Explanation of a View ofCABVL, the capital ofAFP»HAIISTAJf, now Exhibiting at the PAHfOlW* A - LEICESTER SftUAltE 1. Killah Shurah 2. Mountains of Kaffiristan 3. Bagh Aga Fakir ; in front is a Huzara Husbandman 4. Bagh-i-Shah Ziman, or Garden of Shah Ziman 5. Village of Deh-i-Maian ; to the right of which is the Village of Khoja Ruwash 6. Quarter of the City called Deh-i- Affghani, or the Affghan's Village 7. Bagh-i-Timour Shah, orTiraour Shah's Garden 8. Killah, or Castle, of Jaffin Khan 9. Mountains of Taghau Sufi 10. Pahar, or Hill, of Deh-i-yaiya; or Yaiya's Village 11. Bagh, or Garden of Husyn Khan 12. Kuzzilbash Killah Rika 13. Castle of Mahomed Khan, contain- ing the Commissariat 14. Thung-i-Khar Defile of Charon 15. Inpa Maringan 16. Entrance to the Pass of Khurd, or Little Cabul 17. Burj-i-Vuzeer, Pahlawan Khaneh or Court of Wrestlers House of the Vuzeer Futti Khan Chuman-i-Shahi, or King's Meadow 20. Mountain of Khurd, or Little Cabul 21. Parade Ground 22. House of the Nawab Jubar Khan 23. Palace of Timour Shah 24. Tope, or ancient Building, supposed to be the Tomb of Kadphises, an Indo Scythic Monarch Range called ShakJ-i-Baranta Bala Hissar or Higl Fort Tomb of Timour Shah The quarter of Ike Town called Deh-i-Kalmuk, Village of the Kalmuks Native and Armenian burial ground. Pillar, called the Minar-i-Chakhri 31. Burgh or Tower of Ulako 32. Zearut, or shrine of Khoja Sufur, (the Saint of Victory.) 33. Bridge built by the Nawab Jubar Khan . 34. Quarter of the Town called Chun- dawul or Chandoo 35. Cabul River. 36. Hill of Khoja Sufur. 37. Hindoo Temple. 38. Pilgrim starting for Mecca. 39. Pass of Guzahjah. 40. Guzabjah Bridge. 41. Plain of Chehar Deb, or the four Villages. 42. Mountains of Kuruk. 43. Asha, or Assa Mahi Eve, the Mother of the World 44. Hindu Kosh, or Caucasut; to the left are the Mountains of Pugh- man, and the Range known as the Paraparmissus of the Greeks 45. Mountains of Nejhau and Taghau 46. Native of the Khyber Pass 47. Cooking Kabobs ; to the right is a Horse of Dost Mahomed 48. Abdul Razaf Khan, Son of the Nawab Jubar Khan 49. Mortazu Khan, an old Kuzzilbash Servant of the Nawab Jubar Khan Amir Khan, a Lohani of rank A young Lohani Abdul Rahin Khan, Son of the Nawab Jubar Khan S.uliman Khan, a messenger of Cap- tain Wade's Mahomed Ukhbar Khan, favourite son of Dost Mahomed Sepoys. The one in scarlet being a Syud or descendant of the Prophet, wears his cap as he pleases Pir Khan Jemadar, or Captain of Artillery. A defender of Ghuznee. The Nawabs Musicians playing on the saringa, dokra, suntowa, and other instruments. The Rajah of Tak Buno below Attok Abdul Samud, a Persian General Pilgrim from Kokan, on his way to Mecca. 62. Native of Badakshan. 63. Mirza Imaum Verdi. 64. Sir Alexander Burnes ; to his left is Capt. Vickovich, the agent from the Russian Ambassador at Herat. 65. Mirza Abdul Sameh Khan. 66. The Nawab Jubar Khan. 67. Mr. Masson. 68. Dost Mahomed. 69. Abdul Ghuneh Khan, and Abdul Ghafir Khan, sons of the Nawab. 70. Handing tea. 71. The Koh-i-nur (mountain of light) horse, brought to Lahore as a pre- sent to Runjeet Sing, during Sir H. Fane's visit. 72. Mr. Vigne. 73. Superintendant of the Nawabs Harem 74. A Kuzzilbash. 75. Making tea. 76. Chief Wrestler at Cabul. m shan. rdi. irnes ; to Ins left is ), the agent from the sador at Herat. leh Khan. ir Khan. Khan, and Abdul ons of the Nawab. 70. Handing tea. 71. The Koh-i-nur (mountain of light) horse, brought to Lahore as a pre- sent to Runjeet Sing, during Sir H. Fane's visit. 72. Mr. Vigne. 73. Superintendantofthe Nawabs Harem 74. A Kuzzilbash. 75. Making tea. 76. Chief Wrestler at Cabul. DESCRIPTION A VIEW OF THE CITY C A B U L THE CAPITAL OF AFFGHANISTAN, WITH THE SURROUNDING COUNTRY, NOW EXHIBITING AT PAINTED BY THE PROPRIETOR, EOBERT BURFOKD. LONDON- PRINTED BY GEO. NICHOLS, EARL'S COURT, LEICESTER SQUARE. 1842. CABUL. "Drink wine In the citadel of Cabul, and send round the cup without stopping, for It Is at oae* a mountain, a sea, a town, and a desert — The climate is extremely delightful, and there is no such place in the known world. — Its verdure and flowers render Cabul in spring a heaven." Erskine's Tratulation of the Emperor Eater's Work*. The campaign of the British array of the Tndus into Affghanistan, in 1839, to depose the reigning Monarch, the Ameer Dost Mahomed, and restore to his ancient possessions Shah Shooja-ool-Moolk, excited a considerable intereet about a portion of central Asia, which although long, in some degree, con- nected with the British Government, had been but seldom visited, and was consequently but little known. Cabul, the metropolis of the kingdom, has more recently been placed in a prominent position, and invested with a most painful and melancholy interest, by the fatal termination of the campaign, in the treacherous murders of Sir A. Burnes, Sir W. Macnaghten, and a number of gallant officers ; and the subsequent slaughter, during their retreat, of nearly the whole of the British and Native force, which had since that period garrisoned the city. Cabul stands on a plain of considerable extent, at the foot of two mountain ranges, on the right bank of a small but clear and rapid river, to which it gives its name. From the Asha Mahi, the western of the two hills which form its natural defence, the drawing from which the present Panorama was taken by Mr. Vigne ; and from this elevated position the whole city is embraced at one glance, reposing at the foot of the opposite hill. The course of the Cabul river is seen dividing the city into two unequal parts. On its right are the great mass of buildings, the principal bazaars, the Chundawul, and the tomb of Timour Shah ; together with the Bala Hissar, or Fortress of the City, and the Royal Palace, on the rise of the hill, and the tower called the Koolah-i- Feringee (the European Hat) ; aloo the pass between the hills leading to the valley of Chahar Deh, by which the city it approached. On the left bank of the river is a considerable suburb, many detached houses, and towards the east a great extent of plain of the most beautiful description, presenting meadows, orchards, gardens, vineyards, &c. in the highest possible state of cultivation and luxuriance, interspersed with small villages, and the castellated mansions of the Affghan nobles — a grand and varied landscape, the charms of which have been celebrated by many Persian and Hindoo writers; the whole being bounded at various distances by mountains of singular and picturesque forms, including those of Pughman, the Koh Damon, and the stupendous peaks of the Hindoo Kosh, coveied with eternal snows, presents a scene of singular beauty and interest. 1 Cabul is unquestionably an ancient city, but its early history is very un- satisfactory ; the people themselves say that it is at least six thousand years old, and refer to the sons of Noah as its founders. The Mahomedans date their conquest one thousand two hundred and fifty years back, when they took the city, after a year's siege of the Bala Hissar from Urj, or Shah Cabul. The modern city is said to have been built where it now stands, by the Sultan Mahmoud, the ancient having stood a little to the left of the Bala Hissar. Nadir Shah took Cabul by storm in 1739, and carried away much treasure. Ahmed Shah, an Affghan General in the service of Nadir, after that Prince was assassinated, withdrew from the Persian service with his native troops, intercepted a considerable treasure, made himself master of Cabul, and was proclaimed King of the A Afghans, by the title of Doora Dooranee. He reigned twenty-six years, during which time he invaded India four times, and was succeeded by his son Timour Shah in 1773, who, although a weak Prince, retained the reigns of Government twenty years. Under his government the city attained a great degree of prosperity, and he died uni- versally lamented, leaving behind him about three score sons, one of whom, Shah Zimaun, succeeded to the throne. After some years of continual revolt and desultory warfare, Zimaun was besieged in Cabul, and deposed by his brother Mahmood, assisted by Futti Khan, the chief of the Barukzie tribe. Mahmood's reign was short; — after two years of tyranny and luxury, he was in his turn deposed, and a third brother, the present Shah Shooja, raised to the throne in 1803. Mahmood, who was confined in the Bala Hissar, having contrived to escape, fled to Tehran; being joined hy Futti Khan, he again took the field in 1809, and defeated and routed the Army of Shah Shooja, between Peshawur and Cabul. The following year he again defeated the unfortunate Shah at Candahar, who then fled for shelter to the Punjab, and after having been plundered of all his jewels and valuables by Runjeet Singh, threw himself on the protection of the British Government, by whom he was kindly received and pensioned. Shah Mahmood had a most turbulent reign; and his downfall may be mainly attributed to his cruelty towards his Vuzeer Futti Khan, whose in- creasing power he so much feared, that he caused him to be first blinded, and then put to death. The many and powerful relatives of the Vuzeer were instantly in open rebellion, and the whole country for a long period was a scene of contention and warfare; finally, Mahmood was compelled to fly, and Dost Mahomed, the late Ameer, became King ; his brothers being established in Candahar, Jellalabad, and other important positions. In 1832, the British Government entered into negociations with several native potentates for opening the navigation of the Indus, and extending British commerce into central Asia. In furtherance of this object, Captain Burnes was despatched on a mission to Cabul, where he arrived in Septem- ber, 1837; but although well received by Dost Mahomed, the intrigues of the Persians, acting under the influence of Russia, prevailed, and he was unable to effect the object desired. The designs of Persia having been made manifest by the siege of Herat, and the chiefs of Candahar having also espoused their cause, the peace and security of the frontiers of India were thus threatened, and British influence much diminished. It therefore became necessaryfor the Governor-General to take prompt measures for their defence. In this crisis, attention was naturally drawn to the position and claims of the Shah Shooja-ool-Moolk ; and it was determined to espouse his cause, and reinstate him on the Throne of Affghanistan, presuming from the treatment he had received, he would become the firm friend and ally of the British. A very considerable British and Native force marched with the Shah to Cabul, where they arrived without having experienced any opposition (except- ing at Ghuznee, which they took by storm) after a fatiguing march of eight months. Dost Mahomed did not wait their approach, but left the capital without firing a single shot, and the Shah made his public entry in August, 1839. The unsettled state of the country rendered it necessary for a con- siderable portion of the army to remain at Cabul for some time, and they were withdrawn as circumstances permitted, General Sale, with 2,000 men and artillery, having only quitted so recently as October, 1841 ; the force which then remained being between four and five thousand men, who were quartered in the Bala Hissar, and in fortified cantonments some little distance from the city. On the 2nd of November, 1841, an insurrection broke out in the city — the object of which, or by whom organised, was not then apparent; many houses were burnt and plundered, and Sir A. Burnes, his brother, and others of the British, who were in the city, murdered. The following day, the affair assumed a most formidable appearance ; — three chiefs headed the insurgents — the religious standard was hoisted — the cry of Balwa for Islam raised, and numbers of Kohistanees and Affghans joined from the country. Brigadier Shelton with two regiments, and Capt. Nicholls' troop, were in the Bala Hissar, and shelled the town, but without much effect. The numbers of the enemy hourly increasing, on the same day they attacked and carried the Commissariat Fort, between the city and the cantonments, in which most of the stores and provisions of the army were stored. They also attacked another fort, which Capt. Mackenzie gallantly defended for three days, and then drew off his men without much loss. The British made many brilliant sorties, both from the camp and the Bala Hissar, sometimes attended with considerable success, and a vast number of the enemy were destroyed ; but the overpowering masses brought against them, compelled them at last to act on the defensive only, and the troops from the Bala Hissar joined those in the cantonments. The King appears to have taken no prominent part on either side, but to have remained in the Bala Hissar. A new King was proclaimed in the city, but was not generally liked. On the 25th, Mahomed Ukhbar Khan, the chief of the eastern Ghilzees, and favorite 6on of Dost Mahomed, made his appearance, and by his presence encouraged and added fresh vigour to the assaults of the enemy, which were now almost entirely directed against the cantonments, a force of 5,000 Cavalry well mounted and appointed, and Infantry to double that number, having in- vested it. The village of Deh-i-Meran, from which the British obtained some supplies, having been burnt, the greatest distress for want of provisions was felt, particularly amongst the followers of the army, who were compelled to subsist on horse flesh. Matters remained in this state until the 23rd of December, negotiations having been opened with the enemy, and several conferences having been held ; on that day the Envoy, Sir W. Macnaghten, accompanied by Captains Conolly, Lawrence, Trevor, and Mackenzie went to the Durbar of Ukhbar Khan, to discuss the terms of capitulation, when, from some cause at present unknown, a quarrel arose, and Sir W. Macnaghten and Captain Trevor were basely murdered, and the others made prisoners. The total failure of provisions, compelled General Elphinstone at last to agree to the terms proposed, which were finally arranged on the 29th of Decemher. On the 6th of January, 1842, the whole force marched out of the cantonments on the road to Jellalabad, a distance of 100 miles ; the ground was covered with snow — the army weak and dispirited from want of food and incessant fatigue — their clothes worn out, and their ammunition nearly ex- pended; — it cannot, therefore, be a matter of surprise that they fell an easy prey to the monsters who followed them. On the 8th, they were attacked by an immense body of Ghazees, or religious fanatics ; and on the 9th Ukhbar Khan having declared his inability to restrain the people, and taken under his f»rotection the ladies, children, and a few of the officers, the remainder were eft to their fate. At Jugdulluck, in the Khurd Cabul pass, the tragedy was terminated by the horrible slaughter of 4,000 fighting men, of whom about 600 were English, together with all the camp followers, amounting to a total of at least 12,000 souls. This appalling and total destruction of so fine a portion of the army, calls loudly for retribution. It matters little whether it was occasioned by the treachery of the present King, or through the intrigues of Dost Mahomed, or whether it arose from the natural desire of the people to free themselves from the yoke of a foreign enemy. It is necessary, for our character and our safety, that we should avenge! a fearful account has to be settled ! and it is possible that Cabul, the theatre of so unparalleled and gross an outrage, will cease to be, and its ruins form a fitting monument to the memories of the brave that have fallen. Cabul is a compactly built city, winding round the base of a considerable hill from south east to south west, where, by the dip of a second hill, is formed the pass which leads to the plain of Chahar Deh. The city is about a mile in length, and somewhat more than half a mile in breadth, being surrounded by a weak mud wall without a ditch. The interior has no pretensions to elegance, and presents no public buildings whatever that have the least architectural beauty. The streets, like those of all Asiatic towns, are long, winding, narrow, in winter intolerably dirty, and obstructed by gates with high wooden thresholds built across them. The houses of all classes are built of sun- dried bricks and wood, plastered with mud; no stone is used, although there is so much in the neighbourhood ; some have wooden fronts and balconies, but the generality of the better sort are built round the four sides of a court or garden, and present only blank walls, with a small low door of entrance to the street. Internally the walls are painted in devices, and the whole is divided into twenty or thirty small apartments, including the kitchen, baths, zenana, &c; the stables are usually in a separate building. Glazing is almost unknown; cold is excluded, and light admitted, by windows with sliding lattices of wood, neatly carved or coveied with oiled cloth or paper, and some- times surrounded by trellis work; the roofs are flat, and in hot weather the inhabitants occasionally sleep thereon. The Mosques are numerous, but neither externally nor internally present any architectural display, so that they are not to be distinguished from the ordinary dwellings. Scarcely any building rises higher than two stories, being thus better able to resist the shocks of earthquakes, which are of frequent recurrence, sometimes ten or twelve during the year. The bazaars are numerous, large, and well supplied. The Charcutta, or Great Bazaar, consists of four divisions of broad and lofty arcades, constructed with solidity, plastered over and painted in fresco, but in a very dilapidated condition. On both sides of a passage about thirty feet wide, which is perpetually crowded, not. only with human beings, but, by horses, camels, and even elephants, are open shops for the sale of merchandize of every description, which is arranged to the best possible advantage with singular neatness. The most splendid silks of India, the finest shawls of Cashmere, cotton and woollen cloths, furs of every description, including the delicate Persian lamb skins, from which the Kuzzilbash cap is made, porce- lain from China, and various articles of comfort and luxury from Europe, costly jewels, and splendid arms, are all displayed to tempt the purchasers. The vendors of the produce of the orchards and gardens also make an attractive show; almost every description of vegetable to be found in Europe is here to be met with in perfection; the fruits are also abundant and of the fiuest flavour, particularly the grapes and the pomegranates without seed. A second bazaar, leading from the western gate of the Bala Hissar, is almost exclusively devoted to the sale of food and delicacies for the palate. Here the butchers' shops present an appearance of great neatness, the pieces of fat meat being arranged on rows of iron spikes; the poulterers offer for sale ducks, partridges, snipes, and other fowls ; the bakers, loaves, formed after the European fashion, as well as the cakes, in which the inhabitants delight ; and the cooks are seen busy amongst their rows of little pots and pans, from which the most delicious odours exhale. A street running from the Peshawur Gate to the great Bazaar is also a place of considerable trade, principally inhabited by the ironmongers, sword cutlers, who manufacture blades of the finest temper ; bookbinders, who put together the beautifully-written Korans, and the works of the Persian poets, in a very handsome style ; and workers in leather, who make the curious lea- thern bottles used to carry water at the saddle bow in long journies. The population of Cabul is estimated at 60,000; it consists of Affghans, Kuzzilbashes or Persians, Tajiks the Aborigines of the country, and Huzaras or mountaineers ; a few Armenians, and a very few Jews and Hindoos, who are money lenders. Although the city owes its importance more to its posi- tion being centrical for commerce, and having a rapid and regular communi- cation with the adjacent countries, yet, being the seat of the Government, the usual followers of the Court, and the vast numbers of the military, form the larger portion of its inhabitants. In summer the male portiou of the popula- tion seem to live out of doors ; from sunrise to sunset the streets and bazaars are crowded, and present a bustling appearance. The great variety and splendour of th« costume, particularly the military equipments and chain mail of the Cavalry troops, the great quantity of clothes generally worn, together with the large sheep skin cloaks, the number of horses and camels, and "the total absence of wheeled carriages, altogether so very distinct from anything European, has a very striking and pleasing effect. Females are sometimes seen in the streets, but when they are, they are so enveloped in the long white veil, called the Boorku, that neither form nor feature is distinguishable. The language is Pooshtoo, but Persian is generally spokeu. The immediate vicinity of the city has much beauty, but owes its improve- ment to the hand of man; the hills around are of gneiss, and bare and rocky, and the plain by Nature is almost equally barren — but human industry has created a soil, the fertility of which is rarely exceeded; and the gardens of Cabul are proverbial. From the position of the city, 6,500 feet above the level of the sea, the climate is also very favourable, never being over hot in summer, nor intensely cold in winter. Cabul is 1,815 miles from Calcutta, 2,124 from Madras, 310 fromCandahar, 90 from Ghuzni, 110 from Jellalabad, 210 from Peshawur, and 560 from the nearest British station at Ferozpore, on the Sutledge River. EXPLANATION OF THE ENGRAVIN G No. 1 ,— Killah Shurah. The Salt-Lake, whose waters are strongly impregnated with salt-petre, is very shallow. Tn summer it is nearly dried up, when its bed is called the Chiirnon-i-Virzirabad, or the meadow or plain of Virzirabad, from a village near it. No. 2.— Mountains of Kafiristan, In the country of the Siah Posh Kafirs (the infidels clad in black skins); apart but very little known, as it has never yet been penetrated by any European traveller. They are supposed by some to be the descendants of the Greek soldiers of Alexander. They are extremely fair, and the women, on account of their beauty, are much prized as slaves. They expose their dead on the summits of the mountains, and drink wine. The rivers Koes and Euspha of the Greeks, with many other streams, flow from these mountains to join the incipient Kophenes, which runs at their feet towards Jellalabad and Attock. No. 3.— Bagh Aga Fakir. The Aga Fakir's Garden. There are a vast number of those gardens in the environs of the city. They are surrounded by mud walls, and the numerous fruit-trees are planted without order, and are all standards. The walks are of raised earth, bordered by parterres, filled with gaudy flowers, particularly marigolds and the shab-bu, a night-scented stock. The inhabitants form pic- nic parties, and pass much of their time in these gardens, sitting in the shade, talking, smoking, drinking tea and kaliun, and listening to the tales of professed story tellers, or the songs of the native musicians, accompanied on the saringi, or native guitar. In the foreground is a Huzara Husbandman. Huzarajat is a highland country, the Parapamisus, on the mountains extending from Cabul, between the Hindu Kosh and Herat. The Huzaras are said to number 70,000 families, and report themselves to have been coeval with the Jews ; their property consists in their flocks, from which they make coarse cloth, cheese, and ghee. They are much oppressed by neighbouring nations, and frequently sell their children as slaves. All the drudgery of Cabul is done by them : and in winter there are at least 10,000 in the city clearing the snow from the house tops. No. 4.— Bagh, or Garden of Shah Ziman. Shah Ziman was Governor of Cabul when his father Timour Shah died. He imprisoned his threescore brothers in the Bala Hissar, with the exception of Mahmood, who was at Herat, and Shah Shooja, who was then very young. Mahmood afterwards quarrelled with Ziman, and put out his eyes. Subse- quently he lived at Lodiana, with Shah Shooja, a pensioner of the East India Company's, until the commencement of the present expedition. No. 5.— Deh-i-Maran, A village commonly so called, but whose proper name is Bibi Mahreski (Moonfaced or Beautiful Lady), also called Bibi Maru ; being near the can- tonments, it suffered very severly, being frequently in the possession of both Earties, sometimes shelled by the British, at others attacked, and finally urned by the enemy. To the right is the village of Khoja Ruwash, so called from the very fine ruwash, or rhubarb, grown in its neighbourhood, a plant much esteemed and cooked in a great variety of ways by the inhabitants of Cabul. No. 6.— Deh-i-Affghani, A suburb, called the Affghan's Village, where vegetables of the finest kinds are reared in large quantities. The ground in this neighbourhood is the richest in the whole plain ; a jureeb, about half an English acre, produces a rent of ten tomauns, or two hundred rupees, and yields at least forty rupees to the Government in duties. No. 7.— Bagh-i-Timour Shah, Or, the King's Garden, is a pleasant place, and a convenient distance from the city. It is about half a mile square, with an octagon summer house, or pavilion, of wood in the centre, where Dost Mahomed was accustomed in the hot weather to hold his Durbars. The Ameer was passionately fond of horses, and here his stud, to the number of perhaps three hundred, were picketed. In the fine weather he used to ride here every day, attended by his suite, and spent some hours sitting on a raised carpeted platform, shaded by aspen and mulberry trees, admiring and caressing his favourite animals. No. 9.— Taghau Sufi, A range of mountains of great height, covered with perpetual snows. This is the- Ararat of Affghanistan, for the natives say that on this rock the Ark of Noah rested after the deluge. A numerous tribe, called Sufis, inhabit the neighbourhood. Its height is estimated at 17,000 feet. No. 12.— Kuzzilbash Killa Rika, The Castle of the Rika, or Chief of the Persian Kuzzilbash's. Over it is seen the village of Shina. No. 13.— Killah Mahomed Shah. The Castle of Mahomed Shah was used as the Commissariat dep6t; it was attacked on the 3rd of November, and was gallantly defended by Captain Sturt ; on the 4th it was taken, and afterwards burned: a vast quantity of stores of all kinds fell into the hands of the enemy, as, from its distance both from the citadel and the cantonments, it could not be relieved. No. 16.— Entrance to the Pass of Khurd (or Little) Cabu-1. The pass turns to the right, and lies between the two ridges at the end of the plain. Here it was that the frightful slaughter of the army commenced. Near the entrance is the Castle of Butkhak, belonging to the Nawab Jubar Khan, the brother of Dost Mahomed, to which it is said the hostages and prisoners were first conveyed. No. 17.— Burj-i-Vuzeer Khan. The tower or the garden of the Vuzeer Futti Khan ; known also as tho Koollah-i-Feringee, or European Hat, from its form somewhat resembling a hat. The house has more recently been occupied by a Mr. Campbell, formerly in the service of the East India Company, who served with great bravery with Shah Shooja at Candahar, in 1834. He was wounded and taken prisoner, and subsequently attached himself to Dost Mahomed, by whom ht was sent across the Hindu Kosh, on the arrival of the British in Affganistan . Near it is the Pahlawan Khaneh, the Court of the Pahlawans or Wrestlers; a favourite amusement of the inhabitants of Cabul, who meet once a week for trials of strength and skill. No. 18.— Khaneh-i- Vuzeer. The house of the celebrated Vuzeer Futti Khan, the minister and friend of Shah Mahmood, by whom he was blinded and put to death. No. 19. -Chuman-i-Shaki. The King's Meadow, a plain with some inequalities, which stands between the Bala Hissar and the entrance to the Khurd Cabul Pass, through which lies the direct road to Hindostan. The Logur river enters a few miles on the other side of the city, and, traversing its whole length, joins the river of Cabul before it escapes through the gap of the Thung-i-Kharun, or Charon's Defile ; there is a considerable cataract, which prevents the navigation of the- river to Jellalabad. It is twelve or fourteen miles from the Bala Hissar to the entrance of the Khurd Cabul Pass. No. 21.— Parade Ground, Attached to the Balla Hissar. On the left of the road which crosses it is a small mound, where persons who blaspheme the name of the Prophet are stoned to death. A short time since a Jew was stoned for blaspheming the name of Christ. No. 22.— House of the Nawab Jubar Khan. Jubar Khan has been the kind host of almost every European that has been properly introduced to him, when visiting Cabul. Sir A. Burne.*, Dr. Gerard, Dr. Wolff, Mr. Masson, Mr. Vigne, and many others, have experienced his hospitality, and all speak in the highest terms of his friendly and kind dis- position. In the centre of the building is a large court, or pateo, one side of which is visible. He is said to have taken Mrs. Anderson's missing child under his charge. No. 23.— Palace of Timour Shah. The Palace of Timour Shah, or the royal residence of the Kings, is large, and contains many lofty apartments, not altogether devoid of comfort, some few being large and magnificent, but the major part very small and meanly furnished. The whole is in a very dilapidated condition, indeed, so much so, that the Shah Shooja narrowly escaped being crushed to death shortly after his arrival, by the fall of the roof of the audience chamber. The three windows seen, are those lighting a room in which Dost Mahomed usually held his Durbars. The red-topped building is a kind of summer house, used in very hot weather. On the right is seen the buttressed wall of the Bagh-i Ameer, or Shah, the royal garden, which is laid out in good taste with walks and ter- races, and is watered by a clear stream. At its opposite extremity are two airy pavilions, which were occupied by Sir A. Burnes during his last visit to Dost Mahomed, and in which the British Envoy, Sir W. Macnaghten resided from his arrival with Shah Shooja until he retired to the cantonments. No. 24.— A Tope, An ancient building, supposed to have been the tomb of Kadphises, an Indo Scythic monarch, of a dynasty that followed the successors of Alexander the Great. These Topes are very common in Afghanistan. Coins, bones, cups, and ornaments of various kinds, many specimens of which are in the Museum of the East India House, are found in them. The religion of those who con- structed them was most likely Buddhist, and the coins found arose probably from the custom of placing money under the tongue of the corpse, to pay the fare of Charon over the Styx. Many of these topes have been opened by Mr. Masson, whose unremitting labours as a Numismatologist, during his residence as correspondent of the East India Company at Cabul, have been deservedly crowned with the greatest success. No. 25.— Shakh-i-Baranta, A range of mountains, so called from a remarkable peak, not visible in the Panorama, which overhangs the Logur river, and is shaped like a shakh, or horn. No. 26.— Bala Hissar (the High Fort.) The Bala Hissar is supposed to have been built by the Mogul Emperors. Aurunzebe formed vast vaults beneath some portion (to contain his treasures) which still remain. The fortress is an irregular pentagon, about a mile and a quarter in circumference, containing the royal palace, gardens, and a small town. The walls are thirty-five feet in height, and the towers and curtains are well disposed, part being built of solid masonry, and part of sun-dried bricks. On the whole, it is a very respectable Asiatic fortress, and although it needs much repair and alteration to be deemed of great strength, yet it is capable of a long defence. A broad dry moat, defended by a fausse braye, which might be easily filled, runs round the place. It is capable of accommodating five thousand troops. The citadel, which is one hundred and fifty feet above the plain, commands all the buildings and level ground below. It was the prison of the sixty sons of Timour Shah. The citadel was occupied by the British, and was the hospital of the 13th Light Infantry. At the outbreak on the 2nd of November, Brigadier Shelton, with two Native regiments and one company of Her Majesty's 44th, were in the fortress ; on the 3rd they were joined by the 37th Bengal Native Infantry, who fought their way in, having many killed and wounded. An old battlemented wall of sun-dried bricks and stones is carried up the face of the hill behind the Bala Hissar, then descends into the valley, crosses the river, ascends the opposite hill, and terminates on the road to Nanuchee, a distance of nearly four miles. It was built as a defence against the Ghilzees, but would require a most powerful army to maintain. No. £7=— Tomb of Timour Shah, A lofty octagonal edifice of brick and stone, surmounted by a dome, forming the most conspicuous object in the city. Timour Shah is described as a weak and irresolute prince, but was much beloved by his subjects. He was father to Shah Shooja, who is of the tribe of the Sudozyees. Ahib Ullah Khan, from whom Dost Mahomed, who is a Barukzie, took the city, used to amuse him- self by paying a man to place himself on the dome of this building, and firing at him with a cannon; which accounts for its damaged state ; it was, however, never completely finished. No. 28.— Deh-i-Kalmuk. The Village of the Kalmucks, so called from some Kalmuck Tartars having settled there in ancient times ; it is also known by the name of Anderabee, signifying on the water or river. No. 29.— Native and Armenian Burying Ground. The Armenians were never very numerous in Cabul, as their church will not hold an hundred persons, and they are now nearly extinct ; the few that remain follow the occupation of distillers of ardent spirits, which are forbid- den to be used. The Affghan cemeteries and monumental slabs are very similar to the British, and the Cabul sculptors engrave them well in the Per- sian character. In this ground repose the remains of Brigadier Arnold, who fell a victim to disease in August 1839; also of Lieutenant-Colonel Herring, of the 37th Native Infantry, who was murdered by some robbers at Hyder Kheil, in September. There is also in the ground a tombstone which has occasioned much speculation ; it bears an inscription, cut in English letters, of Thomas Hicks, the son of William and Elizabeth Hicks, with the date 1666. No account whatever of this person is to be found, but it may doubtless be inferred that he was a British subject, who had penetrated to Cabul before Forster, Wolff, or Burnes, and that he was not alone, the inscription being evidently the dictation of an illiterate comrade to a native artist. No. 30.— Minar-i-Chakhri. The Minaret of Chakri, an ornamented pillar of the same age as the topes, and probably built as a watch tower. It takes its name from a village on the other side of the mountain. 10 No. 33.— Jubar Khan's Bridge, Crossing the Cabul river ; much the handsomest of the five bridges of the city. It was built by the Nawab Jubar Khan. The Cabul river takes its rise near Ahin Engeran, the castle of the Nawab Jubar Khan, about thirty miles westward from the city. After wind- ing round the mountains that bound the Chahar Deh to the north west, it descends to the plain, and reaches Cabul by the pass of Guzah Jah. After leaving the city it traverses the northern part of the plain, on the road to Peshawur, and, at a gap in the mountains, about fifteen miles from the city, is joined by the the Logur, or Medan stream. The river is rapid and clear, but not in any part more than thirty or forty yards in breadth, excepting in the winter and spring, when the rains or melting snow cause it to swell to an ex- tent that frequently endangers the lower parts of the city. The river is navi- gated by rafts, and the natives pass it on inflated skins. The water near the city is not good to drink ; all who can afford it send to a stream of fine water that flows from the mountains of Pughinan. The Bala Hissar is watered by a cut from the Logur river, which passes along the south side of the Guzah Jah pass. No. 34.— Chundawul, A quarter of the town so called from chund, the moon. It is perfectly dis- tinct from the other parts of the city, and is solely inhabited by the Kuzzil- bashes, who have been settled there since the days of Ahmed Shah, who, on the death of Nadir Shah, seized a treasure about three hundred of them were escorting to Persia, and invited them to settle in Cabul; where their situation somewhat resembles that of the Copts in Egypt, or the Janissaries in Turkey, and they possess the power of giving a tone to the feeling of the whole war- like forces of the territory. They never intermarry into Affghan families, and their leaders are by far the most wealthy, intelligent, and influential men in Cabul. They number about ten thousand of them in the city, good soldiers, ever ready to draw their swords as mercenaries. Had they remained faithful to Dost Mahomed, the British would have found great difficulty in conquering the city, and had they not turned against them, the British loss would not have been so calamitous. No. 36.— Khoja Sufur, A hill of Gneiss, which rises a thousand feet above the city, which is crossed by a road at the back of the Balla Hissar. The wall on the hill was built by Sirdar Jehan Khan, who was left Governor of Cabul when Ahmed Khan Abdali invaded the Punjab. During his master's absence it is said tbat he intrigued with one of his wives, and built the wall to pacify him. The Tower is called the Tukt, or Seat of Jehan Hissar (the delight of the soul) Khan, and was so named by Shah Ziman, in honour of a friend. No. 38.— A Pilgrim going to Mecca. The pilgrim is habited in red, and is attended by his friends, who accom- pany him a certain distance on the road. No. 39.— Pass of Guzah Jah, The Place of the Ford. The pass is not more than one hundred and fifty Iards in width ; through it lies the road to Bamian, Ghuznee, and Candahar. t is well defended by battlements on either side, hut the defile may be readily turned from the road to Nanuchee, or that from Bootkhak, on the route from Kyber to Peshawur; the northern side of the city being quite open and defenceless, with heights that command all but the upper fort. No. 40.— Bridge of Guzah Jah, Called also the Bridge or Pul-i-Sirdar Jehan Khan. 11 No. 41.— Plain of Chehar Deh, Or the Four Villages ; one of the most beautiful and fertile spots in tha neighbourhood of the city. It is irrigated by the Cabul river, and is highly cultivated. A canal water course is carried along the foot of the Khoja Sufur from the Logur river to water the lower part of the town below the Bala Hissar. Immediately behind the hill, in a most lovely situation, stands the tomb of the Emperor Baber, where he directed he should be buried as the most beautiful epot in his dominions. Near it stands an elegant white marble mosque, built by Shah Jehan in 1640. No. 42.— Mountains of Kuruk. The markhur and kock, or wild sheep, are found in these mountains, and are hunted by the rulers of Cabul. - No. 43.— Asha Mahi, The hill called Mother Eve, on which the spectator stands. A part of Sir John Keane's army were encamped here, on their first arrival at Cabul, a little to the northward of this spot. No. 44.— Elevated Peaks of the Hindu Kosh, or Caucasus. The stupendous chain of the Himalaya, called by the ancients the Indian Caucasus, extends from Cabul, along the north of Hindostan, and is the general boundary of Thibet, all the way to China. The peaks seen are some of the most westerly, and are from eighteen to twenty thousand feet in height. The mountains run in irregular ridges, undivided by any valley of conse- quence, and are from seventy to eighty miles in width. The actual pass in this part is fifteen thousand feet high, fifteen miles of the ascent to which is steep and difficult. The summits are granite, and the snow lies perpetually to a considerable depth. No. 45.— Mountains of Nejrau and Taghan. At the foot of these mountains lies the beautiful Koh-Damon (Kirts of the Mountains), and the Kohistan, or Mountain Country (so called, although the term is applied to the plain,) in which is situated Istalif, Charikar, the Reg Ruwan, or Hill of Running Sand, and the Plain of Beghram, supposed to be the Alexandria-ad-Kaucasum, the city built by Alexander before he proceeded to Bactria by the passes below the Hindu Kosh ; by which also Dr. Lord and Lieutenant Wood proceeded to the Koondooz, the latter having subsequently reached Budukshan (supposed to be the country of Roxana) and the source of the Oxus. It is probable that many of the Kohistanis (mountaineers) who attacked the British in Cabul came from these mountains. No. 46.— Native of the Kyber Pass. The Kyberis are a race of notorious ihieves. Travellers are obliged to purchase protection from their Khan, as they consider they have a right to rob all persona passing through their country. They are a very numerous tribe ; their leaders, who are their Mullahs, alone amounting to 3,000 j they are tall for mountaineers, and have a singularly Jewish expression of feature No. 49.— Mortazu Khan. A Sewar, or horseman, in the service of the Nawab, Jubar Khan, and the head of a Kuzzilbash family that had the care of the Nawab's camels at ,Khargh, in the Huzara mountains. No. 50,— Amir Khan. A Lohani of rank. The Lohanis are men of business and travelling merchants, and are amongst the most upright and respectable of Mahomedans. They are a pastoral and migratory people, who proceed in large bodies annually to all parts of India, to purchase merchandize; they then join their families (who winter on the banks of the Indus) at Derabund, and pass into Khorassan, where they remain the summer. No 53.— Suliman Khan, A well known character, frequently employed as a messenger by Captain Wade. No. 55.— Hindoo Sepoys, Deserters from the Company's army. The one in the centre is Pir Khan, a Captain of Artillery, in the service of Shah Shoja, who with other natives were the only men, under the command of Mr. Campbell, who stood their ground against Dost Mahomed's Cavalry, in the action that terminated Shah Shoja's unsuccessful expedition from Lodiana, in 1832. The one in red being a synd or descendant of the Prophet, has a right to wear his cap as he pleases. No. 58.— The Nawab's Musicians. The native musical instruments of Cabul are violins, guitars, drums, and small cymbals. Horns and other European instruments are occasionally used, and add awfully to the discord. No. 59.— Rajah of Tak. AUuhdad Khan, who was driven from his country on the right bank of the Indus below Attok, by the Sikhs, being a Mahomedan, he sought refuge at Cabul, where he was well received. No s ~0.— Abdul Sammit. A Persian, who once served in India, in Colonel Skinner's horse ; he then rose to be a general in Dost Mahomed's service, and was afterwards expelled to Bokhara. No. 62.— Badakshan Native, A country north of the Hindoo Kosh, celebrated for its lapis lazuli and ruby mines. Caravans pass it to Cabul and China, No, 63.— Mirza Imaun Verdi. A very good natured person ; much laughed at, on account of his being sin- gularly ugly ; he was Mohamed Ackbar Khan's Moonshee or Secretary, a great friend of the Ameer, whom he frequently assisted with money, and was much about the Court. No. 66.— Jubar Khan. The eldest brother of Dost Mahomed ; he is about sixty years of age, of a cor- pulent person, dark aquiline features and Jewish look ; he was once Governor of Cabul, and became, by his great popularity, an object of suspicion to Futti Khan ; he was obliged to fly to Cashmere, where he remained until the Vuzeer's death ; he subsequently became Governor of the Ghilzees, but latterly lived on a pension from his brother. He is much respected, and his attachment to the British is notorious ; he has long wished them to take Cabul under their protection. Some few of the officers, and the ladies and children of the late unfortunate army, are said to be under the protection of Jubar Khan, by whom there is not the least doubt they will be well treated. No. 71.— The Koh-i-Neu, The Mountain of Light. A very favourite horse. When Pir Mahomed Khan, brother to Dost Mahomed, deserted from Cabul in 1836 to the service of Runjeet Singh, he took this horse with him, to insure a favourable reception, as it had long been desired by that prince. It is a neat-looking animal, of a fine grey colour, three parts bred. The legs and tail are died with senna; and on his back is the son of Pir Mohamed Khan. IN THE SMALL CIRCLE IS A VIEW OF JERUSALEM, IN THE LARGE CIRCLE THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO, ADMISSON TO EACH VIEW, ONE SHILLING. Geo. Nichols, Printer, Earl's Court, Soho.