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THE 
 
 Cttlesiastital, Castellatei), 
 
 AND 
 
 Bomestit 
 
 ARCHITECTURE OP ENGLAND, 
 
 FROM THE NORMAN ERA TO THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 Jllustrateti t|)e I)est existing ^.ramples in t^c 
 (iToxintg of 0sse.x, 
 
 WITH 
 
 ♦ 
 
 PLANS, ELEVATIONS, SECTIONS, DETAILS, AND EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR VIEWS, 
 FROM A SERIES OF ORIGINAL MEASURED DRAWINGS, 
 
 WITH 
 
 ARCHITECTURAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL DESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 BY 
 
 Saittfs llatififlti, 
 
 ARCHITECT. 
 
 LONDON ; 
 
 JOHN WILLIAMS AND CO., 
 
 ARCHITECTURAL AND ENGINEERING PUBLISHERS, 
 14], STRAND. 
 
 MDCCCXLVHI. 
 
ALEXANDER MACINTOSH, 
 
 GREAT 
 
 PRINTER, 
 
 NEW STREET, LONDON. 
 
TO THE MOST NOBLE 
 
 THE MARQUIS OF NORTHAMPTON, K.G, 
 
 AN ENLIGHTENED AND LIBERAL PATRON OF 
 MEDIEVAL ART, 
 
 m)i& OTorfe, 
 
 WITH HIS LORDSHIP’S PERMISSION, 
 
 IS MOST GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED, 
 
 BY HIS OBLIGED AND FAITHFUL SERVANT, 
 
 ^uti)or 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2015 
 
 https://archive.org/details/ecclesiasticalcaOOhadf 
 
Eo)rU)fll Cj^urdj, Cssf)c. 
 
 HIS Church is a very good example of the late decorated style of Christian 
 Architecture of the period of Edward III., between the years 1351 and 1377. 
 i\^ This date refers to the style and not to the time of its erection, which appears to have 
 
 V taken place about the time of Eichard II. and Henry IV., between the years 1377 
 
 " ^ and 1404. Viewing the Church externally, there is very little to attract the 
 
 attention, except it be the tracery of the windows. The walls are entirely built of 
 flints and rubble ; the dressings of the door-ways, windows, and buttresses are of clunch stone, 
 which are annually yielding to the devouring tooth of time. The wanton hand of spoliation has 
 also done much in destroying and defacing some of their greatest beauties. The offsets and faces 
 of the buttresses are almost entirely destroyed, and have been patched and plastered in the most 
 tasteless manner. The east window on the south side of the Nave has been entirely demolished. 
 There are two wooden porches, — one on the south side, used as a vestry ; and one on the north 
 side, which is now the public entrance into the Church ; both have been stripped of every 
 architectural feature peculiar to the age in which they were built. The building on the north 
 side of the Chancel is of later date than the rest of the Church; which, with this exception, 
 was wholly built at one time, and from the designs of the same architect. The small building 
 here referred to seems to have been formerly used as a Chantry Chapel, as it is furnished with a 
 piscina ; there is also a room above this Chapel, (or what may have been both Chapel and 
 Vestry,) which is now used as a place of burial for the Bramston family. There is a small plain 
 wooden Tower, crowned with a spire, at the west end of the Church. The roofs of the Nave 
 and Chancel are covered with flat red tiles. On entering the Church by the north doorway, the 
 first thing that presents itself is a most unsightly gallery, at the west end of the Nave, covering 
 the north and south doorways, and also the two windows eastward of them. On examining 
 every part of -this once glorious Church, it would appear as if the powers of darkness had been 
 let loose upon it : there are no oak benches, no encaustic tiles, no fresco paintings to adorn its 
 walls, no font worthy to be called by that name : but the pedestal on which the ancient font 
 stood is still remaining in its original place at the west end, as shown on the ground plan. 
 
 The whole of the windows were filled with stained glass of the richest description, which is 
 most clearly evinced by the broken and misplaced fragments that sacrilegious hands have spared. 
 
 B 
 
2 
 
 The furniture of the Church is all in the worst modern taste; the piscina in the Chancel is 
 blocked up ; the sedilia were in the bottom of the window next to it. The two water stoups 
 remain in a tolerable perfect state, and are shown on the ground plan adjoining the two 
 doorways. 
 
 Plate I. — Fig. 1, represents one-half of the exterior, and one-half of the interior elevation 
 of the north and south doorways of the Nave ; the labels of both doorways were supported on 
 corbel heads, but they are so completely defaced as to render it impossible to make a restored 
 drawing of any one of the four. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents a vertical section of the doorway with two descending steps to 
 the Nave. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the horizontal plan of the exterior jamb mouldings. This doorway is a 
 good example of the style to which it belongs, both in its details and proportions ; the fillet that 
 separates the two ogee mouldings of the inner jamb is remarkably effective : the label is also 
 good, and in fact the whole doorway is well adapted for modern imitation. 
 
 Fig. 4, represents the plan of the Chancel arch.* 
 
 Plate II. — Fig. 1, shows the ground plan* of the Church, which may be justly considered 
 well proportioned in most of its parts, and would with the following alterations be rendered an 
 excellent model for modern imitation. Take the superficial contents of the ffoor, and convert 
 them into exactly two squares in length, which would make the Nave to be about 26 
 feet 8 inches wide and about 53 feet 4 inches long, thus increasing the breadth 2 feet 3 inches, 
 and reducing the length 5 feet 8 inches. The Chancel might be retained as it is, with the 
 exception of increasing the width of its arch from 11 feet 7^ inches to 14 feet, and making 
 the height from the floor to the spring, (instead of 15 feet 9 inches as at present,) 16 feet 6 
 inches, and a buttress might be placed between every pair of windows. If it be asked why 
 these improvements did not strike the mind of the Architect who designed the Church, 
 (generally superior as the Architects of ancient times were to those of the present day in 
 talent and judgment,) the answer is obvious; that the religious services of that period 
 differed in many respects from those of the Protestant Church, as for example, side Chapels, 
 such as the Chapel of the Blessed Virgin, and the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, now 
 unnecessary, formed before the Beformation a very important part of almost every Church 
 in the kingdom, and from a very slight inspection of the ground plan of Boxwell Church, it will 
 be readily perceived that side Chapels did form a part of the original design. The presence 
 of the three-light window on the north side of the Nave, as shown on the ground plan, is 
 conclusive evidence of there having been a Chapel in that corner of the Nave, and such 
 being the case, it was impossible for the Chancel arch to have had a greater span than is 
 given to it. As to the apparent disproportionate length of the Nave when compared with its 
 width, it must be recollected that every Church without an exception had what is called a 
 Galilee of some sort or other: it was in many instances at the west end of the Nave, and 
 
 * N.B. The scale immediately below this figure is not applicable to it. It is applicable to Fig. 3 only, and not to 
 Fig. 4, although expressed so by mistake on the plate. 
 
3 
 
 screened off from the rest of the Church by what is called a perclose, and such evidently 
 appears to have been the case at Roxwell. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents a transverse section of the Nave, showing the open timber roof and 
 the Chancel arch. The roof, it is to be regretted, is not visible from below, and its 
 construction can be ascertained only by climbing up the belfry. It is also impossible to 
 determine whether this roof be the original one or not, as there is not a single moulding of 
 any kind whereby to form a correct judgment as to the particular class or style to which it 
 belongs; nevertheless, so far as opinion goes, we firmly believe it to be the original, — first, 
 because the age of the Church is not sufficient to have required any other ; and, secondly, 
 because if a new roof had at any time been required, it would in all probability have shown 
 marks of a modern and degenerate taste. Upon close inspection it will at once be 
 perceived, that beauty, utility, and economy have been blended together in an admirable 
 and masterly manner. This roof must, therefore, have formed a pleasing sight when seen 
 from the west end of the Nave, 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the exterior elevation of the three-light window at the north-east 
 corner of the Nave. Every one who is capable of appreciating architectural beauty, will, 
 at the first sight of this window, feel constrained to acknowledge that it possesses many 
 beauties which at once bespeak the talent and taste of the designer: nevertheless it has its 
 defects as well as its beauties. A well-practised eye will perceive that the flowing tracery 
 in the middle of the window is not sufficiently aspiring in its character; this defect is caused 
 by the arch being too obtusely pointed ; moreover the same degree of grace and harmony 
 does not exist between the tracery at the heads of the two outside lights, as w'ould have 
 been the case had the head of the window been more acutely pointed. The tracery in the 
 middle is rather depressed, and that part of it at the heads of the two side lights seems to be 
 somewhat crippled and squeezed in. Were this window adopted as a model, we would 
 recommend that the height from the sill to the springing, should be reduced from 6 feet 
 8 inches to 5 feet 10 inches, and the height of the head increased from 3 feet 5 inches 
 to 4 feet 3 inches, the total height would thus remain the same. The various measurements 
 of this beautiful window were taken in the year 1824, since which time nearly all the 
 tracery has been broken down, and of this once beauteous window a skeleton alone now remains. 
 
 Fig. 4, shows the plan of the outer jamb of the window. A, represents the section of the 
 cusps, B, the section of the small tracery mullion, and C, the section of the large mullion. 
 
 Fig. 5, represents the section of the sill of every window of the Nave. 
 
 Plate III. — Fig. 1, represents the exterior elevation of the head of the middle window on 
 the south side, which may without the slightest reserve be pronounced one of the most 
 beautiful two-light windows in the county of Essex ; grace, repose, and simplicity characterize it. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows the plan of the exterior jamb of the same window. A, the cusps, and 
 B, the mullion. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the exterior elevation of the head of the west window on the south 
 side, and also of the two next windows eastward of the north doorway. The great and small 
 mullions are precisely the same both in sections and dimensions as Fig. 4, Plate II., and the 
 
4 
 
 rest of the jambs are the same as Fig. 2, Plate III., and the label the same as Fig. 5, Plate III. 
 It has already been stated that there are three windows of the same pattern and design 
 with the exception of the labels, one of which is crowned with the same label as Fig. 5, 
 Plate III., and one with the same as Fig. 2, Plate III., and the other the same as Fig. 4, 
 Plate II., which represents the interior elevation of the west window of the Nave, and also the 
 north-west window of the Chancel. A judge, upon cursory inspection of this window, would 
 conclude that it is at least two-thirds of a century later in date than the windows previously 
 described, and so was at first thought, but after bestowing a very considerable degree of 
 trouble in minutely examining every stone of each window, both inside and out, a difierent 
 conclusion was come to ; for the stones of which the several windows are composed were 
 all brought from the same quarry, and wrought by the same hands at the same time, for if 
 the window now under notice was of later date, the stone work would be in a much 
 higher state of preservation than that of the other windows; such, however, is not the case, 
 and all that can be argued on the subject is, that in some instances the decorated style 
 continued to be used for a considerable period after the perpendicular style had been introduced. 
 
 The heads of the two-light windows only are given because they are all of the same 
 height from the sill up to the springing of the arches, namely 6 feet 8 inches. The interior 
 elevation of Fig. 4, Plate III., represents all the windows, the tracery excepted. Fig. 5, 
 represents the jamb mouldings of Fig. 4. The east window and two of those on the south 
 side of the Chancel are not worth noticing. Fig. 6, Plate III., shows the side elevation of one 
 of the diagonal buttresses at the west end of the Nave; it must be perceived that the head, set 
 off, base, and plinth are all very good, especially the base and two drips. 
 
 This Church is situated five miles west of Chelmsford. 
 
 (§rrat 33aiii)oiD 
 
 This Church is situated about two miles south-east of Chelmsford, and the following remarks 
 are the result of a careful examination of every part of the structure. The walls of the body 
 are entirely composed of uncut flints, of almost every shape and size, and consequently present a 
 very rough and uneven surface. The Tower is built partly of split and partly of unsplit 
 flints, which are carefully sorted : the split flints are chiefly used in the faces of the buttresses, 
 two of which flank each corner of the Tower. The whole Church has been so altered and 
 spoiled from time to time, that there is very little left either for the eye or the understanding to 
 feast upon. A red brick clear story has been added of a very late Tudor character, not worth 
 describing ; and the same remark is strictly applicable to every part of the Church, externally 
 and internally, except what is given on the plates: we therefore proceed to describe them. 
 Nos. 4, 5, and 6. 
 
 Plate IV. — Fig. 1, represents a section of the Nave from east to west, showing the 
 
5 
 
 pillars and arches on the north side, with the dimensions figured on the parts. The ground plan 
 of this Church is omitted, because it appears to be so bad in its proportions, as the following 
 dimensions will clearly show. The breadth of each of the Aisles is 14 feet 2 -^ inches. That 
 of the Nave is 23 feet 6 inches. The total width internally, including the responds, is 56 feet 
 4^ inches ; but the total internal length is only 45 feet 1 1^: inches : the faultiness of such 
 proportions cannot lessen the value and goodness of the details. T, represents the plan of 
 the east respond, and G, the plan of the west one. H, represents the plan of the octagon 
 pillar, and J, the plan of the round one ; and the parts not tinted show the projection of the 
 base moulding. A, B, C, and D, show the plans of the springers or imposts; the parts not tinted 
 show the tops of the abaci, both of the pillars and responds. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents one half of the exterior elevation of the south doorway. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the capital of the pillar. 
 
 Fig. 4, the base, which was measured in the year 1824, since which it has been destroyed. 
 
 Fig. 5, shows the plan of the jamb moulding, and 
 
 Fig. 6, the plan of the arch mouldings : L, the plinths, K, the base, N and M, the abacus. 
 This doorway must have been extremely beautiful when in its perfect state ; the shafts of 
 the pillars standing out as free as if they were detached; the torus mould, accompanied by 
 the two deeply cut and varied hollows, together with the small diagonal fillet, form a very 
 rich and pleasing contrast to the splay on the outside of the jamb. The mouldings of the arch 
 are not less beautiful than those of the jamb ; a dignified boldness of expression is the 
 characteristic of both. It would be almost impossible for the most talented architect in the 
 world to make the slightest improvement either in the dimensions or proportions of this beautiful 
 doorway ; and it is very greatly to be lamented that such a glorious specimen of the talents 
 and zeal of our forefathers, should have been treated and neglected in the way that it has 
 been ; but there is some reason to hope that the time is fast arriving when this venerable 
 relic of by-gone days will be completely restored, and it is hoped that these remarks may be of 
 service in effecting this laudable undertaking. 
 
 We now pass on to Plate V., which presents a good example of base mouldings and 
 capitals. 
 
 Figs. 1 and 2, represent the respond-corbel at the west end on the north side. 
 
 Figs. 3 and 4, the base mouldings of the octagon and round pillars, as shown on 
 
 Plate IV. 
 
 Fig. 5, represents the base and capital of the respond at the east end both of the north 
 and south side of the Nave, and 
 
 Fig. 6, the respond-corbel at the west end on the south side. 
 
 Plate VI. — Furnishes a very good example of a window and doorway. 
 
 Fig. 1, represents one half of the exterior and one half of the interior elevation of the 
 
 east window on the south side. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows the exterior half of the plan of both jamb and mullion. A, the mullion, and 
 B, the cusps. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the inner half of the mullion and jamb, A, the cusps, and B, the mullion. 
 
 c 
 
6 
 
 Tliis window is in good condition, and is a good plain example of the style and period to which 
 it belongs. 
 
 Fig. 4, shows one half of the exterior elevation of the west doorway. This is a good 
 example ; but in consequence of similar specimens being frequently met with, the same degree 
 of importance is not to be attached to it as to the one previously described: nevertheless, it 
 is really good both in its details and proportions. 
 
 Fig. 5, shows the plan of the jamb-arch and label of the west doorway. It now remains to 
 state the styles and dates of the several subjects given on Plates IV., V., and VI. The whole 
 of the matter given on these plates, with the exception of the west doorway, is in the 
 transition style from Early to Decorated English of the period of Henry III., between the 
 years 1245 and 1272. The west doorway is in the decorated style of the period of Edward II. 
 and Edward III., between the years 1325 and 1351. 
 
 jfairstrli C^urrJ). 
 
 This Church is situated about nine or ten miles north of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave and 
 Chancel, with a Tower at the west end. The Nave and lower part of the Tower are Norman; 
 the Chancel is early English, but there is not a feature about the whole Church, externally 
 or internally, entitled to the least notice, except the sedilia, which are given on Plates VII. 
 and VIII. 
 
 Plate VII. — Figs. 1 and 2, represent the elevation and plan of the sedilia. 
 
 Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, are drawn the full size, and it is hoped that with the letters of 
 reference, everything given on both the plates will be clearly understood. 
 
 Figs. 3 and 4, show the face and side elevations of the label-moulding, marked H ; and 
 the beautiful little corbel-shield by which it is supported, is represented at E ; the plan of the 
 label is marked H, Fig. 6 ; and the two small abaci are shown at Fig. 5 ; the letter G, shows 
 the part of the elevation to which it belongs. 
 
 Plate VIII. — Figs. 1 and 2, represent the front and side elevation of the pillar, with the 
 corbel and console which support it, drawn to one-fourth the full size. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents a profile of the same pillar. By examining both plates together, the 
 relative position of the several details will be clearly understood, as the same letters of reference 
 are shown on both plates. 
 
 Figs. 4 and 5, are drawn the full size, and so is Fig. 6, to represent the stop at the bottom 
 of the two vertical splays. The whole of these details are exceedingly good; and, as they are 
 not expensive in execution, are well adapted for modern practice. They are of the early English 
 style of the time of Henry HI., between the years 1217 and 1245. 
 
7 
 
 OTtllinffalf ^patn 
 
 Plate IX. represents a restored elevation of the north door of this Church. This door, 
 together with its iron work, is without doubt one of the oldest specimens in the county, and is 
 possessed of many good features, well worthy of the study both of the architect and the smith ; 
 every part of it is pleasing both in design and execution, as well as in the variety of its details ; 
 the heads of the nails stand out from the iron-work three-fourths of an inch, and appear to have 
 been stamped with a mould, the pattern of which cannot now be made out, as they are so much 
 corroded by the action of the atmosphere upon them, and it is feared that in a few years hence, 
 the whole of this most beautiful door will crumble away. Its present condition very strongly 
 testifies that the inhabitants of Willingale Spain are not possessed of much love for this 
 remarkable relic of antiquity, or they never would allow it to remain year after year without 
 making some effort to restore it. It is earnestly hoped that if this account should fall into the 
 hands of some one or more in the parish who may have the means at command, they will at once 
 endeavour to restore this fine example of ancient iron work. This door is either late Saxon 
 or very early Norman ; the latest date that can be assigned to it is of the time of William I., 
 between the years 1066 and 1127. As to the Church from which the drawing is taken, there 
 can be no doubt whatever that the whole of the shell is Saxon, as it possesses almost every 
 feature which are both said and believed to be the constituent characteristics of that style. It is, 
 however, impossible to assign any fixed date. The walls were certainly built long before the 
 Conquest. The north elevation of the Nave is nearly as perfect as when first built, never 
 having been altered or meddled with in any way. The walls are composed of flint and rough 
 rubble, together with a very considerable quantity of Poman bricks ; indeed the north doorway 
 is entirely composed of them. The dimensions of the Church are as follows : — Internal length of 
 the Chancel, 24 feet 3 inches; width, 15 feet 2 inches; length of the Nave, 40 feet 9 inches; 
 width, 18 feet 9 inches. The walls of the Chancel are 2 feet 2 inches thick, and those of the 
 Nave 2 feet 10^ inches. There are only three of the original windows left ; two on the north 
 side, which are perfect, and one on the south side, which is built up ; each window measures on 
 the face of the glass, 10 inches wide and 2 feet 5 inches high in the centre. The width of each 
 of the windows on the external face of the wall is 1 foot, and on the internal face of the wall, 
 3 feet 6 inches. The depth of the splay of the window bottoms inside is 1 foot 7 inches, and from 
 the fioor up to the glass is 10 feet 8 inches, and from the floor to the top of the side walls is 
 16 feet 11 inches. The windows at the west end have been destroyed, and the whole of the 
 Chancel windows are of modern date and very poor. The centre of both the north and 
 south doorways is 13 feet 3^ inches from the inner face of the west Avail, and the font is 
 situated on the left hand side, crossing from the south to the north door, half-way between 
 the tAvo. 
 
8 
 
 ^irljolas Cijurr]^, Clipping OTitljam, 
 
 Is 8 miles north-east by east of Chelmsford, and not more than half-a-mile from the railway 
 station at Witham. This Church is exceedingly well adapted for modern imitation, both as 
 regards its proportions and details. It consists of a Nave and two Aisles ; a Chancel, with a side 
 Chapel on the south side, two bays in length, the east end of which is flush with the east end 
 of the Chancel. This Chapel was, in the days of Popish idolatry, called “ The Chapel of the 
 Blessed Sacrament.” It is furnished both with a piscina and sedilia. On the north side of the 
 Chancel is another Chapel, one bay in length, which was called “ The Chapel of the Blessed 
 Virgin,” to the east of which stands the vestry, or what was before the Reformation called 
 “The Sacristy.” There is a Tower at the west end of the Nave, measuring within the 
 walls from north to south, 10 feet 10 inches, and from east to west, 11 feet 1 inch. The 
 walls are 3 feet 5 inches thick. There is a very fine bold arch opening from the Nave into the 
 Tower, measuring from pillar to pillar, 7 feet; and from the level of the original floor up 
 to the springing of the arch, 14 feet 7 inches, and from thence to the under point of the 
 arch, 5 feet 7 inches, making in the whole 20 feet 2 inches; the span of the arch is 
 6 feet 3 inches; the diameter of the two responds, or half-pillars that support the Tower 
 arch, 2 feet 4 inches ; the capitals and bases are the same as those of the Nave ; the proportions 
 of the Nave are very good, the dimensions of the ground plan being from the west face of the 
 Cliancel arch to the east face of the Tower arch, 64 feet 10 inches; the internal length of the 
 Aisles is 65 feet 7 inches; and the width of each Aisle from wall to pillar, 11 feet 10^ inches; 
 and the breadth of the Nave from pillar to pillar, 20 feet 9 inches ; the pillars are all 2 feet 
 in diameter, and 1 1 feet 6 inches from the floor up to the springers ; and from the floor up to the 
 under point of all the arches, on both sides of the Nave, 20 feet 4 inches. The Nave is divided 
 into four bays, and each bay on both sides measures from pillar to pillar, 13 feet; the total 
 internal width of the Nave is 48 feet 6 inches; the north and south walls, as well as those of the 
 clear story and Chancel arch, are 2 feet 7^ inches thick. The whole of the walls are composed 
 of rough flint and Roman bricks. The side Chapels before mentioned, are such poor and 
 meagre examples of late perpendicular work, that it is unnecessary to describe them. A new 
 east window has recently been put up in the Chancel. The jambs, mullions, and tracery 
 are wrought of Caen stone of the very best quality, and the execution of the works has 
 been done in such a workman-like manner, as to reflect the highest praise and credit on 
 Mr. Slyth, of Witham, who was the contractor for it ; the same gentleman has also executed 
 a most beautiful reredos. The floor within the communion-rails has been paved with enamelled 
 tiles. AU these improvements and restorations have been done at the expense of the Rev. John 
 Bramston, the Vicar, to whom the author of this volume is greatly indebted for the very kind 
 and courteous treatment which he has always received at his hands. 
 
9 
 
 Plate X. — Fig. 1, represents the elevation of one of the porch windows. There are four, 
 two on each side, of the same pattern. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents a vertical section of one half of the sill. 
 
 Fig. 3, one half of the jamb and mullion. The jambs and mullions are the same on both 
 sides of the wall. 
 
 Fig. 4, the inside label (or hood mould), and 
 
 Fig. 5, the outside label. 
 
 Fig 6, represents one half of the jamb and arch mouldings of the outer arch of the porch. 
 Both jamb and arch are moulded the same on both sides, and the labels on both sides are the 
 same as Fig. 4. 
 
 Fig. 7, represents an elevation of the arch, and one jamb of the outer opening of the 
 porch. On very closely examining this Plate, it will be perceived that the mouldings are good 
 and effective, but more especially the labels ; it will also be seen that the whole of the window is 
 beautiful in its proportions, but more especially the tracery in the head, and it would have 
 been still more beautiful if the arch of the window had been more acutely pointed ; the 
 points of all the cusps form two sides of an hexagon^ the 12 cusps at the head of the 
 three lights are half an inch thick, and the 24 cusps above, are one quarter of an inch 
 thick at the points. It gives the author great pleasure to say, that the whole of this 
 porch will in a short time undergo a complete restoration. 
 
 Plate XI. — Fig. 1, represents the face and flank elevations of the two buttresses from 
 the south-west corner of the porch, the ground table and base mouldings of the porch 
 are represented one-quarter the real size at Fig. 2, the ground table at A, and the 
 base at B. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the window strings extending along each side of the porch ; let 
 it be observed that A, B, and C, on Figs. 2 and 3, are the same as A, B, and C, on 
 Fig. 1. The half-plan of all the Nave pillars, and the interior plan of all the responds, 
 are represented at Fig. 4, and the half plan of the Tower arch at Fig. 5, and the base 
 mouldings of all the Nave pillars are represented at Fig. 6 ; this base is simple in its 
 outline and construction, and is particularly pleasing to the eye of taste, and so are all 
 the details. 
 
 Plate XII.— Fig. 1, represents one-half of the exterior elevation of the north doorway, 
 and also one-half of the interior elevation of the head of the doorway. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows a plan of the jamb, and arch mouldings of the same. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the plan of all the window-jambs, and mullions both of the Nave and 
 west window of the Tower, except one (hereafter to be described). A, represents the section of 
 the cusps, B, the section of the tracery in the head of the window, and C, the section of the 
 mullion ; perhaps it is almost unnecessary to say, that both the elevations and sections as given 
 on this Plate are possessed of an uncommon degree of beauty, but more especially the elevation 
 of the window, and the jamb and arch mouldings of the north doorway ; as to the window, it 
 is next to an impossibility to make the slightest improvement in its design ; it is very beautiful 
 in all its proportions and details, and mechanical in its construction. 
 
 D 
 
10 
 
 Plate XIII. — Fig. 1, represents the elevation of the east window on the south side of 
 the Nave. One half of the elevation represents the outside of the window and the other 
 the inside. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows the interior plan of the jamb. The exterior plan is in every respect the same 
 as Fig. 3, shown on plate 12. 
 
 Fig. 3, shows a vertical section of the sill both of this window and also of the window, 
 Fig. 4, Plate XII. ; this window, like those given on Plates X. and XII., is very beautiful 
 in all its parts, and well adapted for modern imitation, and is so accommodating in its 
 principles, that it might be successfully applied either to sacred or domestic purposes. The 
 moulding of the inner jamb and arch are very rich and beautiful. 
 
 Fig. 4, represents half an elevation of all the capitals of the Nave pUlars and responds, 
 and also of the responds of the Tower arch. The whole of the pillars and responds are very 
 excellent, both in design and execution ; the only improvement that could be made would be to 
 give inches more to the depth of the neck. The whole of the illustrations given on these 
 plates, belong to the decorated style of the time of Edward II. and Edward III., between 
 the years 1325 and 1351. 
 
 There is still remaining the greater part of the rood-loft screen, which is worthy of a 
 careful examination. 
 
 Banbitrg Cljurdj 
 
 Is situated five miles east of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave and two Aisles, a Chancel, 
 with a vestry on the north side, and a Tower at the west end. The dimensions of the 
 several parts are as follows: — length of the Chancel, 32 feet 2 inches; thickness of the 
 Chancel arch, 2 feet 6 inches; length of the Nave and Aisles, 40 feet 4 inches; breadth 
 of the Nave from pillar to pillar, 20 feet 10|^ inches; breadth of each of the Aisles from 
 
 pillar to wall, 17 feet inches; diameter of each pillar, 1 foot 10 inches; the east wall 
 
 of the vestry is flush with the east wall of the Chancel, and its internal dimensions are 
 from east to west, 14 feet, and from north to south, 9 feet. 
 
 Plate XIV. — Fig. 1, shows the ground plan of the north Aisle. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents a section of the north Aisle looking from north to south, the altitude 
 
 of which is just equal to half its length, namely, 20 feet 2 inches. The geometrical properties 
 
 and proportions of this Aisle are very remarkable ; the pillars are situated exactly 6 diameters 
 from each other, and are 4^ diameters high ; the span of each of the arches is just equal 
 
 to 5 ^ diameters, and the height 4:^; it is also further remarkable, that by placing one 
 
 leg of the compasses in the centre of the Plate, and by producing by the other leg the arc, 
 
 A, it will be seen that the arc just touches the inner face of the springers, and that 
 
 the top of the arc is on the same level with the top of the cornice ; it will also be seen 
 
11 
 
 that the diameter of the arc is equal to the length of the Aisle, and that its semi-diameter 
 is just equal to its height. It must also be further observed, that if an arc of half the 
 
 diameter of the former one be produced, it will touch the springers of the middle arch, 
 
 and terminate at B, on the floor perpendicularly below C, which is the centre from which 
 
 the western segment of the west arch is struck, and if one point of the compasses remains 
 
 stationary at the centre, C, and the other point be continued below the springing line, it 
 
 will be seen that the span of the compasses will be exactly equal to the length of the 
 
 pillars ; from these tests and observations, let no one dare to say that those great and 
 mighty champions who lived and wrought for the promotion of God’s glory and man’s 
 happiness, were ignorant of the laws of geometry, or of the laws and properties of the 
 beautiful and the sublime. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents one-half of the transverse section of the Church from north to south ; 
 
 showing the west side of the east buttress on the north side, the east window of the 
 
 north Aisle, together with half the elevation of the Chancel arch ; the roof over the Nave is of 
 the same descrijDtion as that of Roxwell Church. 
 
 Fig. 4, represents the right-hand springer of the roof of the north Aisle, together with a 
 section of the embattled cornice. 
 
 Fig. 5, represents the same parts as Fig. 4, given in elevation. 
 
 Figs. 6 and 7, represent the side and front face of a corbel-head, answering the same 
 purpose as Figs. 4 and 5. 
 
 Fig. 8, represents the ornament that crowns the head of Figs. 6 and 7. 
 
 Fig. 9, represents one of the bosses of the roof, and 
 
 Fig. 10, a section of the segmental ribs and purlins of the roof over the north Aisle. The 
 Chancel arch is perfectly new, having only been put up this present summer, 1847, under 
 the direction of Mr. Hussey, of Birmingham, the partner of the late Mr. Thomas Hickman, 
 whose name will be revered to the end of time by every lover of Christian architecture ; 
 Mr. Hussey is also engaged to restore the greater part of the Church ; one of the most beautiful 
 reredos in the kingdom has already been executed of Caen stone, and it is only just to 
 say, that a finer piece of workmanship has not been executed since the Heformation. 
 
 Plate XV. represents the elevation of the north doorway, one half as it appears on 
 the outside of the building, and the right-hand half as it appears on the inside of the 
 building. 
 
 Fig. 1, shows the mouldings of the arch. 
 
 Fig. 2, the jamb mouldings. 
 
 Figs. 3 and 4, the base and capital of the jamb shaft ; the capital is given half the 
 real size within the opening of the doorway. 
 
 Plate XVI. — Fig. 1, represents the interior elevation of the head of the window at the 
 east end of the north Aisle, together with one of the jambs, one mullion, and a portion of the sill. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents the exterior elevation of the west window of the north aisle, the six 
 cups, or double trefoil shown in the head of the window, are not now in being; one of them 
 was in the window in the year 1823, from which the other five have been restored. 
 
12 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the interior plan both of the jamb arch and mullion of the east window 
 of the north Aisle. The parts marked G, show the section of the arch, and E, the plan of the 
 jamb ; B, shows the plan of the vertical mullions, and A, the plan of the trefoils ; C, the plan of 
 the intersecting mullions in the head of the window, and D, the top of the abacus. 
 
 Fig. 4, represents the exterior plan of the jamb arch and mullion of the west window of 
 the north Aisle, and also of all the windows. A, shows the section of the cusps at the heads of 
 the two lights, and also of those in the circle. B, represents the interior substance of the double 
 trefoil circle, together with the method of securing it within the groove or rabbet of the larger 
 wheel or circle, and shows the section of the mullion. 
 
 Fig. 5, shows the capital of the mullion shafts of the east window of the north Aisle; 
 the base mouldings are all destroyed, and those which are shown on the Plate are only 
 conjectural. 
 
 Plate XVII. — Fig. 1, represents the elevation of the four side windows of the north Aisle; 
 the left-hand half represents the windows as they appear on the outside, and the right-hand 
 half as they appear on the inside. It is rather unfortunate that this figure is drawn to a scale 
 of three-quarters of an inch to a foot instead of half-an-inch, which is the scale the other 
 windows of this Church are drawn to ; in consequence of this mistake the left-hand bay 
 could not be shown to the proper height, as would have been the case if it had been 
 drawn to the same scale as the others: the mistake was not discovered until it was too late 
 to remedy it, but the window is not less valuable on that account. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents the inner half of the jamb and sofiite of the arch ; the line A, shows the 
 jamb, and the line A and B, the sofiite; the outer half of the jamb is in all respects the same 
 as Fig. 4, Plate XVI. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the profile of all the capitals of the nave pillars and responds. 
 
 Fig. 4, shows the base mouldings of the four responds. 
 
 Fig. 5, shows the base mouldings of the four pillars. 
 
 Fig. 6, gives a half plan of the impost or springer of all the arches of the nave, and also 
 
 one-half of all the responds above the springing of the arches. A, represents the top of 
 
 the abacus. 
 
 Fig. 7, represents half the plan of all the pillars, and also one-half of all the responds ; B, 
 the base, and C, the plinth. 
 
 Figs. 8 and 9, represent the elevation of two sepulchres built in the north wall of the 
 north aisle, under the two windows marked A, on the ground plan, Fig. 1, Plate XIV. 
 
 Plate XVIII. — Fig. 1, shows the plan of Figs. 3 and 4, with the projection of the base 
 mouldings. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents a section of the arch-mouldings and label, together with the projection of 
 the abacus. 
 
 Figs. 3 and 4, are the same as Figs. 8 and 9, Plate XVII., drawn to a larger scale, with all 
 the dimensions figured on the parts. 
 
 Fig. 5, represents the ground plan of the Lanthorn Tower of Bicknacre Priory, near 
 Danbury. 
 
13 
 
 Fig. 6, shows the half-plan of one of the clustered pillars, with the hase-mouldings and 
 square-plinths ; A, shows the nook-shafts to a larger scale. 
 
 Fig. 7, represents the section of the four arches, and B, the moulding that springs from the 
 nook-shafts ; the line that surrounds this figure shows the projection of the abacus. 
 
 Fig. 8, shows the outline of all the pillars ; there is only one of the arches now standing, 
 and it is impossible to ascertain what may have been the size of the Church when it was 
 in its perfect state; its date however is certain; it was built and endowed in the reign of 
 Henry II., between the years 1189 and 1198, and is in the early English style, in its 
 first stage or period, and it is a very good example, and well adapted for modern imitation. 
 All the plans, sections, and details from Danbury Church, as given on Plates XIV., XV., 
 XVI., XVII., and XVIII., are in the early decorated style, between the years 1272 
 and 1299, during the reign of Edward I. This date only refers to the stone-work; the 
 roof over the north aisle is of a much later date, and judging from the details, it seems 
 to have been made and put up between the years 1458 and 1485, during the reigns of 
 Henry VL, Edward IV., Edward V., and Pichard HI. The style of architecture to which 
 the roof belongs, is transition from Perpendicular to Tudor. The Church of Danbury possesses 
 a great many valuable features, amongst which may be mentioned a number of poppy-heads, 
 old stall-backs, and top rails, all of which are completely buried amongst the pews with 
 which the Nave of this once glorious Church is now encumbered; however, it is a matter 
 of no small rejoicing to know that there still remains a sufficient number of its original 
 details, to enable any competent individual to form a correct judgment respecting the 
 dignity and beauty of this Church, wdien it was shining forth in all its primitive glories; 
 but alas, they have almost all disappeared. The windows were once filled with stained glass, of 
 which not a single fragment now remains; it was also paved with enamelled tiles, several 
 fragments of which have lately been brought to light; the original font is destroyed; the 
 exquisitely beautiful wooden porch that once graced the north side has been swept away, 
 and one of the most ugly substitutes imaginable erected in its stead. The interior of the 
 Church was in a most disgraceful condition; and the last time but one that the author of 
 this volume was there, he discovered a lot of rubbish in the piscina, which is now in such 
 a dilapidated condition that a correct drawing could not be taken. In the north wall of 
 the chancel there is a small opening that would enable a person to look from the sacristy 
 to the high altar; this is partly blocked up, and that side of the opening next to the vestry 
 forms a small cupboard; indeed, till within the last few weeks the whole Church was in 
 a most shameful condition ; something, however, has been lately done to remove a few of 
 the evils here complained of, and it is to be hoped that the honourable and pious work of 
 repairing and restoring it will not be allowed to stop for want of money, and especially 
 as there is more than twenty times the amount of overplus wealth in the parish to enable 
 its possessors to restore this Church in the most complete and perfect manner. 
 
 Danbury Church is situated about five miles east of Chelmsford. The ruins of Bicknacre 
 Priory are six-and-a-half miles south-east by east of Chelmsford. 
 
 E 
 
14 
 
 Siaiooiitiam Jfems C^iurcl^ 
 
 Is situate about nine miles south-east of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave with two aisles, 
 a Chancel, with a vestry on the north side, and formerly a tower at the west end. The 
 following are the dimensions of the ground plan ; — Length of Chancel, 33 feet 4^ inches ; 
 length of the Nave and aisles, 48 feet; breadth of the Chancel, 21 feet 7^ inches; breadth 
 of the Nave from pillar to pillar, 23 feet 1^ inches; diameter of each pillar, 2 feet 2 ^ inches; 
 breadth of each aisle 8 feet 6^ inches; total width of the Nave and aisles from wall to wall, 
 44 feet 6 inches ; total length of the Nave and Chancel within, including the chancel arch, 
 83 feet 9 inches. The tower was 12 feet 3 inches square within, the walls 5 feet 6 inches 
 thick, and the side walls of both Nave and Chancel are 2 feet 5 inches thick ; the east wall 
 of the Chancel, and also the Chancel arch are each 2 feet 4^ inches thick; all the other 
 dimensions necessary to be given are shown on Plate XX. Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, represent 
 all the different varieties of capitals of the Nave pillars and responds, on both sides. 
 
 Fig. 1, represents the capital of the west respond on the south side. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows the capitals of the two pillars and east respond on the south side. The east 
 responds on both sides of the Nave are semi-octagon, and those at the west end are semicircular, 
 the two pillars on the north are as shown on the Plate, but on the south side the octagon pillar 
 exchanges places with the circular one. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the west respond on the south side. 
 
 Fig. 4, shows the capitals of the two pillars and east respond on the north side. 
 
 Fig. 5, represents the base mouldings of the west pillar and responds on both sides of the 
 Nave. 
 
 Fig. 6, the base mouldings of the east pillar and respond on both sides of the Nave. 
 
 Fig. 7, represents a longitudinal section of the north side of the Nave. 
 
 Fig. 8, represents the plan of the two west responds, and 
 
 Fig. 9, the plan of the two east responds, except that the one on the north side, has 
 a small niche cut out of its north-west face, as shown on the Plate, the use of which cannot 
 now be ascertained ; it never was intended for a piscina, as it had neither basin nor water-drain, 
 it is only 7 inches wide, and 5 inches from the face of the pillar to the back of the niche, neither 
 could it have been intended to contain an image, as it is only 2 feet 9 inches above the floor on 
 which the altar formerly stood ; it is not unlikely that it was intended to contain a small lamp 
 or taper. 
 
 Fig. 10, represents the imposts or springers of all the nave arches, and the outside line the 
 projection of the capitals, both of the round and octagon pillars. Having explained the figures 
 of this Plate, it is hoped that a short description of the venerable structure in its present state 
 may prove acceptable. 
 
 The windows on both sides of the Nave and Chancel are the same as those of some other 
 
15 
 
 churches hereafter to be described. The north and south doorways contain no features worthy 
 of description ; the buttresses were good when in a perfect state, but are now in so deplorable a 
 condition as to render an intelligible description impossible ; indeed every part of the exterior is 
 very dilapidated, especially the west end, where the beautiful tower once stood, which fell down 
 several years since, and the materials were taken away. A most tasteless wooden bell turret has 
 been erected on the ridge of the roof, and a window inserted of large dimensions with slender 
 square wooden mullions flush with the face of the exterior wall. Unfortunately the condition of 
 the interior resembles too closely that of the exterior. At the west end of the nave there is a 
 most unsightly gallery, which however is in keeping with the pews, with the exception of a 
 small space of about half a bay at the west end, where a few of the old oak benches are allowed 
 to remain. The Chancel was formerly divided from the Nave by a rood-loft screen, the beauty of 
 which may be inferred from the portion of it that remains ; the piscina is blocked up, and the 
 sedilia need no description. The pillars, together with the arches and clear-story, are of the 
 early English style, and were built during the reigns of Henry II., Eichard I., and John, 
 between the years 1189 and 1217, the chancel appears to have been built between the years 
 1245 and 1272 in the time of Henry III. ; the style is transition from early to decorated English, 
 the windows of the aisles appear to have been inserted during the time of Edward III., between 
 the years 1351 and 1377 ; the style is late decorated, the aisle-roofs are also of the same style 
 and date, the beautiful tower that once adorned the west end was built in the time of Henry VI., 
 between the years 1431 and 1458, the style was perpendicular in its third period. 
 
 ©olilungljurst Cj^urcl). 
 
 This Church, situate about twelve or thirteen miles south-west of Chelmsford, does not possess 
 any architectural feature worth describing except the south doorway, which is given with all its 
 details on Plate XXI. 
 
 Fig. 1, represents the elevation, one-half as it appears on the outside, and the other half as 
 it appears on the inside. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows a vertical section of the same, looking west. 
 
 Figs. 3 and 4, the dog-tooth ornament by which the arch is enriched, and 
 Figs. 5 and 6, the beautiful corbel from which springs the label. 
 
 Fig. 7, shows the base and capital of the exterior jamb and arch mouldings. 
 
 Fig. 8, represents the jamb, and Fig. 9, the arch mouldings. 
 
 The beauties of this doorway are so very striking as to render any further description of it 
 unnecessary ; the style is early English, of the time of Henry III., between the years 1217 
 and 1245. 
 
16 
 
 
 Is situated four miles east of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave and two Aisles, with a 
 massive square Tower between the Nave and Chancel, and a red brick Chapel on the 
 south side of the Chancel ; the lower part of the Tower is Saxon, and was a complete Tower of 
 itself, and without doubt formed a part of one of the Churches built by St. Cedd, in the 
 year 653. The present Church is a mixed one, containing portions of every style ; the 
 upper stage of the Tower was added during the Norman period, sometime between the 
 years 1066 and 1097, the bottom part of the Tower is all that now remains of the old 
 Saxon Church, and the upper part is all that remains of the succeeding Norman Church. 
 The pillars and arches, and west end of the Nave and south aisle, and half the length 
 of the wall of the south Aisle, are early English of the period of Henry II., Richard I., 
 and John, between the years 1189 and 1217 ; the Nave is four bays in length; the six 
 pillars are octagon ; in plan the arches are slightly chamfered and obtusely pointed. The 
 following are the dimensions of the Nave and south Aisle: — Width of Nave from pillar to 
 pillar 17 feet 3 inches ; width of the south Aisle, the western half of its length from 
 pillar to wall 5 feet 8^ inches; width of the eastern half 13 feet 9^ inches; from pillar 
 to pillar (measuring from east to west) 13 feet 8 inches ; diameter of each pillar, 2 feet 
 1 inch ; length of the eastern half of the south Aisle 30 feet, and of the w’estern half 30 
 feet 7 inches. The eastern portion of this Aisle was originally the Chapel of the Blessed 
 Sacrament ; it is lighted by two windows, nearly the same as the west window of the north 
 Aisle of Danbury Church, as given on Plate XVI. ; there is also a trefoil-headed piscina 
 in the south wall of this chapel, with a double chamfer, and nearly the same in its outline 
 and proportions as one of the panels of the font, represented on Plate XIX. The 
 style of this Chapel, and the font, situated at the west end of the south Aisle, are early 
 decorated of the time of Edward I., between the years 1272 and 1299 ; there is a 
 trefoil-headed window of one light at the west end of the north wall of the Chancel 
 of the same date. The east window of the Chancel has been blocked up for many years 
 past ; at the east end of the north Aisle is still remaining in a perfect state, a tolerably 
 good parclose screen, and at the west end of the south Aisle is a small early English 
 
 window of the same date as the Nave; its dimensions are as follows: — Width on the 
 
 outer face of the wall 12-| inches ; on the face of the glass 8|; inches, and on the inner 
 face of the wall 5 feet; depth of the horizontal splay of the window sill outside, 4 inches, 
 
 and on the inside 2 feet 10 ^ inches height; of the window from the top of the sill up 
 
 to the springing 2 feet 5 ^ inches, and from thence up to the under point of the arch 
 8-| inches. 
 
 Plate XXII. — Fig. 1, represents a horizontal section of one-half of the font taken 
 
17 
 
 through the panels, showing the projections of the base mouldings; and half of the figure 
 represents one-half of the bowl. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows a diagonal elevation of the font. 
 
 Fig. 3, a vertical section from side to side. 
 
 Fig. 4, an elevation of one of the panel-heads, with its head-mould. 
 
 Fig. 5, the base. 
 
 Fig. 6, the cornice. 
 
 Fig. 7, represents a section of the head-mould, and 
 Fig. 8, an horizontal plan of one of the panels. 
 
 This font is unquestionably very beautiful in its general outline and proportions, although 
 as plain and simple as possible in its details. 
 
 OTljitf Colnr Cfiurci). 
 
 This Church, situate about eighteen miles north-east of Chelmsford, is very small, and 
 consists of a Nave and Chancel, with a Tower at the west end. The following are its 
 several dimensions; — length of the Chancel, 19 feet 11^ inches; width, 14 feet 2^ inches; 
 thickness of the Chancel arch, 2 feet 10 inches; length of the Nave, 32 feet 1 inch; 
 width, 18 feet 10 inches. The Tower is 9 feet 5 inches square, and the thickness of 
 each of its walls 4 feet 2 inches; that of the Nave walls is 2 feet 10 inches; and the 
 Chancel walls, 2 feet 5 inches. The Nave and Tower are Norman, and were in all 
 
 probability built in the time of William I., between the years 1066 and 1070. The south 
 doorway is only remarkable for its plainness ; it externally consists of square jambs and 
 a semi-circular arch, without a single moulding of any kind, and the whole of the arch 
 is filled in with one block of Barnock stone, and the opening is consequently an oblong- 
 square, measuring from the step up to the underside of the opening, 6 feet 10 inches 
 by 3 feet 5 inches wide in the clear, and also on the exterior face of the wall, and 4 feet 
 3 inches on the interior face of the wall ; and 8 feet inches from the centre of the opening 
 to the inner face of the west wall. Hickman would have unhesitatingly pronounced this door 
 to be Saxon; nevertheless, although of that opinion, the author Avill not undertake to 
 speak positively on the subject. The Chancel arch is like the doorway, quite devoid of 
 any kind of enrichment; the jambs are square, and the opening is 8 feet 8^ inches; the 
 arch is of much later date ; the north doorway and the whole of the windows are of 
 the transition style, from decorated to perpendicular English of the period of Edward III., 
 (or what some would call late decorated English), between the years 1351 and 1377. The 
 east window consists of three bays, with simple cross-tracery, without cusps, or what is called 
 featherings. 
 
 F 
 
18 
 
 Plate XXIII. — Fig. 1, represents the exterior elevation of the only window that is 
 on the north side of the Nave ; it is situated about half way between the north door 
 and the north-east corner of the Nave. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows the jamb plan of this window. A, represents the section of the cusps ; 
 B, the section of the tracery, and C, the section of the mullion. There are two windows 
 on the south side of the Nave, both eastward from the south door, but with what sort 
 of tracery they were enriched cannot now be ascertained. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the exterior elevation of the only window on the north side of 
 
 the Chancel, eastward of the priest’s door (which happens in this as well as in a few more 
 
 instances to be on the north side, attributable, perhaps, to the fact of the road being on 
 that side of the Church, and running parallel with it). 
 
 Fig. 4, represents the plan of the jamb. A, the cusps, and B, the tracery ; there 
 
 are two windows on the south side of the Chancel, with one light each, with ogee trefoil 
 
 heads. 
 
 911 faints Cljurc^, button. 
 
 This beautiful little Church is situate about ten miles south-west by west of Chelmsford, and 
 about two miles from the Shenfield station. The walls are composed of uncut flints, the 
 door and window jambs are of Caen stone, and the pillars and arches of the Nave are of clunch 
 stone. The Church consists of a Nave and Aisles, a Chancel with a modern bell cote at the west 
 end, and a north porch. The whole fabric was built from the designs of one architect in the 
 early perpendicular style of about the time of Henry IV. and Henry V., between the years 
 1404 and 1431, and is well proportioned in most of its parts. The west window is of three 
 lights, but in such a dilapidated condition that a correct drawing connot now be taken of it. 
 The east window is also of three lights. The north porch is a tolerable example of its kind. 
 The length of the Chancel is 18 feet 4 inches; width, 12 feet 2 ^ inches; length of the Nave and 
 Aisles, 36 feet 1- inches; width of the Nave from pillar to pillar, 12 feet 9| inches, or just equal 
 to 8-| diameters, the diameter of each pillar, 1 foot 6~ inches; total width of Nave and Aisles from 
 wall to wall, 26 feet 4^ inches, or just equal to seventeen diameters. The distance from pillar to 
 pillar, measuring from east to west, is 6^ diameters, or 9 feet 8| inches, and the height of the 
 pillars is also 9 feet 8| inches from the original line of the floor up to the springing of the 
 arches, and from the floor of the Nave up to the imposts of the Chancel arch is 12 feet 5 inches, 
 or equal to 8 diameters. The Chancel arch and also those of the Nave are of the same span 
 and radius, namely, the span 9 feet 1 inch, and the perpendicular height from the imposts up to 
 the under point of each arch is 5 feet inches ; the north porch measures within side from 
 north to south 8 feet, and from east to west 6 feet 3 inches. 
 
 Plate XXIV. — Fig. 1, shews the ground plan, the north and south porches being 
 
19 
 
 omitted, partly for the saving of room on the Plate, and partly because the north porch is 
 not good enough to give in this work. The south porch is not now in being : on the ground 
 plan may be seen all the dimensions figured on the several parts of it. The whole of the walls, 
 both exterior and those over the side arches of the Nave, and also that over the Chancel arch, are 
 2 feet 2 inches thick ; the east wall of the south aisle is pushed 1-| inch out of the perpendicular ; 
 the west wall of the Nave is rent from the top to the bottom opposite the two west responds, but 
 the rent does not appear to have been caused by any lateral pressure of the Nave arches in that 
 direction, as the two west responds stand quite erect, neither have any of the arches moved or 
 given way in the least, but remain as perfect as when first erected. On examining the exterior a 
 second time, the sole cause of the fractures was quickly discovered, and doubtless the reader can 
 readily account for the evils here alluded to, namely, to the numerous graves that have been 
 sunk close to the foundations. Indeed the whole fabric would in all probability have long since 
 been reduced to a mass of ruins, were it not for a number of unsightly buttresses that have been 
 built between the windows and at the corners. They are not shewn on the ground plan, because 
 they form no part of the original design, nor would they ever have been required if the sexton 
 had been kept at a proper distance from the fabric. There was a very fine octagonal font of the 
 same date as the Church, but the only part now remaining is the bowl turned upside down and 
 used as a pedestal to support a modern bowl designed in the true churchwarden style of 
 architecture. The whole of this once beautiful little Church has been most shamefully patched 
 and daubed, the side windows of the Chancel, and the east window of the south Aisle have 
 all been blocked up, and whether there ever were any at the western extremities of the 
 Aisles cannot now be ascertained, and consequently are not shown on the plan. The letters of 
 reference will assist the reader. A, the north and south doorways; B, the Nave; C, the Aisle; 
 D, piscina at the east end of the south aisle ; E, piscina in the south wall of the Chancel. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows a vertical section of the Church from east to west. The letters of reference are 
 the same as those given on the ground plan and refer to the same parts. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents one half of an exterior and one half of an interior elevation of the 
 two side windows of both Aisles ; it was not thought necessary to give a drawing of the east 
 windows of the Aisle, as the only difference between them and the side windows consists in their 
 being composed of one light instead of two ; the same remark applies to the side windows of the 
 Chancel. 
 
 Fig. 4, shows the plan of all the window jambs, mullions, and cusps. 
 
 Fig. 5, represents an elevation of one of the side windows of the porch. 
 
 Fig. 6, the plan of the mullion. The porch is entirely constructed of oak with a four 
 light window on each side. 
 
 Fig. 7, represents a plan and elevation of the Chancel piscina. 
 
 Fig. 8, a plan and elevation of the piscina at the east end of the south Aisle. 
 
 Fig. 9, shows part of the plan and elevation of Fig. 7. 
 
 Fig. 10, part of the plan of Fig. 8, both being drawn to a larger scale. 
 
 big. 11, represents the plan of the Chancel and Nave arches ; and 
 
 big. 12, a section of the wall plate and cornice of the Chancel, Nave, and Aisles. 
 
20 
 
 Plate XXV. — Fig. 1, shews a vertical section of the Nave and Aisles looking east; there is 
 a trifling mistake in the dimensions figured above the Chancel arch, the dimensions should 
 have been marked 12 feet 2;^ inches instead of 12 feet 6 inches. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents one half of the exterior elevation of the north doorway ; and 
 
 Fig. 3, the plan of the jamb and arch mouldings. 
 
 Fig. 4, represents a plan and side elevation of all the responds; the same figure will 
 also answer for a half plan and elevation of all the pillars, with this difference, that the pillars 
 are 1 foot 6|- inches in diameter, whilst the diameter of all the shafts, both of pillars and 
 responds, is exactly the same, namely, 7-| inches. 
 
 The whole of the details given on these two Plates are very good and effective, and 
 are well adapted for modern imitation, with a few alterations in some of the dimensions; 
 the internal width might with advantage be increased to 30 feet, and the diameter of the 
 pillars reduced to 15 inches, and the depth of the capitals to 10 inches, and the base 
 increased to the depth of 2 feet 6 inches, the width of the Nave from pillar to pillar should 
 be increased to 13 feet 9 inches, and from pillar to wall 6 feet 10|- inches, and measuring 
 from east to west, the east respond should be equal to one diameter in its projection from 
 the east wall, and from pillar to pillar 7 diameters, and the west respond should project 
 4 diameters from the west wall, provided there should not be any buttresses at the west 
 end; it would also be an improvement if the Nave pillars were increased to 10 feet 3 inches, 
 measuring from the floor up to the top of the abacus, and from the floor up to the under 
 point of the arches ought to be 15 feet 10|- inches, and from the floor to the top of the 
 wall plate above the arches 20 feet, and from thence up to the under side of the ridge 
 11 feet 3 inches; the side walls of the Aisles should be 13 feet 1-j inches high to the top 
 of the wall plate, and instead of covering the Nave and Aisles with one roof, as is now 
 the case, it would be a very great improvement to cover them with separate roofs ; if the 
 roof of the Nave were framed according to the dimensions above given, it would be of 
 rather a steeper pitch, and if the tops of the rafters over the Aisles were lowered 7-j inches ; 
 a complete line of separation would thereby be the result, and consequently, the external 
 appearance of the several roofs would be rendered a complete index to the internal arrangement 
 of the sacred edifice, a quality of such vast importance as ought never to be omitted or 
 overlooked in modern practice. 
 
 (S^rrat Brntlg Cljurfl^ 
 
 Is thirty-two miles east south-east of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave, a Chancel, and 
 a Tower at the west end. The whole of the w'alls are built of rough stones of a most 
 remarkable kind, being of a very dark brown colour : there is not any architectural feature 
 about the Church deserving the least notice, except the north and south doorways. 
 
21 
 
 Plate XXVI. — Fig. 1 , represents the exterior elevation of the south doorway ; the vertical 
 section and soffite of the arch C and D are represented at Figs. 2 and 3, which show the 
 inner face of the springers on the left hand marked E, on the elevation, Fig. 1. 
 
 The plan of the left hand jamb is given at Fig. 4. 
 
 A and B, represent the jamb and shaft of the pillar as seen on the elevation, Fig. 1. 
 
 C, Fig. 5, shew’s the section of the arch at G, Fig. 1. 
 
 And D, Fig. 5, shews the section of the same stone at D E, Fig. 1, and also the section 
 of the label. 
 
 Figs. 7 and 8, represent the cap and base of the right hand pillar. 
 
 Figs. 9 and 10, shew the elevation and vertical section of one of the flowers of the arch G. 
 
 Figs. 1 and 2, are drawn to a scale of ^ of an inch to a foot, and 
 
 Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, are drawn to one quarter the real size, and 
 
 Figs. 9 and 10, are represented one half the real size. 
 
 Plate XXVII. — Fig. 1, represents the elevation of the head and left hand jamb of the 
 north doorway. There are eleven stones in the arch, the face of which is flush with the 
 face of the wall. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents the key-stone drawn to one-fourth the real size; the stone centre 
 under the arch is quite plain and recedes from the face of the arch and jambs inches. 
 
 The details of these doorways are well adapted for modern imitation, and are exceedingly 
 good and pure specimens of the Norman style of the time of William II. and Henry I., between 
 the years 1097 and 1128. 
 
 W\)t Cijapfl of .^t. :parB iHaglialfitr, Colc^fStrr, 
 
 I^ossESSEs only one feature worth noticing, the south doorway, the elevation and details of which 
 are given on Plate XXVII. 
 
 Fig. 3, shews the head of this doorway, with its left hand jamb. 
 
 Fig. 4, the cap, and Fig. 5, the base. 
 
 Fig. 6, the plan of the jamb, and Fig. 7, the plan of the arch and label. 
 
 The only fault to be found with this example is with the capital of the pillar, which is 
 10 inches deep, and which would have been much better if it had been 7^ inches; it would also 
 have been more graceful if a greater projection had been given to the volutes, and also to 
 the part immediately above it ; the base is good, and the capital might very easily be made so. 
 The whole of this doorway is in the transition style, from Norman to Early English, of the time 
 of Stephen and Henry II., between the years 1159 and 1189. 
 
 G 
 
22 
 
 jfratinfl C^urcji 
 
 Is twenty-eight miles south-east by east of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave, a Chancel, 
 and a Tower at the west end. The only features connected with the edifice entitled to notice 
 are the side windows of the Chancel; there are three on the north side and two on the 
 south, an exterior elevation of one of which is given. 
 
 Plate XXVII. — At Fig. 8, the east window on the south side is represented. 
 
 Figs. 9 and 10, shew the exterior plan of the jamb of all the windows with the label 
 of the two-light window. It was not deemed necessary to give the interior elevation of 
 these windows, as they are the same as those given on Plate VI., Fig. 1, from Great Baddow 
 Church. 
 
 The two-light window answers for the sedilia by dropping down the sill. Both windows 
 are good examples of the Decorated style of architecture of the period of Edward I. and 
 Edward II., between the years 1299 and 1325. 
 
 Wi)t C^iurrl^ of OTest Brrsiiolt 
 
 Is situate twenty-one miles north-east by east of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave four 
 bays in length, a Chancel, and a south Aisle, separated from the Nave by four obtusely 
 pointed arches. The following are the general dimensions of the ground plan: — Length of 
 the Chancel, 25 feet 4 inches; width, 20 feet 4-| inches; length of the Nave and Aisle, 
 46 feet 8 inches; width of the Nave, from pillar to wall, 20 feet 4-|' inches; width of the 
 Aisle, from piUar to wall, 14 feet 2 ^ inches; total internal width of Nave and south Aisle, 
 from wall to wall, 36 feet 2^ inches. These proportions are good. The whole Church was 
 built at one period, and from the design of one architect, and was, without doubt, a very 
 fine composition ; but, alas, nearly all its beauties have passed away. The once glorious 
 east windows of the Chancel and south Aisle have been entirely demolished, and the whole 
 of the windows of the north side are insertions of late date, and not in any way worthy of 
 description; the west window of the Nave has also been swept away, but the west window 
 of the Aisle still remains, and is a tolerably good example of a square headed window of 
 three lights trefoiled, but is not of sufficient importance to be illustrated in this work. The 
 windows on the south side are very beautiful, both in design and proportion, and exceedingly 
 well executed : but the most beautiful and pleasing features about the Church are the crosses 
 that crown the gables of the south Aisle ; that on the west gable is represented on 
 
23 
 
 Plate XXVIIL, with the saddle-stoue, to Avhich it is attached, and that on the east gable is 
 given on 
 
 Plate XXIX.— Fig. 1, the saddle-stone of both crosses are of the same pattern and 
 dimensions. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents the drip and drip corbels of all the gables. 
 
 Fig. 3, shews the face of the same drip and corbel. 
 
 Fig. 4, represents the elevation of the priest’s doorway, the right hand jamb being omitted, 
 in order to save room. 
 
 The plan of the jamb and arch mouldings are given at Fig. 5. 
 
 Fig. 6, represents an elevation of one of the south windows of the Aisle ; there are two 
 of the same pattern, both eastward of the porch, and one westward, consisting of one-light, 
 trefoiled precisely the same as the two-light window. 
 
 Fig. 1, shows the plan of the jambs and labels to all the original windows of the Church. 
 
 The style of architecture, to which the details of these two Plates belong, is Decorated, of 
 the time of Edward II. and Edward III., between the years 1325 and 1351. 
 
 Colrfifstfr, 
 
 Is 24 miles from Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave and Chancel with a Tower at the west end 
 and a Chantry Chapel, on the north side of the Chancel. There is not any feature in the plan 
 of this Church deserving of further notice, the interior of the Church has been recently repaired 
 in a very unsatisfactory manner, and has also had an extra dab of whitewash. There is a good 
 octagon font of the perpendicular style of the period of Henry IV. and Henry V., between the 
 years 1404 and 1431. The Chantry Chapel before mentioned is entirely built of red bricks and 
 is not entitled to the slightest notice for anything except the roof, or rather the panelled ceiling of 
 the roof, which is richly gilt and painted, but the most valuable parts of the sacred structure are 
 the doorways and windows. 
 
 Plate XXX. — Fig. 1, represents one half of the exterior elevation of the west doorway, 
 and one half of the interior elevation of the head of the same doorway. 
 
 Fig. 2, the plan of the jamb and arch mouldings ; A, the plinth ; B the base ; C, the 
 shaft of the pillar, and D, the abacus. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the base, and 
 
 Fig. 4, the 'abacus of the capital both drawn to one quarter the real size. It would be a 
 waste of time to attempt to give a verbal description of this magnificent doorway, its glorious 
 beauties are such as to set at defiance any description that would do it justice. It must be seen 
 and carefully examined on a fine clear summer’s day in the afternoon, just about the time when 
 the sun begins to dart forth its rays of light upon it at an angle of 45 degrees. It was at that 
 
24 
 
 time of the day the author first saw it, the sight of which filled his very soul with inexpressible 
 delight, the countless variety of tints, shade, and shadows produced by the sun’s rays upon it 
 seemed as if the very stones were possessed of life. The label that crowns the arch was 
 supported by corbel heads, but they are in such a state of decay as to render it impossible to take 
 a drawing of them, the base and capital are to a certain extent merely conjecture, and only 
 partly from authority, on which account no dimensions are figured on the parts. 
 
 Plate XXXI. — Fig. 1, is represented an elevation of the east window. The same 
 elevation represents both sides of the window. A section of the sill is shown at Fig. 2. This 
 window is given not on account of its beauty, but rather because its beauties and defects are about 
 equally balanced, both of which properties may be described in a few words. And in the first 
 place, the mullions and tracery are a great deal too light ; and in the second place, the window 
 is too short from the top of the sill up to the springing of the arch, and considerably too lofty 
 from the springing up to the under point of the arch; and in the third place, the want of 
 a label is a great drawback upon the whole design. Such are the defects of this window. Its 
 beauties first consist in the graceful flowing tracery of the tw’o outside lights ; and secondly, in 
 the beauty and delicacy of all the cusps, which it may be observed are perforated in the eyes ; 
 and thirdly, in the agreeable contrasts produced by the four panels in the centre, together 
 with the transom and the filling in of the two spandrels. These qualities constitute the beauties 
 of this window, which may truly be considered a good example of its kind, and all that is 
 further necessary to add respecting it is, how to get rid of its defects and at the same time 
 retain its beauties, and this object might easily be accomplished by increasing the thickness 
 of the mullions. The larger from 4^ inches to 7^, and the small mullions and tracery from 
 3 to 3|: inches, and retaining the cusps as they are ; it might be still further improved by 
 taking at least 2 feet from the head of the window and giving it to the square part below ; 
 and, lastly, it ought to have been crowned with a bold label. 
 
 Plate XXXII. — Fig. 1, represents an interior; and Fig. 2, an exterior elevation of a 
 window from the south side of the Nave. 
 
 Fig. 3, show's the plan of the mullion at A, B, C, and D, E, G, and I, the plan of the 
 jamb; and A, B, and E, the plan of the tracery; F, shows the projection of all the abaci; I, 
 represents the inner, and H, the outer face of the wall. There is a most striking difference 
 between the two elevations. There is also a very remarkable difference between the outside 
 and inside cusps ; the former taking up nearly one-third of the mullion, as shown at A, and 
 the inside cusps being barely equal to one-eighth part the thickness of the mullion. The whole 
 window is an extremely valuable specimen of that style of architecture to which it belongs, and 
 is a great deal more beautiful than as represented on the plate on account of the great 
 difficulty of sliading the mouldings correctly. 
 
 Fig. 4, shows the base and capital of the mullion shaft, both of which are good, but 
 might have been rendered still more so if the projection of the abacus had been 2 -^ instead 
 of 2 inches ; and a further improvement would have been effected if all the vertical 
 admeasurements marked |-ths had been reduced to half an inch, and the bell or neck of the cap 
 increased so as to have made the interior capital 6 inches deep instead of 5 -^ ; the base would 
 
25 
 
 have been much better if -th of an inch had been taken from the top member and given to 
 its projection, it would also have been more effective if the hollow under the bottom member 
 had been fths of an inch instead of thereby making the interior depth of the base 3 inches 
 instead of 2| inches. 
 
 Plate XXXIII. — Fig. 1, represents one half of the exterior elevation of the south doorway, 
 the right hand portion of the same figure shows half the interior elevation of the head of the 
 doorway. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents a vertical section of both the outer and inner arch. 
 
 Figs. 3 and 4, represent the same jamb and arch mouldings as Fig. 2, drawn to one quarter 
 the real size ; the letters of reference shew the same parts on all these figures. It will doubtless 
 be observed that the jamb mouldings of this doorway display the same style, character, and tone 
 of feeling as the jamb and arch mouldings of the west doorway, although very much inferior to 
 it in many respects ; in the first place there is a degree of clumsiness about the plinth or stop at 
 E, which might very easily have been avoided by keeping the outer margin of the plinth at an - 
 equal distance from the mouldings ; in the second place the diagonal fillets as shewn on the two 
 large members at A and B, have a very awkward appearance ; they are distorted and seem to 
 want repose ; yet notwithstanding all these defects there is a great deal of beauty in these 
 mouldings, and if ever they should be adopted in modern practice a very great improvement 
 might be effected, not by adding to or taking from, but by slightly altering the position of all 
 the members. And in order to make this clearly understood all the different members must be 
 pointed out separately, beginning with the hollow on the outer face of the jamb, the dimensions 
 marked should have been l-~, and the dimensions marked ^ an inch would have been better if 
 they had been In the next member is B ; here the fillet should have been in the centre, and the 
 fillet between B, and the hollow marked ^ an inch, would have been much better if it had been 
 ^ ; the hollow would thereby have been reduced a trifle, and would have been all the better for 
 it. The next member past the hollow is the bead forming part of the cluster of mouldings at A ; 
 this bead should remain unmoved, the corresponding bead and the long filleted toras between 
 them should be brought forward ^ of an inch, and the fillet removed to the centre of A. The two 
 last members are the hollow and bead ; the hollow should remain as it is, but the bead Avould 
 have been much more effective if it had been 1-^ instead of only ^ an inch in diameter, and 
 instead of forming a tangent with the hollow to have formed an acute angle. 
 
 Fig. 5, represents an elevation of one of the windows on the south side of the Chancel. 
 There is no part of the exterior elevation given on this figure, except the left-hand jamb and 
 arch. 
 
 Fig. 6, shows the plan of the jamb and arch mouldings ; F, shows the exterior face of the 
 wall ; and G, the interior face ; A, represents the cusps ; A and B, the tracery mullions ; A, B, 
 and C, the large mullions. There cannot be the slightest difficulty in comprehending every 
 part of this window, as the dimensions are given on the plan to all the members separately. 
 Taking this window as a whole there is much to admire and much to find fault with. By 
 inspecting the plan it will be observed that the large raullion is 4| inches in thickness, and 
 the small one 3| inches, but according to the author’s opinion the proportions of the mullions 
 
 H 
 
26 
 
 would have been much more effective if the large one had been inches thick, and the small 
 ones 3 inches thick, and the breadth of the fillet on the face of the small mullions reduced to 
 half an inch; with these improvements the filleted rolls of both mnllions would have stood 
 out in bold relief. On examining the elevation it will be perceived that the contrasts between 
 the large and small mullions are not so striking as otherwise would have been the case if the 
 proportions above-stated had been adopted. Another very great fault in the elevation of this 
 window consists in the cusps, not that the cusps themselves are faulty, on the contrary they 
 are very beautiful when separately examined, but things that are beautiful in themselves may 
 produce that which is not beautiful if injudiciously applied ; that such is really the case with 
 this window will evidently appear, if the cusps at the heads of the large lights be compared 
 with those at the heads of the four small lights ; the former are double-feathered and the 
 latter merely trefoiled, whereas they ought to have been cinquefoiled. Another great fault in 
 the window is the want of sufficient height from the sill up to the springing, which should 
 have been 5 feet 8 inches instead of hardly 1 foot 9 inches. Notwithstanding all these faults 
 this window is a most valuable example ; and if carried out in modern practice according to the 
 improvements above pointed out, a most beautiful window would be the result. The inner jamb 
 and arch mouldings are very good when seen in perspective, although they seem flat and shallow 
 when merely seen in elevation. The glazing and lead-work are omitted, the reason need not be 
 mentioned ; the iron-work is shown because it is original. 
 
 Fig. 7, gives the plan of the jamb and mullions of the east window ; A, the cusps ; A 
 and B, the small mullion ; A, B, and C, the large mullion. The jamb is the same on both 
 sides of the wall. 
 
 The west and south doorways and the window on the south side of the Nave are in 
 the early decorated style of the period of Edward I., between the years 1272 and 1299. 
 The east window and that on the south side of the Chancel are in the early perpendicular 
 style of the period of Bichard II. and Henry IV., between the years 1377 and 1404. The 
 author cannot close this description without acknowledging the kind and very liberal support he 
 received from Sir George Henry Smyth, Baronet, M.P., of Berechurch Hall, and from the Bev. 
 Mr. Errington, M.A., the Incumbent. 
 
 CfjrlittSforti C^^urrl) 
 
 Is twenty-nine miles north-east of London, and consists of a Nave and two Aisles in length, a 
 Chancel with two side Chapels, a south porch, and a Tower at the west end. The Nave is 57 feet 
 wide within the walls. There is no part of the structure worthy of notice besides the subject 
 given on the following plates. 
 
 Plate XXXIV. — Fig. 1, represents the elevation of the open arch of the porch with the 
 niche above ; and Fig. 2, the section of the tracery of the spandrels. 
 
27 
 
 Plate XXXV. — Fig. 1, represents the jamb mouldings ; B, the plinth mouldings ; C, the 
 base mouldings to shafts D. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents the base mouldings round the Tower, and Fig. 3, a section of the panels 
 at A, Fig. 2. The same base is shown to a larger scale at Figs. 4 and 5. 
 
 Plate XXXVI. — Fig. 1, represents the arch mouldings; A, the abacus, and B, the shaft. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows the capital and base mouldings of the jamb shafts. 
 
 Plate XXXVII. — Fig. 1, represents an elevation of part of the niche, E; A, shows a 
 horizontal section of the label, panel, and pinnacle. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows a part of the fan-groined ceiling over the niche, E. The section from D to 
 C, is given on Plate XXXIX. Fig. 7, and from C to C, at Fig. 6, on the same Plate. B, 
 Fig. 3, shows the plan of part of the niche, E. 
 
 Plate XXXVIII. — Fig. 1, shows the elevation of part of an arch on the north side of the 
 Chancel. The base mouldings of the centre and two half pillars that support the arch are given 
 at Fig. 2 ; the capitals at Fig. 3 ; and at Fig. 4, is given the plan of the pillar, the jamb, and 
 arch mouldings ; A, B, and C, represent the plinth and base mouldings ; and D, the shafts ; E, 
 the projection of the abacus ; and F, the arch mouldings. 
 
 Fig. 4, shows the plan of the mullion of the spandrel of the arch. 
 
 Plate XXXIX. — Fig. 1, represents the elevation of the belfry door. 
 
 Fig. 2, part of the same drawn to a larger scale. 
 
 Fig. 3, gives a vertical section of the bottom of the door. 
 
 Fig. 4, the plan. 
 
 Fig. 5, represents the kind of nails with which the door is studded. 
 
 Figs. 6 and 7, have already been referred to. 
 
 Fig. 8, represents part of a label from one of the square headed windows on the north side 
 of the Church. 
 
 The whole of the matter on these plates is of the same style and date, late Perpendicular, 
 or early Tudor of about the time of Henry V., and Henry VI., between the ^ears 1424 
 and 1431. 
 
 Canton Cj^urrl), 
 
 Situated 2^ miles east of Chelmsford, consists of a Nave and Chancel, a north Aisle divided 
 from the Nave by 3 arches and 2 pillars ; a Tower at the west end, and a south porch, both of 
 which are composed of red bricks. 
 
 Plate XXXIX., at Fig. 9, is given an elevation of the Chancel doorway, one half showing 
 the exterior, and the other the interior. 
 
 Fig. 10, represents the stoppings at the bottom of the door jambs. 
 
28 
 
 Fig. 11, shows half an exterior and half an interior elevation of a small window on the 
 south side of the Chancel. 
 
 Fig. 12, represents the plan of the jamb and arch mouldings. 
 
 Plate XL. — Fig. 1, represents the ground plan; A, the south doorway; B, the north 
 doorway; C, the font; D, the site of the pulpit; E, the small window, and F, the Chancel 
 doorway, both of which have been already noticed. 
 
 Fig, 2, shows a section of the Nave from east to west looking north, and 
 
 Fig. 3, a section of the Nave and north Aisle from north to south looking east. It cannot 
 now be ascertained whether there ever w'as any other Chancel arch than that shown on the 
 Plate, The Tower and porch are not given on the plan because they form no part of the 
 original design. The caps and bases of the pillars and responds are given at Figs. 4 and 5, and 
 an half plan of the pillars at Fig. 8; the upper portion of this figure shows an half plan of all 
 the arches at the springing together with the projection of the abaci. 
 
 Fig. 7, shows half of an exterior elevation of the north doorway with its plan. 
 
 Fig. 6, shows the plan of the Chancel doorway. 
 
 Plate XLI. — Fig. 1, represents an elevation, and 
 
 Fig. 2, a vertical section of the pulpit. 
 
 Fig. 3, a plan of one of its angles the full size. 
 
 Fig. 4, represents the base and a portion of the cap of the octagon pillar on which the 
 pulpit stands. 
 
 Fig. 5, represents the lower part of the small buttresses the full size. 
 
 Plate XLII, — Fig. 1, gives an elevation of a small portion of the lower part of the pulpit ; 
 and Fig. 2, a vertical section of the same parts, both the full size. 
 
 Plate XLIII. — At Fig. I, is given an elevation of a portion of the cornices, and 
 
 Fig, 2, a section of the same cornice, below which are shewn in elevation the mouldings 
 and pinnacles of the eight angles of the pulpit. 
 
 Fig. represents the impost of all the rib mouldings that spring from the cap of the pillar. 
 
 Fig. 4, shows one-half of the cap ; and 
 
 Fig. 5, a section of one of the same ribs as those given on Fig. 3. The only difference 
 between the ribs is that the section of those on Fig, 3, is taken on the springing line, and 
 that the one given at Fig. 5, is taken above the springing line. 
 
 Fig. 6, represents one of the ribs in elevation, drawn one quarter the real size. All the 
 other figures on this Plate are full size. 
 
 Plate XLIV., represents one of the pulpit panels, full size. It will be observed that 
 neither labour or expense was spared in rendering perfect the subjects illustrated in these 
 Plates, which are, therefore, very valuable. 
 
 The ground plan is well suited for modern imitation ; and should it be adopted, it would be 
 an improvement to place the Tower at the east end of the north Aisle, with one arch opening 
 into it, and another into the Chancel, and especially if the best view of the Church should 
 happen to be from the north-east. The pillars might be reduced about one-quarter of their 
 present diameter, and increased at least one-quarter of their height; that is to say, about 
 
29 
 
 10 feet, and 10 feet more up to the top of the wall-plate; the Aisle might be reduced to 
 10 feet wide and the Nave increased to 20 feet; the arches also might be reduced to 2 feet 
 thick, and be more acutely pointed. It is much to be regretted that the tracery of all 
 the windows, excepting those of the Chancel, has been destroyed. 
 
 This Church appears to have all been built at one time, and from the design of one 
 architect, and probably during the reigns of Eichard II. and Henry IV., between the years 
 1377 and 1404. The style is Early perpendicular. The pulpit is Tudor, and apparently 
 of the time of Henry VII. and Henry VHI., between the years 1485 and 1516. 
 
 Clmstrat! Cljurrl) 
 
 Is twenty-six miles east of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave and Chancel, a south Aisle, 
 and a Tower at the west end of the Aisle, the lower stage of which serves as a south 
 porch. The whole Church is very good in its proportions and glorious in its detail. The 
 south Aisle is separated from the Nave by some of the most beautiful pillars and arches 
 imaginable ; indeed, this Aisle is one of the rarest examples of the kind in the whole 
 kingdom, and there are many valuable fragments of stained glass remaining, and a great 
 variety of other beautiful subjects. 
 
 Plate XLV. — Fig. 1, represents the elevation of the piscina and sedilia in the Chancel. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows an elevation of one of the arches drawn to a large scale. 
 
 Fig. 3, the plan. 
 
 Fig. 4, a vertical section of the piscina. 
 
 Fig. 5, shows a section of the window string, drawn to a large scale, and 
 
 Fig. 6, a plan of the jamb mouldings. The letters of reference are the same on all 
 the parts. 
 
 These details are in the Decorated style, of the time of Edward II. and Edward HI., 
 between the years 1325 and 1351. 
 
 Cittle Batitioh) Cljurri^ 
 
 Is five miles north-east by east of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave, Chancel, and Tower 
 at the west end. The ground plan is very peculiar, on account of its irregularities. The 
 centre of the Chancel arch is about 2^ feet south of the centre line of the Chancel, and 
 about 6 feet north of the centre line of the Nave, or in other words, the north wall of 
 the Church is continued throughout the wdiole length of the Nave and Chancel in one 
 
 I 
 
30 
 
 continuous line, without stop or break ; but on the south side there is a considerable break, 
 the wall of the Chancel receding from that of the Nave 7 or 8 feet, and in the east wall 
 of the Nave is a two-light window. Viewing the Church from the south-east, one would 
 suppose that there was a south Aisle, but on examining the interior, no appearance of such 
 is to be found, or of one ever having been intended. In the south wall of the Nave are 
 two large recesses, or monumental tombs arched, one containing a full length figure most 
 beautifully carved in wood. There is nothing more worth noticing, but what is illustrated. 
 
 Plate XLVI.^ — Fig. 1, represents one half of the exterior elevation of the west doorway. 
 
 Fig. 2, the plan of its jamb and arch mouldings, and 
 
 Fig. 3, the plinth at the bottom of the jamb. 
 
 Fig. 4 , represents the face. 
 
 Fig. 5, the side of a diagonal buttress from the south-west corner of the Nave ; the cross 
 seen on the face of the buttress is filled in with black flints worked quite smooth and perfectly 
 pointed ; all the rest of the face is filled in with Poman bricks ; the side of the buttress 
 is faced with irregular flint-work, the dressings of the buttress are of Barnock-stone. 
 
 Fig. 6, the base drawn to a large scale, and 
 
 Fig. 7, represents the drips of the string and head of the buttress. 
 
 The style of this buttress is late Decorated, of the period of Edward III., between the years 
 1351 and 1377. The style of the doorway is Perpendicular, of the period of Henry IV. 
 and Henry V., between the years 1404 and 1431. 
 
 Cftltng Cj^urrb 
 
 Is seven miles north-east of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave, south Aisle, Chancel, and 
 a modern Tower at the west end. There are also the remains of a once beautiful wooden 
 porch on the south side of the Nave. 
 
 Plate XLVH. — Fig. 1, represents an half exterior elevation of the west doorway, and 
 Fig. 2, the plan. This doorway is a good example of the Decorated style, of about the time 
 of Edward II. and Edward HI., between the years 1325 and 1351. 
 
 Figs. 3 and 4, give a vertical and horizontal section of half of one of the Nave pillars, 
 and an excellent example it is of the time of Henry VI. and Pichard HI., between the years 
 1458 and 1485. The bench end shown at Fig. 5, of wPich D, represents a horizontal section, 
 is both a singular and beautiful example of the same date as the pillar. 
 
31 
 
 
 Is twelve miles north-east of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave and Chancel, with two 
 Aisles the whole length of the Church. The Nave is crowned with a very good transverse 
 beam roof, and at the west there is a beautiful two-light window, and on the south side 
 of the Nave there is a good perpendicular two-light square-headed window. There are also 
 several bits and scraps well worthy of examination. 
 
 Plate XLVIII. — Fig. 1, is a quarter plan of the double order of mouldings with which 
 both sides of the arches of the Nave are enriched; the quadrant at A, represents the projection of 
 the abaci of all the pillars on the south side of the Nave. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents the elevation and profile of the same pillars; the dotted line to the left 
 cuts through the centre of the pillar ; they are all 2 feet 1 inch in diameter, and cylindrical 
 throughout. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents an elevation and profile of the bottom of one of the pillars, from the north 
 side of the Nave. 
 
 Fig. 4, shows a quarter plan of the pillar ; the dotted line to the right cuts through the 
 middle of the pillar ; B, on both Figs. , represents the base mouldings. 
 
 The style of the pillars is early English, of the time of Henry III., between the years 
 1217 and 1245. 
 
 Jfffnng Cljurr]^ 
 
 Is fourteen miles north-east of Chelmsford, and consists of a spacious Nave and Chancel, a 
 north Aisle, and Tower at the west end, and a south porch. 
 
 Plate XLVIII. — Figs. 5 and 6, show an exterior elevation and plan of the west 
 window of the north Aisle; the others are similar to the two-light windows of Chipping- 
 hill Church, given on Plate XII. ; the pillars are also the same as those of that Church, 
 and of the same style and date. 
 
32 
 
 Cast Cj^orpe Cljurc]^ 
 
 Is fifteen miles north-east by east of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave, and Chancel. 
 
 Plate XLIX. gives the centre and one of the side windows from the east, and the 
 vertical line A, A, represents the inner face of the north wall of the Chancel; and B, the 
 window string. 
 
 Plate L. — Fig. 1, gives the interior plan of the window jamb. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents the cap and base and dog-tooth ornament of the left hand jamb ; C, 
 refers to the same sill and jamb as C, in Plate XLIX. 
 
 Fig. 3, shows the plan of the arch, and 
 
 Fig. 4, gives a vertical section of the window-head ; D and E, refer to the same parts 
 
 on both figures, E, the inner splay, and D, the soffite of the arch, and also the upper face 
 
 of the abacus ; D, also refers to the same parts on Plate XLIX. 
 
 Figs. 5 and 6, show the plan and elevation of a window on the north side of the Nave. 
 
 Figs. 7 and 8, represent the plan and exterior elevation of the priest’s doorway. 
 
 Plate LI. — At Fig. 1, is shewn the elevation and profile of the inner string under the sills 
 of the east windows. 
 
 Fig. 2, gives a section of the arch mouldings of the sedilia; the segmental line, F, shows 
 the projection of the abacus of the pillar, B. C, Fig. 10. 
 
 At Fig. 3, is represented a plan of the arch as springing from the abacus, E, above the 
 pillar, C, D, Fig. 10. 
 
 At C, Fig. 5, is represented the same caps as those at C, D, and B, C, Fig. 10. 
 
 At C, Fig. 4, is given the same cap to a larger scale. 
 
 Fig. 6, represents the base mouldings of all the pillars seen at Fig. 10. 
 
 At Fig. 7, is given the plan of the right shaft and jamb. 
 
 Fig. 8, represents to a larger scale, the cap at A, Fig. 10. The plan of the sedilia and 
 
 piscina are given at Figs. 9 and 13 ; and the elevations of both at Figs. 10 and 12. 
 
 Fig. 11, represents a section of the water basins, or drains, as shewn on the plan at 
 Fig. 13. 
 
 Fig. 14, is the same as Fig. 13, to a larger scale. 
 
 The whole of the matter here given is very good and well adapted for modern practice. 
 The three east windows, the priest’s doorway, and the sedilia, and piscina, are pure examples 
 of the early English style of the time of Flenry III., between the years 1217 and 1245. The 
 round window from the south side of the Nave is a good example of the Decorated style of the 
 time of Edward III., between the years 1351 and 1377. 
 
33 
 
 Is fifteen miles north-east of Chelmsford, the east window, priest’s doorway, a two-light window 
 at the west, and a very beautiful wooden porch, are the only objects worthy of examination. 
 The porch has already been published. 
 
 Plate LII. — Fig. 1, represents the exterior elevation of the east window. 
 
 Fig. 2, the plan of the mullion and outer jamb mouldings. 
 
 Figs. 3, 4, and 5, show to a larger scale all the cusps of the window ; the same letters refer 
 to both the plan and elevation of the window. 
 
 Fig. 6, represents half the exterior and half the interior elevation of the priest’s doorway, 
 and the plan of the jamb mouldings. There is a great resemblance between the door and 
 window jambs ; they are very good, but the label not so. The tracery of the window is very 
 beautiful. The doorway and window are of the perpendicular style of the period of Henry IV., 
 between the years 1408 and 1418. 
 
 #rrat Silaltijam Cljurffi 
 
 Is five miles north of Chelmsford, and consists of a large and badly proportioned Nave and south 
 Aisle, a Chancel, a Tower at the west end, and a south porch. Bad as this Church is in its 
 general proportions it is possessed of several beautiful parts. A three-light window on the north 
 side of the Chancel is not surpassed by any one in the county as to its design, besides the beautiful 
 stained glass which it contains. There are also some valuable remains of the rood loft screen and 
 a complete forest of oak benches with square ends filled in with good tracery. 
 
 Plate LIII. — Hepresents two specimens of oak benches in the Tudor style of the time of 
 Henry VII., between the years 1485 and 1495, and their accompanying details. 
 
 Is thirteen miles south-south-west of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave and Chancel, with a 
 continuous north Aisle. The chief features are the south Norman doorway (which was 
 published some years ago by the eminent antiquary, Mr. John Britton) and the doorway at 
 
 K 
 
34 
 
 the west end, an elevation of which is given at Plate LIV., Fig. 1 ; and at Figs. 2 or 3, are 
 represented the base and cap of the left-hand jamb drawn to d, larger scale. 
 
 Fig. 4, represents the plan of the left-hand jamb ; and 
 
 Fig. 5, a section of the arch mouldings above the right-hand jamb. The letters of 
 reference will explain the constituent parts of this glorious doorway, which is of the late 
 Perpendicular style of the period from Edward IV. to Pichard III., between the years 1465 
 and 1485. 
 
 KnsatfStone C^urrji 
 
 Is six miles south-south-west of Chelmsford. 
 
 On Plate LIV., Figs. 6, 7, and 8, are given the cap and base, and quarter plan of one 
 of the pillars from the Nave. The right-hand line of the plate cuts through the centre of 
 the pillar, which is of the Tudor style of the time of Henry VIII., between the years 1516 
 and 1546. 
 
 911 faints’ Cljurf]^, ittaltion. 
 
 Is situate ten miles east of Chelmsford, and is one of the most interesting Churches in the 
 county, and was especially so previous to the last century, when the north Aisle was taken down, 
 greatly curtailing its width. Indeed, were this Aisle still in existence, the plan of the Church 
 would be one of the most curious in the kingdom ; and the author much regrets that he cannot 
 spare a plate to illustrate it, but hopes the following description will enable any one to form 
 a correct idea of it as originally existing. It consisted of a Nave, three bays or arches in length, 
 from east to west ; the north and south arches being parallel to each other, and both of the 
 same length. The Chancel arch was at right angles to the side arches, and the north and 
 south Aisles did not extend eastward of the Chancel arch. The Nave and Aisles were divided 
 into seven nearly equal parts, measuring across at right angles from north to south. Three parts 
 were given to the Nave and two to each of the Aisles. The Tower is triangular or three-sided, 
 one of its sides being due south, and one of its corners pointing due north. If a line were 
 extended from east to west, through the middle of the Nave, its western extremity would 
 exactly terminate at the north angle of the Tower, and consequently the west end of the Nave 
 forms two sides of a perfect hexagon. The north-west corner of the north Aisle formed an 
 
35 
 
 angle of thirty degrees, and the end of the Aisle, half the end of the Nave, and one side of the 
 Tower formed one continuous and unbroken rigliL line. It will, therefore, be perceived that 
 two of the three sides of the Tower are disengaged, and the west end of the south Aisle formed 
 two right angles to its north and south walls. 
 
 Plate LV. — Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, represent the elevation and details of the great and 
 glorious east window of this Church ; its construction will be perfectly understood by carefully 
 examining the letters of reference. It is the finest window in the county of the same date, and 
 is of the early Decorated style of the time of Edward I., between the years 1272 and 1280. 
 
 s 
 
 35oftuu0 CJmrr]^ 
 
 Is twelve miles north of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave and two Aisles, a Chancel, and 
 two Aisles, a south porch, and a very fine Tower at the west end, a perspective view of which 
 is given on Plate LVI. ; and 
 
 On Plate LVII. is given a plan elevation and section of the lower half of the 
 west face. The right hand half of the plan is taken through the line, B, B, on the 
 elevation a little below the springing line of door head, and that part of the plan to the left is 
 taken through the line. A, A, a little above the window sill. The upper part of the Plate to 
 the left represents a vertical section of the west wall, cut through the centre of the doorway 
 and window. That half of the doorway and window not tinted represents the interior half of the 
 elevation, and that part of the Plate to the right represents the exterior half of the elevation. 
 This Plate requires but very little examination to appreciate its beauties. As an example of late 
 perpendicular work it ranks second to none in the county. 
 
 Plate LVIII. gives a great variety of details relating to the several parts of the elevation 
 given on the last Plate, and as each figure is accompanied with its own explanation it is 
 unnecessary to enter into a description of them here. The probable period of the erection of 
 this Church was the time of Henry VI., between the years 1430 and 1450. 
 
 Cofffffsljall Cljurff) 
 
 Is fifteen miles north-east of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave and Chancel, with two 
 continuous Aisles ; a south porch and Tower at the west end. Viewing the Church as a whole, 
 it is one of the very best specimens in the county of the Perpendicular period of Christian 
 architecture, and it may be said that there are very few churches in the kingdom equal to it. 
 
36 
 
 The whole Church was built at the same period, and is almost as perfect now as when first 
 erected; and it is much to be regretted that the original benches, pulpits, &c., have been 
 destroyed and replaced by modern and tasteless specimens, and this accounts for the interior 
 perspective view shown on Plate LIX. being represented without them. The roof over the 
 Nave given on the Plate is not the one that now covers it, but is a faithful copy of that of the 
 Chancel. 
 
 Plate LX., represents the ground plan of the Church, omitting the pillars on the south side 
 of the Nave and Chancel. And a very good plan it is, and well suited for modern purposes ; it 
 would be an improvement perhaps to extend the internal length of the Church exactly equal to 
 twice its internal width, and divide it into nineteen parts, devoting fourteen to the Nave and five 
 to the Chancel ; that is to say, to make the Nave seven bays in length and the Chancel two and 
 a-half. 
 
 Plate LXI., represents an exterior elevation of the great east window, and a finer example 
 of the style perhaps is not to be found in England ; there is decidedly nothing to compare to 
 it in the county. The Church was built in the reign of Henry IV., between the years 1404 
 and 1426- 
 
 Ciltfg 
 
 Is sixteen miles north-north-west of Chelmsford, and consists of a Nave 47 feet in length and 
 18^ feet wide, with a south porch in the usual position, and a Chancel 19 feet from east to west, 
 by 24^ feet from north to south. The height of the Nave to the top of the wall plates is 17 feet. 
 The roofs of Nave and Chancel are precisely the same as that over the Nave of Roxwell Church, 
 Plate II.; from the floor up to the under side of the collar beam is 23^ feet. There are two 
 lancet windows at the west end, the dimensions of which are from the floor up to the top of the 
 sill 6-f feet, and thence to the springing of the heads 9^: feet, and thence to the crown of the 
 arch 1 foot inches. The width of each window is 1 foot inches on the face of the glass, 
 and 1 foot 8 inches on the outer face of the wall, and 5 feet 7 inches on the inner face of the 
 wall. The depth of the sill splay is 6 inches inside and outside. The thickness of the west 
 and north and south walls is exactly 3 feet. IIow different to those of the present day. 
 The glass of all the windows of the Nave recedes from the inner face of the wall 2 feet 5 
 inches, the width from centre to centre of the two west windows is 6 feet 2 inches. There are 
 four lancet windows on each side of the Nave, the sills of which are on the same level as those 
 described, and the windows are also similar, with the exception of being 3 feet 4^ inches shorter ; 
 from the inner face of the west wall to the centre of the north and south doorways measures 10 
 feet 7 inches. There are no mouldings of any sort to either doorways or windows, the inside 
 splays of wliich are carved round, 
 
37 
 
 The windows on the north and south sides are eastward of the doorways, and are externally 
 crowned with a label rounded on the outside and splayed within. Towards the eastern 
 extremity of the south wall of the Nave is a very beautiful piscina and locker, and it is very 
 remarkable that the locker is eastward of the piscina. There are no appearances of a sedilia, 
 and whether the present Nave formerly constituted the whole Church cannot now be ascertained. 
 This Nave offers a very good model for imitation ; the piscina is a very fine example of the style, 
 and is possessed of some features not to be met with elsewhere. The elevations of this piscina 
 and locker are given, with their details, on Plate LXIV. Before making any remarks on 
 the Chancel, it may be observed that there never was any Tower or any buttresses to the 
 Nave walls, and that the small bell cote is of quite modem date. The Chancel is one of 
 the most accomplished pieces of architecture in the kingdom. The piscina and sedilia are, 
 in all probability, unique examples of the style; they are given, with their details, on 
 Plate LXIII. Over the sedilia is a very beautiful two-light window, and on the north 
 side is one of the very best and finest three-light windows to be met with anywhere. The 
 side walls are feet high from the floor to the wall plate. There are side and diagonal 
 buttresses to the Chancel of good character, and furnished with rich base mouldings, string 
 course, and sets off in three stages above the base, but the greatest glory of the Church is the 
 east window ; the elevation and details of which are given on Plate LXII. The tracery of 
 this window is so very beautiful that it quite exceeds description. The apex of the gable above 
 this window is crowned with one of the richest and most beautiful crosses in the kingdom, and 
 a most appropriate ornament it is for the exterior decoration of Churches. 
 
 The whole of the Nave is in the early English style, between the years 1217 and 1245, 
 of the time of Henry III. 
 
 The Chancel is of the decorated style in its perfection, and was built between the years 
 1299 and 1325, during the reigns of Edward I. and II. 
 
 Plate LXII. — The elevation of east window. 
 
 Fig. 1, section of exterior half of sill. 
 
 Fig. 2, plan of jamb and mullion. 
 
 Fig. 3, horizontal section of the three orders of mullion and cusping. 
 
 Plate LXIII. — Sedilia and piscina in Chancel. 
 
 Fig. 1, shows elevation of sedilia and piscina inch scale, and their position with regard 
 to the east wall and floor of Chancel. The soffite of the tracery is carried square back to 
 the wall. 
 
 Fig. 2, shows plan to same scale. The detail of all the shafts is alike, and the two drains 
 in piscina are exactly similar. There is a bracket (C), on each side of piscina which formerly 
 supported a shelf (G). This bracket is shown in detail at Fig. 4. 
 
 Fig. 3, shows the detail of half one of the shafts, and half one of the arches and tracery. 
 The label (F) to sedilia arches almost exactly corresponds with the string enclosing the whole, 
 which is also continued round the Chancel. 
 
 Fig. 4, detail of bracket supporting shelf in piscina. 
 
 Fig. 5, Section of nosing to seats of sedilia. 
 
 L 
 
38 
 
 Fig. 6, detail of cap. 
 
 Fig. 7, detail of base to shafts of sedilia and piscina, half full size. 
 
 Fig. 8, detail of half one of the traceried heads to sedilia, one fourth full size. This arch 
 it will be seen is segmental. 
 
 Fig, 9, is a plan, and 
 
 Fig. 10, a section (on the line a, a,) of half one of the drains in the piscina. 
 
 Plate LXIV. — Locker and piscina in Nave. 
 
 Fig. 1, is an elevation of locker and piscina to half inch scale. One of the irons on which 
 the hinge of the door was hung is still remaining. 
 
 Fig. 2, is a section of piscina, showing the foliated termination of the abacus to shaft. 
 
 Fig. 3, is a plan to the same scale. 
 
 Fig. 4, is a detail of the shafted jamb and arch to piscina, half full size. 
 
 Fig. 5, is a section of cap, and 
 
 Fig. 6, is a section of base to shafts of piscina. 
 
 Fig. 7, is detail of jamb of locker at C. 
 
 Figs. 8 and 9, elevation and section of termination of label at F. 
 
 Fig. 1 0, plan and section of drain marked B, piscina. 
 
 Fig. 11, plan and section of drain marked A, piscina. 
 
 Castlf iiftungjiam 
 
 Is nineteen miles north of Chelmsford. 
 
 Plate LXV.— Fig. 1, represents the base of the keep. 
 
 Fig. 6, represents to a large scale the base mouldings ; and 
 
 Fig. 7, a portion of the base drawn to one quarter the real size. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents the plan of the state-room ; L, L, the piers of the great arch ; G, the 
 fire place ; M, M, recesses ; F and N, windows ; J, closets ; II, water-closet ; K, the grand spiral 
 staircase, 11;^ feet in diameter. The wall to the right is 11^ feet thick, and the other walls 
 10 feet. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the gallery plan ; D, the great arch ; E, the stairs ; A, B, and C, the 
 gallery. 
 
 Figs, 4 and 5, represent the side and face of one of the corbels that support the floor. 
 
 Plate LX VI. — Fig. 1, represents a section of the structure from east to west, looking 
 south. It must here be observed that the lower part of this section has no reference whatever 
 to the two plans on Plate LXV. W, on this section, and A, refer to buttresses, the same as 
 those on Fig. 3, Plate LXV. G, H, the grand entrance below the state-room, and D, D, the 
 great arch. All the other letters of reference given on this section will be understood by carefully 
 
39 
 
 examining and comparing this and the last plate together, as they refer to the same parts on 
 both. 
 
 Fig. 2, gives half the exterior elevation of the grand entrance doorway. 
 
 Fig. 3, the plan of the jamb ; H, the groove, where the portcullis used to slide up and 
 down ; G, the recess within ; the same letters are given on the section. 
 
 Fig. 4, represents to a large scale the cap and base of doorway ; and 
 
 Fig. 5, the right-hand springer, also to a large scale. 
 
 Figs. 6 and 7, represent the same arch stone. These figures will be better understood by 
 referring to the letters marked on them. 
 
 Plate LXVII., at Fig. 1, is shown half an exterior and half an interior elevation of 
 one of the windows of the dormitory or room over the gallery ; and here it must also be 
 observed that the contents of this Plate have no reference to the preceding or subsequent ones. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents a vertical section of the window. 
 
 Fig. 3, one of the key-stones, marked A, at Fig. 1, of the arch. 
 
 Fig. 4, represents three plans of the window arch, one drawn upon the other ; the dark 
 tinted part shows the plan of the jamb, and the curved lines, E and F, show the projection of 
 the base mouldings — if the point of a pencil be placed upon the angle, H, and traced round 
 the segment, the triangle and the two other segments, the line so traced will give the section 
 of the arch cut through Fig. 3, at H, and if the pencil be placed at G, and traced round as 
 before, it will produce the section of the arch stone on the line. A, G, Fig. 3. The space between 
 the lines, D, represent the projection of the abacus, as shown at D, Figs. 1 and 2 ; the same 
 abacus is represented at D, Fig. 7, one quarter the real size, together with the capitals and 
 part of the shafts below. 
 
 Figs. 8 to 11, are crowned with the same abacus as Fig. 7. There are sixteen varieties of 
 capitals, all of which are included in these five examples. Figs. 5 and 6, represent the only 
 varieties of base mouldings belonging to the windows just referred to. 
 
 Plate LXVIII., at Fig. 1, is represented an interior, and at Fig. 2, an exterior elevation 
 of one of the gallery windows, the same as shown at B, on the gallery plan. Fig. 3, Plate 
 LXV., and at B, on the section, Fig. 1, Plate LXVI. 
 
 Fig. 4, represents the plan of the window both above and below the springing. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents an elevation, in two halves, of the windows of the state-room, marked F, 
 Fig. 1, Plate LXVI., and Fig. 2, Plate LXV. I, J, K, and L, represent the interior, and 
 M, the exterior. 
 
 Fig. 5, shows the entire plan of the window jamb. The letters on the plan refer to the 
 same parts on the elevation. 
 
 Fig. 6, represents a section of the zig-zag ornament taken through the joints of the 
 arch stones, the same as at AD, AD, Figs. 8 and 3. 
 
 Fig. 7, shows a section of the same arch cut through at AB, AB, Figs. 3 and 8. 
 
 Fig. 8, represents to a large scale the first stone or springer. 
 
 Plate LXIX. — Fig. 1, represents the plan of the great arch of the state-room ; and 
 
40 
 
 Figs. 2 and 3, a side elevation of the cap and base of the middle pillar. The ball ornament 
 in the base is omitted in order to show the sinking. 
 
 Figs. 4 and 5, represent an elevation of the face of the cap and base mouldings. There 
 is a small pillar on both sides of the large one. 
 
 Figs. 6 to 9, are specimens of base mouldings, and 
 
 Figs. 10 and 11, the caps of the small shafts belonging to the recesses at M, Fig. 1, 
 Plate LXVI., and M., Fig. 2, Plate LXV. 
 
 Plate LXX. — Fig. 1, represents an elevation of two fire-places; that half of the elevation 
 to the left is from the state-room, and that to the right from the fire-place of the room below. 
 
 Fig. 2, gives the plan of both fire-places. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents a vertical section of the fire-place of the State-room; G, the hearth, 
 the same as at G, Fig. 2, Plate LXV. ; H, the back of the fire-place ; E, the crown of the 
 vaulted roof over the fire-place ; and F, the section of the arch C, D. C, D, represent the side 
 of a buttress, the same as R, Fig. 3, Plate LXV. ; the buttress is perforated at I, I, laterally for 
 the outlet of the smoke. 
 
 Fig. 4, is an elevation of one of the arch stones; the letters of reference point to the same 
 stone on Fig. 1. 
 
 Fig. 5, gives a section of the arch taken at B, B, and 
 
 Fig. 6, a section at A, A. 
 
 Fig. 7, represents an elevation of a stone of the right hand arch, and the tinted part 
 of Fig. 8, the section of the arch at L, K, and the outer line of the figure K, K, gives 
 the section at K, K, Fig. 7. 
 
 Plate LXXI. — Figs. 1 to 4, represent the base plan and capitals of the fire-places given on 
 the last Plate, one-quarter the real size. 
 
 Fig. 5, represents an elevation of the doorway leading from the staircase to the gallery, as 
 seen at A, Fig. 3, Plate LXV. 
 
 Fig. 6, shows a part of the same jamb, one-quarter full size, and 
 
 Fig. 7, the plan of the jamb. 
 
 The best and most useful parts of this monument of by-gone days have been selected 
 for illustration here. A perspective view and some other portions of this famous castle are 
 omitted, as Mr. Britton has given them in his “ Antiquities.” It is impossible to determine the 
 date, but it is supposed to have been built by Aubrey de V ere, first Earl of Oxford, to whom the 
 manor was given by William the Conqueror, and the time of its erection is believed to have been 
 between the years 1088 and 1107, during the reigns of the two Williams. It is quite certain 
 that it was finished before 1151, and a careful examination of all its beautiful parts will be 
 sufficient to satisfy any one acquainted with Norman architecture that the earlier date is the most 
 probable. 
 
 The other details, given on Plate LXXI., are from the Wild Boar Inn, near the Castle. 
 
 Fig. 8, represents the side elevation of the floor joist and the section of the beam end. 
 
 Fig. 9, the side elevation of the same beam, and section of two joist ends. 
 
41 
 
 Fig. 10, shows the under side of this beam, and 
 Fig. 11, a complete section of the beam end. 
 
 Fig. 12 , represents the under face of a joist end. 
 
 The whole of these figures are drawn one-quarter the full size, and are very valuable 
 examples of ancient domestic carpentry, of the time of Henry VII., between the years 1485 
 and 1515. 
 
 The author begs here to tender his thanks to A. Majendie, Esq., the proprietor of the 
 Castle, for his kindness, and for permitting these interesting details to be made public. 
 
 Hittlf %nsijiS ^norg 
 
 Is seven miles north north-east of Chelmsford. There is now remaining the large and beautiful 
 gateway, a perspective view of which is given on Plate LXXII., and the door, doorway, 
 and details, on Plate LXXIII. The number of Plates which this volume already contains 
 deprived us of an opportunity of giving the remainder of the details, such as the chimneys, 
 windows, turrets, &c., which are well adapted for modern practice. 
 
 The date of this interesting ruin is of the time of Edward IV. and Edward V., between the 
 years 1458 and 1485. 
 
 Is nine miles and a-half east of Chelmsford. The only remains of this once glorious structure 
 are the chapter house and refectory, of which a ground plan is given on 
 
 Plate LXXIV. — Fig. 1, A, the chapter house ; B, a small cell adjoining ; C, the refectory ; 
 D, staircase ; E, pantry ; F, a room, now used as a dwelling ; G, the place where was the staircase 
 leading up to the dormitory ; H, a passage leading to the cloisters, a small portion of which is 
 shown at I. One of the entrances from the cloisters to the chapter house is shown at Y ; and 
 one of the windows at X ; and at T, is represented the entrance doorway to the refectory, and S, 
 the fire place. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents a longitudinal section of the refectory and chapter house. 
 
 Fig. 3, shows half an exterior and half an interior elevation of the six windows marked 
 A, on the plan. J, J, shows the exterior half, and K, the interior half ; the curved line L, shows 
 the sotfite of the wall ribs, and M, the top of the window string. 
 
 Fig. 4, represents a vertical section of the same window. 
 
 M 
 
42 
 
 rig. 5, an exterior elevation of the two small windows shown at R, on the ground plan. 
 
 Plate LXXV. — Fig. 1, represents the double doorway at the west end of the chapter 
 house. The arch mouldings J and K, are given at Fig. 1, Plate LXXXI. 
 
 Figs. 2 and 3, represent to a larger scale the cap and base of the jamb shafts. 
 
 Figs. 4, 5, and 6, represent three half elevations and base of the pillars that stand on the 
 centre line of the chapter house to support the groining. 
 
 Figs. 7 and 8, represent the cap and base of the window shafts. 
 
 Plate LXXVI. — Fig. 1, represents an interior elevation of the same doorway and window 
 as given on the last Plate, together with the fresco painting under the wall ribs. The ground is 
 cream coloured and the flowing tendrils are a rich deep red. There are several fragments of the 
 same coloured fresco to be met with in the different parts of the chapter house, but the one here 
 illustrated is the only perfect example. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents a section of the wall rib. 
 
 Fig. 3, a section of the diagonal, longitudinal, and transverse ribs of the groinings in 
 chapter house. 
 
 Fig. 6, represents an elevation of all the corbels that support the angle ribs. 
 
 Fig. 5, is a section of the jamb and arch mouldings of the window, the stop at the bottom 
 of which is given at Fig. 4. 
 
 Plate LXXVII. — Fig. 1, gives the plan of the chapter house doorjamb. 
 
 Figs. 3 and 4, represent to a large scale the dog-tooth ornament with which the jambs are 
 severally enriched. 
 
 Fig. 8, represents a vertical section of the two-light window. 
 
 Figs. 2, 5, 6, and 7, show the plans and elevations of the ribs and corbels in the 
 refectory. 
 
 Plate LXXVIII.- — Fig. 1, represents the south bay of the refectory. 
 
 Fig. 2, the interior elevation of the entrance doorway marked T, on the ground plan 
 Plate LXXIV. A and B, show the ends of the descending steps. 
 
 Fig. 3, represents the plan of the doorjambs. 
 
 Fig. 4, a beautiful corbel. 
 
 Fig. 5, the neck ornament the full size. 
 
 Fig. 6, 7, and 8, the caps and bases of the pillars that support the groining of the refectory. 
 
 Plate LXXIX. — Fig. 1, represents the second bay from the north on the west wall of the 
 refectory ; this bay contains the magnificent fire-place, the situation of which is shown at S, on 
 the ground plan Fig. 1, Plate LXXIV. 
 
 Fig. 2, represents the elevation of the fire-place. 
 
 Fig. 5, a vertical section of the mantel-piece. 
 
 Fig. 6, the plan of the left-hand jamb, the other figures sufficiently explain themselves. 
 
 Plate LXXX. — Figs. 1 to 10, represent the various enrichments cf the fire-place drawn 
 half the full size. 
 
 Fig. 12, represents a vertical section of the fire-place. 
 
 Fig. 11, represents one of the angle corbels of the refectory. 
 
43 
 
 Plate LXXXI. — Fig. 1, the plan of the arch mouldings that crown the doorways of the 
 chapter house. 
 
 Fig. 6, a vertical section of the doorway. 
 
 Figs. 2 and 3, represent the stoppings to a large scale. 
 
 Fig. 4, A, the ribs, and B, the diagonal ribs of chapter house; G, abacus of the corbel, 
 Fig. 6, Plate LXXVII. 
 
 Fig. 5, represents the top of one-half of all the pillars in the chapter house, and B, the 
 ribs taken on the impost line, the same ribs are shown at Figs. 2 and 3, A and B, Plate 
 LXXVI. 
 
 There is a variety of other relics of great practical value in this Abbey, that the author hopes 
 to publish at some future time. The fire-place is an exceedingly fine example of the Perpendicular 
 style of the time of Henry VI., between the years 1435 and 1445. The rest of the matter given 
 on these Plates is in the early English style of the time of Henry III., between the years 1220 
 and 1235, the period when this beautiful style had arrived at its utmost degree of perfection. 
 
 In concluding the description of the subjects illustrated on these Plates, the author has the 
 gratification of acknowledging the kindness experienced from Dr. Baker, of Maldon Hall. 
 

 
 
 
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CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF SUBJECTS 
 
 CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME. 
 
 NORMAN. ' 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Figure. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Figure. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Arches 
 
 66 
 
 1 
 
 1097 
 
 Fire-places . 
 
 70 
 
 
 1097 
 
 Arch mouldings . 
 
 . 66 
 
 5, 6, 7 
 
 1097 
 
 55 
 
 • yf 
 
 >3 
 
 2 | 
 
 55 
 
 99 • • 
 
 67 
 
 3, 4 
 
 5J 
 
 Ground Plans 
 
 65 
 
 2, 3 
 
 1097 
 
 99 * • 
 
 68 
 
 4 to 8 
 
 )i 
 
 Jamb Mouldings 
 
 66 
 
 3 
 
 1097 
 
 99 * • 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 
 )> 
 
 99 • * 
 
 67 
 
 4 
 
 55 
 
 99 • 
 
 70 
 
 4 to 8 
 
 JJ 
 
 99 • • 
 
 68 
 
 4, 5 
 
 99 
 
 99 * 
 
 71 
 
 7 
 
 55 
 
 99 • • 
 
 70 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • 
 
 26 
 
 3, 5, 6 
 
 1112 
 
 • 
 
 71 
 
 GO 
 
 99 
 
 99 • 
 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 55 
 
 
 26 
 
 4 
 
 1112 
 
 Buttresses . 
 
 65 
 
 6, 7 
 
 1097 
 
 Pillars 
 
 66 
 
 4 
 
 1097 
 
 Corbels 
 
 65 
 
 4, 5 
 
 1097 
 
 
 67 
 
 5 to 11 
 
 99 
 
 Door . 
 
 9 
 
 
 1066 
 
 99 * * • 
 
 69 
 
 2 to 11 
 
 99 
 
 Doorways . 
 
 66 
 
 2 
 
 1097 
 
 99 • • • 
 
 71 
 
 I 5 2, 4, 6 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • 
 
 71 
 
 
 55 
 
 99 • • 
 
 26 
 
 7, 8 
 
 1112 
 
 99 • • 
 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 1112 
 
 Windows 
 
 67 
 
 I 5 2 
 
 1097 
 
 99 • • 
 
 27 
 
 1 
 
 55 
 
 
 68 
 
 1 to 3 
 
 99 
 
 Elevation 
 
 65 
 
 1 
 
 1097 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SEMI-NORMAN. 
 
 
 
 
 Arch Mouldings 
 
 27 
 
 7 
 
 1165 
 
 Jamb Mouldings 
 
 27 
 
 6 
 
 1165 
 
 Doorway 
 
 27 
 
 3 
 
 
 Pillars 
 
 27 
 
 4, 5 
 
 99 
 
 
 
 EARLY ENGLISH. 
 
 
 
 
 Arches 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 1200 
 
 Ai'ch Mouldings . 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 1230 
 
 99 • ♦ • 
 
 74 
 
 2 
 
 1228 
 
 99 • • 
 
 64 
 
 4 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • • 
 
 76 
 
 1 
 
 
 99 • • 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 1260 
 
 99 * * * 
 
 78 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 99 * • » 
 
 79 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 Corbels 
 
 51 
 
 10 
 
 1225 
 
 99 • * 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 1260 
 
 99 » • 
 
 76 
 
 4 
 
 1228 
 
 Arch Mouldings 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 1193 
 
 99 • • • 
 
 77 
 
 5, 6 
 
 j j 
 
 99 • • 
 
 20 
 
 8 , 10 
 
 1200 
 
 . « • 
 
 78 
 
 4, 5 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • 
 
 50 
 
 3, 8 
 
 1225 
 
 99 * • 
 
 79 
 
 CO 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • 
 
 51 
 
 2, 3, 14 
 
 
 5? • • • 
 
 80 
 
 11 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • 
 
 76 
 
 5 
 
 1228 
 
 99 * • • 
 
 7 
 
 3, 4, 6 
 
 1230 
 
 99 • ♦ 
 
 81 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 . • • 
 
 8 1 
 
 5 2, 4, 5 
 
 > J 
 
 99 
 
 21 
 
 9 
 
 1230 
 
 99 * * • 
 
 21 
 
 5, 6 
 
 99 
 
 N 
 
46 
 
 
 
 EARLY 
 
 ENGLISH. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Figure. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Figure. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Corbels 
 
 64 
 
 5, 8 , 9 
 
 1230 
 
 Pillars 
 
 20 
 
 1 to 6 
 
 1200 
 
 5> • • 
 
 5 
 
 1 , 2 , 6 
 
 1260 
 
 99 * • 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 1225 
 
 Doorways 
 
 50 
 
 7 
 
 1225 
 
 99 * • • 
 
 51 4 
 
 00 
 
 55 
 
 99 • • • 
 
 75 
 
 1 
 
 1228 
 
 99 * • • 
 
 75 
 
 2 to 8 
 
 1228 
 
 99 • • • 
 
 76 
 
 4 
 
 jj 
 
 99 • • 
 
 78 
 
 6 , 7, 8 
 
 55 
 
 99 * ♦ • 
 
 78 
 
 2 
 
 )> 
 
 99 * 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 1230 
 
 99 • • • 
 
 81 
 
 6 
 
 » 
 
 99 * ♦ • 
 
 21 
 
 7 
 
 55 
 
 99 • • • 
 
 21 
 
 1 , S 
 
 1230 
 
 99 * • • 
 
 48 
 
 2, 3 
 
 1230 
 
 99 • * • 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1260 
 
 99 • • • 
 
 64 
 
 5 
 
 55 
 
 Fresco Painting . 
 
 76 
 
 5 
 
 1228 
 
 99 • • • 
 
 4 
 
 3, 4 
 
 1260 
 
 Ground Plan 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 1193 
 
 99 • • • 
 
 5 
 
 3, 4, 5 
 
 55 
 
 99 * 
 
 74 
 
 1 
 
 1228 
 
 Piscina 
 
 51 
 
 12 
 
 1225 
 
 Jamb Mouldings . 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 1225 
 
 99 * * • 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 1230 
 
 99 
 
 51 
 
 7, 14 
 
 55 
 
 99 • • * 
 
 64 
 
 I 5 2, 3 
 
 J J 
 
 99 • • 
 
 76 
 
 5 
 
 1228 
 
 Rib Mouldings 
 
 76 
 
 2, 3 
 
 1228 
 
 99 * * 
 
 77 
 
 1 
 
 55 
 
 99 • • 
 
 81 
 
 4, 5 
 
 
 99 * • 
 
 78 
 
 3 
 
 55 
 
 Sedilia 
 
 51 
 
 10 
 
 1225 
 
 99 * • 
 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 1230 
 
 99 • • 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 1230 
 
 99 • • 
 
 64 
 
 4 
 
 55 
 
 Windows 
 
 49 
 
 
 1225 
 
 99 • • 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1260 
 
 99 • • 
 
 50 
 
 4 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • 
 
 6 
 
 
 55 
 
 99 • • 
 
 74 
 
 3, 4, 5 
 
 1228 
 
 Locker 
 
 64 
 
 1 
 
 1230 
 
 99 • • 
 
 75 
 
 Z 
 
 JJ 
 
 Mullibns 
 
 76 
 
 D 
 
 1228 
 
 99 • • 
 
 76 
 
 D 
 
 JJ 
 
 99 • • 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 1260 
 
 99 • • 
 
 77 
 
 8 
 
 99 
 
 Niche 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 1200 
 
 )) • • 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 1260 
 
 Pillars 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 1193 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 EARLY DECORATED. 
 
 
 
 
 Arches 
 
 14 
 
 2 , 3 
 
 1285 
 
 Jamb Mouldings . 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 1285 
 
 99 • • 
 
 17 
 
 8 , 10 
 
 99 
 
 99 • 
 
 18 
 
 I 5 2 
 
 JJ 
 
 Arch Mouldings . 
 
 55 
 
 2 , 3 
 
 1276 
 
 99 • 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 JJ 
 
 99 ♦ 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 1285 
 
 99 • 
 
 32 
 
 3 
 
 J J 
 
 99 • 
 
 16 
 
 3 , 4 
 
 99 
 
 99 • 
 
 33 
 
 ^5 3, 4 
 
 JJ 
 
 99 • 
 
 17 
 
 2 , 6 
 
 99 
 
 99 • 
 
 27 
 
 10 
 
 1312 
 
 99 • 
 
 18 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 Mullions 
 
 55 
 
 2—5 
 
 1276 
 
 • 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • 
 
 16 
 
 3, 4 
 
 1285 
 
 99 • 
 
 32 
 
 3 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • 
 
 32 
 
 3 
 
 JJ 
 
 5) • 
 
 33 
 
 2 , 3 , 4 
 
 99 
 
 Pillars . 
 
 15 
 
 35 4 
 
 1285 
 
 99 • 
 
 27 
 
 10 
 
 1312 
 
 • • • 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 99 
 
 Buttresses 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 1285 
 
 M • • • 
 
 17 
 
 3, 4, 5 
 
 99 
 
 Doorways 
 
 15 
 
 
 1285 
 
 99 • • • 
 
 18 
 
 3, 4 
 
 99 
 
 • • 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • • 
 
 30 
 
 3, 4 
 
 99 
 
 99 
 
 33 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 • • • 
 
 32 
 
 4 
 
 99 
 
 Font 
 
 22 
 
 
 99 
 
 Windows 
 
 55 
 
 1 
 
 1276 
 
 Ground Plan 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • 
 
 16 
 
 I 5 2 
 
 1285 
 
 Jamb Mouldings 
 
 55 
 
 2 , 3 
 
 1276 
 
 • 
 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 J J 
 
 99 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 1285 
 
 99 • 
 
 32 
 
 1, 5S/ 
 
 99 
 
 99 
 
 16 
 
 3, 4 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • 
 
 27 
 
 8 , 9 
 
 1312 
 
47 
 
 DECORATED. 
 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Figure. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Figure. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Arches 
 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 1340 
 
 Jamb Mouldings . 
 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 1340 
 
 Arch Mouldings . 
 
 
 62 
 
 1 
 
 1312 
 
 55 • 
 
 
 12 
 
 2, 3 
 
 }) 
 
 S9 • 
 
 
 63 
 
 
 99 
 
 55 • 
 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 99 • 
 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 1340 
 
 55 • 
 
 
 29 
 
 5, 7 
 
 99 
 
 99 * 
 
 
 10 
 
 3, 6 
 
 
 55 • 
 
 
 45 
 
 6 
 
 99 
 
 99 • 
 
 
 11 
 
 5 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 
 47 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 99 
 
 
 12 
 
 2, 3 
 
 55 
 
 55 • 
 
 
 48 
 
 6 
 
 55 
 
 99 • 
 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 55 • 
 
 
 23 
 
 2, 4 
 
 1360 
 
 99 * 
 
 
 29 
 
 5, 7 
 
 99 
 
 55 
 
 
 50 
 
 6 
 
 1364 
 
 99 • 
 
 
 45 
 
 6 
 
 99 
 
 Mulbons 
 
 
 62 
 
 1—3 
 
 1312 
 
 99 
 
 
 47 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 55 • • 
 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 1340 
 
 99 • 
 
 
 48 
 
 6 
 
 99 
 
 55 • • 
 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 55 
 
 99 
 
 
 23 
 
 2, 4 
 
 1360 
 
 55 • 
 
 
 29 
 
 7 
 
 55 
 
 99 
 
 
 50 
 
 6 
 
 99 
 
 55 • • 
 
 
 48 
 
 6 
 
 55 
 
 Buttresses . 
 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 1340 
 
 55 
 
 
 23 
 
 2, 4 
 
 1360 
 
 Corbels 
 
 
 63 
 
 
 1312 
 
 Pillars. 
 
 
 63 
 
 
 1312 
 
 99 * • 
 
 
 29 
 
 2, 3 
 
 1340 
 
 55 • 
 
 
 45 
 
 1, 2 
 
 1340 
 
 Crosses 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 1340 
 
 Sedilia. 
 
 
 63 
 
 
 1312 
 
 99 • * 
 
 
 29 
 
 1 
 
 55 
 
 55 • • 
 
 
 45 
 
 1 
 
 1340 
 
 Doorways . 
 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 1340 
 
 Windows 
 
 
 62 
 
 
 1312 
 
 99 • • 
 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 55 
 
 55 • • 
 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 1340 
 
 99 • • 
 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 55 
 
 55 • • 
 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 55 
 
 99 • • 
 
 
 47 
 
 1 
 
 55 
 
 99 • • 
 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 55 
 
 Jamb Mouldings . 
 
 
 62 
 
 1 
 
 1312 
 
 55 
 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 55 
 
 99 
 
 
 63 
 
 
 55 
 
 55 • • 
 
 
 48 
 
 5 
 
 55 
 
 99 • 
 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 1340 
 
 55 
 
 
 23 
 
 1, 3 
 
 1360 
 
 99 • 
 
 
 10 
 
 3, 6 
 
 55 
 
 55 • • 
 
 
 50 
 
 5 
 
 1364 
 
 LATE DECORATED. 
 
 Arches 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1385 
 
 Ground Plan 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1385 
 
 55 • • 
 
 40 
 
 2 
 
 1390 
 
 55 • 
 
 40 
 
 1 
 
 1390 
 
 55 • • 
 
 24 
 
 Q 
 
 /V 
 
 1420 
 
 55 • 
 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 1420 
 
 55 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 55 
 
 Jamb Mouldings . 
 
 1 
 
 3, 4 
 
 1385 
 
 Arch Mouldings . 
 
 1 
 
 3, 4 
 
 1385 
 
 55 • 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 99 
 
 55 • 
 
 3 
 
 2, 5 
 
 55 
 
 55 • 
 
 3 
 
 2, 5 
 
 99 
 
 55 • 
 
 39 
 
 10, 12 
 
 1390 
 
 55 • 
 
 39 
 
 12 
 
 1390 
 
 55 • 
 
 40 
 
 6 
 
 55 
 
 55 * 
 
 40 
 
 6, 8 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 24 
 
 4 
 
 1420 
 
 55 • 
 
 24 
 
 4, 9 
 
 1420 
 
 55 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 55 
 
 55 • 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 55 
 
 Mullions 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 1385 
 
 Buttresses . 
 
 46 
 
 4 to 7 
 
 1365 
 
 55 • • 
 
 3 
 
 2, 5 
 
 55 
 
 55 • 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 1385 
 
 55 • • 
 
 24 
 
 4, 6 
 
 1420 
 
 Door 
 
 39 
 
 9 
 
 1390 
 
 Pillars 
 
 40 
 
 4, 5 
 
 1390 
 
 Doorways 
 
 1 
 
 1, 2 
 
 1385 
 
 55 • • 
 
 25 
 
 4 
 
 1420 
 
 55 • • 
 
 40 
 
 7 
 
 1390 
 
 Piscina 
 
 40 
 
 2, 3 
 
 1390 
 
 55 • 
 
 25 
 
 o 
 
 1420 
 
 55 • • 
 
 24 
 
 7, 8 
 
 1420 
 
48 
 
 LATE DECORATED. 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Figure. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Figure. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Roofs 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1390 
 
 Windows 
 
 3 
 
 1, 3, 4 
 
 1385 
 
 )f ’ • 
 
 24 
 
 2 
 
 1420 
 
 33 • • 
 
 39 
 
 11 
 
 1390 
 
 )) • • 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 
 33 • • 
 
 24 
 
 3, 5 
 
 1420 
 
 Windows 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1385 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 EARLY 
 
 PERPENDICULAR. 
 
 
 
 
 Arch Mouldings . 
 
 33 
 
 6, 7 
 
 1390 
 
 Jamb Mouldings . 
 
 46 
 
 2 
 
 1420 
 
 }) • 
 
 46 
 
 2 
 
 1420 
 
 MulKons 
 
 33 
 
 6, 7 
 
 1390 
 
 Doorways 
 
 46 
 
 1 
 
 1420 
 
 Windows 
 
 31 
 
 1 
 
 }> 
 
 Jamb Motxldings . 
 
 33 
 
 6, 7 
 
 1390 
 
 33 • • 
 
 33 
 
 5 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 PERPENDICULAR. 
 
 
 
 
 Arches 
 
 34 
 
 1 
 
 1430 
 
 Jamb Mouldings . 
 
 52 
 
 2, 7 
 
 1412 
 
 • * 
 
 38 
 
 1 
 
 35 
 
 33 
 
 60 
 
 
 1415 
 
 Arch Mouldings . 
 
 52 
 
 2, 7 
 
 1412 
 
 33 • 
 
 61 
 
 
 33 
 
 • 
 
 60 
 
 
 1415 
 
 33 • 
 
 35 
 
 1 
 
 1430 
 
 5 J • 
 
 61 
 
 
 99 
 
 33 • 
 
 54 
 
 4 
 
 1435 
 
 • 
 
 36 
 
 1 
 
 1430 
 
 33 • 
 
 58 
 
 4 
 
 1440 
 
 99 • 
 
 38 
 
 4 
 
 33 
 
 33 • 
 
 79 
 
 6 
 
 35 
 
 99 • 
 
 54 
 
 5 
 
 1435 
 
 Mullions 
 
 52 
 
 2 
 
 1412 
 
 99 • 
 
 58 
 
 
 1440 
 
 33 • • 
 
 61 
 
 
 1415 
 
 99 • 
 
 79 
 
 6 
 
 33 
 
 33 • 
 
 35 
 
 3 
 
 1430 
 
 Bosses 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 1470 
 
 33 • • 
 
 38 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 Boutel 
 
 79 
 
 7, 8 
 
 1440 
 
 99 • • 
 
 58 
 
 
 1440 
 
 Buttresses . 
 
 35 
 
 2, 4, 5 
 
 1430 
 
 Niche . 
 
 34 
 
 1 
 
 1430 
 
 99 • • 
 
 57 
 
 
 1440 
 
 33 • • • 
 
 37 
 
 1 
 
 35 
 
 99 - * • 
 
 58 
 
 
 33 
 
 33 • • • 
 
 56 
 
 
 1440 
 
 Corbels 
 
 60 
 
 
 1415 
 
 33 • • • 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 99 * • 
 
 57 
 
 
 1440 
 
 Parapet 
 
 58 
 
 
 1440 
 
 99 • • 
 
 14 
 
 4 to 7 
 
 1470 
 
 Pillar 
 
 60 
 
 
 1415 
 
 Door . 
 
 39 
 
 1 to 4 
 
 1430 
 
 33 
 
 36 
 
 2 
 
 1430 
 
 Doorways • 
 
 52 
 
 6 
 
 1412 
 
 33 • 
 
 38 
 
 2, 3 
 
 99 
 
 99 • • 
 
 54 
 
 1 
 
 1435 
 
 33 
 
 54 
 
 2, 3 
 
 1435 
 
 Elevation 
 
 57 
 
 
 1440 
 
 99 • • 
 
 58 
 
 
 1440 
 
 Enrichments 
 
 80 
 
 1 to 10 
 
 33 
 
 Rib Moulding 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 1470 
 
 Exterior View 
 
 56 
 
 
 99 
 
 Roof . 
 
 14 
 
 2, 3 
 
 1470 
 
 Fire Place . 
 
 79 
 
 2 
 
 99 
 
 Windows 
 
 52 
 
 1 
 
 1412 
 
 Ground Plan 
 
 60 
 
 
 1415 
 
 33 • • 
 
 61 
 
 
 1415 
 
 Interior View 
 
 59 
 
 
 33 
 
 33 • • 
 
 57 
 
 
 1440 
 
 
 
 
 TUDOR. 
 
 
 
 
 Arch Mouldings . 
 
 73 
 
 4 
 
 1470 
 
 Joist and Girder . 
 
 71 
 
 8 to 12 
 
 1500 
 
 Bench Ends 
 
 47 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 Mullion 
 
 73 
 
 2 
 
 1470 
 
 99 • 
 
 53 
 
 
 1490 
 
 Pillar 
 
 47 
 
 3 
 
 99 
 
 Doors 
 
 73 
 
 
 1470 
 
 33 * • 
 
 54 
 
 6, 7 
 
 1475 
 
 Exterior View 
 
 72 
 
 
 33 
 
 Roof . 
 
 59 
 
 
 1415 
 
 Jamb Mouldings . 
 
 73 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 
 
 Macintosh, Printer, Great New-street, London. 
 
®ra 
 
 Flate,l 
 
 ■ Jam.es Ifadfield Del': 
 
 J)t!^'JiSo7c.7/,'A. r-' V) /! ; 
 
 Lon(loiL,PuHislied Aug!^.*- 1847 ~b}f Jolm. Williams !LC^. l-R.Siivmd, 
 
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 BADDOW CHURCH 
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 PLA N . ELEVAT I 0 N %. DETAILS 
 
 FAIRSTEO CHURCH, ESSEX 
 
 
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Plate. 6\ 
 
 
 
 ■.VJ I 
 
 )f- i 
 
 FURTHER DETAILS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PISCINA AND SEDILIA 
 
 FAIRSTED CHURCH 
 ESSEX, 
 
 Ji/mitsMid/ielcl3el. 
 
 Day i- Son Pv tko _Qicee7i. . 
 
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 vJi ■ 
 
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 w f ^ T 
 
 Scdlr oF Feel ,(: Inches. 
 
 / I'.ii. 
 
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plate 10. 
 
 
 C-HIPPING HILL rKURCH, WJTHAM. PS SEX 
 
 aBBl«r.k Iilliul" 
 
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 CHIPPING HILL CHURCH 
 
 WITHAM, ESSEX 
 
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 Tames ila.cl±iftL<'L 
 
 HILL CHURCH, 
 
 UITHAM, E'SSEL 
 
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 Scale cf /ncAes tv 2. 3 crjid A. 
 
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 Scale cf I'eet/ and Inches to Fig. I 
 
 n 9 e s 0 t 2 3 4 j 6 
 
 ELEVATION AND DETAILS OFA WINDOW 
 TOCEIHER WITH THE CAPITAL OF ALL THE -PILLARS OF 
 THE N AVE . 
 
 
 Jamas Hadfield, dd’ 
 
 CHIPPING HILL CHUPlCH, WlTIiAM, ESSEX 
 
J'XcuU 
 
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 7/^///y 
 
Ha.Ce.l0. 
 
 Scale Iv Wircd.ows . 
 
 I ^ ^ ^ I ^ ^ I d ^ J Srr ' 
 
 EAST & WEST WINDOWS 
 
 J OF THE NORTH AISLE OF DA NB U RY CHU RCH, 
 
 ESSEX, 
 
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 icoUe o/SnrJtes Lo .h'uS 61 'I 
 
 r. < /: f C Ct 1/i 'vt, ./> 
 
 DANBURY CHURCH 
 
 Sra/e of frel S' huhm fv !'uS l,S,S9 
 
 
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 James ffa/Ifzelxi old 
 
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 J(un4;,i Had! l e Let de l. 
 
 O f) H/<ie/i. l^tlu’ ii(! Slrruu/ 
 
Plate, 
 
 FIG. 1 . 
 
 F 1 C . IV 
 
 FIG. Ill 
 
 FIG. II . 
 
 DETAILS FROM WOODHAM FERRIS CHURCH, 
 ESSEX. 
 
 K- 2 . 3 ^ 
 
 2 a".. 
 
 locale ol'Pcrt and Incite.! to FufPH t). MO. 
 
 J.SadPtltL (Lth. 
 
 Scale vF Feet and Incke.s,and ','sFUiFIrtehe.s,tv Ft<jM.F.S.I. .j and 0. 
 
 Frvj FSnn. ill 'Fo l)u:lpx;f n . 
 
 
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 JaM€sEa3,fzeld I>eZ. 
 
 San li(k lho(^attK . 
 

Ma-teZd. 
 
 S. 
 
 V/INDOWS &c. WITH DETAILS FROM WHITE COLNE CHURCH, 
 
 ESSEX. 
 
 J',! 
 
 JoonesIIad-fid'l , :U.l. 
 
1 
 
Plaip 24. 
 
 Jfimts HnJ/iM, dc/' 
 
 HUTTON CHURCH, ESSEX 
 
 ( H. / Uufh Liffic hV. Strand 
 
FI ale. 25. 
 
'^m/f /'/ feefr am/ fa/i/fs. laru/ 
 
 .Jamn-JLi/iritJd. dd^ 
 
 (-//} Jilai Ji //di da S/ra/rd 
 
 
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 GREAT BENTLEY CHURCH, ESSEX. 
 
Plat*- 27. 
 
 
 
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 ■'"'ilili ll!.' 
 
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 11" 
 
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 'ill II 
 
 11 
 
 Jamrs I/adfiM DrJt 
 
 O./IJlItui /Mfi./il S/rand 
 
a* 
 
Pln/e. 28 
 
 FIG. I. 
 
 FRONT AND SIDE ELEVATIONS 
 OF THE 
 
 CROSS OF THE WEST CABLE OF THE SOUTH AISLE 
 
 o F 
 
 WEST BERGHOLT C H U RCH , E S S E X . 
 
 Ja nt'CS Pd 
 
 ( Si’f' '/o ihr fhnt// 
 
 Scale of Jack ea. 
 

Plate 29 
 
 ,W/4' r/ /fichrs te figs / f 
 
 - - ■' r r 
 
 r>Iaa\ Izthf^wpha lSlSfrand 
 
 Jamfs Ba/i/ifld. Drl 
 
 WEST BERGHOLT CHURCH, ESSEX 
 
FI ate - 30 . 
 
 WEST DOORWAY 
 
 Sea Jr rf Fret rmrJ h/rJirs (oFffjFJ.o and l\ 
 
 I Z 5 4-^67 S 9 lOjm 
 
 DdxtSort lilh /he Ourai 
 
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Thtic 33. 
 
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 f)nX H:,Sn7i . hlV^h>hc(hicm , 
 
Plalo 31^. 
 
 CHELMSFORD CHURCH, ESSEX. 
 
Tlcitz JS. 
 
 Scn/r d' J/nhes /a /. J.-/ 
 
 txrfHz z 
 
 Sadc of Fed »d// Jurhrs /v Fkj. F 
 
 2 3 4 
 
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 Di.x e . ?Mr 
 
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 Driv&Son 7it/Flr>//>r O(mn 
 
 
 PLAN OF THE OUTER ARCH MOULDINGS, 
 TOGETHER WITH THE BASE SHAFT & CAPITALS OFTHE 
 OUTER OPENING OF THE CHURCH PORCH, 
 
 CH ELMSFORD, ESSEX. 
 
 Scale oS Inch rs Go lav d 2 
 
 
 i< — 2 %....-^ 
 
 
 
 James HadVeM Dd . 
 
 
Hajf :’) 1 . 
 
 ■farms E/id/ifhl ddt 
 
 CHELMSFORD CHURCH, ESSEX. 
 
 (rJi.Illad kt/ifi U-P.dnn/fl 
 
Ylaie 38 . 
 
 CHELMSFORD CHURCH, ESSEX. 
 

 
Plate ;19. 
 
 Jamte fbd/if/d dd‘‘ 
 
 BJdl/iiJi Lidw M> . d/ufid 
 
T Late 40. 
 
 . Tames Jiff del . 
 
 Ja'jLSon hik''-'Uj 
 
r 
 
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 KojmAM ^ 
 
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 GS.BhcL lidw MPSh 
 
 SANDON CHURCH, ESSEX 
 

riat,<'4.3. 
 
 G-J^dihui. lull/’ HO. h'fra/u( . 
 
 Jcu/m' HadfiU/l dd' 
 
 SAINTDON CHURCH, ESSEX 
 
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Plate 45 
 
 Sc-a2e of JncJu-s tc Fiy •‘i and f. 
 
 1 5 6 1 s & w ti jh li 16 le /7 IS ' ;p ;<? v_ p ?. A 
 
 Janm HadJidd dd. 
 
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 Scad of Ff-et and 7/uJu'.'; ix> Fuj'^^ Z, S and S, 
 
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 FIG. 5 
 
 ELMSTEAD CHURCH 
 
I 
 
 
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n;ilr 46 
 
 DOORWAY AND BUTTRESS 
 
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f 
 
PlaJT' 47. 
 
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 Platt' 50. 
 
 Jamts Eiid/tdd, ie/t 
 
 d.BJilad hth' 2i0Stnird 
 
 EAST THORPE CHURCH , E SSEX, 
 

Hate 51. 
 
 EAST THORPE CHURCH, ESSEX 
 

PL'tfp ^2 
 
 
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 ALDHAM CHURCH, ESSEX 
 
Plate 53. 
 
 GREAT WALTHAM CHURCH, ESSEX. 
 
4 
 
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Pl;ite55. 
 
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 0:B.BUuk, lidi 141 Strojui, 
 
 ALL SAINTS’ CHURCH, MALDON. 
 
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Plate 58. 
 
 J.Dl\'yati:, del' 
 
 GJUJlfifl, Idlt/r rSh'and 
 
 BOCKING CHURCH. 
 
PLAN OF ARCH MOULDING 
 TO NAVE PIERS. ■§ 
 
 ■s§: 
 
 ELEVATION QFCAI 
 TO NAVE PI^RS 
 
 PtAN OF PIER /VO CHANCEL 
 
 PLAN OF RESPOND PIER atA 
 
 ELEVATION 
 
 PRESENT BR 
 
 CK FLOOR 
 
 Seal/; afJSet and' In/h/’j t/) flela/ls 
 
 HALF PLAN AND ELEVATIO 
 OF RESPOND PIER (A 
 
 AT SPRINCINC OF ARCH 
 
 GROUND PLAN « DETAILS 
 
 DETAIL OF TOWER ARCH 
 HALF PLAN OF JAMB. 
 BASE* ARCH MOULDINGS 
 
 Seal/ afJl'erJyan/I/ JruJie/it/iJ-'la/) 
 
 C/BMuUMh WStTvml 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 COGGESHALL CHURCH, ESSEX 
 
Tloae.GL. 
 
 </.!>. I'.yalt mais^ el / fcr ILdJieLdle E^^r.ey.. 
 

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ScdUhl^g^^ 1 drui 2 . 
 
 ■JPlate 62, 
 
Hate 63 
 
 J.Jj . WyaU- vicn^ f d dti 
 
 J.Tj L Son. Vxt thp.Qn. 
 
Pl^tx' 64. 
 
 ELEVATION, SECTION, PLAN, AND DETAILS 
 OF LOCKER AND PISCINA ON SOUTH SIDE OF NAVE 
 
 James EraMsld Drlt 
 
 TILTEY CHURCH, ESSEX 
 
 liih, JSO Strang 
 
 Scale of Iridm la Figs A J/.f 7 S Si 9 
 

 
 
 
 i'Oil 
 
Plate 65 . 
 
 n 
 
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 CASTLE HEDINGHAM 
 
 (’. /rth JfP, Sfrnfui 
 
riate t)B. 
 
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 S'ai/f f/ /'i£/ a/u/' f/uAcs to /'u/s A S. 6 a/uJ 7 . 
 
 SECTION AND DETAILS OF THE CASTLE 
 
 
 
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 CASTLE HEDINGHAM, ESSEX 
 
PI, UP 67. 
 
 ■ fa.m46 nhdfield ('.B.nidrl, A/7/ ///’ Sfiain^ 
 
 HEDINGHAM CASTLE, ESSEX. 
 
 WINDOW AND DETAILS 
 
 FIG. V. 
 
 FIG. VI 
 

Plate 68 . 
 
 cF JPe/b o7uF IvFhcs to Ings 1. Z a/irL J. 
 
 CftLLERY WINDOW AND DETAILS 
 
 '^raJc d hidus toJriq S. 
 
 
 
 G 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 dliJViirli, ii/ho J4C Ft rmd 
 
 CASTLE HEDINGHAM, ESSEX. 
 

 
 
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 am" 
 
 Fic. m. 
 
 CAPITAL, BASE, 
 
 AND DETAILS OF CT ARCH., 
 
 ./n/w.<: ff/i/ffuJd, DcJ'. 
 
 0. /' ! till I '/, ! Hh !U . . //>i//n 
 
 FI C. I . 
 
 STATE ROOM 
 
 FIC. VII. 
 
 CASTLE HEDIJSTGHAM. ESSEX 
 
CASTLE HEDINGHAM. 
 
V 
 
Hate 71 
 
 
 
 
 . '■'*’'?'S>’/U*' V ' 
 
 
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 F I cy 
 
 it^m 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 BASE, PLAN, CAPITALS &c. FIRE PLACE 
 
 1.2.3&4 
 
 GALLERY DOORWAY. 
 
 8 TO 12 FROM WILD BOAR INN 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 
 
 'ToISifefcT' 
 
 James Badfidd M 
 
 G-.BIUaxk, hduWStrarB. 
 
 CASTLE HEDINGHAM. ESSEX 
 
■W 
 
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 E3 3F. X.. 
 
 LWaltoii 1 1 ill 
 
1 
 
Scale to 2, 3 A 5.S6 
 
 Plate n . 
 
 ELEVATION AND DETAILS OF ENTRANCE DOORWAY. 
 
 del 
 
 AF) JHacl hell 14-V Slra/id.. 
 
 LITTLE LEIGH S PRIORY. ESSEX. 
 

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Flah 74 . 
 
 Scale oFFeet andJnch&s to Fig^^ 3.F. otlIS. 
 
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 SECTION & WINDOWS 
 
 BEELEIGH ABBEY. 
 
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 EXTERIOR ELEVATION 
 
 OF CHAPTER HOUSE, DOORWAY, & WINDOW 
 
 BEELEIGH ABBEY, 
 
 MALDON, ESSEX. 
 
 
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mte 76. 
 
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 BEELEICH ABBEY, MALDON, ESSEX 
 
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