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Laisson, phot. THE ROYAL PALACE AT STOCKHOLM. 
 
GUIDES OF THE SWEDISH TOURISTS' CLUB 
 
 No. 14 
 
 STOCKHOLM 
 
 Stockholm 
 WaHLSTROM & WiDSTRAND 
 SWEDEN 
 
 COMMISSIONERS: 
 
 Leipzig 
 
 K. F. KOEHLER 
 
 GERMANY 
 
STOCKHOLM 
 
 CENTRAL-TRYCKERIET 
 18 9 6 
 
 T" 
 
Gosta Florman, phot. 
 
 OSCAR II. 
 
 STOCKHOLM AND THE STOCKHOLMIANS. 
 
 A "globe-trotter's" impressions. 
 
 The geographical position of the Capital of Sweden is 
 so well known, that it is not necessary to mention it here. 
 Let it suffice to say, that at the confluence of the fresh 
 waters of Lake Malar, with the salt waters of the Baltic, the 
 beautiful city of Stockholm sits enthroned on her everlasting 
 rocks, her feet washed by the pure and limpid waters of 
 lake and ocean. The age of the Capital is not so very 
 great, but enough to be quite respectable. Birger Jarl, who 
 was the ruler of Sweden in the middle of the thirteenth 
 century, and a statesman in his day equal to Bismarck 
 in our time, perceived what a splendid location the present 
 site of Stockholm was for a fortified gateway to the rich 
 valley of Lake Malar; and he is reported to have said that, 
 "since the Lord had made a gate at this spot, he would 
 put a lock on it," and then proceeded to build and fortify 
 the town; hence he is considered the founder of Stockholm 
 and honoured accordingly. 
 
 For its beauty of scenery and its unique situation, 
 Stockholm is unsurpassed by any city in Europe, or else- 
 where, for that matter. We read in Holy Writ that the man 
 who built his house on a rock was a wise man, in contra- 
 distinction to the fellow who built his house on the sands, 
 and if we take this as a criterion, then those who built Stock- 
 
Fr G. Klemming, phot. 
 
 KORNHAMNSTORG IN THE "OLD CITY. 
 
holm must have all been wise men; for their city is literally 
 founded on the rocks. The old city, "the city between the 
 bridges" as it is aptly called by the Stockholmians, is built 
 on a large island lying in the middle of the short rapids 
 which form the outlet of Lake Malar. North of the rapids 
 and connected with the "Old City" by the Norrbro (North 
 Bridge), is the north part of the city, called " Norrmalm" 
 It is the largest and handsomest part of the city. The 
 principal hotels, theatres, museums, scientific and art associa- 
 tions are located here. South of the "Old City" the rocks 
 rise abruptly from the water's edge and form a steep, and 
 in some places perpendicular wall. On the top of this cliff, 
 the south part of the city, "Suderma/?)!," is built. Two or 
 three streets, one of which is cut through the solid rock, 
 slope gradually up from the water to the top of the clift'. 
 There are also two large lifts, the St. Catherine and the 
 St. Mary, carrying passengers from the strand up the face 
 of the rocky wall to the level of the streets above. The 
 view from the top of these lifts over the harbour and the 
 central and northern parts of the city, is novel and very 
 beautiful. 
 
 But if the rocks form a solid foundation for the city, 
 and furnish it with many unique aspects, the beautiful waters 
 add a still greater charm. The large inland lake. Malar, 
 stretches away to the westward for nearly eighty miles, 
 its innumerable bays and inlets winding in all directions 
 north and south. All the water drained from the vast water- 
 sheds surrounding Lake Malar, escapes into the Baltic by the 
 short, turbulent rapids spanned by the North Bridge;* (see 
 p. 2i) and this clear, swift stream, running through the very 
 heart of the city, keeps it ever clean and healthful; whatever 
 is drained into tlie stream from surface or sewer, being in- 
 
 * The southern arm of the outlet to Lake Malar is filled up, 
 only a large enough opening being left for the locks by which vessels 
 are conveyed up and down between Lake Malar and the Baltic. 
 
 7 
 
 el Lindahl, phot. 
 
 V 
 
 STREET-TUNNEL'^ON THE NORTH SIDE (NORRMALM). 
 
stantl}' carried away. The wide expanse of water surrounding tlie city and sej^arating it so picturesquely into islands, 
 forming small bays, inlets, and coves on all sides, and bearing on its bosom all manner of craft, from the large trade stea- 
 mers to the small ferries, steam launches and pleasure-boats, forms a central part of the living picture of the city which in 
 
 unique beauty has scarcely a counterpart 
 in the world. 
 
 Next to the rocks and the water, 
 the parks, woods, and spots of verdure 
 appearing on every side are the most 
 prominent feature of the city. Wher- 
 ever a vacant space has made room for 
 a park, a flowerbed, or a tree, the Stock- 
 liolmian love of nature has made such 
 places blossom like a rose. The numer- 
 ous islands surrounding the city, are 
 decked with verdure, benevolent nature 
 doing her best to cover the hard grey 
 rocks with her softening mantle of green, 
 and rearing on their slopes stately elms, 
 birches, lindens, and large knotted oaks 
 several hundred years old. 
 
 Paul B. Du Chaillu, anent Stock- 
 holm, says: "A delightful impression is 
 made upon the stranger, who, on a bright 
 June day, enters the picturesque and 
 charming city of Stockholm. Built partly 
 upon eight islands, connected by bridges, 
 in the short river which forms the outlet 
 of Lake Miilar, it possesses romantic fea- 
 tures unlike those of any other capital. 
 The massive palace, the open squares, 
 the museums, gardens, libraries, scientific 
 
 institutions, schools, churches, statues, and bridges; its splendid quays, which form the finest feature of the city, and at which 
 vessels are continually loading and unloading ; the numerous miniature steamboats, which fill the office of omnibuses, carrying 
 passengers to and fro, either from one island to another or to the main-land; and the abundant evidences of good govern- 
 ment and prosperity, all combine to make it one of the most attractive of European cities." 
 
 L. Larsson, phot. 
 
 STUREGATAN AND THE PARK HUMLEGARDEN. 
 
 8 
 
Nowhere will a stranger find a more polite and honest people, as a whole. The present scribe has shaken hands 
 with people of several nationalities, but it is his belief, that for general good nature, honesty, and unselfishness, the Stock- 
 holmians easily carry off the palm. 
 
 In Stockholm, you may address any 
 person you chance to meet, and ask the way 
 to any street or public building you may be 
 in search of, — the Swede will not only stop 
 and answer you politely, but will frequently 
 walk around the corner or down the street for 
 some distance so as to be sure you don't go 
 amiss, and when you thank him for his kind- 
 ness, he will take oflf his hat, smile, and bow as 
 gracefully, and look as pleased as if you had 
 done him a service instead of troubling him. 
 Once when I first came to Stockholm, I ven- 
 tured to ask an elegantly clad gentleman ap- 
 parently between forty and fifty, if he would 
 kindly tell me the way to a certain address 
 that I was in search of; he gave me very 
 good directions in first-rate English, and I 
 thanked him and proceeded on my way, but 
 after going up the street a few rods, I turned 
 off into a side-street which, it seems, was not 
 the right one, for I had not gone many steps 
 around the corner, before the gentleman came 
 hurrying after me, all out of breath, and told 
 me I had gone wrong. Then this most ac- 
 commodating person actually took a ten minutes' 
 walk out of his way to be sure I c;ime to my 
 destination properly. I think there are not Roesier, pi,ot. view of the :south side (sodermalm). 
 
 many places in the world where a stranger 
 is shown such kind attention as this. 
 
 The late Mayor Harrison, of Chicago, said to me after his return from his last trip around the world: "I tell you, 
 my boy, that the best people I have met in my "globe-trottings" are the Swedes, and particularly the Stockholmians; you 
 discover at once by their appearance and behaviour that they are well educated; their buildings, liomes, and surroundings 
 
 9 
 
show refinement and good taste; they are as poHte and oblig- 
 ing to strangers as we are to our friends, and I believe they 
 are absolutely honest. I could not talk with them, but I 
 kept my pockets full of silver, and when I bought anything 
 or paid for my entertainment, I took out a handful of 
 silver and asked them to take what they wanted, and I am 
 sure I was never cheated out of a penny, on the contrary they 
 frequently took so little that I was surprised at the cheap- 
 ness of things." Mayor Harrison was known as a keen ob- 
 server of men and manners, and his testimony about the 
 Swedes stands high. 
 
 The public works of the city are built and cared for 
 in a manner that is worthy of emulation by richer and larger 
 cities than Stockholm. The great and substantial stone quays, 
 the iron and stone bridges, and well paved streets, testify 
 to the thoroughness and character of a municipality which 
 may justly be proud of the splendid exhibit it makes of well 
 constructed and well kept public works. 
 
 The streets are kept exceedingly clean, and everybody 
 must sweep before his door. There are street-cleaning com- 
 panies that do the work, but the property-owner makes a 
 contract with the company, paying a stipulated amount for 
 keeping his part of the street, as well as his yard, clean, but 
 if he prefers to do it himself, he is not obliged to employ 
 the company. The street and yard must, however, be swept 
 every morning, and the sweepings removed before 8 o'clock 
 in the summer and lo o'clock in winter. The police-force 
 see that it is done both properly and in time. 
 
 Stockholm has an excellent police-force, — handsomely 
 uniformed, stalwart fellows armed with sabers; (see p. 71) but 
 what on earth they are there for would puzzle a stranger 
 to find out; for a more orderly community than Stockholm, 
 with less crime and less occupation for the guardians of 
 peace, I don't imagine any "globe-trotter" has yet discovered. 
 
 10 
 
There is also a well organized and excellently drilled fire-brigade, with general headquarters near St. John's Church 
 and with district stations at different places throughout the city, equipped with modern fire-extinguishing and life-saving 
 apparatuses, but the houses being mostly built entirely of brick, stone, and iron, the fire-brigade is seldom needed. 
 
 The newest part of the city, 
 gives evidence that architecture has 
 been studied to some purpose by the 
 present generation of builders. On 
 Strandvagen, the new and handsome 
 street that leads from the city to Djur- 
 g&rden there are a number of large and 
 imposing residences of perfect propor- 
 tions and great beauty. One is prone 
 to ask how the people can afford to 
 erect such splendid structures, that 
 would do honour to a metropolis like 
 London or Paris; but this is easily ex- 
 plained by the fact that even very weal- 
 thy people rent appartments in prefe- 
 rence to villas. 
 
 On Birger Jarl's Gata, Sture- 
 gatan (see p. 8), Karlavagen, Valhalla- 
 vagen, Narva vilgen, and several other 
 streets in the north-east part of the city, 
 are many large and handsome dwell- 
 ings. The streets are wide, well paved, 
 and several are boulevarded, with a 
 handsome strip of park in the centre, 
 such as Karlavagen (see p. 71), Val- 
 hallavagen, Narvavagen, etc. The 
 "craggy, rocky places" within the pre- 
 cincts of Ostermalm, will soon be only 
 
 a memory, and the modern, elegant city, with its wide avenues, and smooth streets, will become a present, living fact. 
 
 That Stockholm is a Capital and the Seat of Government is evident to any observant traveller. In this respect, 
 Stockholm resembles Washington. State offices are met with everywhere. The whole of Riddarholmen, with few exceptions, 
 is occupied by State buildings, and the entire island, Skeppsholmen, is appropriated to the use of the navy. 
 
 L. Larsson, phot. 
 
 THE SOUTH SIDE (SODERWIALM) SHOWING THE ST. MARY LIFT. 
 
 I I 
 
Axel Lindahl, phot. RIDDARHOLM'S CHURCH. 
 
 In the north-eastern part of the city are several large 
 and handsome baiTack buildings occupied by the Guard Regi- 
 ments, and adjoining them, just outside the city limits, is a 
 large undulating plain where the different regiments are drilled 
 and exercised in the art of war. 
 
 In Stockholm the officers of the army and navy are to 
 be met with at every turn, sometimes in civil dress, but generally 
 in uniform, and wearing their sabers. Describing the annual 
 Palace Ball on the King's birthday, some one said that there 
 were fifteen hundred people present and that five hundred of 
 them were lieutenants. This last statement may be an exag- 
 geration, and probably is, but there are plenty of them, at all 
 events, — handsome, well-educated young fellows. Any country 
 may be proud of a corps of officers so well equipped for their 
 work as these are. 
 
 BUILDINGS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST. 
 
 The Royal Palace. — Among the public buildings 
 of Stockliolm, the Rojuil Palace stands out prominently before 
 all the rest. It is splendidly located on a commanding eminence, 
 opposite the Gustavus Adolphus Square. Its architecture is mas- 
 sive, dignified, and noble, and its interior magnificently ap- 
 pointed. The old palace, with a tower called "Three Crowns,"* 
 which stood on the same spot, was burnt in 1697, and the 
 present palace, built by the great Swedish architect, Nicodemus 
 Tessin, during the eighteenth century, was first occupied by 
 the Royal Family in 1755, and it has ever since been their 
 I'.oine, and the official residence of the King. 
 
 * A fine imitation of this old castle was improvised at the Gus- 
 tavus Adolphus .Square in Stockholm on Dec. g'h 1894, the 300th anni- 
 versary of the birth of Gustavus Adolphus. Photographs of this unique and 
 elaborate reproduction are still to be had in all bookshops in Stockholm. 
 
 12 
 
King, Oscar II., the Queen, and the Crown-Prince, each occupy large suites in the great building. The King holds 
 a public reception every Tuesday forenoon, to which any of his subjects are perfectly welcome and are received with kind- 
 ness and courtesy. His Majesty, King Oscar II., being known not only as the first gentleman of his own realm, but also 
 as one of the very first in Europe, his urbanity, learning, and great tact having endeared him to all who come in contact 
 with him. He speaks half a dozen languages fluently, and is a sovereign beloved and respected by his people, among whom, 
 in the streets and the shops of Stockholm, he is often seen and well known by his courteous and affable manner. 
 
 During the summer, when the Royal Family reside in the 
 country, the interior of the Palace is shown to visitors. 
 
 In the north-easterly wing of the Palace are located the Annoiiry (Lif- 
 rustkammaren), and the Royal Kobe Chamber (Kungl. Kladkammaren), containing 
 a fine collection of armour and historic relics, and a very interesting and rich 
 collection of royal garments, coronation robes, state uniforms, and dresses of 
 kings and queens of Sweden from hundreds of years ago down to modern 
 times. There are several dresses worn by Gustavus Adolphus, and the blood- 
 stained shirt he had when he was killed at the battle of Liitzen ; also the uni- 
 form and the hat, with the bullet-hole through it, worn by Charles XII., when 
 he was shot and killed in the trenches before Fredrikshald ; and the domino 
 worn by Gustavus III., when he was murdered; together with other interesting 
 relics of the same kind. There are a number of state carriages, used at corona- 
 tions and other solemn ceremonies, some of which are exceptionally large and 
 fine; and some royal saddles, sledges and paraphernalia of the greatest interest 
 to students and travellers. Admission is free on Sundays I to 3 F. M., and Fri- 
 days 12 to 3, when there is always a rush, but can also be obtained on other 
 days for a small fee; this being the better way to see this interesting collection. 
 
 Riddarholm'S Church, with its three crypts, formerly 
 one of the churches of the Franciscan Order, is the mausoleum of 
 the Royal Family, and here lie nearly all the sovereigns that have 
 reigned in Sweden during the last three hundred years. No Divine 
 service has been held in the church since 1807, and there is no 
 parish connected with it, but here, under hundreds of flags and 
 
 banners won in war, and the escutcheons of the Seraphim Order of Knights, lie buried the great hero of the Thirty Years' 
 War, King Gustavus Adolphus; the famous warrior-lion of the North, Charles XII.; besides many other brave and noble 
 kings, princes and statesmen with their consorts. The great sarcophagus of Dalecarlian porphyry enclosing the remains of 
 Charles XIV., the first king of the present dynasty, is a fine piece of workmanship which in itself is well worth a visit 
 to the church. In the choir are two sarcophagi, each surmounted by a prostrate marble image, one of King Magnus 
 Ladul^s, who founded a Franciscan monastery on Riddarholmen in 1270, and in the other, Charles VIII. 
 
 A. Sjoberg & Co,, phot. 
 
 BURIAL CHAPEL OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS 
 IN RIDDARHOLM'S CHURCH. 
 
 13 
 
L. Larsson, phot. FROM .THE SURROUNDINGS OF STOCKHOLM. 
 
Riddarhuset (The Palace of 
 the Nobility) is situated on the north 
 side of the Riddarhus Square near Vasa 
 Bridge. It was built in the middle of 
 the seventeenth century and is devoted 
 entirely to the memories, traditions, and 
 history of the Nobility of Sweden. On 
 the first floor is a splendid hall, whose 
 walls are almost entirely covered with es- 
 cutcheons of the Nobility, 2,892 in num- 
 ber. Among these are the arms of several 
 old Scotch and English families, and a 
 visit to the hall is very entertaining, 
 especially to those interested in heraldry. 
 Here the Nobility have had their meet- 
 ings as a political estate until as late as 
 1866, since then only holding an un- 
 political conference every fifth year. The 
 Speaker's chair, presented to Gustavus 
 Vasa in 1527, is a fine specimen of the 
 inlayer's art, and deserves the attention 
 of visitors. It is made of ivory in which 
 several pictures representing Biblical scenes 
 are inlaid with ebony. The ceiling of 
 the hall is adorned with a, large allegorical 
 oil-painting on a canvas 48X26 feet, 
 painted by the famous artist, Ehrenstrahl. 
 
 Below this hall, is a picture gallery containing oil-paintings of old presidents of the Estate of the Nobility in the 
 Diet. The portraits date from the seventeenth century till 1865, the year before the Nobility ceased to be an Estate in 
 the Diet. 
 
 Many valuable historical records are preserved in the archives on the other side of the grand staircase 
 Admission to Riddarhuset may be had any day by applying to the custodian (vaktmastaren). 
 
 A. Sjoberg & Co., phot. 
 
 RIDDARHUSET (THE PALACE OF THE NOBILITY). 
 
 (Showing Riddarhus Square and Riddarholm's Canal). 
 
 15 
 
MUSEUMS, LIBRARIES, AND ARCHIVES. 
 
 National Museum. — This museum building was begun 1850 and finished 1866. It is a handsome edifice in 
 the Renaissance style with a portal of green Swedish marble. On the main facade there are medallion-reliefs of Linnaeus 
 (botanist), Berzelius (chemist), Ehrenstrahl (painter), Tegner (poet), Wallin (poet), Fogelberg (sculptor), and statues of Nico- 
 demus Tessin (architect) and Sergei (sculptor). 
 
 The building contains, — 
 
 On the ground floor: The Histoi^ical Collection and the Royal Cabinet of Coins. 
 
 On the first and second floors: The Art and Art-Industrial Collections. ^ „ . , , . , 
 
 ■' 1 he Historical Collection, founded in the 
 
 seventeenth century, and since the year 1786 
 under the guardianship of the Royal Academy 
 of Literature, History, and Antiquities, contains 
 the material for our knowledge of Swedish cul- 
 ture and civilisation from the remotest period to 
 recent times. The collections are chronologically 
 and geographically arranged and contain objects 
 of the .Stone Age (from the remotest period, or 
 since -Sweden was first inhabited up to about 
 the l8ih century ij. c; objects of the Bronze Age 
 (from about the iS'h century B. c. to about 
 500 I!, c); and of the Iron Age (from about 
 500 li. c. to about 1,050 A. D.). The Pre- 
 historic Division of the Museum collections is one 
 of the finest of the kind in existence, the follow- 
 ing objects being especially noteworthy: the col- 
 lection from the Viking time (certainly the most 
 splendid in Europe), and the surprising abund- 
 ance of gold and silver ornaments found in .Swe- 
 den, whose collection and preservation we owe 
 to a law passed in 1828, which allows the finder 
 one eighth more than the full intrinsic value of 
 such finds of precious metal as the state may 
 choose to buy. 
 
 Besides the objects of the already men- 
 tioned prehistoric periods, the museum contains 
 a very valuable Mediai'al Collection (from the 
 iith to the beginning of the 1 6th century) and 
 objects of the Modern Period, some of them of 
 great value. 
 
 The Historical Collection and the Royal 
 
 BLASIEHOLMEN FROM THE NORTH BRIDGE (NORRBRO). Cabinet of Coins are open to visitors in winter 
 
 (National Museum to the right). 
 
 16 
 
 Fr. G. Klemming, phot. 
 
on Fridays from twelve to two o'clock, on Sundays from one to three (free); in summer on Tuesdays from twelve to' three o'clock (entrance-fee 
 25 ore), on Fridays from twelve to three and Sundays from one to three (free). On other days from eleven to three, visitors are admitted at 
 the side entrance for a fee of one krona. 
 
 Catalogue at the entrance. The present director is Dr. Hans Hildebrand. 
 
 The two upper storeys in the Museum Building are devoted to art and art-sloyd. Tlie art collections were removed 
 to this building in 1866 from the Lild "RMyal 
 Museum" in the Royal Palace founded in 
 I 794, but have been considerably augmented 
 since their removal to the new Museum 
 Building. 
 
 On ihe first floor is the whole col- 
 lection of art-sloyd together with that of 
 sculpture and small collections of Greek, 
 Roman and Egyptian antiquities. 
 
 The Art-sloyd Cotlec/ion. — The most numer- 
 ous and valuable section of this department is the 
 ceramic division, which boasts of many fine series 
 and separate specimens of both oriental (Chinese 
 and Japanese) porcelains and European Faience- 
 wares, stone-wares, and porcelains. The collection 
 of furniture is richest in works of the German ba- 
 roque style, but its most precious curiosities are to 
 be found among furniture of other styles, for in- 
 stance two richly carved ebony cupboards in Italian 
 work from the end of the sixteenth century. All the 
 furniture is grouped in different rooms, each style 
 by itself. 
 
 The collections of glass, precious metals, 
 watches, and caskets are also well worth the atten- 
 tion of the visitor. 
 
 The antique sculpture consists, for the 
 most part, of more or less restored marble figures, 
 — Grecian-Roman works from the time of the 
 Cesars, found in Italy in tlie eighteenth century. 
 
 The most remarkable of these is, without doubt, "The Sleeping Endymion" excavated in 1783 from the ruins of Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli, 
 and bought in Rome by Gustavus III., who was the real founder of this collection. 
 
 In the collection of modern sculpture, the works of J. T. Sergei are most remarkable. In the great "marble hall" there are several of 
 his most renowned works in marble, and in the adjoining cabinet are to be found the small models and sketches of most of his works. All the 
 most eminent sculptors of Sweden after Sergei's time are represented here, partly by works in marble and partly by bronze works outside the 
 Museum Building. 
 
 .Axel I,iudahl, p\ 
 
 THE SLEEPING ENDYMION, IN :THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
 
 17 
 
The top store}' is mostly devoted to the Ficlure Gallery. 
 
 The three foreign schools, — the Italian, the French, and the Netherland, — each occupy a large hall with adjoining cabinets. Of these 
 the Netherland school is in every respect the best represented, both in Dutch and Plemish works. Here we find paintings bearing some of the 
 
 greatest names in these schools — Rembrandt, 
 Rubens, Jordaens, D. Teniers, A. van Ostade, 
 J. van Goijen, W. van de Cappelle, Ph. Wouwer- 
 man, F. .'^nyders, J. Fyt, etc., — and of masters 
 of lower rank, there is a whole series of inter- 
 esting paintings. 
 
 The French section is almost entirely 
 confined to the eighteenth century, but by a 
 series of representative paintings by some of 
 the most talented artists of the French Rococo 
 School, — F, Boucher and J. B. Chardin, etc., — 
 gives a very good idea of the art of that period. 
 
 The Swedish section is, of course, the 
 most numerous, and embraces works all the 
 way from the close of the sixteenth century up 
 to the present time. 
 
 Among these modern Swedish paint- 
 ings there is also a group of Danish and Nor- 
 wegian works. 
 
 A large, special hall is devoted to draw- 
 ings and engravings, encluding about 100,000 
 sheets of paper. The greatest part of these are, 
 however, laid away in cupboards, only small 
 groups being exhibited at once, and these are 
 from time to time exchanged for new ones. But 
 on Tuesdays and Fridays, every visitor is entitled 
 to have the custodian take out any loose sheets 
 or whole works that he wishes to see. 
 
 The Art Exhibits (all the collections 
 in the two upper storeys of the Museum) are 
 open to the public: Free on Sundays (1 to 3 P. 
 M.), Tuesdays and Fridays (11 A. M. to 3 p. 
 M.); fee of jo ore on Wednesdays, Thursdays 
 and Saturdays (11 to 3). The Museum is closed 
 on Mondavs. 
 
 Fr. G. Klemming, phor. 
 
 NYBROVIKEN. 
 
 (Behind the National Museum). 
 
 The Riks Museum which belongs to the Swedish State but is superintended by the Academy of Science, is 
 divided into five sections, the Mineralogical, Zoological, Entomological, Ethnographical, and Botanical. 
 
 The Mineralogical Collection is exhibited on the ground-flioor of the Royal Academy of Science Building, No. 94, 
 
 18 
 
iisson, phot. GRAND HOTEL AND NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
 
Bengt Orling, phot. 
 
 THE GUARD PARADE. 
 
Drottniiiggatan, but the entrance is from Wallingatan, just in front of Adolphus Fredric's Church. Free ever}' Wednes- 
 day (except Holy-days) 12 to 2 p. m., and Sunday i to 3 p. m.; on Saturday, 12 to 2, fee 25 ore. 
 
 This is one of the best and richest mineralogical collections in Europe. It has a fine assortment of meteorites, one of which is exhibited 
 in the vestibule, between the main entrance and the 
 staircase leading up to the zoological museum. This 
 immense iron block, weighing nearly 20,000 kilo- 
 grams, or twenty metric tons, was discovered by 
 Baron Nordenskiold in Greenland, year 1870. In 
 regard to its origin, much difference of opinion has 
 been expressed by learned men. 
 
 This section of the Museum is especially 
 remarkable for its excellent collection of choicest 
 specimens of minerals from the stone-quarries and 
 mines of the Scandinavian Peninsula, and hundreds 
 of them are peculiar to this part of the globe, not 
 being found anywhere else, — for instance, Gadolinite, 
 Cleveite (remarkable for containing the newly dis- 
 covered element. Helium), Thorite, Cerite, etc. 
 
 The Zoological Collection, exhibited 
 on the first floor of the above mentioned 
 building, is very rich in vertebrates, lower 
 evertebrates, and fossils, all of which are 
 excellently preserved and systematically ar- 
 ranged. Free every Wednesday (except 
 Holy-days) 12 to 2 p. m., and Sunday i 
 to 3 P. M.; on Saturday, 12 to 2 p. m., 
 fee 25 ore. 
 
 We first enter the cloak-room, where vi- 
 sitors are required to leave their sticks and um- 
 brellas in the care of the person in attendance. In 
 two corners of this room we see a giant firn-stem 
 from New Holland. Turning to our left, we enter 
 Room No I through a spacious passage containing 
 a collection of whales and whale-models, the most 
 remarkable of which are a large, mounted, Killer 
 
 Whale (Orca gladiator) and a Bottle-nosed Whale ( liypcroodon diodon). Room No. i contains (on the floor) mammals foreign to Sweden, most 
 of which are mounted, but some are skeletons. The two galleries of this room are occupied by a very valuable collection of skeletons of birds 
 and small mammals. The most remarkable objects .in Room No. i are: a True Zebra ( Equus zebra), z.V,\\\ft\)\v:V ( Hippotragus Icucophctiis), two 
 giraffs, two polar bears, fur seals, walruses, a Bengal tiger from Java, with several very small cubs (remarkable for the extremely natural pose), 
 
 A. lilombeig, phot. 
 
 THE ROYAL EQUIPAGE ENTERING GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS SQUARE. 
 
 (Roy.ll Palace and North Bridge in background). 
 
 2 I 
 
all mounted; among the skeletons, the Manatees and the Dugong (Halicore ceiacca), 
 the sirens. In the middle of the floor of Room No. 2 is a skeleton and a separate 
 now probably extinct, brought home by Baron Nordenskiold from Behring Island. 
 
 Fr. G. Klemming, phot. 
 
 GENERAL 
 
 THE HARBOUR FROM THE ST. 
 (National jNIuseiiin in backgrotuid). 
 
 CATHERINE LIFT. 
 
 M. : 
 
 Collection al H«l liindaregaian No. J^. — 0|^en on Sunday, i to 3 P. 
 fee of 25 ore. This collection embraces nifinv valuable curiosities from Australia, America, and Africa, partly collected 
 
 whicli latter has probably given rise to the legends about 
 cranium of Steller's Sea-cow or Sirenian (Rhyiina SielUri), 
 This room is mostly devoted to specimens of reptiles and 
 turtles. In the middle of Room No. 3, 
 are several whale-skeletons, the glass cases 
 being mostly devoted to fishes. The fos- 
 sils and petrifications are scattered through 
 Rooms No. 2, 3, 5, and 6, the most in- 
 teresting and choisest specimen of which is 
 doubtless a scorpion ( PalcEophotms nnnciiis), 
 discovered in 1884 in the youngest Silurian 
 strata of the Baltic island, Gothland. It is 
 tlie oldest air-breathing animal known to 
 have existed on the globe. Rooms No. 7 
 and g are devoted to corals, conchifers, 
 and other lower evertebrates, the latter 
 being a very valual)le collection, most of 
 which is a fruit of the .Swedish expeditions 
 of arctic discovery. Rooms No. 10 and 
 
 12 contain the collection of Swedish birds ; 
 Room No. II, Scandinavian mammals, rep- 
 tiles, amphibians, and fishes; Rooms No. 
 
 13 and 14 a most magnificent collection of 
 l)irds foreign to Sweden, about 17,000 in 
 number, and among other rarities, we find 
 liere a fine specimen of the Great Auk (AUa 
 impennis). Room No. 15 is devoted to 
 birds' nests from all parts of the world. 
 
 The Eihnographical Colleclioii 
 is divided into two parts, one of which 
 is e.xhibited at Hollandaregatan, No. 
 15, entrance from Wallingatan, op- 
 posite to the entrance to the Mine- 
 ralogical and Zoological Collections, 
 and the other part is preserved in a 
 suite of rooms on the foui th floor of 
 the Stockholm College Building (Stock- 
 holms hogskola), 30, Kungsgatan. 
 on Wednesday and Saturday, 1 2 to 2 p. 
 
by the Vanadis expedition at Marquesas, Poomotu, Tahiti, Hawaii, and the Marshall Islands; others are the fruits of the 
 Vega expedition; and still others were collected in Tahiti by Sparrman, the Swedish physician and scientist who took part 
 in Cook's South Pole expedition. 
 
 Collection at Kungsgalafi No. JO (Stockholms hogskola). — Open Mondays and Thursdays (except Holy-days) 12 to 2 
 p. M., fee of 25 ore. 
 
 This section of the Ethnographical Museum embraces Asia and antique Peru, and consists principally of the collec- 
 tions made, while the Frigate "Vanadis" was on its expedition of 
 1883 — 85, by the ethnographer of the expedition. Dr. Hjalmar 
 Stolpe, who has also arranged this section of the Riks Museum. 
 Here we find the arrangement purely ethnographical, all the curio- 
 sities from one nation or people being kept together. The objects 
 belonging to each nation are, moreover, S3'stematically divided into 
 groups, each embracing a separate branch of that nation's culture. 
 These groups are : articles of food, articles of luxury, household 
 articles, dresses, ornaments, weapons, vehicles, objects of industry, 
 commerce, art, literature, and religion. 
 
 The Botanical Collectio?i is divided into two sections, one 
 of which embraces growing, dried, and pressed plants, and the other 
 principally fossils. 
 
 FIRST SECTION. 
 
 The groiving plants are to be seen at the Bergielund's Bo- 
 tanical Gardens (property of the Royal Academy of Science) at 
 Frescati, a little halting-station on the electric railway, the journey 
 being a pleasant ride of only a few minutes from Stockholm. Train 
 starts from the park Humleg&rden (foot of Engelbrektsgatan), a few 
 steps west of the Royal Library. Return ticket costs 55 ore. 
 
 These beautiful gardens are well worth a visit. They are 
 situated on the shores of a picturesque lake, and have many charms for ordinary people as well as for the botanist. Fine 
 collection of plants peculiar to Scandinavia. 
 
 The dried and pressed plants have no exhibition-room, but most of them are preserved on the second floor of the 
 Academy of Science Building, entrance from 94, Drottninggatan, and those who are especially interested in botany will 
 be shown whatever they desire to see by the obliging amanuensis. Large general collection of plants; rich and choice 
 collections of Scandinavian and arctic plants. Unique and very handsome collection of Brazilian flora. 
 
 H. GiUbcrg, phot 
 
 VASA BRIDGE. 
 (Showing Riddarhuset, the Archives, and Spire of 
 Riddarholm's Church in background). 
 
SECOND SECTION. 
 
 The fossil planis are on exhibition in the same building as the first section of the Ethnograpiiical Collection, Hol- 
 landaregatan, No. 15 (entrance from Wallingatan). Open on Wednesdays and Saturdays 12 to 2 p. '^i., free. 
 
 Greatest collection in the world of fossil plants from Spitzbergen (carboniferous, Jurassic, tertiary), Greenland (creta- 
 ceous, tertiary), and Iceland (tertiary), many of which have been described by Heer in his great work. Flora Fossilis Arc- 
 iica, but very large collections have not yet been described at all. 
 
 Besides the above, this collection contains, among other renrarkable objects, the following: Fossil plants from the 
 coal-bearing strata of the Swedish province, Scania, a unique collection of fossil plants from the Cameroons, and quaternary 
 plants from Sweden. (Very unique collection). 
 
 The folloivi7i!r deserves special tiptice — 
 
 Terliary: Walnut, with meat perfectly preserved and extracted; fossil wood with its internal structure and natural, light-brown colour 
 perfectly preserved, an extremely thin, transverse section of which has been placed on a piece of glass, and when held to the light, all the annual 
 rings may be counted in the wood; redwood (Sequoia Langsdorjii) found in Greenland and resembling the Californian redwood ('5c(/;/(5;fl .ww/dv- 
 viretis): leaves of the bread-fruit tree (Artocarptts Dicksoni) and young bread-fruits found in Greenland; maple and cherry leaves from Iceland, 
 oak leaves from Alaska; collection from southernmost Japan (Nordenskiold, Vega expedition), showing that the climate there has formerly been 
 much colder than now; fine collection of amber. 
 
 Quaternary : Fossil leaves from glacial flora, showing that the arctic vegetation was prevalent over a large part of Europe during tlie 
 ice-age, and parts of plants from following ages, preserved in peat-mosses and clays (greatest collection of this kind in the world). 
 
 Besides the above, there are some remarkable plaster casts showing trails and tracks of worms, crustaceans, mollusks, etc., resembling 
 what has formerly been described as fossil algae. 
 
 The Entomological Collection is nearly complete in Scandinavian insects and embraces a general collection from 
 all parts of the world, the latter being especially remarkable for the Schonherr type-collection of Curculionides (weevils), 
 and the insects brought home from Africa by J. A. Wahlberg and J. Sjostedt. 
 
 In this connection, it might not be amiss to mention the Observatory, the Greenwich of Sweden, erected in 1753. 
 It is situated on a high hill at the top of Drottninggatan, and a grand view of the city may be had from its grounds. 
 Its late superintendent was the renowned astronomer. Professor H. Gylden. Besides a meridian circle and a transit in- 
 strument, the Observatory has an eqtiatorial telescope with an opening of seven inches and supplied with a photographic tube. 
 
 The Observatory is not open to the public, but persons especially interested in astronomy will be admitted on 
 application to the amanuensis. Dr. Gyllenskiold. 
 
 The Northern Museum, founded in 1872 by Dr. Arthur Hazeiius, and at present located in half a dozen places 
 in the city, is a very unique and remarkable institution. It has a very rich and continually growing collection of national 
 costumes, furniture, tools, and arms, typical of the Scandinavian countries, from the early Viking Age up to the present day. 
 A large and handsome building is now being erected in Djurg§,rden in which all the collections will be brought together and 
 systematically arranged. When finished, this will be the greatest museum in Scandinavia, and one of the best in the world. 
 
 24 
 
4 
 
Mr. Charles H. Derby, in his preface to the EngUsh "Guide to the Collections of the Northern Museum," (i88g) says: 
 "About sixteen years ago, Dr. Hazelius, animated by the patriotic desire to gather together and preserve whatever could illustrate the 
 industrial arts, the modes of life, and the habitations of the people of Sweden and Norway in the past, commenced the work which he has since 
 pursued with ardour and success, and which has resulted in forming the very extensive collections of most interesting objects of all kinds which 
 are displayed in suites of rooms in various parts of Stockholm, and placed under the guardianship of Dalecarlian peasant women wearing the 
 picturesque costumes of that province. 
 
 "In 1880 Dr. Hazelius, who had already designed to hand over his collections to the country as a national possession, formed a Com- 
 mittee of Trustees, consisting of five persons, to co-operate with himself in carrying out his scheme, and to share with him the heavy burden of 
 management. King Oscar has given a noble site for a suitable building, and part of the funds have been collected which are required for the 
 
 erection and fitting up of a permanent Museum, the estimated cost of which will be about £ 165,000. It is pos- 
 sible that the State, which gives at present an annual subsidy of £, 900,* will eventually make a grant, but the 
 l)rincipal portion of the balance is looked for from public and private donations. Considering how much some of 
 the best characteristics of our race have been deriv'ed from the strong infusion of vigorous Norse blood in bygone 
 times, and how many links springing from language and literature, political institutions and religious faith, connect 
 generally the peoples of Great Britain, of her Colonies, and of the United States of America, with those of the 
 Scandinavian North, it may be hoped that art-loving visitors from the former lands to the capital of Sweden will 
 feel disposed to give some generous help towards the realization of a praiseworthy object, which is at the same 
 time a formidable one for the resources of a people whose wealth lies rather in their energy and culture than in 
 their material possessions." 
 
 The various sections of the Museum are open, on payment of the under-mentioned fees, 
 and at the following times, namely: 
 
 The Peasantry Section, Drottninggata/i yi, the Southern and Northern I'avilion: Week-days (except Wednes- 
 days and Saturdays) from II to 4, Sundays from l to 3 p. M. Admission: 50 ore; Children and Servants, 25 ore. 
 
 'J'he Section of Coipoiaiions, or Gttiids, the Section of olijects jised i>y the Higher Classes, and the Nor- 
 luegian Section, Drottninggatan 79, I't, 2"d^ and 3"d floors, and Drottninggatan 77, I'-t and 2"'! floors, with 
 entrance at No. 79: Wednesdays and Saturdays from II to 4, Sundays from I to 3 r. m Same fee as in the 
 former section. 
 
 The l''liarviaceictical Section etc., Drottninggatan 68, l^' floor: Wednesdays and Saturdays from Ii to 4. 
 Sundays from i to 3 r. M. Admission: 25 ore. 
 Skansen is open every day from 10 .\. M. till dusk; entrance-fee 50 ore. Photographs and other souvenirs of the Northern Museum and 
 Skansen are on sale here. 
 
 In the darkest season of the year — from November ist to March I^t — the various sections are open on week-days only till 3 v. M. 
 The various sections of the Museum are also acressiMe at other ti/iies, and indeed (so long as no reason for the contrary arises) on all 
 week-days from 9 o'clock .\. m. till dusk, on payment of a double entrance-fee. 
 
 Sticks, umbrellas, etc., must be given up at the entrance, and are returned free of charge. 
 Illustrated English Guide-book (price 75 ore) to be had on application. 
 
 Skansen, the extensive out-door part of this museum, is located on the top of a large hill that commands the 
 situation in the westerly part of Djurg&rden. 
 
 This is an enclosure of nearly forty acres, and a whole Sweden in miniature, with buildings moved from all parts of the country, 
 and put up in exactly the condition in which they have existed, some of them for hundreds of years on their native heath. The most interesting 
 
 DALECARLIAN GIRLS. 
 
 * The subsidy has been increased since the publication of this catalogue and now (i 
 
 it amounts to £ 1,400. 
 
 26 
 
L, Larsson, phot 
 
 GENERAL VIEW OF SKANSEN IN WINTER. 
 Showing the Prospect Tower, BiedabHck, and Hl,sjo Belfry. 
 
of these are doubtless [.axhrostiigan with furniture and fittings from the I7'h century and Swedenborg's summer house, removed to Skansen from 
 the south part of Stockholm, where the renowned seer and doctrine-founder had his home. A fine silver medal has been struck in memory of 
 the translation of this house. Here are waggons, and sledges, and agricultural tools, from by-gone ages; here are reindeer, and Lapps with their 
 families, from the extreme north of Sweden; here are bear-dens, fox-, rabbit-, and bird-cages, artificial seal-ponds and swan-ponds; and if the 
 visitor is interested in the study of folk-lore and folk-life, Skansen is a most profitable and interesting point to visit. Nearly all the attendants 
 
 are dressed in costumes representing the several differ- 
 ent provinces of the country, while on Sundays some 
 of the custodians are dressed in military uniforms 
 from the time of Gustavus Adolphus and Charles XII. 
 The sight of these people in their many-coloured 
 costumes, going about attending to their duties and 
 waiting upon the visitors, is both picturesque and 
 entertaining. 
 
 Among the many things worth seeing in 
 Skansen, the graceful national peasant dances are 
 doubtless the most attractive for the tourist. These 
 dances are performed every Sunday afternoon and 
 sometimes also on week-days. The grotesque danc- 
 ing music is furnished by peasant musicians, most 
 of them playing the violin, but one or two other 
 instruments are used, the most interesting and unique 
 uf which is the "nyckelharpa" from the province 
 of Upland. In form and general appearance, this 
 instrument somewhat resembles a hurdy-gurdy, but 
 instead of the sounds being produced by a wheel, a 
 short bow is used. The hairs in the bow are not 
 held at a fixed tension as in the violin-bow, but the 
 tension is increased or diminished by the pressure of 
 the player's thumb. Only part of the strings are 
 touched by the bow, the others being set into vibra- 
 tion by the waves of sound from the main strings, 
 which are supplied with stops or keys. The deep 
 tones of this instrument, together with the singing 
 caused by the vibration of the untouched strings, 
 gives a very weird character to the music. Another 
 interesting stringed instrument, the "kanteU," from 
 Finland, is also sometimes heard in Skansen. 
 
 The dances themselves are exceedingly original and are very expressive of the different moods of the peasants from the respective Swedish 
 provinces. Among the most interesting are: " Vdfva vadjiial" (Weave Wadmal, or Homespun), an ancient dance, with many and rapidly changing 
 figures, very aptly imitating the action of the shuttle, the beating in of the woof, and all the other motions in weaving at the old-fashioned 
 hand-looms'; "Giislafs skal," which, as well as the proceeding dance, is frequently accompanied by the singing of the dancers; "Hallingen," re- 
 minding more of sport than of dancing; "Trekarlspolskan," " Dalpolskan," " Frykdahfohkan ," " Vingakersdanscn," and " Kenldndaren." All of 
 these dances are performed in national peasant costumes, partly by Dalecarlian peasants in the service of Skansv??, and partly by the members of 
 
 Axel Lindahl, phot. 
 
 LAPPLANDER'S HUT IN SKANSEN. 
 
 28 
 
"Sz'e/iska Folkdanstns Viiniicr," an association for preserving and waking an interest 
 tliem into the Irigher circles of Swedish society. 
 
 On the highest point in Skansen is located the Bredablick * Tower, loo feet high with 174 stair-steps. 
 
 the Swedish national peasant dances and for introducing 
 
 beneath your feet lies a most enchanting panorama, 
 south-west a handsome, bustling city, pulsating with 
 all the life and energies of our modern civilisation. 
 
 There are also two belfries, one of which 
 is 143 feet high and affords a lovely view of the South 
 Side and the ship-channel leading into the harbour. 
 
 'I'lte Spring Festival at Sknnsen is held 
 during the last days in May and the first days in 
 June. This, like everything else at Skansen, is very 
 original, and the number of people visiting it daily 
 frequently amounts to 10,000. At this festival about 
 five hundred persons take part as voluntary assis- 
 tants, many of them being from the very cream 
 of society. This sociable intermingling of all classes 
 will hardly be found elsewhere in Europe, and on 
 no other occasion i Sweden. Here we see a Coun- 
 tess in a little booth selling tarts, and there is the 
 son of a Minister Plenipotentiary mixing drinks for 
 the thirsty crowd. At one side is a theatre where 
 amateurs play short dramatic pieces by the great 
 dramatist, August Blanche. In a little cottage near 
 at hand, a peasant-girl is singing the pathetic songs 
 of her native province, and on a great boulder just 
 in front of this house, an old peasant is telling 
 stories that must be very comical, for the Swedes 
 laugh till the tears trickle down their cheeks. All 
 of a sudden, the crowd parts to let a queer old 
 equipage pass; it is a relic from by-gone centuries, 
 and looks very odd indeed with its fare of peasant 
 girls in their party-coloured clothes. Then comes 
 a long procession, — quaintly dressed trumpeters, 
 pages, grooms, and beaters; hounds; portable kit- 
 chen with cooks and kitchen maids; besides a com- 
 plete retinue of Lords and Ladies, not forgetting 
 the Queen's proud Doctor. It is Queen Christina 
 and her suit of retainers, returning with the spoils 
 of the hunt. Everything is so real and natural, that 
 
 The animal kingdom of the Scandinavian 
 collection is fast developing into a zoological garden. 
 
 You climb to the top, and 
 
 To the north and east, the beautiful country, and, the archipelago of the Baltic; and to the 
 
 ■V,. 
 
 Axel Lindahl, phot. 
 
 PEASANT COTTAGE IN SKANSEN. 
 
 we imagine ourselves actually living in the middle of tlie seventeenth century. 
 Peninsula, both as to wild and domestic animals, is well represented in Skansen, and the 
 representing the Scandinavian fauna. 
 
 'Bredablicic'' means 7v/t/<.' vifio. In Konherti mythology, Bredablick was the n.one of the palace of the god Balder. 
 
 29 
 
The Biological Museum, also located in 
 
 It' contains a nearly complete collection of the mamma 
 
 Bengt Orling, phot. 
 
 VIEW IN THE BIOLOGICAL MUSEUM. DJURGARDEN. 
 
 Djurg&rden, is one of the most interesting sights in Stockholm. 
 
 , birds, reptiles, and batrachia of Scandinavia, artistically stuffed, 
 and a perfect wonder of the taxidermist's art. The animals are 
 represented life-like as in their natural state, in characteristic 
 positions, and with their usual surroundings, being in many cases 
 accompanied by their young, or provided with nests and eggs. 
 The whole constitutes a series of panoramic reproductions of Scan- 
 dinavian landscapes, the background being painted by competent 
 artists, while trees and other natural objects form the foreground. 
 
 The Museum is open to the public every day from 1 1 a. M. till 
 dark. Entrance fee 50 ore. Children and servants, 25 ore. 
 
 The Artillery Museum, located at 13, Riddaregatan, 
 a street running between the Royal Stables and the Ostermalm 
 Church, is very interesting indeed for people with martial tastes. 
 It contains extensive and very valuable collections of field and 
 fortification cannon, models, artillery ammunition, equestrian 
 equipments, uniforms and appointments, banners and standards, 
 hand fire-arms, edged-weapons, bullet-moulds, etc. 
 
 In arranging the collection, great care has been taken 
 to illustrate as obviously as possible the historical development 
 of the science of weapon-making, and nearly every epoch in the 
 history of fire-arms is well represented in the museum. 
 
 The Museum is open to the public I to 2: 30 p. M. every Wednes- 
 day, fee 10 ore, and between October and May free on Sundays at the same 
 hours; but visitors may gain admission any day between ten and twelve 
 o'clock in the morning, on applying to the "Tygmcistarc ," whose office is 
 to the left in the yard. 
 
 The Fishery Museum. 43, Mastersamuelsgatan, second floor, open 
 to the public, free, on week-days 12 to 3 P. M., on .Sundays I to 3 v. M. 
 
 The Hygienic IVIuseum, fee 10 ore, and The Anatomical IVIuseum, 
 both in the Karolinska Medical Institute, open on Sundays I to 3 P. M. 
 
 The Museum of the Academy of Agriculture. 4, Luntmakaregatan, 
 free to the public every week-day 12 to 3 P. M. 
 
 The Swedish Museum of Geological Research, 36, Miistersamuels- 
 gatan, free to the public on Mondays and Thursdays I to 3 P. M. 
 
 The Museum of the Polytechnic School, 36, Mastersamuelsgatan, free 
 on Tuesdays 12 to 2 P. M. 
 
 30 
 
The Royal Library is lucuted in the suuthem part of Humlegarden. Tliis great instilutiun has a magnificent 
 building with an unsurpassed site. The rich literary treasures it contains are kept in the most perfect order, so as to be 
 easily accessible and yet safe. 
 
 To the right of the entrance, on the ground floor is the large exhibition-hall, in which a number of rare and valuable manuscripts, 
 prints, bindings, and autograph-letters are kept in glass cases. The most voluminous of the manuscripts is the so-called "Devil's Bible," which, 
 according to old tradition, was written in one night by a monk condemned to death, but who was to be pardoned if he could copy the whole 
 Bible in one night; this he is said to have done with the aid of the devil, who has left his picture on a whole page; hence the name. The 
 leaves, about one and a half by three feet, are parchment, made of asses' hides, and it took three hundred hides to make the book. It was 
 captured in a monastery in Prague during the Thirty Years' War and brought to Sweden. 
 
 Here we also find the renowned Codex Auretis, a Latin translation of the four Gospels from the sixth or seventh century. It is written 
 in gold letters on parchment, the leaves being alternately white and violet. Another interesting relic is a printed Latin Bible which once be- 
 longed to Martin Luther, with a number of notes in his handwriting in the margin. The oldest Swedish book still preserved, the provincial law 
 of Vestergotland, written about 1 280 or 1290, is also one of the treasures of the Library. 
 
 There is a large and handsome reading-room, fitted with desks for the convenience of those who consult tlie literature of the Library, 
 which contains more than 300,000 books and about 12,000 manuscripts, many of them being very rare and valuable. Besides the very complete 
 collection of Swedish literature, it has a large number of standard works in the English, French, and German languages. The books may all 
 be consulted in the Library, and most of them are also lent to properly accredited persons for use at home. The Library is a great institution, 
 and excellently managed. Open, free of charge, 10 a. M. to 3 P. M. and 5 to 7 P. M. every week-day except Holy-days. 
 
 Besides the Royal Library there are the following libraries and archives: 
 
 The Library of the Academy of Liberal Arts, 32, Fredsgatan, open to the public on Mondays and Wednesdays 1 to 3 v. m. 
 The Library of the Pharmaceutic Institute. 20, Wallingatan, open at hours advertised on the door. 
 
 The Library of the Karolins/ta IVIedical Institute, 3, Handtverkaregatan, free on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays 6 to 8 p. m. 
 
 The Library of the Academy of War. 10, Riddarholmen, open on Wednesdays and Saturdays 2 to 3 p. m. 
 
 The Library of the Academy of Agriculture, 43, Mastersamuelsgatan, open on Wednesdays and Saturdays 1 2 to 2 p. m. 
 
 The Library of the Society of Physicians, 19, Jakobsgatan, open on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays 7 to 8 p. m. 
 
 Ldsesalongen (The Reading Room), Corner of Klarabergsgatan and Beridarebansgatan (top of Hamngatan) ; large supply of English books, 
 papers, and magazines. Open on week-days 9 A. m. to 10 p. M., on Sundays 2 to 10 P. m. Entrance-fee 20 ore, five tickets for 75 ore. 
 
 The Library of the Academy of Music. 2, Stallgatan, open every day, except Sundays and Holy-days, 10 to 1 1 a. m., on Saturdays 10 to 12 a. m. 
 
 The Library of the Patent and Trade-Mark Office, 18, Brunkebergstorg. Free admission. Open every day, except Sundays and Holy-days, 
 II A. M. to 3 P. M. and Wednesdays and Saturdays (except Holy-days) 7 to 9 P. M. 
 
 The Library of the Diet, 5, Birger Jarl's Torg, open during the sessions of the Diet every day 10 a. .m. to 7 p. m; at other times Mondays, 
 Wednesdays, and Fridays, 11 A. M. to 2 p. m. 
 
 The Library of the Central Statistic Bureau, 2, Storkyrkobrinken, open free of charge every week-day 10 a. m. to 3 p. m. 
 
 The Library of the Polytechnic High-school, 95 A, Drottninggatan. Free, Mondays and Thursdays 12 to 2 p. m., Saturdays 4 to 6 p. m. 
 
 The Library of the Polytechnic School, 36, Mastersamuelsgatan, open on Mondays and Thursdays 7 to 9 p. m., Tuesdays and Fridays i 
 to 3 P. M., and Sundays 9:30 to li A. m. 
 
 The Library of the Royal Academy of Sciences, 94, Drottninggatan, open every day, except Sundays and Holy-days 12 to 3 P. m. 
 
 The Library and Antiquarian Topographical Archives of the Academy of Literature, in the National Museum. 
 
 The Riks Archives. 3, Arkivgatan, open every week-day 10 a. m. to 2: 30 p. m. 
 
 The Archives of the Navy on Skeppsholmen. Admission on special application, Tuesdays and Fridays 10 to 11 a. m. 
 
 Kammararkivet (Records of Exchequer). 13, Birger Jarl's Torg, open every week-day 10 a. m. to 2 p. M. 
 
 The Military Archives, 10, Riddarholmen, open every week-day 10: 30 A. M. to 3 P. M. Free. 
 
 The Palace Archives, in the north-west wing of the Palace, open Tuesdays and Fridays 1 1 a. m. to 2 p. m. 
 
 31 
 
C, Adelskold, phot. 
 
 STATUE OF LINN/EUS IN THE PARK HUMLEGARDEN. 
 
 (Behind the Royal Libiary). 
 
PARKS. 
 
 Starting from the Gustavus Adolphus Square and passing between the new Opera Building and St. Jacob's Church, 
 we come to Kxingsirddg&rden (The King's Garden), a charming park and promenade in the heart of the city, with lawns, 
 shrubbery, and flowers, and adorned by Molin's Fountain, a beautiful work of art, and by statues of Charles XII. and 
 Charles XIII. There are handsome promenades on 
 both sides of the park, planted with rows of lime- 
 trees. Every Sunday noon, the park is thronged with 
 people in holiday attire, who have come to look at 
 the Guard Parade and at each other; and the place 
 is then a veritable vanity-fair. The south end of the 
 park is intersected by Arsenalsgatan, and down this 
 street the Guard Parade, preceeded by a fine band, 
 marches every day at noon, on its way to tlie Paiac c. 
 (See p. 20). 
 
 Proceeding up Arsenalsgatan in the direction 
 from which the Guard Parade came, we soon come to 
 Berzelii Park adjoining Norrmalm's Square. In this park, 
 there is a fine statue of the great chemist, Berzelius, 
 after whom the park is named, and a fountain. (See 
 P- 35)- the south-west side of Berzelii Park, are 
 Bern's Saloons, a favourite resort of the Stockholmians. 
 
 Below the North Bridge, in the middle of the 
 stream, is a handsome little park called Sir'umparterren. 
 (See p. 16). It is just like the parquette of a theatre 
 set in the middle of the rapids, which rush swiftly 
 past on either side. This is also a much frequented 
 resort in the beautiful summer evenings. 
 
 Hiimkg&rden is the gem of the parks within the city limits. It has for its central ornament a statue of Linnaeus, 
 the great botanist (see p. 32); in the north-cast corner, on a steep Httle hill, is a statue of the renowned chemist, Schcele; 
 and in the south-west corner is Hassclberg's statue, "The Grandfather," not far from the massive building of the Royal Library. 
 
 But the park on which Stockholm prides itself, — its glory and the pleasure-resort of the people at large, — is Djtir- 
 gSrden (literally: "Animal-garden"). It was formerly the King's hunting-ground and deer-park, and embraced a large area 
 of land just north-east of the city, but the name is now generally used to designate a peninsula, isolated from the main- 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 Roesler, phot. 
 
 MOLIN'S FOUNTAIN IN KUNGSTRADgArDEN. 
 
Axel Sjbberg & Co., phot. 
 
 KUNGSTRADGARDEN. 
 
land by a little canal crossing its isthmus. This lovely park, which is just on the north-eastern outskirts of the city, is 
 not at all artificial, but consists of hill and dale, meadows and woods, just as God made them. There are, however, good 
 roads and picturesque little foot-paths winding in and out among the hills and rocks, across the meadows and through the 
 woods. The ground is everywhere co- 
 vered with a rich carpet of wild grasses, 
 and the hillsides are heavily wooded with 
 giants oaks, elms, maples, ash-trees, birch- 
 es, and alders (the latter growing to big 
 trees), interspersed with pines and hem- 
 locks. The first object of interest just 
 after crossing the bridge is the new build- 
 ing of the Northern Museum. The Royal 
 Chateau, Rosendal, is located on the north 
 side of Djuvgfirden, and on the south is 
 the Manilla Inslilute for deaf and dumb. 
 On this side, too, and in the neighbour- 
 hood of Skaiisen, are the Tivoli beer- 
 gardens, situated on a rocky slope, and 
 close by are the Alhambra Concert Hall, 
 the Arena Theatre, and the famous Res- 
 taurant and Cafe, Hasselbacken. 
 
 The Stockholm Exhibition of 1 897 
 will be located in the north-western part 
 of Djurg^rden, on either side of the 
 bridge leading to the city. At the pre- 
 sent writing, Dec. 1896, the Exhibition 
 Buildings are nearly finished, and a large 
 force of workmen are engaged in erect- 
 ing a new bridge near the site of the 
 old one. 
 
 The Haga Park, in which the 
 Royal Chateau of Haga is situated, lies 
 
 immediately north of the city limits. This park is very large and handsome, well-kept, and much frequented, especially by 
 the people living in the north part of the city. A great number of travellers also visit Haga both on account of the 
 beauty of the scenery and the historic associations of the Chateau and its surroundings. The park contains the gigantic 
 
 Fr. G. Klemming, phot. 
 
 STATUE OF THE CHEMIST BERZELIUS AND FOUNTAIN IN THE BERZELII PARK. 
 
 35 
 
Larisoii, phot. STATUE OF CHARLES XII., IN KUNGSTRADGARDEN. 
 
foundation of a castle whose enormous piles of masonry remind 
 one of what the Bible says somewhere about the man who be- 
 gan to build without counting the cost. This foundation was 
 laid by Gustavus III., who did much to improve the park. 
 Many of the walls are wide enough at the top to allow a carri- 
 age and four to drive along them very comfortably. 
 
 The Duchess of Dalecarlia resides in the Chateau, which 
 is, however, no very imposing building. (See p. 38). 
 
 On Sundays, this park and Djurg&rden are thronged with 
 the families of artisans and tradesmen, — fathers and mothers taking 
 part in the gambols of the children and enjoying the summer day. 
 
 There are several handsome church-yards in the city 
 no more used as burial-places but transformed into beautifully 
 kept parks, thus affording healthy breathing-places in the heart 
 of the city. 
 
 The refining influence of parks seems to be thoroughly 
 appreciated by the Stockholm authorities; for they keep them in 
 fine condition, making them attractive to the class of people 
 most in need of them, and if these people were not attracted 
 to the parks, they might spend their leisure hours to much less 
 advantage both to themselves and to the community in which 
 they live. 
 
 STATUES. 
 
 A large number of finely made statues adorn the parks 
 and public places of the city, besides those already mentioned ; 
 viz., those oi LinncEus, Scheele, and the " Grand/aiher" in Humle- 
 g^rden, of Berzelius in Berzelii Park, of Charles XII. and 
 Charles XIII. in Kungstradgirden, and of Giisiavus Adolphus 
 in the Square named after him. The little lawn on the north 
 side of the National Museum is made attractive by several bronze 
 statues, among which is a fine group with bass-reliefs on the four 
 sides of the bronze pedestal. It is called " Bdliespdtmarne" 
 
 37 
 
 Axel Lindahl, phot. 
 
 THE BELTED CHAMPIONS (BALTESPANNARNE). 
 By Molin. 
 
in Swedish, which means, freely translated, "The Belted Champions," but most English guide-books call it simply "The Wrest- 
 lers." This interesting work of art is made from a model by the Swedish sculptor, Molin, and a plaster of Paris cast of it 
 is preserved in the Museum itself. It represents two Vikings bound tightly together by a large, strong belt around their waists. 
 Each holds a short knife in his right hand, 
 while the left hand of either antagonist 
 tightly grasps the knife-hand of the other 
 by the wrist. The group is full of life and 
 action and is greatly admired by visitors, 
 not only on account of its purely artistic 
 merits, but also because of its unique historic 
 character. The groups in bass-relief on the 
 pedestal represent the causes of the quarrel, 
 the challenge, and the woman sorrowing 
 over the grave. 
 
 In a small park near the Central 
 Railway Station, stands the statue of Baron 
 Nils Ericson, the father of the Swedish rail- 
 ways, as he may almost be called, — the 
 George Stephenson of Sweden. He was one 
 of the greatest civil engineers Sweden has 
 ever known, and besides promoting the de- 
 velopment of the railway system in Sweden, 
 he took a prominent pait in the construction 
 of several canals, among them the Gotha 
 Canal from Stockholm to Gothenburg. He 
 was a brother of the immortal John Ericson 
 who designed the "Monitor," so famous in 
 the American war against slavery. 
 
 On the great quay, "Skeppsbron," we 
 find the statue of Gustavus III., the clever 
 diplomat and ardent lover of art and liter- 
 ature. He drew up a new Constitution, pro- 
 moted free-trade, abolished torture, regulated the finances, founded the Swedish Academy in 1786, and made war with Russia 
 which ended with the naval victory of the Swedes at Svensksund, 1790. He was greatly renowned as a patron of art and 
 literature, and was a successful dramatist and orator. He was shot while attending a masquerade ball at the Royal Opera. 
 
 rtoesler, phot. 
 
 STATUE OF CHARLES XIV., NEAR THE LOCKS. 
 
 39 
 
Axel Lindalil, |)hot. 
 
 STATUE OF GUSTAVUS VASA IN THE RIDDARHUS SQUARE. 
 (Riddarhuset in background). 
 
 Continuing south to "Slussen" (The Locks), we come to 
 the Square of Charles XIV. (Karl Johans Torg) with the eques- 
 trian statue of Charles XIV., who, before his adoption by the 
 Swedish King, Charles XIII., was Bernadotte, the famous field 
 marshal of Napoleon, and who became the father and founder 
 of the present dynasty. He accomplished the union of Norway 
 with Sweden, encouraged free commerce, and did much toward 
 the construction of the Gotha Canal. (See p. 39). 
 
 In Riddarhus Square, in front of Riddarhuset, stands 
 the statue of Gustaviis I., or Giistavus Vasa, as he is frequently 
 called, the founder of the Vasa Dynasty. He was the young 
 and brave nobleman who delivered Sweden from the Danish 
 yoke of oppression and bloody tyrany. Gustavus was hiding in 
 Grippsholm Castle when the Stockholm Blood Bath broke out, 
 but on hearing of his father's execution, he fled to the remote 
 province of Dalecarlia, where he was hunted by the Danes for 
 about a year, but at last he raised an army of Dalecarlian pea- 
 sants, made war against the intruding Danes, drove them out 
 of the country, and became King of Sweden on June 6th, 1523. 
 
 In the garden on the opposite side of Riddarhuset, stands 
 the statue of Axel Oxensijerna, the famous Prime Minister of 
 Sweden during the reigns of Gustavus Adolphus and his daughter, 
 Queen Christina. He brought about the Bromsebro treaty of 
 peace in 1645, and played a prominent part in the Westphalian 
 treaty of 1648, drew up the Constitution of 1634, made revo- 
 lutionising laws in regard to industry, commerce, and civil eco- 
 nomy, and did many other great deeds. 
 
 On Riddarholmen, close to the Riddarholm Church, 
 stands the statue of Birger Jarl, the founder of Stockholm, who 
 died in the year 1266, and in whose honour the statue was 
 erected in 1854, nearly 600 years after his death. 
 
 In the gardens of Hasselbacken, in Djurg&rden, is a 
 fine statue of Bellman, that genial poet, the Anakreon of Sweden. 
 A quarter of a mile beyond Hasselbacken farther up the park, 
 under some venerable oaks stands a large bust of the poet, 
 
 40 
 
CHURCHES. 
 
 Slorkyrkan (St. Nicolai Church), is the oldest church in Stockholm. It lies near the south-west corner of -the Palace. 
 Here the Kings and Queens of Sweden are crowned. A few steps to the south is Si. Gertrude s Church, partly destroyed 
 by fire in 1878, and since then restored. 
 
 Si. Catherine's Church on the South Side is an architectural curiosity. It is built in the form of a Greek cross, 
 and in the centre, with no other support than the arches of the roof, is a large tower. Si. Clara's and Si. Johns Churches 
 are handsome edifices, the last-named quite new.' Si. Jacob's Church is located next- door to the new Opera, with only a 
 
 narrow street between. It is a hand- 
 some old church with restored interior 
 decorations and a very fine old portal. 
 The Gusidvus Adolphus Chjcrch is a 
 short distance to the east of the city. 
 
 The English Church in Wallin- 
 gatan is a tasteful structure of red 
 sandstone. Divine service with sermon 
 in English is held here every Sunday 
 at 1 1 A. H. and at 6 p. m. 
 
 Besides the above-named chur- 
 ches, there are two Roman Catholic 
 chapels, — St. Eugenia's Chapel in Norra 
 Smedjegatan, oirly a few steps from 
 Hamngatan, and St. Eric's Chapel on 
 the South Side; the latter, the Bishop's 
 church, being quite new. Low mass 
 is celebrated every day in both chapels 
 at seven and eight o'clock in the morn- 
 ing, and on Sunday mornings at eight 
 o'clock in St. Eric's, and seven and 
 nine o'clock in St. Eugenia's; high 
 mass with sermon every Sunday morn- 
 ing at eleven o'clock in both chapels. 
 
 There is also a Greek Church 
 and several fine chapels belonging to 
 different sects. 
 
 .»^J. ''"''(I 
 
 r 
 
 THE INTERIOR OF THE ENGLISH CHURCH. 
 
 THE EXTERIOR OF THE ENGLISH CHURCH. 
 
 41 
 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Sweden has a world-wide fame for its thorough and practically conducted schools and universities, there being two 
 universities, one in Upsala and one in Lund. In Stockholm there are three colleges, Stockholm's hogskola (nearly equivalent 
 to a university), the Karolinska Medical and Surgical College, and the Polytechnic College; the Royal Academy of Liberal 
 Arts, the Academy of Music, the Academies of Agriculture and Arboriculture, military and nautical academies, the Pharma- 
 ceutic Institute, the Veterinary Institute, four high schools, three five-form grammar schools, and a seven-form common 
 school in every parish, besides a seminary for female teachers, several schools for girls, technical schools, gymnastic 
 schools, sloyd-schools, the Manilla Deaf 
 and Dumb School and its seminary for 
 teachers, Tysta Skolan (also for deaf and 
 dumb), a school for blind people, a school 
 for idiots, and many private schools of 
 different kinds. 
 
 The Common Schools are ex- 
 ceptionally good, and have palatial school- 
 houses, well lighted and well ventilated, 
 and supplied with all modern appliances. 
 The system of instruction used at these 
 schools is universally admitted to be ex- 
 cellent. According to the latest edition 
 of Hickmann's "Geografisch-statisticher 
 Taschen Atlas," only 0.6 percent, of the 
 inhabitants of Sweden are unable to read, 
 in contrast to 1.4 percent, in the Ger- 
 man Empire and 14 percent, in Eng- 
 land. This speaks well for Sweden and 
 for Swedish common schools. In these 
 schools instruction is given in Christian 
 doctrine, Swedish, writing, arithmetic, 
 geometry, geography, history, elementary 
 natural science, singing, drawing, gymnas- 
 tics, and sloyd; the latter being optional. 
 
 In the year 1893, there were 
 705.905 common-school pupilsand 13,448 c. Lidman, phot. the st. mary-s common school. 
 
 43 
 
regular common-school teachers besides 845 who taught sloyd and other similar branches, while the total population of 
 Sweden that year was only 4,824,150. By these figures we see that the instruction of the poorer classes is not neglected 
 in Sweden. Children are generally sent to the common schools during eight years, from their eighth to their fifteenth year, 
 
 but if extreme poverty makes it impos- 
 sible to give them so long a course of 
 education, they may leave school earlier 
 if they can pass an examination in 
 Christian doctrine, reading, writing, the 
 four elementary rules of arithmetic, and 
 singing of hymns. Regular teachers in 
 common schools are provided with a pen- 
 sion of 75 percent, of their salary when 
 they are 55 years old and have taught 
 at least 30 years, or earlier if disabled 
 by incurable disease, and at their death, 
 their widows and children are given a 
 pension of from £ 8 to £ 1 7 per year. 
 There are seminaries for instructing 
 common-school teachers, one of which is 
 situated in Stockh()lm. The courses at 
 these seminaries embrace four years, and 
 enclude, besides the common branches, 
 pedagogics and methodics. Sweden has 
 also 25 higher common schools or agri- 
 cultural schools. 
 
 The High Schools in Stock- 
 holm have seven forms, the two highest 
 covering two years each. Thus it takes 
 Frediika Gimberg, phot. THE ST. JOHN'S COMMON SCHOOL. Inline ycars to go through ouc of these 
 
 schools, and the final examination en- 
 titles the pupil to matriculate at the 
 
 university. In the fourth form and upwards, the pupils are divided into two lines or courses, the Latin and the "rear . 
 In the sixth form, the Latin course is divided into Liiie A, encluding both Latin and Greek, and Line B, in which 
 English is studied instead of Greek. 'f 
 
 44 
 
The school-year embraces 36 weeks divided into two terms. The weekly number of school-hours varies from 27 
 to 32, besides the time used in singing, gymnastic exercises, and chapel. 
 
 The subjects studied at these schools are: Christian doctrine, Swedish, Latin, Greek, German, English, French, his- 
 tory, geography, psychology, logic, mathematics, natural sciences, writing, and drawing, besides gymnastic and military exer- 
 cises, and optional sloyd. 
 
 There are two categories of regular teachers at the high schools, — lectors and adjuncts. The lectors must all be 
 doctors from one of the universities, but the adjuncts are only required to be graduates. Before either lectors or adjuncts 
 are accepted, they must teach a whole year on trial under the supervision of an experienced master. 
 
 The sloyd is a great factor in Swedish pedagogics and the masters in this branch must all take a course of in- 
 struction at the world-renowned Sloyd Seminary at Nails, in south-western Sweden. Three different kinds of sloyd are taught 
 in the Stockholm schools, — wood-sloyd, pasteboard-sloyd, and metal-sloyd. Tourists especially interested in this system of 
 training, may gain permission to see how it is carried on in Stockholm by applying to the sloyd inspector of the common schools. 
 
 THEATRES. 
 
 There are no less than five theatres in Stockholm besides the Royal Opera and the Royal Dramatic. The two 
 latter are very good, and a new Opera Building is nearly finished. The Swedes are excellent singers by nature and the 
 Swedish language is especially suitable for song, in addition to which the artists at the Opera have all had an excellent 
 training abroad. The Royal Dramatic artists are much renowned for their beautiful and distinct pronunciation. 
 
 SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 
 
 In Sweden sports and pastimes are divided into two categories, — those suitable for summer and those suitable for 
 winter. To the former belong sailing, swimming, rowing, bicycling, and foot-journeys; to the latter belong skating, skate- 
 sailing, snowshoeing, and sliding on the "sparkstoi/ing,'" a skeleton sledge peculiar to Sweden. Thus we see that Stock- 
 holm offers a varying programme of sports and pastimes, hardly to be equalled in any other country. 
 
 SUMMER. 
 
 That the Baltic and Lake Miilar afford a perfect paradise for those interested in rowing and sailing, is c|uite 
 clear. These large expanses of water, with their picturesque island scenery and with their bays, inlets, and sounds, give 
 an oi^portunity for the most ideal sailing for weeks at a time without any fear of dullness or sameness. Summer in the 
 
 45 
 
North is also specially adapted to the convenience of the sportsman and the pleasure-seeker. The air is mild, but not 
 hot, and there is practically no night. It is never really dark in Stockholm from the middle of May till the middle of 
 August, and the nights are so cool and refreshing, so calm and peaceful, that one can hardly bear to go to bed. 
 
 Sailing and rowing are the oldest of Stockholm sports, and may be traced back into the dim Viking ages. The 
 narrow sounds and straits so plentiful both in the Baltic archipelago and Lake Malar, have much encouraged the use and 
 improvement of small craft, and the Stockholm Sailing and Yachting Club can show many fine types of this kind of 
 vessels; but yachts of twenty tons' burden and over are not so plentiful. Almost every Sunday during the summer, there 
 are races between the different sailing clubs, among which the most eminent are the Swedish, the Lidingo, and the Vax- 
 holm Clubs. The races themselves are generally triangular. Distance races also take place, but seldom exceed sixty or 
 seventy English miles. 
 
 The Yacht Races of Svenska Segelsallskapet take place annually on the first Sunday in August on 
 Kanholms Fjard in the Stockholm archipelago. This is a great fete for the lover of sailing. When the races are ended, 
 and the fleet returns to Stockholm in the evening, the shores and the villas along the ship-channel are illuminated with 
 thousands of torches, and every villa-owner takes pride in thus paying homage to this jiopular sailing-sport. Rockets and 
 squibs intersect the air in all directions, and from the fleet of yachts and from the escorting steamers, peel the strains of 
 military music. If the evening is fine, all this forms a lively and impressive scene which is quite unique. 
 
 There are two types of boats peculiar to the Stockholm archipelago; one of them is the sku/a, a spacious, two- 
 masted boat carrying an enormous mainsail. The archipelago skuta is mostly used for freight, but is a very good sailor 
 and especially adapted for tacking before the wind, since it is broad-beamed and of small draught. Another charac- 
 teristic boat is the skdlbat, — the fishing-boat of the archipelago, — a long, narrow vessel, which sails splendidly, and is a 
 very good sea-going boat. 
 
 Rowing, as a sport, has not become fully developed in Stockholm until the beginning of the present decennium, 
 but it has, nevertheless, already become quite popular, and has worked great improvements in the construction of pleasure- 
 boats. Stockholm has a great many rowing-clubs, the most prominent of which are Stockholm's Rowing Society and the 
 Malar Rowing Club, both of which exclusively use outriggers, while others use pleasure-boats. The surroundings of Stock- 
 holm, and in fact the whole of Sweden, is a perfect Eldorado for the canoe-man, for he can traverse the most beautiful 
 part of the country on the network of rivers and lakes extending their long arms in every direction. 
 
 Swimming-shows are another characteristic of Stockholm. During the summer, bathing and swimming are con- 
 sidered two of the daily occupations of the Stockholmians ; and the city encourages these healthful recreations in every possible 
 way, providing all the school-children with tickets to the great bathing-houses, which at certain hours simply swarm with 
 children. For the poor workman, daily toil is lightened by giving him an opportunity of bathing night and morning for 
 the nominal fee of five ore, or less than a penny. Stockholms Bad- och Sirneiablisstment , the largest bathing-house in town, 
 has a very central and advantageous situation on the bridge leading from the Central Station to Riddarholmen. It is in 
 the middle of the outlet of Lake Malar, and is consequently constantly supplied with flowing, fresh water. It has a very 
 
 46 
 
fine exterior, the basins are large and deep, and it is supplied with high towers and good spring-boards. The best time 
 to visit this bathing-house is between one and four o'clock, when both the gentlemen's and the ladies' departments are 
 filled to the last place. Suddenly one of the teachers admonishes the bathers to make room for a diver, and those below 
 the spring-board hurry out of the way, a white figure comes rushing out on the spring-board, takes a wild leap into the 
 air, turns several somersaults, and dives into the water. In Stockholm there are very few young persons who cannot swim, 
 and one frequently even sees silver heads among the swimmers. There are several swimming-shows during the summer, 
 but the great show comes off in August. This is one of the sights of Stockholm, and its equal can hardly be seen else- 
 where in the world. The great, deep basin is filled with lookers-on, and outside the bathing-house are enormous crowds 
 of people eager to see, at least, ihe shadoiv of a diver as he shoots through the air. The show begins by giving Jubilee- 
 master wreaths to those who passed their examination in swimming fifty years ago. They are venerable old gentlemen 
 that form a circle around the promotor, who is always a prominent member of the Society. Then the candidates for the 
 degree of "swimming-master" show their skill, and are rewarded with wreathes of oak and willow leaves. Finally comes 
 the examination of male and female swimmers. Many of the ladies are just as clever in diving as the gentlemen, and 
 thundering applause greets their daring leaps and skillful maneuvers in the water. 
 
 Athletic Contests. — These take place very frequently ni different places and under the supervision of different 
 societies. Among the various kinds of sport represented at these contests, may be mentioned springing, jumpimg (both 
 with and without hurdles), wrestling, tug-of-war, sledge-throwing, putting the shot, tossing the caber, bow-and-arrow shoot- 
 ing, spear-throwing, etc., besides gymnastic contests according to the Swedish gymnastic sy.stem, and fencing of different 
 kinds. There is a large athletic park (IdrollsparkenJ in Valhallavagen, where all kinds of sport-contests are held. 
 
 Horse Races are held every spring and autumn on the splendid racing ground in Ladug§,rdsgardet, the undulat- 
 ing plain just north of the city limits which is used as a military drilling-ground. 
 
 Horse Shows are held every spring, at which prizes are awarded to the finest horses and equipages. Prize- 
 riding also occurs at these horse-shows and all Stockholm comes to them to see and be seen. 
 
 WINTER. 
 
 Winter does not really commence in Stockholm before Christmas; December is only a transition from the dark, 
 dismal autumn to the cold, fresh northern winter, which is most severe in January and February, but continues almost 
 uninterrupted till the beginning of April. Before Christmas, however, there is now and then a snow-shower, the ground is 
 frozen, and the smooth expanses of ice draw large crowds of children and adults to the skating-rinks. Between Christmas 
 and New Year's Day, the north wind comes with real winter. All at once the thermometer sinks to 12 or 15 degrees 
 (Centigrade), the air becomes clear, the nights are cold, biting cold, and the wind ceases to blow. All the streams and 
 bays, and sounds are now covered with a thin crust of transparent green ice. Woolen merchants and furriers begin to 
 be overwhelmed with commerce; the people in the street take a quicker pace, and their breath resembles smoke as it 
 
 48 
 
puffs out of their mouth and nostrils. The youths, who are enjoying their Christmas holidaj's, hurry to Nybroviken or 
 some of the other natural skating rinks, which now present a very lively picture ; and in the shops of the dealers in sporting- 
 articles, there is an enormous demand for skates and snow-shoes. Finally the snow comes down in earnest, clouds cover 
 the sky, which now takes on a dull leaden colour. First only a few large flakes fall slowly and gracefully, but the air is 
 soon completely filled with snow-crystals, enveloping everything in a veil of white. The snow-fall still continues, and all un- 
 even places are smoothed over with 
 the immaculate mantle; waggons 
 and equipages have disappeared 
 as if by magic and given place 
 to sledges with their tinkling bells. 
 But the North Stream is still seath- 
 ing and foaming, and it must be 
 a very severe winter that can fetter 
 these turbulent rapids, and even 
 then, not till the waters of the 
 Baltic have risen to almost the 
 level of those in Lake Malar. 
 
 The same bays and inlets 
 and sounds that afforded such fiire 
 sailing and rowing during the sum- 
 mer are now transformed into 
 skating-rinks; the same hills that 
 during the summer were covered 
 with verdure and flowers, making 
 the most ideal landscape for the 
 pencil of the artist, are now 
 changed into toboggan and snowshoe 
 
 ,. 1 T-u • 1 u 1 ■ i SKATE-SAILERS AT SALTSJOBADEN. 
 
 slides, ihe rmk belongmg to the 
 Stockholm General Skating Club, 
 
 lies on the North Side, near the Grand Hotel. It is one of the largest and best rinks in the world, and is greatly praised 
 by all champion skaters visiting Stockholm. It is open not only to the members of the Club, but also to the public. On 
 the outside of the inner rink, there is a special racing-course, on which all the skating-races in Stockholm have taken 
 place except that of 1894. There is also a public skating-rink between Riddarholmen and the South Side, besides one 
 near the bridge leading over to Kungsholmen, and one on the sound between Djurgarden and the mainland, not to speak 
 of the small rinks improvised in most of the school-yards. One of the most attactive pleasures that Stockholm off"ers the 
 
 49 
 
skater is the "distance skating." In the early part of the winter, before the snow falls, the large expanses of ice on Lake 
 Malar and the Baltic are smooth as glass, thus allowing the skater an almost unlimited field. Here and there we see 
 white sails skimming over the ice; some of them do not seem to be attached to anything, but glide along like birds; 
 
 they are the skate-sails, which completely 
 hide the skater on the windward side; 
 others are the sails of ice-yachts. The 
 art of skating is highly developed in 
 Stockholm, and Nature seems to favour 
 it by preparing vast rinks of clear 
 smooth ice. 
 
 SnOWShoeing, which for a 
 long time lay dormant, is now becoming 
 very popular, thanks be to the "Society 
 for the Promotion of Snowshoeing in 
 Sweden." It is now one of the most liked 
 and most healthful winter pastimes. From 
 the north part of Sweden and from Fin- 
 land, great quantities of snowshoes are 
 imported yearly, and find a ready market 
 in Stockholm. In snowshoeing, the Swedes 
 are experts, and the Swedish snowshoe 
 is quite unique, consisting of a narrow 
 strip of board about five inches wide 
 and an inch thick in the middle, and 
 from six to nine feet long. It is much 
 thinner and narrower towards the ends, 
 and the front end runs out into a tip- 
 tilted point. At the annual snowshoeing 
 competitions, there is an opportunity of 
 seeing some almost incredible feats, such 
 
 as sliding with lightning speed down the steepest hills and taking leaps of 20 to 30 yards through the air in so doing. 
 
 The "sparkstdtting^' is also something quite peculiar to Sweden. It is a long skeleton of a sledge. To use the 
 "sparksldtting" properly, you stand with one foot on one of the runners, hold on to the handles, and push the sledge along 
 with the other foot. 
 
 Dahlgren, phot. 
 
 SNOWSHOEING AT SALTSJOBADEN. 
 
 50 
 
Fr. (j. Klcmming, phof. 
 
 DROTTNINGHOLM PALACE. 
 
EXCURSIONS ON LAKE MALAR. 
 
 Lake Malar extends inland nearly seventy-eight English miles west from Stockholm. This large body uf water 
 is cut up into a thousand bays, winding their tortuous way in all directions north and south, and studded with 1,300 
 large and small islands. Its deeply indented shores are lined with towns, villages, hamlets, churches, ruins, chateaux, 
 old strong-holds, modern villas, farms, and meadows, alternating with huge masses of rock, wild and silent forests and 
 limpid rivers; while its waters are ploughed by steamers and sailing-vessels on their way to and from Stockholm and the 
 Baltic parts beyond. No less than one hundred and six churches on its shores and islands, can be counted from the deck 
 of a steamer making a tour round the lake. I think it is one of the most interesting and beautiful lakes in the world. 
 
 DrottningholmS Slott (Queens 
 Island's Chateau). — This is the name of 
 a Royal Chateau situated on Lofon, an 
 islaird in Lake Malar, about thirty-five 
 minutes from Stockholm by steamer. 
 Here the present King and Queen spend 
 a part of nearly every summer. The 
 Chateau itself is an imposing white struc- 
 ture of very considerable dimensions, 
 built in the latter part of the seventeenth 
 century by Queen Hedvig Eleonora, and 
 its interior is very beautiful and costly; 
 the wide and lofty vestibule, with its 
 double staircase, its sculptures and fres- 
 coes, being a masterpiece of Tessin the 
 younger. The Palace faces a little cove 
 of Lake Malar, whose sparkling waves 
 break only a few yards from its white 
 walls. The surrounding park, which 
 stretches out on both sides and back of 
 the palace, has a good fountain; and, 
 here and there, dotted about among the 
 trees, are marble statues. Two fine ave-' 
 nues of lime-trees run from the rear to 
 a wooded hill on whose top a white 
 
 Fr. G. Klemming, phot. 
 
 PARK AT DROTTNINGHOLWl. 
 
 52 
 
 marble image of the goddess Flora peej^s 
 out through the light green foliage. 
 
Bengt Orling, phot. THE OSCAR HALL IN DROTTNINGHOLM PALACE. 
 
The steamer to Drottningholm starts from Riddarholmen, not far from the Upsala boat, and, beginning early in 
 the morning, makes a trip every hour during the day. If the roads are in good condition and it is fine weather, a drive 
 to Drottningholm in an open carriage may be preferred. It is only about six English miles. 
 
 Gripsholm Castle.-^ A visit 
 
 to Stockholm would surely be very in- 
 complete without making an excursion 
 to this grand old monument of the past, 
 — this ancient stronghold of the Vasa 
 Kings, — which has played such a pro- 
 minent part in Swedish history. It lies 
 just on the outskirts of a little town 
 called Mariefred, only about four hours 
 by steamer (about 36 English miles) from 
 Stockholm, and, besides its historical in- 
 terest, is well worth the trouble of visit- 
 ing, both on account of its unique archi- 
 tecture and its valuable collection of oil- 
 ])()rtraits of the Royal and great of by- 
 gone days; to say nothing of its extremely 
 picturesque situation, the lovely views to 
 be had from the lofty windows of its 
 massive towers, and the charming lake- 
 scenery through which the steamer passes 
 on its way thither. We leave Riddar-* 
 holmen in Stockholm early in the morn- 
 ing and after passing between the Scylla 
 and Charybdis of Marieberg and L&ng- 
 holmen, — cartridge factory and state pri- 
 son, we enter the ever varying and 
 everywhere romantic panorama of Lake 
 Millar's island labyrinth. We have just 
 
 been admiring the rapidly receding Capital, with its high cliffs on the South Side, its mansion-covered slope on the Noith 
 and, on a group pf islands in the middle, "Old Stockholm," with its venerable palace and three church-spires; but now 
 the city is hidden from our view by a projecting point, and we devote our whole attention to the beauties of nature. 
 We glide past one summer villa after another, winding in and out among wood-covered heights, which in some places rise 
 
 E. Lindmark, phot. 
 
 GRIPSHOLM CASTLE. 
 
 54 
 
almost perpendicularly from the water's edge. The sombre foliage of the fir is enlivened by the beautiful light green of 
 the birch, while here and there the weather-beaten face of an immense rock protrudes to give a wild grandeur to the 
 scene. Thus the four hours pass quickly and happily, and we almost feel sorry that this enchanting journey is not twice 
 as long. If preferred, this trip may be made by rail, but the steamer is surely more enjoyable in summer. 
 
 The original stronghold of Gripsholm was built on the site of the present castle by a great man called Bo Jonsson, 
 in 1380 and probably got its name from the picture of a griffin (Swedish: grip) being emblazoned on its founder's escut- 
 cheon; but this castle was burnt in 1434, and the Gripsholm Castle of to-day was built by Gustavus I. year 1537. It 
 then lay on an island and was approached by a draw-bridge which spanned the narrow channel of water separating it 
 from the mainland. 
 
 This old castle has undergone many changes during all these centuries, — it has been the head quarters of the 
 Court, it has been the property of a Cartusian monastery and has even been leased as a simple agricultural and indus- 
 trial estate, it has been provincial, state, and Royal or political prison; it has resounded with the laughter and music 
 of the gay Court, it has treasured up the groans and sighs of prisoners of all ranks from the lowest criminal up to Duke 
 Johan and his brother King Eric XIV. The castle has been improved, increased in size, changed in shape, and so on 
 till it is to-day quite a combination of the different styles of architecture which have been in vogue since it was first 
 founded. It contains ig8 rooms, and its collection of 1,700 oil-portraits is the greatest in Europe. Among these multi- 
 tudes of portraits at Gripsholm, we even find Queen Elizabeth, Cromwell, Henry VIII., Mary Stuart, etc. 
 
 Besides the portraits at Gripsholm, there are many fine pieces of antique furniture and other curiosities, some of 
 which are of great value. 
 
 The poetic traveller should see Gripsholm by moonlight. Sir Walter Scott says: 
 
 "If thou would'st view fair RTelrose aright, 
 Go visit it by the pale moonlight," 
 
 and this may be said with equal truth of Gripsholm's Castle. 
 
 Upsala via Sigtuna and SkoklOSter. — There is a first-class railway from Stockholm to Upsala, but I think 
 most travellers will prefer the cool deck of the steamer to the hot, dusty, stuffy compartments of the railway carriage, 
 especially if the great beaut}' and charms of the lake scenery are taken at all into consideration. If you get enough of 
 the lake on your way to Upsala, then you can return by train in the cool of evening, and thus you will be able not 
 only to compare the scenery of the two routes, but also to see Sigtuna and Skokloster, which the railway does not touch. 
 
 We take the steamer (as usual in making excursions on Lake Malar) at Riddarbolmen, early in the morning and 
 take the same course as when going to Drottningholm until we nearly reach that place; but then the steamer turns a 
 little to the right, leaving an island of considerable extent between us and Drottningholm, goes slowly through a draw in 
 a floating-bridge; giving us a glimpse of Drottningholm Palace, then glides on in a north-north-easterly direction through 
 
 55 
 
scenery similar to that on the way to Gripsholm; and after about two hours, during which time we have gone under a 
 swinging railway bridge and passed the Chateau of Lennartnas, once owned by Lennart Torstensson, one of the greatest 
 heroes of the Thirty Years' War, and the ruins of the Castle, Almare-staket, within whose walls the Upsala Archbishop, 
 Gustavus Trolle, long defied Sten Sture, we turn to the left between high, densely wooded hills and enter Tarn Sund, the 
 most picturesque part of the trip. Straight before us the old town of Sigtuna lies sleepily on its sunny hillside. This is 
 the oldest city of central Sweden, and was formerly one of the richest and most prosperous towns in the kingdom, with 
 
 many churches, cloisters, and guilds; but it is now only a shadow 
 of its former self, with but 650 inhabitants. It was destroyed by 
 the Esthonian vikings in their great incursion of 1 1 8 1 . They 
 carried away, as part of their spoils, two massive silver doors, 
 taken from the choir of one of the churches, and these doors, it 
 is said, now adorn a church in Novgorod, Russia. There is little 
 left of interest in Sigtuna except the church-ruins, which are well 
 worth seeing. The Bishop of Swealand once resided in Sigtuna 
 and saga tells of a still more ancient Sigtuna, the "For-Sigtuna" 
 or prehistoric Sigtuna. 
 
 Further on we see the four towers and grey walls of Sko- 
 kloster peeping forth from among the fir-trees. This is an im- 
 posing chateau erected in 1649 by Field-Marshal Charles Gustavus 
 Wrangel, near the former site of an ancient cloister belonging to 
 the Cistercian nuns from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century. 
 It was handed down from Wrangel to his son-in-law, Nils Brahe, 
 and is still the property of the Brahe family. The builder, Charles 
 Gustavus Wrangel, filled the chateau with spoils from the Thirty 
 Axel Lindahl, phot. SKOKLOSTER. Ycars' War, and this, in addition to a beautiful and very valuable 
 
 collection of portraits, a rare armoury containing, among other in- 
 teresting objects, the shield of Charles the Great, and a grand library of 25,000 volumes, makes Skokloster one of the 
 most interesting museums in Sweden. 
 
 Proceeding on our way past Skokloster, we enter a larger expanse of water, with beautiful shores, and with hand- 
 some farms, villages, and churches in the distance; then pass through a draw-bridge into the Fyris River, up which we 
 steam for six or seven miles until we reach our destination at 2 p. m., after a charming trip of five hours. The landscape 
 on both sides of the river as we approach Upsala, looks rich and fruitful. On our left, about three miles from the city 
 is a handsome wooded ridge on whose top the Ultuna Agricultural Institute is situated, and a little further on, loom up 
 the pink walls of the Governor's Palace and the twin spires of the grand Cathedral. To our right we have a large plain, 
 — almost a prarie, — with several churches and the grave-mounds of Gamla Upsala visible in the distance. 
 
 56 
 
Sweden has two state universities, — one at Upsala and one at Lund in southern Sweden, but the former is the 
 older, larger, and more celebrated of the two. Upsala is a city of about 22,000 inhabitants, besides the students, who 
 number about 1,650, a little over half as many as at Cambridge. The university, which was founded by Sten Sture in 
 1477, fifteen years before Columbus discovered America, ranks among the finest in the world. It has 36 professors, 23 
 assistant professors, and 67 other instructors, and confers the doctor's degree in theology, jurisprudence, philosophy, and 
 medicine. Its library, which is as large as that of Cambridge, contains many very rare and valuable books, manuscripts, 
 and charts. On entering the university, the student is bound to join one of the thirteen "nations" or societies, taking 
 their names from the different provinces of Sweden, and each society has its own building or rooms and its distinctive 
 flag or standard. The students in Sweden all wear white velvet caps during the warmer half of the year and in this 
 season the streets of a Swedish university town are absolutely speckled with white. 
 
 Upsala is also noted for its being the seat of the archbishop and the residence city of the governor of the pro- 
 vince of Upland. The Governor's Palace is a grand old pile on the top of an imposing hill overlooking the whole town, 
 and the Cathedral is the finest in Sweden and can advantageously be compared with any in the world. It has lately 
 undergone a very expensive and thorough restoration. The University Building is quite new and is beautifully situated, 
 near the Cathedral. In front of the University Building is the "Gustavianum," a very interesting zoological museum, and 
 a few steps to the south is the "Carolina Rediviva," the above mentioned university library. Behind the University Building 
 and the "Carolina Rediviva" are the Carolina Park and the beautiful Cemetery, and to the south of these and behind the 
 Governor's Palace are the Botanic Gardens with their greenhouses. At the foot of the hill on which the Governor's Palace 
 stands, is a beautiful swan-pond and beside it, a celebrated cafe in a fine park, where an orchestra plays in the summer. 
 Passing this cafe, which is a favourite resort of the students, there is a much frequented promenade running along the 
 banks of the river for about half an English mile. There is also a pretty liitle park on the other side of the river beside 
 the railway station. In one corner of this park is a small but well managed theatre where actors from the Royal Opera 
 and Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm often play during the summer when the Stockholm theatres are closed. 
 
 The students at Upsala are nearly all excellent singers and a choir of them took the first prize at the World's 
 E.xposition in Paris, 1867. 
 
 The new University Building, completed in 1886, has a plain exterior, but its interior is at the same time so 
 practical and elegant that it may deserve a short description here. 
 
 On entering, you find yourself in a lofty vestibule, lighted from domes in the ceiling. Seven marble steps lead up 
 from the tiled vestibule floor to a spacious landing, from both ends of which a broad stair-case leads up to the second 
 storey. Ascending these steps, you have straight before you a beautiful, large portal which leads to the aula, a grand 
 semicircular hall with ample galleries and a large platform, and capable of seating 2,500 people. Over this portal are 
 printed in gold letters the following lines by Thorild. 
 
 "Tanka fritt ar stort, 
 
 Men tanka ratt ar storre." * 
 
 * "To think free is great, but to think right is greater." 
 
 58 
 
A. Larsson, phot. 
 
 PROCESSION OF STUDENTS AT UPSALA UNIVERSITY. 
 
Into the grand vestibule open no less than forty-nine halls, lecture-rooms, and faculty-rooms. Of these the con- 
 sislorintii , or council chamber of the faculty, is the finest and most sumptuously decorated. 
 
 The "Carolina Rediviva" or University Library is well worth visiting, even if you do not care to consult any ot 
 its multitude of valuable books, for there are many literary curiosities to be seen there. The greatest of these is, without 
 doubt, the "Codex Argenieus" captured in the Thirty Years' War. It contains the four Gospels in the Gothic language, 
 and is said to be the only book in the world written in this tougue. Max Miiller once said that "To come to Upsala and 
 not see the 'Codex Argenteus,' would be like going to the Holy Land without seeing the Holy Grave." This valuable 
 old volume is made of a purplish kind of parchment or vellum, and the letters are of silver with prominent words and 
 initials in gold. It is not known how the lettering has been done, but it is supposed that each separate letter was stamped 
 on to the parchment with a hot iron; some think that the letters were cut out of silver foil and then cemented fast. In 
 the same library, there are several Chinese maps which, it is said, would have been of great use to Columbus in his voyages 
 of discovery. 
 
 The Cathedral is the most imposing and largest church in Sv\'eden. It is 359 feet long on the inside and from 
 103 to 136 feet wide. It is 113 feet to the ridge of the roof, and the Gothic spires are nearly 400 feet high. On 
 entering, the first thing that attracts you is the lofty nave with its two rows of pillars forming a vista filled up at the 
 farther end by the artistic altar and the spacious apse behind it. Before you have gone many steps, you tread upon a 
 large slab in the floor bearing an inscription to the commemoration of the immortal Swedish botanist, Linnaeus. Opening 
 into the isles on either side of the nave, are family grave-chapels or mausoleums containing the sarcophagi of the departed 
 great. These chapels are not dark, dismal crypts, but well lighted rooms, and it is very interesting to wander at leisure 
 from one to the other reading the Latin inscriptions on the memorial tablets. But the very heart of the Cathedral is the 
 little shrine behind the altar, where the bones of St. Eric, the patron saint of Sweden, are preserved in a gold-plated 
 silver case, covered with an iron grating. The apse behind the altar is devoted to the memory of Gustavus Vasa, the first 
 of the noble line of Vasa Kings. The walls of the chapel are frescoed with paintings representing scenes from his life, 
 and in the middle of the chapel is the sarcophagus containing tlie remains of this great king and his two queens, with 
 prostrate marble images of these royal persons. 
 
 A stone's throw to the north of the Cathedral, is the Spring of St. Eric, which saga says welled up on the very 
 spot where the martyred King's blood was spilt in i 1 60. 
 
 Those interested in archeology, should not miss taking an excursion to the Kungshogar (Kings' Barrows) of Gamla 
 Upsala. They are styled by some as the "Pyramids of Sweden." There are three chief barrows, bearing the names, Odin, 
 Thor, and Frey. They are 58 feet high, 225 feet in diameter, and stand near each other in a line running l^early north- 
 east and south-west, the barrow of Odin being the northernmost and largest of the three. The mounds of Odin and Frey 
 have been thoroughly explored. Near the center of each was found the charred bones of the king who was buried there' 
 ages ago, together with fragments of gold and bronze ornaments, glass vessels, and the bones of horses, dogs, and other 
 animals, all burnt on the same grand funeral pyre. A little to the north-east of tlie mound of Odin is another mound 
 called Tingshog ("Parliament Mound"'j which is in form like a truncated cone, with a large, flat area on top, on which 
 
 60 
 
A. Lindahl, phot. 
 
 GRAVE-MOUNDS OR BARROWS AT GAMLA UPSALA lOLD UPSALA). 
 
 the great open-air Viking parliament used to have its sessions, and where, from prehistoric times down to Gustavus Vasa, 
 the Swedish kings were wont to address their subjects. A similar hill, called Tyndwall Hill is still used for the same 
 purpose on the Isle of Man. The coincidence is, however, not at all wonderful, when we remember that the Isle of Man 
 was taken by the Northmen in the latter part of the ninth century, and held by them for over three hundred and fifty 
 years; but it does seem rather strange that the ancient Viking custom of holding the parliament in the open air should 
 still exist in the Isle of Man, long centuries after it has disappeared from Scandinavia, where it originated. 
 
 EXCURSIONS IN THE BALTIC ARCHIPELAGO. 
 
 On these excursions, one is borne along as in a dream, over the glassy, deep-blue waters of the Baltic, as the 
 steamer winds its way between the fir-clad islands, naked, glacier-worn rocks, and islets luxuriant in the light-green foliage 
 of the birch, past beautiful little villas, nestling in their framework of fresh verdure, past frowning fortesses and deserted 
 earth-works, past villages, flourishing estates and farms, through narrow sounds whose perpendicular banks rise from the 
 very side of the steamer, across broad expanses of water, and at last steaming out upon the open Baltic. 
 
 6i 
 
Fr. G. Klemming, phot. 
 
 VIEW OF SALTSJOBADEN. 
 
These are the varying pictures that unroll before the tourist who takes an excursion in the Bahic arcliipelago. 
 It much resembles, but far exceeds, in its wondrous beauty, a trip among the Thousand Island of the St. Lawrence. 
 
 The most frequented of the summer-resorts in this beautiful archipelago are the following: 
 
 Saltsjobaden (Salt Sea Baths), on 
 the shores of Baggensfjarden a broad expanse 
 of water in the Baltic archipelago, is a very 
 popular watering-place about ten miles south- 
 east of Stockholm. It can be reached either 
 by rail or by steamer, the latter being a 
 most charming trip through Skurusund and 
 Baggensstaket and across Baggensfjarden. The 
 situation of this resort is delightful, the estate 
 belonging to the establishment contains about 
 3,500 acres, diversified by hills and val- 
 leys, and owing to the fir-woods, the air is 
 bracing, sweet, and dry, and has a stimu- 
 lating, beneficial effect on delicate and ner- 
 vous people. 
 
 In founding the institution, the na- 
 tural beauties of the place have been pre- 
 served, and to them have been added every 
 advantage that modern ideas of comfort de- 
 mand. The island is now being garnished 
 with pretty cottages belonging to the wealthy 
 families of Stockholm and the surrounding 
 country. 
 
 The hotel is located on a command- 
 ing eminence, facing the water, with terraces 
 in front, from which a charming view is to 
 be had over the bay. From the spacious 
 
 central hall, a broad flight of stairs leads to the first floor, where there are two beautiful saloons tastefully decorated. The 
 guest-rooms are handsomely furnished and provided with alcoves. Along each storey runs a broad balcony divided into 
 compartments corresponding to the respective rooms. On these balconies, the guests may enjoy the bracing air and the 
 fine landscape. The hotel is lighted throughout with electricity. 
 
 A. Lindahl, phot. 
 
 GRAND HOTEL AT SALTSJOBADEN. 
 
 63 
 
The restaurant is located on a rocky island, which is connected with the mainland by two bridges. From its 
 towers and balconies there is a charming view over the surrounding waters 
 
 The bathing-house, which is connected with the shore by a suspension-bridge said to be the largest in Scandinavia, 
 encludes two large bathing-basins and several small ones for private use and has a separate compartment for ladies. 
 
 On the shore, opposite the bathing-houses, is Miss Clara Smitt's Sanatorium, in which are applied the latest theories 
 of the eminent German scholars and scientists. Dr. Lahman, Professor Winternitz, and Father Kneipp, in regard to diet, 
 
 hygienic baths, natural gymnastics, preparation of food, etc. 
 Miss Smitt has an elegant roomy house in which she lodges 
 such of her patients as need her personal attention, and 
 where she administers various kinds of baths, such as pine- 
 needle baths, steam baths, electric light baths, and aromatic 
 hot-air baths, French and Scotch showers, "bains cosnie- 
 iiques," etc. Those who cannot find quarters in her house 
 are easily accommodated at the hotel, which is only three 
 minutes walk from the Sanatorium. 
 
 When the Swedish Yachting Club has its annual 
 regatta, the yachtsmen make Saltsjobaden their head-quar- 
 ters, and their yachts and many other smart-sailing craft 
 are then anchored in the bay in front of the hotel. 
 
 During winter, when the establishment is also open, 
 sportsmen from every part of Scandinavia meet here for 
 snowshoeing contests. 
 
 Djursholm is a little place which is much vi- 
 sited by Stockholmians. It is reached by the electric rail- 
 way, or by steamer. There is a large chateau and a good 
 restaurant here, and the scenery is romantic. In winter 
 Djursholm is a favourite place for tobogganing, the slides 
 being lit up by electric light. 
 Vaxholm, a little town of about i,6oo inhabitants, is a favourite summer-resort for Stockholmians, and an ex- 
 cursion thither is very agreeable even for the tourist, and affords an excellent opportunity of seeing the picturesque scenery 
 of the archipelago. There are also two large forts here, but the visitor from abroad must be content with admiring the 
 exterior of these strongholds, for no one but Swedish subjects is allowed to enter them. 
 
 Sand ham n is a little custom-station and watering-place on the extreme eastern limits of the Stockholm archipe- 
 lago. There is nothing of special interest to be seen here, except the broad expanse of the open Baltic on the one hand 
 and the maze of islands on the other. 
 
 Justus Cedeiqvist, phot. 
 
 DJURSHOLM CHATEAU. 
 
 64 
 
Wilh. Lange, phot. 
 
 SCENERY NEAR NACKANAS. 
 
 (On the way to Saltyobaden). 
 
FurUSUnd a summer-resort of no small pretensions, 
 and like Sandhamn, lies on the very outskirts of the Stockholm 
 archipelago, but at its north-east limits. It is situated on a large 
 island of about 320 acres forming a grand park exclusively owned 
 by the proprietors of the watering-place, Here we find a fine Society 
 House for the summer-guests, a good restaurant, and a summer 
 theatre. Of all the watering-places in the Stockholm archipelago, 
 Furusund, Saltsjobaden, and Dalaro are the finest. 
 
 DalarO lies on a beautiful island just where the archipe- 
 lago merges into the open Baltic to the south-south-east, and may 
 be reached either by steamer direct from Stockholm, or by train 
 to Saltsjobaden and then by steamer the rest of the way. It has 
 very fine promenades and prospects, and the air is extremely salu- 
 brious. There are two hotels, and a multitude of private lodgings. 
 The most preferable route to Dalaro is by steamer direct from 
 Stockholm, which gives an opportunity of passing through the pic- 
 turesque sound, Skurusund, so widely renowned for its idyllic beauty. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 Grand Hotel faces the rapids and the Royal Palace which lies just across the stream. It is situated between 
 the park Kungstradg^rden and the National Museum. This hotel is nicely furnished and appointed throughout, and its rooms 
 are provided with electric lights and telephones. The cmsine is good, and meals may be had at all hours. Table 
 d'hote dinner from three till seven o'clock. English, French, and German are spoken, and newspapers in these languages 
 are kept in the reading-rooms. Prices range from two kronor and fifty ore to twenty-five kronor per day for single rooms. 
 It is much frecjuented by diplomats and foreign travellers, and enjoys a reputation for providing its guests with every 
 facility for a pleasant and profitable sojourn. The Grand Hotel omnibus meets all trains at the Central Station. 
 
 Hotel Rydberg is in Gustavus Adolphus Square, facing the North Bridge and the Royal Palace. A more convenient 
 situation for an hotel can hardly be imagined ; it lies in the very heart of the city, and both ^tram-car and omnibus pass 
 in front of it. The entire southern facade of the hotel overlooks the Gustavus Adolphus Square, with the rapids, the North 
 Bridge, and the Royal Palace in the fond, the Royal Opera House to the left, and the Palace of the Hereditary Princes 
 to the right. This hotel is elegantly furnished throughout, with electric lights and telephones in all the rooms. The cuisine 
 is first-class, and meals may be had at all hours. The view over the Square and the North Bridge is very fine, and the 
 
 66 
 
Guard Parade passes every day at noon. Prices for single rooms are from two to twenty-five kronor per day. English, 
 French, and German newspapers are on file in the reading-room, and these three languages are spoken by the attendants. 
 The Hotel Rydberg omnibus meets all trains at the Central Station. 
 
 Hotel Continental is 
 
 located in Vasagatan, directly oppo- 
 site the Central Railway Station. The 
 tramway passes its doors, making it 
 convenient for guests to reach every 
 part of the city. The hotel is hand- 
 somely furnished and everything in 
 the house is first-class. It has a 
 restaurant and cafe on the ground- 
 floor, where meals may be procured 
 at all hours. Prices for single rooms 
 run from one krona and fifty iire to 
 eight kronor per day. English, 
 French, and German are spoken by 
 the attendants. On account of its 
 proximity to the principal railway- 
 station, it is very convenient for tra- 
 vellers, particularly for such as make 
 only a short stop in tlie city. 
 
 Hotel Kung Karl is in 
 
 Brunkeberg's Square, one street north 
 of Hotel Rydberg. It is a first-class, 
 handsomely appointed home for the 
 traveller who values cozy comforts 
 and cjuiet surroundings. It is near 
 the business centre as well as the 
 pleasure resorts, and only five or six 
 minutes' walk from the station. Its 
 cuisine and attendance are fiist class 
 
 Bengt Oiling, phot. 
 
 CAFE AT HOTEL RYDBERG. 
 
 English and German spoken. Prices run from one krona and seventy- 
 
 Electric lights, 
 five ore to seven kronor and fifty ore per day. 
 
 The above hotels are first-class, and travellers staying at them may be sure of excellent treatment. The following 
 are smaller hotels, but very good and comfortable. Prices from one krona and fifty ore to seven kronor per day. 
 
 67 
 
Hotel Kung Karls Annex. 13, Regenngsgatan. Hotel d'Angleferre. 6, Drottninggatan. Hotel Skandia. 25, Drottninggatan. Hamburger Bars. 
 ■6, Jakobsgatan. Belfrage's Pensionat and Hotel, 8, Vasagatan. Hotel de Suede. 43, Drottninggatan. Sundin's Hotel. 10, Vasagatan. Hotel Germania, 
 10, Gustavus Adolphus Square. Hotel Bellevue, 12, Gustavus Adolplius Square. ICruse's Pensionat, 52, Klaraljergsgatan. Hotel Ostergotland, 3, Salviigrand. 
 
 RESTAURANTS. 
 
 Stockholm has many excellent res- 
 taurants and cafes where good meals may be 
 l)rocured at any hour of the day, till twelve 
 o'clock at night, except on Sundays, while 
 Divine Service is going on in the churches, 
 between eleven and one at noon and from 
 six to seven in the evening. The following 
 Restaurants and Cafes are on the Norili Side: 
 
 Operakallaren (The Opera Res- 
 taurant and Cafe) is located in the beauti- 
 ful new Opera House; entrace from the 
 park Kungstradg^rden, near the statue of 
 Charles XII. Charming view from the win- 
 dows of the richly frescoed dining-room, — 
 the foaming rapids only a few yards distant; 
 the North Bridge with its ever varying 
 tln'ong of foot-passengers, elegant equipages, 
 tram-cars, omnibuses, and vehicles of all 
 
 Bengt Orling, phijt. DINING ROOM AT OPERA RESTAURANT (OPERAKALLARENl. SOrtS ; the grand old Royal PalaCC juSt 
 
 across the stream ; the whole harbour with 
 its multitude of sailing-vessels, steamers, and 
 pleasure-yachts, from all parts of the world; the great, rocky cliff on the South Side, covered with large brick and stone 
 houses rising in terraces from the foot to the very top. This grand view is seen to still better advantage from the terrace 
 above the dining-room and cafe; and there can be no more lovely and romantic place to enjoy the glorious midsummer 
 night of the Northland, which is almost as light as day, the sun, which even at midnight is only a little way below the 
 horrison, casting a mild hallow over everything and tinting the church-spires and clouds with the most delicate variations 
 of colour. Here you sit admiring the combined beauties of nature and art, and listen to the splashing and roar of the 
 
 68 
 
rushing rapids, which accompanies the music of a hire orchestra, and at tlie same time, you refresh your inner man witli 
 all known delicacies in the form of food and drink, — can anything be more delightful? 
 
 Although this is the most elegant restaurant and cafe in the city, the prices are just as cheap as at any other first class place. 
 
 Breakfast, with coffee or tea , 
 go ore; lunch (three courses), one 
 krona and fifty ore ; table d'hoie din- 
 ner, consisting of "smorgasbord"''' * 
 and four courses, two kroner ; "smor- 
 gasbord" and five courses, three kro- 
 nor; supper, one krona and fifty ore. 
 Any continental dish will be served 
 if specially ordered. First class French 
 cook who has also been in England. 
 English, French, and German spoken. 
 
 * The "Smorgasbord" (bread and 
 butter table) is a purely Swedish institution, 
 and consists of a special table standing at 
 one side, or in a room adjoining the dining- 
 room. On this table is bread and butter 
 and all manner of sliced cold meats, pre- 
 served and pickled fish, and delicacies, and 
 here you will also find several decanters 
 of Swedish corn-brandy. It is customary 
 to take a piece of bread and butter with 
 a thin slice of cold meat or cheese, or a 
 couple of sardines, on it; then a glass of 
 brandy as an appetizer, and one or two 
 more slices of bread and butter with some- 
 thing on them, together with a small portion 
 of omelet, boiled or pickled fish, or the 
 like, all of which is eaten on a small plate 
 which you hold in your hand while you 
 stand or zvalk about. Some Swedes even 
 go so far as to take one (and sometimes 
 two) more glasses of brandy on the top 
 
 of this, and then with a slice of bread and butter with cheese on it, they repair to the regular dining-table to begin the real dinner with soup. 
 This is a very strange custom indeed, but one gets an enormous appetite at the smorgasbord, and after becoming a little used to it, I think 
 Americans and even Englishmen like it fully as well as (if not better than) the full-blooded Swede. Try it and see for yourself! 
 
 Bengt Oiling, phot. 
 
 THE OPERA CAFE. 
 
 69 
 
Hotel Rydberg's Restaurant & Cafe, i6, Gustaf Adoifs Toig. 
 Grand Hotel's Restaurant & Cafe, 6-8, Sodra Biasiehoimshamnen. 
 
 Restaurant du Nord, 8, Kungstradg§.rdsgatan, next door to the Royal Dramatic Theatre. First-class table, good service. 
 
 Hamburger BorS, 6, Jakobsgatan, first street north of the Opera. "Gemuthlichkeit." Good food and plenty of it, 
 well cooked and neatly served in a cozy little dining-room. Prices very reasonable. 
 
 Bern's Saloons, Berzelii Park. Table d'hote dinner every day in the summer. Music 
 in the evening. 
 
 Blanch's Cafe. Kungstradgarden. Good service. Music in the evening. 
 Cafe and Restaurant Anglais, Stureplan. First class service. Good cooking. Reason- 
 able prices. 
 Restaurant Riche, 4, Birger Jarl's Gata. 
 Hotel Phoenix, 71 C, Drottninggatan. 
 Runan, 15, Brunkeberg's Square. 
 
 Among the restaurants and cafes on the South Side, the follow- 
 ing may be mentioned : 
 
 Mosebacke Cafe and Restaurant, with a splendid view over the harbour and city. 
 Restaurant Pelikan, 4, Brunnsbacken, just this side of the St. Catherine Lift. 
 Restaurant du Sud, at the top of the St. Mary Lift. Fine view over Lake Malar and 
 the western part of the city. 
 
 In DjurgSrden there is a famous restaurant called HaSSelbacken. It is delightfully situated on a hillside with 
 a fine view over the harbour, and surrounded by a handsome garden, in which there is a music-pavilion where splendid 
 music is furnished by a military band during the summer evenings. It is much frequented by the highest class of society, 
 and no traveller considers his visit to Stockholm complete without a dinner at Hasselbacken. 
 
 The food provided at all first-class hotels and restaurants, and on board of steamers, is excellently prepared and 
 served in the daintiest manner. 
 
 There are a large number of excellent country inns in the neighbourhood of Stockholm, which can be reached either 
 by land or water, and to which it is very fashionable to take a trip in the afternoon and dine or sup. Among these are: 
 
 70 
 
Lidiiigobro, DjurgS,rdsbrunn, Stall- 
 mastaregarden, Ulriksdal, Nackanas, Salt- 
 sjobaden, Fjaderholinaine, Drottningholni, 
 etc., besides those already mentioned in 
 this booklet. 
 
 A trip by boat to any of these 
 country inns is highly diverting, and if 
 a carriage or bicycle is preferred, the 
 roads will be found to be excellent and 
 the landscape romantic. 
 
 MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 
 
 Trams. — The best way to be- 
 come localised i Stockholm is to take a 
 round-trip on the "Ring-line," a circular 
 tram-way that traverses the most inter- 
 esting part of the city. You take the 
 tram at the Gustavus Adolphus Square, 
 and ride across the North 
 Bridge, past the Royal 
 Palace, along the great 
 quay, "Skeppsbron," past 
 the locks, getting asplen- l. l„33o„_ p^ot. 
 did view of the South Side, 
 then go through the "Old 
 
 City," having a good look at Riddarholm's Church, Riddarholm's Canal (see p. 72), Riddarhus Square with 
 its statue of Gustavus Vasa and the Riddarhus, then cross Vasa Bridge, from which a splendid panorama 
 is spread out on all sides, — to the west the Railway Bridge with Lake Malar beyond; to the south-west 
 Riddarholmen with its many State Offices and Parliament Building and with the iron open-work of the 
 Riddarholm church-steeple rising high above all; to the south the Riddarhus, the Court House, and the 
 City Prison; to the south-east the Royal Palace; to the east the North Bridge with the Grand Hotel and 
 the National Museum beyond; to the north-east the Gustavus Adolphus Square with the new Opera Building, 
 POLICEMAN. the statue of Gustavus Adolphus, and the Palace of the Hereditary Princes; to the north the new and beautiful 
 
 THE BOULEVARD, KARLAVAGEN. 
 
 71 
 
building of the Academy of Liberal Arts; and to the north-west the Central Railway Station. After crossing the Vasa 
 Bridge, we pass the Central Station and the North Latin School, cross Drottninggatan, getting a fine view up and down 
 this thoroughfare, pass the Adolphus Fredric Church, wind through a labyrinth of streets past the Royal Library and Humle- 
 
 gSrden, the harbour, Nybroviken, Berzelii 
 Park, KungstradgSrden, and the new 
 Opera Building, and get off where we 
 started, in the Gustavus Adolphus Square. 
 
 Besides the "Ring-line," there is 
 a tramway going to Djurg3,rden, one to 
 Haga Park, a shorter line in Norrmalm 
 and one in Ostermalm, two to Kungs- 
 holmen, an omnibus running from Riddar- 
 ims Square to Vasastaden, the northern- 
 most part of the city, a steam tram tra- 
 versing the whole length of the South 
 Side from the Locks to Liljeholm Bridge 
 and making connections with a horse- 
 tram which runs to the extreme eastern 
 limits of the South Side. The fare on 
 all these lines, encluding the "Ring-line," 
 is only lo ore. There is also an electric 
 railway running to the summer resort 
 Djursholm, and a steam railway going 
 to Saltsjobaden. 
 
 There is only one omnibus-line 
 in Stockholm, but there are ferry-boats 
 and steam launches enough to make up, 
 and the fare is from three to eight ore, 
 — seldom more than a penny. 
 
 Cclbs. — The cab-drivers ofStock- 
 holm and those of London, Liverpool, 
 and New York are quite different beings 
 
 altogether, be it said to the praise of the Stockholm cabbies; for they have a fixed fare for driving to every part of the 
 city and the surrounding country. This list of fares is printed and supplied with the number, name, and address of the 
 cabman. Several copies of this fare-list are always to be found in a pocket in every cab in Stockholm, and you may 
 
 Fr. G. Klemming, phot. 
 
 RIDDARHOLM CANAL. 
 (Spire of St. Gertrud's Church in background). 
 
 72 
 
take one free of charge. But even if you cannot read this list (called in Swedish: "Taxenidrke''), the cabbies are very honest 
 and will not take too high a fare. If you feel disposed to give the cab-driver 25 dre (about three-pence) he is very 
 thankful and will frequently take off his cap for this little tip, but if you don't give him anything, he will be just as polite, 
 and will never think of asking you for a tip. The fare for one or two persons to any place within the city limits, night 
 or ^ day, is one krona ; for three or four persons, one Iwona and twenty-five ore. If you want to 'go to several different 
 
 A CAB STAND. 
 
 places in succession, the fare is reckoned at one krona and twenty-five ore per hour, with a slight reduction for several 
 hours' driving. Outside the city limits, the fares vary from one krona and thirty-five ore to one krona and eighty-five ore 
 to the nearest environs, or tw(} kronor per hour for one or two persons and two kronor and fifty ore for three or four 
 persons. During next year, a new system of estimating the cab-fees (ta.xametre system) will probably be introduced. 
 
 73 
 
 10 
 
TOWER ON THE ALLMANNA TELEPHONE EXCHANGE. 
 
 Livery Carriages are to be had for two h-onor and 
 twenty-five ore per hour, or two kronor from one place to an- 
 other, within the city limits; without, the fares vary from two 
 kroiior and fifty-five ore to seven kro7ior and fifty ore. 
 
 City Messengers and Porters (Swedish: "Stads- 
 
 biufy — These are strong, honest, patient fellows who run errands, 
 do all kinds of commissions, and carry all kinds of burdens, 
 — nothing is too heavy for them, nothing is too tedious, nothing 
 is too important, and nothing is too trivial. Like the cab- 
 drivers, they have a printed list of fees encluding every imagin- 
 able kind of work, the fees varying from twenty-five ore to one 
 krotia and fifty iire, or fifty ore per hour. Any sum of money 
 may be sent by these trusty messengers, and they give a receipt 
 if desired. 
 
 TELEPHONES. 
 
 Go where you will in the world, you will find no place 
 so completely supplied with telephones as Stockholm. There 
 are two competing telephone nets, the "Riks" or State and 
 the " Allmatitia " or General, the telephones of the latter net 
 being most used for local telephoning in Stockholm, and those 
 of the former for telephoning to provincial towns, to Norway, 
 and to Denmark. 
 
 The AUmdnna telephone-net stretches about forty-six 
 English miles in all directions from Stockholm, and has over 
 2,500 telephones outside the city with which the Stockholm 
 subscriber may communicate free of charge. The whole number 
 of telephones belonging to the AUmdnna net amounted to 
 15,500, Nov. 15th, iSgb.'^^his company supplies private dwell- 
 ings with telephones for the nominal charge of two pounds per 
 year, and offices and shops for £3. 6 s. There is no place in 
 the world where telephones are so cheap. The AUmdnna Tele- 
 phone Company was founded in 1883. 
 
With the exception of Stockholm and the surrounding country, the Riks, 
 or State, telephone is the only one used in Sweden. It has 4,000 telephones in 
 Stockholm and the neighbouring country, besides exchange stations in nearly every 
 
 city and town in Sweden and a 
 line to Copenhagen and Christiania. 
 The Riks telephone costs £2. 14 s. 
 per year. 
 
 The fee for a telephone con- 
 versation at a public station in 
 Stockholm is only ten ore. 
 
 BATHS AND BATHING 
 ESTABLISHMENTS. 
 
 Of all cities, Stockholm is the 
 place for baths and bathing. The 
 bath-houses are large and taste- 
 fully built and supplied with the 
 most modern and practical appli- 
 ances. All manner of baths are 
 given, the Russian bath being a 
 specialty. As a rule, women wait 
 upon bathers of both sexes, and if 
 you are not clean after one of 
 these old dames has scrubbed you, 
 then you might as well give it up. 
 For gentlemen who are not disposed 
 to submit to this national custom, 
 there is an opportunity of taking 
 a bath with men in attendance at 
 16, Jakobsgatan and 4, Stureplan. 
 The bathing-establishments are also very fine, especially the one on the 
 ■bridge between the Central Station and Riddarholmen, where there are 
 large public basins, and some small private ones, the depth of the water 
 
 THE ST. CLARA BATH HOUSE. 
 
 railway 
 several 
 
 75 
 
 THE STORE BATH-HOUSE. 
 
varying between three and twenty feet. There is a special department for ladies and one for gentlemen. The two de- 
 partments are entirely isolated from each other and the basins are enclosed on all sides, thus rendering swinnning-costumes 
 superfluous. It is at this bathing-estabUshment that the swimming-shows take place. 
 
 LEADING INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Although Stockholm is not really a manufacturing city, it has several industrial establishments whose work deserves 
 the attention of the tourist. Among the oldest of these are the two porcelain manufactories, Rorstrand and Gustafsberg. 
 
 The Rorstrand Porcelain Works are a very large and prosperous concern employing about i,ooo people. 
 They were started in 1726, and have been steadily growing in the very spot where they made their beginning, till to-day 
 they are the largest manufactory of their kind in Sweden. Their products, especially in fine china and decorative ware, 
 are exported all over the world and compete with the products of the most famous porcelain works in Europe. The ex- 
 hibition and sales-rooms of this establishment are located at No. i, Stureplan. 
 
 Gustafsberg is situated about twenty miles from the city, on an island in the Baltic archipelago. This establish- 
 ment produces all grades of pottery and china, from common earthenware to the finest artistic and decorative works, its 
 exquisite parian statuary being a particular specialty which enjoys a reputation second to none in Europe. It has a large 
 exhibition and sales-rooms in Stockholm at No. 2, Kungstradgirdsgatan, close to the rapids and near Grand Hotel. Several 
 steamers ply daily between Stockholm and the mainifactory. 
 
 In the iron industry, the AtlaS Machine Works, near the north-western suburbs of the city, are most prominent. 
 Here heavy machinery, railway engines, coaches, and vans are manufactured. The establishment enjoys an excellent repu- 
 tation for good work, and is one of the largest of its kind in the country. Another important establishment in this line is 
 Bolinder'S Iron Works on Kungsholmen. it would hardly be an exaggeration to say that the larger portion of the 
 daily food of the Swedish nation is prepared on ranges made at this manufactory. 
 
 Dr. Gustaf de Laval's manufactories, f ir making appliances and machines invented by this famous engineer, 
 are also ver}- important. His cream separator has revolutionised the dairy business. By the skillful management of centri- 
 fugal motion, as employed in this machine, it is possible to separate cream from milk almost instantly. The separator is 
 manufactured in Stockholm, where extensive shops have been erected, and it is sold by thousands all over the world. A 
 steam turbine, a turbine dynamo, a turbine pump, a turbin fire-engine, and a non-explosive steam-boiler, connected with 
 a contrivance for consuming the smoke, are just ab(iut to be turned out from the Doctor's experimental shops. The 
 de Laval Incandescent Lamp Company is a concern that owes its existence to the activity of Dr. de Laval, 
 and which furnishes employment to a large number of people. The lactator, or milking-machine, is the latest of his in- 
 ventions. As yet it is in the experimental stage but it will probably be in the market before the year is out. 
 
 76 
 
Axel Lindnhl, phot. 
 
 SKEPPSBRON .THE QUAY). 
 (National Museum in backgi ound). 
 
INTERIOR FROM THE ROOMS OF HANDARBETETS VANNER. 
 
 Dr. de Laval has very complete experimental shops 
 and laboratories, where by the aid of a multitude of specialists, 
 he is constantly devising new methods of employing his genius 
 for the good of mankind. 
 
 In the chemical manufacturing line we have a world- 
 renowned representative in the Bamangens Tekniska 
 
 Fabrik, situated in the southern part of the city. Here all 
 kinds of perfumery, fine toilet soaps, antiseptic powders and 
 fluids, and Barnangen's celebrated inks, are manufactured. 
 These inks have gained a world-wide reputation and received 
 a number of gold medels and prizes at every international 
 exhibition during the last twenty years. They are exported 
 to all parts of the world. All the products of this manufac- 
 tory enjoy a reputation for purity quite exceptional. 
 
 Quite near this establishment lies the LiljehollTien'S 
 Candle Factory, whose fine candles are very widely sold. 
 
 The lighting of streets, hotels, dwellings, and factories 
 is accomplished in the most modern manner by the extensive 
 
 and up-to-date Gas and Electric Light Works which 
 
 are well worth visiting by those who are especially interested 
 in such establishments. 
 
 An industry which especially deserves the attention of 
 the tourist is the art-sloyd, embracing weaving, needle-work, 
 carving, drawing on wood with red-hot platinum tools, and 
 woodstaining. The most prominent proraotors of this art are 
 Hatidarbelets Viinncr and Svenska Koiist-Sldjd-UistallningeJi. 
 
 HandarbetetS Vanner (Friends of Art Weaving and 
 Needle-work). — This is a patriotic association for the preser- 
 vation and artistic improvement of home-sloyd. It was origi- 
 nated by eminent ladies at Stockholm in 1874. Among the 
 most prominent of these ladies were an authoress and a painter, 
 both very renowned in their respective branclies. The chief 
 object in organising the association was to reform Swedish 
 needle-work and weaving. A very unique peasant sloyd has 
 
 78 
 
for many years been practiced in Sweden, but about the time of the organisation of this association, it was beginning to 
 become extinct; and it has been due to the praiseworthy efforts of the "Friends of Art Weaving and Needle-Work" that 
 this precious inheritance was preserved for the benefit of coming generations. At this period, only old peasant women 
 were skilled in this kind of sloyd which consists of all sorts of interesting fabrics, from haid-lisse work made in upright 
 looms and known since time immemorial, to all kinds of art-fabrics woven of home-spun and home-dyed yarn. Both in 
 pattern and colours, this peasant-work frequently resembles oriental fabrics. In ancient times, it was also customary to 
 make drawn lace work and worsted shaded work with rich fiover-ornaments freely executed without drawing any pattern 
 on the cloth. Pillow laces were also encluded in this peasant-sloyd. It is on this national folk-art that the association has 
 based its work. To begin with, copies were made from the old, interesting models, after which they were improved, and 
 from the old designs, patterns suitable to our times were made sufficiently like the old models to confirm their origin. 
 The interest for this work grew every year and by degrees this unassuming beginning developed into a rather important 
 art-institution, especially, although not entirely, embracing the textile art on a national basis. The association has even 
 made important progress in the manufacture of ecclesiastic fabrics. Through the exertions of the Friends of Art Weaving 
 and Needle-work, these peasant-sloyds have been revived, and a staff of skilled working-women has been organised in 
 Stockholm and employed by the association. A weaving-school and two embroidery-schools annually attended by over 200 
 pupils are one of the chief proofs of the patriotic exertions of the association, which has fine and centrally located rooms 
 in 18, Brunkeberg's Square, where there is a permanent exposition and sale of these national works of sloyd-art. The 
 exposition and sales-rooms are open every day except Sundays and Holy-days. Thus a unique national sloyd has been 
 revived and systematised, whose products are to be found not only in nearly every Swedish home, but also in many homes 
 in other countries. 
 
 Svenska Konst-Slojd Utstallningen (Exhibition of Swedish Art Industry). — This exhibition has its sales- 
 rooms near Grand Hotel, just opposite the statue of Charles XII. in the park Kungstriidg&rden. Here we find all kinds 
 of art-sloyd well represented, especially the peasant art-sloyd, which cannot fail to be of great interest to the tourist. Here 
 there are unique textile fabrics from the south of Sweden, and artistic wood-sloyd, rich embroideries, and lace, from 
 ■the central and northern provinces. Besides the exhibition and sales-rooms in KungstradgSrdsgatan, the proprietors have 
 an office and exhibition at 26, Norrlandsgatan, and several large studios and work-shops where drawings, art-fabrics, carved 
 work, furniture, embroidery, and national costumes are made. At the office, materials and patterns for embroidery are 
 also sold. All patterns, drawings, and models are made under strict supervision in the studios belonging to the exhibition. 
 In making pattern-drawings, the old patterns are not simply copied, but are improved and developed. In dying yarn for 
 embroidery and textile fabrics, great pains have been taken to use only old, genuine vegetable dies, which gi\'e a specially 
 bright, glossy colour to the fabrics. 
 
 One of the specialties of this concern is drawing on wood with a redhot platinum point, or glow-drawing, as it is 
 called. Great skill has been acquired in such drawing in Sweden and not only rich ornaments but even portraits are thus 
 drawn and so finely executed that one can scarcely believe that the delicate lines and shadings are burnt into the wood with 
 
 79 
 
red hot metal. At a little distance they may almost be mistaken for fine pencil or crayon drawings, but the singeing of 
 the wood gives a much richer tint to these pictures and leaves a much smoother, glossier surface. Inlaid work is also 
 very in<^eniously imitated by burning the outlines of the design and then staining it to represent the colours of different 
 " kinds of wood. Pictures are also painted on wood, the outlines 
 
 being burnt, thus giving a very unique effect. Partly burned and 
 partly painted designs are executed on sheep-skin work-bags and 
 leather pillows, and these articles are greatly admired by English 
 ladies travelling in Sweden. Rich ornamental designs are also 
 burned on loose sheep-skin book-covers intended to protect 
 the bindings of books which the tourist wishes to carry about 
 with him. 
 
 Geometric carving, which is a very ancient peasant sloyd 
 in Sweden, has lately been revived and developed, and now there 
 are an endless variety of patterns for this kind of carving. In 
 the exposition will be found cupboards, chests, and a great assort- 
 ment of small objects, such as paper knives, rulers, photograph 
 frames, newspaper holders, watch-holders, stamp-boxes, snuff-boxes, 
 antique drinking tankards and lunch boxes, etc., decorated with 
 these unique carvings. This geometric carving has now reached 
 such a stage of development that its richly varying forms much 
 resemble oriental carvings. 
 
 At both Swedish and international exhibitions, the fabrics, 
 carved work, and other products of this firm have been awarded 
 gold and silver medals; these articles are now to be found in 
 the homes of nearly every civilised country, and orders are con- 
 stantly coming in from all parts of the world. 
 
 The artistic work of the firm is superintended by Miss 
 S. Giobel, who, besides having received an excellent art-education 
 in Sweden, has spent many years abroad for the purpose of 
 studying art. 
 
 A. J. Dahllbf, phot. 
 
 INTERIOR OF GIOBEL'S ART SLOYD EXHIBITION. 
 
 Excellent articles of this kind may also be bought at 
 [akob Kulle's shop, 36, Drottninggatan, and in at several other 
 similar shops. 
 
 80 
 
Another national, characteristic industry, which does not exactly belong to Stockholm itself, but whose products are 
 sold by all iron-mongers in the city, is the manufacture of fine metal work. In this branch the steel works of Eskilstuna 
 and Husqvarna take the lead. 
 
 The Eskilstuna steel work embraces all kinds of artistic cutlery, copper and nickel-plated kitchen utensils, 
 and all kinds of fine tools; besides steel broaches, bracelets, and other ornaments, — in fact every artistic and useful thing 
 that can be made of steel. These articles are not only of the finest quality of steel, but are of unsurpassed beauty and 
 elegance. The art of fine etching on steel, and of inlaying steel with gold, enamel, and colours, is practised to perfection 
 at the Eskilstuna works, the products being the handsomest of their kind. Scissors and knives etched with blue and gold 
 are especially preferred by tourists as souvenirs from Stockholm and as gifts for friends at home. 
 
 Husqvarna Gun Factory is an old institution started in 1680 by the Government, and owned by it until 1757, 
 when it was sold to private persons, and is now owned by a company. It has made the guns for the Swedish Army for 
 about two hundred years, and its rifles and fowling-pieces are highly prized by sportsmen. Of late years it has added to 
 its manufacture stoves and ranges of the newest patterns, bicycles and sewing machines, which have gained quite a reputa- 
 tion in the market; also decorative goods, such as shields, helmets, hillebards, swords, lances, stilettos, etc. These latter 
 goods are a specialty of the factory, they are shipped all over the world, being particularly attractive and fine. The fac- 
 tory is located in the province of Sm&land, some 150 miles south of Stockholm, it lias elegant sales-rooms in Stockholm, 
 in the corner of KungstradgSrdsgatan and Hamngatan, where its handsome ornamental and other goods are exposed for sale. 
 
 Another industry which interests the ladies particularly is the manufacture of sllk mantles, skirtS, and bed- 
 quiltS padded with eider-down. The garments are soft and light; and, for comfort in cold weather, there is noth- 
 ing in the world to cemijDare with them. The quilts are made of the tanned downy parts of eider skins. It takes from 
 eighty to one hundred skins to make a quilt. 
 
 The furs offered for sale in Sweden are of uncommon elegance. Naturally these northern countries produce the 
 best pelts, and since the Swedes are experts in tanning and preparing them, and add to this the best taste and refine- 
 ment in making them up, it is obvious that the garments produced are stylish, neat, and durable. 
 
 Jewelry of the finest and most artistic kind. Old patterns in cups, flagons, tankards, and national ornaments are 
 specialties. Since all gold and silver work made in Sweden is under government control, and is provided with a govern- 
 ment stamp denoting its quality, the purchaser is sure to get what he pays for. I also believe that fine, artistic jewelry 
 is cheaper in Stockholm than in any other city in Europe. 
 
 81 
 
ROUTES TO SWEDEN. 
 
 
 
 
 T 
 
 HROUGH FARE 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S I N 
 
 G L 
 
 E 
 
 
 
 RET 
 
 U R 
 
 N 
 
 
 
 1st 
 
 c 
 
 LASS 
 
 2nd CLASS 
 
 1st CLASS 
 
 2nc 
 
 i CLASS 
 
 Kiel „r 
 
 London-Vlissingen-Hamburg-TT; — Kobenhavn- Stockholm.. 
 
 ^7 
 
 T A 
 
 I 0 
 
 i. 0 a. 
 
 ^5 
 
 14 
 
 s. 0 d. 
 
 £1013 
 
 s. 
 
 2d. 
 
 * 7 
 
 19 
 
 3d. 
 
 London- " " " " -Goteborg ... 
 
 0 
 
 3 
 
 " I " 
 
 " 4 
 
 10 
 
 " 0 " 
 
 " 812 
 
 
 8" 
 
 0 
 
 7 
 
 " ID " 
 
 Lon don -Hoek van Holland " " " -Stockholm.. 
 
 " 7 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 I 2 
 
 " 8 " 
 
 " 10 10 
 
 
 6" 
 
 " 7 
 
 17 
 
 " I " 
 
 London- -Goteborg .. 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 " 10 " 
 
 " 4 
 
 8 
 
 
 " 8 10 
 
 " 00" 
 
 " 0 
 
 5 
 
 " 8 " 
 
 
 " 3 
 
 15 
 
 7 " 
 
 0 
 
 3 
 
 " 6 " 
 
 " 5 13 
 
 
 6" 
 
 " 4 
 
 19 
 
 " I " 
 
 London — Goteborg (steamer 42 hours) 
 
 " 3 
 
 3 
 
 " 0 " 
 
 " 2 
 
 2 
 
 " 0 " 
 
 "53 
 
 * * 
 
 0" 
 
 " 3 
 
 3 
 
 " 0 " 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 " 315 
 
 
 0" 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 Hull — Goteborg (steamer) 
 
 " 3 
 
 3 
 
 " 0 " 
 
 " 2 
 
 2 
 
 " 0 " 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 Pans — Hambum — rr: — Kobenhavn— btockholm 
 
 " M aruemiinde 
 
 217 
 
 fr. 
 
 80 c. 
 
 161 
 
 fr 
 
 80 f. 
 
 295 fr. 
 
 70 
 
 c. 
 
 227 
 
 fr. 
 
 30 c. 
 
 •r\ • _ T) „ 1 ' _ 0 *x -.,11 U ~ 11 1 1 
 
 Faris-rierlm — bassnitz — irelleborg — Stockholm 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 ■ — 
 
 
 — 
 
 Paris — Hamburg — ^ °'' ^ — Kobenhavn — Goteborg 
 
 175 
 
 
 40 " 
 
 130 " 
 
 90 " 
 
 243 " 
 
 70 
 
 
 I 80 
 
 
 80 " 
 
 Berlin — bassnilz — irelleborg — Stockholm ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 Berlin — Warnemiinde — Kobenhavn — Stockholm 
 
 99 
 
 M. 
 
 0 ^ T>r 
 
 00 rr. 
 
 72 
 
 M. 
 
 90 IT. 
 
 I 3-' M. 
 
 50 
 
 Pf. 
 
 100 
 
 M. 
 
 70 Pf. 
 
 
 103 
 
 
 20 " 
 
 79 
 
 
 20 " 
 
 ■35 " 
 
 30 
 
 i i 
 
 I Oo 
 
 i ( 
 
 30 " 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 00 " 
 
 33 
 
 
 75 " 
 
 73 " 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 25 " 
 
 Berlin — Sassnitz — Trelleborg — Goteborg * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Deriin — vv drnemunQe — jtvODennti\ n — vjoteuorg 
 
 0,-) 
 
 
 50 " 
 
 48 
 
 
 10 " 
 
 90 " 
 
 40 
 
 
 Do 
 
 
 00 " 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 50 " 
 
 20 
 
 1 L 
 
 65 " 
 
 47 " 
 
 25 
 
 i i 
 
 29 
 
 i i 
 
 25 " 
 
 Hamburg — Kiel — Korsor — Kobenhavn — Stockholm 
 
 92 
 
 
 40 " 
 
 70 
 
 i t 
 
 00 " 
 
 121 " 
 
 20 
 
 
 96 
 
 
 20 
 
 Hamburg — " " " — Goteborg 
 
 58 
 
 
 10 " 
 
 45 
 
 
 20 " 
 
 79 " 
 
 10 
 
 ti 
 
 63 
 
 I i 
 
 50 " 
 
 St. Petersburg — Stockholm (steamer) 
 
 23 
 
 Roubles 
 
 18 
 
 Roubles 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 * The fares via the new express-route Sassnitz — Trelleborg, which 
 
 will 
 
 be 
 
 opened 
 
 May 
 
 lit 
 
 1897, are not yet 
 
 fixed. 
 
 
 
 
 82 
 
CHIEF ROUTES IN SWEDEN. 
 
 
 ^ FARE 
 
 s 
 
 
 1st CLASS 
 
 2nd CLASS 
 
 RAIL: 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,57 kr. 55 ore 
 
 37 
 
 kr. 1 0 (ire 
 
 
 43 " 95 " 
 
 27 
 
 " 50 " 
 
 
 20 " 75 " 
 
 14 
 
 " 65 " 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 " 15 " 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 " 85 " 
 
 STEAMBOAT: 
 
 
 
 
 Goteborg — Stockholm (Gota canal) 
 
 30 kr. 
 
 
 20 kr. 
 
 Goteborg — Malmo — Stockholm 
 
 25 " 
 
 
 16 " 
 
 Goteborg — Stockholm fGota canal) — Malmo — Goteborg 
 
 45 " 
 
 
 
 Stockholm Lulea 
 
 28 " 
 
 
 24 " 
 
 Krona — roo ore ~ i sli. i il. = 27 cents = i Reichsmaik 12 I'f. - I fr. 39 c. 
 
 SPECIAL CIRCULAR-TOURIST TICKETS FROM PARIS TO SWEDEN. 
 
 AVAILABLE 60 DAYS. 
 
 I . Paris — Hamburg — Kobenhavn — Helsingborg — Goteborg — Stockholm — Malmo — 
 
 FARES 
 
 1st CLASS 
 
 2nd CLASS 
 
 321 fr. 45 c. 
 
 361 " 65 " 
 386 " 95 " 
 
 246 fr. 20 c. 
 276 " 30 " 
 313 " 70 " 
 
 2 . Paris — Hamburg — Kobenhavn — Goteborg — Kristiania — Charlottenberg — Stock- 
 holm — Malmo — Kobenhavn — Hamburg — Paris 
 
 3 . Paris — Hamburg — Kobenhavn — Goteborg — Kristiania — Trondhjem — Sti^rlien — 
 Stockholm — Malmfi — Kobenhavn — Hamburg — Paris 
 
 83 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 BANKS AND BANKERS. 
 
 Sveriges Riksbank, 55, JenUorget, 15, 
 Brunkebergstorg. 
 
 Stockholms Enskilda Bank, 27, Lilla Ny- 
 gatan, 4, Mynttorget. 45, Drottninggatan, 
 14, Gustaf Adolfs torg, 18, Handtverkare- 
 gatan, l, Hornsgatan, 6, Hamngatan. 
 
 Skandinaviska Kredit-Aktiebolaget, 16, 
 
 Vesterlanggatan. 
 
 Stockholms Intecknings-Garanti Aktie- 
 bolag, I, Malmtorgsgatan, 13, Biblio- 
 teksgatan. 
 
 Skanes Enskilda Bank, 13, Fredsgatan. 
 Aktiebolaget Stockholms Handelsbank, 
 
 8, Arsenalsgatan, 4, Kornhamnstorg, 32, 
 Fredsgatan, 24, Humlegardsgatan, 16, Got- 
 gatan. 
 
 Aktiebolaget Nordiska Kreditbanken, 8, 
 
 Drottninggatan (Head-Office), 102, Drott- 
 ninggatan, 4, Mynttorget. 
 
 Malareprovinsernas Enskilda Bank, 8, 
 
 Slottsbacken. 
 
 Sundsvalls Enskilda Bank, 2 A, Kungs- 
 tradgardsgatan. 
 
 Vesterbottens Enskilda Bank, 6, Drott- 
 ninggatan. 
 
 Hernosands Enskilda Bank, 8, Hamn- 
 gatan. 
 
 Industri-Kredit-Aktiebolaget, 7, Ofre Munk- 
 bron, 13, Kungsgatan, 4 A, Arsenalsga- 
 tan, 65, Drottninggatan. 
 
 Aktiebolaget Sundsvalls Handelsbank, 
 
 14, Gustaf Adolfs torg. 
 
 Stockholms Kredit- och Diskontforening, 
 
 I, Regeringsgatan. 
 Aktiebolaget Arbetareringens Bank, 2, 
 
 Triewaldsgrand. 
 C. G. Cervin, 4, Malmtorgsgatan. 
 Julius Geber &. Co., 4, Storkyrkobrinken. 
 
 Kommandit-bolaget Burman & Co., 19, 
 
 Drottninggatan. 
 
 BAKERS. 
 
 C. W. Schumacher, 17, Norrlandsgatan. 
 
 Reinholds Angbageri- och Konditori- 
 Aktiebolag, 36, Stora Badstugatan. 
 
 BREWERS. 
 
 Aktiebolaget Stockholms Bryggerier, 43, 
 
 Hogbergsgatan. 
 
 St. Eriks Bryggeri-Aktiebolag, i, Kungs- 
 holmstorg. 
 
 Aktiebolaget Stora Bryggeriet, Hornsberg. 
 Miinchens Bryggeri-Aktiebolag, 2, Skin- 
 
 narviksgatan. 
 G. Piehl, 66, Gotgatan. 
 
 COAL-MERCHANTS. 
 Joh. Lundstrom & Co., 14, Skeppsbron. 
 
 CONFECTIONERS. 
 
 Oscar Berg, 14, Regeringsgatan, 14, Sture- 
 gatan. 
 
 DEALERS IN ANTIQUITIES. 
 
 A. Matsson, 23 B, Beridarebansgatan. 
 
 Friggamagasinet, 16, Hamngatan. 
 
 Sigrid Sundborg, 2 B, Kungstradgardsgatan. 
 
 DEALERS IN CARPETS. 
 Robert Ditzinger, 72, Vesterlanggatan. 
 K. M. Lundberg, 7, Storkyrkobrinken, 4, 
 
 Stureplan, 66, Drottninggatan. 
 Myrstedt & Stern, 11, Drottninggatan. 
 F. Uhner & Co., 22, Fredsgatan. 
 
 DEALERS IN CLOAKS 
 AND MANTLES. 
 Th. B. Lindgren, 28, Vesterlanggatan. 
 
 DEALERS IN FURS. 
 
 P. N. Bergstrom, 18, Fredsgatan, 4, Stor- 
 kyrkobrinken, 4, Vesterlanggatan. 
 
 P. F. Blomberg & Arendorff, 10, Drott- 
 ninggatan. 
 
 D. Forssells Soner & Co., 26, Drottning- 
 gatan. 
 
 A. Ternlund, 20 B, Hamngatan. 
 
 DEALERS IN GLOVES. 
 
 C. Malmberg, 45, Vesterlanggatan, 5, Sture- 
 gatan, 17, Drottninggatan, 
 
 84 
 
DEALERS IN MACHINES 
 AND TOOLS. 
 
 Axel Christiernsson, 4, Lilla Nygatan. 
 B. A. Hjorth & Co., 5, Klaia Norra Kyrko- 
 gata. 
 
 DEALERS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC 
 SUPPLIES. 
 
 Numa Petersons Handels- och Fabriks- 
 
 Aktiebolag, 32, Hamngatan. 
 Sven Scholander, 14, Lilla Vattugatan. 
 
 DEALERS IN SPORTING- 
 ARTICLES. 
 
 Georg A. Bastman, 12, Kungstiadgaidsgatan. 
 
 GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHERS. 
 
 Joseph Leja, 5, & 7, Regeringsgatan. 
 John Sorman, 4, Regeringsgatan. 
 Silvanders Herrekipering, Operateirassen. 
 S. Berendt Jr. & Co., 24, Drottninggatan. 
 
 HABERDASHERS. 
 
 Herman Meeths, 73 A, Drottninggatan, 5, 
 Munkbron, 24, Gotgatan, 15, Fredsgatan, 
 26, Regeringsgatan, 9, Storgatan. 
 
 J. F. Holtz, 7, Brunkebergstorg, 8, Sture- 
 gatan, 35, St. Nygatan. 
 
 HATTERS. 
 A. F. Bodecker, 24, Fredsgatan. 
 
 INSTRUMENT-MAKERS. 
 Albert Stille, i, St. Nygatan, 22, Fredsgatan. 
 
 INSURANCE COMPANIES. 
 
 Forsakrings-Aktiebolaget Skandia, i, 
 
 Mynttorget. 
 
 Lifforsakrings-Aktiebolaget Thule, 2 C, 
 
 Kiingstradgardsgatan. 
 
 Brand- och Lifforsakrings-Aktiebolaget 
 
 Svea, 13, Drottninggatan. 
 Mutual Life, 4 B, Sodra Blasieholmshamnen. 
 
 IRON-MONGERS. 
 
 Cederlof & Grunden, 25, Regeringsgatan. 
 A. E. Lindblad, 45, St. Nygatan, 2, Sture- 
 gatan. 
 
 John Thorstenson, 21, St. Badstugatan, 8, 
 
 Drottninggatan. 
 Wikman & Wiklund, 17, Fleminggatan, 
 18 B, Handtverkaregatan. 
 
 JEWELLERS. 
 
 C. G. Hallbergs Guldsmeds-Aktiebolag, 
 
 9, Regeringsgatan. 
 
 LIVERY-STABLES. 
 
 Hyrverks-Aktiebolaget Frey, ii,L;a Vattu- 
 gatan, 20, Birger Jarlsgatan, 34, Artilleri- 
 gatan, 6, Brahegatan, 28, Gotgatan. 
 
 Gustaf Joulin, 4, Brunkebergstorg. 
 
 MILLINERS. 
 
 Augusta Lundin, 2, Brunkebergstorg. 
 
 «5 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHERS. 
 
 Gosta Florman, 28 A, Regeringsgatan, 
 
 SALVAGE COMPANIES. 
 
 Bergnings- och Dykeribolaget Neptun, 
 
 34, Skeppsbron. 
 
 SHIP-BROKERS. 
 Nordstrom & Thulin, 32, Sli.eppsbron. 
 Olson & Wright, 20, Skeppsbron. 
 N. C. Carlsson & Co., 10, Skeppsbron. 
 Nyman & Schultz, 6, Skeppsbron. 
 S. Julin, 8, Skeppsbron. 
 
 STATIONERS. 
 
 Frans Svanstrom & Co., Pappershandels- 
 Aktiebolag, l, Myntgatan, 9, Drottning- 
 gatan, 8, Siidermalmstorg, I, Norrnialms- 
 torg. 
 
 TAILORS. 
 
 Engelska Skradderietablissementet, 4& 6, 
 
 Malmturgsgatan. 
 Janson & Wailgren, 24, Fredsgatan. 
 
 TOBACCO-WORKS. 
 
 Jac. Fr. Ljunglof, 24, St. Badstugatan. 
 
 WINE-MERCHANTS. 
 
 Reymersholms Nya Spritforadlings-Ak- 
 
 tiebolag, Reymersholm. 
 Lacave y Ca., 12, Sodra Blasieholmshamnen, 
 
 63 A, Drottninggatan, 50, St. Badstugatan. 
 J. L. Lundberg & Co., i, Malmtorgsgatan. 
 Hogstedt & Co., 32, Regeringsgatan. 
 Stockholms Vinhandels-Aktiebolag, 29 C, 
 
 Drottninggatan, 23, St. Badstugatan. 
 
Gothenburg to Stockholm 
 
 and vice versa, through the celebrated Gota, 
 Trollhatte & Sodertelje Canals and Baltic 
 Archipelago, almost daily communication by 
 the first-class steamers of the Gota Canal 
 Steamship Co. 
 
 The steamers pass through the most fertile 
 and most beautiful part of the country. Varied 
 scenery. There is good time to visit the 
 magnificent Trollhatta Waterfalls. In- 
 land sailing. Kxcellent Restaurant on board. 
 Tickets, including food on board, 45 kronor, 
 and without, 30 kronor, at the Offices of 
 Thos. Cook & Son, Henry Gaze & Sons. 
 
 Agents: Carl Sjbberg & Co., Gothen- 
 burg; C. 0. Strindberg & Co., Stock- 
 liolm. 
 
 Finska Angfartygs-Aktie- 
 bolaget 
 
 (THE PTNI.ANI) SIK.VMSIIIP COMPAN^■) 
 
 HELSINGFORS 
 
 maintains regular cunimunication betueen 
 Stockholm— Abo -Helsingfors — 
 St. Petersburg 
 
 by the first-class steamers 
 
 Uleaborg, Tornea, Nordkusten, von Dobein & 
 
 Finland leaving Stockholm every Tuesday, 
 '1 hursday, Friday, and Saturday at 6 o'clock 
 r. M., and St. Petersburg every Monday, Tues- 
 day, Thursday, and Saturday at 6 o'oclock r. M. 
 
 Agents. 
 
 Stockholm: N. C. Carlsson & Co., 
 and Nyman & SchuHz ; Abo: Job. Gust. 
 Wikestr'dm, and Starck & Bdhr ; St. 
 
 Petersburg : Hj. Hockert. 
 
 I SWEDEN THULE LINE. 
 
 London —Gothenburg, 
 
 f ro m Ti I b u ry. 
 
 Weekly Service. 
 
 Train from Fencluirch Street Station, Fri- 
 days, at I2.;S 1'. M. From Gothenburg, Thurs- 
 days, noon. Fine First-class Passenger Steamers 
 I "Thuie" and 'Thorsfen." Fares (exclusive of 
 provisions), 1^1 Class, ^'3 3s, return ^'5 5s.; 
 2iici Class £2 2s., return £t, 3s. 
 
 Granton & Gothenburg 
 
 i also Weekly Service. 
 
 [ Fridays at noon from both Ports. First- 
 
 class Steamers "Bele" and "Albert Edward" or 
 others. 
 
 Apply to Phillipps and Graves. Botolph 
 House, Eastcheap, E.C. ; or W. E. Boit and Co.. 
 I, East India Avenue, London, E.C; Chr. 
 Salvesen and Co.. Granton, Leith and Glasgow; 
 Olof Melin and Son. and Wilson and Co.. Go- 
 thenburg. 
 
 OLOF MELIN, Manager. 
 
 KARL HAUFFMAN, Stockholm, 
 
 4 Skeppsbron 4, 
 Corn and Flour Merchant, 
 Insurance Agent, 
 representing in Sweden : 
 The English and Scottish Law Life Ins. 
 Assoc. 
 
 The Swiss Accident Ins. Comp. of Win- 
 terthur. 
 
 The Continental Marine Ins. Comp. of 
 Mannheim. 
 
 The Cologne Glass Ins. Comp. j 
 
 WISBY. 
 
 No tourist visiting Sweden ought to ne- 
 glect spending some days in the old Ilanseatic 
 town with its ancient walls, its numerous church- 
 ruins and other most interesting antiquities — 
 the proudest relics the North possesses of by- 
 gone days picturesquely rising out of the midst 
 of plants and trees belonging to the vegetation 
 of southern lands. 
 
 The Angfartygs-Aktiebolaget Gotland's 
 steamers Thjelvar, Polhem, Gotland, Wisby, and 
 Klintehamn run every day during June — August 
 jjetween Stockholm and Wisby (spring and 
 autumn 5 to 6 times the week) making the 
 passage in 12 hours. Splendid passenger ac- 
 com modation. 
 
 Agents at Stockliohii : C. 0. Strind- 
 berg & Co., fil. C. Carlsson & Co. 
 
 The Slocklolm-Westeras-Beryslayen Railway 
 
 offers tlie quickest and most convenient route 
 between Stockholm and the towns of Enkoping, 
 Westeras, Koping, and Orebro, and is at the 
 same time the shortest way between Northern 
 and Southern .Sweden via Koping, or Kol- 
 Ijiick — Sala. 
 
 Travellers to the Iseautiful province of 
 Dalecarlia, or Dalarne, should take note of the 
 variety of scenery, first by rail from Stockholm 
 to Engelsberg along the shore of Lake Malar, 
 with its many islands and sinuous bays, and 
 ihen through the grand and charming mining 
 districts, called Bergslagen; then leaving the 
 railway by steamer along Stromsholm's Canal 
 to Smedjebacken. 
 
 Elegant and comfortable bogie carriages. 
 
 Excellent restaurants at various stations 
 and on the steamers. 
 
 86 
 
inyfartyys-Aklieboiaget Siidra Sverige. 
 
 Some first-class elegantly fitted passenger- 
 mail-steamers belonging to the said company 
 are running between the following ports. 
 
 "/EOLUS" 
 
 Stockholm — Malm 6 — Copenhagen. 
 
 "BIRGER JARL" &. "DROTTNING SOFIA" 
 
 Stockholm — Malmb, — Copenhagen via 
 Malmo, Gothenburg— Christiania. 
 
 "KONUNG OSCAR," "SVEA," 
 "HYPERION," "RHEA" 
 
 Stockholm — Malmo — Copenhagen via 
 Malmo, Gothenburg. 
 
 Passage-Money : 
 
 Class I II IN 
 
 Stockholm— .Malmo 1 Kronor 
 
 " — Copenhagen 25, — 16. — S. — 
 " — Gothenburg! 
 
 " — Christiania 40. — 25.--— 14. — 
 board not included. 
 
 Further information through advertisements 
 and by applying to the following agents of 
 the company: 
 
 in Stockholm: N. C. Carlsson & Co., Skepps- 
 bron 10. 
 
 " Malmo: Thomee & Co. for ^Eolus. 
 
 " " Berque & Co. for the other steamers. 
 
 " Gothenburg: F. B. Wahlquist. 
 
 " Christiania: Berg-Hansen. 
 
 " Copenhagen: Carl Krarup, Amaliegade 31. 
 
 Regular line of steamers between 
 rpBECK and STOCKHOLM. 
 
 The Nya Recleri-Aktiebolaget 
 
 Svea's lirst-class elegantly and com- 
 fortably furnished, fastgoing Royal 
 Mail steamers. 
 
 GAUTHIOD & SVITHIOD 
 
 will sail up to middle of September: 
 
 From LUBECK: 
 GAU'l'HIOU every Wednesday at 5.33 f. M. 
 SVITHIOD every Saturday at 5.30 f. M. 
 touching at Calmar. 
 
 From STOCKHOLM: 
 
 GAUTHIOD every Sunday at 10 .\. M. 
 SVITHIOD every Wednesday at 10 a. m. 
 
 From the beginning of September a spe- 
 cial sailing plaji will be advertised in the daily 
 papers. 
 
 The voyage occupies about 42 hours and 
 a considerable part of the route goes inshore. 
 Return tickets available for the season. 
 
 Agents: O/son & Wright, Stockholm. 
 " Sven Soderbergh & Bo/in, Cal- 
 mar. 
 
 " Luders & Stangc, Liibeck. 
 
 87