Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/descriptivecatalOOmoon DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF DRAWINGS BY J. M. W. TURNER, RA. EXPRESSLY MADE FOR HIS WORK, NOW IN COURSE OF PUBLICATION, OF Stetos in Cttglanti anti Wales ; AND ALSO FOR SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOW PRIVATELY EXHIBITING AT MOON, BOYS, AND GRAVES', 6, PALL MALL. June 1833. LONDON : MOYES, CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE. It is but due to those Gentlemen lvho are the Proprietors of the various Drawings forming this beautiful Exhibition, to acknowledge the very hind readiness with which they have met the desire expressed by several of the Subscribers to Mr. Tur- ner s " Views in England and Wales," that the Nobility and Gentry should be gratified with the present opportunity of privately viewing the Originals from which the Engravings have been executed. Those Drawings marked are the property of % Thomas Griffiths, Esq. Norwood. f Godfrey Windus, Esq. Tottenham. J Thomas Tomkison, Esq. § J. H. Maw, Esq. j| Rev. E. Coleridge. 5| Samuel Rogers, Esq. ^ # Charles Heath, Esq. ff Robert Cadell, Esq. DESCRIPTIVE NOTICES OF THE DRAWINGS. No. 1. HAMPTON COURT PALACE.— Middlesex. The Palace of Hampton Court, situated on the north bank of the Thames, two miles from Kingston, though built by a subject (Cardinal Wolsey), and constructed at different * periods, is, in many respects, the most magnificent of all the royal palaces in England : it was presented by Wolsey to Henry VIII. in 1526. The principal front of the old palace was taken down in 1690, and the present structure raised by Sir Christopher Wren, by order of King William III. 2. ENTRANCE TO FOWEY HARBOUR. — Cornwall. The town of Fowey was of considerable importance in the reigns of Edward I. Edward III. and Henry V., and assisted with thirty-seven ships at the siege of Calais ; a f chain formerly crossed the mouth of the harbour between two forts (now in ruins) ; this was taken away in the reign of Edward IV. At present, the harbour is defended by two small modern batteries, and by St. Catherine's Fort, built by the townsmen in the reign of Henry VIII. 3. STAMFORD. — Lincolnshire. Stamford was anciently much more considerable, and had fourteen parish churches; but nearly half of them were destroyed during the wars between the houses of York and Lancaster. It is mentioned in Doomsday Book as con- taining 141 mansions; it had an ancient castle, probably built by the Danes ; after passing through the hands of various possessors, it was granted by Queen Elizabeth to Lord Burleigh ; scarcely any vestiges now remain. 6 No. 4. RICHMOND CASTLE Sc TOWN. — Yorkshire (W.R.) This view is taken from the south bank of the Swale, above the Castle Mills, near the Priory of St. Martin's ; the celebrated castle, the splendid ruins of which form the most f striking feature in the View, was founded about the year 1090. The town is not large, but the situation of it is extremely delightful. Richmond in Surrey received that name from King Henry VII. after his earldom in Yorkshire. The site of the castle is nearly six acres. 5. PEMBROKE CASTLE.— Pembrokeshire (& Wales.) This castle forms the western extremity of the town, occupying a rocky termination of the ridge on which it is placed. It is truly a noble ruin, and, in some points of view, is one of the finest objects Wales can boast of. This fortress was founded in the year 1092, on the site of one more ancient. During the Welsh wars it was frequently besieged, but was always considered impregnable ; it was, however, reduced by Oliver Cromwell. 6. VALLE CRUCIS ABBEY,— Denbighshire (N.W.) Formerly a House of Cistercians, founded in the year 1200, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary : the ruins of the Abbey still afford some fine specimens of the pointed style of architecture. The ruins on the conical mountain in the back-ground of the View are those of the once impregnable castle of Dinas Bran. From its commanding situation, it forms a very striking object in the surrounding scenery. 7. DEVONPORT AND DOCK- YARD.— Devonshire. Devonport is about a mile and a half to the west of Plymouth, situated at the mouth of the Tamar, as the latter town is at that of the Plym, both rivers falling into the * capacious haven called Plymouth Sound. It is nearly joined in one continued line of buildings with Plymouth, by the intervening town of Stonehouse. Hamoaze Bay, at the mouth of the Tamar, is the harbour best adapted for ships of war ; and here, accordingly, in time of peace, a very considerable part of the English navy is moored. 7 No. 8. WARWICK CASTLE. — Warwickshire. This renowned and stupendous edifice is built on a rock, at the foot of which flows the river Avon. The pre- cise era of a fortified building on this spot is not recorded, but it is clear that the foundation took place before the * Norman conquest ; and probably a stronghold was con- structed here by Ethelfleda, the daughter of King Alfred. A grand face of the castle is towards the river, where the rock, which serves as a foundation, rises perpendicularly to a considerable height. The interior of this vast edifice surpasses the expectations raised by its outward appear- ance. 9. BUCKFASTLEIGH ABBEY.— Devonshire. Buckfastleigh is a village situated on the Dart. Many of its houses are constructed with materials taken from the f ruins of the abbey, which was originally founded in the reign of Henry I. The view in the Drawing is looking into Buckland, towards the extensive waste called Dartmoor, which occupies the greater part of western Devonshire. 10. WALTON BRIDGE.— Surrey. The first bridge on the Thames at Walton was erected by Samuel Decker, Esq. in 1750; it was of timber; but in 1780 was so decayed that Mr. Decker's nephew rebuilt it. The present bridge is of brick, and has four principal arches, with several smaller ones on each side, as well to obviate the inconvenience of floods, as to make the ascent more easy. 11. THE CITY OF EXETER.— Devonshire. Exeter is a place of great antiquity, and the date of its original foundation is unknown. In 1769 the walls were entire ; several parts have since been taken away, f and all the gates except the south gate. But the glory of Exeter is its venerable and magnificent cathedral, begun in the year 932 ; and it is affirmed by Hooke and others to have been 500 years before the whole was completed. The city is pleasantly situated on the east bank of the river Exe. 1 f 8 No. 12. OKEHAMPTON (or Oakhampton).— -Devonshire. This ancient town is surrounded by hills, in a secluded valley, the river Oak flowing through it. The castle for- merly belonged to the Courtenay family, but Henry VIII. * having discovered a secret correspondence between Henry de Courtenay and Cardinal Pole, caused the former to be beheaded, reduced the magnificent castle to ruins, and devas- tated the extensive and noble park. The ruins are situated on a conical mass of rock, about a mile to the south-west of the town. 13. PLYMOUTH {looking towards the Sound).—- Devon. In reference to the situation of Plymouth, see the notice of Devonport (No. 7). Before the construction of the celebrated Breakwater, extending across the entrance of * the harbour, and occupying about half its breadth, leaving a channel on both shores, Plymouth Harbour was continually exposed to the heavy swell of the Atlantic : this noble work has fully answered all the purposes of safety for which it was undertaken. 14. MALVERN ABBEY AND GATE.— Worcestershire. Long before Malvern was celebrated as a place of fashion- able resort, it was of considerable note in ecclesiastical history. A hermitage was here endowed by Edward the \ Confessor. The church of Great Malvern is a handsome specimen of Gothic architecture ; the tower, 124 feet high, was built nearly in its present form by Sir Reginald Bray, a favourite of Henry VII., and he greatly adorned the church. The body appears, from the arches, to be Saxon, while the chancel is Gothic. 15. RICHMOND {distant mew).— Yorkshire. (N. R.) A notice of Richmond has been already given (see No. 4). \ The great ornament of the town next to the castle is the Tower of the Grey Friars ; it is lofty, well proportioned, and of the lightest and richest style of late Gothic architecture. 9 No. 16. T AM WORTH CASTLE.— Warwickshire. Tamworth lies half in Warwickshire and half in Stafford- shire. The most interesting feature in Tamworth is the castle, which stands on an artificial mound : till the coni- f mencement of the last century, it was the habitual residence of its lords. The whole fabric has a dull and heavy appear- ance, but it is highly attractive as a monument of antiquity ; and the elevation of the site gives it an air of considerable grandeur. 17. TYNEMOUTH PRIORY.— Northumberland. Tynemouth, situated about a mile below North Shields, is chiefly noted for its ancient castle and priory, erected on a high rock, and inaccessible from the sea. The castle was a place of great strength in early times, but little now remains of this ancient bulwark. The monastery was within the castle, and it still exhibits many elegant specimens of architecture. The whole appears to have been very magni- ficent, the ruins being still extremely noble and picturesque. In 1539 its possessions were very large, for it had twenty- seven villas in the county of Northumberland, with their royalties, and much other valuable property. 18. RICHMOND HILL AND BRIDGE.— Surrey. " Sheen," a word of Saxon origin, was anciently used to convey the "splendour" of the scenery of Richmond — a name it acquired from Henry VII., who rebuilt it after it * had been destroyed by fire in 1497. Its beauty has in- duced the residence of many kings and queens, and parks were formed on this chosen spot of nature by Edward I. Henry VII. and Charles I. Natives and foreigners, of all ranks of society, are found to appreciate the rich, delight- ful, and extraordinary beauty of Richmond. 19. GREAT YARMOUTH.— Norfolk. This town is first mentioned in Doomsday Book. About 1040, the northern channel of the Yar becoming obstructed f by sand, the inhabitants moved to the southern bank. It stands on a peninsula, was early distinguished, and still r 10 No. remains unrivalled in the herring fishery. The pride and boast of Yarmouth is its fine quay, being in length one mile and 270 yards. The harbour is considered as a very secure asylum, yet the coast is the most dangerous in Britain, and numerous and melancholy instances of shipwreck fill the annals of its history. The pillar, near the centre of the view, was erected in honour of Lord Nelson. 20. CARISBROOK CASTLE. — Isle of Wight. The earliest historical notice of this ancient fortress is in the year 530, when it was besieged and taken by Cerdic, whose son is said to have rebuilt it ; the present keep was probably the fort used in the time of the Saxons. On the f north side are the ruins of those apartments which derive an additional interest from having been occupied by Charles I. during his imprisonment in this castle. The stone -work of a window, with an upright iron bar, is still remaining ; the small room to which it belongs is said to have been his bed-chamber, and the window to be that through which he made a fruitless attempt to escape, as related by Clarendon. 21. ORFORD. — Suffolk. This town, of which the castle is said to have formerly been the centre, was among the rewards given to the fol- lowers of the Conqueror. In Doomsday Book it appears under the name of Sudborn, in possession of Robert, the * son of William Malet, to whose care the body of the unfor- tunate Harold, who fell in the battle of Hastings, was com- mitted. This town was formerly a place of importance and considerable trade, but has gradually fallen into decay, from the loss of the haven, which has been blocked up by a dangerous bar. 22. KENILWORTH CASTLE.— Warwickshire. The history of this celebrated castle is replete with interest, from the time of its foundation in the reign of Henry I. to the present hour. It was founded by a man of humble origin, Geoffrey de Clinton, who rose to be cham- berlain and treasurer to Henry I. In the reign of Henry II. 11 it was in the possession of the king, who garrisoned it on the occasion of the rebellion of his eldest son. John and Henry III. both strengthened it, and the latter gave it to the Earl of Leicester : on the rebellion of the earl, the castle underwent a siege of six months, and was obliged to sur- render for want of provisions : the king then gave it to his younger son Edmund. Edward II. was a prisoner here. In the time of Edward III. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lan- caster, became its lord, and made to it very extensive addi- tions. His son reigning as King Henry IV. it devolved to him, and remained royal property till Elizabeth conferred it on Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, whose magnificent fes- tivities form, if not a part of national history, at least a pro- minent point in national literature, in the glowing descrip- tions of Sir Walter Scott. During the civil war, Cromwell granted the whole manor to some officers of his army, who demolished the splendid edifice to sell the materials. The interesting ruins now await the slow inroads of time to fulfil their term of grandeur. 23. MARGATE. — Isle of Thanet, Kent. Within a century, Margate has risen from a petty fishing-town to its present consequence, to which its excel- lent pier has greatly contributed. It is an elegant, substan- * tial, and convenient stone structure, 900 feet in length, admirably calculated to secure the town from the future inroads of the sea. On the 14th of January, 1808, a violent storm swept away the bathing-rooms and part of the High Street. This was before the erection of the present pier. 24. LAUNCESTON. — Cornwall. This place appears to have been of great military im- portance in early times, and the ruins of the castle prove that it must have been a very strong and important fortress. § As this town was a principal residence of the Earls of Cornwall for many years after its foundation (probably about the year 900), it grew in importance, and obtained various liberties and privileges, which were successively enlarged by many of our kings. 12 No. 25. ETON COLLEGE.— Berkshire. The town of Eton, on the banks of the Thames, oppo- site to Windsor, is chiefly celebrated for the noble seminary of learning founded in the year 1440, by King Henry VI., * under the name of Eton College. In addition to students on the foundation, a number of youths, chiefly the sons of noble or opulent families, who board with the masters, are educated here, amounting, on an average, to 300 or 350 annually. The library is considered one of the finest in Europe. 26. WINCHELSEA — Sussex. Few places have suffered more reverses, and from more opposite causes, than Winchelsea. Once a town of two miles in circumference — now of about 120 houses ; at one time inundated by the rising of the sea — and its final ruin consequent on the entire desertion of the same element. * Famed under Henry III. for piracies on the high seas — and reduced by storm, and the principal persons of the place put to death by Edward I. for committing them. Three times pillaged — twice by the French, and again by the Spaniards ; and yet, upon the visit of Queen Elizabeth, complimented with the title of Little London. Towards the end of her reign the sea retired, and the town has gra- dually wasted to nothing. 27. ASH BY DE-LA-ZOUCH.— Leicestershire. This town is pleasantly situated in a fertile plain on the borders of Derbyshire. The castle, of which the ruins are represented in the Drawing, was for a time the place of confinement of the unfortunate Mary, Queen of Scots, * whose son, James I. was subsequently entertained here, with his whole court, by the Earl of Huntingdon, with great magnificence, dinner being served by thirty poor knights, wearing crowns of gold and velvet gowns. In the time of the civil war, the castle was garrisoned for King Charles I.; and on its capitulation to the parliamentary forces, it was dismantled. 13 No. 28. KILGERRAN CASTLE. — Pembrokeshire (S. Wales.) The chief remains of this celebrated fortress consist of two round towers, of large proportions and great strength. The prevalence of the circular arch bespeaks the Norman * origin of the edifice. The scenery of the river is very picturesque, and the prospect of the castle, which suddenly comes in view on sailing up the stream, is extremely striking. 29. ST. CATHERINE'S HILL.— Near Guildford, Surrey. It derives its appellation from the chapel erected on its summit, which was dedicated to St. Catherine, of the foundation of which nothing is certain. A petition entered on the rolls of Parliament alleges that Richard de Wauncey had built this chapel on the king's ground without per- mission, and it was therefore forfeited. The same Richard de Wauncey obtained a charter for holding a fair, the fes- tivities of which have been chosen to animate the scene represented in the Drawing. 30. GOSPORT. — (Entrance to Portsmouth Harbour) Hamp. Gosport is situate on a projecting point of land at the western side of the entrance to Portsmouth Harbour. In the immediate vicinity of Portsmouth, the great naval ren- dezvous of the kingdom, it has become a place of much importance. On entering the town, the fortifications and numerous public works give it a very striking appearance. The magnificent building of the Royal Hospital of Haslar, for sick and wounded seamen, lies south of the town, about 400 yards from the water : it was finished in 1762. 31. ALNWICK CASTLE. — Northumberland. For more than 500 years this castle has remained in the family of the Percys. In 1093 it was an important fortress, and withstood the memorable siege against Mal- colm, King of Scotland, and his son Prince Edward, who were both slain before it. It was burnt by King John in 1216, but underwent a thorough repair when it came into the Percy family, in 1310. The battlements of the towers 14 No. are embellished with grotesque figures of warriors, many of them very ancient, others of more recent date. The walls are flanked with sixteen towers, and the greater part of the castle is evidently of Saxon architecture ; though some rea- sons are assigned for its original foundation by the Romans. 32. SALISBURY.— Wiltshire. Salisbury is a place of great celebrity in English history, and noted for its fine Cathedral. A peculiar circumstance, highly conducive to its health and cleanliness, is, that each of the principal streets has a channel with a continual ■f stream of water flowing through, supplied from the Avon. The cathedral is justly considered one of the finest eccle- siastical edifices in Europe, and a highly interesting speci- men of the architecture of the thirteenth century ; it is also remarkable for being the most regular, uniform, and syste- matic structure of the kind in England. 33. LUDLOW CASTLE. — Shropshire. Ludlow Castle stands on a bold, wooded rock which overhangs the river Teme ; the walls are of great height and thickness. Round it there are public walks, shaded with trees, which command a variety of fine prospects. No vestige remains of the priories and other monastic buildings that formerly adorned the town. Lucien Bonaparte lived here for several years. 34. TREMATON CASTLE. — Cornwall. This castle was erected before the Conquest; the re- mains are still very considerable, and when seen from the * east, have an aspect of great boldness and grandeur. The view from the ramparts commands a fine prospect of the Hamoaze, Dock, Mount Edgcumbe, and Maker Heights. 35. LOUTH. — Lincolnshire. Louth is a large well-built town in the north-east part of the county of Lincoln, at the eastern foot of the Wolds. The church is a large and handsome building, with a tower and spire at the west end, celebrated for its elegance, and of the height of 228 feet. It is a place of considerable and increasing trade. 15 No. 36. HOLY ISLAND.— Northumberland. This island is so called from its having been the resi- dence of several fathers of the Saxon church ; it is also called Lindisfarne : about eight miles from Berwick, and two from the main land. As in the time of Bede, it is still acces- sible, both by horses and carriages, at low water; but it is necessary to be acquainted with the quicksands, which are dangerous. In 635, King Oswald made it a bishop's see ; in 875, Eardulf, the seventeenth and last bishop, on a second invasion of the Danes, left the place to the fury of the Pagan invaders. Some years afterwards the see was removed to Durham. 37. STONYHURST. — Lancashire. This mansion of the Sherburne family having fallen into the possession of Thomas Weld, Esq. of Lulworth Castle, Dorsetshire, as heir-at-law to the Duchess of Norfolk, who f died in 1754, he converted it into a large Catholic semi- nary. This Mr. Weld was the father of the Rev. Thomas Weld, who was made a cardinal by the pope in the year 1830. The building was probably erected in the sixteenth century. 38. FOLKESTONE.— Kent. Folkestone is the nearest point to the French coast ; and if the facilities it affords for speed of communication with the Continent were but brought into service, it would not only tend to the improvement of the trade and importance of the place, but be found generally beneficial to the coun- try. It has a secure and spacious harbour, which has been sadly neglected for the mere want of government sanction and patronage ; private information has continually outrun official, by the use of this port. A packet established here would raise this member of the Cinque Ports to a flourishing condition. Its natural defences are very strong. 39. WEST COWES.— Isle of Wight. Henry VIII. built here a small castle, still remaining, J previous to which there was no town on the spot. The streets 16 No. towards the sea are narrow and ill built; but the town, standing on the declivity of a hill at the mouth of the Medina, and the buildings thus rising one above another, not only commands delightful views, but has a very pictu- resque effect when seen from the sea, or from the opposite bank of the river. It is a place of considerable business, and of late years, from its salubrity and beauty, has become a much-frequented and fashionable watering-place. 40. MALMSBURY ABBEY. — Wiltshire. Malmsbury Abbey, from a small monastery founded by Maildulph, a Scotch monk, about the sixth century, in- creased to such an extent by the munificent patronage of many of the Saxon kings, and afterwards by the Conqueror, John, and others, that its buildings are said to have occupied J no less than forty -five acres of ground; but little remains except part of the abbey church, which appears to have been a very splendid structure. In the time of Henry VIII. the nave of the church was appropriated to the use of the parishioners, for the performance of Divine service. The town was formerly walled, and had a large and strong castle, which has long since been demolished. 41. DUNSTANBOROUGH CASTLE. — Northumb. After the battle of Hexham, Sir Richard Tunstall, and other adherents of Queen Margaret, retaining possession of this castle with 120 men, it was besieged by Lord Hastings, and being taken in three days, it was battered into ruins, in which state it has since remained : it was built in the J year 1315, by Thomas, the son of Edmund, Earl of Lan- caster, the most powerful and wealthy subject of his time, but, resisting Edward III., he was beheaded and then canonised. The village of Dunstan is celebrated as being the birth-place of Duns Scotus, the famous opposer of Aquinus. 42. LANCASTER SANDS. — Lancaster. At low water these sands are fordable, and visitors to Furnes have to cross over them, a distance of nine miles, 17 No. from a place named Hestbank, to reach their object. A guide is indispensable to safety, and many persons have perished by attempting imprudently to cross without one. { It has been the custom, from time immemorial, for a regular guide, who is called " the Carter," to attend and conduct strangers across this dangerous spot; and it has happened, that in the event of sudden fogs, or unexpected tides, those most perfectly acquainted with the sands have been lost. Several rivulets cross them ; and this large tract, which in the time of Ptolemy was called Moricambe, is still named More- combe Bay. 43. WINDSOR CASTLE. — Berkshire. In a charter of Edward the Confessor, Windsor was granted to the monastery of St. Peter, Westminster ; but William the Conqueror, perceiving the beauties of the situa- tion, prevailed on the abbot to exchange it for some lands in Essex; since that time, except during the Cornmon- | wealth, it has remained vested in the crown. As soon as the exchange was made, William founded the castle and designed the parks. Henry I. made such important addi- tions, that he has been styled by some the founder ; but to Edward III. who was born there, it is indebted for its magnitude and grandeur. The view from the summit of the Round Tower embraces no fewer than twelve counties. 44. DARTMOUTH COVE. — Devonshire. In many points of view this outlet of the sea, from the windings of the banks, presents the appearance of a lake. The harbour is capable of containing 500 ves- •f sels; the entrance is defended by a castle and two platforms of cannon, the former supposed to be erected in the time of Henry VII. The scenery about the castle is ex- tremely fine ; the banks of the river, consisting of lofty hills, covered with various plants and shrubs, constitute its chief beauty. 45. KNARESBOROUGIL— Yorkshire {West Riding.) The pleasant and commanding situation of the town, the ruins of its ancient castle, and the romantic environs of Knaresborough, compose, indeed, a most delightful scene. 18 No. Opposite to the castle ruins, on the south-west bank of the Nid, is the celebrated petrifying or dripping well, estimated to emit twenty gallons per minute. The castle is celebrated || in English history, from the Conquest to its demolition by order of the parliament in 1648. The unfortunate Richard II. was confined here. James I. gave it to his son Charles, in the troubles of whose reign this town had a considerable share in the civil wars. Lord Fairfax took it by assault, and the castle surrendered on honourable terms. 46. BRINKBURN PRIORY. — Northumberland. These ruins are one of many instances in which cir- cular and pointed arches occur in the same building ; the Priory was founded in the reign of Henry I. when the Saxon f and Gothic styles struggled for pre-eminence. Though Brinkburn Priory is rather a plain edifice, it has a solemn and majestic appearance, which is greatly heightened by the romantic beauty of the surrounding country. 47. CHATHAM. — Kent. This town, situated on the Medway, is a place of im- mense importance, by its intimate connexion with the ma- ritime power of Britain. Its naval arsenal contains a vast magazine of stores of every kind; and all the operations for the most extensive naval architecture are carried on. The dock-yard, with the ordnance wharf, is about a mile in length ; and all its various departments are on the grandest scale. Great expense has been incurred to render the defences of Chatham correspondent to its important cha- racter. 48. SALTASH— Cornwall. The inhabitants of Saltash are chiefly fishermen, or persons belonging to the dock-yard at Plymouth : it is one of the principal entrances to the county of Cornwall. The town is founded on a solid rock, and the houses built of the native stone, rising one above another with a quick ascent. The remains of the once formidable castle of Trematon, which was erected before the Conquest, are on the summit of a lofty hill, a mile to the west of Saltash. The streets are narrow and indifferent. 19 49. LANGHARNE, OR TALACHARNE CASTLE.— Caermarthenshire. Although it is uncertain by whom or at what time this castle was erected, it is undoubtedly of great antiquity. Caradoc, in his History of Wales, relates, that in the reign of King John, 1215, it was besieged, taken, and razed by Llewellyn, Prince of North Wales ; in all probability mean- * ing by the word razed, the destruction of whatever might readily be destroyed by fire or otherwise: the levelling of the solid walls of an ancient castle is a work of great labour. It is said to have been taken in the reign of Charles I. by General William Langharne. The town of Langharne is in the Welsh annals frequently called Aber Corran. 50. UPNOR CASTLE. — Kent. This castle was built, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, to defend the passage of the Medway, and never but once has it been called upon to answer the purpose of its erection; it then effectually answered the call made. In the time of Charles II. the Dutch admiral, De Ruyter, ap- peared at the mouth of the Thames, and sent Van Ghent up the Medway to destroy the shipping. This he partially effected; but advancing with six men of war and three fire-ships to Upnor Castle, Major Scott, commandant of the castle, and Sir Edward Spragge, who directed the batteries on the opposite side, opened so hot a fire, that Van Ghent was obliged to retreat, with considerable damage, to his ships. It is two miles from Rochester, and is now used as a powder-magazine. 51. BLENHEIM HOUSE AND PARK.— Oxfordshire. From the earliest times this has been a spot famed in English annals. Ethelred here assembled a parliament — • and it is the place where Alfred is reported to have trans- lated Boetius — Henry I. enclosed it — it was the seclu- sion Henry II. chose for his Fair Rosamond — it was the birth-place of Edward the Black Prince — Queen Elizabeth, during a part of the reign of her sister Mary, was im- prisoned here — and the old palace was inhabited by ouk 20 kings till the reign of Charles I., but in the subsequent unhappy times the demolition began. The magnificent ruins were existing at the beginning of the 18th century, on the spot where two sycamores have been planted as a memorial. The great Marlborough received from the nation the park and manor of Woodstock, in gratitude for the services he rendered his country, and especially for his memorable victory at Blenheim. The present house was built at the public expense ; and the tenure by which the manor is held, is the presentation, by the heir of the great duke, on the 2d of August every year, of the banner of France, which is deposited in Windsor Castle. 52. BEDFORD. — Bedfordshire. Bedford is a place of great antiquity ; the Saxons called it Bedern-ford (the fortress on the ford.) In 572 a great battle was fought here between the Britons and Saxons ; subsequently being plundered by the Danes, Edward the Elder united it to Mikesgate, on the opposite bank, and it has ever since been called by the common name of § Bedford. A strong castle was built here after the Conquest, of which Camden says, " While it stood, there was no storm of civil war that did not burst upon it." Bedford is rich in charitable funds, much increased by Sir William Harpur having, in the year 1566, bequeathed to the corporation thirteen acres of meadow land in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, upon which Bedford Row and its neighbour- hood now stands, for which he had given £180. 53. ELY CATHEDRAL.— Cambridgeshire. This fine and venerable structure is the workmanship of different periods ; interesting to the antiquary as affording him the means of direct comparison of the style of one*age with another. In the year 1322 the lofty stone tower fell, and destroyed the three most western arches : the present magnificent octagonal tower, supported by eight pillars, and terminated by an elegant lantern, which is greatly admired, was erected to supply its place. The view in the Drawing represents the south transept and the western tower. 21 No. 54. THE STRAITS OF DOVER. — Kent. It is supposed, on good grounds, that the island of Great Britain was once a peninsula, connected with the opposite continent by an isthmus, the site of which is now occupied by these straits. The nearest distance of the two points of land is about twenty-one miles ; the extreme mean depth of the channel is not more than twenty-five fathoms f at the highest spring tides, deepening eastwards and west- wards to 100 fathoms. The chalky cliffs of Blancnez, be- tween Calais and Boulogne, and those to the westward of Dover, exactly tally : the latter are vast and continuous, the former short, and the termination of the immense bed. Other indications, perfectly convincing to geologists, might be men- tioned. The Drawing exhibits the cliff, jvvith the castle and two light-houses on its summit. 55. NORTHAMPTON. — Northamptonshire. The Saxon annals call both Northampton and South- ampton by the simple name of Hampton ; and afterwards, for distinction sake, their relative names were added. North- ampton is a central inland town, eighty miles from the sea ; is said to have been burnt by the Danes ; was besieged by the Barons in their war with John; and again by Henry III. when it was taken by the king. Here the bloody battle ** was fought in which King Henry VI. was taken prisoner It was entirely consumed by fire in 1675, but recovered itself by liberal contributions from all parts of the country. The walls of this town were above two miles in circum- ference. In the reign of Henry III. by the royal permis- sion, some scholars from Oxford and Cambridge here pursued academical studies as at a university ; but at the end of about three years this was suppressed, by reason of the injury it might occasion to the other universities. 56. COLCHESTER.— Essex. The memorials discovered in Colchester, and the au- thorities respecting it, will not admit of a doubt of its having been both a British and a Roman city. It is men- § tioned by Dion Cassius as the residence of the British king, 22 Cunobiline, and the capital of the Trinobantes ; though Mr. Pennant, on the authority of several historians, assigns London as the capital of that tribe, who, according to Geoffrey of Monmouth, were the lineal descendants of iEneas, after the siege of Troy. Medals and coins, from the date of the first landing of the Romans to their departure ; urns, tesselated pavements, patera, bracelets, and utensils of many kinds, have been found scattered over the whole great extent of ground on which Colchester is situated; and Roman bricks and tiles form the chief materials of the most ancient public edifices — the castle, the churches, and the walls. Formerly 20,000 persons were employed here in the manufacture of baize, introduced by the Flemings. The castle is very ex- tensive, and the outer walls are nearly perfect. 57. PENMAEN-MAWR. — Caernarvonshire. This mountain lies on the road from Chester to Bangor; and the road winding along its steep ascent was extremely dangerous, until the year 1772, when the strong wall which now secures it from the sea was erected. The mountain is ** above 1500 feet in perpendicular height from its base. It is one of the most striking and romantic spots in the kingdom. On the summit stands Braich-y-Ddinas, or the Arm of the City, an ancient fortification encompassed with a strong treble wall. 58. STONEHENGE. — Wiltshire. That the rude enormous stones which still stand in some degree of regular order, although at first appearance a com- plete ruin, have been originally a temple for religious rites, there can be little or no doubt. The most probable opinion is, that it was used for this purpose by the Druids ; but the ^[ date of its erection, who was its founder, the means by which such ponderous stones were brought to this spot, and so arranged, are altogether buried in obscurity. The total number, in its complete state, appears to have been 109, and the arrangement to have been in the form of two circles and two ellipses. In the centre of the whole is one immense stone of 15 feet in length, called the Altar Stone. The peculiar 23 No. character, and the vast extent of this ancient edifice, if edifice it may be called, justly entitle it to be considered as one of the wonders of antiquity. 59. CAREW CASTLE.— Pembrokeshire (South Wales). The remains of this castle are very fine. About the beginning of the 16th century a tournament was held here, ** by the lord of the castle, Sir Keil of Thomas, which lasted five days. A cross fourteen feet high, formed of a single stone, stands by the side of the road. It is distant five miles from Pembroke. 60. NOTTINGHAM.— Nottinghamshire. This town is situated on the river Trent, which is of very great service to the place in the transport of its manufac- tures, consisting chiefly of stockings, lace, and shawls; it has also a considerable trade in coarse earthenware and ale, for which latter it is much celebrated. On the steep hill at the * * west of the town formerly stood a castle of great antiquity ; the castle which has lately been destroyed in a popular tumult, was a modern building, and occupied its site. The rock on which the town is built is of a soft sandy kind, out of which many of the vaults and cellars of the houses are excavated. 61. CHRIST-CHURCH.— Oxford. This college was founded by Cardinal Wolsey in 1525 ; but in 1529, when he fell into disgrace, Henry VIII. sus- pended it for three years. The grand entrance has a beau- tiful tower, containing the famous large bell called Great Tom, brought from Oseney Abbey. The church towards the east end of the grand quadrangle is the cathedral, for- merly the church of St. Frideswide's Monastery, erected in 1200. At the west end of the north aisle is the painting of St. Peter delivered out of Prison. Queen Elizabeth con- verted the grammar scholars into students, and ordained that their vacancies should be supplied from Westminster School. 7S 24 No. 62. COVENTRY. — Warwickshire. The buildings in this city are in general very ancient : its beautiful cathedral was entirely destroyed by order of Henry VIII. ; and it had a matchless group of churches, all standing in one churchyard. The steeple of St. Michael's church is one of the most elegant in Europe ; it is 303 feet high, the exact length of the church. Its ancient ** name, Coventria, is supposed to be derived from a convent of nuns, afterwards destroyed by the Danes, in 1016. The walls of the city were forty years in building, and finished in 1355, having thirty -two towers and twelve gates. The city was strongly garrisoned by the Parliament during the civil wars, and, in consequence, at the restoration its works were destroyed. 63. NEWARK CASTLE.— Selkirkshire. He passed where Newark's stately tower Looks out from Yarrow's birchen bower : The minstrel gazed with wistful eye — No humbler resting-place was nigh. With hesitating step, at last, \ f The embattled portal-arch he pass'd, Whose ponderous grate and massy bar Had oft roll'd back the tide of war, But never closed the iron door Against the desolate and poor. Lay of the Last Minstrel — Introduction. 64. KELSO.— Roxburgh. Kelso is a town situated on the Tweed, opposite the junction of the Teviot. This View will no doubt be ren- ff dered more interesting by the circumstance of its being the place where Sir Walter Scott passed some time at school. The old abbey, a considerable part of which still remains, is the great ornament of Kelso. ?7* 25 No. 65. JEDBURGH. Then Tividale came to wi' speid ; The sherifFe brought the Douglas down, Wi' Cranstane, Gladstane, good at need, Baith Rewle Water, and Hawick Town. Beaujeddart bauldly made him boun, -j- -f Wi' a' the Trumbills, stronge and stout ; The Rutherfords, with grit renown, Convoy'd the town of Jedburgh out. * # # * * Then raise the the slogan with ane shout — " Fy, Tindaill, to it ! Jedburgh's here !" Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border — The Raid of the Reidswire. 66. BEMERSIDE TOWER. The romance of Sir Tristrem was composed by Thomas of Ercildoune, called the Rhymer, who flourished in the 13th century. The tower shewn in this Drawing is known, upon good authority, to have been one of his resorts. ■f f The only copy believed to exist of this ancient and curious poem is in the Library of the Faculty of Advocates, Edin- burgh. Sir Walter Scott printed an edition of it, with some account of its author, the history of the romance itself, and many valuable elucidatory observations upon it. 67. HERMITAGE CASTLE. Rude border chiefs, of mighty name, And iron soul, who sternly tore The blossoms from the tree of Fame, And purpled deep their tints with gore, f f Rush from brown ruins, scarr'd with age, That frown o'er haunted Hermitage ; Where, long by spells mysterious bound, They pace their round with lifeless smile, And shake, with restless foot, the guilty pile, Till sink the mouldering towers beneath the burden'd ground. Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border — Ode on visiting Flodden. 26 No. 68. THE TOWN OF BERWICK-UPON-TWEED. Berwick, the scene of many sanguinary conflicts between the English and Scotch, was finally ceded to England in 1502. The town is surrounded by walls, formerly mounted with cannon, which were not removed till the peace that •f f followed the battle of Waterloo. The Engraving to be made from this Drawing will illustrate the volume of dramas and miscellaneous pieces of Sir Walter Scott's Poetical Works, the new edition publishing uniform with the Waverley Novels. 69. KILNOCKIE (Johnny Armstrong's Tower). Sum speikis of lords, sum speikis of lairds, And sick lyke men of hie degree ; Of a gentleman I sing a sang Sum tyme called Laird of Gilnockie. The King he wrytes a luving letter, With his ain hand sae tenderly, And he hath sent it to Johnie Armstrang, -j- -J- To cum and speik with him speedily. The Eliots and Armstrangs did convene ; They were a gallant cumpanie — " We'll ride and meit our lawful king, And bring him safe to Gilnockie. " Make kinnen and capon ready, then, And venison in great plentie ; We'll wellcum here our royal king ; — I hope he'll dine at Gilnockie !" Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border — Johnie Armstrang. 27 No. 70. MORTHAM {Junction of the Greta and Tees).— Yorksh. Wilfrid a safer path pursued, At intervals, where, roughly hewed, Rude steps ascending from the dell Rendered the path accessible. By circuit slow he thus attained The height that Risingham had gained, And when he issued from the wood, Before the gate of Mortham stood. 'Twas a fair scene ! the sunbeam lay On battled tower and portal gray, j- f And from the grassy slope he sees The Greta flow to meet the Tees, Where, issuing from her darksome bed, She caught the morning's eastern red, And through the softening vale below Roll'd her bright waves in rosy glow, All blushing, to her bridal bed, Like some shy maid in convent bred, While linnet, lark, and blackbird gay, Sing forth her nuptial roundelay. Rokeby, canto ii. st. 16. 71. CAERLAVEROC CASTLE, near Dumfries. In came the merry minstrelsy ; Shrill harps wi' tinkling string, And bag-pipes, lilting melody, Made proud Caerlaveroc ring. There gallant knights, and ladies bright, f f Did move to measures fine, Like frolic fairies, jimp and light, Wha dance in pale moonshine. The ladies glided through the ha', Wi' footing swift and sure — Kirkpatrick's dame outdid them a' Whan she stood on the floor. Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border — Murder of Caerlaveroc. 28 No. 72. SMALLHOLM TOWER. Come thou hither, my little foot page ; Come hither to my knee ; Though thou art young, and tender of age, I think thou art true to me. Come, tell me all that thou hast seen, And look thou tell me true ! ■f f Since I from Smaylho'me tower have been, What did thy lady do?" There is a nun in Dryburgh bower Ne'er looks upon the sun ; There is a monk in Melrose tower, He speaketh word to none. That nun who ne'er beholds the day, That monk who speaks to none, That nun was Smaylho'me' s lady gay, That monk the bold baron. Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border — The Eve of St. John. At the farm seen on the right in the Drawing, Sir Walter Scott lived for some time when a few years old. 73. BOWES TOWER.— Yorkshire {North Riding). + + This Drawing was made for the illustration of Sir Walter Scott's poem of Rokeby. 74. CARLISLE. — Cumberland. O have ye na' heard o' the fause Sakelde ? O have ye na' heard o' the keen Lord Scroope ? How they hae' ta'en bauld Kinmont Willie, On Hairibee to hang him up ? | -f They led him thro' the Liddel-rack, And also thro' the Carlisle sands ; They brought him to Carlisle castell, To be at my Lord Scroope's commands, 29 No. And have they e'en ta'en him, Kinmont Willie, Withouten either dread or fear ? And forgotten that the bauld Buccleuch Can back a steed or shake a spear ? 0 were there war between the lands, As well I wot that there is none, 1 would slight Carlisle castell high, Though it were builded of marble stone. I would set the castell in a low, And sloken it with English blood ! There's never a man in Cumberland, Should ken where Carlisle castell stood. Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border — Kinmont Willie. * # * There are twelve other Drawings executed by Mr. Turner, to complete the series, made expressly for the new edition of Sir Walter Scott's Poetical Works. These are in the hands of the various engravers, and the high finish of the Plates requiring so long a time to be employed upon them, it was found impossible to withdraw them without endan- gering the regular publication of the work. 75. LEICESTER ABBEY. — Leicestershire. Leicester is a very ancient town, and in Doomsday Book is styled a city. At the time of the Roman invasion it appears to have been a place of great strength, and before the dismantling of the castle, was a prodigious building, and the court of the great Duke of Lancaster. Henry V. held a parliament in Leicester, and money was coined at the mint established here, from Athelstan to Henry II. Leland writes that Richard III. was buried at this place. The abbey stood about a mile from the town ; there Cardinal Wolsey died, in 1530. During the reign of Charles I. this abbey was burned by a party from Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and has ever since been in ruins. w 30 No. 76. LLANBERRIS LAKE AND SNOWDON.— Caern. This is a truly romantic situation. Near the village of Llanberris is a high perpendicular mountain called Clyder- * * Vawr, of very slippery and dangerous ascent : except Snowdon, it is the highest mountain in Caernarvonshire. On a rocky eminence near the Lake, stands the remains of an old building called Dolbadarn Castle. A little to the south is a tremendous cataract called Cawnan's Mawr. 77. DUDLEY. — Worcestershire. In the neighbourhood of this town are found extensive coal-mines, and quarries of iron and limestone ; and the manufactories of nails, hardware, and glass, are considerable. ** The castle is supposed to have been built about the year 700 ; in the Civil War it was a royal garrison, and in 1644 was besieged by the parliamentary forces : it appears never to have been repaired after the damage it then sustained. To the west of the castle are the remains of a Cluniac priory. 78. ARUNDEL CASTLE . — Sussex . Arundel is the premier earldom in England, belonging to the illustrious family of Norfolk, and is the only title in England that goes along with the lands. The castle com- mands an extensive prospect, and is said to be in itself a ** mile in circumference. The borough is so ancient as to be mentioned in King Alfred's will. Arundel has a harbour capable of receiving ships of 200 tons, and the navigation is continued to the Thames by a canal. The castle was com- pletely repaired by the late Duke of Norfolk, at a vast expense. THE END. ,J„ Moyes, Castle Street, Leicester Square. NOW PUBLISHING, To be comprised in Two Volumes, the first already completed, and the second in course of publication, and to be speedily finished, PICTURESQUE VIEWS IN ENGLAND AND WALES, rffrom Original Urafomgs fig J. M. W. TURNER, R.A. The First Volume, containing Sixty Plates, Royal £. s. d. Quarto size, bound in cloth boards 10 10 0 The same, Imperial Quarto, Proofs 15 15 0 The same, Imperial Quarto, Proofs on India paper * . . 24 0 0 * Of this only three Copies remain unsubscribed for. A very few Copies are worked on Colombier folio, before letters, 401. ; or, with Etchings, 48/. These are extremely fine. No. 16, the first of the Second Volume, is now ready for delivery at the usual prices. Subscribers' Names received at No. 6, Pall Mall ; and Noblemen and Gentlemen who have already taken a portion of the Work, are respectfully requested not to delay completing it, in order to prevent disappointment to themselves in possessing it in an im- perfect state. A NEW SERIES OF ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS BY J. M. W. TURNER, R. A. TO ALL EDITIONS OF THE POETICAL WORKS OF SIR WALTER SCOTT, Bart. CONSISTING OF TWENTY-FOUR VIEWS, TAKEN BY MR. TURNER, IN COMPANY WITH SIR WALTER SCOTT. 3En '©too ^artg, (the first now just ready.) Prints, Medium Octavo, each Part Proofs, Quarto on India, Imperial Quarto on India, before letters, Columbier Quarto (the second part very shortly.) PUBLISHED BY MOON, BOYS, AND GRAVES, 6, PALL MALL, LONDON AND ROBERT CADELL EDINBURGH. £. s. d. 0 12 0 1 0 0 I 4 0 1 15 0 1833. / 4 4 GETTY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 3 3125 01097 6112