ; son of 
 Charles Howard, afterwards Duke 
 of Norfolk ; M.P. ; Lord of the 
 Treasury; styled Earl of Surrey, 
 1777-86; succeeded his father as 
 Duke of Norfolk, 1786; died 181 5. 
 
 Earl of Bucking 
 hamshire. 
 
 Baron Holland. 
 
 Baron 
 
 Lavington. 
 
 Duke of Norfolk. 
 
the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 1770. 
 
 Lord Robert Robert Spencer, third son of third 
 Spencer. Duke of Marlborough; Commissioner 
 
 of Trade; died 1831. 
 Mr. George George Augustus Selwyn, born 1719 ; 
 Selwyn. the well-known wit ; Surveyor-Gene- 
 
 ral of the Land Revenue ; died 1791. 
 Hon. Mr. Richard Fitzpatrick, born 1747; 
 Fitzpatrick. second son of first Earl of Upper 
 Ossory; M.P. ; Secretary at War; 
 General in the Army ; a writer of" 
 social and satirical verse ; died 181 3. 
 Lord Henry Thomas Fox-Strangways, 
 
 Stavordale. born 174.7 ? eldest son of first Earl 
 of Ilchester; M.P. ; succeeded his 
 father, 1776; died 1802. 
 Earl of William Henry Nassau de Zulestein, 
 
 Rochfbrd. fourth Earl of Rochford, born 171 7; 
 
 succeeded his father, 171 8; Am- 
 bassador to Paris and Madrid ; 
 Secretary of State and Lord Justice 
 of the Realm; K.G.; died 17 81. 
 Mr. Price. Uvedale Price, born 1747 ; friend of 
 Charles James Fox ; author of an 
 Essay on the Picturesque^ created 
 a baronet, 1828 ; died 18251. 
 Mr. Henry Henry Seymour-Conway, second son 
 Conway, of first Earl of Hertford ; Clerk of 
 
 jun. the Crown and Hanaper ; died 1830. 
 
 Colonel Henry Theophilus Clements, younger 
 
 Clements. brother of first Earl of Leitrim, born 
 1734 (?) ; Lieutenant-Colonel and 
 Paymaster-General in the Army ; 
 M.P., P.C.; died 1797. 
 Duke of William Cavendish, fifth Duke of 
 
 Devon- Devonshire, born 1 748 ; succeeded 
 
 shire. his father, 1764; Colonel in the 
 
 Army ; Lord High Treasurer of 
 Ireland ; K.G. ; married first Lady 
 Georgiana Spencer, second Lady 
 Elizabeth Foster; died 1811. 
 Mr. Wil- George Wilbraham, of Nantwich and 
 
 braham. Delamere, born 1741; died 1813. 
 
 Earl of Ilchester. 
 
 Sir Uvedale 
 Price, Bart. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Fitz- 
 herbert. 
 
 Mr. Hanger. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Hanger. 
 
 Mr. Ascough. 
 
 Mr. Arthur 
 Freeman. 
 
 Lord 
 
 Melbourne. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. 
 Burgoyne. 
 
 Lord 
 
 Petersham. 
 
 1770 (continued}. 
 
 Alleyne Fitzherbert, born 17 5 3; 
 Ambassador to Paris, St. Petersburg, 
 the Hague, and Madrid; G.C.H., 
 F.S.A., etc.; created Baron St. 
 Helen's, 1801; died 1839. 
 
 John Hanger, born 174.3 ; elder son 
 of first Baron Coleraine; succeeded 
 his father, 1773 ; died 1794. 
 
 William Hanger, born 1 744 ; younger 
 son of first Baron Coleraine ; M.P. ; 
 succeeded his brother as third Baron 
 Coleraine, 1794; died 18 14. 
 
 George Edward Ayscough ; son of 
 Dean of Bristol and nephew of Lord 
 Lyttelton ; Captain in the Guards; 
 author of Semiramis, a drama pro- 
 duced at Drury Lane; died 1779. 
 
 1771. 
 
 Arthur Freeman, of the Island of 
 Antigua ; married daughter of Sir 
 George Thomas, of Ratton. 
 
 1772. 
 
 Peniston Lamb, first Baron Melbourne, 
 born 1740; son of Sir Matthew Lamb, 
 Bart. ; created Baron Melbourne, 
 1770, and Viscount Melbourne, 
 1 78 1; Lord of the Bedchamber; 
 died 1828. 
 
 John Burgoyne, born 1 740 (?) ; eldest 
 son of sixth baronet; Colonel 
 of Dragoons, Lieutenant-General ; 
 succeeded his father as seventh 
 baronet, 17 80; died 1785". 
 
 Charles Stanhope, Lord Petersham, 
 born 175:3; eldest son of second 
 Earl of Harrington ; M.P. ; 
 succeeded his father as third earl, 
 1 799 ; General in the Army, Colonel 
 of 1st Life Guards and Commander- 
 in-Chief in Ireland ; G.C.H. ; died 
 1829. 
 
 Baron St. 
 Helen's. 
 
 Baron Coleraine 
 Baron Coleraine 
 
 Viscount 
 Melbourne. 
 
 Sir John 
 Burgoyne, 
 Bart. 
 
 Earl of 
 
 Harrington. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti i6<) 
 
 1773. 
 
 Luke Gardiner, born 1745; M.P. ; 
 created Baron Mountjoy, 1789, and 
 Viscount Mountjoy, 1795: ; killed at 
 the batttle of Ross in Ireland, 1798. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 1774. 
 
 Sir Joseph Banks, born 1744 ; son of 
 William Banks, of Revesby Abbey ; 
 celebrated as a traveller and 
 naturalist; President of the Royal 
 Society ; Secretary to the Society, 
 1778-97; created a baronet 1781 ; 
 K.B.; died i8ao. 
 
 Francis Godolphin-Osborne, Mar- 
 quess of Carmarthen, born i75"i; 
 eldest son of fourth Duke of Leeds ; 
 M.P. ; succeeded his father as 
 fifth duke, 1789; Ambassador to 
 Paris and Foreign Secretary ; K.G., 
 F.R.S. ; married to Amelia, Baroness 
 Conyers, heiress of the Earl of 
 Holdernesse, who eloped with 
 Colonel Byron; died 1799. 
 
 Charles Francis Greville, born 1 74.9 ; 
 second son of first Earl of Warwick 
 M.P. ; a well-known amateur 
 man of fashion ; F.R.S.; died 1809 
 
 and 
 
 Viscount 
 Mountjoy. 
 
 Sir Joseph Banks, 
 P.R.S. 
 
 Duke of Leeds. 
 
 1775. 
 
 Constantine John Phipps, born 1744; 
 eldest son of first Lord Mulgrave 
 (Ireland); R.N. ; in 1773 com- 
 manded the Racehorse on a voyage 
 to the Arctic seas; succeeded his 
 father, 1777; M.P.; Paymaster- 
 General; created Baron Mulgrave 
 (England), 1790; F.R.S. ; died 1792.. 
 
 (Re-elected). 
 
 Baron Mulgrave. 
 
x7o 
 
 List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Smyth. 
 
 Sir W. W. 
 Wynn, 
 Bart. 
 
 Earl of 
 Sandwich. 
 
 1775 {continued}. 
 
 John Smyth, of Heath Hall, Yorkshire, 
 born 1748; M.P. ; Lord of the 
 Admiralty and Master of the Mint ; 
 P.C.; died 1812. 
 
 Sir Watkin Williams- Wynn, Bart., 
 ofWynnstay, born 1 74J (?) ; succeeded 
 his father as fourth baronet, 174.9; 
 M.P., F.R.S.; died 1789. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 Mr. Spencer- 
 Stanhope. 
 
 Mr. John 
 Taylor. 
 
 Mr. Harvey. 
 Mr. Pierse. 
 
 Duke of 
 Dorset. 
 
 Mr. Bennett. 
 
 Lord Guern- 
 sey. 
 
 1776. 
 
 Walter Spencer-Stanhope, of Hors- 
 forth and Cannon Hall, Yorkshire, 
 born 1749; M.P.; died i8zr. 
 
 John Taylor, of Lyssons, Jamaica ; 
 created a baronet, 1778; died 
 i 7 8|. 
 
 Henry Peirse, of Bedale, Yorkshire, 
 born 1754; M.P.; died i8a4. 
 
 John Frederick Sackville, third Duke 
 of Dorset, born 1745'; grandson of 
 first duke ; M.P. ; succeeded his 
 uncle as third duke, 1769; Am- 
 bassador to Paris; Lord Steward of 
 the Household; K.G. ; died 1799. 
 
 Henry Astley Bennet, third son of 
 third Earl of Tankerville ; General 
 in the Army ; died i8if. 
 
 Heneage Finch, Lord Guernsey, born 
 1 751; eldest son of third Earl of 
 Aylesford; Lord Steward of the 
 Household, and Captain of the 
 Yeomen of the Guard ; succeeded his 
 
 father as fourth earl 
 181a. 
 
 F.R.S.; died 
 
 Sir John Taylor, 
 Bart. 
 
 Earl of Aylesford. 
 
the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 X7T 
 
 Capt. Wal- 
 singham. 
 
 Mr. Earle. 
 Mr. Brand. 
 
 Mr. George 
 Pitt, jun. 
 
 LordMonson. 
 
 Mr. Richard 
 Thompson. 
 
 Mr. S. Payne. 
 Gallwey. 
 
 Sir William 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Mr. Dance. 
 
 Mr. Charlton 
 Leigl.ton. 
 
 Captain 
 Gardner. 
 
 1776 {continued}, 
 
 Robert Boyle- Walsingham, born 
 1736' 5 fifth son of first Earl of 
 Shannon ; R.N. ; drowned in H.M.S. 
 Thunderer^ 1780 ; married to daughter 
 of Sir Charles Hanbury Williams. 
 
 George Earle. 
 
 Thomas Brand, of the Hoo, Herts ; 
 
 married heiress of eighteenth Lord 
 
 Dacre; died 1794. 
 George Pitt, of Strathfieldsaye, born 
 
 1751; M.P. ; succeeded his father 
 
 as second Baron Rivers, 1803 ; died 
 
 i8a8. 
 
 John, third Lord Monson, born 175-3 • 
 succeeded his father, 1774; Recorder 
 of the City of London; died 1806. 
 
 Richard Thompson, of Escrick Park, 
 Yorkshire, born 1745:; died 1820. 
 
 Stephen Payne-Gallwey, born 175*0; 
 son of Ralph Payne, of Tofts Hall, 
 Norfolk ; assumed name of Gallwey. 
 
 1777. 
 
 Sir William Hamilton, born 1730; 
 Ambassador to Naples; distinguished 
 as an antiquary and man of learning; 
 K.B.; died 1803. 
 
 Nathaniel Dance, born 1735' ; Royal 
 Academician and portrait painter; 
 assumed name of Holland and created 
 a baronet, 1800; M.P. ; died 18 11. 
 
 Charlton Leighton, eldest son of 
 third baronet; succeeded his father, 
 1780; M.P. ; died 1784. 
 
 Alan Gardner, born 1742; R.N. ; 
 served under Lord Howe on the 
 First of June, 1794; M.P. ; Lord of 
 the Admiralty ; Admiral and Com- 
 mander of the Channel Fleet; created 
 a baronet, and Baron Gardner, 
 1806; died 1819. 
 
 Baron Rivers. 
 
 Sir Nathaniel 
 Dance- 
 Holland, Bart. 
 
 Sir Charlton 
 
 Leighton, 
 
 Bart. 
 Baron Gardner. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. B. 
 Langlois. 
 
 Sir George 
 Shuckburgh. 
 
 Lord Chester- 
 field. 
 
 Mr. Garrick. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Granby. 
 
 Hon. John 
 Dawson. 
 
 Sir Richard 
 Worsley. 
 
 1777 {continued). 
 
 Benjamin Langlois, born 1727; 
 Secretary to Embassy at Vienna; 
 M.P. ; Under-Secretary of State and 
 Storekeeper of the Ordnance ; died 
 1803. 
 
 Sir George Augustus William Shuck- 
 burgh, sixth baronet; succeeded 
 his uncle, 1773 ; distinguished for 
 his philosophical researches; M.P., 
 F.RS.; died 1804. 
 
 Philip Stanhope, fifth Earl of Chester- 
 field, born 1755:; succeeded his 
 cousin, 1773 ; Master of the Horse; 
 Ambassador to Spain; K.G. ; died 
 1815-. 
 
 David Garrick, born 17 17; the 
 famous actor; died 1779. 
 
 1778. 
 
 Charles MANNERs,MarquessofGranby, Dukeof Rutland, 
 born 1754; succeeded his father, 
 1770, and his grandfather as fourth 
 Duke of Rutland, 1779; M.P.; Lord 
 Steward of the Household, Lord 
 Privy Seal; Viceroy of Ireland; 
 K.G.; died 1787. 
 
 John Dawson, born 1744; eldest son Earl of 
 
 of first Viscount Carlow; M.P. ; Portarlington. 
 succeeded his father, 1779; created 
 Earl of Portarlington, 1785"; married 
 daughter of Earl of Bute; died 1798. 
 
 Sir Richard Worsley, Bart., of Appul- 
 durcombe, born 175: 1 ; succeeded 
 as seventh baronet, 1768; British 
 Resident at Venice; travelled in 
 Greece, Asia Minor, and Italy, and 
 formed an important collection of 
 ancient marbles, published as the 
 Museum Worsleyanum in 1794, and 
 now at Brocklesby Park; M.P.,F.R.S.; 
 died 1805-. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 273 
 
 Mr. George 
 Colman. 
 
 Mr.Fortescue. 
 
 1778 {continued). 
 
 George Colman, born 1751; the 
 eminent dramatist; died 1794. 
 
 Hugh Fortescue, torn 175:3 • eldest 
 son of second Baron Fortescue; 
 M.P.; created Earl Fortescue, 1789 • 
 F.S.A.; died 1841. 
 
 Earl Fortescue. 
 
 Mr. Osborne. 
 
 Mr. Peachey. 
 
 Sir Edward 
 Swinburne. 
 
 Mr. Lewin 
 Smith. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Graham. 
 
 Mr. Joseph 
 Windham. 
 
 Viscount 
 Went- 
 worth. 
 
 Judge Thomas 
 Potter. 
 
 1779. 
 
 John Osborn, born 1 743 ; second son 
 of SirDanversOsborn, Bart.; Minister 
 to Dresden; M.P. 
 
 John Peachey, born 1 749 ; only son of 
 first Baron Selsey; M.P.; succeeded 
 his father, 1808; died 1816. 
 
 Sir Edward Swinburne, Bart., born 
 z 7 3 3 ; younger son of third baronet; 
 succeeded his brother as fifth baronet, 
 1763 ; died 1786. 
 
 John Lewin Smith. 
 
 James Graham, Marquess of Graham, 
 born 1755 ; eldest son of third Duke 
 of Montrose ; M.P. ; Vice-President 
 of the Board of Trade; succeeded 
 
 his father. 
 
 179°: 
 
 Master of the 
 
 Horse, Lord Chamberlain ; K.G. ; 
 died 1836. 
 
 Joseph Windham, of Felbrigg and Ears- 
 ham, Norfolk, born 1739; traveller, 
 scholar, and amateur ; F.R.S., F.S.A.; 
 
 died 1 8 10. 
 
 1780. 
 
 Thomas Noel, second Viscount Went- 
 worth, born 1745"; only son of first 
 viscount, and succeeded 1774; M.P.; 
 Lord of the Bedchamber; died 181 
 
 Thomas Potter; son of Thomas 
 Potter, wit and politician. 
 
 Baron Selsey. 
 
 Duke of 
 Montrose. 
 
 T 
 
X74 
 
 List of Members of 
 
 Mr. John 
 Campbell. 
 
 Mr. Brown. 
 
 1780 {continued}. 
 
 John Campbell, of Calder,born 1753 (?)• 
 M.P.; created Baron Cawdor, 1796; 
 F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 1821. 
 
 Lancelot Brown, born 1749 ; M.P.; 
 sonof 'Capability Brown'; died 1802. 
 
 Baron Cawdor. 
 
 Lord Caith- 
 ness. 
 
 Sir G. Onesi- 
 phorusPaul. 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 Gore. 
 
 Mr. Payne 
 Knight. 
 
 Sir Henry C. 
 Englefield. 
 
 Mr. Francis 
 Mackenzie. 
 
 1781. 
 
 John Sinclair, eleventh Earl of Caith- 
 ness, born 1757; succeeded his 
 father, 1779; died 1789. 
 
 Sir George Onesiphorus Paul, Bart., 
 born 1746; succeeded as second 
 baronet, 1774; died 1820. 
 
 Charles Gore, of Horksted, Yorkshire; 
 lived many years in Florence, and 
 travelled in Sicily with R. Payne 
 Knight and J. Philipp Hackert in 
 1777, of which Goethe afterwards 
 published the diary; resided some 
 years at Weimar as a friend of 
 Goethe; died 1807. 
 
 Richard Payne Knight, of Downton, 
 Herefordshire, born 17^0 ; resided 
 in Italy for several years; distin- 
 guished as an amateur and antiquary; 
 M.P. ; bequeathed his collections to 
 the British Museum ; died 1824. 
 
 Sir Henry Charles Englefield, Bart., 
 born 1752; succeeded his father, 
 1780; distinguished as an antiquary 
 and man of science; President of 
 the Society of Antiquaries; Secretary 
 to the Society, i~ 
 1822. 
 
 -1822; died 
 
 1782. 
 
 Francis Humberston Mackenzie, born 
 175-4; M.P.; Lieutenant-General in 
 the Army ; Governor of Barbadoes ; 
 created Baron St afoith, 1797; F.R.S.; 
 died 18 iy. 
 
 Baron Seaforth. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti z^f 
 
 Mr. Johnnes. 
 
 1783. 
 
 Thomas Johnes, of Llanvairclydogau and 
 Hafod, born 1 748 ; M.P. ; printer 
 and antiquary; died 1816. 
 
 Sir George 
 Beaumont. 
 
 1784. 
 
 Sir George Howland Beaumont, Bart., 
 born 1758 ; succeeded his father as 
 seventh baronet, 1762; the eminent 
 amateur and collector; died 1817. 
 
 Mr. Bowles. 
 Mr. Ellis. 
 
 1785. 
 
 Oldfield Bowles, of North Aston, 
 Oxford, born 
 
 CO. 
 
 died i8to. 
 
 174°, 
 
 John Thomas Ellis, of Wyddial, born 
 175-6; M.P.; died 1836. 
 
 Mr. Metcalfe. 
 
 Mr. Knight. 
 
 Mr. Sylvester 
 Douglas. 
 
 Mr. Townley. 
 
 1786. 
 
 Philip Metcalfe, born 1733; younger 
 son of Roger Metcalfe, of Hawstead, 
 Suffolk; M.P.,F.R.S.,F.S.A.; friend 
 and executor of Sir Joshua Reynolds ; 
 amateur and scholar; Treasurer to 
 the Society, 1794; died 18 18. 
 
 Edward Knight, of Wolverley, Wor- 
 cestershire; born 1734; first cousin to 
 Richard Payne Knight; died 1812. 
 
 Sylvester Douglas, born 1743; M.P.; 
 Chief Secretary for Ireland; Pay- 
 master-General, Surveyor-General of 
 Wooc's and Forests; F.R.S.; created 
 Baron Glenbervie, 1800; married 
 a daughter of Lord North; died 
 18x3. 
 
 Charles Townley (or Towneley), of 
 Towneley, born 1737; F.R.S.,F.S.A.; 
 the eminent collector of marbles and 
 antiquities, which he bequeathed to 
 the British Museum. 
 
 t 1 
 
 Baron 
 
 Glenbervie. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Roger 
 Wilbraham. 
 
 Mr. Henry 
 Crathorne. 
 
 Mr. James 
 Dawkins. 
 
 Mr. Cous- 
 maker. 
 
 Mr. Crache- 
 rode. 
 
 Mr.Symmons. 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 
 W.Herbert. 
 Col. Mitford. 
 
 Dr. Ash. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Parsons. 
 
 Mr.Christian. 
 
 1786 (continued). 
 
 Roger Wilbraham, born 175:0; younger 
 son of Roger Wilbraham, of Nant- 
 wich; collector of pictures and books; 
 M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A.J died 1836-. 
 
 Henry Crathorne ; F.R.S. ; died 
 1797- 
 
 1787. 
 
 James Dawkins, of Over Norton, 
 Oxford, born 1760; nephew of the 
 explorer ; M.P. ; assumed name of 
 Colyear; died 1843. 
 
 George Kein Hayward Coussmaker; 
 M.P. ; Colonel in the Army; 
 married daughter of Lord Clifford ; 
 died 1801. 
 
 R EV . C LAYTON MoRD AUNT C R ACHERODE, 
 
 born 1730; the eminent collector of 
 books and engravings, which he 
 bequeathed to the British Museum; 
 F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 175,9. (Pro- 
 posed by the Society.) 
 
 John Symmons. 
 
 Charles W. Herbert. 
 
 William Mitford, of Exbury, Hants, 
 born 1744; Colonel in the Militia; 
 author of the History of Greece; M.P., 
 F.S.A.; died 1817. 
 
 John Ash, born 1713; M.D., F.R.S. ; 
 founder of the Eumelian Society ; 
 died 1798. 
 
 1788. 
 
 William Parsons, F.R.S. ; poet and 
 member of the 1 Delia Cruscan ' 
 Society ; joint author of The Florence 
 Miscellany. 
 
 John Christian, of Milata and Ewan- 
 rigg ; M.P.; assumed name of 
 Curwen; died l8ac,. 
 
the Society of "Dilettanti 177 
 
 1788 (continued}, 
 
 Robert Wood, son of Robert Wood, the 
 
 explorer of Palmyra ; M.P., F.R.S. 
 James Hugh Smith-Barry, of Marbury 
 
 Hall, born 174.6^ - died 1801. 
 Edward Winnington, born 1749; 
 
 succeeded as second baronet- F.R.S.; 
 
 died 1805-. 
 
 1789. 
 
 Alexander Brodie, of Madras, born 
 1728 ; third son of James Brodie, of 
 Spynie; M.P. ; died 1812. 
 
 Roger Pettiward, of Great Finborough, 
 
 Suffolk ; son of Roger Mortlock, 
 
 D.D., afterwards Pettiward ; F.S.A. 
 Master of the Stationers' Company ; 
 died 1833. 
 
 Sir James St. Clair Erskine, born 
 Ij6x ; succeeded as sixth baronet, 
 176*) ■> General in the Army; suc- 
 ceeded his uncle as second Earl of 
 Rosslyn, 1805; died 1837. 
 
 Sir Abraham Hume, Bart., born 1 749 ; 
 M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A. ; a well-known 
 amateur and collector; died 1838. 
 
 Sir Edward 
 Winnington, 
 Bart. 
 
 Earl of Rosslyn. 
 
 1790. 
 
 Frederick North, born 1766; third 
 son of second Earl of Guilford ; M.P.; 
 Comptroller of the Customs of Lon- 
 don; G.C.M.G., F.R.S. ; succeeded 
 his brother as fifth Earl, 1 8 1 7 ; 
 died 18x7. 
 
 Philip Yorke, born 1757 * son of Lord 
 Chancellor Charles Yorke ; suc- 
 ceeded his uncle as third Earl of 
 Hardwicke, 1790; Viceroy of Ireland; 
 
 K.G. 
 
 F.R.S., F.S.A. 
 
 George Pocock, born 
 
 F.R.S. ; created 
 died 1840. 
 
 died 1834.. 
 17^; M.P., 
 
 a baronet, i8ai 
 
 Earl of Guilford. 
 
 Earl of 
 
 Hardwicke. 
 
 Sir George 
 Pocock, Bart. 
 
X78 
 
 List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Dundas. 
 
 Mr. Bury. 
 Mr. Stanley. 
 
 Mr. Roger 
 Palmer. 
 
 Mr. Curwen. 
 
 Mr. Ellis. 
 
 Mr. A. M. 
 
 Storer. 
 
 Earl of 
 Wycombe. 
 
 I 79° {continued). 
 
 Lawrence Dundas, born 1766 ; eldest 
 son of first Baron Dundas ; succeeded 
 his father, i8zo; created Earl of 
 Zetland, 1838 ^ died 18351. 
 
 Charles William Bury, born 1764; 
 F.R.S.,F.S.A.; created BaronCharle- 
 ville, 1806' • died 1835-. 
 
 John Thomas Stanley, born ij66 ; 
 M.P.; succeeded as seventh baronet ; 
 created Baron Stanley of Alderley, 
 1835,- F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 185:0. 
 
 John Roger Palmer; succeeded his 
 father as second baronet ; died 18 19. 
 
 John Christian Curwen (re-elected). 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 ANraoNY Morris Storer, of Purley, 
 born 1742 ; M.P. ; Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary to Paris ; bibliophile, and 
 bequeathed his library to Eton Col- 
 lege ; died 1799. 
 
 John Henry Petty, Earl of Wycombe, 
 born 1765"; M.P. ; succeeded his 
 father as second Marquess of Lans- 
 downe, 1805- ; died 1809. 
 
 Earl of Zetland. 
 
 Baron Charle- 
 ville. 
 
 Baron Stanley of 
 Alderley. 
 
 Sir John Roger 
 Palmer, Bart. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Lansdowne. 
 
 Sir Richard 
 Worsley. 
 
 Mr. Andrew 
 Barnard. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Abercorn. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 I79L 
 
 Andrew Francis Barnard, born 1773; 
 General in the Army ; distinguished 
 in the Peninsular War; G.C.H., 
 1834; G.C.B., 1840; Equerry to 
 George IV, and Clerk Marshal to 
 Queen Adelaide ; died 1855. 
 
 John James Hamilton, first Marquess 
 of Abercorn, born 1756; succeeded 
 his uncle as ninth Earl of Abercorn, 
 1789; created Marquess, 1790; K.G.; 
 died 1818. 
 
 Sir Andrew 
 Barnard, G.C.B. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 X79 
 
 Sir Richard 
 Colt Hoare. 
 
 Mr. Thomas 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Lord Eardley. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Sotheby. 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 Long. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin 
 West. 
 
 Mr. Walpole. 
 
 1792. 
 
 Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart., born 
 175-8 ; succeeded as second baronet, 
 1787; the eminent traveller and 
 antiquary; F.R.S.,F.S.A.; died 1838. 
 
 Thomas Lawrence, born 1 j6y ; the 
 eminent portrait painter and Presi- 
 dent of the Royal Academy; Secretary 
 to the Society, 1812-25); knighted, 
 1815 ; died 1830. 
 
 Sampson Gideon, Lord Eardley. (Re- 
 elected.) 
 
 William Sotheby, born 175-7 • officer 
 in the Army; author of various poems 
 and translations of Homer, Virgil, 
 etc.; F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 1833. 
 
 Charles Long, born 1760; son of 
 Beeston Long, of Carshalton, Surrey 
 M.P.; Paymaster-General; G.C.B. 
 created Baron Farnborough, 1826 
 a well-known amateur and patron 
 of art ; died 1838. 
 
 Benjamin West, born 1738 in Penn- 
 sylvania; the eminent painter; Presi- 
 dent of the Royal Academy, 1792; 
 died 1820. 
 
 Thomas Walpole, of Stagbury, born 
 1755; Minister to the Court of 
 Bavaria ; died 1 84.0. 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 Lawrence, 
 P.R.A. 
 
 Baron 
 
 Farnborough. 
 
 1793. 
 
 !; M.P., F.R.S.; Gover- 
 
 Sir William Sir William Young, Bart., born 1742 ; 
 Young. succeeded his father as second 
 
 baronet, 17! 
 
 nor of Tobago; died 1811. 
 Mr. Tighe. Robert Stearne Tighe, of Mitchels- 
 town, born 1760; F.R.S.; died 1835. 
 Sir Henry Sir Henry Gotjgh Calthorpe, Bart., 
 Gough born 174.5); succeeded his father as 
 
 Calthorpe. second baronet, 1774; assumed name 
 of Calthorpe, 1788; M.P. ; created 
 Baron Calthorpe, 175X) ; died 1798. 
 
 Baron Calthorpe. 
 
x8o 
 
 List of Members of 
 
 Colonel 
 Fullarton. 
 
 Lord Eardley. 
 
 Mr. Robert 
 Chester. 
 
 William 
 
 I794- 
 
 Fullarton, 
 
 of Fullarton, 
 
 born 175-4 • M.P.; Colonel and after- 
 wards General in the Army; raised 
 Fullarton's horse for the war in Spain ; 
 Commander-in-Chief in India ; Go- 
 vernor of Trinidad ; died 1808. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 Robert Chester, of Bush Hall, Herts., 
 born 1768; Master or the Ceremonies. 
 
 Sir Robert 
 Chester. 
 
 Sir Robert 
 Ainslie. 
 
 Mr. Hugh 
 Scott. 
 
 Mr. Pole 
 Carew. 
 
 Mr. Womb- 
 well. 
 
 Mr.Symmons. 
 Mr. Mathew. 
 
 1795. 
 
 Sir Robert Ainslie, born 1730 (?); 
 Ambassador to the Ottoman Porte ; 
 M.P. ; a well-known collector of 
 coins and other antiquities ; created 
 a baronet, 1804.; died 181 2. 
 
 Hugh Scott, born 175-8 ^ M.P. ; as- 
 sumed name of Hepburne; succeeded 
 his mother as Baron Polwarth, 1835"; 
 died 1 841. 
 
 Reginald Pole Carew, of Antony, 
 Cornwall, born 17^; M.P. ; Com- 
 missioner of Trade ; P.C., F.R.S. ; 
 died 1835-. 
 
 1796. 
 
 George Womb well, born 1769; suc- 
 ceeded as second baronet ; died 
 1846. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 Francis James Mathew, born 1 768 ; 
 eldest son of first Earl of Llandaff ; 
 M.P. ; succeeded his father as second 
 earl, 1806; died 1833. 
 
 Sir Robert 
 Ainslie, Bart. 
 
 Baron Polwarth. 
 
 Sir George 
 Wombwcll. 
 Bart. 
 
 Earl of LlandafF. 
 
 Sir John 
 Throck- 
 morton. 
 
 1797. 
 
 Sir John Courtenay Throckmorton, 
 born 1753; succeeded his grandfather 
 as fifth baronet, 1791 ; died 18 15). 
 
the Society of "Dilettanti 281 
 
 Mr.Champer- 
 nowne. 
 
 Hon. William 
 R. Spencer. 
 
 Mr. Brian 
 Edwards. 
 
 Mr. John 
 Hawkins. 
 
 Mr. J. B. S. 
 Morritt. 
 
 Duke of 
 Somerset. 
 
 1798 [continued). 
 
 Arthur Champernowne, born 1769; 
 son of Rev. Richard Harington, of 
 Dartington, Devon; assumed name 
 of Champernowne ; M.P. ; a well- 
 known collector of pictures ; died 
 1819. 
 
 1799. 
 
 William Robert Spencer, born 1769; 
 second son of Lord Charles Spencer, 
 grandson of third Duke of Marl- 
 borough ; Commissioner of Stamps ; 
 well known as a wit and poet of 
 society ; died 1834.. 
 
 Bryan Edwards, F.R.S., born 1743 ; 
 author of a history of the West 
 Indies; M.P. ; died 1800. 
 
 John Hawkins, of Bignor Park, born 
 1758 (?); traveller and collector of 
 antiquities; F.R.S. ; died 1841. 
 
 John Bacon Sawrey Morritt, of Roke- 
 by,born 1771 (?); travelled in Greece 
 and Asia Minor; M.P. ; friend of 
 Sir Walter Scott; died 1843. 
 
 Edward Adolphus Seymour, Duke of 
 Somerset, born 177?; succeeded his 
 father, 1793 ; President of the Lin- 
 nean Society and the Royal Institu- 
 tion ; K.G., F.R.S.; died 185-5. 
 
 1800. 
 
 Mr. W. William Drummond, born 1770 (?) ; Sir William 
 
 Drummond. Minister at Naples and Ambassador Drummond. 
 to the Ottoman Porte ; author of 
 Odin, a poem, and various archaeo- 
 logical works ; F.R.S. ; died 1828. 
 
 Hon. John John Trevor, born 1749; younger Viscount 
 Trevor. son of Viscount Hampden ; Minister Hampden, 
 
 to Diet of Ratisbon and to Court 
 of Sardinia ; succeeded as third Vis- 
 count Hampden ; died i8a8. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Willet. 
 
 M r . Thomas 
 Hope. 
 
 Mr. Strickland 
 Freeman. 
 
 Mr. Henry 
 Hope. 
 
 Lord John 
 Town- 
 shend. 
 
 Lord 
 
 Morpeth. 
 
 Lord 
 
 Northwick. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Douglas. 
 
 1800 (co?itinued}. 
 
 John Willett Adye, of Merlye, born 
 1 744 ; assumed name of Willett ; 
 M.P., F.S.A.; died 181 5. 
 
 Thomas Hope, of Deepdene, born 
 1770 (?) • travelled in the East; 
 amateur and collector; author of 
 Anastaslus^ F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 
 183 1. 
 
 1801. 
 
 Strickland Freeman, of Fawley Court ; 
 born 175-4. • died 1821. 
 
 Henry Hope, born 1736; banker at 
 Amsterdam and London ; D.C.L. ; 
 died i 81 1. 
 
 John Townshend, of Balls Park, Herts, 
 born 1757; younger son of first 
 Marquess Townshend ; M.P. ; Pay- 
 master-General ; wit and poet ; died 
 1833. 
 
 1802. 
 
 George Howard, Viscount Morpeth, 
 born 1773; eldest son of fifth Earl 
 of Carlisle ; M.P. ; succeeded his 
 father, 1825; Lord Privy Seal; K.G.; 
 died 1848. 
 
 John Rushout, first Baron Northwick, 
 born 1738; succeeded as fifth baronet, 
 1773; M.P. ; created Baron North- 
 wick, 175)7; an eminent collector of 
 pictures and works of art ; died 1800. 
 
 1803. 
 
 Alexander Hamilton, Marquess of 
 Douglas, born 1767; eldest son of 
 ninth Duke of Hamilton; M.P.; 
 succeeded his father as tenth Duke 
 of Hamilton and Brandon, 18 19; 
 Ambassador to the Court of Russia 
 Lord High Steward ; K.G 
 eminent collector of pictures, MSS 
 etc.; died 1852. 
 
 Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 5 
 
 an 
 
 Duke of 
 Hamilton. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 283 
 
 Col. Turner. 
 
 Mr. W. 
 
 Maddox. 
 
 Sir John Coxe 
 Hippisley. 
 
 1804. 
 
 TOMKYNS HlLGROVE TURNER J Colonel 
 
 and afterwards Major-General in the 
 Army 3 F.R.S.; G.C.H. ; Lieut- 
 Governor of Jersey j died 1843. 
 
 William Alexander Madocks, of 
 Tremadoc, born 1774; philanthro- 
 pist ; M.P. ; died 1818. 
 
 Sir John Coxe Hippisley, first baronet, 
 born 1748; resided some time in 
 Italy ; M.P. ; created a baronet, 
 175)6'; Manager of the British In- 
 stitution ; F.R.S. ; died 1815-. 
 
 Sir Hilgrove 
 Turner, G.C.H. 
 
 1805. 
 
 Earl Cowpcr. 
 
 Lord Bor- 
 ringdon. 
 
 Mr. John 
 Towneley. 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 Watkin 
 Williams- 
 Wynn. 
 
 Mr. Samuel 
 Rogers. 
 
 Earl of 
 Aberdeen. 
 
 Peter Leopold 
 Cowper, 
 of third 
 
 his brother, 
 1837. 
 
 Nassau, fifth Earl 
 born 1778; younger son 
 Earl Cowper; succeeded 
 
 1799; F.R.S. ; died 
 
 John Parker, second Baron Boringdon, 
 born 177a; succeeded his father, 
 1788 ; created Earl of Morley, 1815-; 
 F.R.S.; died 1840. 
 
 John Towneley, of Towneley, born 
 173*5 F.R.S. ; died 1813. 
 
 Charles Watkin Williams- Wynn, 
 born 1775; second son of Sir 
 Watkin Williams- Wynn, Bart. ; 
 M.P. ; Chancellor of the Duchy of 
 Lancaster and Secretary at War; 
 F.S.A.; died 1850. 
 
 Samuel Rogers, born ij6z; the 
 eminent poet ; collector of pictures 
 and works of art ; F.R.S.; died 185?. 
 
 George Hamilton-Gordon, fourth Earl 
 of Aberdeen, born 1784; travelled 
 in Greece and collected antiquities; 
 statesman, diplomatist, and scholar ; 
 Foreign Secretary, Secretary at War, 
 and Prime Minister; died i860. 
 
 Earl of Morley. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Lord 
 
 Ebrington. 
 
 Dr. Charles 
 Burney. 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 Hanbury 
 Tracy. 
 
 Sir Watkin 
 Williams- 
 Wynn. 
 
 Hon. Henry 
 Bennett. 
 
 Lord Charle- 
 ville. 
 
 Mr. Henry 
 Philip 
 Hope. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Gell. 
 
 Mr. Spalding. 
 
 1805 {continued^ 
 
 Hugh Fortescue, Viscount Ebrington, 
 born 1783 • eldest son of first Earl 
 Fortescue ; M.P. ; succeeded his 
 father, 1841; Lord Steward, Lord- 
 Lieutenant of Ireland ; K.G. : died 
 
 i8(fi. 
 
 1806. 
 
 Charles Burney, born 1726 ; the emi- 
 nent musician and author ; F.R.S. ; 
 died 18 14. 
 
 Charles Hanbury Tracy, of Todding- 
 ton, born 1778; son of John Hanbury, 
 of Pontypool; assumed name of 
 Tracy; created Baron Sudeley,i838; 
 died i8?8. 
 
 Sir Watkin Williams- Wynn, Bart., 
 born 1771; succeeded his father as 
 fifth baronet, 1789; M.P. ; died 
 
 1840. 
 
 1807. 
 
 Henry Grey Bennet, born 1777; 
 second son of fourth Earl of Tanker- 
 vine; died 1836". 
 
 Charles William Bury, Baron 
 Charleville (re-elected). 
 
 Henry Phtlip Hope, younger brother 
 of Thomas Hope ; banker and col- 
 lector of works of art ; died 1839. 
 
 William Gell, born 1777; son of 
 Philip Gell, of Hopton ; knighted for 
 his services in the Ionian Islands, 
 1803; travelled in Greece, the East 
 and Italy, and on the Ionian Ex- 
 pedition ; resided latterly at Naples ; 
 F.R.S.; died 1836. 
 
 John Spalding, of Holm, born 1763 ; 
 M.P., F.R.S. ; died 1815-. 
 
 Earl Fortescue. 
 
 Baron Sudeley. 
 
 Sir William Gell. 
 
the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 1808. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Dickenson. 
 
 Mr. Frederick 
 Foster. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Wilkins. 
 
 Earl of 
 Dunmore. 
 
 William Dickinson, of King's Weston, 
 Somerset; 00011771; M.P. ; Lord 
 Commissioner of the Admiralty ; 
 died 1837. 
 
 1809. 
 
 Frederick Foster, of Dunleer, born 
 1777; elder son of John Thomas 
 and Lady Elizabeth Foster; M.P. 
 
 William Wilkins, born 1778; archi- 
 tect, Royal Academician, and author; 
 died 1839. 
 
 1810. 
 
 George Murray, fifth Earl of Dunmore, 
 born 1762; M.P. ; succeeded his 
 father, 1809; died 1836". 
 
 1811. 
 
 Mr. W. R. William Richard Hamilton, born 
 Hamilton. 1777 ; son of Rev. Anthony Hamil- 
 ton, Archdeacon of Colchester ; 
 Secretary to the Earl of Elgin in 
 Greece ; M.P. ; Under-Secretary of 
 State for Foreign Affairs; Minister 
 to the Court of Naples, 1821-4; 
 Secretary to the Society, 1830-5-9; 
 F.R.S.; died 1879. 
 
 Mr. Foster Foster Cunliffe, born 1782; eldest son 
 Cunliffe. of Sir Foster Cunliffe, third baronet ; 
 
 assumed name of Offley ; died 1832. 
 
 1812. 
 
 Col. William William Sotheby, born 1781 ; son of 
 Sotheby. William Sotheby the poet ; Colonel 
 
 in the Army; died 1815-. 
 
 Mr. Peregrine Peregrine Towneley, of Towneley, 
 Towneley. born 1762; F.R.S. ; died 184.6. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Henry 
 Drum- 
 mond. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Fitzhugh. 
 
 Mr. Edward 
 Davenport. 
 
 Major Leake. 
 
 1812. 
 
 Henry Drummond, of the Grange, 
 
 Hampshire, born 1785-; 
 M.P., F.S.A.; died i860 
 
 William 
 Southampton 
 
 Fitzhugh, of 
 M.P. 
 
 banker. 
 
 Millbrook, 
 
 1814. 
 
 Edward Davenport [? Edward Davies 
 Davenport, of Capesthorne, born 
 1778 ; died 184.7]. 
 
 William Martin Leake, born 1777; 
 Major and afterwards Colonel of 
 Royal Artillery ; travelled in Greece, 
 Turkey, and the East ; collector of 
 coins and antiquities, and author ; 
 F.R.S.: died i860. 
 
 Mr. H. C. 
 Howard. 
 
 Lord 
 
 Ebrington. 
 
 Mr. John 
 Hookham 
 Frere. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Stafford. 
 
 1815. 
 
 Henry Charles Howard, born 1791 ; 
 only son of Bernard Howard, after- 
 wards Duke of Norfolk; M.P., 
 F.R.S.; Treasurer of the Household ; 
 succeeded his father as Duke of 
 Norfolk, 184.x; K.G.; Master of the 
 Horse and Lord High Steward; 
 died i8?6. 
 
 (Re-elected.) 
 
 John Hookham Frere, of Roydon 
 Hall, born 1769 ; M.P. ; Minister to 
 Lisbon and Ambassador to Madrid ; 
 author and antiquary; P.C.; died 
 184.6. 
 
 George Granville Leveson-Gower, 
 born 1758 ; second son of second 
 Earl Gower ; M.P. ; married to 
 Countessof Sunderland; Ambassador 
 to Paris, 1790-9X5 as Earl Gower; 
 succeeded his father as Marquess of 
 Stafford, 1803 ; created Duke of 
 Sutherland, 1855 ; K.G. ; died 1833. 
 
 Duke of Norfolk. 
 
 Duke of 
 Sutherland. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 187 
 
 Mr. Richard 
 Heber. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Lansdowne. 
 
 Earl of 
 Charlemont. 
 
 1815 [continued^. 
 
 Richard Heber, of Hodnet, born 
 1773 ; M.P. ; scholar and bibliophile; 
 died 1833. 
 
 Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, third Mar- 
 quess of Lansdowne, born 1780; 
 M.P. ; succeeded as Earl of Kerry, 
 and as Marquess, 1809 ; Home Sec- 
 retary, Lord President of the Council; 
 K.G., F.R.S.; died 1863. 
 
 Francis William Caulfeild, second 
 Earl of Charlemont, born 1775"; 
 K.P.; died 1863. 
 
 Mr. Francis 
 Horner. 
 
 Col. Legh. 
 
 1816. 
 
 Francis Horner, born 1778; M.P.; 
 statesman and political economist ; 
 died 1817. 
 
 Thomas Legh, of Lyme, born 18 14.; 
 M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 1857. 
 
 Mr. Richard 
 West- 
 macott. 
 
 Sir John E. 
 Swinburne. 
 
 Mr. Dundas. 
 
 Mr. J. N. 
 Fazakerly. 
 
 Mr. Gaily 
 Knight. 
 
 1817. 
 
 Richard Westmacott, born 177?; 
 sculptor and Royal Academician ; 
 knighted 1837; died 18 5- 6. 
 
 Sir John Edward Swinburne, Bart., 
 born 1762; succeeded as sixth 
 baronet, 1 786; F.R.S., F.S.A. ; died 
 1860. 
 
 Thomas Dundas, born 1795; eldest 
 son of first Earl of Zetland; succeeded 
 his father, 1839; K.T. ; died 1873. 
 
 John Nicholas Fazakerly, of Stodley, 
 Devon, and Burwood Park, Surrey, 
 born 1787; M.P. ; traveller and 
 antiquary; died 1851. 
 
 Henry Gally Knight, born 1786 ; 
 traveller, antiquary, and author ; 
 M.P., F.R.S. ; assumed name of 
 Knight ; died 184.6". 
 
 Sir Richard 
 Westmacott, 
 R.A. 
 
 Earl of Zetland. 
 
x88 
 
 List of Members of 
 
 1817 {continued}. 
 
 Mr. Charles Charles Standish, of Standish Hall, 
 Standish. born 1790 ; son of Thomas Strick- 
 
 land, of Sizergh ; assumed name of 
 Standish; died 1863. 
 
 1818. 
 
 Earl of Archibald John Primrose, fourth Earl 
 
 Rosebery. of Rosebery, born 1783; M.P. ; 
 
 succeeded his father, 18 14; K.T., 
 F.R.S.; died \%66. 
 
 1819. 
 
 Mr. Henry Henry Hallam, born 1 777 ; the 
 Hallam. eminent historian; F.R.S., F.S.A. ; 
 
 died 185"^. 
 
 Hon. Robert Robert Henry Clive, of Oakley, born 
 Clive. 1789 ; second son of first Earl of 
 
 Powis ; M.P. ; married to Baroness 
 Windsor; died 1854. 
 
 Duke of John Russell, sixth Duke of Bedford, 
 
 Bedford. born 1766; M.P. ; succeeded his 
 
 father, i8oa; Lord-Lieutenant of 
 Ireland; K.G. ; died 1839. 
 
 1821. 
 
 Hon. William William Ponsonby, born 1787; third 
 Ponsonby. son of third Earl of Bessborough ; 
 
 M.P., F.R.S.; created Baron de 
 Mauley, 1838; died 1855:. 
 
 Mr. William William John Bankes, of Kingston 
 J. Bankes. Lacy, born iy%6(})$ M.P.; died 
 185?. 
 
 Hon. G. A. George James Welbore Agar-Ellis, 
 Ellis. born 1797; son of second Viscount 
 
 Clifden; M.P., F.S.A. ; amateur 
 and antiquary; Commissioner of 
 Woods and Forests ; created Baron 
 Dover, 183 1 ; died 1833. 
 
 Baron de 
 Mauley. 
 
 Baron Dover 
 
the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 189 
 
 182I (continued}. 
 
 Mr. Greville Fulke Greville Upton, born 1773; 
 Howard. second son of first Baron Temple- 
 
 town; married Miss Howard of Castle 
 Risingand assumed nameof Howard; 
 M.P.; died 
 
 182a. 
 
 Earl Clan- Richard Meade, third Earl of Gan- 
 william. william, born 1795"; succeeded his 
 
 father, 1805 ; Under-Secretary for 
 Foreign Affairs ; Ambassador at 
 Berlin ; died 1875?. 
 
 1823. 
 
 Marquess of Richard Plantagenet Temple Nu- 
 Chandos. gent Brydges Chandos Grenville, 
 
 Marquess of Chandos, born 1797; 
 M.P. ; succeeded his father as second 
 Duke of Buckingham, 185-9; K.G., 
 G.C.B. ; amateur and collector at 
 Stowe ; Lord Privy Seal ; died l%6l. 
 
 Duke of 
 
 Buckingham. 
 
 Mr. James 
 Christie. 
 
 1824. 
 
 James Christie the younger, 
 
 1775 ; auctioneer, 
 author ; died 183 1. 
 
 amateur, 
 
 born 
 and 
 
 1826. 
 
 Mr. Wood. Robert Henry Wood. 
 
 Mr. Peel. Robert Peel, born 1788 ; the eminent 
 
 statesman; succeeded as second baro- 
 net, 18 jo; Prime Minister; died 
 1850. 
 
 Sir Benjamin Sir Benjamin Hobhouse, Bart., born 
 Hobhouse. 17^7 ; M.P. ; created a baronet, 
 1811; F.R.S., F.S.A. ; died 183 1. 
 u 
 
 Sir Robert Peel, 
 Bart. 
 
190 List of Members of 
 
 1826 {continued}. 
 
 George George Villiers, born 1800; grand- 
 
 Villiers. son of first Earl of Clarendon • suc- 
 
 ceeded his uncle as fourth earl 
 1858 ; Ambassador to Madrid ; Sec- 
 retary for Foreign Affairs; Lord- 
 Lieutenant of Ireland ; K.G. ; died 
 1870. 
 
 Lord Dudley. John William Ward, fourth Viscount 
 Dudley and Ward, born 1 78 1 ; M.P. ; 
 succeeded his father, 181.3 ; Secretary 
 for Foreign Affairs ; created Earl of 
 Dudley, 18x7; died 1833. 
 
 Right Hon. Frederick Robinson, born 178a; 
 Frederick second son of second Baron Grant- 
 
 Robinson, ham ; M.P. ; President of the Board 
 of Trade ; Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer; created Viscount Goderich, 
 181 7; Prime Minister; Lord Privy 
 Seal; created Earl of Ripon, 1833 ; 
 died 185-5). 
 
 Sir Archibald Sir Archibald Edmonstone, Bart., 
 Edmon- born 175)5"; succeeded his father as 
 
 stone. third baronet, 1821 ; died 18 71. 
 
 Earl of 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Earl of Dudley. 
 
 Earl of Ripon. 
 
 1828. 
 
 Capt. Fitz- George Augustus Fitzclarence, born 
 clarence. 1704. ; eldest son of William IV and 
 
 Mrs. Jordan; Captain and afterwards 
 Colonelinthe Army; F.R.S.,F.S.A.; 
 created Earl of Munster, 1831 ; died 
 184.2. 
 
 Mr. Philip Philip PusEY,born 1 790; M.P., F.R.S. ; 
 Pusey. died 185-5% 
 
 Earl of Munster. 
 
 1829. 
 
 Sir George Sir George Henry Staunton, Bart., 
 Staunton. born 1781; succeeded his father as 
 
 second baronet, 18 10; Commissioner 
 to China; M.P., F.R.S. ; died 185-5,. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 191 
 
 1830. 
 
 M r. Davies Davies Giddy Gilbert, born i j6 7 ; 
 Gilbeit. chemical philosopher and President 
 
 of the Royal Society ; assumed name 
 of Gilbert; M.P. ; died 1839. 
 
 Mr. Deering. John Peter Gandy, born 1757 
 architect and Royal Academician 
 travelled with Sir William Gell 
 assumed name of Deering, 1827 
 M.P.; died i8?o. 
 
 Sir Richard Sir Richard Rawlinson Vyvyan, Bart., 
 Vyvyan. born 1800; succeeded his father as 
 
 eighth baronet, 1820; M.P. ; died 1 8 79. 
 
 Mr. Terrick Terrick Hamilton, born 1781 ; 
 Hamilton. younger son of Archdeacon of Col- 
 chester, and brother of W. R. 
 Hamilton; diplomatist; residedsome 
 time in Greece; died 1876. 
 
 Mr. M. A. Martin Archer Shee, born 1769 ; por- 
 Shee. trait painterand Royal Academician; 
 
 President of the Royal Academy, and 
 knighted, 1830; Painter to the 
 Society; died I8JO. 
 
 Sir Henry Sir Henry Bunbury, born 1778; son of 
 Bunbury. Henry E. Bunbury, artist ; succeeded 
 
 his uncle as baronet, 1820; General 
 in the Army; M.P.,F.S.A.; died i860. 
 
 Sir Martin 
 Archer Shee, 
 P.R.A. 
 
 1831. 
 
 Earl of Du Pre Alexander, second Earl of 
 
 Caledon. Caledon, born 1777 ; succeeded his 
 
 father, 1 802 ; first Governor of Cape 
 Colony; died 1839. 
 
 Mr. Mount- Mountstuart Elphinstone, born 1 7 79; 
 stuart El- fourth son of eleventh Baron Elphin- 
 
 phinstone. stone ; Indian Civil Service ; Envoy 
 to Afghanistan ; Governor of Bom- 
 bay ; died 185-9. 
 
 U 2 
 
Viscount 
 Valletort. 
 
 Mr. Barthole- 
 mew Frere. 
 
 Mr. C. R. 
 
 Vaughan. 
 
 Earl of 
 Beverley. 
 
 Lord Burg- 
 hersh. 
 
 Sir Robert 
 Gordon. 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 Sheridan. 
 
 Marquess of 
 North- 
 ampton. 
 
 List of Members of 
 
 1831 {conthiued}, 
 
 Ernest Augustus Edgcumbe, Viscount 
 Valletort, born 1797 ; eldest son of 
 second Earl of Mount-Edgcumbe ; 
 Officer in the Guards; M.P.; suc- 
 ceeded his father as third earl, 1839 ; 
 died 1Z66. 
 
 Bartholomew Frere, born ij66 ; Am- 
 bassador to Madrid ; died 18 yi. 
 
 1832. 
 
 Charles Robert Vaughan, born 177?; 
 Minister to the United States; 
 G.C.B.; died 18+9. 
 
 George PERCY,second Earl of Beverley, 
 born 1778 ; M.P. ; succeeded his 
 father, 1830; Lord of the Bed- 
 chamber ; succeeded his cousin as 
 fifth Duke of Northumberland, 
 1865- ; Captain of the Yeomen of the 
 Guard; died 186 7. 
 
 John Fane, Viscount Burghersh, born 
 1784; General in the Army; Am- 
 bassador to Berlin and Vienna ; suc- 
 ceeded as eleventh Earl of West- 
 morland; G.C.B. ; wrote several 
 operas; died 1859. 
 
 Sir Robert Gordon, born 1791; 
 younger brother of fourth Earl of 
 Aberdeen; Ambassador to Vienna, 
 Brazil, and Constantinople; G.C.B., 
 G.C.H.; died 184.7. 
 
 Charles Brinsley Sheridan, born 
 175)6; son of Richard Brinsley 
 Sheridan by his second wife ; travelled 
 in Greece and translated Songs of 
 Greece ; died 1843. 
 
 Spencer John Alwyne Compton, 
 second Marquess of Noithampton, 
 born 1790; M.P. ; resided some 
 years in Italy ; succeeded his father, 
 1828; President of the Royal Society 
 and of the Royal Society of Anti- 
 quaries ; died 1851. 
 
 Earl of Mount- 
 Edgcumbe. 
 
 Sir Charles 
 R. Vaughan, 
 G.C.B. 
 
 Duke of North- 
 umberland. 
 
 Earl of West- 
 morland. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 293 
 
 Marquess of 
 Douglas. 
 
 Mr. George 
 Aylmer. 
 
 Duke of 
 Buccleuch. 
 
 Sir Stratford 
 Canning. 
 
 Capt. Charles 
 Sotheby. 
 
 Mr. Henry 
 Hope. 
 
 Mr. Alex- 
 ander 
 Baring. 
 
 Lord Prudhoe. 
 
 Mr. John 
 Fuller. 
 
 Sir Charles 
 Bagot. 
 
 1833. 
 
 William Alexander Hamilton, Mar- 
 quess of Douglas, born 1811 ; suc- 
 ceeded his father as Duke of Hamilton 
 and Brandon, iS^z; died 1863. 
 
 George Aylmer, of Petersfield, Hants. 
 
 1834. 
 
 Walter Francis Scott, fifth Duke of 
 Buccleuch and seventh Duke of 
 Queensberry, born 1806 ; succeeded 
 his father, 1819; Lord President of 
 the Council ; K.G. ; President of the 
 Society of Antiquaries and of the 
 British Association, 1867; died 1 88+. 
 
 Sir Stratford Canning, born 1786 • 
 Ambassador tothe Ottoman Porte 
 and the United States ; G.C.B., 
 M.P. ; created Viscount Stratford de 
 Redcliffe, 1852; K.G.; died i860. 
 
 Charles Sotheby ; Captain R.N. and 
 Rear-Admiral ; died 1854. 
 
 Henry Thomas Hope, of Deepdene, born 
 1808; M.P. ; collector of pictures, 
 marbles, vases, etc.; died i26i. 
 
 Alexander Baring, born 1774; second 
 son of Sir Francis Baring, Bart. ; 
 M.P. ; President of the Board of 
 Trade ; Minister to the United 
 States ; created Baron Ashburton, 
 1835; amateur and collector; died 
 1848. 
 
 Algernon Percy, born 1791; brother 
 of third Duke of Northumberland; 
 Admiral R.N. ; created Baron Prud- 
 hoe, 1 8 16; succeeded his brother as 
 fourth duke, 1847 ; K.G.; died 1865. 
 
 John Fuller, of Chesham. 
 
 Sir Charles Bagot, born 1781 ; second 
 son of first Baron Bagot ; Minister to 
 the Netherlands; Governor-General 
 of Canada; G.C.B. ; died 1843. 
 
 Duke of 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Lord Stratford 
 de Redcliffe. 
 
 Baron 
 
 Ashburton. 
 
 Duke of North- 
 umberland. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 1834 {continued}. 
 
 William A'Court, first Baron Hcytcs- 
 bury, born 1779; Ambassador to 
 Naples, Madrid, Lisbon, St. Peters- 
 burg, etc.; created Baron Heytesbury, 
 1 8x8; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland; 
 G.C.B.; died i860. 
 
 1835. 
 
 John Mansfield, of Diggeswell House, 
 Herts. ; son of Lord Chief Justice 
 Mansfield; died 184.1. 
 
 George Robert Smith, of Selsdon, 
 born 175)3 ; M.P.; died 1865). 
 
 David Baillie, F.R.S. 
 
 Philip Davies Cooke, of Owston and 
 Gwysaney, born 1793 ; amateur and 
 antiquary; died 185-3. 
 
 1836. 
 
 Edward James Dawkins, born 175)1; 
 Minister at Athens; died 1865:. 
 
 1837. 
 
 William Vesey-Fitzgerald, born 
 1783; M.P.; Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer and First Lord of the 
 Treasury in Ireland ; Minister to 
 Stockholm ; succeeded his mother as 
 Baron Fitzgerald and Vesey, 1^1 ; 
 F.R.S. ; died 184.3. 
 
 Charles Richard Fox, born 1796; 
 
 son of third Baron Holland ; Colonel 
 
 and Major-General in the Army ; 
 
 M.P. ; collector of Greek coins ; 
 
 Surveyor-General of the Ordnance ; 
 
 died 1873. 
 George Vivian ; amateur and collector 
 
 of pictures. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 1837 (continued). 
 
 Marquess of James Hamilton, second Marquess of 
 Abercorn. Abercorn, born 1811; succeeded 
 
 his grandfather, 1818; Lord-Lieu- 
 tenant of Ireland ; created Duke of 
 Abercorn, 18^8 • K.G.; died 1885. 
 
 Duke of 
 Abercorn, K. 
 
 1838. 
 
 Lord Wharn- James Archibald Stuart- Wortley, 
 cliffe. first Baron Wharncliffe, born 1776 ; 
 
 M.P.; Lord Privy Seal, Lord Pre- 
 sident of the Council; created Baron 
 Wharncliffe, \%x6; died 184. 5*. 
 
 Mr. Walter Walter Campbell, of Islay, born 1798; 
 Campbell. M.P. ; died 1855. 
 
 1839. 
 
 Sir John Cam Sir John Cam Hobhouse, Bart., born 
 Hobhouse. I 75 ,( >; succeeded as second baronet, 
 
 1 83 1 • M.P., F.R.S.j created Baron 
 Broughton of Giftbrd, 1 8 5 1 ; die d 1 8 6 9 . 
 
 Baron 
 
 Broughton. 
 
 1840. 
 
 Sir John Sir John Stuart Hippisley, Bart., born 
 
 Hippisley. 1791 j died 1867. 
 
 1841. 
 
 Mr. Charles Charles Towneley, of Townelcy, born 
 Towneley. 1803 ; F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 1876. 
 
 Sir Augustus Sir Augustus Foster, Bart., born 1780; 
 Foster. younger son of Mr. J. T. Foster, of 
 
 Dunleer, and Lady Elizabeth Foster ; 
 Minister to the United States, 
 Sweden, Denmark, etc. ; created a 
 baronet, 1831; G.C.H.; died 184.8. 
 
 Mr. Robert Robert Stayner Holford, of Weston- 
 Holford. birt and Dorchester House, born 1808; 
 
 M.P. ; a well-known amateur and 
 collector of works of art; died 1891. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 Colebrooke. 
 
 Mr. Horsman 
 Solly. 
 
 Mr. Beriah 
 Botfield. 
 
 Mr. Keith 
 Stewart 
 Mackenzie. 
 
 Mr. Edward 
 Tunno. 
 
 Sir Edward 
 Ryan. 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 L. Eastlake. 
 
 Major-Gen. 
 Kenah. 
 
 Mr. Quintin 
 Dick. 
 
 1843. 
 
 SirThomas Edward Colebrooke, Bart., 
 of Crawford, born 1813; succeeded 
 his uncle as fourth baronet, 1838; 
 M.P. ; died 1890. 
 
 1844. 
 
 Richard Horsman Solly, born 1778 ; 
 F.R.S. ; died 1858. 
 
 Beriah Botfield, born 1807; M.P., 
 F.R.S. ; eminent book-collector and 
 antiquary - died 1863. 
 
 1846. 
 
 Keith Stuart Mackenzie, of Seaforth, 
 born 1818 j died 1881. 
 
 1847. 
 
 Edward Rose Tunno, of Llangennech, 
 born 1796 (?); M.P. ; died 1874.. 
 
 1848. 
 
 Sir Edward Ryan, born 1793 • Chief 
 Justice of Bengal ; Assistant Comp- 
 troller of the Exchequer, 185-1-62; 
 Civil Service Commissioner, 1862; 
 F.R.S.; Acting-Secretary of the 
 Society, 185-9-63; Secretary, 1863- 
 5-7 ; P.C; died 1875. 
 
 Charles Lock Eastlake, born 1793; 
 painter and Royal Academician; Pre- 
 sident of the Royal Academy, and 
 knighted, 185-0; Director of the 
 National Gallery; F.R.S. ; died 1865-. 
 
 Thomas Kenah, born 1782; Major- 
 General in the Army; K.C.B. ; 
 died 1868. 
 
 Quintin Dick, born 1777; M.P. ; 
 died 1858. 
 
 Sir Charles Lock 
 Eastlake, 
 P.R.A. 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 Kenah, 
 K.C.B. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 197 
 
 Mr. Hugh A. 
 J. Munro. 
 
 Mr. Walter 
 Ewer. 
 
 Mr. James 
 Broderip. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Northamp- 
 ton. 
 
 1 Mr. F. C. 
 Penrose. 
 
 Mr.Monckton 
 Milnes. 
 
 Lord Cran- 
 stoun. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Stirling. 
 
 Mr. G. Dodd. 
 
 Mr. Danby 
 Seymour. 
 
 1850. 
 
 Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro, of 
 
 Novar, born 
 
 son of Sir 
 Alexander Munro ; a well-known 
 collector of pictures ; died \%6\. 
 
 1851. 
 
 Walter Ewer, F.R.S. 
 
 William John Broderip, born 1789; 
 eminent naturalist and bencher of 
 Gray's Inn ; F.L.S., F.R.S., F.G.S. ; 
 died 185-5). 
 
 Charles Douglas Compton, third 
 Marquess of Northampton, born 
 1 8 16; succeeded his father, 1851; 
 died 1877. 
 
 1852. 
 
 Francis Cranmer Penrose, born 
 18 17; architect and author; F.R.S., 
 F.R.I.B.A.; Father of the Society, 
 i8c>8. 
 
 Monckton Milnes, born 
 
 created Baron 
 
 politician; 
 Houghton, 
 
 F.R.S. ; died 1885-. 
 
 Richard 
 
 181 9 ; poet, wit, and 
 M.P.; 
 
 Charles Frederick, eleventh Baron 
 Cranstoun, born 1825) ; died 1869. 
 
 1853. 
 
 William Stirling, of Keir, born 1 8 1 8 ; 
 
 succeeded his uncle as ninth baronet, 
 
 186?; assumed name of Maxwell; 
 
 M.P.; amateur and historian of art; 
 
 K.T.; died 1878. 
 George Dodd, M.P. 
 
 Henry Danby Seymour, of Knoyle, 
 born 1820; Secretary to the Board 
 of Control; died 1877. 
 
 Baron 
 
 Houghton. 
 
 Sir William 
 Stirling- 
 Maxwell, Bart. 
 
 1 Member of the Society, 1898. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Van de 
 Weyer. 
 
 Mr. William 
 Wells. 
 
 Mr. George 
 Tomline. 
 
 Hon. Francis 
 Charteris. 
 
 Hon. Charles 
 Hardinge. 
 
 1853 [continued). 
 
 Sylvain Van de Weyer, of New 
 
 1802; 
 died 
 
 Lodge, Windsor, born 
 
 Belgian Minister to England • 
 1874. 
 
 William Wells, of Holmewood, Hunt- 
 ingdonshire, born 181 7; M.P. • son of 
 the well-known amateur and collector 
 of works of art ; married daughter of 
 Earl of Wemyss ; died 1889. 
 George Tomline, of Orwell Park, 
 Suffolk, born 1812; M.P.; died 1889. 
 Francis Charteris, born 181 8; eldest 
 son of eighth Earl of Wemyss ; for 
 many years known as Viscount Elcho, 
 
 M.P., 
 collector . 
 
 well-known 
 succeeded 
 
 as 
 
 amateur and 
 ninth Earl 
 
 of Wemyss, 1883. 
 
 Charles Stewart Hardinge, born 
 1 8-ia ; succeeded his father as second 
 viscount, 1856'; M.P.; Trustee of the 
 National Gallery and National Por- 
 trait Gallery; F.S.A.; died 1804.. 
 
 Earl of Wemyss. 
 
 Viscount 
 Hardinge. 
 
 Lord Ward. 
 
 Sir Francis 
 Scott. 
 
 Mr. J. Leslie. 
 Lord Foley. 
 
 1854. 
 
 William, Baron Ward, elder son of 
 tenth Baron Ward; born 181 7; an 
 eminent patron and collector of 
 works of art; created Earl of Dudley, 
 i860 ; died 1885. 
 
 Sir Francis Edward Scott, Bart., born 
 1814 ; succeeded his father as baronet, 
 1 8 5 1, and his grandfather in the 
 Bateman baronetcy, 1824; assumed 
 name of Bateman-Scott; died 1863. 
 
 John Leslie, of Glaslough,co.Monaghan, 
 born 1822; M.P. ; amateur artist; 
 created a baronet, 18 j6. 
 
 Thomas Henry, sixth Baron Foley, 
 born 1808; MP.; Captain of the 
 Corps of Gentlemen at Arms; died 
 1869. 
 
 Earl of Dudley. 
 
 Sir John Leslie, 
 Bart. 
 
the Society of 'Dilettanti 199 
 
 1854 {continued). 
 
 Sir Thomas Erskine Perry, born i8o£ ; 
 Judge of Supreme Court of Bombay • 
 M.P.; died 1882. 
 
 Robert Henry Cheney, of Badger, co. 
 Salop; born 1801 ; died 1886". 
 
 Frederick Temple- Blackwood, fifth 
 Baron Dufferin and Clandeboye, 
 born 1 826 ; succeeded his father, 1 8+1 ; 
 created Earl of DufFerin, 1 8 7 1 ; Gover- 
 nor-General of Canada, Viceroy of 
 India; Ambassador to St. Peters- 
 burg, Constantinople, and Paris ; 
 M.P.,G.C.B.,G.C.S.I.,6cc; created 
 Marquesa of Dufferin and Ava, 1888; 
 P.C. 
 
 William Watkiss Lloyd, born 181 3 ; 
 an eminent writer on art ; Acting 
 Secretary to the Society, 1888-9; 
 died 1803. 
 
 Sir John William Ramsden, Bart., 
 born 183 1 ; succeeded his grandfather 
 as fifth baronet, 1839; M.P. 
 
 Hay, 
 
 1855. 
 
 Earl of 
 
 Giffbrd, born 
 
 George 
 
 1 8x2 ; eldest son of eighth Marquess 
 of Tweeddale; M.P. ; died 1862. 
 
 Alexander James Beresford-Hope, 
 born 1 820 ; son of Thomas Hope, of 
 Deepdene ; M.P. ; a well-known 
 amateur of art and literature 
 Trustee of the British Museum and 
 the National Portrait Gallery ; P.C. 
 died 1887. 
 
 John Benjamin Heath, born 1790 
 Consul-General for kingdom of 
 Italy; director of the Bank of 
 England; created a Baron of the 
 Italian kingdom; F.R.S.; died 1879. 
 
 John Lodge Ellerton, born 1801 ; 
 musical composer; assumed name 
 of Elleiton, i8.fj; died 1873. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Dufferin. 
 
 Right Hon. 
 A.J. Bercs- 
 ford-Hope, 
 M.P. 
 
 Baron Heath. 
 
3oo 
 
 Earl Somers. 
 
 Mr. Ponsonby 
 Barker. 
 
 1 Sir William 
 Fraser. 
 
 Baron Maro- 
 chetti. 
 
 Lord Ernest 
 Bruce. 
 
 Mr. A. 
 Panizzi. 
 
 Mr. Ralph 
 Neville- 
 Grenville. 
 
 1 Mr.Corn- 
 
 wallis 
 Cartwright. 
 
 Mr. C. R. 
 Cockerell. 
 
 Hon. Robert 
 Windsor- 
 Clive. 
 
 List of Members of 
 
 1855 (cont'mued), 
 
 Charles Somers-Cocks, third Earl 
 Somers, born 1 8 ic> • M.P. ; succeeded 
 his father, iS^xj Trustee of the 
 British Museum and National Por- 
 trait Gallery • died 1883. 
 
 1857. 
 
 William Ponsonby Barker, of Kil- 
 cooley, born 1795; died 1877. 
 
 Sir William Augustus Fraser, Bart., 
 born 1 ; succeeded his father as 
 fourth baronet, 1834 j M.P. ; author. 
 
 Carlo Marochetti, born 181 5; 
 sculptor and Royal Academician • 
 Baron of the Italian kingdom • died 
 1867. 
 
 Ernest Bruce, born 181 1 ; second son 
 of first Marquis of Ailesbury ; Vice- 
 Chamberlain of the Household ; 
 succeeded his brother as third mar- 
 quess, 1878- P.C.j died 1886. 
 
 Antonio Panizzi, born 1 707 ; principal 
 librarian of the British Museum j 
 knighted, 1869; died 1879. 
 
 1858. 
 
 RALPHNEVILLE-GRENVILLE,of Butleigh, 
 
 born 1817- eldest son of Dean of 
 Windsor- M.P.- died 1886. 
 
 William Cornwallis Cartwright, 
 of Aynhoe, born 18x5 • M.P. 
 
 Charles Robert Cockerell, born 
 1788; architect, author, and Royal 
 Academician - died 1863. 
 
 1859. 
 
 Robert Windsor-Clive, born 1824; 
 eldest son of Baroness Windsor j 
 died 1 85: p. 
 
 Marquess of 
 Ailesbury. 
 
 Sir Anthony 
 Panizzi. 
 
 Meinbei of the Society, 189S. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 301 
 
 Lord Ravens- 
 worth. 
 
 Lord 
 Delamere. 
 
 Mr. Thomas 
 Baring. 
 
 Marquess 
 d'Azeglio. 
 
 Mr. C. T. 
 
 Ntwton. 
 
 Mr. Cyril 
 Graham. 
 
 Mr. Peter 
 Dickson. 
 
 Sir Matthew 
 White 
 Ridley. 
 
 Mr. Thomas 
 Gaisford. 
 
 1859 (continued), 
 Henry Thomas Liddell, third Baron 
 
 Ravensworth, born i 
 
 797 
 
 M.P. 
 
 succeeded his father, iSf?; created 
 Earl of Ravensworth, 1874; died 
 1878. 
 
 l86l. 
 
 Hugh Cholmondeley, second Baron 
 Delamere, born 1811; M.P. ; suc- 
 ceeded his father, 1855 ; died 1887. 
 
 Thomas Baring, born 1799; M.P. • 
 Director of the Bank of England • 
 F.R.S.; died 1873. 
 
 Massimo Tapparelli, Marchese di 
 Azeglio, born 1800; Italian novelist, 
 patriot, and statesman; died i%66. 
 
 1863. 
 
 Charles Thomas Newton, born 1816"; 
 Vice-Consul at Mitylene ; archae- 
 ologist, explorer, and Keeper of the 
 Department of Classical Antiquities 
 at the British Museum ; K.C.B., 
 1887 ; died 1894. 
 
 Cyril Clerke Graham, born 1834; 
 third son of second baronet of 
 Kirkstall; succeeded his brother as 
 fifth baronet, 1890; Governor of 
 Grenada, 1877-77; C.M.G. ; died 
 1897. 
 
 Peter Dickson. 
 
 Sir Matthew White Ridley, Bart., 
 born 1807 ; succeeded his father as 
 fourth baronet, 1836; M.P. ; died 
 1877. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Thomas Gaisford, of Offington, born 
 18 16; son of the Dean of Christ 
 Church; Captain in the Army. 
 
 Earl of Ravens- 
 worth. 
 
 Sir Charles 
 Thomas 
 Newton, 
 K.C.B. 
 
 Sir Cyril 
 
 Graham, Bart. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 Buxton. 
 
 Lord Somers. 
 
 Mr. Arthur 
 Russell. 
 
 Mr. Christo- 
 pher Sykes. 
 
 Hon. E. 
 Twisleton. 
 
 Mr. Frederic 
 Leighton. 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 B. Marlay. 
 
 Mr. Baillie 
 Cochrane. 
 
 1864 {continued). 
 
 Charles Buxton, of Foxwarren, Surrey, 
 born 1 8 ii- younger son of Sir 
 Thomas Fowell Buxton, Bart.; M.P.; 
 died 1871. 
 
 Charles Somers-Cocks, third Earl 
 Somers. (Re-elected.) 
 
 Arthur Russell, born 18 a? ; second 
 son of Lord George Russell and 
 brother of seventh Duke of Bedford; 
 M.P.; died 1891. 
 
 Christopher Sykes, of Brantingham- 
 thorpe, born 183 1; younger son of 
 Sir Tatton Sykes, Bart, ; M.P. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Edward Twisleton, born 1 809; younger 
 son of Baron Saye and Sele; Com- 
 missioner for Public Schools and Civil 
 Service; died 1874.. 
 
 Frederic Leighton, born 1830 ; painter 
 and Royal Academician; President 
 of the Royal Academy; created 
 a baronet, 1886, and Baron Leighton 
 of Stretton, 1896; died 1896. 
 
 Charles Brinsley Marlay, of Bel- 
 vedere, co. Westmeath, born 1829. 
 
 Alexander Dundas Cochrane-Baillie 
 (afterwards Baillie Cochrane), born 
 1 8 id; M.P. ; created Baron Laming- 
 
 Lord Arthur 
 Russell. 
 
 ton, 1. 
 
 Jo; P.C.; died 1890. 
 
 Baron Leighton 
 of Stretton, 
 P.R.A. 
 
 Baron Laming- 
 ton. 
 
 Mr. Wode- 
 house 
 Currie. 
 
 Sir Coutts 
 Lindsay. 
 
 1866. 
 
 George Wodehouse Currie, born 
 1 826; banker; died 1887. 
 
 Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart., of Bal- 
 carres, born 1824.; succeeded his 
 maternal grandfather as second 
 baronet, 1837. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 Earl 
 
 Cathcart. 
 
 Mr. Edmond 
 Waterton. 
 
 Mr. Reginald 
 Cholmon- 
 deley. 
 
 Earl of 
 Warwick. 
 
 Lord 
 
 Wenlock. 
 
 Mr. Butler 
 Johnstone. 
 
 Col. George 
 W.Higgin- 
 son. 
 
 Sir Henry 
 Lytton- 
 Bulwer. 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 Wynn- 
 Finch. 
 
 l866 (continued}, 
 
 Alan Frederick, Earl Cathcart, born 
 1828; succeeded his father as third 
 earl, 185:9. 
 
 Edmund Waterton, of Walton Hall, 
 Yorkshire, born 1830; Chamberlain 
 to Pope Pius IX- F.S.A.; died 1887. 
 
 Reginald Cholmondeley, of Condover 
 
 Hall; born 1826; died 1896. 
 
 George Grey 
 
 Warwick and Brooke 
 
 of 
 
 Greville, Earl 
 
 , born 1828; 
 succeeded his father as fourth earl, 
 185-3 ) died 18^3. 
 Beilby Richard Lawley, Baron 
 Wenlock, born 1818; succeeded 
 his father as second baron, 185a; 
 died 1880. 
 
 1867. 
 
 Henry Alexander Butler-Johnstone, 
 born 1837- grandson of twenty- 
 second Baron Dunboyne ; assumed 
 name of Johnstone ; M.P. 
 
 George Wentworth Higginson, born 
 of 
 
 1826; Colonel 
 Guards, and General ; 
 
 the Grenadier 
 Lieutenant- 
 Governor of the Tower of London ; 
 K.C.B. and Knight of the Legion of 
 Honour. 
 
 1869. 
 
 William Henry LYTTON-BuLWER,born 
 1 80 1 ; younger brother of first Baron 
 Lytton ; M.P. ; Minister to United 
 States, and Ambassador to Madrid 
 and Constantinople • created Baron 
 Dalling and Bulwer, 1871 j K.C.B., 
 P.C. ; died 1892. 
 
 Charles Wynne-Finch, of Voelas, 
 born 1 81 5- 3 M.P.- died 1874.. 
 
 General Sir 
 George 
 Wentworth 
 Higginson, 
 K.C.B. 
 
 Baron Dalling 
 and Bulwer. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Mr. George 
 Macleay. 
 
 Mr. Edward 
 John 
 Sartoris. 
 
 Sir John 
 Sebright. 
 
 1 Mr. Richard 
 H. Paget. 
 
 1 Earl of 
 Roscbery. 
 
 1 Mr. Edward 
 J. Stanley. 
 
 Mr. Frederick 
 Pollock. 
 
 » Lord Col- 
 chester. 
 
 Col. Dudley 
 Carleton. 
 
 1 Mr. Charles 
 Milnes- 
 Gaskell. 
 
 1869 (continued'). 
 
 George Macleay, born 1809 ; Member 
 of Legislature of New South Wales - y 
 K.CM.G. 1879 •■> died l8 9 I - 
 
 Edward John Sartoris, born 18 17; 
 M.P. ; lived many years in Rome • 
 married Miss Adelaide Kemble; 
 died 1888. 
 
 Sir John Gage Saunders-Sebright, 
 Bart., born 184.3; succeeded his 
 father as ninth baronet, 1864. j died 
 1890. 
 
 1870. 
 
 Richard Horner Paget, born 183a; 
 M.P. ; created a baronet, 1886; 
 P.C. 1895. 
 
 Archibald Philip Primrose, Earl of 
 Rosebery, born 1 847 ; succeeded 
 his grandfather as fifth earl, 1868; 
 Lord Privy Seal ; Secretary for 
 Foreign Affairs- Prime Minister; 
 K.G., P.C. 
 
 Edward James Stanley, of Quantock, 
 born 1826- M.P. 
 
 William Frederick Pollock, born 
 1815"; succeeded his father as second 
 baronet, 1870; Queen's Remem- 
 brancer ; Secretary to the Society, 
 1875-88 ; died 1888. 
 
 Reginald 
 
 1871. 
 
 Charles 
 
 Abbot, Baron 
 
 Colchester, born 1 84a ; succeeded 
 his father as third baron, i8dc). 
 
 Dudley Wilmot Carleton, born 1 822 ; 
 succeeded his cousin as fourth Baron 
 Dorchester, 1875; died 1897. 
 
 Charles Milnes-Gaskell, born 1842 ; 
 M.P. 
 
 Sir George 
 Macleay, 
 K.CM.G. 
 
 Rt. Hon. Sir Ri- 
 chard Horner 
 Paget, Bart. 
 
 Sir William 
 Frederick 
 Pollock, Bart. 
 
 Baron 
 Dorchester. 
 
 Member of the Society, 189S. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 305* 
 
 Mr. Knight 
 Watson. 
 
 1 Mr. Sidney 
 Colvin. 
 
 Mr. George 
 Howard. 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 Watkin 
 Williams- 
 Wynn. 
 
 Lord Acton. 
 
 1 Mr. M. E. 
 Grant-Duff! 
 
 1 Sir Robert 
 Cunliffe. 
 
 Hon. H. F. 
 Cowper. 
 
 Mr. W. H. 
 Halliday. 
 
 1871 (continued), 
 
 Christopher Knight Watson ; 
 Secretary of the Society of Anti- 
 quaries. 
 
 Sidney Colvin, born 1 84.5: ; Slade 
 Professor of Fine Art at Cambridge ; 
 Keeper of the Department of 
 Prints and Drawings at the British 
 Museum ; Secretary to the Society, 
 1891-96. 
 
 George James Howard, born 1 843 • 
 grandson of the sixth Earl of Car- 
 lisle; M.P. ; succeeded his uncle as 
 ninth earl, 1889; Trustee of the 
 National Gallery. 
 
 Charles Watkin Williams- Wynn, 
 of Coed-y-Maen, born 1812; M.P.; 
 Recorder of Oswestry. 
 
 1872. 
 
 John Emerich Edward Dalberg 
 Acton, first Baron Acton, born 
 1837; succeeded his father as 
 eighth baronet; M.P.; created 
 Baron Acton, 1869; Regius Pro- 
 fessor of History at Cambridge. 
 
 MoUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE GrANT- 
 
 Duff, born 1 819 ; M.P.; Governor 
 of Madras; K.CS.I. ; P.C. 
 
 1873. 
 
 Sir Robert Alfred Cunliffe, Bart., 
 born 1839; succeeded his grand- 
 father as fifth baronet, 1859; M.P. 
 
 Henry Frederick Cowper, born 1836; 
 second son of sixth Earl Cowper; 
 M.P.; died 1887. 
 
 William HALLiDAY-HALLiDAY,of Glen- 
 thorne, born 1 818 ; assumed name 
 of Halliday instead of that of Cos- 
 way. 
 
 Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 Sir Mountstuart 
 Elphinstone 
 Grant-DufF. 
 
 1 Member of the Society, 1898. 
 
 X 
 
List of Members of 
 
 Marquess of 
 Lansdowne. 
 
 Viscount 
 Newry. 
 
 Hon. Everard 
 Primrose. 
 
 1873 {continued). 
 
 Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitz- 
 matjrice, Marquess of Lansdowne, 
 born 1 84. y ; succeeded his father as 
 fifth marquess, i%66 ; Governor- 
 General of Canada, and Viceroy of 
 India; K.G., G.C.B., G.C.S.I., &c; 
 Secretary of State for War ; Trustee 
 of the National Gallery; P.C. 
 
 Francis Charles Needham, Viscount 
 Newry, born 1842; M.P.; succeeded 
 his grandfather as third Earl of Kil- 
 morey, 1880 ; K.P. 
 
 Everard Henry Primrose, born 184.8 ; 
 younger brother of Earl of Rosebery; 
 Colonel Grenadier Guards; Military 
 Attache at Vienna; died 1885". 
 
 Earl of 
 Kilmorey. 
 
 Mr. Paul 
 Butler. 
 
 Sir Henry 
 Thompson. 
 
 Mr. James 
 Fergusson. 
 
 Mr. Thomas 
 Brassey. 
 
 1875. 
 
 Paul Butler, of Wyck Hill, Glouces- 
 tershire; died 1875". 
 
 Sir Henry Thompson, born i8zo; the 
 eminent surgeon ; also distinguished 
 as an artist; knighted, 1867. 
 
 James Fergusson, born 1808; architect 
 and writer on Classical Architecture ; 
 died 1 886. 
 
 1876. 
 
 Thomas Brassey, born 1836; Lord 
 of the Admiralty; created Baron 
 Brassey, 1886 ; Governor of Victoria. 
 
 Baron Brassey. 
 
 Viscount 
 Powers- 
 court. 
 
 Mr. Stewart 
 Hodgson. 
 
 1877. 
 
 Mervyn E. Wingfield, Viscount 
 Powerscourt, born 1836; succeeded 
 his father as seventh viscount, 1 844 ; 
 K.P.; P.C. 
 
 James Stewart Hodgson, of Lyth Hill, 
 Haslemere, born 18x7. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 
 
 ion 
 
 Mr. G. S. 
 Venables. 
 
 Mr. Algernon 
 Mitford. 
 
 Mr. Edward 
 Herries. 
 
 Mr. A. G. 
 Dew-Smith. 
 
 1 Mr. William 
 J. Farrer. 
 
 Mr. John 
 Ball. 
 
 Viscount 
 Enfield. 
 
 1 Mr. Pember. 
 
 Mr. F. W. 
 Burton. 
 
 1877 {continued?). 
 
 George Stovin Venables, born 1810; 
 son of Archdeacon of Carmarthen: 
 Q\C.; died 1888. 
 
 Algernon Bertram Mitford, born 
 1837; Secretary to the Office of 
 Works; assumed name of Free- 
 man-Mitford, 1886. 
 
 1878. 
 
 Edward Herries, born 1815:; in the 
 diplomatic service ; C.B. 
 
 Albert George Dew-Smith, of Trinity 
 College, Cambridge; amateur and 
 collector. 
 
 William James Farrer, born 1822; 
 High Bailiff to the City of Westmin- 
 ster and Solicitor to the Grenadier 
 Guards; collector of pictures; 
 knighted 1887. 
 
 John Ball, born 1818; son of Right 
 Hon. Nicholas Ball; editor of The 
 Alpine Guide ; M.P. ; Under Secretary 
 
 of State for the Colonies ; died 1889. 
 1879. 
 
 George Henry Charles Byng, Viscount 
 Enfield, born 1830; M.P.; Under- 
 Secretary for Foreign Affairs and for 
 India ; called to House of Lords as 
 Baron Strafford; succeeded his father 
 as third Earl of Strafford, 18 86; 
 Secretary to the Society, 1889-91 ; 
 died 1898. 
 
 Edward Henry Pember, born 1833 ; 
 Q\C. 1874; Secretary to the Society, 
 1896. 
 
 Frederick William Burton, born 
 1816"; painter and member of the 
 Royal Hibernian Academy; Director 
 of the National Gallery; knighted 
 1 8 84 ; Painter to the Society. 
 
 1 Member of the Society, 1898. 
 
 Sir William 
 James Farrer. 
 
 Earl of Strafford. 
 
 Sir Frederick 
 William 
 Burton. 
 
go8 
 
 List of Members of 
 
 1 Professor 
 Jebb. 
 
 Sir Charles 
 S. Bowen. 
 
 Earl Lytton. 
 
 Mr. Nevill 
 Story- 
 Maskelyne. 
 
 Mr. Charles 
 Elton. 
 
 Viscount 
 Barrington. 
 
 1 Mr. Horace 
 Davey. 
 
 Sir Watkin 
 Williams- 
 Wynn. 
 
 1880. 
 
 Richard Claverhouse Jebb, born 1 84.1 ; 
 Regius Professor of Greek at Cam- 
 bridge- M.P. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Sir Charles Synge Bowen, born 1836; 
 distinguished as a lawyer and scholar ; 
 Lord Justice and Lord of Appeal ; 
 created Baron Bowen ; P.C. ; died 
 1894. 
 
 Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton, Earl 
 of Lytton, born 183 1 ; only son of 
 first Baron Lytton; succeeded his 
 father as second baron, 1873 j 
 created Earl of Lytton, 1880; 
 Minister to Lisbon; Viceroy of 
 India and Ambassador to Paris ; 
 G.C.B., G.C.S.I. ; author of various 
 poems; P.C; died 1891. 
 
 Mervin Henry Nevil 
 lyne, born 18x3 ; 
 
 Story-Maske- 
 Professor of 
 Mineralogy at Oxford ; F.R.S. ; M.P. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Charles Isaac Elton, born 
 QjC.; M.P.; author of 
 
 1835); 
 numerous 
 
 learned 
 etc. 
 
 works on law, antiquities, 
 
 George William, Viscount Barrington, 
 born 1814; succeeded his father as 
 seventh viscount, 1867 ; Vice Cham- 
 berlain of the Household; M.P.; 
 P.C; died 1886. 
 
 Horace Davey, born 1833; Q.C; 
 M.P.; Attorney-General; knighted 
 1886; Lord of Appeal; created 
 Baron Davey, 185)4; P.C 
 
 1883. 
 
 Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, Bart., 
 of Wynnstay, born 1820; M.P. ; 
 died 1885-. 
 
 Baron Bowen. 
 
 Baron Davey. 
 
 1 Member of the Society, 189S. 
 
the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 309 
 
 Mr. R. M. 
 Newton. 
 
 Earl of 
 Onslow. 
 
 Sir Robert 
 Collier. 
 
 1883 {continued). 
 
 Robert Milnes Newton, born 1! 
 
 1 Sir Reginald 
 Beauchamp. 
 
 Mr. H. 
 Jerningham. 
 
 Mr. J. Russell 
 Lowell. 
 
 1 Mr. Arbuth- 
 not. 
 
 Mr. Cyril 
 Flower. 
 
 1 Lord Robert 
 Bruce. 
 
 Mr. Alexan- 
 der Den- 
 nistoun. 
 
 son of William Newton, of Elveden • 
 Magistrate at Marlborough Street, 
 London, 1866-97. 
 
 William Hillier Onslow, Earl of 
 Onslow, born 185:3 ; succeeded his 
 cousin as fourthearl, 1870 ; Governor 
 of New Zealand ; G.C.M.G. 
 
 Sir Robert Porrett Collier, born 
 18 17; M.P. ; Solicitor-General and 
 Attorney-General ; Judge of Judicial 
 Committee of Privy Council; created 
 Baron Monkswell, 1885 ; P.C. ; died 
 1886. 
 
 1884. 
 
 Sir Reginald Proctor Beauchamp, 
 Bart., born 185-3; succeeded his 
 father as fifth baronet, 1874. 
 
 Hubert Edward Henry Jerningham, 
 born 1 84a ; M.P. ; Consul General 
 at Belgrade ; Governor of Mauritius 
 and of Trinidad ; knighted 185)3. 
 
 James Russell Lowell, born 18 19; 
 poet and man of letters ; Minister 
 for the United States to England ; 
 died 1891. 
 
 Foster Fitzgerald Arbuthnot, born 
 1833 ; second son of second baronet ; 
 Bombay Civil Service. 
 
 1885. 
 
 Cyril Flower, born 184.3; M.P. ; 
 Lord of the Treasury ; created Baron 
 Battersea, 1892. 
 
 Robert Brudenell- Bruce, fourth son 
 of third Marquess of Ailesbury, 
 born 1845- ; R.N. 
 
 Alexander Dennistoun, born 1818 ; 
 died 1893. 
 
 Baron Monks- 
 well. 
 
 Sir Hubert 
 Edward 
 Jerningham, 
 K.C.M.G. 
 
 Baron Battersea. 
 
 Member of the Society, 1 898. 
 
List of Members of 
 
 1 Sir Reginald 
 Welby. 
 
 Mr. Robert 
 H. Meade. 
 
 1 Lord 
 Houghton. 
 
 Mr. H. B. 
 
 Mildmay. 
 
 Mr. Phelps. 
 
 1 LordHylton. 
 
 1 Mr. W. 
 
 Tyssen- 
 Amherst. 
 
 1 Sir George 
 Errington. 
 
 1 Mr. Justice 
 Chitty. 
 
 Col. Duncan. 
 
 1886. 
 
 Sir Reginald Earle Welby, born 
 1831; Permanent Secretary to the 
 Treasury; G.C.B. ; created Baron 
 Welby, 1894; Secretary to the 
 Society, 1896. 
 
 Robert Henry Meade, born 1835; 
 second son of third Earl of Clanwil- 
 liam ; Permanent Under Secretary of 
 State for the Colonies ; G.C.B. ; 
 died 1898. 
 
 Robert Offley Ashburton Milnes, 
 Baron Houghton, born i8?8; suc- 
 ceeded his father as second baron, 
 1885:; Viceroy of Ireland ; created 
 Earl of Crewe, 1895- j P.C. 
 
 Henry Bingham Mildmay, of Shore- 
 ham, born i8z8. 
 
 William Walter Phelps, born 1839 ; 
 Minister for the United States to 
 Great Britain. 
 
 1887. 
 
 Hedworth Hylton-Jolliffe, Baron 
 
 officer in the 
 
 army ; M.P. ; succeeded his father 
 
 Hylton, born 
 army; M.P. ; 
 as second baron, 1876". 
 
 William Amhurst Tyssen- Amherst, of 
 Didlington, born 1835; M.P. j 
 created Baron Amherst of Hackney, 
 1891. 
 
 1888. 
 
 Sir George Errington, born 1839; 
 M.P.j created a baronet, 1 885-. 
 
 Sir Joseph William Chitty, born 
 1 8a8 ; eminent lawyer ; Judge of the 
 High Court of Justice j P.C. 
 
 Francis Duncan, born 1836; Colonel 
 Royal Artillery- M.P.- C.B.- died 
 
 Baron Welby. 
 
 Sir Robert 
 Henry Meade, 
 G.C.B. 
 
 Earl of Crewe. 
 
 Baron Amherst 
 of Hackney. 
 
 1 Member of the Society, 1898. 
 
the Society of Dilettanti 3 11 
 
 Viscount 
 Baring. 
 
 M. Wad- 
 dington. 
 
 Lord Savile. 
 
 1 Mr. Arthur 
 
 Lucas. 
 1 Mr. Spencer 
 
 Walpole. 
 
 Earl of 
 Ellesmere. 
 
 1 Sir Ralph 
 Thompson. 
 
 Mr. Walter 
 Leaf. 
 
 1 Sir Stafford 
 Northcote. 
 
 1 Mr. Edward 
 Maunde 
 Thompson. 
 
 1 Mr. Mitchell 
 Henry. 
 
 1889. 
 
 Francis George, Viscount Baring, 
 born iS^o- eldest son of first Earl 
 of Northbrook. 
 William Henry Waddington, born 
 i8z6; Ambassador for France to 
 Great Britain ; died 1 894.. 
 John Savile-Lumley, Baron Savile, 
 born 1818; Minister to Dresden, 
 Berne, Brussels, and Ambassador at 
 Rome; G.C.B.; created Baron Savile 
 
 of Rufrbrd, 
 
 Trustee of the 
 
 National Gallery; P.C. ; died 18516. 
 
 Arthur Lucas, born 
 
 184. 5. 
 
 Spencer Walpole, born 1839; Lieut.- 
 Governor of the Isle of Man ; Secre- 
 tary to the Post Office; K.C.B., 
 1898. 
 
 Francis George Granville Egerton, 
 Earl of Ellesmere, born 1847; suc- 
 ceeded his father as third earl, 1 86a. 
 
 1890. 
 
 Sir Ralph Wood Thompson, born 1830; 
 P.C. ; Permanent Under Secretary 
 to War Office; K.C.B. 
 
 Walter Leaf, Fellow of Trinity 
 College, Cambridge; Treasurer of 
 British School at Athens. 
 
 Sir Stafford Henry Northcote, born 
 184.6; second son of first Earl of 
 Iddesleigh; M.P.; C.B.; Surveyor- 
 General of the Ordnance. 
 
 1892. 
 
 Edward Maunde Thompson, born 
 184.0; Principal Librarian of the 
 British Museum; K.C.B. 
 
 Mitchell Henry, of Kylemore, born 
 i8a6; M.P. 
 
 ' Member of the Society, 1898. 
 
 Baron Savile. 
 
 Sir Spencer 
 Walpole, 
 K.C.B. 
 
 Sir Edward 
 Maunde 
 Thompson, 
 K.C.B. 
 
Six 
 
 1 Mr. £. M. 
 Under- 
 down. 
 
 1 Sir Nigel 
 Kingscote. 
 
 Prof. Middle- 
 ton. 
 
 1 Mr. Caven- 
 dish-Ben- 
 tinck. 
 
 > Mr. W. M. 
 Conway. 
 
 1 Mr. J. P. 
 
 Heseltine. 
 
 1 Sir Francis 
 Jeune. 
 
 1 Sir Francis 
 Grenfell. 
 
 Mr. W. 
 Wickham. 
 
 List of Members of 
 1893. 
 
 Emanuel Maguire Underdown, born 
 
 1830; qx:. 
 
 Sir Robert Nigel Kingscote, born 
 1830; Commissioner of Woods and 
 Forests ; K.C.B. 
 
 John Henry Middleton, born 1846 ; 
 Slade Professor of Fine Art at Cam- 
 bridge ; Director of the South Ken- 
 sington Museum; died 1896. 
 
 1894. 
 
 George Cavendish-Bentinck, born 
 1854.- M.P. 
 
 William Martin Conway, born 18 56; 
 Roscoe Professor of Fine Art at 
 Liverpool; author and traveller; 
 President of the Society of Authors ; 
 knighted 1895-. 
 
 John Postle Heseltine, born 1843 ; 
 amateur, collector, and Trustee of 
 the National Gallery. 
 
 Sir Francis Jeune, born 1 843 ; Presi- 
 dent of the Probate Division of the 
 High Court ; P.C. ; Judge Advocate- 
 General, 1891 ; K.C.B. 1897. 
 
 Sir Francis Wallace Grenfell, born 
 1841 ; K.C.B.; Sirdar of the Egyptian 
 Army; Inspector-General of Auxi- 
 liary Forces. 
 
 William Wickham, born 183 1 ; M.P. ; 
 died 1897. 
 
 Sir William 
 Martin 
 Conway. 
 
 1 Sir Colin 
 Scott 
 
 MoncriefF. 
 
 Sir Colin 
 
 1895. 
 
 Scott Moncrieff, 
 
 born 
 
 1836; Under Secretary of Public 
 Works at Cairo; K.C.B. 
 
 1 Member of the Society, 1898. 
 
the Society of "Dilettanti 
 
 1 Sir Anthony 
 Hoskins. 
 
 1 Mr. E.J. 
 Poynter. 
 
 1 Sir Barring- 
 ton Simeon. 
 
 1 Mr. Charles 
 Darling. 
 
 1 Dr. Aber- 
 cromby. 
 
 1 Sir Charles 
 Fremantle. 
 
 1 Lord Loch. 
 
 1 Sir George 
 Robertson. 
 
 1 Mr. Douglas 
 Freshfield. 
 
 1895 (continued). 
 
 Sir Anthony Hoskins, born 1818; 
 R.N.; Rear Admiral; K.C.B. ; 
 Lord of the Admiralty. 
 
 Edward John Poynter, born 1 836" • 
 painter and Royal Academician ; 
 President of the Royal Academy, 
 and knighted 185)6; Director of the 
 National Gallery ; Painter to the 
 Society. 
 
 1896. 
 
 Sir John Barrington Simeon, Bart., 
 born 1850; succeeded his father as 
 fifth baronet, 1870 ; M.P. 
 
 Charles John Darling, born 184.9; 
 Q^C; M.P. ; created a Judge and 
 knighted, 1897. 
 
 John Abercromby, M.D. 
 
 Sir Charles William Fremantlf, 
 born 1834.; third son of first Baron 
 Cottesloe; K.C.B.;Master ofthe Mint. 
 
 Henry Brougham, Baron Loch, born 
 1827; served in India and on 
 special mission to China ; Governor 
 of the Isle of Man and of Victoria ; 
 High Commissioner in South Africa; 
 G.C.B., G.C.M.G.; created Baron 
 Loch; P.C. 
 
 1897. 
 
 Sir George Scott Robertson, K.C. S.I. , 
 born 185a; British agent at Gilgit; 
 author of The Kafirs ofthe Hindu Rush. 
 
 Douglas William Freshfield, born 
 1845 ; former President of the 
 Alpine Club, and Hon. President of 
 the Geographical Society ; author of 
 Travels in the Central Caucasus^ &c 
 
 Sir Edward John 
 Poynter, 
 P.R.A. 
 
 Mr. Justice 
 Darling. 
 
 1 Member of the Society, 1898. 
 
314 
 
 List of Members 
 
 1897 (continued), 
 
 1 Mr. Lyulph f Edward Lyulph Stanley, born 1839 ; 
 Stanley. second son of second Lord Stanley 
 
 of Alderley ; M.P. ; Vice-Chairman 
 of London School Board. 
 
 1 Mr. G. H. George Herbert Murray, C.B., born 
 Murray. l %4-9i formerly private secretary to 
 
 Mr. Gladstone and to Lord Rosebery ■ 
 Chairman of the Board of Inland 
 Revenue. 
 
 1 Mr. Murray John Murray Scott, born 184.7 '■> 
 Scott. secretary to the late Sir Richard 
 
 Wallace, 1871-90; Trustee of the 
 National Gallery and of the Wallace 
 Gallery. 
 
 Hon. Edward 
 Lyulph 
 Stanley. 
 
 1 Member of the Society, 1898. 
 
INDEX 
 
 A. 
 
 Abdication, or resignation,^-^. 
 Aberdeen, Earl of. See Hamilton- 
 Gordon. 
 
 Academy of Arts, schemes for an, 
 
 Academy of Painters, &c, letters 
 from, 74, 77. 
 
 Acton, Lord, 15)7. 
 
 Admission of members, form of 
 instrument for, 39. 
 
 Adye, Mr. Thomas, 31, 32. 
 
 Aegina Marbles, 155", 176. 
 
 Ainslie, Sir Robert, 144; ambassa- 
 dor to the Ottoman Porte, 147 • 
 his collection of Oriental coins, 
 14.7. 
 
 Almack's, Society's removal to,23. 
 Anson, Mr. Thomas, 8, 21. 
 Antiquities of Athens, The y 79, 
 
 80, 101, 103 ». 
 Apollo Didymaeus, temple of, 87, 
 
 Apollo Smintheus, temple of, -zoo. 
 
 Arch-Master of the ceremonies, 
 the, 29, 39 j appointment of 
 Earl of Sandwich, 29 5 com- 
 mittee on apparelling, 29 ; robe, 
 cap, and sword, 29 ; suspension 
 of Earl of Sandwich, 30 ; Sir 
 Francis Dashwood appointed, 
 30; appointment of Mr. Savage, 
 30; modes of election, 30. 
 
 Archaeological Institute of Rome, 
 xn, 212, 214. 
 
 Archaeological study, changed con- 
 ditions of, 209-211 • revival 
 of, 212-214 • Society's attitude 
 towards, 214, 217. 
 
 Archaeology, classical, 68, 69 ; 
 stimulated by Earl of Arundel, 
 70, 71 j other collectors, 71, 
 72 j explorations in situ : Noin- 
 tel and Carrey, 72, 73 ; Spon 
 and Wheler, 73 ; Chishull, 74; 
 Brettingham and Gavin Hamil- 
 ton, 74, 7 7 ; Stuart and Revett, 
 77-77 j Dawkins and Wood, 
 78,79 ; Le Roy and Dalton,79. 
 
 Archaeology, General, Chair of, 
 founded at Cambridge, 211. 
 
 Archer, Mr. Thomas (afterwards 
 Lord Archer), 8, 13, 14, 219 ; 
 President of first recorded 
 meeting of Society, 23. 
 
 Arundel Marbles, 70, 71. 
 
 Arundel Society, 190, 191. 
 
 Ascough, Mr., 62. 
 
 Ash, Dr., 109. 
 
 Ashburnham, Earl of, 77. 
 
 Ashburton, Lord. See Baring. 
 
 Asia Minor and Greece, expedi- 
 tion to, 81 ; choice of Chandler, 
 Revett, and Pars, 83, 84; in- 
 structions, 84-87; their work 
 in the Troad and Ionia, 87,88 ; 
 approval of the Society, 88, 89; 
 
Index 
 
 work in Attica and the Morea, 
 89 ; return and reception, 90. 
 
 Astle, Mr. Thomas, 118, 123. 
 
 Athens, expedition of Stuart and 
 Revett to, 77; bombardment 
 of, 73, 131; British School of 
 Archaeology at, 205: ; Mr. 
 Penrose'sinvestigationsat,2o8 ; 
 foreign schools at, 212. 
 
 Attica, The Unedited Antiquities of, 
 publication of, 163, 164. 
 
 Avignon declared to be in Italy, 
 38. 
 
 Azeglio, Massimo d', 194. 
 B. 
 
 Bacchus's Tomb, 31-33. 
 
 Ball, Mr. John, F.R.S., 198. 
 
 Ballot,the,for election of members, 
 138, 139. 
 
 Balloting balls and bag, presented 
 by Mr. Ponsonby, 32. 
 
 Balloting-box, 31. 
 
 Bank of England, foundation of, 3. 
 
 Bankes, Mr. William John, 170. 
 
 Banks, Mr. (afterwards Sir) 
 Joseph, P.R.A., appointed Very 
 High Steward, 28 ; mentioned, 
 3T> 9 8 > IO ?3 109, 112, 221 • 
 accompanied Captain Cook in 
 the Endeavour, 1 1 3 j Treasurer 
 and Secretary of the Society, 
 1 14 j portrait of, by Sir J. 
 Reynolds, 223 • resolutions re- 
 specting a second portrait, 225-. 
 
 * Bard ' of the Society, appoint- 
 ment of Dick Edgcumbe as, 
 21, 6j. 
 
 Baring, Sir Alexander (afterwards 
 Lord Ashburton), 184. 
 
 Baring, Mr. Thomas, 198. 
 
 Barrington, Viscount. See Wild- 
 man. 
 
 Battersea, Lord. See Flower. 
 
 Baudrier, Arch-Master's, pre- 
 sented by Earl of Sandwich, 30. 
 
 Bavaria, Crown Prince of, desires 
 to purchase the Elgin Marbles, 
 135; purchased the Aegina 
 Marbles, 1^6. 
 
 Beauclerk, Mr. Topham, 108. 
 
 Beaumont, Sir George Howland, 
 Bart., 109, 112, 117. 
 
 Bedford, Mr. F., 181. 
 
 Bedford, Duke of. See Russell. 
 
 Bedford Head Tavern, Covent 
 Garden, 5" • first recorded meet- 
 ing of the Society held at, 22. 
 
 Bentinck, Mr. George Cavendish, 
 207. 
 
 Beresfbrd-Hope, Mr. Alexander 
 J- B., 14*. 
 
 Berkeley, Mr. Norborne, 20, 21, 
 4*, 52, 83,219. 
 
 Bessborough, Earl of. See Pon- 
 sonby. 
 
 Birch's British Worthies, 217. 
 Blessington, Earl of, 46 ; portrait 
 
 of, by Knapton, 219. 
 Bockh, 210. 
 
 Boone, Mr. Daniel, M.P., 8, \6, 
 1 1 o, 2 1 9 ; member of East India 
 Company, 14 j confidential 
 friend of Frederick, Prince of 
 Wales, 14. 
 
 Botfield, Mr. Beriah, M.P., 187. 
 
 Bouverie, Mr. John, 78. 
 
 Bowen, Sir Charles (afterwards 
 Lord Bowen), 19* ; his remark- 
 able personality, 197. 
 
 Boxall, Sir William, letter from, 
 234. 
 
 Boyle, Mr., iyw., 46, 219. 
 Boyne, Viscount, 8, 17, 36. 
 Bracciolini, Poggio, 69. 
 Brand, Mr. Thomas, 19, 4*, 51, 
 
 6j, 83, 104, 105 ; portrait of, 
 
 by Knapton, 219. 
 Brettingham, Matthew, 77, j6. 
 
Index 317 
 
 Bristow, Mr. Robert, 8, 219. 
 
 Bristow, Mr. William, 34. 
 
 British Museum, foundation of, 
 3, 4; Society present marbles 
 and drawings to, 106 ; copy of 
 Pennant's History of London be- 
 queathed to, 113; bequest of 
 Sir Joseph Banks' library, 1 14 ; 
 Sir W. Hamilton's collection 
 purchased by, 11?; and the 
 Townley collection of marbles, 
 1 18 j bequest of Payne Knight's 
 collection, 1 10 ; bequest by Sir 
 R. C.Hoareto, 144; fragments 
 of frieze, &c, from Teos, and 
 marbles, &c, from Priene pre- 
 sented to, 199, 201. 
 
 British Museum Marbles, issue of, 
 
 i6 S . 
 
 British School of Archaeology at 
 Athens, Society's interest in 
 establishment of, 205, 106 ; 
 successful appeal for State assis- 
 tance, 208. 
 
 Brbndsted, Chevalier Philip Oluf, 
 student of ancient Greek archi- 
 tecture, 177 ; gifts by, 177, 178 • 
 death of, 180 • mentioned, 205). 
 
 Brook, Mr., yi. 
 
 Broughton, Lord. See Hobhouse. 
 
 Buccleuch, Duke of, 108. 
 
 Building committees,4^,47, ^,61.. 
 
 Building schemes, 45 , ~47, yp— cTg. 
 
 Bunsen, 176, 109, an. 
 
 Burghersh, Lord (afterwards Ear] 
 of Westmorland), 184. 
 
 Burlington, Earl of, ji. 
 
 Burney, Mr. E., 116. 
 
 Burton,Mr. (afterwards Sir) F. W., 
 15)5-, 208 j elected Painter to 
 Society, 23 6 j resigned member- 
 ship, 236. 
 
 Bute, Earl of, 9, 1 1 . 
 
 Byng, Admiral, 10. 
 
 Byres, 125. 
 
 Byron, Lord, and the Curse of 
 Minerva, 1 34 ; his satire on 
 the Earl of Aberdeen, 147. 
 
 C. 
 
 Calthorpe, Sir A., 46. 
 Calthorpe, Sir Henry, 219. 
 Calves' Head Club, story of the, 
 16. 
 
 Camelford, Lord, proposal to sell 
 Camelford House to Society, 
 <>3. 
 
 Canova, the Italian sculptor, 135:. 
 Carlisle, Earl of. See Howard. 
 Carlisle, fourth Earl of, 72. 
 Carmarthen, Marquess of, portrait 
 
 of, by Sir J. Reynolds, 221, 223. 
 Carrey, Jacques, his drawings of 
 
 the Parthenon pediments, 73 »., 
 
 130. 
 
 Carteret, first Baron, collection 
 of, 71. 
 
 Cartwright, Mr. W. Cornwallis, 
 M.P., 187. 
 
 Casts from the antique, proposal 
 to form a gallery of, 58, 5-9. 
 
 Cavendish Square site, 46, 47 j 
 sale of, 48, 45). 
 
 Chair, the President's, 25, 27 • 
 bills preserved in connexion 
 with it, 27. 
 
 Chandler, Richard, had charge of 
 the Society's expedition to 
 Athens, 84 ; mentioned, 90, 
 105- j took degree of D.D. at 
 Oxford, 9 5 ; his Inscriptions and 
 Travels, 95, 96. 
 
 Chantrey,Sir Francis, R.A., 13d • 
 his repeated rejection as mem- 
 ber, 171. 
 
 Charlemont, Lord, 60, j6 } 
 79, 80, 81, 83, 108, 221. 
 
 Charles I, 71. 
 
 Charlotte, Princess, 11. 
 
Index 
 
 Charteris, Hon. Francis (after- 
 wards Lord Elcho, now Earl of 
 Wemyss), 186. 
 
 Chatham, Earl of, 10, 13. 
 
 Chevignard, Chevalier, 103, 204. 
 
 Chishull, Edmund, 74. 
 
 Chitty, Sir Joseph, 196. 
 
 Cholmondeley,Mr. Reginald, 195;. 
 
 Christie, Mr. James, essay by, 166. 
 
 Chudleigh, Elizabeth, 20. 
 
 Churchill, 18. 
 
 Cipriani, G. B., 78. 
 
 Ciriaco of Ancona, 69. 
 
 Clanbrassil, Lord, 62, ioy, 108. 
 
 Clarendon, Earl of. See Villiers. 
 
 Clarke, Mr. E., 17. 
 
 Clarke, Mr., of Sokoi, report on 
 temple of Athene Polias, 201 • 
 presented coin of Orofernes, 
 204. 
 
 Classical enthusiasm, decline of, 
 
 in England, 211. 
 c Club,' the, 142. 
 
 Cock,Mr ., auctioneer, negotiations 
 for purchasing his rooms, 60. 
 
 Cockerell, Mr. Charles Robert, 
 R.A., iytf, i6y, 188, 1518, 209 • 
 dedications of his volumes, 15)1. 
 
 Coke, Mr. Thomas (afterwards 
 Earl of Leicester), 20, 74. 
 
 Colebrooke, Mr., 215). 
 
 Collier, Sir Robert (afterwards 
 Lord Monkswell), 196. 
 
 Colman, Mr. George, ioy, 108. 
 
 Colvin, Mr. Sidney, 19 7 ; ap- 
 pointed Secretary and Treasurer, 
 206 ; his resignation, 237 j 
 portrait of, by Sir E.J. Poynter, 
 P.R.A., 237. 
 
 Combe, Dr., 123. 
 
 Combe, Mr. Taylor, i6y, 171. 
 
 Commercial enterprise, extension 
 of British, 3 . 
 
 Committee of Painters, Hay- 
 man's, 5:3—56^. 
 
 Committees and quorums, 41. 
 
 Convivial excesses, 36, 37. 
 
 Conway, Harry, 21. 
 
 Conway, Lord, yi. 
 
 Conway, Sir Martin, yi, 208. 
 
 Cook, Captain, 18, 113. 
 
 Cooke, Rev. J., tutor to Earl of 
 
 Sandwich, 18. 
 Corbould, H., i6y, 180. 
 Cork, Earl of, 127. 
 Courten, Sir William, collection 
 
 of, 72. 
 
 Cowper, William, 2nd Earl, 
 
 F.R.S., 20, 143, 226. 
 Cracherode, Rev. C. M., 109, 1 10. 
 Crowle, Mr. John Charles, 62, 97, 
 
 109 • Secretary of the Society, 
 
 112, 113 ; portrait of, by Sir 
 
 J. Reynolds, 223. 
 Cumberland, Duke of, 14. 
 Cunliffe, Sir Robert, 196. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dahomel, Jacob, jeweller, his bill 
 
 for the c Medusa ' seal, 34. 
 Dallaway, Rev. James, 145". 
 Dalling, Lord, 196". 
 Dalton, Richard, 79. 
 Darner, Mr., yi. 
 
 Dance, Mr. Nathaniel (afterwards 
 Sir N. Dance-Holland, Bart.), 
 109; minutes respecting his 
 portrait, 224. 
 
 Darcy, Robert, Earl of Holder- 
 nesse, 19, 77 ; ambassador to 
 Venice, 19 ; lord of the bed- 
 chamber to George II, and 
 Secretary of State, 19, 20 • 
 Horace Walpole's description 
 of, 20 ; his death, 20, 110. 
 
 Darling, Mr., (now Judge), 
 207. 
 
 Dashwood, Sir Francis, 8, 28,43, 
 +7> 4 8 > +9> 1h 78, 59, 6x y 
 
Index 
 
 80, 83, 99; principal founder 
 of Society, 9 ; M.P. and Chan- 
 cellor of Exchequer, 9 • Baron 
 le Despencer, 9; his death, 10, 
 1 10; appointed Arch-Master, 
 30 ; his device for great seal of 
 Society, 34; presented petitions 
 from Society to the king, 60, 61 ; 
 and a copy of Ionian Antiquities, 
 94 ; portrait of, by Knapton, 2 1 7. 
 
 Davey, Sir Horace (now Lord 
 Davey), 196. 
 
 Dawkins, Mr. Edward, British 
 Minister at Athens, minute re- 
 specting him, 176" ; mentioned, 
 1 87, zz6. 
 
 Dawkins, Mr. Henry, 81, 8a; 
 neglect of Mr. Stuart to paint 
 his portrait, 220, 211. 
 
 Dawkins, Mr. James, his legacy 
 to the Society, 66, 81, 82; 
 mentioned, 78, 79, 80 ; neglect 
 of Mr. Stuart to copy his por- 
 trait, 220, 221. 
 
 Dawkins and Wood, their re- 
 searches in classical antiquities, 
 78, 79. See also Dawkins, J., 
 and Wood, R. 
 
 Day, Mr. Alexander, 136. 
 
 Deering, Mr., 181. 
 
 Degge, Mr. William, 8, 1 7. 
 
 Delmd, Mr. Peter, 8. 
 
 Demeter, temple of, at Eleusis, 
 
 Denny, Colonel William, 8, 14., 
 36, 59, 6l 9 83 ; portrait of, by 
 Knapton, 218. 
 
 De Quincey, 124. 
 
 Deskfoord, Lord, 21. 
 
 Despencer, Lord le. See Dash- 
 wood. 
 
 Devonshire, Duke of. See Hart- 
 ington. 
 
 Devonshire, first Duke of, 72. 
 D'Hancarville, otherwise Pierre 
 
 Francois Hugues, 116, 118, 
 121, 122, 123, 14.7. 
 Dickenson, Mr., 142, 156. 
 Dilettanti,Society of,its antiquity, 
 1 ; state of England at its 
 foundation, 2-4; date of founda- 
 tion, 4; originally a dining 
 society, 4 ; date of first records, 
 5 ; first meeting, 5 ; character 
 of original members, 5: ; choice 
 of name, 6 ; earliest meetings, 
 7 ; first probably held in Italy, 
 7 j members in 1736, 7-1° ; 
 other members before 1750, 20, 
 21 ; practices and regulations, 
 22 ; places of meeting, &c, 
 22-24; officers, 25-— 31 ; its re- 
 galia, 31-34; dining practices, 
 34-36; convivial excesses, 36, 
 3 7 ; Horace Walpole's sneer re- 
 specting, 36; election practices, 
 3 8-41 ; committeesand quorums, 
 41 ; miscellaneous activities — 
 the Westminster Bridge Lottery, 
 42-45'; finances in 1740 and 
 1 741, 45; foundation of General 
 Fund — building schemes, 45, 
 46 ; the Cavendish Square site, 
 46, 47 ; its abandonment and 
 the financial result, 48, 49 ; 
 promotion of the Italian opera, 
 49, 50 ; schemes for an Academy 
 of Arts, 51-55; the Society's 
 plan, 55, 56; collapse of ne- 
 gotiations, 56 ; relations of the 
 Royal Academy to the Society, 
 
 57, 58 ; proposal to form a 
 gallery of casts from the antique, 
 
 58, 59 ; revival of building 
 scheme, 59 ; suggested sites — 
 the Green Park, 59-61 ; the 
 Star and Garter, 61-63 ; Camel- 
 ford House, 63 ; final abandon- 
 ment of building scheme, 63, 
 64 ; increasing riches of the 
 
Index 
 
 Society, 64 ; face-money, 64, 
 141,218,219,229; KuleAnn.Soc. 
 Vndec, 64.-66 ; various sources 
 of income, 66 $ incidental re- 
 cords, 66, 67 ; the Dilettanti 
 and classical archaeology, 68, 
 69 ; Sir James Gray and the 
 Society, 76, 77 • election of 
 Stuart and Revett and others 
 as members, 77, 79; send an 
 expedition to Asia Minor, 81- 
 83 j appoint Messrs. Chandler, 
 Revett, and Pars, 84 ; their in- 
 structions, 84-87 j their work 
 in the Troad and Ionia, and 
 the Society's approval thereof, 
 87-89 ; publish Ionian An- 
 tiquities, 91-94- present copies 
 to the king, &c, 94, 9? ; pro- 
 pose to continue the publication 
 of the work, 96, 97 ; grant 
 leave to Sandby and Stuart 
 to use Pars's and Revett's 
 drawings, 97-100 j appoint- 
 ment of a committee, 100, 101 ; 
 publish vol. ii of Ionian An- 
 tiquities, 103, 104- custody of 
 their marbles, 104, 105- • present 
 marbles and drawings to British 
 Museum, 1 06 ; personal changes 
 in the Society, 107, 108 j new 
 members, 108-110; deaths of 
 founders, no, 111; new spirit 
 among their successors, in, 
 112; issue the Priapeia, 122- 
 124; work in Italy, 114, 125- • 
 in Greece and Asia Minor, 
 12 5-, 116; further enterprises, 
 1x6; publish Specimens of Antient 
 Sculpture, 1 26-128 ; lost oppor- 
 tunities, 129, 130, 132 ; action 
 of the Society during the con- 
 troversy respecting the Elgin 
 Marbles, 132-134, 136 ; in- 
 ternal changes in, 137; the 
 
 ballot, 138, 139; abolition of 
 forfeitures, 130 ; removal to 
 Parslow's, and afterwards to 
 the Thatched House, St. James's 
 Street, 141-143 ; zeal of new 
 members, 143 ; new Ionian 
 Committee appointed, 149 ; its 
 report on Gell's expedition, 
 149-15-2; Sir H. Englefield's 
 appeal to the Society in respect 
 totheGell expedition, 1 60- 1 6 1; 
 its results, 162, 163 ; issue of 
 new edition of Ionian Antiquities, 
 164; further activities : second 
 volume of the Specimens, 164, 
 165-; difficulties and delays, 
 16 166 ; mode of providing 
 for publishing expenses, 166- 
 168; a German scholar's tribute 
 to the work of, 169, 170; 
 number of members limited to 
 seventy, i6j, 171; tardy re- 
 paration to the Earl of Elgin, 
 173, 174; set on foot a sub- 
 scription for the purchase of 
 the Bronzes of Siris, 179, 180 ; 
 supported Mr. Penrose's ap- 
 plication to Government in 
 respect to his investigation 
 of the Parthenon, 181; issue 
 of Investigations of Athenian 
 Architecture, 182, 183 ; members 
 elected during W.R.Hamilton's 
 secretaryship, 184-188; ap- 
 pointment of Mr. C.T.Newton 
 as correspondent, 188; his 
 correspondence from Syra and 
 Mitylene, 188, 189; on the 
 Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, 
 189, 190; removals: new 
 Thatched House Tavern and 
 Willis's Rooms, 192, 193 ; 
 state of the Society, 193, 194 ; 
 accessions to its ranks, 194- 
 198 ; new antiquarian enter- 
 
Index 
 
 prise : Mr. Pullan and the 
 temple of Teos, 198-200 • 
 the Smintheum, 200 ; temple 
 of Priene, 201, 202 ; appeals 
 from various quarters, 105: ; 
 changes and removals since 
 1 888, 206, 107; new members, 
 207, 208 ; discussions and 
 resolutions, ao8 ; retrospect, 
 208-214; conclusion, 215 ; 
 portraits of members, 216-237. 
 
 Dingley, Mr. Robert, 8, 47, 52,, 
 83 ; collected works of art, 15. 
 
 Dining practices, 34-36". 
 
 Dinner money, 141. 
 
 Dinners, resolutions and regu- 
 lations respecting, 24, 3 5. 
 
 Dodington, Bubb, a patron of art 
 and poetry, xi. 
 
 Dodwell, Mr., 175-. 
 
 Donaldson, 210. 
 
 Dorset, Duke of. See Middlesex. 
 
 Douglas, Marquess of, 134. 
 
 Drummond,SirWilham,i34, 164. 
 
 Duncannon, Lord, 46, 5:2. 
 
 Dundas, Sir Lawrence, 171. 
 
 Dundas, Lord, the venerable 
 father of the Society, 97, 1 39, 
 1 56", 167, 171, 222, 226, 229; 
 portraits of, by Sir J. Reynolds 
 and Lawrence, 223, 230. 
 
 Dundis, Sir R., 230. 
 
 Dundas, Mr. Thomas (afterwards 
 Earl of Zetland), 171, zz6. 
 
 E. 
 
 Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock, 
 P.R.A., Painter to Society, 185:, 
 233 ; death of, 234. 
 
 Edgcumbe, Hon. Captain G., 
 quaint resolution to enable 
 him to become a member, 38. 
 
 Edgcumbe, Hon. Richard, wit, 
 versifier, and draughtsman, 21 • 
 
 appointed c Bard' to the Society, 
 21,67. 
 
 Egremont, Earl of. See Wyndham. 
 Elcho, Lord. See Charteris. 
 Election practices of the Society, 
 38-41. 
 
 Elgin, Earl of, letters from, minutes 
 respecting, 130; appointed to 
 the embassy at Constantinople, 
 1 3 1 ; Harrison's suggestion re- 
 specting casts, 8cc, of ancient 
 Greek sculptures, 131; action 
 taken, 132- mentioned, 158; 
 reparation to, 173, 174; death 
 of, 174. 
 
 Elgin Marbles, 1 31-136'. 
 
 Ellis, Mr. Welbore (afterwards 
 Lord Mendip), 21, 83, 219. 
 
 Elphinston, Hon. Mountstuart, 
 184. 
 
 Elton, Mr., Q^C, 196. 
 
 Englefield, Sir Henry C, Bart., 
 109, 112, 126, 128, 133, 
 149, 15-2, 160, 226; ap- 
 pointed Secretary of Society, 
 120 • minute respecting him 
 and the Gell expedition, 156, 
 15-7; his appeal to the Society 
 in respect to publication of 
 drawings, &c, collected by the 
 expedition, 160-162; its re- 
 sults, 162, 163 ; his death, 
 168, 169 ; portrait of, by Law- 
 rence, 225). 
 
 Ephesus, temple of Diana at, 
 Mr. J. T. Wood's excavations 
 at, 208. 
 
 Esterhazy, Prince, 171. 
 
 F. 
 
 Face-money, 64, 141,229; institu- 
 tion of, 218, 219. 
 Falkener, Mr., architect, 204. 
 Farnborough, Lord. See Long. 
 
Index 
 
 Farrer, Sir W. J., 196, 207. 
 
 Fauquier, Mr. William, 8, 32, 
 46, 52, 61, 66, 83, 88, no, 
 112; Registrar and Secretary 
 of Order of the Bath, 1 ? ; 
 Secretary and Treasurer of 
 Society, 15:; death of, 1 5-, 
 no; resignation of office, 
 112; portrait of, by Knapton, 
 218. 
 
 Fazakerly, Mr. John Nicholas, 
 170. 
 
 Fielding, Mr. Charles, 8. 
 Fergusson, Mr. James, 195, 203. 
 Fines for non-attendance at 
 
 dinners, &c, 3 
 First rule of the Society, 23. 
 Fitzgerald, Mr. Edward, 1 y6. 
 Fitzgerald, Mr. Robert, 108. 
 Flaxman, Mr., minute granting 
 
 him permission to model a 
 
 bas relief, 105 ; mentioned, 
 
 13*. 
 
 Flower, Mr. Cyril (now Lord 
 
 Battersea), i^y. 
 Forfeitures, abolition of, 1 39-141. 
 Foster, Mr. F., 128. 
 Founders of the Society, deaths 
 
 of, no, in. 
 Fountain, the, in the Strand, 
 
 removal to, 23. 
 Fountaine, Sir Andrew, 72. 
 Fox, Mr. Charles J., 108, 123. 
 France, its share in the classic 
 
 revival of the eighteenth cen- 
 tury, 125-. 
 Fraser, Sir William Augustus, 
 
 M.P., 187. 
 Frederick, Prince of Wales, 9, 
 
 10, 16 n. 
 Frederick II of Prussia, 16. 
 Fremantle, Sir Charles, 207. 
 Frere, Mr. John Hookham, 170. 
 Freshfield, Mr. Douglas, 208. 
 Fuseli, 134. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gage, Mr., minute respecting, 
 24. 
 
 Galway, Viscount, 8, 17; por- 
 trait of, by Knapton, 218. 
 
 Gandy and Bedford, Messrs., 
 draughtsmen to Society, thanks 
 and rewards to them in con- 
 nexion with Gell expedition, 
 157, i?8. 
 
 Gandy, Mr. J. M., i?8. 
 
 Gandy, Mr. J. P., 158, 17?. 
 
 Garrick, David, 109. 
 
 Gaskell, Mr. Milnes, 196. 
 
 Gell, Sir William, 52, 144, 158 ; 
 Byron's satire on him, 148 ; 
 sent on diplomatic mission to 
 Ionian Islands, 148 ; his knight- 
 hood, 148 n. ; his proposed ex- 
 pedition to Greece and Asia 
 Minor, 149— 152; Mr. Lawrence 
 directed to paint his portrait, 
 157, 230 ; settled in Italy, 174 ; 
 devoted himself to Pompeian 
 antiquities, 175; appointed 
 Resident Plenipotentiary of 
 Society in Italy, 175 j his corre- 
 spondence, 175 ; assisted by 
 Society in publication of his 
 Topography of Rome, 175", 176; 
 death of, ij6. 
 
 General Archaeology, Chair of, 
 at Cambridge, foundation of, 
 211. 
 
 General Fund, foundation of, 45, 
 46 ; resolution against its 
 alienation, 49. 
 
 George II, his accession a land- 
 mark in English history, 2 ; 
 mentioned, 11. 
 
 George III, 11, 79. 
 
 Gerhard, 210, 211. 
 
 Gibbon, 123. 
 
 Goderich, Lord. See Robinson. 
 
Index 
 
 Goethe, translated Payne Knight's 
 Sicilian diary, 119. 
 
 Gore, Mr. Charles, artist and anti- 
 quary, 100, 1 op ■ his tour in 
 Sicily, 118, 119; his drawings, 
 110. 
 
 Goupy, the fan-painter, 7?. 
 Grafton Galleries, removal to, 207. 
 Granby, 21. 
 
 Grand Hotel, removal to, zo6. 
 
 Grand Tour, the, considered indis- 
 pensable, 4 ; young English- 
 men on, 6, 74. 
 
 Grant-Duff, Sir Mountstuart, 198. 
 
 Graves, Hon. Henry, his portrait 
 of Lord Broughton, 234. 
 
 Gray, Mr. (afterwards Sir) George, 
 
 8 , 3h 4T, + 8 , T9, 6o, 
 
 61, 66, 8a, 93, 94, 96, no; 
 major-general and colonel of 
 37th Foot, ix; Secretary and 
 Treasurer of Society, 13, 27; 
 death of, 13, 110; portrait of, 
 by Knapton, 218. 
 
 Gray, Sir James, Bart., 1 1 ; Horace 
 Walpole's description of, 12. 
 
 Gray, Sir James (eldest son of 
 the above), 8, 16, 36", 46, 6i, 
 76, 77, 8 ?> 5>?i appoint- 
 ments held by, 12; death of, 
 
 12, no; reprimanded by 
 Society, 16 ; directed construc- 
 tion of Bacchus' s Tomb, 31 ; 
 portrait of, by Knapton, 217. 
 
 < Grecian Gusto, 5 a fashionable 
 craze, 81. 
 
 Greece and Asia Minor, Mr. 
 Gell's expedition to, 149-164. 
 
 Green Park, attempt to secure a 
 site in, 60, 61. 
 
 Grenfell, Sir Francis, 208. 
 
 Grenville, Hon. Richard (after- 
 wards Earl Temple), 8 ; public 
 appointments of, 1 3 ; death of, 
 
 13, no. 
 
 Greville, Hon. Charles (younger 
 son of Earl of Warwick), 35^ 
 108, 112, 118; Very High 
 Steward of Society, 113,114; his 
 connexion with Emma Lyon, 
 11?; portraits of, n?, 223. 
 
 Greville, Mr. Henry, offer of use 
 of his rooms in Argyle Street, 
 142. 
 
 Grimston, Mr. Thomas, 8. 
 H. 
 
 Hackert, Johann Philipp, tour in 
 Sicily with Knight and Gore, 
 118, 119. 
 
 Haddock, Elka, bill for Presi- 
 dent's chair, 27. 
 
 Halifax, Earl of. See Montagu, 
 George. 
 
 Hallam, Henry, the historian, 170. 
 
 Haller, 156, 209. 
 
 Hamilton, Gavin, the painter, 75-, 
 76, 117, 12?. 
 
 Hamilton, Sir William, K.B., 
 lop, 112, 123; his collections 
 of Greek antiquities, n?, 116 ; 
 his discovery of the Isernian 
 ritual, 120, 121 ; his notes and 
 drawings, 129, 130 ; death of, 
 130; portrait of, by Sir J. 
 Reynolds, 223. 
 
 Hamilton, Mr. W. R., secretary 
 to Lord Elgin, 133 ; twice re- 
 jected as member of Society, 
 133 ; mentioned, 13 1^6, 
 15)1,192; succeeded Sir Thomas 
 Lawrence as Secretary, 172 ; 
 latter years of his secretaryship, 
 183 ; compiled list of members 
 of Society from its foundation, 
 183, 184; members elected 
 under his regime, 184-189 ; 
 secretary of English section 
 
 2 
 
Index 
 
 of Archaeological Institute of 
 Rome, 214. 
 Hamilton-Gordon, George, fourth 
 Earl of Aberdeen, 127, 128, 
 
 1335 l l 6 > HJj j 44j 160 •■> 
 took both sides in Elgin Marbles 
 
 controversy, 133, 134., 136; 
 founded the Athenian Society, 
 147 ; satirized by Byron, 147 ; 
 his portrait, 14.7 • drew up in- 
 structions to the Gell expedi- 
 tion, 15-2. 
 
 Handel and Italian opera, 5-0. 
 
 Harcourt, Mr. Simon (afterwards 
 Viscount Harcourt), 8, 36, 43 ; 
 public appointments held by, 
 1 1 ; sent to Germany to marry by 
 proxy the Princess Charlotte, 
 ii- death of, 11,110; Horace 
 Walpole's description of, 11. 
 
 Hardinge, Hon. Charles (after- 
 wards Viscount Hardinge), 186. 
 
 Hardwicke, Earl of, 15-5:, 15:6^ 
 
 Harley, Edward, second Earl of 
 Oxford, 72. 
 
 Harper, Rev. J., letter from, 106. 
 
 Harris, Mr. Henry, 8, 43, 44, 
 46 ; High Steward of Society, 
 15, 28; Commissioner of Wine 
 Licences, 1 ? ; death of, 1 5, 1 10 j 
 firstTreasurer of Society, 27 - y de- 
 nominated Very High Steward, 
 •2,8; portrait of,by Knapton,ai8. 
 
 Harris, Mr. James, letter of, 95. 
 
 Harrison, Thomas, 130 ; his sug- 
 gestion to Earl of Elgin, 131. 
 
 < Harry the Fifth,' the, or < The 
 Gang, 1 a dining society, 1 y w. 
 
 Hartington, William, Marquess of 
 (afterwards Duke of Devon- 
 shire), ai ; Prime Minister, 21. 
 
 Hawkins, Mr. E., 16*;. 
 
 Hawkins, Mr. John, F.R.S., the 
 naturalist, 144; collected ob- 
 jects of Greek art, 145". 
 
 Hay, Hon. Robert (afterwards 
 Archbishop), 8, 16; his death, 
 17- 
 
 Haydon, Benjamin Robert, the 
 painter, his campaign in favour 
 of the Elgin Marbles, 134, 135. 
 
 Haymarket, the, Italian opera at 
 the King's Theatre in, 50, yi. 
 
 Health drinking, resolution 
 against, 35;; rescinded, 37. 
 
 Heber, Mr. Richard, 170. 
 
 Heidegger and Italian opera, yo. 
 
 Hervey, Mr. Augustus, 108. 
 
 Hervey, Lord, duel with Mr. 
 Crowle, 113. 
 
 Heseltine, Mr., 208. 
 
 Heytesbury, Lord, i8y. 
 
 Higginson, Colonel (now General 
 Sir George), 196. 
 
 High Steward, the, 28, 46 ; a 
 dress suggested, 28 ; his staff" 
 or baton of office, 28. 
 
 Hippisley, Sir John, M.P., 185-, 226. 
 
 Hoare, Sir Richard Colt, Bart., 
 made tours in Italy and Sicily, 
 144; presented books and 
 drawings to British Museum, 
 144. 
 
 Hobart, Lord, 77. 
 
 Hobhouse, Sir John Cam (after- 
 wards Lord Broughton of Gyf- 
 ford), his Radical opinions, 
 185 ; Secretary of War and 
 President of Board of Control, 
 i8y; mentioned, 198, 233; 
 portrait of, by Graves, 235". 
 
 Hochberg (or Hohberg), Baron, 
 portrait of, by Knapton, 215). 
 
 Hodgson, Mr. Stewart, 195. 
 
 Hogarth, William, 4 j his carica- 
 ture of £ The Five Orders of 
 Perriwigs,' 80 n. 
 
 Holdernesse, Earl of, 12, 46, 51, 
 5"2, 77, 1 10 j portrait of, by 
 Knapton, 219. See also Darcy. 
 
Index 
 
 Holford, Mr. R. S., 186. 
 
 Holroyd, Mr. Charles, copied for 
 the Society Lord Leighton's 
 picture of himself, 237. 
 
 Hope, Mr. Henry Philip, 14.6, 116. 
 
 Hope, Mr. Henry Thomas, 14.6. 
 
 Hope, Mr. Thomas, of Deepdene, 
 116, 127, 144, 226, 227; his 
 collection of marbles, 146' ; his 
 taste for furniture, 146 ; works 
 written by him, 146'. 
 
 Horner, Mr. Francis, inscription 
 on his presentation copy of 
 TheUnedited ' Antiquities of ^Attica, 
 164.; mentioned, 170. 
 
 Hoskins, Sir Anthony, 201. 
 
 Houghton, Lord. See Milnes. 
 
 Howard, George, Lord Morpeth 
 (afterwards sixth Earl of Car- 
 lisle), 62, 143, 144, 146", 1 56, 226. 
 
 Howard, Mr. George (present Earl 
 of Carlisle), icjy. 
 
 Howe, Mr. John, of Hanslope, 8, 
 ifn., 46, 47, 61, 83 ; an active 
 member of the Society in its 
 early days, 13 ; death of, no; 
 portrait of, by Knapton, 217. 
 
 Hyde, Lord. See Villiers. 
 
 Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 205). 
 
 Hume, Sir Abraham, a leading 
 authority on the fine arts, 144. 
 
 I. 
 
 Inkstand, silver, 34; presented 
 to Sir H. Englefield on resig- 
 nation of secretaryship, 34 ; 
 presentation of a, to Mr. 
 Wilkins, R.A., i6 9 . 
 
 Investigations of Athenian Architec- 
 ture issue of, by Society, 182, 
 
 . .. 
 
 Ionian Antiquities^ quoted, 4, 7, 
 82, 83, 91, 92; choice of 
 materials for, 91 ; preparation 
 
 and publication of volume, 92- 
 94 ; presentation copies, 94., 
 9 5 • proposed continuation of, 
 96, 97; appointment of a com- 
 mittee, 100, 101 ; publication 
 of vol. ii, 103, 104; new 
 edition of, 164 ; proposed con- 
 tinuation of, 180; fourth 
 volume proposed, 201, 202 ; 
 time and mode of publication, 
 202-204 ; Mr. Ruskin's gift in 
 aid of expenses, 203. 
 
 Ionian Committee, new, 149 ; 
 report on GelPs proposed ex- 
 pedition, 149- 152; publish 
 The Unedited Antiquities of 
 Attica^ 164. 
 
 Isernia, the ritual of, Sir William 
 Hamilton and, 120, 121. 
 
 Italian opera, promotion of, 49, 
 yo. 
 
 Italy, leave to propose members 
 by members residing in, 38. 
 
 J- 
 
 Jebb, Professor, 197, 214. 
 
 Jeffries and Pars, Academy stu- 
 dents sent to Italy by Society, 
 % %. 
 
 'Jemmy Twitcher,' nickname of 
 
 Earl of Sandwich, 18. 
 Jenkins, 117, 125. 
 Jeune, Sir Francis, 207. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kestner, 1 yd, 209, III. 
 
 King's Arms, Pall Mall, a meet- 
 ing-place of the Society, 23 ; 
 regalia removed from, 23. 
 
 Kingscote, Sir Nigel, 207. 
 
 Kingston, Duchess of, 108. 
 
 Kingston, Duke of, 83 ; paid 
 face-money, 219. 
 
Index 
 
 Knapton, Mr. George, Painter to 
 Society, 8 ; designed balloting 
 box, 3 1 ; directed ornamenta- 
 tion, &c, of lid of Bacchus's 
 Tomb, 32 ; mentioned, 46, 64, 
 77; death of, no; portraits 
 painted by, 116-219 ; resig- 
 nation of office, 219. 
 
 Knight, Mr., azf, 226. 
 
 Knight, Mr. Henry Gaily, 170. 
 
 Knight, Mr. Richard Payne, 100, 
 102, ioc), 1 ia, 123, 126, 
 127, 129, 130, lp, 164, Itfo ; 
 tour in Sicily with Gore and 
 Hackert, 118, 119; his Sici- 
 lian diary translated by Goethe, 
 119; wrote essays on ancient 
 art, 1 20 ; his collection of 
 antiquities and drawings by old 
 masters, 120; compiled the 
 Priapeia, 122 ; his influence in 
 discrediting the Elgin Marbles, 
 133; death of, 16^, 169; his 
 essay on An Inquiry into the 
 Symbolical "Language of Ancient 
 Arts and Mythology^ 165, 166 ; 
 portrait of, by Lawrence, 2.28. 
 
 Kruse, Dr. F. C. H., tribute to the 
 Society's work, 169; correspon- 
 dence with Mr. Gell, 1 70 n. 
 
 L. 
 
 Landor, quoted, 198. 
 
 Langlois, Mr., 
 
 Langton, Mr. Bennet, 108. 
 
 Lansdowne, Marquis of, 127, 198. 
 
 Lawrence, Sir Thomas, P.R.A., 
 109, 136, 1 57, 226, 227; Secre- 
 tary to Society, 169, 131 ; ap- 
 pointed Painter to Society, 22?; 
 portraits painted by him, 228, 
 229, 230 ; letter on question of 
 portrait-groups, 228, 229 ; un- 
 fulfilled orders to, 230 ; or- 
 dered to paint his own portrait, 
 
 230, 231 ; succeeded Mr. West 
 as P.R.A., 131. 
 
 Layard, Sir Henry, in. 
 
 Leake, Captain (afterwards Lieut.- 
 Colonel) William Martin, 
 144; assisted in conveying 
 Elgin Marbles to England, 148 ; 
 his collections of marbles and 
 bronzes, 141 ; his share in super- 
 intending issue of The Unedited 
 Antiquities of Attica, 1 6 8. 
 
 Legge, Mr. H. Bilson (afterwards 
 Chancellor of Exchequer), 21. 
 
 Leicester, Earl of. See Coke. 
 
 Leighton, Mr. Frederic (after- 
 wards Sir F. and Lord), P.R. A., 
 his accomplishments, 195- ; his 
 compliment to Sir C. T. 
 Newton, K.C.B., 195- ; men- 
 tioned, 202, 203 ; succeeded 
 Sir Charles Eastlake as Painter 
 to Society, 234 ; his portrait of 
 Sir Edward Ryan, 235; granted 
 leave to become Sculptor to 
 Society, 236 ; death of, 236. 
 
 Le Roy, 79. 
 
 Lessing, indebted to Spence's 
 PolymetiSy 119. 
 
 Liddell, Sir Henry (afterwards 
 Baron Wentworth), 8, 46, 219, 
 224; father of the Countess of 
 Upper Ossory, 1?. 
 
 Ligonier, Lord, 108. 
 
 Limmers' Hotel, removal to, 206. 
 
 Linckh, i<;6. 
 
 Lincoln, Earl of, 17. 
 
 Lindsay, Sir Coutts, 195:. 
 
 Lloyd, Mr. William Watkiss, an 
 enthusiastic student of and 
 writer on ancient art, &c, 187; 
 mentioned, 198, 199, 203, 104; 
 temporarily officiated as Secre- 
 tary and Treasurer, 206 ; por- 
 trait of, by Miss Bush, presented 
 to Society, 236. 
 
Index 
 
 Loch, Lord, 207. 
 
 Long, Sir Charles (afterwards 
 
 Lord Farnborough), a leading 
 
 authority on the fine arts, 144. 
 Long, Sir Robert, 8. 
 Louis XVIH, 17?. 
 Lowell, Mr. J. Russell, American 
 
 ambassador, 198. 
 Lucas, Mr. Arthur, 208. 
 Lusieri, Neapolitan painter, made 
 
 drawings of Greek sculptures 
 
 for Earl of Elgin, 132. 
 Luttrell, Mr. Simon, 8. 
 Lyon, Emma, mistress of Hon. 
 
 Charles Greville, n^r. 
 Lytton, Lord, 196. 
 
 M. 
 
 MACHiAVELLi,his dress to be model 
 
 for that of Secretary, 28. 
 Mackenzie, Kenneth, de jure Earl 
 
 of Seaforth, 21. 
 Mackye, Mr. John Ross, 21, 46; 
 
 paid face-money, 219. 
 Malone, Mr., 123. 
 Malton, Earl of. See Watson- 
 
 Wentworth. 
 Marbles, the Society's, custody of, 
 
 104, 105 ; presented to British 
 
 Museum, \o6. 
 Marlay, Mr. Brinsley, 19^. 
 Marlborough, Duke of, 108. 
 Marochetti, Baron, 187. 
 Mathias, the satirist, attacked 
 
 Payne Knight for writing the 
 
 Priapeia, 124. 
 Mayer (otherwise Myers),L., 104. 
 Mazarin, Cardinal, 71. 
 Mead, Dr., collection of, 71 • 
 
 mentioned, 74. 
 Meade, Hon. R. H., 198. 
 Medmenham Abbey, orgies at, 9, 
 
 18. 
 
 Mendip, Lord. See Ellis. 
 
 Metcalfe, Mr. Philip, 109, 226; 
 Treasurer to Society, 1 14. 
 
 Michaelis, Professor, his Ancient 
 Marbles in Great Britain, 215". 
 
 Middlesex, Charles Sackville, Earl 
 of (afterwards Duke of Dorset), 
 8, 36, 46", 51, 61, 66, 83 j tour 
 in France and Italy, 10 • a great 
 supporter of the Italian opera, 
 10, 5-0- death of, 10, 110; 
 Horace Walpole's description 
 of, 11 j his company of Italian 
 artists, 5-0 • failure of the scheme, 
 51 ; portrait of,by Knapton,2i7. 
 
 Midleton, Viscount, i<$n. 
 
 Milnes, Mr. Richard Monckton 
 (afterwards Lord Houghton), 
 113, 188, 201; his article on 
 Hamilton's Historical Notices of 
 Society, i%6. 
 
 Minute-book, first entries in, 5" ; 
 Latin style adopted for dates, 
 5- ; commencement of present 
 series of red-morocco books, 
 
 Minutes of committees, separate 
 book provided for, 31. 
 
 Mitchell, Sir Andrew, 8 ; envoy 
 to Court of Prussia, 16. 
 
 Mitford, Mr., 226'. 
 
 Moira, Earl of. See Rawdon. 
 
 Moncrieflf, Sir Colin Scott, 207. 
 
 Monkswell, Lord. See Collier. 
 
 Montagu, George, Lord Sunbury 
 (afterwards Earl of Halifax), 20. 
 
 Montagu, John, fourth Earl of 
 Sandwich, his birth and edu- 
 cation, 17- his tour in the 
 Mediterranean, 6cc, 18 ; British 
 plenipotentiary at the Peace of 
 Aix-la-Chapelle,i8; a supporter 
 of Captain Cook in his expedi- 
 tions, 1 8 ; Sandwich Islands and 
 sandwiches named after him, 18; 
 nicknamed 'Jemmy Twitcher/ 
 
Index 
 
 1 8 • his great capacity for work, 
 19; the Society greatly indebted 
 to him, 1 9 ; mentioned, 29, 3 5, 
 34 38, <tf, 74, 83 ; sus- 
 pended from office of Arch- 
 Master for contempt, 30; death 
 of, 1 10 • his character, 1 1 1 • 
 portrait of, by Knapton, 219. 
 
 Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, 
 quoted, 6, 12. 
 
 Montagu, Lord Robert (afterwards 
 Duke of Manchester), 8. 
 
 Montague House, unsuccessful 
 attempt to secure a room in, 49. 
 
 Morpeth, Lord. See Howard. 
 
 Morritt, Mr. J. Bacon Sawrey, of 
 Rokeby, supported Earl of Elgin 
 in controversy respecting Elgin 
 Marbles, 136, 14?; mentioned, 
 144, 116 ; a friend of Sir Walter 
 Scott, 145- • his travels in Greece 
 and Asia Minor, 145: ; a 
 leading member of the Society, 
 146; one of the founders of 
 the Travellers' Club, 146- 
 essay by, 166 ; portrait of, by 
 Shee, 131. 
 
 Mottoes, two traditional, of the 
 Society, 215*. 
 
 Mulgrave, Lord. See Phipps. 
 
 Miiller, Carl Otfried, a 10. 
 
 Munro, Mr. H. A. Johnstone, of 
 Novar, 186. 
 
 Museum of Classical Archaeology 
 at Cambridge, opening of, 113. 
 
 Museum Worsleyanum^ \\6. 
 
 N. 
 
 New Committee of Publication, 
 
 appointment of, it6. 
 New members, 108-110 j zeal of, 
 
 143, 144. 
 New Thatched House Tavern, 
 
 removal to, 192, 193. 
 
 Newton, Mr. (afterwards Sir) 
 C . T., 8 7, 2 1 2, 2 1 3 ; Vice-Consul 
 at Mitylene, 188; appointed 
 correspondent to Society, 188 ; 
 his correspondence from Syra 
 and Mitylene, 188, 189; on the 
 Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, 
 189, 190 ; the Society's pro- 
 posals, 189; elected a member 
 of Society, 194 • his character, 
 194; made K.C.B., 19?- Sir 
 F. Leighton's compliment on 
 the occasion, 195- • offered use of 
 his house to Society, 206". 
 
 Newton, Mr. James, 101, 103. 
 
 Newton, Mr. William, 101, 102. 
 
 Nicholson, Sir Charles, 201. 
 
 Niebuhr, 209. 
 
 Noel, Mr. James, 8. 
 
 Nollekens, 136'. 
 
 Norfolk, Duke of, lent his robes 
 for use of President, 16 • sus- 
 pected, with others, of secreting 
 the old toga, 16 • mentioned, 
 142, 171, 224, 22?, 230. 
 
 Northampton, Marquess of, 184. 
 
 Northcote, Sir Stafford, 208. 
 
 Northwick, Lord. See Rushout. 
 
 O. 
 
 Original members, their char- 
 acter, 5:. 
 
 Oxford, Earl of. See Harley. 
 
 Oxford, University of, part of 
 Arundel collection presented 
 to, 71. 
 
 P. 
 
 Paget, Mr. (now Right Hon. Sir) 
 Richard, 196. 
 
 Painters to the Society — George 
 Knapton, 8, 216-219 ; James 
 Stuart, 219-221 ; Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds, 221-225:; Sir 
 
Index 
 
 Thomas Lawrence, aa^-a^i; 
 Sir Martin Archer Shee, 231- 
 233 ; Sir Charles Lock East- 
 lake, 233 j Sir Frederic Leigh- 
 ton, 234-236; Sir F. W. 
 Burton, 236; Sir E. J. Poynter, 
 236. 
 
 Palmerston, Viscount, 108, 181. 
 Panizzi, Principal Librarian of 
 the British Museum, 187, 198. 
 Panofka, 210. 
 
 Pars, William, 58, 83, 84, 90, 94, 
 100,1 16; associatedwithChand- 
 ler and Revett in Society's ex- 
 pedition to Athens, 84 ; Sandby 
 granted leave to publish his 
 drawings of Athens, 97. 
 
 Parslow's, removal to, 141. 
 
 Parthenon, Mr. Penrose's proposal 
 to investigate alleged anomalies 
 in the construction of the, 180, 
 181 ; supported by Society, 
 181 j publication of results, 182, 
 183. 
 
 Parthenon Marbles, the, Carrey's 
 drawings of, 72, 73, and note ; 
 their condition at a later date, 
 130, 131. 
 
 Payne and White, publishers of 
 Specimens of Antient Sculpture, 
 127, 128. 
 
 Payne-Gallwey, Mr. Stephen, por- 
 trait of, by Sir J. Reynolds, 
 223. 
 
 Peachey, Hon. John (afterwards 
 Lord Selsey), 100, 106, 109, 
 112, 1 1 6, 1 26, 226, 227 ; formed 
 collection of marbles, 117. 
 
 Peel, Sir Robert, Prime Minister, 
 170. 
 
 Pember, Mr. E. H., QX:., i 9 6 ■ 
 joint Secretary and Treasurer, 
 106. 
 
 Pembroke, Earl of, collection of, 
 at Wilton House, 71. 
 
 Pennant's History of "London^ copy 
 of, bequeathed to British Mu- 
 seum by Crowle, 113. 
 
 Penrose, Mr. F. C, publication of 
 his Principles of Athenian Archi- 
 tecture, 185- ; the present father 
 of Society, 186; adopted Wat- 
 kiss Lloyd's Theory of Propor- 
 tion, 187,204; mentioned, 190, 
 198, 203 ; further investigations 
 at Athens, 208 ; Director of 
 British school at Athens, 214. 
 
 Petitions to the king for leave to 
 build in the Green Park, 60, 
 61. 
 
 Petty, William, 70. 
 
 Phelps, Mr., American ambassa- 
 dor, 198. 
 
 Philae, scheme for barrage of the 
 Nile at, opposed by Society, 
 208. 
 
 Phipps, Mr. Constantine (after- 
 wards Lord Mulgrave), 35:, 97, 
 io?, 108 ; portrait of, by Sir 
 J. Reynolds, 2x3. 
 
 Pierrepoint, Evelyn, Duke of 
 Kingston, 20. 
 
 Pilkington, Sir Lionel, 8, 17. 
 
 Pitt, Mr. G., 221. 
 
 Planta, Mr., 123. 
 
 Pola, temple at, chosen as model 
 for Society's proposed new 
 building, 47, j6. 
 
 Pollock, Sir W. F., Secretary to 
 Society, 193, 197 ; his friends, 
 196 ; a Dante scholar, 196 ; 
 mentioned, 203 ; death of, 106. 
 
 Pomfret, Earl of, 71. 
 
 Pompeiana, Sir William Gell's, 175. 
 
 Ponsonby, Mr. William (after- 
 wards Viscount Duncannon 
 and Earl of Bessborough), 8, 
 74> 83, 10?, no, 123; Lord 
 of Treasury and Postmaster- 
 General, 13 ; a most active art 
 
Index 
 
 collector, 13; death of, 13, 
 in ; presented Society with 
 balloting balls and bag, 32 ; 
 pTrtrait of, by Knapton, 218. 
 
 Portland, Duke of, 123. 
 
 P rtrait-gr ups. See Reynolds. 
 
 Portraits of members, 216-237 ; 
 various resolutions and orders 
 as to, 224, 227, 229, 230 ; 
 proposed series of engravings of, 
 z 33 ', applications from Man- 
 chester, South Kensington, &c, 
 for loan of pictures, 233, 234; 
 letter of thanks from Sir W. 
 Boxall, 234. 
 
 Potter, Mr. Justice, 99, 100. 
 
 Powerscourt, Lord, 195- . 
 
 Poynter, Mr. (afterwards Sir) 
 E. J., Painter to the Society, 
 208, 236; P.R.A., 236; his 
 portrait of Mr. Sidney Colvin, 
 
 air- 
 President, the, first chosen in 
 
 rotation, 25 ; office compulsory, 
 25 ■ power to decline upon 
 paying fine, 25 ; a scarlet 
 Roman dress decided on, 25: • 
 this form of dress still used, 
 z6 ; duty of Painter to arrange 
 its folds, 16 ; suspicious dis- 
 appearance of old toga, z6 ; 
 new one provided, 27 ; special 
 chair, the < Sella Curulis,' 27 ; 
 bills in connexion therewith, 27. 
 
 Priapeia, the, 122, 123 j reception 
 of the volume, 123, 124. 
 
 Priene, excavations by Mr. Pullan 
 at the temple of Athene 
 Polias at, 201 ; marbles and 
 inscriptions from thence pre- 
 sented by Society to British 
 Museum, 201. 
 
 Principles of Athenian Architecture, 
 publication of, 18? ; new 
 edition, 204. 
 
 Publishing expenses, mode of 
 
 providing for, 166-16%. 
 Pugin, 211. 
 
 Pullan, Mr. R. P., appointed by 
 Government to assist Mr. 
 Newton at Halicarnassus, 190 ; 
 andatBudrum, 198; his proposal 
 to Society to examine sites of 
 Teos, &c, 198 ; authorized to 
 explore temple of Bacchus at 
 Teos, 199 ; minute upon his 
 report, 199 ; Mr. Lloyd's 
 opinion on result of exploration, 
 1 99 ; supported by Society in 
 candidature for post of Vice 
 Consul, 200 ; again employed 
 by Society in the Troad, 200- 
 mentioned, 201. 
 
 Qualification for membership of 
 Society, 38. 
 
 R. 
 
 Ravens worth, Baron. S^Liddell. 
 Rawdon, Sir John (afterwards 
 
 Earl of Moira), 32 • portrait of, 
 
 by Knapton, 219. 
 Ray, Miss, mistress of Earl of 
 
 Sandwich, murder of by the 
 
 Rev. J. Hackman, 18. 
 Redcliffe, Lor a Stratford de, 189. 
 Revett, Mr., prepared design for 
 
 further adornment of Bacchus's 
 
 Tomb, 33 • mentioned, 47, 5:3, 
 
 %3,H, 93, 94> 9 6 , 97, 99, IO °, 
 105-, 116; Stuart allowed to use 
 
 his drawings of Athens, 97. 
 
 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, Painter to 
 
 Society, received a reprimand, 
 
 z6 ; first President of Royal 
 
 Academy, 57 ; mentioned, 62, 
 
 1 09 ; his appointment as Painter 
 
 to Society, 221 ; his portrait, 
 
Index 
 
 221 ; his two great portrait- 
 groups, 221-223 ; death of, 22? • 
 loan of his portrait to the Gr s- 
 venor Gallery, 23 6. 
 
 Reynolds portrait -groups, the, 
 207, 221-223 ; bill for fram- 
 ing, 222 n. • committees ap- 
 pointed to report on condition 
 of, 149, 226, 227 j members 
 represented in, 223 ; steps taken 
 for their preservation, 225", 
 227 ; engraved in mezzotint 
 by Messrs. Turner and Say, 
 227, 228 ; inquiries into state 
 of pictures, 232, 233; loan 
 of, to Grosvenor Gallery and 
 National Gallery, 23*). 
 
 Richmond, Charles Lennox, third 
 Duke of, 58, 108 ; his collection 
 of paintings, &c, 58. 
 
 Ridley, Sir Matthew White, M.P., 
 
 1 9 1 )' 
 
 Robinson, Hon. Frederick (after- 
 wards Lord Goderich and Earl 
 ofRipon), 170. 
 
 Robinson, Sir T. (afterwards Lord 
 Grantham), <^^ y 83, 108, 145-. 
 
 Rockingham, Earls of. See Wat- 
 son. 
 
 Rodney, 21. 
 
 Roe, Sir Thomas, 70. 
 
 Rolle, Margaret, Countess of 
 Orford, 14. 
 
 Rome, British artists in, 74, 75. 
 
 Romney, the painter, 115". 
 
 Rose, 210. 
 
 Rosebery, Lord, 198. 
 
 Roxburghe, Duke of, 108, 123. 
 
 Royal Academy, foundation of, 4, 
 5-7; its relations with Society,? 7. 
 
 Royal Society, older than Society 
 of Dilettanti, 2 ; fostered science 
 and research, 3. 
 
 Rule Ann. Soc. Undec, 64.-66. 
 
 Rushout, Sir John (afterwards 
 
 Lord Northwick), 127, 144, 
 145), 227 ; his collection of 
 Greek coins and paintings by 
 old masters, 147. 
 
 Ruskin, Mr., gift from, towards 
 publishing vol. iv of Ionian 
 Antiquities, 203 ; mentioned, 
 204, 211. 
 
 Russell, John, fourth Duke of Bed- 
 ford, Lord-Lieutenant of Ire- 
 land and ambassador to France, 
 19 • Horace Walpole's descrip- 
 tion of, 15); his characteristics, 
 19; mentioned, 38, 46, 5-3, 
 6V>, 80, 83, 171 j his death, 110 • 
 portrait of, by Knapton, 215). 
 
 Russell, John, R.A., well-known 
 painter, first appearance in 
 public, 67. 
 
 Ryan, Sir Edward, Secretary to 
 Society, 184, 193 ; mentioned, 
 1 8 5, 1 97 ; death of, 1 96 • portrait 
 of, by Leighton, 23?. 
 
 S. 
 
 St. George, Mr., 77. 
 St. John, Colonel Henry, 108. 
 St. Martin's Lane Academy, 4, 51. 
 Salamis, proposed fund to aid 
 
 archaeological research at, 208. 
 Sandby, Paul, artist, granted leave 
 
 to publish engravings from 
 
 Pars's drawings of Athens, 97; 
 
 presented a set to Society, 98. 
 Sandwich, Earl of. See Montagu, 
 
 John. 
 
 Savage, Mr., appointed Arch- 
 Master, 30 ; portrait of, by 
 Knapton, 218. 
 
 Savile, Lord, 207. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter, 145-. 
 
 Sc afton, Mr. Luke, 108. 
 
 Seaforth, Earl of, 221 ; portrait 
 of, by Sir J. Reynolds, 223. 
 
Index 
 
 Seal of the Society, 33 • proposed 
 device and motto, 33 ; aban- 
 doned in favour of the 'Medusa,' 
 34 j bill in connexion with the 
 latter, 34. 
 
 Sebright, Sir Thomas, 77. 
 
 Secretaries of the Society : Col. 
 George Gray, 13, zy, 45 ; 
 Mr. William Fauquier, 1 5, 1 1 2 • 
 Mr. Crowle, 112; Sir Joseph 
 Banks, 113, 1 14 ; Sir T. Law- 
 rence, 169, 231 j Mr. W. R. 
 Hamilton, 172,214- Sir Edward 
 Ryan, 184, 193- Sir W. F. 
 Pollock, 193, lyj ; Mr. W. 
 Watkiss Lloyd, 206 ; Earl of 
 Strafford, 206; Mr. Sidney Col- 
 vin, 206,23 7; Mr. Pember, joint, 
 206" ; Lord Welby, joint, 206". 
 
 Secretary, the, 27 • special dress, 28. 
 
 Selden, John, 70. 
 
 Select Committee of the House 
 of Commons on the purchase 
 of the Elgin Marbles, 135-. 
 
 c Sella Curulis,' or President's 
 chair, 27. 
 
 Selsey, Lord. See Peachey. 
 
 Selwyn, George, 67, 108. 
 
 Sestini, the Abbate Domenico, 
 published a description of Sir 
 Robert Ainslie's collection of 
 Oriental coins, 145-. 
 
 Seymour, Mr. Henry Danby, 
 M.P., iU. 
 
 Shee, Sir Martin Archer, P.R.A., 
 171 j Painter to Society, 184, 
 23 1 j his portrait of Mr. Morritt, 
 232. 
 
 Sherard, Sir Brownlow, 8, 17 ; 
 
 portrait of, by Knapton, 218. 
 Shergold, Richard, lottery-office 
 
 keeper, 34. 
 Shirley, Hon. Sewallis, 8, 36, 46, 
 
 8 3 j younger son of Earl Ferrers, 
 
 14 ; had relations with the cele- 
 
 brated Lady Vane, 14 ; and with 
 Margaret Rolie, Countess of 
 Orford, 14 ; M.P. and comp- 
 troller of the household to 
 Queen Charlotte, 14; his death, 
 14, no; portrait of, by Knap- 
 ton, 218. 
 
 Siris, the Bronzes of, 177, 178; 
 subscription for their purchase, 
 179, 180. 
 
 Sloane, Sir Hans, 3, 114. 
 
 Smith, Rev. Arthur (afterwards 
 Archbishop of Dublin and 
 Primate of Ireland), 8; travelled 
 abroad with Earl of Middlesex, 
 16 ; Dean of Raphoe and of 
 Derry, and Bishop of Clonfert, 
 of Down, and of Meath, 16 ; 
 death of, 16. 
 
 Smith, Sidney, quoted, 146'. 
 
 Smithson, Sir Hugh (afterwards 
 Duke of Northumberland), 8, 
 1 5"».; married heiress of duchy of 
 Northumberland, 15 ; father of 
 founder of Smithsonian Institu- 
 tion, 15-. 
 
 Smithsonian Institution at Boston, 
 
 U.S.A., 15-. 
 Smollett's Peregrine Pickle, Lady 
 
 Vane original of ' Lady of 
 
 Quality ' in, 14. 
 Smyth, Mr. John, portrait of, by 
 
 Sir J. Reynolds, 223. 
 Society of Antiquaries, founded 
 
 before Dilettanti Society, 2 ; 
 
 fostered science and research, 3. 
 Solander,Dr., accompanied Banks 
 
 and Cook in first voyage of En- 
 deavour, 113. 
 Somers, the late Earl, 19?, 202. 
 Somerset, Duke of, 162, 164, 227. 
 Somerset House, attempt to secure 
 
 a room in, 49. 
 Sotheby, William, his panegyricon 
 
 Sir Henry Englefield, 168, 169. 
 
Index 
 
 Specimens of Antient Sculpture, 1 26, 
 1 27 ; mode of publication, 127 • 
 proposed second volume, 129, 
 164, 165 ; difficulties and de- 
 lays in publication, 16?, 166. 
 
 Spedding, James, iy6. 
 
 Spence, Rev. Joseph, 8 • author 
 of Polymetis, 10 ; tutor to Earl 
 of Middlesex, 10, 17 j governor 
 to Earl of Lincoln, 1 7 ; Pro- 
 fessor of Poetry and Regius 
 Professor of Modern History 
 at Oxford, 17 ; friend of Pope, 
 17 ; his death, 17 ; his Polymetis 
 stimulated Lessing in com- 
 posing the Laocoon, 119. 
 
 Spencer, Earl, 108. 
 
 Spencer, Percival, Prime Minister, 
 
 134- 
 
 Spencer, Hon. William Robert, 
 157; his poems, 174.; minute 
 respecting him, 174. 
 
 Spencer-Stanhope, Mr. W., por- 
 trait of, by Sir J. Reynolds, 
 223. 
 
 Spon and Wheler, their expedi- 
 tion to Greece and the Levant, 
 
 73j 13°, 1 3 I - 
 ' Squire Gawky,' nickname of 
 
 Hon. Richard Grenville, 13. 
 
 Stackelberg, Baron, 186, 209. 
 
 Star and Garter, Pall Mall, meet- 
 ing-place of Society, 23, 4.9- 
 abortive attempt to purchase, 
 61. 
 
 Steavens, Mr., 77. 
 Stirling, Mr. William (afterwards 
 Sir William Stirling-Maxwell), 
 
 Strafford, Earl of, appointment as 
 Secretary and Treasurer, 206. 
 
 Strange, Sir Robert, 5 6, 57. 
 
 Strode, General William, 8, 36 ; 
 friend and ally of Duke of 
 Cumberland, 14; donor of the 
 
 duke's statue in Cavendish 
 Square, 14. 
 
 Stuart, Mr. James, 33, 47, 5-3, 61, 
 76, 83, 97, 99, 116 j appointed 
 Painter to the Society, 101, 220; 
 death of, 101, 110 j did not 
 comply with Society's demands, 
 220, 221 • superseded by Sir 
 Joshua Reynolds, 221 • minute 
 respecting his portrait, 221. 
 
 Stuart and Revett, their early 
 history, 75, 76; elected members 
 of the Society, 77, 79 • expedi- 
 tion to Athens, 77 ; join with 
 Dawkins and Wood, 78 ; visit 
 Smyrna, 78 ; Stuart nearly 
 murdered, 78 ; return to Eng- 
 land, j 9 ; publish first volume 
 of Antiquities of Athens, 80 • its 
 success, 80 ; a continuation 
 contemplated by Stuart, 97 • 
 difficulties between, 98—100 • 
 posthumous publication of vols, 
 ii-iv of the Antiquities, 101- 
 103 • supplementary volume, 
 103 n. See also under each name, 
 
 Sunday, meetings held on the first 
 in every month from December 
 to May, 23 • postponed in 
 December, 1757, to the second 
 Sunday in January, 24 ; altered 
 to twice a month in May, 1781, 
 24 ; again altered, 24 ; season 
 of holding meetings changed to 
 February to July, the present 
 arrangement, 24. 
 
 Sutherland, Duke of, 171. 
 
 Symmons, Mr., 16 7. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tanner, Ridley, bill for supplying 
 
 Arch-Master's robe, &c, 29. 
 Tavistock, Marquess of, 83. 
 Taylor, Sir John, Bart., presented 
 
334 
 
 Index 
 
 an ivory bas relievo of Perseus 
 and Andromeda to the Society, 
 33; mentioned, 98; portrait 
 of, by Sir J. Reynolds, 2x3. 
 Tea and coffee debarred at dinners, 
 Si- 
 
 Temple, Earl. See Grenville. 
 
 Tennyson, Lord, 196. 
 
 Teos, temple of, committee on 
 its exploration, 198 ; Mr. 
 Pullan's proposition, 198 ; ac- 
 cepted by Society, 199 ; results 
 of exploration, 199 ; fragments 
 of a frieze and an inscribed stele 
 presented to British Museum, 
 199. 
 
 Thatched House, St. James's 
 
 Street, removal to, 142, 14.3. 
 Thompson, Sir E. Maunde, 207. 
 Thompson, Sir Ralph, 207. 
 Thompson, Mr. Richard, portrait 
 
 of, by Sir J. Reynolds, 223. 
 Thompson, W. H., late Master of 
 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, 
 
 196. 
 
 Thorwaldsen, 178. 
 Thurlow, Lord, 123. 
 Toast, ancient, of the Society, 
 215. 
 
 Toasts, 37, 38, 215-. 
 
 Toga, the President's, 16 ; sus- 
 picious disappearance of, 26, 
 27. 
 
 Tomline, Mr. George, M.P., 186. 
 Tournefort, Pitton de, botanist, 
 74- 
 
 Townley, Mr. Charles, 109, 110, 
 112, 122,126,130, 22?, 235'; an 
 intimate friend of Sir William 
 Hamilton, 117; collected anti- 
 quities, 117; removed to London 
 and formed a gallery, 117; made 
 a trustee of British Museum, to 
 which he bequeathed his collec- 
 tion of marbles, 118. 
 
 Travellers' Club, the, Mr. Morritt 
 one of the founders of, 146. 
 
 Treasurers (or High Stewards) of 
 Society: Mr. H. Harris, 15, 
 27 ; Mr. Philip Metcalfe, 1 14. 
 
 Trench, Mr., 77. 
 
 Trevor, Hon. Mr., 164. 
 
 Troad, the, visited by Chandler, 
 Revett, and Pars, 87 ; Mr. 
 Pullan employed in, 200. 
 
 Twistleton, Hon. Edward, 198. 
 
 U. 
 
 Underdown, Mr., QC!., 207. 
 Unedited Antiquities of Attica, Tke y 
 
 publication of, 163, 164. 
 Upper Ossory, Countess of, 
 
 Horace Walpole's friend, 15-. 
 Upper Ossory, Duke of, 108. 
 
 V. 
 
 Vane, Lady, 14. 
 
 Vanneschi and Italian opera, 5-0, 
 ?*• 
 
 Venables, Mr. George, C^C., 196 ; 
 friend of Thackeray and reputed 
 original of ' Stunning War- 
 rington ' of Pendennis, 197 ; his 
 remarkable literary powers, 197. 
 
 Very High Steward, Mr. H. Har- 
 ris denominated, 28 ; lapse of 
 this office, 28 ; revived, and 
 accepted by Mr. Banks, 28 ; 
 a special dress suggested, 29 ; 
 Mr. Greville, 114. 
 
 Villiers, George, Duke of Bucking- 
 ham, 70. 
 
 Villiers, Thomas (afterwards Baron 
 Hyde and Earl of Clarendon), 
 8, 46, 83, 170; his long and 
 remarkable career in diplomacy, 
 16; death of, 16 ; portrait of, 
 by Knapton, 217. 
 
Index 
 
 Virtuosi, Society of, 7. 
 Visconti,Ennio Quirino, 135, 109. 
 
 W. 
 
 Waddington, M., French ambas- 
 sador, 204, 207. 
 
 Walpole, Horace, on Charles 
 Sackville, Earl of Middlesex, 
 11 • on the brothers Gray, 12 • 
 mentioned, 14, if, 67, 123; 
 on John Russell, Duke of Bed- 
 ford, 19 ; on Lord Deskfoord, 
 21 ; on the Dilettanti, 36, 51 • 
 on Italian opera, yo, 51 • on 
 Duke of Richmond's school of 
 statuary, 5 8. 
 
 Walpole, Sir Robert, 2, 14; 
 initiated the Westminster 
 Bridge Lottery, 42, 43. 
 
 Walpole, Mr. Spencer, 207. 
 
 Warkworth, Lord, 83. 
 
 Warwick, the late Earl, 195-. 
 
 Watson, Mr. Knight, 203. 
 
 Watson, Lewis, second Earl of 
 Rockingham, 20. 
 
 Watson, Thomas, third Earl of 
 Rockingham, 20. 
 
 Watson- Wentworth, Charles, Earl 
 of Malton (afterwards Marquess 
 of Rockingham), 76, 75), 80, 
 81, 108. 
 
 Watson-Taylor, Mr. George, 170. 
 
 Welby, Sir Reginald (now Lord 
 Welby), 158; joint Secretary 
 and Treasurer to Society, 106. 
 
 Welcker, 210. 
 
 Wells, Mr., of Redleaf, iU. 
 
 Wemyss, Earl of. See Charteris. 
 
 West, Mr. Benjamin, P.R.A., 
 109, 136, 227; consulted on 
 state of the Reynolds groups, 
 225, 226; presentation of his 
 portrait, and letter therewith, 
 230, 231. 
 
 Westmacott, Sir Richard, 136, 
 170, 171. 
 
 Westminster Bridge Lottery, the 
 earliest recorded transaction of 
 Society, 42 ; a scheme initiated 
 by Sir Robert Walpole, 42, 43 ; 
 Act of Parliament passed in 
 1736", 42 ■ minutes of Society 
 respecting first lottery, 43 • 
 prizes won, 44. ; resolutions in 
 connexion with second lottery, 
 44; resultedinlosstoSociety,45'. 
 
 Westmorland, Earl of. See 
 Burghersh. 
 
 Whitefoord, Caleb, 123. 
 
 Whitmore, Mr. Thomas, 8. 
 
 Wilbraham, Mr., Deputy Arch- 
 Master, 123, 157. 
 
 Wildman, William, second Vis- 
 count Barrington, 20; Secretary 
 of War and Chancellor of Ex- 
 chequer, 20 ; portrait of, by 
 Knapton, 21 p. 
 
 Wilkes, 15", 18, 123. 
 
 Wilkins, Mr. William, R.A., the 
 architect, 128, 136', 143, 144, 
 147, 158, itfo, 163, 171, 227- 
 sixth wrangler at Cambridge, 
 147 j studied architecture in 
 Italy and Greece, 147 ; writer 
 on classical architecture, 147 ; 
 edited The Unedited Antiquities 
 of Attica^ 163 ; death of, 168, 
 180; presentation to, 169. 
 
 Williams, Sir Charles Hanbury, 
 8, 226 • famous wit and satirist, 
 16 ; lived abroad as envoy, 16 ; 
 retained his interest in Society, 
 16$ his poems offered to 
 Society by Mr. Johnnes, 6j ; 
 verses on Crowle's duel with 
 Lord Hervey, 113. 
 
 Williams, Gilly, 67. 
 
 Williams- Wynn, Sir Watkin, 
 portrait of, by Sir J. Reynolds, 
 
Index 
 
 223 ; leave granted to Mr. T. 
 Grenville to copy it, 223. 
 
 Willis's Rooms, formerly c Al- 
 mack's,' removal of Society to, 
 193 ; closing of, ^o6. 
 
 Winchilsea, third Earl of, collec- 
 tion of, 71, 
 
 Winckelmann, ixy, 209. 
 
 Windham,Mr.J.,^8, 100, 102, 103, 
 104., 106, 109, 122, 126, 14.2. 
 
 Wolcot, Dr., 124. 
 
 Wood, Mr. J. T., excavations by, 
 at the temple of Diana at 
 Ephesus, 205. 
 
 Wood, Robert, first director of 
 Society's archaeological ven- 
 tures, 6b, 61, 78, 79, 80, 81, 
 
 82,83, 8 4' 88 > deathof j IIQ - 
 Worsley, Sir Richard, 35, 109, 
 
 112; British Resident at 
 
 Venice, 116; his tour through 
 
 Greece, &c, 1 16; his collection 
 
 of antiquities, 11 6. 
 Wrey, Sir Bourchier, portrait of, 
 
 by Knapton, 218. 
 Wyndham, Charles (afterwards 
 
 second Earl of Egremont), 20, 
 
 127. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yarborough, Earl of, owner of 
 Worsley collection of antiqui- 
 ties, 116 and note, 127. 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zetland, Earl of. See Dundas. 
 Zoega, 209. 
 
 Zoffany, the painter, 1 1 5-, 118. 
 
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