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 mhOTnahfsmarhr or btotfyy lint I roaftchot 
 'uihofffatrth thifit BRyWB cooW 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2014 
 
 https://archive.org/details/regalecclesiastiOOstru_0 
 
THE 
 
 REGAL and ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 ANTIQUITIES 
 
 O F 
 
 ENGLAND: 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 The Reprefentations of all the£^"///^Monarchs ? 
 
 FROM 
 
 Edward the Confessor to Henry the Eighth \ 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 Many of the Great Persons that were eminent 
 under their feveral Reigns. 
 
 The Whole carefully collected from antient illuminated 
 
 MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 By JOSEPH S T R U T T. 
 
 LONDON: 
 Printed for WALTER SHROPSHIRE, (No. 158.) New-Bond-Street. 
 
 M.DCC.LXXVII. 
 
* ] 
 To the Reader. 
 
 9* ^ H E work now offered to the public will (the 
 author hopes) prove in fome meafure ufeful to 
 the artift, as well as plealing to the curious : — ufeful, 
 becaufc- thofe who have occafion to reprefent fcenes from 
 the Englifli hiftory, may find the drefs and character of 
 the ancient times ; — and plealing to the curious, becaufe 
 thefe pictures are the moft likely to contain the exact 
 reprefentation of the cuftoms and manners of the earlier 
 sera of our anceftors. 
 
 Hitherto our artilts have been extremely deficient irr 
 their delineations of the early hiftory. — The Saxons are 
 frequently drawn in the habit of the figures on the Trajan 
 and Antonine columns ; and the Normans are put into 
 the dreffes and armour worn in Edward the Fourth's time, 
 and indeed are often made ftill more modern. 
 
 It may be faid, perhaps, in the defence of the artift, 
 that models, fufficiently authentic for his purpofe, are very 
 much wanted. — Our monuments, and ltatues, are exceed- 
 ingly difficult to afcertain ; and, even of thefe, there are 
 few of any note, of earlier date than Henry the Seventh. 
 And our coins are [till of lefs ufe, being fo miferably 
 executed as fcarce to bear the refemblance of any thing. 
 —From thefe imperfect lights, it was not poffible for 
 artifts to come at the truth of antiquity, fo that they 
 were obliged to fupply from their own fancy whatever 
 they thought deficient ; by which means errors were 
 frequently made, even when corrections were intended. 
 
 From . 
 
[ & ] 
 
 From the itatues and bas-reliefs of the Greeks and 
 Romans, the character, drefs and cu Horns of thofe nations 
 are become perfectly clear and intelligible to us ; but with 
 refpect to the antiquities of this country the cafe is very 
 different, for there is fcarcely any one able to determine 
 the fort of habit worn in the time of Edward the Firft. 
 
 Nevertheless, though we cannot come at fuch com- 
 pleat and excellent remains of our earlier time as are left 
 by the Greeks and Romans, the author hopes that the 
 following work (which contains the moil antient national 
 materials that remain) will be thought capable of re- 
 moving, in a confiderable degree, the former obfcurity, 
 efpecially with refpect to fuch circumftances as the drefs 
 and peifonal appearance of our monarchs. 
 
 From Edward the ConfefTor, the feries is perfectly 
 compleat, and interfperied with various pafTages of 
 hiflory ; fo that it is not only a view of the kings of 
 England, but a reprefentation of part of their tranfac- 
 tions, and the portraits of many of the great and re- 
 markable perfonages living under their reign. — And the 
 authority is undoubted, (ince the illuminations were made 
 in, or foon after, the reign of each particular monarch. 
 
 As no work of this kind (viz, in a regular feries) has 
 been yet attempted in this kingdom, the author humbly 
 hopes that the indulgent public w-ill excufe whatever they 
 may find amifs or defective ; and he, on his part, begs 
 leave to affure them, that he has done, and will always 
 do, the utmoft in his power to render the work a perfect 
 copy of the valuable originals : and the more fo, as 
 many of the figures are undoubtedly actual portraits of 
 the kings, &>c. reprefented. 
 
t i 3 
 
 REGAL and ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 ANTIQUITIES, 
 
 A Description of the PLATES, 
 
 No. L 
 
 KING EDGAR. 
 
 THIS engraving is taken from a curious and antient illumination 
 found in a book of grants,* given by king Edgar bimfelf to Win- 
 chester Cathedral. It is dated A. D. 966, and is written entirely in 
 letters of gold, in the old Saxon character. 
 
 Edgar is here delineated as pioufly adoring our blefied Saviour, who ap- 
 pears above feated on a globe, to fhow his empire, and fupported by four 
 angels, emblems of the four gofpels j under his feet are two folding doors, 
 intended perhaps to reprefent the entrance into the bottomlefs pit, which is 
 fo placed to convey the idea of his triumph over Death and Hell ; in his 
 left hand he holds the book of judgment, which is to be opened in the laft 
 day. The figure on the right hand of the king, I fancy, may be done for 
 Cuthbert, the faint of Durham, whofe holy life is recorded by the venerable 
 Bede. The woman, not unlikely, is the famous Etheldrida, abbefs of Ely, 
 who, though fhe were twice married, yet lived and died a pure virgin. 
 
 We fhall not wonder at feeing Edgar, who was indeed a man of loofe 
 character, reprefented as a particular favorite of Chrift and the departed 
 faints, when we recollect that he did greater things for the clergy in genera), 
 and built more monafteries and religious houfes, than any of his predecef- 
 fors ; therefore the lean; which the monks of that day could do, was to pay 
 him this pleafing compliment. For the fame caufe may thofe two faints be 
 portrayed befide him, as being the molt famous for their holinefs, and love 
 
 * The firft fifteen plates of this collection are taken from the illuminations of 
 antient MSS. in the Cottonian library, at the Britifll Mufeum } and this book of 
 grants is mark'd Vefpafianus /V. VIII. 
 
 B of 
 
i REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 of a monaftic life, of any recorded in the Saxon annals. On the oppofite 
 page is written, in capital letters of gold, 
 
 sic celjo pe/mes soho qui contrbic Aycpa, 
 Rex venejians Ga^^aji pjionus atojiat; eum. 
 
 fC Thus fits that god alone, who made the heavens, whilft humbly Edgar 
 the king, pays his adoration." 
 
 As there has been extraordinary pains taken in the writing and ornaments 
 of this book, and as it was written (which appears by the date) in the very 
 time of Edgar, 'tis more than barely probable that this is not only an exacl 
 delineation of the habit of that monarch, but alfo (to the beftof the illu- 
 minator's power) a true portrait of him. 
 
 Becaufe fome of the purchafers may chufe to amufe themfelves in colour- 
 ing of the plates, the author has carefully defcribed the colours of the 
 original. — The garment of our Saviour is a dark blue, and the lighter robe 
 is gold, fo alfo is the oval he fits in, the book he holds, and the doors under 
 his feet. The angels are drefs'd in white, and the fhadowed part is gold, 
 as well on the habit as on the wings. The king's cloak is a dark blue, 
 edged with gold ; his coat a deepifh crimdbn, and his hofe a dark brown j 
 his book and crown are gold. The faints^ On each fide of him, are in blue, 
 and the lighter coloured part of their garments is gold, as well as the orna- 
 ments they hold, and the glory over their heads- 
 
 TEN 
 
A N T I QJU'I TIES OP ENGLAND. 
 
 3 
 
 TEN of the following plates are taken from a curious MS.* written in 
 the time of Edward the Firft, and illuminated with great care. The 
 author has written a fhort account in old French of each illumination, 
 under it, alternately in blue and gold letters. He has placed this fhorc 
 prelude over the firft illumination : 
 
 3Jcp ftmc leg IRorsi tie (Cnglcttje, td tcnss fcpnt cEtotoajDe It Confcflor 5 mU a( 
 tens It roy fltDtoaj&e fils l$zmy It ( 3Tpe?5» 
 
 " Here are [portrayed] the kings of England, from the time of faint 
 Edward the Confeflbr, to the time of king Edward, the fon of Henry the 
 Third." 
 
 No. II. 
 
 EDWARD the CONFESSOR. 
 
 "J" H E character of Edward the Confelfor is fufficiently known, and the title 
 of faint, which was given to him, rather for the protection of the clergy, 
 and his auftere conduct in the outward forms of religion, than his actual holi- 
 nefs ; for his behaviour as a king, as a hufband, and as a man, is often very 
 exceptionable; and the caufelefs ill-treatment of his virtuous queen, Edgitha* 
 who is here reprefented fitting at his right hand, is a conftant blot upon his 
 character. His only excufe is, that fhe was the daughter of Goodwin, 
 earl of Kent, a man who had rendered himfelf odious to the king. Yet 
 furely the innocent ought not to fuffer for "the guilty; but fuch was Edward's 
 difpofition, that what he did not dare to revenge upon the father, he re- 
 payed to the daughter. 
 
 The ftory here reprefented, is an event of a moft extraordinary nature. — ■ 
 Edward, with his queen and Goodwin, are at a banquet which the king 
 gave on Eafter day. Whilft they were at meat, the king accufed Goodwin 
 of being acceffary to the murder of his brother, which he pofitively denied, 
 folemnly wifhing that the morfel of meat which he then put into his mouth 
 might fuddenly ftrangle him, if he was not perfectly innocent. This 
 egregious untruth drew down upon him the juft judgment of God ; for in 
 attempting to fwallow the meat, he was really choaked, and fell down dead 
 rhat very inftant. 
 
 Vitellius. A XIII. 
 
 B 2 
 
 The 
 
4 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 The author gives this account of his picture: 
 
 »>epnt flCDtiiajDr, pat la gjate 2Deu, tatt U iom>De paifee al manger ; tegs vfi 
 Dojmans turner lur Dcftje cotte3 fur lur fenrftje cn g?e. (t at j'out (Boirtcpnt 
 Conte bc linn moutft a la table, entangle De un mojfcl. Sj^ult gjant mppcleg 
 fut Deu par lup cn fa bit e apiesi* 
 
 iLe .an Del tntaniatton nofoe fe>etgnttt M.LXVT. e De foen rcaume xxiiiu 
 fcebant fa nmt Debifa fepnt CcDtoajDc le reaumc De cEngeltcje a a&UlUam BaftajD? 
 foen nctiou a Dunke DuUt De jj^numDpe. cgpuigs mojuft Ccpt CDtoajDe, t oift 
 rnfejtet a tiBM&mftti 
 
 Which is in Englim as follows : 
 
 tc As faint Edward (by the grace of God) was fitting at meat on Eaftep 
 day, the Seven Sleepers turned from their right fide to the left of their own 
 accord. And that very day Goodwyne earl of Kent died at the table, 
 ftrangled by a morfel of meat. Many great miracles did God work by him 
 (that is king Edward) in his life-time and afterwards. . 
 
 " The year of the incarnation of our Lord 1066, and of his reign the 
 2.4th, king Edward, before his -death;- gave the kingdom of England to 
 "William the Baftard, his nephew, at that time duke of Normandy. After 
 this died faint Edward, and lies buried at Weftminfter." 
 
 The popular ftory of the Seven Sleepers is- often alluded to- in antient 
 books, but fo imperfectly, that all which I can gather concerning them is, 
 that they were feven travellers, who being weary, laid themfelves down in a 
 cave to fleep, and by fome Supernatural means they continued fleeping for 
 an amazing fpace of time. 
 
 The ten illuminations copied from this MS. are very fimple in point of- 
 colouring., being fcarcely more than three, or four colours at moft. All the- 
 garments ate either dark, or light browns ■, the crowns, fceptres, and other- 
 ornaments, are gold j the faces, linen, and infide of the cloaks, are ex- 
 preffed by the vellum itfelf, flightly lhaded, .and left clear for the lights.. 
 The light back grounds are gold ; and the dark ones blue, with gold ftars 4 
 
 No. III. 
 
 > 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 s 
 
 i 
 
 No. Ill, 
 
 HAROLD and WILLIAM the CONQUEROR. 
 
 AFTER the death of Edward, Harold, notwithstanding his oath and 
 engagements to be affifting in placirfg the duke of Normandy on the 
 throne, caufed himfelf to be crowned king. But he did not long enjoy the 
 fruits of his perjury; for William, hearing of the death of the Confefibr, 
 came over into England with a great army, and landed at Haftings, where 
 he was met by Harold, and a bloody battle enfued. But the end proved un- 
 fortunate to Harold and his party ; for he being (lain by an arrow which 
 ftruck him in the eye, the field was loft, and the Englifh were put to 
 flight. 
 
 The prefent plate reprefents that fatal aflion.' On the right we fee the 
 Conqueror mounted on his horfe, trapped with his arms ; whilft, on the 
 other fide, the unfortunate Harold is- falling from his horfe, having juft 
 received his death's wound. The illuminator, who lived in the reign of 
 Edward the Firft, has not attended to the drefs and cuffoms of the times 
 which he means, to reprefent ; for the armour, crofs bows, banners, &c. 
 which are delineated in this piece, were ufed in the £era in which he lived, 
 but not at the time of the Conqueft. 
 
 This important battle was fought about nine miles from Haftings, in. • 
 SufTex, upon the 14th day of October, being Saturday, the year of our 
 Lord 1066. 
 
 Take the following homely verfes from Stow, on this occafion : 
 
 A thoufand fix and fixty years 
 
 It was, as we do read, 
 When that a comet did appear, 
 
 And Englifhmert lay dead ; 
 Of Normandy duke William then 
 
 To England ward did fail, 
 Who conquered Harold with his men. 
 
 And brought the land to bayle. • 
 
 Under 
 
6 
 
 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 Under Harold is written, 
 
 3pU3 Ccpnt (Eutoatfic regna %a?alfi, te 63 (tfofcctopn eotint tie Kent. $1 for$ ta 
 tojt ix g^ops. SDttnfte tomit ftM. I3affa?i!e f e U tol^ff la bpc, e U rcgne, st 
 tonciuitt la teje.~- ^a?alDe gift a ®3altl;ame. 
 
 Which may be thus tranflated : 
 
 " After faint Edward reigned Harold, the fon of Goodwyn earl of Kent, 
 for the fpace A nine months, when William theBaftard came [into England] 
 and deprived him at once of his life and the kingdom, and conquered the 
 
 ud. Harold lies [buried] at Waltham." 
 
 Under William is written, 
 
 $uijs regna ©Hill. BaffajDc xx an. puig mojuft, c giff a l&ame cn 0Q?mttnt>pe. 
 
 w After him reigned William the Baftard twenty years, when he died, 
 and lies [buried] at Caen in Normandy." 
 
 This illumination is found in the fame MS. with the former No, II. and 
 the colours are there defcribed. 
 
 No. IV. 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 1 
 
 No. IV. 
 
 WILLIAM RUFUS. 
 
 WILLIAM RUFUS, was the fecond Ton of the Conqueror. The illu- 
 minator has here reprefented him in his robes of ftate. 
 
 Under this king is written, 
 
 3p?c0 afllill. jBaffaju itcna Mil!. le Kous fun 65* 31 ftift k?cre cn la 
 jfrofcclc jfojcft. |Btiis mojuft, egitt a iLtlpncclljc. 31 Gft fcje la gianDe fale tie 
 SKHcffmuftcr, e regna xii aun$. 
 
 " After William the Baftard reigned William Rufus [or the Red] his fon. 
 He was flain in the New Foreft. Being dead, he was buried at Wincheften 
 He caufed the great hall of Weftminfter to be made, and reigned twelve 
 years." 
 
 King William (fays Stow) on the morrowe after Lammas daye, hunting 
 in the New Forreft of Hamplhire, in a place called Chorengham, where 
 fince a chapel was builded, Sir Walter Tirell fliooting at a deer, unawares 
 hit the king in the bread, that he fell downe ftark dead, and never fpake 
 word more. His men (efpecially that knight who had wounded him) gat 
 away ; but fome came back again, and laid his body upon a colliar's cart, 
 which one feelie leane beafte did drawe unto the city of Winchefter, where 
 he was buried on the morrow after his death. At whofe burial men could 
 not weep for joy. 
 
 Before we conclude with this prince, we will fet before the reader the 
 following anecdote concerning him, as given by the old poetic hiftorian 
 Robert of Glocefter, which plainly denotes his prkle. The verfes, diverted 
 of their obfolete orthography, run as follows : 
 
 As his chamberlein hirrrbrought as he arofe one day, 
 
 The morrow for to wear, a pair of hofe of fey. 
 
 He afk'd what they coft him. Three millings, the other fald, 
 
 Fy a dibles ! quoth the king. Who fays fo vile a deed ? 
 
 A king wear any cloth, but what fhould coft much more j 
 
 Buy a pair of a mark, or you mall rue it fore 1 
 
 A 
 
I KEGH AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 A worfe pair full enough the other fith him brought, 
 And faid they coft a mark, and therefore fo were bought, 
 A be! amy, quoth the king, thefe are now well bought j 
 Jn this manner ferve thou me, or thou malt ferve me not. 
 
 This plate is from the fame MS, with the former, and coloured as 
 defcribed page 4, 
 
 No. V. 
 
ANTIQUITIES Of ENGLAND. 9 
 
 No. V. 
 
 HENRY the FIRST, 
 
 JS alfo drawn in his robes of ftate, and of him the author fays, 
 
 8p?c£i OTiU, le Eotus, regna la pjtmct ^en?p, fun fjtje, xxxv. aims. 31 fit 
 icsi bones lapis tie <£nglctcr, fi Us tncjjajtcja. 511 gift a rflbbape &e ftcUpncetf. 
 — coys leta fcpnt 'QTJjomau tic tcjc, c le mpff Detaunt le l;aut airier* 
 
 " After William Rufus, reigned the firft Henry, his brother, thirty-five 
 years. He made the good laws of England, which he caufed to be enrolled, 
 He lies buried at the Abbey of Reading.-— His body was taken from the 
 earth, by faint Thomas, and placed before the high altar." 
 
 Henry the Firft was firnamed Beauclerc. This appellation was beflowed 
 upon him for his learning (which was very uncommon in thofe days, except 
 amongft the clergy). This prince mounted the throne the fecond day of 
 Auguft 1 1 00, and was much beloved by his people. He made (according 
 to the French author) the good laws of England j but the truth is, he abo- 
 lilhed the hard and rigorous ftatutes, which had been eftablifhed by his 
 father and brother, and reftored thofe by much more equal, and fuited to 
 the tempers of the people, which were in force in the days of the Confeflbr. 
 
 The worft action of Henry, was the cruel treatment of his brother 
 Robert ; for he not only caufed him to be clofely kept in prifon, but, 
 becaufe he attempted to efcape, deprived him of his eye-fight.— As the 
 circumftances concerning the death of this Robert are rather extraordinary, 
 they are here fet down, as related by Holingfhed, 
 
 " It is fayde that on a feftival day king Henrie put on a robe of fcarlet, 
 the cape whereof being ftrayte, hee rente it in ftryving to put it over hys 
 headej and perceyving it would not ferve him, he layd it afide, and fayde, 
 Let my brother Robert have this garment, who hath a iharper head than I 
 have. The which, when it was brought to duke Robert, the rent place 
 being not fewed up, he difcovered it, and afked whether any man had 
 worne it before. The mefTenger tolde the whole matter, how it happened. 
 Herewith duke Robert tooke fuch a griefe for the fcornefull mocke of his 
 
 C 'brother, 
 
jo REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 brother, that he waxed wearie of his life, and fayde, Nowe I perceyve li 
 have lived too long, that my brother lhall clothe me like his almes-man, 
 with his cart rent garments. And thus curfing the time of his nativity, 
 refufed from thenceforth to eate or drinke, and fo pined away, and was 
 buryed at Gloucefter." * 
 
 This plate is from the fame MS. and coloured as the former. 
 
 * Holing. Chron. Vol. 2, fol. 363* 
 
 No. VI. 
 
ANT1QJJITIES OF ENGLAND, 
 
 11 
 
 No. VI. 
 
 STEPHEN. 
 
 THIS king is here reprefented in the common robes ufually worn by 
 the nobility, and not in the robes of ftate. On his finger he carries a 
 hawk ; an emblem of his being nobly born, tho' not the immediate fon of 
 a king.— He was third fon to Stephen earl of JBlois, by Alice, fourth 
 'daughter of the Conqueror. 
 
 Of this prince the French author fays, 
 
 $cnjp, tcgna dCfteben, fon neoou 3 xix anjt, t mnjuff. <£ gpff a 
 jfabE?fljam. 
 
 After Henry, reigned Stephen, his nephew, 1 9 years, and died He lies 
 [buried] at Feverfliam. 
 
 Stephen (fays Stow) was a man of parting comely features and perfonage; 
 he alfo excelled in martial policy, gentlenefs and liberality towards all 
 men ; and though his reign was difturbed by continual wars, yet did he 
 never burden his commons with any heavy exactions : fo that he only 
 wanted a juft title to the crown, to fecure him the character of an excellent 
 and worthy king. 
 
 His wars were chiefly againft Matilda, the daughter of the deceafed kino- 
 Henry. She was married to the emperor Heniy the Fourth, whom fhe 
 furvived, and after the death of her father came over into England, and 
 being a woman of great courage, afTerted boldly her right to the crown 
 againft Stephen, who, contrary to a folemn oath which he had taken, had 
 ^fcended the throne himfelf. 
 
 The caprice of the people prevailed upon them to abandon Stephen, 
 and attend to the caufe of the injured Matilda; fo that he loft a decifive 
 battle, and was taken prifoner. But Matilda foon after difcovered a tyran- 
 nical difpofition, which was difpleafing to the nobility; wherefore, refcuin» 
 Stephen from his confinement, they reinftated him in the throne, and 
 Matilda, in her turn, experienced the fudden change of inconftant fortune. 
 Flying from the forces of Stephen, fhe was driven to fuch ftraits, that, 
 to prevent her being difcovered, fhe was conveyed through Glocefter in a 
 litter, like a dead corpfej and after fhutting herfelf up in the caftle of 
 
 C 2 Oxford, 
 
12 
 
 REGAL AND ECGtESIASTK A;L 
 
 Oxford, which was girt round with a clofe fiege by her enemies, her dan- 
 gerous fituation caufed her to put the following extraordinary fcheme in 
 execution, in order to effect her efcape:— It being mid-winter, and the 
 ground covered with fhow, me habited herfelf and fome few attendants in 
 white garments, and in the middle of the night fled filently out of an 
 obfcure poftern, me paffed unfeen by her enemies ; and doffing the 
 Thames, purfued her journey on foot to. Wallingford, and from thence 
 fome time after departed into Normandy. 
 
 His next troubles arofe from Henry, the fon of Matilda ; but, after fome - 
 difcord, the matter was amicably fettled, and Henry ordained, to inherit the 
 crown, upon the death of Stephen. 
 
 No. VII, 
 
ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. VIL 
 
 HENRY the SECOND. 
 
 HERE we have exhibited king Henry the Second in his coronation habit, 
 The author thus writes of him : 
 
 flpzcss cEtfefotn, regnale fccanD l£cn?p. 63 tic la fdjout CmpcUfce; te qutk 
 ![3cn?p \oit cflopt Dufee DC jpozmtmtiye. <£n fun temg fit fepnte 'QTftomas ma?= 
 t^tse. c vcgna xxvi 011 xxxv aunj* puis mojuft, t gift a fount dftajD. 
 
 M After Stephen, reigned the fecond Henry, • fon of the emprefs ; which 
 Henry was duke of Normandy. In his time was faint Thomas mar- 
 tyred. He reigned 26 or 35 years. After dying, he was buried at Front 
 Euard." 
 
 According to the agreement made between Stephen and prince Henry,, 
 the fon of Matilda the emprefs, after the death of the former, Henry came 
 into England, and was accordingly crowned king of England. 
 
 One of the moft remarkable anecdotes relative to this king, is his love to 
 Rofamunda, the fair daughter of Walter lord Clifford ; for whom (fays Stow) 
 he made a houfe of wonderful working, fo that no perfon could come to 
 her, unlefs he were inftrucled by the king, or fuch as were acquainted with 
 the fecret.- This houfe, , after feen, was named Labyrinthus, or Dedalus 
 Work, which was thought to be conftructed like unto a knot in a garden 
 called a maze. . It is faid that the queen, her profeffed enemy, gained ad- 
 mifiion by a clue of thread or filk, and either by poifon, or fome other fatal 
 method, caufed her death. Henry was greatly affected with her lofs, and 
 caufed her to be honourably interred at Godftow, near Oxford, in a houfe 
 of nuns, and thefe verfes were put upon her tomb : 
 
 Hie jacet in tumba, Rofa Mundi, non rofa munda 
 Non redolet, fed olet, qiue redolere folet. 
 
 Which 
 
f4 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 Which we find in Fabian thus tranflated, or rather paraphrafed i 
 
 The rofe of the world, but not the cleane flowre^ 
 Is now here graven, to whom beaute was lent. 
 
 In this grave full darke now is her bowre, 
 That by her life was fweete and rodolent, 
 But now that fhe is from this life bent, 
 
 Though lhe were fweete, now foully doth ftie ftinke j 
 
 A mirrour good for all men that on her thinke. 
 
 There is yet to be feen at Godftow, the chapel where k is faid that lhe 
 was buried ; and thefe verfes are wrote upon the wall in the infide of the 
 lame. 
 
 This illumination is taken alfo from the fame MS. as the former^ and is 
 coloured in like manner. 
 
 No. VIII. 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF EKGLANp, 
 
 No. VIII.* 
 
 HENRY the SECOND and THOMAS BECKET. 
 
 THIS illumination reprefents one of the molt important paffages of 
 Henry's life,— the diipute between him and the proud prelate Thomas 
 Becket, archbifhop of Canterbury. The king, in his royal robes, is feated 
 on his throne, and furrounded by his guard; before him Hands Becket,.. 
 attired in his pontifical habit, holding the crofs in his hand. The arrogance 
 of Becket is well expreffed in this little delineation, as well in his face, as 
 tiis attitudej as is aifo the anger of the king. 
 
 The whole circumftance at large is as follows: 
 
 Whilft the diipute ran high between the king and Becket, " divers accu- 
 fations (fays Speed) were laid againft him, as of contempt towards the king, 
 in denying to come into his prefence, Jbeing thereto commanded by him, and 
 many other matters ; whereto though he made excufes (reafonable enough, 
 if true) yet the peers and bifhops condemned all his moveables to the king's 
 mercy : and the prelates, perceiving the king's*, difpleafure to tend yet to 
 fome farther feverity, premonifhed him to fubmit himfelf, for that other- 
 wife the king's court intended to adjudge him a perjured perfon, and alio a 
 traytor, for not yielding temporal allegiance to his temporal fovereign, as 
 himfelf had fworn to do;, and accordingly the prelates themfelves, by joint 
 eonfent, adjudged? him of perjury, and by the mouth of the bifhop of Chi- 
 chefter,. difclaimed thenceforward all obedience unto him as their arch- 
 bifhop* The next day, whilft the bifhops and peers were confulting of fome 
 further courfe with him,. Becket, not as yet. daunted, caufed to be fung 
 before him at the altar this pfalm : 
 
 u The princes fit and fpeak againft me, and the ungodly perfecute me, &c." 
 
 * This is from Claudius, D. 2. a MS. in the Cotton library. In the MS. there 
 is a duplicate of this illumination ; the fubject is exactly the fame ; and the only diffe- 
 rence is in the figure behind Becket, who bears his ("word on his fhoulder, inilead of 
 holding it in his hand. — The variation being fo trivial, and the point of time and per- 
 sons juft the fame, I by no means thought it neceffary to engrave more than one of 
 thefe pictures. 
 
 And 
 
X 6 REG A-L AND E C C h E S I A $ T.I C At 
 
 And forthwith taking hlsiUver crofs in his own hands ("a thing ftrange and 
 unheard-of before) enters armed therewith into the king's prefence, though 
 earneftly diffuaded by aU that wiftied him well Wherewith the king en» 
 raged, commanded his peers to fit in judgment on him, as on a traytor and 
 perjured perfon i and accordingly they adjudged him to be apprehended and 
 caft into prifon. The earls of Cornwall and Leicefter, who fat as judges, 
 citing him forthwith to hear hi? feptenee pronounced, he immediately ap- 
 pealed to the See of Rome, as holding the^ no judges competent; where- 
 upon ail reviling him with the name of trayt or and the like, he replied* that, 
 were it not for his function, he would enter the duel or combat with them in 
 the field, to acquit himfelf both of treafon and perjury. This laid, he --left 
 the court, and went without delay into Flanders, difguifed, under the name 
 Dereman," 
 
 Qver this illumination, in the original, is written this verfe; 
 
 %iumig, natus .^atflate, SRcpa tenebat. 
 pub quo fcwtfug gliomas muqtmt capiat* 
 
 « Henry, born of Matilda, held the kingdom. In whofe reign faint 
 Thomas was flain with the fword," 
 
 The king's robe is blue, lined -with light red; his under garment is a 
 deep reds the robe of Becket is a light pink, the darker colour under it is 
 n deep red, and under that is linen j the firft foldier is in blue, and his 
 fword b red $ the other is a light red j and their armours are a kind of Jight 
 jead colour, with a gold back ground, 
 
 No. IX. 
 
 V 
 
ANTIQJUITI.ES OF ENGLAND, 
 
 No. IX. 
 
 The MUHDER of THOMAS BECKET. 
 
 THE arrogance of Becket, however, coft him his life; for Henry was 
 was at laft fo highly provoked at his proceeding, that he let fall fome 
 words, publicly, which (hewed his difcontent that he was ftill living to 
 offend him. Thefe fpeeches being over-heard by four knights, named Sir 
 Hugh Moreville, Sir William Tracy, Sir Richard Britaigne, and Sir Reginald 
 Fitz Urfe, they fet out with a determination to put an end to his life. — 
 The manner of his death is thus related by Hollingihed : 
 
 <c At lengthe the knights, with their fervauntes, having fought the 
 palace, came rufhing into the churche by the cloyfter dore, with their 
 fwordes drawen, fome of them alkynge for the traytor, and fome of them 
 for the archbyfhoppe, who came and mctte them, faying, Here am I, no 
 traytor, but the archebyfhoppe. The formoft of the knightes fayde unto 
 him, Flee ! thou art but deade. To whome the archbifhop faide, I will, 
 not flee. The knight ftepte to hym, taking him by the fleeve, and with 
 his fworde caft his cappe befides hys heade, and fayde, Come hither, for 
 thou art a prifoner. I will not, fayde the archebifhope ; doe with me here 
 what thou wilt ; and plucked his fleeve with a mighty ftrength out of the 
 knight's hand, wherewith the knight ftepped back two or three paces. Then 
 the archebifhope, turning to one of the knights, fayde unto him, What 
 meanethe this, Reygnolde ? I have done unto thee many hygh pleafures, 
 and comeft thou now unto me into the church armed ! Unto whom the 
 knyght anfwer'd and fayde, Thou fhalt know anone what is ment : thou art 
 but deade : it is not poflyble for the to longer live. Unto whom the arch- 
 bifhoppe fayde, And I am redy to dye for my God, and for the defence of 
 Jus juftice and the lybertye of the churche : gladdely do I imbrace death, fo 
 that the churche may purchace peace and lybertye in the fhedding of my 
 bloode. And herewith takyng on other of the knights by the habergeon, he 
 floung him from him with fuch violence, that he hadde almofte throwne 
 him downe to the grounde. Thys was Syr Wylliam Tracye, as he him- 
 felfe did after confefle. After this the archbifhoppe inclyned his heade after 
 the manner of one that flioulde pray, pronouncing thefe his lafte wordes : 
 Unto God and to faint Marye, and to the faintes that are patrons of this 
 churche, and to faint Denife, I commende my felfe and the churches caufe. 
 — Therewyth Sir Reignalde Fytze Urfe ftrykynge a full blowe at his heade, 
 chaunced to light upon the arme of a clerke named Edwarde of Cambridge, 
 
 D who 
 
i8 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 who cafte up hys arme to fave the archbyfhoppe ; but when he was not able 
 to beare the weight of the blowe, he plucked his arme backe, and fo the 
 ftroke flayed upon the archbylhoppe's head, in fuch wyfe that the bloude 
 ran downe hys face : and then they ftroke at hym one after another, and 
 thoughe he fell to the grounde at the feconde blow, they left hym not till 
 they had cutte and tourned out his braines, and ftrowed them about jthe 
 churche pavement; v/hich done, they went to the ryfling of his houfe, 
 fpoyled all his goods, and tooke them to their own ufes, fuppofing it law- 
 full for them fo to doe, being the kinges fervauntes." 
 
 The original of this plate is a frontifpiece to the Life of Becket. The 
 book is very old, and was moft probably written foon after his death.* 
 
 The robe of the archbifhop is blue, with a red crofs and lining; the 
 6 ottom, being linen, is white. The man with the fword is in a light pink^ 
 lined with white ; his fleeves are black, and the cap on his head is red : the 
 other man is in green, with red ftockings. The front of the altar-piece is 
 blue, the curtains are green, both ornamented with gold flowers ; and the 
 back ground is blue and gold fquares. 
 
 * See the Cottonian Catalogue, in which the author is faid to. have been either 
 William Fitz Stephen or John Carnotenfem, This MS. contains feveral other 
 Tta&Si and is marked Julius A XI« 
 
 No.X. 
 
ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND, 
 
 No. X. 
 RICHARD the FIRST. 
 
 THE illuminator has here given us two portraits of this valiant prince; 
 and the hiftory relative to them he has written underneath as follows : 
 
 3p?c0 t&cn?p le fcrufiD, reana Kid^D fun 65, x. aun5 t temp. 31 tnjcpap* 
 rant) tic la tcje frpnr, fnift pji<5 Del uufce De £)(t?is, par ep Del Eop ftyylippc De 
 jftaunce. (£ juft mmt tjcns* oc pjifou put cent ni\\ Ufttje? De a^ctn ; e pur ccl 
 rauncitn, fluent kg (Dbalij De (fnglcteje pjte Des €gl?fe0 t bcnlJii?. — puis full 
 t)tt De un qttajcl De Sibaft al Chalicl re CI;al£3itn, Dtint cede bejsi ftt fct; 
 
 Cljjittf 9 tui Caltcisi pjeeDo St pjacDa Cahiris?. 
 
 ff After Henry the Second, reigned Richard his fon, ten years and a half. 
 As he returned from the Holy Land, he was taken by the duke of Auflrich, 
 aided by king Philip of France. Fie was delivered out of prifon for the 
 [fum of] one hundred thoufand pounds of filver ; and for the payment of 
 this ranfom the chalifles were taken from the churches in England, and fold. 
 — After, he was (lain by an arrow from a crofs-bow at the caftie of Chalezun, 
 whence this verfe was made : 
 
 " Chrift, thy cup is made the prey of the robbers." 
 
 The circumftances of Richard's imprifonment are thus fet down by 
 Holingfhed : 
 
 <c King Richard having concluded with Saladine, tooke the fea, and 
 comming againe into Cypres, fent his wife, queen Berengaria, with his 
 fitter Joan, late queen of Sicell, into Englande, by the long feas ; but him- 
 felf not minding to lye long upon the feas, determined to take his courfe 
 into Grecia, and fo by land pafTe homewardes with all fpeed poffible. How- 
 beit, ere he could attain his purpofe, his chanunce was to be dryven by 
 tempefl upon the coaft of Iftria, not far from Aquilea, where he flood in 
 feme doubt of his life ; for if hee had been knowne and taken, they would 
 furely have kylled him. He therefore made the befl fhift he could to get 
 away, which with fome difficulty he did ; and finally, comming to Vien in 
 Oflriche, and there caufing his fervants to provide meate for him, more 
 fumptuous and fine than was thought neceflary for fo mean a perfon as he 
 
 D 2 counterfeyted 
 
REGAL AND .ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 counterfeyted then to bear the countenaunce of, it was fufpe6led that he was. 
 fome other fort of man than what ;he fhewed himfelf to be ; and in fine, 
 thofe that marked more diligently the manner of him, perceived what he 
 was, and gave knowledge to the duke of Auftrich, named Leopolde, being 
 then in the citye of Vienna, what they had feene. His page that had the 
 Teutch tongue, goyng aboute the towne to channge golde and buye victuals, 
 bewrayed him, having by chaunce the king's gloves under his girdle; 
 whereupon comming to be examined, for fear of tortures, he confefTed the 
 truth. The duke ftreight wayes caufed the houfe where the kynge lodged 
 to be fett about with armed mene, and fente other into the houfe to appre- 
 hende him. The kyng, being ware that he was difcried, gotte himfelf to 
 his weapon ; but they advifmg him to be contented, and alledging the 
 duke's commaundement, hee boldly anfwered, that fithe he mult be taken, 
 he being a king, woulde yeeld himfelfe to none of die companie but to the 
 duke himfelfe, and therefore if it woulde pleafe him to come, he woulde 
 yeelde himfelfe into his handes. The duke hearing of this, fpeedily came 
 unto hym, whom he meeting, delivered his fworde, and committed him 
 unto his- cuftodie. — The duke rejoycing of fuch a prey, brought him unto 
 his palace, and with gentle wordes enterteyned him, thoughe hee ment no 
 greate good towards him,, as well ynoughe appeared in that he committed 
 to the keeping of certayne gentlemen, which wythout muche curtefie 
 looked ftreightly ynough to him for ftarting awaye, infomuch that they 
 kept hym in colde irons, as fome authors do wryte. — He was taken, as is 
 above defcribed, in December, upon St. Thomas's even, the yeare of our 
 Lord 1 1 92, the fourth of his own reign." 
 
 The fecond part of the picture reprefents the death of this monarch, 
 that was occasioned by a wound in the moulder which he received whilft 
 he was befieging a town called Chaluz ;- for in the year of our Lord 1 1 93, 
 the 26th of March, whilft king Richard,, together with captain Marchades > . 
 went unadvifedly to view the town, the better to confider the place, a crofs- 
 bow man fhot at the king, who hearing a bow fliot off, ftoop'd down to 
 avoid the blow, and the arrow ftruck him in the moulder ; and his wound 
 being unfkilfully handled by the furgeon who attended him, he died 
 under his hands foon after. The name of this archer was Bertram de Gui don^ 
 who being afterwards brought to the king, he pardoned him, and alfo 
 ordered one hundred millings to be given to him; but when the king was 
 dead, Marchades caufed him to be firft flead alive, and then hanged. 
 
 This is from the fame MS. as No, II.. and coloured as there defcribed. 
 
 No. XI. 
 
ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. n 
 
 No. XI, 
 
 JOHN, 
 
 IN his robes of ftate, receiving a cup (fuppofed to contain poifon) irom a 
 monk. Under him is this writing : 
 
 Ctpjesi &{c!;ait», regna 3ton fan fjeje en ftp trnjs (Tngletcjc fttitt tnUeopt vi 
 ami5, e iii qttajtctf, c i mop?, par la pape innocent, put mclUe <£ffe en fee 
 2Lan&enton, fcc la Kop tie Ijout receptee a flhcefccfcc De ikatmtejbpjs. &i ttfopt 
 twnfee le ejjaut giteje ent?e Ip e leg JBajon* nojjapjj : ount tocent &tt JLotopg, 65 
 Ic IRop pi;pltppe ne Jftaunce, en d£ngUte?e. %t Eop 3on renina xvii aun3 c 
 Um\\ puis feecnt a ^DpneQjetcDe, e full cmpoyfone par une fteje te la meton, 
 fi come fu Dit j e le mojut a jpeUJejke, e fun co?e fuff cnteje a ft&j^ccffje* 
 
 " After Richard, reigned John his brother ; in whofe time England was 
 excommunicated [the fpace of] fix years, three quarters, and one month, 
 by Pope Innocant, in the caufe of mailer Stephen Langeton, whom the 
 king would not receive as archbifhop of Canterbury. Then was the great 
 war between him [the king] and the barons : then alfo came Sir Lewis, the 
 fon of Philip king of France, into England. — King John reigned feventeen 
 years and a half, when coming to Swindled, he was poifoned by a brother 
 of that houfe, as it was reported ; and he died at Newark, and his body was 
 buried at Worcefter." 
 
 Thus far our French author, who wrote in the reign of Edward theFirft : 
 and at that time we find the ftory of the poifoning of king John was believed 
 indeed, but only confirmed by popular report. However, the ftory itfelf 
 is fet down more at. large in Grafton (copied from Caxton's book intituled . 
 Fruclus Temporum, and the Polychronicon) as. follows : 
 
 " In the felf-fame yere [viz. 121 5] king John came to Swineftede abbey, 
 not farre from Lyncolne ; he refted there two dayes, where he was mofl 
 trayteroufly poyfoned by a monke of the fame abbey, being of the order of 
 St. Barnard, called Simon Swynefted. This monke hearyng the king upon 
 an occ2(ion to talke of breade, and fay, that if he lived a yere longer he 
 would make that lofe of breade, beyng then of the value of one halfepeny, 
 woorth twelve pence ; meayning that he woulde fo perfecute his rebellious 
 
 people. 
 
it REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 j>eople, that he would not leave one of them to be the owner of a plough. 
 The monke hearyng the king thus fpeake, conceived a bad opinion of him, 
 and goyng forthwith to his abbot, fhewed him the whole matter, and what 
 he was mynded to do. He alleged for himfelfe the prophecie of Cayphas, 
 faiyng, It is better that one man dye, then all the people fhould perifhe. 
 1 am well content, fayth he, to die and to become a martyr, fo that I may 
 utterly deftroy this tyrant. With that the abbot wept for gladnefs, and 
 much commended his fervent zeale, as he took it. — The monke beyng then 
 abfolved by his abbot, before-hand, for the doing of this a£t, went fecretly 
 into the gardeyne upon the backefyde of the abbey, and findynge there a 
 moit venemous toade, he fo pricked him and prefled him with his penne 
 knyfe, that he made him vomit all the poifon that was within him. This 
 done, he conveyed it into a cup of wine, and with a fmyling countenance 
 brought it to the kynge, faying, " If it mall lyke your princely majeftie, 
 here is a cup of fuch excellent wine as ye never dranke before in all your 
 life-time. The kynge than bid him drink firft, which he chearfully did a 
 large draught ; and the kynge alfo drank of the wine. — The monk anone 
 after went to the farmory, and there died, his bowels burfting from his 
 t>elly ; and he had continually from thence three monkes to fing maffes for 
 his foule, confirmed by their general chapter.— -The king within fhorte 
 ipace after feeling great griefe in hys body, afked for Simon the monke, 
 and aunfwere was made, that he was departed this lyfe: Then God have 
 mercy upon me ! (faid the king) I fufpecled as muche. — With that he com- 
 maunded his chariot to be brought, for he was not able to ride on horfe- 
 back ; fo he went from thence to Slaford caftell, and from thence again to 
 Newarke upon Trent, where in lefs than three days he died, and was ho- 
 nourably buried at Worcefter, with all his armed men attendyng upon his 
 buryall." 
 
 This is from the fame MS. and coloured in the fame manner as the 
 tbrmer. 
 
 No. XII 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. XI I*. 
 
 HENRY the THIRD. 
 
 TH E coronation of Heniy the Third. The king is reprefented as hold- 
 ing in his hand a model of Weftminfter Abbey,* which he enlarged, - 
 laying the firft (lone himfelf ; and caufed to be there erected the magnificent 
 monument of Edward the ConfefTor. It was very common with the old 
 illuminators, to make the principal figure holding a model of die abbey, or 
 monaftery, they were benefactors to. This prince was crowned the 28th of 
 October, by Peter bifhop of Winchefter, and Joceline bifhop of Bath. 
 
 The author gives this hiftory of him: 
 
 3pic£f 3Don regno $tnjp It ■flTe?}, fttn 65, 56 aim?; fc fnfff He ix aunj Be a$z 
 quant lafl eojonc (fc cn fan tens fttff la bataplle oe (Etot fljamr, on fuff otcpsi tyr 
 &pmunD Dt aj&tmfojt, efunfi?^en?p$ t tyjt ^ugfc It SDefpcnfcr, etnttfffia* 
 ronfe DtjJ Cljttoaltjsi r>c <0iisletejc. — ?©ttisf mojuft c j>l ^enjp It Hop, t gift a? 
 2flieftmuttcv. 
 
 " After John, reigned Henry the Third, his fon, 56 years j and he was 
 but nine years of age when he was crowned. In his time was the battle of 
 Evefham, where was flain Sir Simon de Mountfort, and his fon Henry ; and 
 Sir Hugh le Defpenfer, and many barons and knights of England.-— After 
 died this Henry the king, and lies [buried] at Weftminfter." 
 
 This dreadful battle between the barons and Edward prince of Wales, fon. 
 of Henry the Third, is thus more fully defcribed by Holingfhed : 
 
 " The laft day of July, A. D. 1265, prince Edwarde with hishoft came 
 to Kenelworth aforefayd, and there fighting with the fayde Simon de Mount- 
 forde and his army, with little flaughter difcomfitted the fame, and toake 
 prifoners the earle of Oxford, the lords William de Mount Cheney, Adam 
 de Newmarche, Baldwine Wake, and Hugh Nevill, withe divers other : the 
 lorde Simon himfelfe fiedde into the caftell, and fo efcaped. In this mean 
 while, the earle of Leicefter havyng raifed his power, came to the caftell of 
 Munmouth, which the carle of Gloueefter had lately taken and fortified : 
 but they that were within it beeing driven to yielde, it was now rafed down 
 to. the ground. This done, the earle of Leicefter entring into Glamorgan-- 
 
 fhire,, 
 
24 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 fbire, and joyning his power withe the prince of Wales, wafted and brent 
 the lands of the fayde earle of Gloucefter: but hearing that his adverfaries 
 wente about in other places, he returned from thence., and came forwarde 
 towards the faide prince Edwarde, who likwife made towards him, and at 
 Ewelham they met the lixth daye of Auguft, where was foughten a right 
 fierce and cruell battayle betwixte the parties. — As fome write, the earle of 
 Leicefter placed kyng Henry in the front of his battel, whome he had there 
 with him as captive, and had arrayed him in his owne coate armour, that if 
 fortune went againft him, whileft the enemies fhould be earned: to take the 
 K. bearing the femblaunce of the chief captayne, he might himfelf efcape: 
 but king Henry, when they came to joine, fought not, but called to his 
 people, and declared who he was, wherby he efcaped the daunger of deathe; 
 for being knowen of them, he was faved. The Welchmen, which in great 
 numbers the earle of Leicefter had there on his fide at the firfte onfett, fled 
 and ranne away, which their demeanor when the earle fa we, he exhorted 
 thofe that there were about him to play the men ; and fo rufhing forth into 
 the preafe of his enemies, he was enclofed aboute and flaine, togither with 
 his fonne Henry. Hereupon his death being knowen, hys people tooke 
 them to flight, as men utterly difcomfitted. — There dyed in that battell 
 about 4000 men, as Polidor hathe : but Richard Southwell faith, that there 
 were killed of knightes, or rather men of armes, 180, and of yeomen and 
 dimelances 220, of Welchmen 5000, and of fuch footmen as were of the 
 earle of Leicefter's owne retinue, 2000 : fo that there dyed in all to the 
 number of tenne thoufand men, as the fame Southwell affirmeth. Among 
 which of noblemen thefe are reckoned : Hugh Spencer lord chief juftice, 
 the lord Raulf Baflet, the lord Peter de Mountford, the lord Beauchampe, 
 Sir Williame Yorke, the lord Thomas de Efterly, the lord Walter de Crep- 
 pings, Guy de Bailioll, and the lord Roger Saint John, the lord Robert 
 Tregoz, and other.— This ruine fell to the barons by the difcord which 
 was fproong up lately before, betwixt the earles of Leicefter and Gloucefter, 
 through the infolency and pride of the earle of Leicefter's fonne, who, as I 
 fayde before, defpifing other of the nobility, fpake many reproachfull 
 wordes by the fayde earle of Gloucefter, and ufed him in ftich evill forte, 
 that he, upon difpleafure thereof, hadde not only procured the fcape of 
 prince Edwarde, but joyned with him in ayde, agaynfte the fayde earle of 
 Leicefter and other of the barons, to the utter confufioji both of them and 
 their caufe. 
 
 This plate alfo is from the fame MS. and coloured as the former. 
 
 No. XIII. 
 
ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 25 
 
 No. XIIL 
 
 EDWARD the FIRST, 
 
 • 
 
 IS here reprefented feated on his throne, and anfwering the pope's bull, 
 which is prefented to him by the archbifhop of Canterbury, and others of 
 the clergy, on the behalf of his holinefs. 
 
 What the French author may have faid concerning this prince cannot be 
 difcovered, for the letters at the bottom of this drawing are entirely oblite- 
 rated ; but mod likely he gave fome fhort account of the important and 
 interefting fcene which he has delineated. A full account, however, is here 
 fubjoined, as taken from Speed's Chronicle. 
 
 <f But in the matter of Scotland, the king, not to feem altogether to 
 neglecr. the court of Rome, addrefTed thither the earle of Lincolne, and 
 the lord Hugh de Spencer, with manifold complaints againft the Scots, and 
 juftification of his owne proceedings: howbeit, at the pope's requeft, hee 
 granted them truce from Hollonmafs toWhitfuntide. 
 
 " The juftice of the Englifh armes againfte the Scots, being now againe 
 direcTly impunged by the papall letters, comprehending lundry arguments 
 on the behalfe of that nation, king Edward, in a parliament at Lincolne,. 
 published their contents, and, by confent of the whole reprefentative body 
 of the realme, returned a copious defence of his whole proceedings, with 
 proteftation, firft, that he did not exhibite any thing as in forme of judge- 
 ment, or tryall of his caufe, but for fatisfaction of his holy father-hood's 
 confcience, and not otherwife. But whereas the pope had required the 
 king to ftand to his decifion for matter of claim, he writes that thereunto 
 he would make an anfwere, as having left that point to the earles and peeres 
 of this land : who, with one minde, direclly fignify, that their king was 
 not to anfwere in judgement for any rites of the crowne of England before 
 any tribunall under heaven, and that (by fending deputies or attourneyes to 
 fuch an end) he fhould not make the faid truth doubtfull, becauie it mani- 
 feftly tended to the difinherifon of the faid crowne, whiche they, with the 
 helpe of God, would refolutely, and with all their force, maintain againft all 
 men.— That the refolution of thefe worthy pillars thus in cafe of their 
 countries, crowne, and dignities, may be imitated in their following pofte- 
 rities, and celebrated in our everlafting remembrances, we (fays mine 
 author) hold it here fit to record their names, fubfcribed in their anfweres 
 
 E unto 
 
26 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 unto pope Boniface, dated at Lincolne, in the yeare of our Redemption 
 ijOi, and 29 of king Edward the Firfte." 
 
 After follows the lift of 100 peers of the realm, who fubfcribed their 
 names to the fupport of the authority of their prince.— Speed then goes on, 
 
 " Pope Boniface thus feeing the refolutions of thefe lords, and having 
 enough to doe againfte the French, proceeded no further in thefe bufineffes, 
 but let fall his aclion, and left the Scots to defend themfelves as they 
 could." 
 
 This is the laft illumination in the French MS. fo often quoted, and it is- 
 -coloured like the former, which is taken from the fame book. 
 
 No. XJV. 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 n 
 
 No. XIV.* 
 
 EDWARD the SECOND. 
 
 THIS plate reprefents king Edward giving a commiftion to Thomas of 
 Brotherton, appointing him marfhal of England.— Over it is written : 
 
 %ittw K. (lE&toatff, conffituentcjs CJoinant u 2S?otI;qton, Comltnn j|5ot= 
 tfngljam, ipjefcaUum Anglic. 
 
 " Letters of king Edward, conftituting Thomas of Brotherton, earl of 
 Nottingham, marfhal of England." 
 
 Edward the Second was a very unfortunate prince. His connections were 
 fuch as were not only very improper for a king, but extremely difagreeablc 
 to his fubjecls in general, and in the end proved his ruin ; for having pro- 
 voked the peers to fuch a degree, they univerfally rofe againft him, and 
 deprived him of his crown firft, and afterwards of his life, and that in a 
 cruel manner. It is true, his death was caufed chiefly by the machinations 
 of Ifabell his wife, Roger Mortimer earl of March, and the bifhop of 
 Hereford. 
 
 " The queen (fays Stow) taking it grievoufly that her hufband's life 
 (which Ihe deadly hated) was prolonged, made her complaint to her fchool- 
 mafter, Adam de Orleton, feigning that fhe had certaine dreams, the inter- 
 pretation whereof fhe mifliked ; which, if they were true, fhe feared, left if 
 her hufband be at any time reflored to his old dignity, that hee would burne 
 her for a traytor, or condemne her to perpetuall bondage.-— In like fort the 
 bifhop, being guilty in his own confcience, flood in like feare.—- The like 
 feare alfo flroke the hearts of other for the fame offence : wherefore it feemed 
 good to many of great dignity and bloud, as well fpiritual as temporal!, 
 both men and women, that all fuch feare fhould be taken away, defireing 
 his death j whereupon there were letters colourably written to the keepers 
 
 "* This illumination is in a MS. in the Cotton library, and mark'd Nero, D. 6. 
 
 of 
 
c8 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 of Edward, greatly blaming them, for looking fo flenderly to the king,, 
 fullering him to have fuch liberty, and nourifhing him too delicately — 
 moreover, there is a privy motion made unto them, but yet in fuch fort, as 
 it might feeme half done, that the death of Edward would not be mifliking 
 to them, wether it were naturell or violent.— And in this point, the greate 
 deceit of ibphifters flood in force, fet downe by the bifhop, who wrote thus ; 
 
 Edvardum occidere nolite timere, bonum eft. 
 " Kill Edward do not feare, it is a good thing.'* 
 
 Or thus: 
 
 " To feeke to fried king Edward's blood 
 M Refule,— to feare I count it good." 
 
 Which fophiftical faying is to be refolved into two proportions, whereoi the 
 firft, confifting of three words, to wit, Edvardum occidere nolite, " doe not 
 kill king Edward," and the fecond of other three, that is, timere bonum eft, 
 " to feare is a good thing," doe feem fubtilly to difwade from murthering 
 the king; but the recievers of thefe letters, not ignorant of the writing,, 
 changed the meaning thereof to this fence, Edvardum occidere nolite timere, 
 " to kill king Edward do not feare," and afterwards thefe words, bonum eft, 
 " it is good:" fo that they, being guilty, turned a good faying into evil."— 
 And fo the keepers, when they had received this letter, put the unfortunate 
 king to a cruel death. 
 
 Thomas of Brotherton, who is alfo here reprefented, was the fifth fon of 
 king Edward the Firft, by Margaret his fecond wife. He was born June 
 the firft, A. D. 1 300. He was earl of Norfolk (fays Speed) and earl mar- 
 fhal of England ; which earldoms the laft earl, Roger Bigod, having no- 
 iffue at his death, left to the difpofition of the king. 
 
 This curious painting is drawn from the initial letter of the. grant, and is 
 richly imboffed with gold, and elegantly coloured. The king fits on a light 
 red throne, drefs'd in a blue robe lined with ermin, his arms and his hofe 
 are red, and his fhoes are a darkifh brown. The armour of Thomas of 
 Brotherton is a light blue, except the body, which is painted red, and the 
 lion argent, and the joints of the armour at the elbows and knees, which are 
 gold. The back ground is a deep fea green ; the letter is white, fhadedt 
 with red, enclofed in a gold fo^uare* 
 
 No. XV, 
 
ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. XV. 
 
 EDWARD the THIRD and PRINCE EDWARD. 
 
 WE have here exhibited the portraits of two of the moft: famous per- 
 fonages that our whole annals can boaft of. To thefe noble heroes 
 we owe the conqueft of France, the monarch of which kingdom was taken 
 prifoner, at Poictiers, by the prowefs of prince Edward (for his martial 
 deeds firnamed the Black Prince) and brought in triumph through the ftreets 
 of London.— An Englishman muft view this antient delineation with the 
 greateft pleafure, efpecially when he recollects how much honour and con- 
 lequence they gave to their native realm. 
 
 King Edward is reprefented giving to his fon, the Black Prince, the 
 conquered provinces of France.™ Over the grant is written, 
 
 SDoitatto pitncipatu* 3cquitaniae, jfrancac, pec 3&. (Coto«?tunt 3 CotoajDa 
 ptlnctpl walliac, filto fuo* 
 
 <f The donation of the principality of Aquitaine, in France, by king 
 Edward, to Edward prince of Wales, his fon." 
 
 The illuminator has very properly drawn thefe great men in their armour,, 
 the bodies of which are adorned with the royal arms of England, quartered 
 with thofe of France ; which bearing was firft adopted by this noble king. 
 -—Of king Edward we have another portrait in the courfe of the work, and 
 the likenefs of the face in both, may prove their being real portraits. It is 
 alfo necelfary to give fome proof that the picture of the Black Prince is 
 equally authentic. 
 
 This picture, like the foregoing, No. XIV. is drawn in the initial letter 
 of the original grant, and is finifhed with great care and labour. — In another 
 MS. (viz. Domitianus, A. XVII. which is alfo in the Cottonian library) is 
 a curious mi Mai, formerly belonging to king Richard the Second (who was 
 the fon of Edward the Black Prince) and was his own mafs-book, ufed by 
 him : it is faid to have been wrote for, and prefented to him in his infancy : 
 it is moft elegantly written, and beautifully illuminated, and contains 
 feveral paintings very highly finiihed, in one of which is a portrait of his 
 father, prefenting him (on his knees) to Our Saviour and the bleffed Virgin. 
 The face, the character, and the manner of the hair of prince Edward, are 
 
 prccifely 
 
3 o REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 precifely the fame as in the illumination I have given, which fliews they 
 were either done from the life, or from fome piclure of him then extant.— 
 I did not engrave the other painting of the Black Prince, becaufe, as"*the 
 fubject feems to be entirely allegorical, I might be therefore thought to 
 break in on my propofed historical feries ; and it was the lefs neceffary, as 
 the illumination which I have copied is equally as well executed. 
 
 The colours of the above illumination are as follows : The king fits on a 
 throne of marble, ornamented with a frame of gold ; the armour of both 
 the king and prince is filver, done over with a kind of lacquer, except the 
 joints at the knees and elbows, which are gold ; the arms of England are 
 painted on the bodies of their armour in the proper colours ; the letter h 
 white, fliaded with blue and red, on an entire back ground of gold.* 
 
 * The original of this plate is to be found in Nero, D. VI. a MS. in the Cotton 
 
 ^Library. 
 
 No. XVI. 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND, 
 
 3* 
 
 No. XVI. 
 
 JOHN of GAUNT, DUKE of LANCASTER. 
 
 J OHN of Gaunt was the 4th fon of Edward the Third : "he was born at 
 Gaunt, a chief town of Flanders, A. D. 1340. In his childhood he was 
 created earl of Richmond, which title was afterwards recalled in, and 
 bellowed upon John duke of Brittany. He firft married Blanch, daughter 
 and fole heir of Henry duke of Lancafter (fon of Edmund firnamed Crouch 
 Back) in whofe right he was firft earl, and after duke of the fame. By this 
 lady he had ilfue Flenry earl of Derby, after duke of Hereford, and laftly 
 king of England. Befides the dukedom of Lancafter, John of Gaunt was 
 earl of Leicefter, Derby and Lincoln, and high fteward of England. — 
 This prince is here delineated in the habit of high fteward of England, 
 examining the right, and granting the commiflions of the offices claimed by 
 the nobility at the coronation of Richard the Second. 
 
 This coronation was extremely grand and magnificent. Speed has copied 
 an account of all the different claims then made, from the very MS. that 
 contains the original of the prefent plate. I have given the following extract 
 from that author, which includes as much of it as is necefTary to explain the 
 (above-mentioned) illumination : 
 
 " John, the king's eldeft uncle, under the ftile of John king of Caftile 
 and Leon, and duke of Lancafter, by humble petition to the king, claimed- 
 to be now fteward of England, in right of his earldome of Leicefter ; and, 
 as he was duke of Lancafter, to beare the king's chiefe fword, called curtana ; 
 and, as earle of Lincolne, to cut and carve at the royall table before the 
 king. His petitions being found juft, were confirmed to him, and to his 
 aflignes, the two earles of Derby and Stafford, the firft to beare the fword, 
 while the duke ftiould be bufied about other offices as fteward, and the 
 other to cut and carve. The duke then, in great eftate, held this the king's 
 high court of ftewardftiip, in the Whitehall of the king's pallace at Weft- 
 minfter, neere to the chappell of the faid palace, upon the Thurfday before 
 the coronation, which was alfo upon a Thurfday. There Thomas of Wood- 
 ftocke, the king's uncle, was admitted to exercife the office of conftable of 
 England, in right of his wife, one of the daughters and heires of Humfrey 
 de Bohun, late earle of Hereford;, and conftable of England. Henry de 
 
 Piercie 
 
3 2 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 Piercie * was, by the king's confent and writ, authorifed to exercife the 
 place of marfhall of England for that time, faving to every one their right j 
 for that, by reafon of the time's fhortnefie, the claime which Margaret, 
 daughter and heire to Thomas of Brotherton, late earle of Norfolke, and 
 marfhall of England, laid thereunto, could not be difcufied."— With 
 various other claims of lefs confequence, made at the fame time i for 
 which the reader is referred to Speed himfelf. 
 
 It is highly probable that the figure kneeling is Thomas of Wood- 
 flock, high conftable of England. This Thomas was the feventh and 
 youngeft fon of Edward the Third, and brother to John of Gaunt. 
 
 He is drefTed in dark blue and white ; the figure kneeling is in dark blue 
 and red ; the feat a kind of pink, and the back ground red ; the letter half 
 blue, and half red, work'd on with white, and blue corners, with a gold 
 edge round the whole. f 
 
 * Or de Percy (fo the name was originally written). Percy is a town in Lower 
 Normandy, where this great family had their place of refidence before the Conqueft, 
 f This is in Nero, D. vi. 
 
 No. XVII 
 
ANTIQJUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 33 
 
 THE two fucceeding plates are taken from illuminations in a large MS. 
 at Weftminfter Abbey. The following is a concife account of the 
 book itfelf : 
 
 ft The book, commonly called Liber Regalis, is a large and curious 
 miflal, which, by the arms emblazoned in it, feems to have been procured, 
 and prefented to the church of Weftminfter, by Nicholas Lytlington, who 
 was abbot there from 1362 to 1386. 
 
 <* Befides the ufual calendar, rubric, and offices of thofe times, it con- 
 tains an exact ordinal of the fervice and ceremonies then ufed at the coro- 
 nation of the kings and queens-confort ; together with the chants and 
 anthems performed on the occafion. And the illumination prefixed to this 
 ceremonial, bearing a near refemblance to the portrait of Richard the 
 Second, in the choir of Weftminfter, renders it highly probable that this 
 curious book was provided for the direction of the prelates and nobles who 
 affifted at that prince's coronation, July the 1 6th, 1377, and thence acquired 
 the name of Liber Regalis. 
 
 " Note, In the catalogue of the Harleian MSS. No. 310-xiv. fome par- 
 ticulars, touching the coronation of the kings and queens, are faid to 
 have been collected out of a book called Liber Regalis, in the treafury of 
 the church of Weftminfter; probably by Sir Simon D'Ewes, who made a 
 large collection of MSS. relating to Englifh hiftory. 
 
 " It is likewife fuppofed that a copy of the above-mentioned ceremonial 
 was taken from it while lord keeper Williams was dean of Weftminfter, 
 which may ftill be in private hands." 
 
 No. XVII. 
 
 The CORONATION of RICHARD the SECOND. 
 
 ^PH I S prince, at the death of his grandfather, king Edward (which hap- 
 pened in the month of June, 1377) was but eleven years of age, and 
 on the 1 6th of July, in the fame year, was folemnly crowned king of Eng- 
 land, by Simon Sudbury, archbifnop of Canterbury, affifted by abbot 
 Lytlington. The earl of Derby (afterwards king Henry IV.) bears the 
 cur tana. — See page 31. 
 
 " At this coronation (fays Speed) Thomas of Woodftocke, youngeft fon 
 of deceafed king Edward, was created earle of Buckingham, Thomas 
 Mowbray earle of Nottingham, Guychard d'Angolem earl of Huntingdon, 
 
 F and 
 
34 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 and Heniy de Piercy earl of Northumberland.— Thus (adds he) the bountic 
 of the young monarch imparted large rays of his imperiall fplendour to thefe 
 eminent perfons of his kingdome : howefoever, thefe and like honours have 
 not in our common wealth eyther alwayes beene fortunate to the receivers,, 
 or without repentance to the donors." 
 
 The king's robe is gold, his clofe garment pink and gold flowers ; the 
 throne is a reddifh brown ; the bifhop at the right hand is in white, and a 
 blue robe with gold flowers j the abbot at the left is alfo in white, a gold 
 robe with white Ipots: the earl of Derby is habited in blue, with white hofe 
 and dark lhoes ; the attendant behind is in white ; the crofs, crofier, mitres, 
 and other ornaments, as well as the back ground, are gold ; the lighter 
 colour of the frame red, the dark part blue. 
 
 No. XVIII 
 
ANTIQJUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 35 
 
 No. XVIII. 
 
 The CORONATION of his Q.UEEN, 
 ANNE of BOHEMIA. 
 
 A K E the following account of the fame from Holingfhed : 
 
 " News came (fays that author) that the lady Anne, fifter to the empe- 
 roure Wenflaus, and fyanced wife to the kyng of England, was come to 
 Caleis ; wherupon the parliamente was prorogued till after Chriftmafs, that 
 in the mean time marriage myghte be folemnifed, whyche was appointed 
 after the Epiphanye : and forthwith great preparation Was made to re- 
 ceyve the bryde, that Ihe myght be conveyed with all honour unto kyng's 
 prefence. 
 
 " Suche as fhoulde receyve hir at Dover, repayred thither, where, at hir 
 landing, a marvellous and righte ftraunge wonder happened ; for fhee was 
 no fooner out of hir mippej and got to lande in fafety with all hir com- 
 panye, but that forthwith the water was fo troubled and friaken, as the like 
 thing had not in any man's remembrance ever bin hearde of : fo that the 
 fliippe in which the appoynted queene came over, was terribly rent into 
 pieces, and the refidue fo beaten one agaynfte another, that they were fcat- 
 tered heere and there, after a wonderfull manner. Before hir comyng to 
 the citye of London, Ihee was met on Blackheath, by the mair and citizens 
 of London, in moil honourable wife, and fo with greate triumph convey'd 
 to Weftminfter, where at the time appoynted, all the nobilitie of the realme 
 being affembled, fhee was joyned in marriage to the king, and crowned 
 queene, by the archebyfhop of Caunterbury, with all the glory and honour 
 that might be deviled. 
 
 " There were alfo holden, for the more honour of the fame marriage, 
 folemne juftes for certayne dayes togither, in which, as well the Englifhmen 
 as the new queene's countrymen, fhewed proofe of their manhoode and 
 valiancie, wherby prayfe and commendation of knightly prowes was at- 
 chieved, not withoute domage of both the parties." 
 
 The 
 
36 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 The queen's garment is blue ; the robe gold, lined with ermme ; the 
 throne filver varnilhed : both the biihops are in white, edged with gold ; 
 their robes are pink with red flowers, edged with gold ; mitres, crofles and 
 the borders are gold : the attendants are white back ground blue, and the 
 frame gold. 
 
 This plate is from the fame MS. with the foregoing, 
 
 No. XIX.. 
 
AN T I QJJ I T I E S OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. XIX * 
 
 ■ 
 
 KING RICHARD the SECOND. 
 
 THIS prince is here reprefented as feated on his throne, furrounded by 
 the different officers of the court, and receiving a book from a monk, 
 intituled 
 
 flHn pome et G'mplc cpllfre D'un.totcU fotitatie torsi delete toe IBajijJ, atycflant 
 a tjejs crcellcnt, et tjejll puiflant, tjess tocbonnaije, catftoUque, ct t?cs tocboff pnncc 
 Htcbajt, par la s?ace DtaDiru,feopD'flngUtrHe,fc— pouraurunc confijmacfon 
 tele que toe la tyape pair et amour fjatcjntUe m tit Kbp to'ftncjletc^e, ettoit 
 Chafes, par la gjace De 3Dieu, liop tie foaiicr. 
 
 In Englifh thus : ■ 
 
 " A poor and fimple epiflle of an old folitary of the Celeflins of Paris, 
 addreffed to the moft excellent, and mod powerful, moft polifhed, catholic, 
 and moft devout prince Richard, by the grace of God, king of England, &c. 
 — for no other purpofe than the confirmation of the true peace and fraternal 
 love of the faid king of England, and of Charles, . by the grace of God, 
 king of France.'* 
 
 I could not get any further intelligence concerning the author of this MS. . 
 but it is fairly written, and the picture is well finifhed. 
 
 This illumination is very curious, on account of the extraordinary length 
 of the fhoes, then worn at court. That they might not be troublefome to 
 the wearer when •■ he walked abroad, they were fattened up by means of a . 
 fmall chain to the knee. 
 
 This truly ridiculous fafhion continued a long time in vogue. In the 
 reign of Edward the Fourth (fays Stow) it prevailed univerfally, fo that 
 thofe whofe finances would not allow them chains of goid and filver, had 
 filken firings ftretch'd from the knee to the long point of the fhoe. This 
 enormity was at laft taken into the confideration of the parliament, and in 
 
 * This illumination is in a MS. in the Royal library at the Britifh Mufeum, and 
 mark'd 20. B. 6. 
 
 the 
 
58 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 the third year of Edward the Fourth it was enafted, that no men fhould 
 wear ihoes, or boots, with pikes exceeding two inches in length. But this 
 regulation was not quite effectual, for in the fifth year of the fame prince we 
 find it was proclaimed throughout the kingdom, that no man, of any degree 
 whatfoever, mould wear any (hoes or boots whofe points exceeded two 
 inches, upon pain of curfing by the clergy, befides the forfeiture of twenty 
 millings. After this laft a£t, we hear no more of them. 
 
 The king's robe is blue, lined with ermine the throne is of a light ftone 
 colour, with the arms of England proper. The monk is drefs'd in a dark 
 pink ; his book is gold, the flag white with a red crofs, and the lamb gold. 
 The figure behind the monk is drefs'd in a light blue. The nobleman at 
 the right hand of the picture is in red and gold, the dark leg blue, the other 
 white. The next figure has on a light pink robe, lined with white ; his 
 legs are red. The monk behind the throne is in blue, and the other figure 
 is in a light flefh-coloured robe : the pavement a light red, and the back 
 ground blue and gold-. 
 
 THIRTEEN 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 THIRTEEN of the following illuminations are taken from a curious. 
 MS. on vellum,* containing the hiitory of the latter part of the reign 
 of (that unfortunate monarch) king Richard the Second, beginning April 
 the 25th, 1399, and ending upon the delivering up of Ifabel, the young 
 queen of England, widow of Richard the Second, to the commiflioners of 
 her father, Charles the Sixth, king of France. 
 
 This book was written by Francis de la Marque, a French gentleman 
 who was in the fuite of the king during his troubles, and was formerly in 
 the library of the count de Maine, 
 
 As the following explanations of thefe pictures are but fhort, I refer the 
 curious reader to Stow, in whofe Chronicle he will find this latter part of 
 the life and reign of Richard (beginning with his going to Ireland) word for 
 word taken from this author: it appears alfo that Holingfhed made ufe of 
 him ; but neither of them make the leafl mention of him.. 
 
 The reverend Dr. Percy, in a MS. note which he has prefixed to the 
 original book, fpeaks of the illuminations in the following manner : 
 
 u The feveral illuminations contained in this book are extremely curious,, 
 and valuable, not only for the exact difplay of the drefTes, &c. of the time,,, 
 but for the finifhed portraits of fo many eminent characters as are preferveel 
 in them." 
 
 No. XX. 
 
 'THE author paying his refpects to a Gafcoigne knight (undoubtedly the 
 fame whom Holingfhed and Stow name Janico D'Artois) who, he tells 
 us, requefted him to go with him to England : he accordingly went with* 
 him from Paris to London, and thence fet out for Ireland to attend king 
 Richard the Second, who was newly gone over to fu.bdue Mac Murrough,, 
 the great Irifti rebel. 
 
 * This MS. is in the Harleian library at the Britifh Mufeum, and marked 1319. 
 
 The 
 
4 o REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 The author himfelf relates the matter as follows : 
 
 Cinq jotuff netoant It pjemtet four be apap, 
 jSDuc cbafcun Doit taider tiucil et efmap, 
 Win trjebalicr que be bon met a map, 
 S^oultbotilccmcnt, 
 Sf&i oif, amp, 3c bous p;t clement, 
 flBu'cn'Sttbicm touciUiej lopeuftmcnt 
 SJbecqucs! mop tocnir pjocbamtmncnt 9 
 g buctl aicr f 
 
 3z tcfponnt \ monfeigncur, tommanber 
 pofct3 fur mop 9jf fui p?rff b'cnclintt 
 £pa boulcntc a botje bon pcnfcr, 
 $en Dotibtc3 j'a. 
 
 SI c&Mict cent foi5 mc nic?ew, 
 3Difant, f?c?e ccrtes il conbrnDja 
 HBetn bjief pajtir,— m I)d£fev nos faulbja 
 feote? tcjtiitn^* 
 
 Cc fu cn Ian mil, qnatje ccntf, un mains 
 ^Due tjc paiis,— tbaffttn Dc fotc plains, 
 il5oiis pajtlGncg, cbebatubant foirss ct mains 
 ^ansi ata?o;ier 
 
 iulqtta Hohd?c0, la noug cenbtnt logict 
 (En speiQcot, a beur Dc mangier; 
 Ha potoit en beoir maint djebaltct 
 jfai?e Depart 
 
 2De la ©Mr, car le bon IRoy Sirt;ait 
 it toit paiti3, $c, 
 
 "Which may be thus tranflated-: 
 
 Five days before the firft day of May, when every one ought to leave 
 off mourning and grief, a knight, with great love towards me, faid fMtjy 
 thus, " Friend, I earneftly befeech thee, if it pleafe thee,, to go joyfully 
 with me directly to Britain."— I anfwered, " My lord, you may command 
 me j I am ready, doubt not, to incline my will to your defires."— The 
 knight thanked me a hundred times, and faid, " Brother, it will be necef- 
 fary for us to fet off directly, for be certain we muft be hafty."— Ic was in 
 the year one thoufand four hundred, that one morning we fet out joyfully 
 from Paris, riding day and night, without delay, till we came to London, 
 where we. arrived on a Wednefday at the hour of dinner; and there we faw 
 many 'knights departing from thence, for the good king PJ chard-was already 
 fet out." 
 
 The fhowy luxurious habit of the knight deferves attention. When the 
 knights were not cafed in armour, they wore a drefs that feems to have more 
 than Afiatic foftnefs and effeminacy.— He is habited in red and gold; the 
 dark part of the fleeve is blue, the light part white. The author is in green ■, 
 the ground proper, and the background blue and gold in diamonds. 
 
 No. XXI. 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. XXI. 
 
 The KNIGHTING of HENRY, Son to the DUKE of 
 
 LANCASTER. 
 
 KING Richard being with his forces in Ireland, confers, with great 
 marks of kindnefs, the order of knighthood on the fon of Henry- 
 duke of Lancaster and earl of Derby, then in banilhment. This fon was 
 afterwards king Henry the Fifth. 
 
 The author fays as follows : 
 
 <&n cc faffant, le rop, qui lz$ ltepa?js 
 jpoitz tn blafon, fiff vetig De toutess pa^ 
 gaiic $ tantoft pauones $ cttanDajg 
 (tn fault Icucr. 
 
 Slpjeg fiff, tl Dc b?ap cuer, fans? amer, 
 %z fil? att Due De ^Lanccaftje manDct, 
 £Dtu eHoit Del $ jeune battler, 
 dt abcuant, 
 
 dt puijs le fift cTjebaltcr, tn Difant, 
 OSonbcau coufin, foies PJW ctbatUauti 
 SDcfoje mai5 car pou abc? batllant 
 gjang conquc?lt\ 
 
 (fct pour le plus fannojer ct rt;qir, 
 €n acnotflant fon bicn f fon plaifi't 
 3iBn telle, qu'il cn cult foubentr 9 
 $)lugs longucment, 
 <£n fiQ D'attt^0 viii. tut Dijr, f c. 
 
 " Whilft this was doing, the king, [Richard] who bears in blazon the 
 leopards,* caufed pavons and ftandards to be fet on high, in every part of 
 the field j after which, with kind heart, without bitternefs, he commanded 
 
 * Alluding to the arms of England, which were formerly three leopards. 
 
 G 
 
 the 
 
4 s REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 the fon of the duke of Lancafter, who was a fair young bachelor, to be 
 brought before him, and there made him a knight, faying, " My fair 
 coufin, be brave and valiant ; for few are valiant without conquering. 5 ' 
 And that he might confer the greater honour upon him, and fix this plea- 
 sure more laftingly in his mind, he [the king] alfo made eight or ten more- 
 knights at the fame time." 
 
 The king's garment, and the trappings of his horfe, are red and gold 
 flowers ; all the armour and helmets (in this, and through the whole of 
 thefe thirteen illuminations) are of a lead colour. Prince Heniy's garment 
 is blue, and the figure behind the king is in blue, and the next to him is 
 red; the trees and the ground proper; the back ground red, with gold 
 ftripes and flowers ; the ftandard (which is the arms of England) proper^ , 
 and the ftreamer blue and gold flowers. 
 
 From the fame MS, as the former. 
 
 No. XXII, 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 43 
 
 No. XXII. 
 
 INTERVIEW with MAC MURROUGH. 
 
 MAC MURROUGH (or, as the French author calls him, Maquemore) 
 is drawn coming forth from between two woods, to meet Thomas 
 Spencer, earl of Glocefter, the king's commander in chief; upon wnicn a 
 conference enfues. The Irifh are defcribed as riding without laddie, ltn- 
 rups, boots, &c. 
 
 The author gives the following curious defcription of the appearance of 
 Maquemore : 
 
 CEntje t>eu£ bote, afles loing oe tamer, 
 S^aqttemojc, la montaigne atoaler, 
 imp l SDfclofJ 5 que pas lie fcap nomtyet 
 pot foifon* 
 
 33n cljebal, ot fang ftlc ue a?con, 
 jSDut lut afeoft coufle, ce Difotton, 
 £hiat?e am bactjeg, tant eftolt bel tt ton 
 Car poti t>'a?gent 
 H on paijEf, pounce comunment 
 $pa?cbanoent eul* a beflegj, feulment* 
 €n oefeenbant, cou?oit C afpjemcnt 
 i3Dua mon atitrig, 
 
 ^nrqueg mat5 }0ttt bt ma be ne bid 
 Coune fltoft liebje, te?f ne tyebte, 
 i£'aut?e belle, pour certain la bou$ UisS 
 Comme il faifoit. 
 
 €n fa main acrtje un Batfie potfoit 
 <©jant | tongue, ct quo? moult beta rjettoifc 
 £>a ftmblaunce alnll comme il eftolt 
 Wltz$ pott?t?aitc. 
 [Then comes the picture.] 
 
 SDebant le boi) 
 
 la futt I'aflemblec fait 
 
 ptatfttti tuifleU 
 
 G 2 " Between 
 
44 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 " Between two woods, at a diftance from the fea, Maquemore, taking 
 the advantage of the mountains, was with his Irifh ; the number I cannot 
 iuftly fay. He had a horfe [on which he fat] without ftirrups or. faddle, 
 which coft him, as it was faid, four hundred cows, it was fo valuable ; for 
 in that country they have but little money, and merchandize only with 
 beads, which they exchange. In defcending [from the wood towards the 
 king's hoft] he rode fo fwiftly, that in all my life I never faw either hare, 
 flag, or any other beaft, able to keep pace with him. In his right hand 
 he carried a great long dart, which he could ufe very dexteroufly. His I 
 appearance was as you may here fee painted. — [Here comes- in the -picture.] g 
 — Before the wood, the alfembly was made near to a little rivulet." 
 
 Mac Murrough has a light pink robe over his fhoulder ; and the figure 
 next to him is in white, with a red cap ; and the third figure is red, with a 
 white cap. The middlemoft figure of the foldiers is. in red, and. the other 
 two in bluej the ground and trees proper, and the back. ground blue and i 
 gold. 
 
 From the fame MS. as No. XX, 
 
 No. XXIII* 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND, 
 
 4f 
 
 No. XXIIL 
 
 The ARCHBISHOP of CANTERBURY Preaching 
 
 WHILE king Richard is in Ireland, Ke receives intelligence that 
 Thomas Arundel, archbifhop of Canterbuiy, had publicly preached 
 of the great wrongs done to Henry duke of Lancafter, and had produced a 
 bull from Rome, promifing Paradife to all that would aid him againft his 
 enemies. 
 
 The author fpeaks as follows : 
 
 c£t comment quant il ajjiba primer 
 €n ton pate, 11 fitt aujc senjs pjcctjtcv 
 Jl'ajcctjefquc tie Cantojtue ftct 
 SDifant, ainOf, 
 
 #eis bonne0 genss, entcnocsi totts ici ; 
 taousJ fates bien comment le Eop l?cu^ 
 a gjant to?t fcotje feignetir ^en?p, 
 <tt fans ratfon. 
 
 (fit poujee jap fait impctjarion 
 8u faint pe?e, qui eft nottje patjon, 
 $>ue tjeffous ceuljr autoont remtflion 
 2De leur pecljiej, 
 
 j©e quo? oncqueg 1I5 fu?ent entact)ie5 9 
 2De puis I'euje qu'il3 fujent baptifier, 
 flBui lui aiDejont tocus cejtainjs enfotes 
 Celfe fou?nee. 
 <gt tefenci la bulle teellee, 
 flDuc la pappe De Home la lobee 
 (S&a entoie, $ pour toougi tows Donne, 
 $0t$ tons amis, $ c. 
 
 Which may be thus tranflated t 
 
 w And now, when he [duke Henry] firft arrived in his country, he caufed 
 the archbiftiop of Canterbury to preach to the people, faying, " My good 
 
 friends. 
 
 TO THE PEOPLE. 
 
4 6 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 friends, all of you who are here have heard of the evils which the king 
 Richard * hath done to your lord Henry, and that without any reafon. For 
 this caufe I have prayed to faint Peter, who is our patron, that all thofe 
 who fhall aid the duke fhall have fpeedy pardon and remirTion of all their 
 fins, which they may have committed from the hour of the baptifm to the 
 prefent time. And here behold the fealed bull which the Pope of Rome 
 hath fent to me, my good friends, to confirm the fame to you." 
 
 The archbifhop's robe is red and gold, his mitre white and gold ; the 
 figure holding the crofs is in a lead colour : the firft of the five fitting front 
 figures is in a light pink ; the next blue, and his legs white ; the next in 
 purple, the next in red, and the laft in green : the other figures are red and 
 blue, the pulpit a light green, the cloth blue and gold, the feal to the bull 
 red, the back ground blue and gold. 
 
 This is from the fame MS. with No. XX. 
 
 * So it fhould certainly be, though the French author has miftakenly, in the fecond 
 verfe, wrote it " le Roy Henry,*' inftead of " le Roy Richart," to .whom it un- 
 doubtedly alludes. 
 
 No. XXIV. 
 
ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 4? 
 
 No. XXIV. 
 
 KING RICHARD with his FRIENDS at CONWAY. 
 
 KING Richard having landed at Milford Haven, is here drawn as 
 confulting with his friends at Conway caftle. He feems to wear a 
 prieft's black cowl, probably by way of difguife. The perfon (in blue) 
 fpeaking to the king, is John Montacute, earl of Salifbury ; the bilhop 
 (above him) in a cowl, feems to be Merks, bilhop of Carlifle. In a fepa- 
 rate compartment to the right, are John Holland, duke of Exeter, the 
 king's half-brother, and Thomas Holland, duke of Surrey, fon to the king's 
 other half-brother, Thomas Holland, earl of Kent, deceafed. — The French • 
 author thus defcribes the fcene which he has here depicted : 
 
 3 V aflamblet tut Eop contour, 
 <£ti lieu De jotc, tfot moult rjjant contour, 
 piemss plains fupijjs n'j? tent pas fcjour, 
 (5tmi\i ne Dttetl \ 
 
 €titt$ ceffoit gjant pitic aboit Ducil 
 iteut countenance f leur mojfel atmiU - 
 %a cemte aboit la face Dc fon nutcil 
 SDefconloujce, 
 
 £u IRop conta fa Dnje Dcffince, 
 Ct comment fait aboit fon aflemblcr, 
 ®uant Defectum ftt Dc la mcr faltcc 
 (tn dEnglete?^ 
 
 Something like this in Englifh : 
 
 " The afiembly round about the king, inftead of being joyous, were full 
 of grief, fo that there was nothing but the mournful appearance of tears, 
 complainings, fighs and groans ; it was a very piteous fight to fee the 
 anxiety and grief which was upon their countenances. The earl [of Salifbury] 
 appeared at bell but difconfolate, and to the king recounted his cruel 
 deftiny, and how he had gathered his hoft, when he landed from the fait fea 
 into England," &c, 
 
 Thg 
 
4 t REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 The king is habited in a red robe and black cowl ; Salifbury is in ;blue 
 and gold j the bifhop behind the king is in a iky blue cowl and dark pink 
 robes the figure at the king's right hand is in light pink and gold, and the 
 Other above him in red, with a blue cap. The figures in the other compart- 
 rnent are, the one in a dark blue and gold, and the other in a light red. 
 The buildings of a ftone colour, except the roofs, which are red ; the back 
 ground blue and gold, 
 
 from the fame MS, as No. XX, 
 
 Fa XXV. 
 
-ANTIQJUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 4* 
 
 No. XXV. 
 
 The EMBASSY of KING RICHARD sent to the 
 DUKE of LANCASTER. 
 
 TH E king fends the duke of Exeter and the duke of Surrey to the 
 duke of Lancafter at Chefter, to confer with him, and come to an 
 . agreement to terminate their difference. He keeps only fixteen perfons 
 with him at Conway. 
 
 The author writes thus : 
 
 pour mWt$ Uebcjs tc uttc ^tn?f, 
 jSDe aUbint il que par eulj fu cljoifi 
 lit Due 2Deyccftje 3 tar on euft uu faille 
 Ha atjoutoe3 ; 
 
 l^omme qui fctuft ft fakement pajler, 
 &i uncjjant fatt pjonouncicr $ center. 
 Sltecqttrg lui fiff le ben ftop ale? 
 »>on beau couQn, 
 
 &ui cftoit otic ue feouujap. le matin 
 parent, eulje uu Eop le quel Ue fin 
 Cuer leut pjta ue atyegcr la cljcmtn 
 ■<£t ue bcin faijt, 
 
 <£t que uwfcein Uti comptent tout Vaffaite 
 £ue t? Ueuant atc3 op rctjaUe i 
 9ffin telle que Ue lui puuTent tjaire 
 Clcccft ou pair. 
 
 Thus in Englifh : 
 
 " The duke of Exeter was chofen [by the king] to be fent to the duke 
 Heniy ; for amongft all his company there was none that could fpeak more 
 fenfible, or let an important affair in a jufter light, With him the king 
 alfo fent his coufin, the duke of Surrey. They fet forth in the morning, 
 and the king earneftly befought them to be fpeedy in their journey, and 
 execute their commiflion with all the care and difpatch that they could ; 
 
 H for 
 
S o REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 for he fliould be very anxious to know whether peace or war was intended 
 towards him." 
 
 The chief figure is in blue and gold, with a red cap and black boots, and 
 the trappings of his horfe are red ; the other is in red and gold, and a blue 
 cap, and black trappings ; the horfes are of an amber-coloured brown. 
 The principal figure of the attendants is in green (this is the author) and 
 the two on either fide of him in blue, with brown caps ; and the light figure 
 is in white, and a red cap. Ground proper, and back ground blue and. gold. 
 
 From the fame MS, as No, XX, 
 
 No, XXVI; 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 5' 
 
 No. XXVI. 
 
 The INTERVIEW with DUKE HENRY. 
 
 TH E dukes of Exeter and of Surrey are introduced to the duke of 
 Lancafter, who is in black, being in mourning (I fuppofe) for the 
 death of John of Gaunt, his father. Henry duke of Lancafter only detains 
 the duke of Exeter, who had married his filter, but imprifons the duke of 
 Surrey. 
 
 The original runs thus : 
 
 Slit Due ??cn?p fcijent mene$ le pag 
 2D?ott on chattel, qut fit fait acompag, 
 8u ceut cn ot gjatu joic $ &ant foulag 
 <©iiant 11 leg fait j 
 
 ^eg bonne clueje pat femblance leut fift; 
 (Et pttig ap^eg att Due 2De*eeC?e Dtt, 
 <3Dt ca beau f?c?e fang plug De cont?e bit 
 2De bo? noubclleg, 
 
 3e bong topple, que boug me Die? tnt'ellcg, 
 3lg font beau f?e?e*— gne font pag t?op belleg, 
 |3our monfeigneur, aing font lalDeg $ felleg, » 
 3)onc moult Doulant. 
 fe»ui ct maijy ct lojg luf ba eomptant 
 C?eflagcment tout ce qu'tp Dtbant, 
 8be? op quant 1I5 furent pajtant 
 . SD'abec le Bop, 
 
 3te Due ^cmp teg fitt en beuj pa^tie, 
 Sbec lui fiff fon beau f?eje tenir, 
 3la Due IDejceftje ; 
 
 Ct le bon Due De feoulDjap tiff il mettjr, 
 C£t enftjmet eng ou ebaffel De €t(tih 
 i3Du'il pa maint belle feneffte, 
 (Ct maint fcault mur> 
 
 H a 
 
REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 In Englifh : 
 
 <c And they directed their fteps to the caftle where duke Henry was, who 
 rejoiced extremely when he faw them, and caufed them to be feafted with 
 great pretended amity. This done, he faid to the duke of Exeter, " 1 
 befeech thee, fair brother, without the leaft reftraint, to tell me what news 
 you bring." — [He anfwer'd] " It is what will not be very pleafing to my 
 lord, but, on the contrary, very dillafteful and unhappy."— Then he entered 
 upon his difcourfe in a molt prudent manner, relating the reafons for which 
 he left the king," &c. 
 
 [And this he did in fo- plain and open a manner, and was-feconded by 
 Surrey fo, that Henry was very angry, and proceeded to violence.] 
 
 " The duke Henry ordered them to be parted, and his half-brother, the 
 duke of Exeter, he caufed to be kept with him but the good duke of 
 Surrey was fhut up clofely in the caftle of Chefter," &c. . 
 
 Lancafter is in black ; the two dukes as before ; the foldier by Lancafter 
 is in a light pink, with gold flowers ; the buildings as before, except the^. - 
 roofs, which are blue ; the back ground red, ftriped with gold. 
 
 Erom the fame MS, with No. XX, 
 
 No. XXVX& 
 
ANTIQJUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. XXVII. 
 
 INTERVIEW between the EARL op NORTHUM- 
 BERLAND and KING RICHARD. 
 
 HE earl of Northumberland (Henry 'Percy, firft earl) comes from 
 duke Henry to perfuade the king to go with him, and delivers his 
 meffage on his knees. The perfon-by the king is the earl of Salifbury 
 Northumberland plainly tells the king of the errors of his government and 
 promifes him thai the differences between him and the duke of Lancafter 
 Siall be determined by parliament: this he offers to confirm by oath. 
 
 T 
 
 The author fays : - 
 
 3Lo?s le rontt monta 
 £n-'nn baiflel I leatte oultje pada, 
 %z rop Eicljajt im chattel ttouba, 
 (fct abcc lui 
 
 Ujouba le tonte tic ^allcbqp, 
 Ct lefuefquc be ttejlilte ainfl, 
 Ua Dili au rop — fe>ije, It Due ^tmt 
 Spacptamte, 
 
 8fin qu'acojt enUc boua brut foit mi& 
 <St que foie5 oefojemai5 bom amiss, 
 feil boujs plaitt, O^c, $ que ic fote'opu, 
 3t tootts Dt?ap 
 
 Ct qu'il boug mattbe ne btcng tien mentUajv 
 £>e boue* bottle? eff?e bon Urn $ tojap, 
 (Ct tjeftouss ctulp, qui tp touss nommejaj?, 
 3Faije toentt 
 
 & certain jour, pout jufttee aeompltr, 
 U aauftmouftje, le pavement obit, 
 ®ue boug fe;e3 tnt?e bottgs bcut tenir, 
 JBat lopultc •, 
 
 (Ct que gjant jttge foit tl reflftoe 
 E>'en6lete^e, comme I'aboit effe 
 %t buc fon pzit> $ tout Con pa?ente, 
 plus be tent ami. 
 
54 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 In Englifli thus: 
 
 <f The earl [of Northumberland] patted over the water in a little vefiel, 
 and found king Richard in the caftle, and with him the earl of Salifbury, 
 and the bifhop of Carlifle alfo. And he faid to the king, <c Sire, the duke 
 Henry hath fent me, that I mould ufe my endeWour to make an accord 
 between you and him. that henceforth you may be good friends, if it pleafe 
 you to hear me fpeak what I am commanded, without deceit.— If you will 
 be a good and true judge, and fpeedily caufe thofe to come fome certain 
 day to Weftminfter, whom I mall name to you, that juftice may be done 
 between you two there, loyally, in the open parliament ; and that the office 
 of great judge [fenefchall, or high fteward] of England mail be reftored to 
 duke Henry, which was held by the duke his father, and his anceftors, more 
 than one hundred years," &c. 
 
 Northumberland is in blue and gold ; the king and Salifbury as before ; 
 the fmall figure in front is in a light pink, the next in blue, the next blue 
 and gold, and the laft green the flat roofs red, and the turret tops blue - f 
 the back ground blue, flowered with gold. 
 
 Jrom the fame MS. with No. XX« 
 
 No. XXVIII, 
 
A N T I QU I T I E S OF 
 
 £ N G L A N D, 
 
 55 
 
 No. XXVIII. 
 
 The ACCORD between the EARL of NORTHUM- 
 BERLAND and KING RICHARD. 
 
 THE earl of Northumberland confirms by folemn oath, and by receiving- 
 the facrament, the truth of his preceding engagement, that the dif- 
 ferences between the king and the duke of Lancafter fhall be determined in 
 parliament : on which the king confents to go with hirrw - 
 
 The author writes as follows : 
 
 itojg refponoi le conte, g^on feirmenr, 
 5fattcjs fac?e? le cojpss no(Uc fetgncur, 
 33e iuwv qu'il n'a point u fabein; 
 (fcntz fait cp, 
 
 Ct que U 2Duc le tcnja tout cuff 
 jSBue la mabE3 op comter icp* 
 €I;aftun oeul* la oebotement op 
 He mctTe oi?E. 
 
 &e tounte alo^ fang, plug ricns contour, 
 jfift Ie fE?etnent, fur le co?ps noffje ^ije, 
 CClajs ! Ie fane lui ocboit bcin fccf?i?c, 
 Cat; le cont?ai?e 
 
 feaboit U betn non otflant bolt U Fai?e 
 iLefe?ement, tel que mocs ret?at?e 
 ^our acompltr fon bolour, f par fafie 
 Cc qnc points 
 
 aboit au Due, qu'il ot au rop t?amiis; 
 Sinfi ft'jent ent^eulj leuv comprint?!, 
 H'un i»cnfoit mal, $ Vautje encojeg pi& 
 
 Which may be thus tranflated : 
 
 w Then anfwered the earl [of Northumberland] « My lord, make haly' 
 ^e. body of our Lord, and I will fwear that I have fpoke the truth in this 
 ^flatter, and that the duke [of Lancafter] will perform all which I have 
 
 declared/' 
 
$S REQAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 declared."— Then both the king and the earl heard the mafs devoutly. 
 The earl directly after, without the leaft hefitation, made oath upon the 
 body of our Lord. — Alas ! his blood might well run cold, when he knew 
 that the oath was contrary to his intentions, and only taken the better to 
 carry on his defign, in order to perform the promife he had made to betray 
 the king into the hands of the duke ; for promifes had paffed between them, 
 one of them thinking evilly, and the other ftill worfe." 
 
 The figure behind the king is in blue and gold ; the perfon with his hand 
 lifted up is in -red and gold, , a blue fleeve, and light linen j the figure 
 without is in pirik, and blue legs and feet, and the other difcouFfing with 
 him is in blue and gold ; theprieft.is in blue ftrip'd- with gold* the ftep 
 green, the cup gold, and the altar blue and gold ; the ground proper, and 
 the roof blue y -back .ground blue and gold. The king himfelf and North- 
 .umbeiland are habited as .before. 
 
 No. XXIX. 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND, 
 
 57 
 
 No. XXIX. 
 
 The KING Betrayed. 
 
 AS the king goes towards Chefter, he finds a party of foldiers belonging 
 to the earl of Northumberland placed in a valley, the earl (who had 
 gone before) being at their head; who tells the king he had placed thefe 
 men to guard him to Chefter, as the country was all in arms, &c. The 
 king, alarmed, offers to turn back; but the earl difiuades him from a mea- 
 fure which would reflect difhonour upon him, and prevails on him to take 
 fome refrefhment of bread and wine. 
 
 3Iufqua la tulle que la roclje aualct, 
 £ la quell batoit la Ijaulte mer, 
 S&'attttf code on ne poooit pallet, 
 $Jour la tocljaillc ; 
 SUnfi commit pallet batUe que bailie, 
 <®\i ettje mojt tout pamip la bataille 
 2dcsj gens Oh conte, qui fu ajme De matHc 
 (£t bene OuetL 
 
 — 3tnfi pajlant noug comunt, appjoc&iet 
 SDcult fi comme au tjatt D'un bon ajcl;iec, 
 Eo?0 le conte fe tin, agenoillier 
 ^ettoit a te??e, 
 
 £>ifant au top — 3Ie faousi aloie quc^e, 
 
 $oti o?oit feigneir, ne bous fcuetlle Difpleje 
 
 Car le papg eft eg meu pout le guc^e 
 
 Com oou0 fabc5, 
 
 Slum que meulr fote^ afleu?e5. 
 
 Hojs sitt le top, it fauffe bctn alle5 
 
 &ans tant oe genjs qui cp manned abe3. 
 
 " They rode from the town till they came to the rock, which on one 
 fide was beat by the high fea, and on the oiher there was no paflage becaufe 
 
 I of 
 
5 8 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 of the rock itfelf ; fo that when we had paffed.from valley to valley, we faw 
 the people of the earl ranged in battle array, armed in coats of mail. ■ 
 
 — — Thus fpeaking amongfl ourfelves (fays the author) we ap- 
 proached to them at the diftance of about a bow fhot, when the earl came, 
 and fell upon his knees on the ground, faying to the king, " My true lord, 
 be not difpleafed, for the country is up in arms, as you well know, and thefe 
 men are for your better guard." — When the king faid [for he faw that he 
 was betrayed] cc I could well have went without fo many people to attend 
 upon me as you have here commanded." 
 
 The bifhop behind the king in a Iky-blue cowl ; the figure at the king's 
 right hand pink and gold, and a red cap ; the firft right-hand foldier blue 
 and gold, the next red, and him behind in pink; the firft foldier on the 
 left a dark lead colour, the next pink, the next blue, and the laft red ; the 
 rock and the ground dark green,, back ground blue and red. The king 
 himfelf as before ; as is Northumberland, all except his armour, which h 
 of an iron colour, as are all the armours, 
 
 From the fame MS, as No. XX, . 
 
 No. XXX, - 
 
.ANTIQJUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 5* 
 
 No. XXX. 
 
 INTERVIEW between the DUKE of LANCASTER 
 and KING RICHARD. 
 
 THE king being come to Flint caftle, is refpeclfully faluted by the 
 duke of Lancailer, and there enfues a fhort conference. To relate 
 tills the more exactly, the author (who was prefent) has put it into profe. 
 As this hiftorical paflage is extremely curious, I have given it in the 
 author's own words, as follow : 
 
 Slpicss entja la Due on cljaftel, a?mc be touted pieces crcepte be bacinot,, commc 
 bom pobc? beoit en ctfte ptfotje ; lo?ss fill on cefcentyc le top, qui itsott ocfnc en 
 bonjon, | benit a I'encontje bu tmc l])en?j>, lc quel oe fi loing qu'il I'abifa s'en= 
 tltna aflcj bag a te?e, et en apjoucbant I'un tie I'autje il js'cnclina le fcconD foif , 
 fon eljapel en fa main. €t lo$ lc top otta fon cbappejon, ct pajla primer, Difsnt 
 en telle manic? c: 
 
 " 3!5cau coufin be Eancaffje, bona fotej le tjegbicn benu*" 
 
 tefponbi le Due %tu)\ entline allcg bass a tejje, 
 M 9£on feicjnent, je fat bcim pluftotft" que bottjs ne mabe5 manbe j la ratfou 
 pou?quop }'e le bouss Dijap. — ila commune renommec De botjc pruple Q rft telle, 
 flDue boujs Icaabe?, par I'cfpacc De 20 ou 22 ana, t?cte maubaifement ct trcs* 
 riffojeufement goubc?nc5, et tant qu'tl}, n'en font pass une content*— S*9aijs Oft 
 plaiff a not?c feigncur, it lc bous aiceiap a cjoubejnct meuU qu'il na effe gou= 
 bcjne le temps pafTe." 
 
 3lc top IRictja^t lut refponbi alo#, 
 
 M Beau coufin De Hancaffje, puts qu'il boug plaiff il nou0 plafff bien." 
 
 (tt fecfclt? be certain, que cc font le p?opjc0 pajolcg qu'iljs Dijcnt eulje Dcu* 
 enfcmblc, $c> 
 
 Literally thus in Englifh : 
 
 " After the duke entered the caftle, armed at all points except the 
 bacinet [helmet] as you may fee in this ftory. Then they caufed the kino- 
 to come down, who had dined in the Keep, that he might meet the duke 
 Henry, who, as far as he faw the king, bowed very low to the ground, and 
 
6© REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 as he approached, he bowed the fecond time, with his cap in his hand. 
 Then the king put off his hood, and fpake firft, faying in this manner c 
 " Fair coufin of Lancafher, you are very welcome." 
 
 Then anfwered the duke Henry, bowing very low to the ground/ 
 " My lord, I am come fooner than you commanded me ; the reafon why 
 X will tell you.— The common fame of your people is this, That you have, . 
 for the fpace of 20 or 22 years, treated them fo evilly, and fo very rigour- - 
 oufly governed them, that there is not one af them contented. — But if it 
 pleafe my lord, I will aid you to govern them better than they have been 1 
 governed in time paft." 
 
 Then the king Richard anfwered, 
 
 " Fair coufin of Lancafter, fince it pleafes you, it pleafes us well." . 
 
 And know for certain, that thefe.are the . very words which were faad by 
 thofe two together." 
 
 The earl of Salifbury is at the king's right -hand ; Merks, bifhop of 
 Carlifle, at his left. 
 
 The bifhop is in a fky-blue robe, and pink cowl ; the figure next him, at 
 his left, blue and gold ; firfl foldier behind Lancafter pink,- 'next 'red ; the 
 roofs of the houfes blue, and the turret red ; the back ground is red 3 with t 
 <<old flourifhes. The king, Lancafter and Salifbury,- as before* 
 
 This is from the fame MS. as No, XX, . . 
 
 No; XXXi; 
 
ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. XXXI. 
 
 KING RICHARD conveyed to LONDON. 
 
 THE duke of Lane after leads king Richard into London : they arc 
 met by the citizens.— The French author gives the following account 
 of this meeting :. 
 
 <Iiuant il apjouelje a 5 ou 6 mile pjctfDe la faille De nonW, U mafje, atom* 
 pafgnc De gjant qttanttte de communes, ojDonnc?, $ beffus tljafcun mctlier, pat 
 fop Be bibefci Djaptf, bopes f a^ibc? binDjcnt al'cnconrje dc Duc'!£en?p $ a gjant 
 quant; te D'inftjumcira 9 De tjompctrg Dcmenant, gjant joie $ cjant ronfolacion, 
 — €t la pajtoit on lefpee.Dcbant la Dit maitc, comme Dcbant le top, a raffamble 
 le falutient, et le Due l£en?p ap?W, au qu'el il5 fijenrtjop plug g?ant vebejence 
 qu'U n'aboanat fait au--rop, extant en- leur language, D'unr (jault boijr et 
 tfpoubentablE, " t&itoe It torn Due de ianrattje ! " Ct Difoit I'un a Taut^ 
 M ©ue EDieujc Uur aboit monUe beau miracle, quant il lur aboit enboie It hit 
 Due ; Et comment il aboit conqititf tout le ropaumt D'CEuglete^e en moina D'un 
 mopjef j tt que bein Deboit eff?e rop, qui ainfi g'aboit conqttejiu" <tt en leoient 
 et gjadernt not?e Seigneur moult Dcbotemcnt, Dtfant, flDue effort fa boulentc 
 tt que autrement, ne I'eult il pcu aboir fait/' dfouojcjs, Difotent leg foleset 
 incjcDtilcs gen?-, qtt'tl conquest une dc$ gjans pa?tie? Du mono, ft Ie compa- 
 roient Delia a SUiranDjc le C5?ant. Uinfi Dtfant et mcnopolant.— ^pjoucfjrjent 1 
 Be la bille ffcomme a Deut mile, Et la t'a^effa tout I'off D'une pajtie $ D'atttje; 
 lojjs Did Ie duc 1^En?p, mult jjautt, aux communes! De la Die - bille, " 25eaur 
 fetgwu?sf, beep Jjot?e-rop ! rega?DC3 que btais en bolc3 faije." (Et il jef refponDi= 
 tent, a liaute boiy, St $ous boles qu I foit mene $ ^£LUlt«ion£t?r + " — (£t ainfi le 
 tiue^enjip Dclibja fon D?oit feigncur au tiubc De Honrw,\ aSn telle que g'lljei h 
 
 faifotent moutfr, qu'tl pcuft Mir, " 3e fui innocent De ee fait ftp," 
 
 — 9. nu' etmuncjent leg comunes $ le tujbs De HonDjeg leur rop a Megmonffje* 
 et la Due toujna au tour De la bille- 
 
 In Englifh: 
 
 a When they approached within 5 or 6 miles of the city of London, 
 the mayor, accompanied with a great number of the common people, all- 
 in, order, and habited every one according to his trade, with divers flags,- ' 
 
 cams 
 
62 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 came thus far to meet the duke Henry ; with them they had many various 
 inftruments of mufic and trumpets, rejoicing exceedingly.— And before the 
 faid mayor they carried a fword, in like manner as is done before the king. 
 When the afTembly were arrived they faluted the king, and after him the 
 duke Henry, to whom they paid a greater reverence than they had done to 
 the king, crying aloud in their language, in a tumultuous manner, " Long 
 live the good duke of Lancafter ! " And then they faid one to another, 
 '* This is a fair miracle which God had ftiown to them, in fending the 
 aforefaid duke and how he had conquered all England in lefs than the 
 fpace of one month ; and that he ought furely to be king, who fo well knew 
 how to conquer." And then they thanked our Lord very devoutly, faying, 
 " That it was his will that thefe things fhould be fo, or elfe they could not 
 have been done." And again, thefe foolifh and credulous people faid, that 
 he had conquered a great part of the world, and compared him with 
 Alexander the Great. In this manner talked they and boafted.— As they 
 came near the city, at the diftance of about two miles, all of them made a 
 ftop, as well one part as the other ; and then duke Henry fpake aloud to 
 the common people of the faid city, faying, " Good people, behold here 
 your king ! fee what you will do with him." And they anfwered, with loud 
 voices, " We will have him led to Weftminfter." — And fo duke Henry 
 delivered his true lord to the common people and mob of London, that if 
 in the end they Ihould put him to death, he might fay, s< I am innocent 
 
 of this deed."-* 
 
 — And fo the commons and mob of London conducted their king to 
 Weftminfter, and the duke turned to the tower of the city." 
 
 The principal citizen is in pink, and his hofe are green ; the figure before 
 him is in green, him behind in red, and the next to him in blue; the firft 
 (right hand) foldier is in a deep lead colour, the next in blue, and the third 
 in lead colour ; the firft of the two that appear above is in pink and gold, 
 and the next red and gold : the ground proper ; the roof of the building is 
 red, and the back ground blue and gold. 
 
 From the fame MS. as No. XX. 
 
 No. XXXII. 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. % 
 No. XXXIL 
 
 XING RICHARD resigns his CROWN and STATE, 
 
 THIS plate is copied from an illumination found in an old tranfcript of 
 Froifarts chronicle, in the Royal Library, which feems, by the hand, 
 to have been written towards the latter end of the reign of Henry the Sixth. 
 The original is done with good tafte (confidering the poor ftate of the art at 
 that time) and is well finilhed. Great pains appears to have been taken with 
 the faces in particular, which may juftly lead one to conclude that they 
 were done from fomething of authority, though they are not quite fo ancient 
 as the point Of hiftory they are defigned to illuftrate. 
 
 The prefent plate before us reprefents king Richard the Second in 
 his royal robes, refigning his crown and icepter into the hands of Henry- 
 duke of Lancafter, who received them with much pretended diffidence ana 
 humility. The perfons prefent at this refignation were, Thomas Arundel, 
 archbifhop of Canterbury ; Richard Scrope, archbifhop of York ; John, 
 bifhop of Hereford; Henry, earl of Northumberland ; Ralph Nevil, earl 
 of Weftmorland ; Thomas, lord Berkley; William, abbot of Weftminfter ; 
 John, prior of Canterbury; William Thyrning, Hugh Burnell, Thomas 
 Erpingham, and Thomas Grey, knights ; John Markham, juftice ; Thomas 
 Stow and John Burbage, doctors of civil law ; Thomas Ferely and Denis 
 Lopeham, public notaries. 
 
 This fcene was tranfactcd at the king's lodgings, he being then a prifoner 
 in the tower of London.— See a full account of the whole ceremony in 
 Holingfhead's chronicle. 
 
 This being the end of Lancafter's ambition, unfortunate Richard was 
 deprived of his dignity, and fhortly after of his life. This prince was 
 uncommonly imprudent in his conduct ; however, he wanted not his flat- 
 terers.— The French author, to whom we are indebted for fo many of the 
 foregoing plates, is very lavifh in his encomiums upon this unhappy man; 
 and, after having defcribed his amiable qualities and accomplishments, he 
 mentions his genius for poetry, which I believe has efcaped all other 
 hiftorians. His words are ' 
 
 <£t Q fats oit balatcjs ? cI;anron?, 
 JRonDeaulr f latj, 
 
 Mn $ M. 
 
 " And he alfo made ballads and fongs, rondeaus and poems, fairly and 
 well" 
 
 The 
 
£ 4 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 The king's robe is a deep blue, and his clofe coat a deepifh pink : 
 Lancafter is in a deep pink : the figure behind him is in blue, with yellow 
 fleeves and cape : that behind is in pink ; and the man with a boot is in 
 green, with red fleeves and blue hofe ; his boot is yellow, and his cap is 
 green : the figure in front is in pink, blue hofe and a red cap i and that 
 behind has a blue cap, pink coat and red hofe: both the figures with the 
 rolls are in pink, fitting on green benches : the figure in the cowl (next the 
 king) is in purple, and the next is in a dark blue loofe coat and purple hofe, 
 with a green cap the other figure (difcourfing with him) is in red j and the 
 figure in the door-way has on a pink coat and red hofe. The .whole of the 
 room, throne, and the ftep, are green ; the fky through the windows blue, 
 and the canopy and hangings to the throne red and gold j the pavement ii 
 •light and dark red j the crown, fcepter, collars, &c. are gold. 
 
 The MS. from which this is taken, is. marked i § E. 2» 
 
 No. XXXIII. 
 
ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 65 
 
 No. XXXIII. 
 
 The PARLIAMENT in which LANCASTER was 
 
 Elected KING. 
 
 AReprefentation of the parliament in which Richard's refignation of the 
 crown was declared, and the duke of Lancafter recognized for king : 
 the fpiritual lords fit on the right hand of the throne, the temporal lords 
 (knights, &c.) on the left : Lancafter is in black behind.— Their particular 
 perfons may be known from the following quotation from the author : 
 
 Hntt fijcnt leur aflamblcc, 
 $M eftolt De mal enpenfcc, 
 a ©Elemonffjc, l;o??s Is billc. 
 And afterwards, 
 Ctntout le Dit Ccge afe3 pjcs 
 CStfotcnt lcs$ pjcia^ aflis, 
 2Dc qttop il p atott plus tic fitf, 
 2D'aut?e colle toute les feigncu^, 
 <*3?an£S mopcnief petij tt mcntu??, 
 
 par oiDonnance belle, 
 j©ncqucs n'op pajlcr Dc telle : 
 
 $>?cmie# feoit lc Due l^cn;p," 
 <£t puis tout aii plug p?cs De lj? 
 3lc Due 3Dioje, fon beau eotiGn, 
 i©ut n'aboit pass le ctter tjop fin 
 
 fon ncpuou la rop fticljajt. 
 3p?e0, Dc cede mefme pa?t, 
 He Due 3Dauma?le fe feoit, 
 £Eiut fil? a Duc©io?c cttoit ; 
 <£t puijEt le bon Due De &oulD?ar, 
 3£ui fu tou$j'cu?s loyal ct Djaj?. 
 Spies feoit le Due SDcrceffje, 
 ne Detroit pass jopeuj,* cOge, 
 
 K 
 
 Car il Deoit Detant lp fatjc 
 3La pa?eil pour le rop Dcffaire, 
 fl&ui effoit fon fjcje remain ; 
 De cc fair au Coin tt au main 
 Slboient tous gjant boulentc* 
 SJpjes?, eftoit De te coffe, 
 WLn autjc, qui ot non le majquis, 
 feeigneut elicit De g?ant pate 
 (ft pui0, lc conte 2D'ajonDel, 
 £Tiul ett afTe? june et pfneL 
 3p?egiDe iisojnlcle conte 
 &e fti pas otibli'e ou eompte 
 3uffi, nefucil De Ia$©aje&e, 
 i&pjegs jot D'unc, aut?e g^clje, 
 (Lin qui fu conte De fetanfo?D, 
 He quel n'aimoit pag la concede 
 2De fon fcigncur le rop Eicljajt. 
 C^ncor, feoit De telle pajt, 
 fan qui juop afes nommer 
 Conte De|pancb?ac etli5er ; 
 ftt tout au plug pjes De celp 
 &'itt lc conrc De £>alfebery, 
 snai fu loyal jufqua k g n , 
 SDuant ama le rop Dc mcr fin. 
 
66 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 %t conte SDumcffal p fit, JLe tonte tic j|3o?tljombetfant, 
 
 fe>i tontme je lap entenDii, (fit lc conte De fliffleftmetf ant* 
 
 ^ousrautjcjj contejs rt fetcjneu?0, 'fcoutc jour en cttant fanss fotr, 
 €t m topaume led g;eisneu?0j <£t pour micttljr faije leur cebotr 
 
 Cttotent a cctle affemblec fea genoilloient moult foubent ; 
 
 SJtans brulcnte et penfee 3c ne faj? poiqquo?, ne comment* 
 
 SDc0Ujc la un autje top. 
 Ula cftoient, par btl atop, 
 
 In Englilh: 
 
 . ff And they made their evil-minded affembly at Weftminfter, without 
 the city. — Round about near the throne fat the prelates, and on the other 
 fide were all the nobles of the land, from the greateft to the leaft, feated in 
 jiiil order, as I fhall proceed to ifiow : 
 
 Firft fat duke Henry, and clofe to him the duke of York, his coufin, 
 whofe heart was not faithful to his nephew Richard. After him, on the 
 fame fide, fat the duke of Aumarle, the fon of the duke of York - } and alfo 
 the good duke of Surrey, who was always true and loyal. After him fat 
 the duke of Exeter, who had no caule of joy, becaufe they were there 
 making the neceffary preparations to dethrone the king, who was his brother 
 in law ; for the people were all of them refolved upon this act. After him, 
 on the fame fide, fat another who bore the name of marquis, a lord of great 
 poffeffion alfo, the earl of Arundel, a fair young man. After him the earl 
 of Norwich ought not to be forgot, nor him of March. Befides thefe, 
 there was another called the earl of Stamford, who fought not the peace of 
 his lord king Richard. Again, upon that fame fide, I ought to name the 
 earl of Pembroke and Bury and clofe to him fat the earl of Salifbury, who 
 was loyal to the laft, and loved the king with a faithful heart. The earl of 
 Dunftable was alfo there, as I heard, as well as all the other earls and lords; 
 the chief of the realm 3 and they were met in this affembly with the thoup-ht 
 and defire to fet up another king.— With them, and moved by the fame 
 defire, was the earl of Northumberland, and the earl of Weftmorland. Thefe 
 two continued all the time without being feated, and, the better to exprefs 
 their duty, were often kneeling ; but I know not in what manner, or to 
 what purpofe." The bifhops are not named. 
 
 The throne is red and gold ; Lancafter as before in No. XXXI. The 
 figure next him is all in gold the next to him is in blue, and a brown cap ; 
 and the next red and gold flowers, with a blue cap ; the next in purple and 
 gold, and a green cap and red feet : the ftep is blue. The earl of North- 
 umberland ({landing on the right) is in blue and gold, lined with white, and 
 red fleeves; the earl of Weftmorland (on the left) is in green. The bifhop 
 next the throne is in black, and a brown cowl ; the next fky blue ; the next 
 deep blue ; the next red ; and the next deep blue again ; and the part that 
 appears of another figure is pink. The roof on the top is red, and back 
 ground to it blue flowered with gold. The building is of a lead colour, 
 and the cieling blue. 
 
 This is from the fame MS. as No. XX. . I 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 67 
 
 T Here take the liberty to break into the regular fenes of monarchs and hifto- 
 rical facts, to introduce fome few interefting portraits of great perfonages, 
 who flourifhed in fome of the foregoing reigns. Moft of them are from the 
 catalogue of benefactors to the abbey of St. Alban's ■* which catalogue feems 
 to have been begun by the monks there, about the latter end of the reign 
 of Richard the Second, and was finifhed in the life-time of king Henry the 
 Sixth.— In it are preferved many well-Hnimed portraits of the charitable 
 contributors to the above abbey. 
 
 A great many of the illuminations in this MS. were drawn by the hand of 
 Alan Strayler, who it feems was a defigner and painter.— Weever fpeaks 
 of him as follows : 
 
 " I had like to have forgotten Alan Strayler, the painter or limner out 
 of pictures, in the Golden Regifter," [the MS. above-mentioned was fo 
 called] " of all the benefactours to this abbey ; who, for fuch his paines 
 (howfoever he was well payed) and for that he forgave three (hillings four- 
 pence of an old debt owing unto him for colours, is thus remembered : 
 
 Nomcn pictoris Alanus Strayler, habetur 
 Qui fine fine choris celeftibus affocietur." 
 
 <c The painter's name is Alan Strayler, who mail be received as a com~ 
 panion of the heavenly choir for ever." f 
 
 In the MS. itfelf, the portrait of this painter occurs with the mention 
 made of his forgiving the debt, as declared above, as well as thefe verfes. 
 
 No. XXXIV. 
 
 QJJ EEN MATILDA, 
 
 IS the portrait of " ^attlDtgi l^glna/' the pious queen, firft wife to king 
 Henry the Firft, who in her youth was brought up in a nionaftic way of 
 life, and on her advancement beftowed feveral liberal donations on many 
 abbeys, convents, &c. She was daughter to Malcolme the Third, king of 
 Scotland : her mother was Margaret, daughter to Edward, the fon of 
 
 * This book is in the Cotton library, and is marked Nero, D. VII. 
 t Ancient Funeral Monuments, page 578. 
 
 K 2 Edmund 
 
68 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 Edmund Ironfides, king of England. — Holingfhead gives the following 
 
 account of this Matilda : 
 
 fC And ere long they confidered how Edgar, king of Scotland, had a fifter 
 namedMaud, a beautiful lady and of virtuous conditions, who was a profeffed 
 nunn in a religious houfe, to the end fhe might avoid the ftorms of the 
 world, and lead her life in more fecurity, after her father's deceafe. This 
 woman, notwithstanding her vow, was thought to be a meet bedfellow for 
 the king ; therefore he fent ambaffadors to her brother Edgar, requiring 
 him that he might have her in marriage. But fhe refuting fuperftitioufly at 
 the firft to break her profeflion or vow, would not hear of the offer : where- 
 withal king Henry being the more enflamed, fendeth new embaffadors, to 
 move the fame in more earneft fort than before ; infomuch that Edgar, 
 upon the declaration of their embaffy, fet the abbefs of the houfe wherein 
 Ihe was enclofed, in hand to perfuade her to the marriage, the which fo 
 effectually declared unto her, in fundry wife, how neceffary, profitable and 
 honourable this fame fhould be, both to her country and kindred, did fo 
 prevail at laft, that the young lady granted willingly to the marriage.--- 
 Hereupon fhe was conveyed into England, and married to the king, who 
 caufed the archbifhop Anfelm to crown her queen, on faint Martin's day, 
 which fell, as that year come about, upon the Sunday, being the eleventh 
 of November, A. D. i ioo." 
 
 Her clofe drefs is a very dark pink ; and her robe a deep red, lined with 
 white, crofs'd with pink : her head drefs is white, and a gold crown: the 
 cufhion to the feat is red, the feat ftone-colour ; the back ground light 
 yellow, flowered with purple, and the frame a deep purple. 
 
 No. XXXV. 
 
ANTIQJUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. XXXV. 
 
 JOAN, PRINCESS of WALES* 
 
 HIS plate reprefents Joan, countefs of Kent, who was the wife of 
 .1 Edward die Black Prince, and married to him in the year 136 1. 
 
 Speed gives us the following account: 
 
 " Edward, the eldeft fon of king Edward the Third, and born at Wood- 
 firock, July 15, the 3d year of his father's reign, A. D. 1329, was created 
 prince of Wales, duke of Aquitaine and Cornwall, and earl of Chefter : he 
 was alfo earl of Kent in right of this lady, who was the molt admired lady 
 of that age, daughter of Edmond earl of Kent, brother by the father's fide 
 to king Edward the Second. She had been twice married before firft, to 
 the valient earl of Salisbury, from whom fhe was divorced ; next, to the 
 lord Thomas Holland ; after whofe deceafe, this prince, paflionately loving 
 her, did marry her. By her he had iflue two fons : Edward, the eldeft, 
 born at Angolefme, who died at feven years of age ; and Richard, born at 
 Burdeaux, who after his father's death was prince of Wales, and after the 
 death of his grandfather (king Edward the Third) king of England." 
 
 The prefent portrait, which is the only one of this princefs that I have 
 found, is extremely well finifhed. She holds in her hand the box of gold 
 which me gave to the abbey. Her drefs is very curious, though nothing 
 can be faid in praife of its elegance. 
 
 Her clofe drefs is cloth of gold flowered, with red ornaments. The robe 
 which comes over her moulders, and alfo falls down, covering her knees, 
 is red, enrich'd with purple flowers ; this robe is lined with ermine. The 
 
 box. 
 
7 o REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 box is gold, which fhe holds in her left hand. Her head-drefs appears to 
 be a pure white j and the three parts of an under veil which is feen hanging 
 over her forehead and cheeks, is like a fine lawn. Her feat is of a ftone 
 colour ; the back ground is dark and light blue, flowered j and the frame 
 which encompafTes the whole is red and white. 
 
 No. XXXVI. 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 71 
 
 No. XXXVL 
 
 CONSTANCE, QJJEEN of CASTILE. 
 
 TH E firft of the two portraits reprefented on this plate is Conftance, 
 eldeft daughter of Peter, king of Caftile and Leon. She was married 
 A. D. 1372, to John of Gaunt, duke of Lancafter (fourth fon of Edward 
 the Third) who, in right of his wife, took upon him the title of " King 
 of Castile and Leon." She died A. D. 1394. 
 
 Holingfhead writes as follows : 
 
 " In this xlvi. yeare, the duke of Lancafter, being as then a widower, 
 maried the lady Conftance, eldeft daughter to Peter king of Spaine, which 
 was flayne by the baftarde brother Henrie (as before ye have heard). 
 
 " Alfo the lorde Edmonde, earle of Cambridge, maried the ladye Ifabell, 
 fifter to the fame Conftance. Their other fifter, named Beatrice, affianced 
 to Don Ferdinando, fonne to Peter king of Portingale, was departed this 
 life a little before this tyme, at Bayonne, where they were all three left as 
 hoftages by theyr father, when the prince went to bring him home into his 
 country (as before ye may reade). 
 
 " FroilTart writeth, that the duke maried the ladie Conftance in Gafcoigne, 
 and that fhortly after he returned into England with his fayde wife, and hir 
 fifter, leaving the Capital de Bueffz, and other lordes of Gafcoigne and 
 Poi6tou, in charge with the rule of thofe countrys. By reafon of that 
 manage, the duke of Lancafter, as in right of his wife, being the elder 
 fifter, caufed himfelf to be intituled king of Caftile, and his fayde wife 
 queene of the fame realme." 
 
 MARGARET, DUCHESS of NORFOLK. 
 
 Hp H E fecond portrait is Margaret, duchefs of Norfolk, daughter to 
 Thomas of Brotherton, fifth fon of Edward the Firft. She was twice mar- 
 'ried. Her firft hufband was John lord Segrave, who died in the 27th year 
 of Edward the Third by whom fhe had no iffue. Then fhe was re-married 
 to her fecond hufband, Sir Walter Manny, knight of the garter, lord of 
 
 the • 
 
72 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 the town of Manny, in the diocefe of Cambray : him fhe alfo out-lived, 
 and died the 24th of March, in the firft year of Henry the Fourth. She 
 put in her claim to the marfhalfhip of England, at the coronation of Richard 
 the Second. (See page 32.) 
 
 The clofe drefs of Conftance is a deep red bound with gold, and a white 
 bracelet on her arm ; the garment Ihe holds up is a crimfon red ; her head 
 drefs is white, and the four balls are gold : the back ground blue, white, 
 and gold ; the frame blue, the corners gold, and the purfe white. 
 
 The robe and head drefs of the duchefs of Norfolk are white s the purfe 
 is gold ; the back ground blue., white and gold ; and the frame red, with 
 gold corners. 
 
 No. XXXVII. 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 7 <t 
 
 No. XXXVIL 
 
 CHAUCER. 
 
 THIS portrait of Chaucer is preferved in a book written by his difciple 
 Occleve, or Hoccleve, who was fome time keeper of the privy 
 fignet office.* He, out of love and refpect to his dead mafter, caufed this 
 portrait to be done, which is pointing to thefe lines : 
 
 8no tljougrj Tji0 Ipfe be quepnt, tbc rcfemblaunce 
 
 jDfljtnt in me tratlj fo f^efstje Ipffpncffe, 
 
 C&at to ptttte otljje men in tememtyattnee 
 
 0t pc2fonc, 3 IjaDc beeje Jus Ipfencfle 
 
 g>oo maoe to tfnjs cnb, in foti) falfnefle, 
 
 ^I;at tljei tljat I)auc of Ijtm left tTjougctit anb mpnbe, 
 
 25? tW pcpntuje ma? agcyn f)im fynbt* 
 
 Chaucer is often called, by our Englifli hiftorians, the Prince of Poets. 
 His parents are not known ; yet certain it is, that he was in great efteem at 
 court in the reign of Edward the Third, &c. and his works are, even now, 
 much refpected, notwithftanding their homely ftile and obfolete terms, 
 through which moft of their antient beauty is loft. He was married to the 
 daughrer of Payne Roet, knight, and died A. D. 1400, astat. fui yo.f 
 
 Take alfo the following lines written by the fame Hoccleve in praife of 
 Chaucer, his deceafed mafter. This is extracted from his poem, intituled 
 <£ De Regimine Principis." 
 
 But toelatoap, fo is mine lja?t tuoc, 
 *2TI)dt tl;c Ijonour of CngUflj tongue is beeb, 
 4Df \Dl)ieIj J loom tnais counfaile ijabc anb reeb» 
 
 * This MS. is preferved in the Harleian library, marked 4866 
 t Granger Biog. Hilt. 
 
 
 
REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 mallet 5e?e, ant) fatye tcbejent ! 
 
 matter Cljaucer, flotfye of eloquence, 
 s@i??ot of ftudnottut entenocment $ 
 £D unibetfaU faDje of ftience \ 
 3laf£ ! that thou tljinc excellent pjuoence 
 3n tfjp oeD mortal nUjrjhtctt not bequeath* 
 Mat eplo SDeatfj . ? alafe / to&p tooulD (tie the fle t 
 $ j©eat|, that Di&efl: not fjajme Angler in flau^^ter of Jjlm» 
 OSut aU tie lano fmejtetrj / 
 But natlrtcCte M thou no notoet W name fle 
 ^ig f»it betttte affejtetfj 
 <&nflaine fjo tljec, totjich ap tig Ufelp Ijetfetfj, 
 attit-b booker of f)te oton ojnat enotting, 
 Uljat i$ to all tW lanD enlumtmn£, 
 
 he figure is in a dark lead-coloured garment, and the back ground if 
 
 No. XXXVIII, 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND, 
 
 No. XXXVIII. 
 
 CORONATION of HENRY the FOURTH. 
 
 **T^ HIS plate reprefents the coronation of king Henry the Fourth, which 
 -l ceremony was performed by Thomas Arundel, archbifhop of Canter- 
 bury, and Richard Scrope, archbifhop of York, at Weftminfter. It is great 
 pity that the reft of the attendants (which doubtlefs are likeneffes of many 
 of the principal perfonages of the realm) mould, for want of a proper 
 defcription (by the author) be loft to the world. The figure kneeling in 
 front, perhaps, may be defigned to reprefent the abbot of Weftminfter, 
 holding the great milTal book, while the archbifhop performs the facred 
 fervice. 
 
 c< In the morrow (fays Holingfhead) being faint George's day, and 13th 
 of October, A. D. 1399, the lord mayor of London road towards the 
 Tower to attend the king, with diverfe worftiipfull citizens clothed all in 
 red ; and from the Tower the king ridde through the citie unto Weftmin- 
 fter, where he was facred, annoynted, and crowned king, by the archbifhop 
 of Canterburie, with all the ceremonies and royall folemnitie as was due and 
 requifite. 
 
 " And at the day of his coronation (as fayth Hall) becaufe he would not 
 have it thought that he took upon him the crowne without good title and 
 right therunto had, therefore he caufed it to be proclaymed and publilhed, 
 that he challenged the realme not only by conqueft, but alfo that he was 
 by king Richard adopted as heyre, and declared fucceffor of hym, and by 
 refignaticfn had accepted the crowne and fcepter ; and alfo that he was next 
 heire male of the blood royall to king Richarde. 
 
 " Though all other rejoyced at his advancement, yet furely Edmonde 
 Mortimer, earle of March, which was coufin and heyre to Lionell duke of 
 Clarence, the third begotten fonne of king Edward the Third, and Richard 
 earle of Cambridge, fonne to Edmonde duke of York, which he had maried 
 Anne, fifter to the fame Edmonde, where with thefe doings neither pleafed 
 nor contented ; infomuch that now the devifon once begon, the one linage 
 ceaffed not to perfecute the other, till the heyres males of both the lynes 
 were clearly deftroy'd and extinct." 
 
 The 
 
76 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 The king's robe is blue, and his clofe coat purple. The archbilhop on 
 his right hand is in red, bordered with gold, and a white clofe garment ; 
 his mitre is white, ftriped, and flowered with gold. The other archbifhop 
 is in deep pink, and white fleeves and gloves. The figure next him is in 
 purple, and the other figure between them red; both have green caps. The 
 herald is counter-changed, blue and red ; his armour black and white. The 
 figure kneeling is in light green, holding a red book : the part of a figure 
 behind the column (to the right) is in red, and a purple cap; the firft. whole 
 figure purple, and a blue cap ; the next blue, and a purple cap ; and the 
 figure between them is red, and has a green cap.. The front figure on the 
 other fide is in pink, and a blue cap; and the figure behind him is in blue. 
 The throne behind is blue and gold, and the ftep and pavement green, as is 
 all the background : the fky is blue; the columns are light blue,, topp'd 
 with ilone colour. 
 
 This plate is taken from a curious MS. of Froififart's chronicle, an account 
 of which is given under No. XXXII. this plate being alfo from the fame 
 book, and mark'd 18 E. 2.. 
 
 No. XXXIX. 
 
ANTIQUITIES Of ENGLAND. 
 
 77 
 
 No. XXXIX. 
 KING HENRY the FOURTH and his COURT. 
 
 THE valuable original of this plate is preferved in a large folio book, 
 intituled " Keg I mine ^rlncipig," which was tranflated from the Latin 
 by Hoccleve, the difciple of Geofry Chaucer, as is fuppofed at the com- 
 mand of king Henry the Fourth. There is alfo bound up in the fame 
 volume, another book, written in a hand of the fame date, and very like 
 each other, intituled " CaiijeffuS DC re militant," the conclufion of which 
 MS. is jhus fet forth in old Englifh : 
 
 ^z\t cntJctl; trje book tfoat cltjfejl clepnfn, in ILatpne, ClTijcfiug be re mtl«'ta?i ; 
 toe, of QQfgffiug of Debus of fenpgtljf^, Wjt trjl;irl)c book toass t?anflateD ano 
 tumeb from llatpn into GEngliflje, at trje ojDonnance anD bpDDpncj.c of tl;e rcor* 
 tine toorfl)cpwl lo?D &ije flfltjomasJ of Bejkelep, to jnet Difpojt ano balpaunce cf 
 lojbes ant) alle too?tfjie taewpou??,. tfjat ben apafleD bp roep of age al labour ano 
 tjabailltng, ant) to gjete information ano fcfbinrj of ponge lojbesf anDknpcjhtcr, 
 tljat ben luftp, ano lobes to be?e ano fee ant) to ufc Debus of anncs ano cljibalipe C: 
 — Wat tujnpuge of tins book into c£ngltu>, teas tojetton ant) enrjcb in tngilc of 
 3Ubaletoe?i, tbe pear of our £ojb a tljoufanD fou;c IjttnDjcD anD cu;l)tc, tl;e X 
 pear of fcing l^enjp tl;e Jf o^tfje : r <Eo fjtm anD to ujs alte <£od gjaunt g?are of cur 
 offenbpnge, fpace to our amcnDpnge, anD \\$ face to fcen at ouje niDpng :.3nun. 
 — -%\)\$ \$ 10 name tbat tujncb tf)ig boofc from Latpn into (£ngliu>,. 
 
 ©mojftljerjful J"~~} tonn. 
 
 ■ 1 //// 
 
 Which emblematical figure I muft own I cannot at all explain, but without 
 doubt it is meant to exprefs the name of the tranflator. 
 
 As the hands of thefe two different MSS. do fo well agree, and this laft 
 is thus dated, there is not much doubt to be made of the firft being written 
 nearly at the fame time ; if fo, 'tis moft likely that it was not only done 
 while Hoccleve lived, but that it was alfo . the prefent book given to the 
 king, which feems to be confirmed by the illumination. The king is here 
 reprefented habited in his royal robes, in prefence of his court, receiving 
 the book prefented to him by Hoccleve, who is kneeling before him : but 
 
 ftilL 
 
7 8 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 itill here we meet with the fame unhappy, difficulty, in not being able t£t 
 determine who the particular attendant perfons are. 
 
 This book is in the Bodleian library at Oxford.* 
 
 The king fits on a throne of gold, fhadowed with red ; his robe is blue, 
 lined with ermine ; and the figure kneeling is in a dark lead colour: the 
 perfon next him is in red, and the cape of his cloak is blue and gold ; the 
 cap red, ornamented with a precious ftone : the next figure is in white and 
 blue, a black girdle ftudded with gold, hat and hofe of a dark lead colour. 
 The firft of the three figures to the right is in light pink, blue mantle and 
 a white cape, black cap and fhoes, and white gloves ; the middle figure is 
 in a very dark-coloured garment, girdle ftudded with gold, and blue hat j 
 the laft figure is in white and pink, gold ftudded girdle, and a reddifti- 
 coloured hood. The back ground is red and gold. 
 
 •* It is marked Digby, 233. 
 
 No. XL, 
 
ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. XL. 
 
 HENRY the FIFTH. 
 
 TH E illumination from which this plate is copied, is in a book written 
 in old French, preferved in the library of Bennet (otherwife Corpus 
 Ghristi) college, Cambridge. The book itfelf is a tranllation of cardinal 
 Bonaventura's Life of Chrift, made by John de Galopes, dean of the colle- 
 giate church of St. Louis in Normandy. 
 
 I here take the liberty of thanking the Reverend Mr. Tyfon, fellow" 
 of the above college, to whom I am obliged not only for the pointing out, 
 and procuring me the ufe of, this valuable MS. but alfo for the trouble he 
 took in fhewing me whatever he thought might be curious, or ufeful to my 
 undertaking, during my flay at that Univerfity. This ingenious gentleman, 
 among feveral other curious works, etched an outline of this very illumina- 
 tion, and printed a concife account of it, to prefent to his friends from 
 which I have borrowed the following intelligence : 
 
 " The picture reprefents John de Galopes, the tranflator, offering his 
 book, covered with crimfon velvet, to that moft glorious prince, king 
 Henry the Fifth, who is feated on his throne, which is blue fringed with 
 gold, and powdered with the gold text letter S. This (Mr. Tyfon con- 
 ceives) may perhaps mean Soveravne, as that word appears frequently on 
 the tomb of his father at Canterbury. On the king's right hand ftand two 
 ecclefiaftics : he on the fore-ground holds in his hand a black cap, called 
 Mortier by the French,, and, always worn by their chancellors and preli- 
 dents a mortier." 
 
 Then Mr. Tyfon tells us, that a learned friend of his fufpects it may be 
 the famous cardinal Lewis de Luxemburgh, chancellor of France and bifhop 
 of Terounne, afterwards archbifhop of Rouen, and perpetual adminiftrator 
 of the diocefe of Ely. He died at Hatfield, September the 1 8 th, 1443. 
 
 Among feveral proofs offered by this learned gentleman of the genuine- 
 nefs of the portrait, thefe feem to be very ftriking ones. Firft, that the 
 difpofition of the figures, the drawing and the colouring of this miniature, 
 all fhew the hand of an able artift. Next, it appears that the book, in 
 which this illumination is preferved, was originally prefented to the king 
 himielf, and was afterwards his property. — " This (continues my author) is 
 
 another 
 
go REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 another mark of the refemblance being genuine ; for it cannot be fuppofed 
 that the author would have prefented the king with fo laboured a miniature 
 of his majefty, if he had not been able to procure a real likenefs." 
 
 At the end of the book, in a round hand, of the time of Henry the Eighth, 
 or queen Elizabeth, is written this entry : 
 
 CMS toafle fumtpme utrtffe f^etm tl;e jFtfetb W boo&e-, We!} container!) tt;c 
 \yft of C^ifi, fc tlje pfalmcg of tjje pafyajcljcsf ant) p^opTjetesi ^ tlje pfalmess of 
 t\)z p?opl)ct £)at>it) omittfa* 
 
 spam ££ttlettt notes*, tfeotijfje fomc tbingeg, toaienge tlje tpme, map be 
 amende. EcDe, juogt, anD tljanft (Bob for a better UcrjE)t» 
 
 The king's robe is crimfon, lined with white ; liis collar is gold, and 
 his girdle is of the fame ; his leg is black, with the garter gold. The two 
 ecclefiaftics are in a lightim pink. The officer holding the mace is in a 
 fhort green coat j one leg is red, and the other white. John de Gallopes is 
 in light purple, and. the book is crimfon. The throne is blue, powdered 
 with the gold letter S. The back ground is blue and gold; and the pave- 
 ment is chequer-work of green, yellow, black and white. 
 
 No, XLL 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. XLI. 
 
 KING HENRY the SIXTH and his PARLIAMENT 
 
 at BURY. 
 
 REPRESENTS William Curteis, abbot of St. Edmund's-Bury 
 abbeys preferring to king Henry the Sixth a book tranflated out of 
 the Latin, by John Lidgate, a monk there, which the king receives feated 
 on his throne, furrounded by his court : this was tranfacted at Bury, while the 
 king held his Chriftmas there. It is very likely that the two figures, one 
 on the king's left hand, and the other behind the fword-bearer, who are 
 both of them covered, are the king's two uncles, John Duke of Bedford, 
 regent of France, and Humphry duke of Glocefter, third and fourth fons 
 of Henry the Fourth. 
 
 This book * contains the life of St. Edmund, king of the Eaft Angles, 
 and is illuftrated with many beautiful pictures, reprefenting the principal 
 accidents of the hiftory. At the beginning is Lidgate's prologue, which 
 runs thus : 
 
 flfllrjtn 3 fi?ff cjan on tfjfe t?anflacton> 
 3|t toajs tljc peer bp computation, 
 
 Mljen 0Ftc in W effat rotal, 
 With fjtjs fteptje of gncjlanu ano of foanct, 
 
 ^celD at 23u?p the ftffc p^nctpal 
 flDf C^tffemelTe, tutt^i full g?et fjabunDance •, 
 SlnD afttr tbat lift to babe plefance, 
 3$ Iji0 confail gan for tym pjobiDe 
 Htylt in tW place tiU ^eftejrcc for to abtoe. 
 
 • This book is preferred in the Harlcian Library, and is marked 2278. 
 
 M 
 
 And 
 
U REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL. 
 
 And then he goes on, 
 
 31n tfote mater tffone to no mo?e to fepu, 
 
 £>auf to tbe ftpng for to Do plcfancc, 
 %ty abbot Mlliam, bis intmble cljapclejm, 
 
 CM me in cbajge to no mjn attendance 
 
 'Elje noble ft&jp to Mandate in fubftance 
 flDut of latpn, aftfr mj? feunnpng, 
 C&e in ful pujpofe to gibe it to tfje fepnp> 
 
 And this appears to be the very book which was prefented to the king.*' 
 
 The king's robe is a light brown, and his clofe coat is gold : he is feated 
 on a throne of light grey, with a dark pink canopy. The firft figure, on 
 his left hand, is entirely drefled in gold; the next in a light brown, with 
 white flowers, edged with gold, and a deep pink cap. The fword-bearer 
 is in dark brown, with light flowers : the figure behind him is entirely in, 
 gold, with a pink cap .; and the figure befide him is in a light pink. All-; 
 the ecclefiaftics are in black. The feven figures at the bottom are in a 
 white, fliaded with a dirty pink. The book prefented to the king, is red; 
 the other, held by the monk, gold; and that on the ftand in front, blue 
 the ftand is brown, and the candlefticks are gold. The pavement is light 
 and dark green ; the building that furrounds them is brown, and the iky a: 
 deep blue. The frame is light and dark pink.. 
 
 1 See the Harleian Catalogue, . No. 2278V 
 
 No. XLII.. 
 
A N T 1 QJJ I T I E 9 Of PiNGtAND. 
 
 No. XLII. 
 
 KING HENRY the SIXTH, and LIDGAT E. 
 
 TH I S is from a MS. in the Bodleian library, Oxford, and reprefcnts 
 John Lidgate, the author, prefenting it to king Henry the Sixth.* 
 The perfon Handing by the king is, without doubt, cither one of the king's 
 uncles, or lbme other great lord of the court. The crown, or coronet, 
 differs much from that of the king's, and is perhaps the ducal coronet. 
 
 This prince, though a juft, pious and worthy man, was very unfortunate 
 in this life, bandied about by the fudden gulls of cruel fortune, and the 
 ambitious defigns of artful men. Thefe mifchances were, perhaps, fome- 
 what owing to the daring and turbulent difpofition of his queen. — The 
 characters of this prince and his confort are given below from Grafton ; 
 and they are juftly drawn, though in a very homely phrafe: 
 
 <c King Henry, which raigned at this time, was a man of a meek fpirit 
 and of a fimple witte, prefering peace before vvarre, reft before bulinefTe, 
 honeflie before proflte, and quietnefs before laboure : and to the intent that 
 men might perceive that there could be none more chafte, more meek, 
 more holye, nor a better creature, in him raigned fhamefafednefs, modeftie, 
 integritie, and pacience to be marveylled at, taking and fuffering all lofTes, 
 chaunces, difpleafures, and fuch worldly torrnentes, in good parte, and 
 wyth a pacient manner, as though they had chaunced by his own faulte, or 
 negligent overfight ; and he was governed of them whom he fhould have 
 ruled, and brideled of fuch whome he fharply fhould have fpurred : he 
 gaped not for honour, nor thirfted for riches, but ftudied onlye for the 
 health of his foule, the faving wherof he efteemed to be the greateft wif- 
 dome, and the lofTe thereof the extremeft folie, that could be. Bur, on 
 the other part, the queen Margaret of Anjou was a woman of great witte, 
 and yet of no greater witte than of haute ftomache, defirous of glorie, and 
 covetous of honour ; and of reafon, pollicye, counfaill, and other giftes 
 and talantes of nature, fhe lacked nothing, nor of diligenfe, ftudie, and 
 
 * This book is marked Digby, 233, Bib. Bod. 
 
 M 2 
 
 bufinefle, 
 
£ 4 -REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 bufineffe, fhe was not unexpert : but yet flie had one pointe of a very- 
 woman ; for oftentimes, when {he was vehement and fully bent in a matter, 
 {he was fodainely Ijke to the weather-cocke mutable and turning. This 
 woman, pcrceyving that her hufband did not frankly rule as he would, but 
 did all things by the advice and counfaile of Humfrey duke of Gloucefter, 
 and that he paffed not much on the authoritye and governaunce of the 
 realme, determined with herfelf to take uppon her the rule and regiment 
 both of the king and his kingdome, and to deprive and remove out of all 
 rule and audlhoritye the fayde duke, then called the lord protectour of the- 
 realme ; lead men ihoulde fay and report, that fhe had neither wit nor 
 ftomack, which would permit and fuffer her hufband, being of perfite age 
 and man's efbate, like a young fcholar, or innocent pupile,. to be governed 
 by the difpofition of another man." 
 
 I take this opportunity of expreffing my acknowledgments of the favours 
 I received at the hands of Dr. Beever, of All Souls, and the Rev. Mr. Price^ 
 matter of the Bodleian Library, who kindly procured me the ufe of this and 
 the foregoing MS. and alfo for the pains they jointly took in fhewing me. 
 whatever they thought worthy notice, while I- was at- Oxford. . 
 
 The throne is red, ftriped with gold : the king's robe is blue, lined with' 
 ermine ; the under garment and gloves are red : the officer on his right is in 
 green and red, his hofe red with filve-r ftripes : the figure to the left is in- 
 green and red, and a green coronet ; all having golden girdles. Lidgate is 
 in black, prefenting the book, edged with gold. The back ground is red. 
 flriped with gold, and the frame blue and white.. 
 
 No.XLIII. 
 
A N T I QJJ I T 1 E S OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. XLIir. 
 
 HENRY the SIXTH, and ii r s COURT.. 
 
 7*HE valuable picture here copied is in a large folio MS. moft elegantly- 
 written and illuminated ; it contains, among feveral romances and 
 other matters, an account of the order of the garter.* It was written at 
 the command of John Talbot, earl of Shrewfbury ; and this illumination 
 reprefents him in his habit of the garter, prefenting the book to Margaret 
 ofAnjou^ queen to king Henry the Sixth, who, together with the king, 
 is feated on a rich throne, furrounded by the lords and ladies of the court. 
 On the king's right hand (land two figures, one having a coronet on his 
 head, and the other a plain hoop or circle of gold. The figure with the 
 coronet, I take it, is defigned for the king's uncle, Humphry duke of 
 Glocefter, becaufe it much refembles the illumination copied at the bottom 
 of the following plate, which is certainly defigned for him. This portrait 
 of the earl of Shrewfbury is faid to agree exactly with an old. painting of 
 him, that is to be feen at the Herald's office. 
 
 " In the year 1441, (fays Holingfhead) John, the valiant lord Talbot, 
 for his approved prowefs and tried valour, fhewed in the French wars, was 
 created earl of Shrewefbury, and, with a company of three thoufand men, 
 fente agayne into Normandye, for the better defence of the fame." 
 
 And a little after,, the fame author relates the manner of the earl's death 
 as follows : 
 
 " The Frenchmen that lay before the town of Chaftilon, hearing by their 
 fcouts that the erle of Shrowfbury advanced with his troops, left the feige, 
 and retired in good order into a place whiche they hadde trenched, diched, 
 and fortified with oridinance. 
 
 " The erle, advertized how the fiege was removed, hafted forward 
 towardes his enimies, doubting moft lean: they woulde have bin quite fled, 
 and gone before his comming : but they, fearing the difpleafure of the 
 French king (who was not far off ) if they fhould have fled, abode the earle's 
 
 * This is marked I5,E» 6. and is preferved in the Royal Library, 
 
 comming^. 
 
36 
 
 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 -comming, and fo received him, that though he firfte with manfull courage 
 and lb fighting wanne the entry of their camp, yet at length they compared 
 him about, and mooting him throughe the thighe with an hand gunne, 
 few his horfe, and finally killed him, lying on the ground, whom they 
 durft never look in the face while he flood on his feet. 
 
 " It is faid, that after he percieved there was no remidie, but the pre- 
 fent lofs of the battle, he councilled his fone, the lord Lifle, to fave himfe'lf 
 by flight, fith the fame could not redound to any great reproach in him, 
 this being the firft journey in which he had been prefent. Many words he 
 ufed to have perfuaded him to fave his life; but nature fo wrought in the 
 fon, that neither defire of life or fear of death could either caufe him to 
 fhrink, or convey himfelf out of danger ; and fo there manfully he ended 
 his life with his fayde father, &c. &c." 
 
 The king's robe is blue, lined with ermine ; the fleeves of his coat are 
 pink. The robe of the queen is a deep lake colour, with fleeves of gold 
 cloth, and a white ftomacher. The feat is gold, and the flep it ftands upon 
 a darkifli ftone colour : the arms behind the throne, proper. The firft of 
 the two women behind the queen is dreffed in gold, and her head-drefs is 
 pink and gold ; and the fecond is in blue, as is her head-drefs : the crown'd 
 figure befide the king is in deep pink, turned up with green furring. The 
 earl himfelf is in deep pink, lined with green ; the garters are a light blue, 
 and gold letters ; the book is a deep red, and the clafps are gold ; the dog 
 behind the earl is white. The figure on the right hand, holding a mace, is 
 in blue, with a reddifh fafh, and his coat turn'd up with green furr, red 
 hofe, and black fhoes : the figure behind is in red, and a pink cap orna- 
 mented with a gold ftar ; the figure with his hand on his breaft, next the 
 mace-bearer, is in a pink coat furred with black, and black hofe ; and the 
 next to him is in green, with red hofe. The building is ftone colour ; the 
 hangings red, ornamented with gold ; and the pavement green and gold. 
 
 No. XLIV. 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. XL1V.* 
 
 THOMAS BEAUCHAMP, EARL of WARWICK, &c. 
 and HUMPHRY, DUKE of GLOC ESTER, &c. 
 
 THE two figures on the top of this plate are the portraits of Thomas 
 Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, and Margaret his wife. This Thomas 
 was father to the great Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwich, the glorious 
 warrior in the reigns of Henry the Fifth and Henry the Sixth. 
 
 The bottom figures are Humphry duke of Gloucefter, fourth fon of 
 Henry the Fourth, and Eleanor Cobham, his fecond wife : me was daughter 
 of Reginald lord Cobham, of Sterborough. She was accufed of witchcraft, 
 and put to folemn penance for three feveral days at London, and was after- 
 wards imprifoned in the Ifle of Man for life. Her hufband, the duke of 
 Glocefter, was fhortly after arrefted for high treafon, and bafely murdered 
 without any trial. 
 
 Speed gives the following concife account of the duke of Glocefter : 
 
 M Humfrey, the fourth fon of Henry the Fourth, was by his brother, 
 king Henry the Fifth, created duke of Gloucefter, was protectour of the 
 kingdome of Englande,. for 25 years, in the time of king Henry the Sixt, 
 in whofe firft yeare he ftiled himfelf in his charters thus : Humfrey, by the 
 grace of God, fonne, brother, and uncle, to kings, duke of Gloucefter, 
 earle of Henault, Holland, Zeland, and Pembroke, lord of Friefland, 
 great chamberlaine of the kingdome of England, protedour and defender 
 of the fame kingdome and church of England. He was a man who nobly 
 deferv'd of the common-wealth, and of learning, as being himfelfe very 
 learned, and a magnificent patron and benefaclor to the univerfitie of 
 Oxford, where he had been educated ; and was generally called the good duke. 
 He married firft, Jacoba, heir to William duke of Bavaria, earle of 
 Holland, who (as was after known) had firft beene lawfully troth-plighted 
 to John duke of Brabant, and therfore was afterward divorced from the faid 
 Humfrey. His fecond wife was Elianor, daughter to Reginauld, baron 
 
 This is from Nero, D. VII. —Vide page 67 of this book. 
 
 Cobham 
 
88 
 
 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 Cobham de Scarborough. Queen Margaret, wife to king Henry the Sixt, 
 repining at his great power in fwaying the king, and fecretly wroughte his 
 ruine, he being murthered in his bed at Burie, dying without any iffue, 
 1446. His body was buried at Saint Alban's ; yet the vulgar error is, that 
 he lies buried in Saint Paul's." 
 
 Both the top figures are dreiTed in deep red : the woman's head-drefs is 
 purple, gold, and white linen : the trees and ground proper j the back 
 ground gold, and the frame blue. 
 
 The duchefs is habited in a reddifh pink gown : of the fame colour is the 
 duke's robe and cap ; his clofe coat is blue, and the lining of the robe is 
 ermine. The head-drefs of the duchefs is black, and a gold coronet. The 
 back ground is blue, flowered with gold, the pavement light and dark red, 
 ihe frame red and gold. 
 
 No. XLV. 
 
A N T 1 Qll I T I E S OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. XLV. 
 
 The EARL of SALISBURY, and LID GATE. 
 
 THIS plate is from an old drawing (entirely of one colour, brown-like 
 bifter) contained in a MS. book in the Harleian Library,* the. title of 
 which is The Pilgrim : it was written by John Lidgate, and the drawing 
 reprefents the author prefenting the book to Thomas Montacute, earl of 
 Salifbury. The defigner has enigmatically pictured the title of the book, 
 in making the figure of a Pilgrim jointly holding and prefenting it with 
 Lidgate to the earl. 
 
 This noble warrior is very properly pictured in his armour, and his 
 portrait is truly interefting, when we confider the confequence of his actions 
 in France, during the wars carried on there in the reign of Henry the Sixth. 
 He loft his life at the fiege of Orleance and the manner of his death is 
 thus related by Holingfhead : 
 
 " In the tower that was taken at the bridge ende, there was an high 
 chamber, having a grate full of barres of yron, by the whiche a man myghte 
 looke all the length of the bridge into the citie ; at which grate many of 
 the chiefe captaines ftoode manie times, viewing the citie, and devifing in 
 what place it were beft to give the aflault. They within the citie well 
 perceived thys peeping hole, and layde apiece of ordinance directly againft 
 the windowe. 
 
 " It -fo chanced, the 59 day after the fiege was layde, the earle of 
 Salifburie, Sir Thomas Gargrave, and William Glafsdale, with divers other, 
 went into the faide tower, and fo into the high chamber, and looked out at 
 the grate ; and within a ihort fpace, the fonne of the mailer gunner per- 
 ceiving men looking out at the window, tooke his match, as his father had 
 taught him, who was gone downe to dinner, and fired the gunne, the fhot 
 whereof brake and fheevered the iron barres of the grate, fo that one of the 
 fame barres ftrake the earle fo violently on the heade, that it ftroke away- 
 one of his eyes and the fyde of his cheeke. 
 
 " Sir Thomas Gargrave was likewife ftricken, and dyed within two days. 
 
 • Marked 4826. 
 
 N 
 
 « The 
 
5 o REGAL A1STD ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 i( The earle was conveyed to Meun on Loire, where, after eight dayes, 
 he likewife departed this worlde, whofe body was conveyed to England 
 with all funerall pomp, and buried at Biflam by his progenitors, leaving 
 behind him an only daughter, named Alice, married to Richard Nevill, 
 fonne to Raufe earle of Weftmerlande. 
 
 " The domage that the realme of Englande receyved by the lofle of 
 thys noble man, manifeftly appear'd, in that immediately after hys death, 
 the prolperous good lucke whiche had followed the Englifh nation began to • 
 decline, and the glory of their victories, gotten in the parties beyond the 
 fea, fell in decay. 
 
 " Though al men were forowful for his death, yet the duke of Bedford 
 was moft ftriken with heavineffe, as he that had loft his only right hand 
 ^nAchiefe ayde in time of necefiitiey" 
 
 No. XLVI. 
 
A N T I QJJ I T.I 3 
 
 OF E N G LAN D. 
 
 9* 
 
 Ko. XLV'I. 
 
 KING EDWARD the FOURTH. 
 
 THIS plate is done from a valuable MS. in the Royal Library,* 
 containing the chronicle of England, from Brute to the reign of 
 Edward the Second : it was written at the command of Edward the 
 Fourth, by the perfon who is kneeling before the king, and prefenting 
 the book. The king fits on his throne of ftate, richly habited, having 
 on his head a blue velvet cap turned up with fine linen, inftead of a crown. 
 The figure on the left hand, with the infignia of the garter, may perhaps 
 be intended for Richard duke of Gloucester, the king's brother. 
 
 A fhort lketch of the perfon and character of this king may not be 
 tinpleafing to the reader, which is fet down as follows in Speed's Chronicle : 
 
 <r Of perfonage he was the goodlieft gentleman (faith Comines) that 
 ever mine eyes beheld ; faire of complexion, and of mod princely prefence, 
 couragious of heart, politique in counfell : in adverfitie, nothing abafh'd ; 
 in profperitie, rather joyous than proud: in peace, juft and mercifull ; in 
 war fharpe and fierce, and in field bold and venturous, yet no further than 
 wifedome would, and is no lefle commended where he avoided, then is his 
 manhood when he vanquifh'd : eight or nine battles he won, wherin, to 
 his greater renowne, he fought on foote, and was ever viclor over his 
 enemies. Much given he was to the lufts of youth, and in his latter time 
 growne fomewhat corpulent, which rather adorned his graver yeeres, than 
 any waies difliked the eyes of his beholders." 
 
 The king's robe is blue, powdered with golden lions intermixed with 
 flower de luces ; his cap is white fringed with gold ; his neckcloth is white, 
 and a gold collar. The author is in a bright pink, and a black hood and 
 girdle. The whole length figure, behind the author, is in a bright brown, 
 deep purple fleeves, a gold collar, and blue cap : the figure he talks to is 
 
 * Marked 15 E 4. 
 N 2 
 
 in 
 
9 2 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 in light red, and a brown cap and gold collar. The corner figure to the 
 left is in a clear green, wearing a red cap, and a collar of gold about his 
 neck, and in his hand he holds a gilt rod. The next figure is in deep 
 crimfon, furred with very deep red, and fleeves of the fame he alfo wears 
 a red cap, and holds a golden wand ; his collar and garter are gold, his, 
 legs blue, and black fhoes. The throne is a clear brown, the back crimfon, 
 and the curtains and canopy pink : the walls are green, and the arras is of 
 &deep reddifh brown flower'd with gold : the pavement is a ftone colour.. 
 
 No. XLVII. 
 
A N T I QJJ I T I E S O F ENGLAND. 
 
 93 
 
 No. XLVIL 
 
 EDWARD the FOURTH, his QUEEN and SON, &c. 
 
 IS taken from a fmall folio MS;. on vellum, in the archbifhop's library at 
 Lambeth.* It reprefents Anthony Woodville, earl of Rivers, prefenting 
 the book, and Caxton his printer, to king Edward the Fourth, the queen 
 and prince. The portrait of the prince (afterwards Edward the Fifth) is 
 the only one known of him> and has been engraved by Vertue among the 
 heads of the kings. The perfon in a cap and robe of ftate, is, probably, 
 Richard duke of Gloucefter, as he refembles the king, and as Clarence was 
 always too great an enemy of the queen to be diftinguifhed by her brother. 
 The book was printed in 1477, when Clarence was in Ireland, and in the 
 beginning of the next year he was murdered. At the end of the MS. is this 
 curious monagram : . 
 
 See a further account of this book in the Hon. Mr. Walpole's Catalogue 
 of the Royal and Noble Authors, pag. 52 ; and in Ames's Hiftory of 
 Printing, pag. 9. 
 
 " The queen of Edward the Fourth (fays Speed) was Elizabeth, the 
 daughter of Richard Woodvill, earl Rivers, by his wife Jaquelana dutchefTe 
 of Bedford (who was the daughter of Peter earl of Saint Paul, and hee the 
 fonne of Peter de Luxemburgh) ; was firft married unto Sir John Grey, 
 flaine at Saint Alban's, where he was knighted the daye before his death by 
 king Henry the Sixt, unto whom fhe bare two fonnes and a daughter; 
 after whofe death fhe was privately re-married unto king Edward the Fourth, 
 the firft day of May, at his mannor of Grafton in Northampton Ihire, 
 an. 1464, and in the next yeere following, upon the fix-and-twentieth of 
 May, was crowned queene at Weftminfter, with all due folemnities. She 
 was his wife eighteene years eleven moneths and nine days, no more for- 
 tunate in attaining to the heighth of all worldly dignity, then unfortunate 
 in murder of her fonnes, and lofle of her own libertye ; for in the beginning 
 
 * No. 265. 
 
 of 
 
54 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 of king Edward's raigne, fhe was fore'd to take fanfhiary at Weftminfter, 
 wherin her firft fonne, prince Edwarde, was borne ; and at his death did the 
 like in feare of the prote&our : And laftly, having all her lands and pof- 
 fefions fiezed upon by king Henry the Seventh, lived in meane eftate in the 
 monaftery of Bermondfey in Southwarke, where not long after fhee left the 
 troubles of her life, and injoyed a quiet portion or burying-place by her 
 laft hufband, king Edward, at Windfore." 
 
 The king, queen, and figure . with the cap, are habited in blue lined with 
 ermine; the crowns, fcepters, &c. are gold. The prince is in red, as is the 
 figure next the king. The earl's coat as it is blazoned ; his legs are blue. 
 Caxton is in black. The figures behind are in pink. The throne, arras, and 
 carpet, are red and gold; the floor is green, the walls of a lead colour, and 
 the cieling blue with gold fpots. The book is pink, with gilt leaves. 
 
 No. XLVIII. 
 
ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF ENGLAND. 
 
 9S 
 
 No. XLVIIL 
 
 RICHARD the THIRD, &c. 
 
 CONTAINS a portrait of prince Edward (only fon to king Henry the 
 Sixth) who was murdered at Tewkefbury. Another of lady Ann, 
 daughter and coheir of Richard Nevil, earl of Warwick and Salifbury, who 
 was firft married to the above prince Edward, and afterwards re-married to 
 Richard duke of Glocefter. Another of Richard duke of Glocefter (after~ 
 wards king Richard the Third) eighth and youngeft fon of Richard duke 
 of York, and Cecily Nevil his wife. And another of Edward Plantagenet, 
 prince of Wales, the only fon of the above Richard and Ann : he died 
 
 very young, in the life-time of his father. The originals of thefe 
 
 portraits are drawn by the hand of John Rous, the celebrated hiftorian of 
 Warwickfhire.* 
 
 An authentic portrait of king Richard the Third can hardly be found : 
 the prefent one we may, I believe, in great meafure depend upon, becaufe 
 it was drawn by a man who was living at the time in which he reigned. 
 In the chronicles and hiftories of this kingdom; Richard is ufually defcribed 
 as a man of little ftature, and greatly deformed ; but one of the moft 
 learned and elegant authors of the prefent day has taken great pains to 
 prove, that he was neither deformed in perfon, nor fo wicked in his actions 
 as has been generally reprefented.™ The portrait here given of Edward, 
 the fon of king Richard, is the only one of him extant that I know of. 
 He was born in the caftle of Middleham (fays Speed) near Richmond, 
 in the county of York, A. D. 1473, an< ^ being under four years of age, 
 was created earl of Salifbury by his uncle, king Edward the Fourth, in the 
 
 • The MS. from which this plate is copied, is preferved in the Cottonian Library, 
 and it is marked Julius F. iv. The figures from part of a genealogical table of the 
 family of Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, the whole of whofe life is reprefented in a 
 multitude of delineations copied in the fecond volume of the J} nba An jelcynnan, 
 or, The Manners and Customs, &c. of the English. — Thefe figures are 
 drawn with a pen, and arc all of one colour (namely, brown) apparently bifter. 
 
 feventeenth 
 
3 6 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 feventeenth year of his reign. But his father Richard, in the firfi: year of 
 his ufurpation, created him prince of Wales, the 24th of Auguft, A.D. 1483, 
 "he being then ten years of age ; and the crown was entailed unto him by 
 the parliament but he died before his father, about the fame time that his 
 . mother deceafed. 
 
 THE 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 97 
 
 f P H E two following plates are taken from a MS. prefcrved in the 
 Harleian library, which is fairly written on vellum, and raoft elegantly 
 bound in crim'fon velvet, edged "with crimfon and gold thread, with taffels 
 of the fame at each corner, and lined on the infide with crimfon damafk : 
 on the cover are five boffes of filver, wrought and gilt, the middle one of 
 which contains the arms of Henry the Seventh, and the other four the port- 
 cullis, gilt, on a field party per pale, argent and vert, in enamel. It is 
 made fall with two clafps, on each of which is a red role of Lancafter, and 
 half an angel proceeding out of a cloud on the top. 
 
 The book itfelf contains four original indentures, made between the., 
 king (Henry VII.) and John Iflip, abbot of Weftminfter, fpecifying the 
 number of mattes, collects, &c. which were to be faid for the departed 
 fouls of the king's father, wife, and other relations, &x. and provifion to 
 be made for thirteen poor men by the king, with many other like matters, 
 -—See the catalogue of the Harleian MSS. No. 1498. 
 
 No. XLI'X. 
 
 KING HENRY TftE SEVENTH. 
 
 I S the king (Henry VII.) giving the book to John Iflip, the abbot of 
 Weftminfter, who kneels before him, bearing his crozier on his left arm 
 (Weftminfter being a mitred abbey). Behind him are divers of his monks, 
 and fome of the almfmen or beadfmen (mentioned above) with their beads 
 in their hands. 
 
 The perfon and character of this king are drawn as follows, by Grafton : 
 
 " He was a man of bodie but leane and fpare, albeit mightie and ftrong 
 therewith ; of perfonage and ftature, fome what higher then the meane fort 
 of men be, of a wonderfull beautye and fayre complexion ; of countinance 
 mery and finding, efpeciallye in his communication ; his eyes gray, his 
 teeth fingle, and heare thinne ; of witt in all thinges quicke and prompt ; 
 of a princely ftomacke, and haute courage. In great perilles, doubtfull 
 affayreSj and matters of waightie importance, fupernaturell, and in maner 
 devine; for fuch thinges as he went about, he did them advifedly, and not 
 without great deliberation and breathing, to the intent that, amongft all 
 men, his wit and pr'^ence might be noted and regarded: for lie was not 
 ignorant that acts anu-oings were efpecially noted and marked with the eies 
 of" many a perfon j and therfore a prince ought as farr to excell and furmount 
 ail meane perfonages in wifedome and pollicie, as he precelleih o ; ther in 
 
 O eftate 
 
9 8 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 eftate and dignitie : For what man will give-credite or regarde to him whom 
 he hath proved to be light, wilde, and iafcivous of condicions ? Befides- 
 this, he was fober, moderate, honeft, affable, curteous, bounteous, fo 
 much abhorred pride and arrogancie, that he was ever fliarpe and quicke to 
 them which were noted or fpotted with that crime ; and there was no man 
 with him, being never fo much in his favour, or having never fo much 
 aucthoritie, that either durft or could do any thing as his awne phantafy 
 did ferve him, .without the confent and agrement of other. — What mall I 
 fay more? Although his mother were never fo wife (as fhe was both wittie 
 and wife) yet her will was brydeled, and her doynges refbrayned. And this 
 regiment he faide he kept to the intent that he might be called a king, 
 whole office is to rule, and not to be rul'd of other. 
 
 " He was alfp and indjfferent and fure jufticier, by the which- one thing 
 he allured to him the heartes of many people, becaufe they lived quetly 
 and in reft, out. of all oprefion and moleftation. of the nobilitie and riche 
 perfonnes. And to this feverity of his, was.joyned and.annex'd a certain 
 mercifull pittie, whiche he did often Ihowe to fuch as had offended, and by 
 his lawes were hindred and merced ; for fuch of his fubjecles as were fyned 
 or amerced by his juftices, to their great impoverifhing, he at one time or 
 another did heipe relieve, and fet forward : wherby it appear'd that he. 
 would have the fame penalties for other offences and crimes revived and 
 ftirred up agayne, whiche was a playne argument that he did ufe his rigour 
 only (as he faid himfelfe) to bring lowe, and abate the high ftomachs of the 
 wild people, nourifhed in feditious and civil rebellions, and not for the 
 greedy defire of richeffe, or hunger of money — although fuch as were 
 afflicted would ciy out and fay, that it was done more for the defire of gain, 
 than for any prudent pollicie or politick provjfion." 
 
 . The king's robe is red, and lined with ermine ; his hofe are of a flefh 
 colour: the crown and fcepter are gold. All the figures behind are in 
 black : the almfmen wear golden badges on their left fhoulders. The 
 elbow of, the throne is green; the canopy and curtains crimfonj the arras 
 a deep r^d, and the wall and pavement are of ftone colour : the cieling is 
 blue, powdered with golden ftars : the letter is blue,, white, and redj on a 
 gold ground. 
 
 No. L» 
 
A N T I QJJ I T I $08 OIF tETN GiLA^CD. 
 
 i 'Al htin. t 'joJd ni ."/on ,bji nt ai rni;l Ixjn tm/ait 
 uhrho ai no ?mU ilood sri? A)nb -ah ■, n»« an, qsji f 
 
 .bfiUOTQ j - 
 
 No. L. 
 
 ,99 
 
 CONFIRMATION of the DEEDS of ALMS. 
 
 REPRESENTS a monk Handing before a defk, and reading the abftracr. 
 of the firft deed (according to the directions therein contained) a 
 judge, with other minifters of the law, affifting on the right hand, and abbot 
 Iflip with his monks on the left. 
 
 Befides the donations contained in thefe indentures, king Henry built a 
 fumptuous chapel at Weftminfter. 
 
 tf In the year of our Lord 1503 (fays Stow) took down the chapel of 
 our Lady, above the eaft end of the high altar at Weftminfter, as well as 
 a tavern near adjoining, called the White Rofe, and in the fame place, 
 or plot of ground, on the 24 day of January, the firft ftone of our 
 Ladies chapel was laid, by the hands of John Iflip, abbat of Weftminfter; 
 Sir Reginald de Bray, knight of the Garter ; Doctor Barons, mafter of the 
 Rolls ; and Dr. Wall, chaplaine to the king ; mailer Hugh Oldham, 
 chaplaine to the countefs of Derby and Richmond, the king's mother; 
 Sir Edward Stanhope, knight, and divers others : upon which ftone was 
 engraven the day, the year, &c. — The charges in building this chapel (as 
 I have been informed) amounted to the fummes of 14,000 pounds. — 
 This chappel Leland calls the miracle of the world ; for any man that 
 fees it may well fay, that <c all elegancy of worfhip and matter is couched 
 in if." and this building the king directed chiefly " to be a place of 
 fepulturcfor himfelf and all his pofterity ; where in at this time is to be 
 feene his owne tombe, moft gorgeous and great, made all of folid brafs." 
 
 Thus far mine author. And in another place in his Surveys he remarks, 
 that {c the alter and fepulchre of the fame king (Henry the Seventh) 
 wherein his body refteth in this his new chappel, was made and finifhed 
 in the yeere 15 19, by one Peter, a painter of Florence, for which he 
 received 1000 fterling for the fluff and workmanfhip, at the hands of the 
 king's excecutors, Richard bifhop of Winchefter; Richard bifhop of 
 London ; Thomas bifhop of Durham ; John bifhop of Rochefter ; Thomas 
 duke of Norfolk, treafurer of England ; Charles earl of Worcefter, the 
 king's chamberlaine ; John Fineaux, knight, chief juftice of the King's 
 Bench ; Robert Reade, knight, chief juftice of the Common Pleas." 
 
 The 
 
t oo ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND, 
 
 The abbot and his monks are in black j the judge is in red, lined with 
 white j the figure next him is in red, the next in blue, and the next in red ; 
 the feat and ftep are green ; the defk the book, lies on is crimfon ; the wall 
 and pavement are of a ftone colour ; the letter as before, red, white, and 
 blue, on a gilt ground. 
 
 This plate is copied from the fame, MS, as the foregoing. — See page 97*. 
 
 ADDITIONS 
 
ADDITIONS to the WORK. 
 
 WE have thus far brought down the feries of kings, &c. from the 
 reign of Edward the ConfefTor, which have been diligently collected, 
 as well as the greateft care and attention beflowed to make them as 
 complete as poflible j yet, fince the beginning and continuation of this 
 work, feveral curious matters, which unavoidably had efcaped notice, have 
 occurred, and are here given in chronological order. 
 
 No. LL* 
 
 HENRY the FIRST. 
 
 REPRESENTS king Henry the Firft bewailing the fatal and unfortunate 
 end of his children, who are reprefented below ftruggling in vain wirh 
 the tempeft, wherein they periftied. This circumftance is related as 
 follows, by Speed : 
 
 " Prince William, who now wanted but only the name of a king, com- 
 manded another Ihippe to be prepared for himfelfe, his brethren and fillers, 
 with many other nobles and gallant courtiers both of England and Nor- 
 mandy, who plying the mariners with pots and wine (therin being inftru- 
 ments of their owne calamity approaching) made them bragge to out-faile 
 the king's fliippe before ; and in the night putting forth from land, with a 
 merry gale, made way over the dancing waves as fwift as an arrow: but (as 
 if the heavens would have king Henries too great felicities allaid, and - 
 temper'd with fenfe of courtly variety) in the midft of their jollity and 
 finging (alas! they fang their laft, and little thought on death!) for 
 fuddaiaely the fliippe dafhed againft a rocke, not very far from the lhoare, 
 at which fearfull difafter a hideous cry arofe, all of them fhifting (and yet 
 through amazednefs not knowing how to fliift) to fave themfelves from the 
 danger : for God repaying the reward for finne, fuffer'd not thofe unnatural 
 
 f This plate is copied from Claudius, D. a, 
 
 wantons 
 
io2 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 wantons (for fuch were many of them, faith Paris) to have chriftian buriali, 
 and fo fwallowed them up in the fea, when her waves were moft calme. 
 Prince William gat fpeedily into the cocke-boate, and might well have 
 efcaped, had not hee pittied his fifter, the counteffe of Perche, crying unto 
 him for helpe, when turning the boat to her ayde, fo many ftrived to get 
 in (every man in fuch a cafe efteeming his life as much as a prince) that 
 with their weight it prefently funcke, and of fo princely a traine no one 
 efcaped to relate that dolefull tragedie, fave only a bafe fellow (a butcher 
 fome fay) who fwamme all night upon the maine-mafte, and got fhoare in 
 the morning, with much danger of life. 
 
 " This was the moft unfortunate fhipwrack that ever hapned in our feas, 
 bringing an inconceivable heavineffe to the king and whole ftate : for therin 
 perifhed prince William duke of Normandy, the joy of his father, and hope 
 of his nation ; Richard,, his bafe brother ; his fifter Maud, counteffe of 
 Perche; Richard earle of Chefter, with his wife, lady. Lucy, the king's 
 niece by his fifter; Adela Otvvell, the earle's brother, the young duke's 
 governor; divers of the king's chiefe officers, and moft of the princes; 
 Geffrey Riddle, Robert Manduit, William Bigod, Geffrey ^rch-deacon of 
 Hereford, "Walter de Crude, and many other of prime note and efteeme, to 
 the number of one hundred and fixty perfons, none of their bodies being 
 found, though great fearch was made for them." 
 
 The king is habited in deep blue; his robe is light pink lined with red ; 
 the feat is of a ftone colour ; the back ground on the right fide is red and 
 filver, and on the left blue and gold ; the frame red and blue ; the two 
 children blue, and the two attendants blue and red i theihip a light brown, 
 .and the water j^reen. 
 
 No. LII. 
 
 • 
 
A MTIO.UITJES 
 
 OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. LII * 
 
 KING JOHN. 
 
 1*5 "king John, who is reprefented hunting. This illumination is at the - - 
 head of a foreft charter. 
 
 Speed, after repeating the fcandals which the monks unjuftly threw upon 
 king John in their writings, makes note of his actions as follows : 
 
 " His works of devotion were inferior to none, as his foundations declare 
 at Beauly, Farrington, Malmefbury, and Dublin, and that other for nunnes 
 at God/low, by Oxford, from which fome have interpreted that prophefie 
 of Merlin as meant of him : 
 
 Sith virgins-gifts to maids he gave 
 'Mongft blelfed faints God will him fave. 
 
 " His acts and orders for weale-publike were beyond moft, he beino- 
 either firft, or the chiefeft, who appointed thofe noble formes of civil! 
 government in London, and moft cities and incorporate townes of England, 
 endowing them alfo with the greater! franchifes : the firft who caufed 
 fterling money to be here coyned: the firft who ordained the honourable 
 ceremonies in creation of earles : the firft who fetled the rates and meafures 
 for wine, bread, cloth, and fuch-like necefTaries of commerce: the firft 
 who planted Englifh lawes. and officers in Ireland, and both annexed that 
 kin-dome and faftned Wales to the crowne of England, thereby making 
 amends for his loffes in France ; and thence, amongft all the Englifh 
 monarchs, he was the firft who enlarged the royal ftile with Lorde of Ireland: 
 a matter cf greater import for England's peace, than all the French titles 
 ever yet have proved. Whofe whole courfe of life and actions wee cannot 
 fhut with any truer euloge, than that which an ancient author hath conferr'd 
 on him : " Pnnceps quidem magnus erat, fed minus fadix ; atque ut 
 Marius, utramque fortunam expertus."-— DoubtlefTe he was a prince more 
 
 • This plate is from Claudius, D. 2» . 
 
 great; 
 
to+ REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 great than happy, and one who, like Marius, had tried both fides « 
 Fortune's wheele." 
 
 The king is dreffed in a light red tunic, and a bhie robe; the horfe is 
 grey, and the trappings red ; the flag and the rabbits are of a dun colour.; 
 the dogs proper; trees and ground green i the back. ground is blue and 
 red, with gold fquares. 
 
 No. LIII» 
 
A N T I QJU I T I II S OF ENGLAN D, 
 
 No. till.* 
 
 •EDWARD the THIRD, and DAVID King o? SCOTLAND. 
 
 IS Edward the Third, and David king of Scotland, who are reprefentecl 
 hand in hand ; an emblem of the peace confirmed between them. 
 This illumination is at the head of the articles of the peace, which are 
 moil elegantly written, and the initial letter of each article embellifhed 
 with the royal arms of England, quartered with thofe of France. This 
 peace was concluded in the year 1357, at the conftant fupplication and 
 -intreaties of Joan, wife to David, (who was filter to Edward) after he had 
 been kept clofe prilbner for the fpace of eleven years in the caftle of Odium. 
 Hollingfhead relates the matter fully as follows : 
 
 " David king of Scotland, fhortly after the truce was concluded betwixte 
 Englande and Fraunce, was fette at libertye, paying for his ranfom the 
 fumme of one hundrethe thoufand markes, as Jourdon fayetli ; but whether 
 hee meaneth Scottilhe or flerling money, I cannot faye : he alio was boundc 
 by covenant, nowe upon his deliverance, to caufe the caftelles in Nidefdale 
 to be rafed, which were knowen to be evill neighbours to the Englifhe 
 borderers, as Dunfrife, Dalfwinton, Morton, Dunfdere, and other nine. 
 His wife, queene Joan, made fuche earnefte fute to hir brother, king 
 Edwarde, for hir hufbandes diliverance, that king Edwarde was contented 
 to releafe him upon the payment of fo fmall a portion of money, and 
 performauirce of the covenauntes for the rafing of thofe caftells ; although 
 FroifTart fayth that hee was covenaunted to pay for his deliveraunce, within 
 the terme of ten years, five hundrethe thouiande nobles, and for furety of 
 that payment to fende into Englande fuffkient hoflages, as the earles of 
 Douglafs, Murrey, Mar, Sutherlande, and FifFe, the baron of Vefcye, and 
 Sir William Camoife. Alfo he covenaunted never to wear armour agaynfl 
 king Edwarde, within his realme of Englande, nor confent that his fubjects 
 fhould doe ; and further fhoulde, upon his returne home, doe the befie he 
 coulde to caufe the Scottes to agree that their countrie fhould holde of him 
 
 * Trom Nero, D. VI. as is alfo the following plate. 
 
 P 
 
REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 in fee, and that he and his fucceflbures, kings of Scotland, Ihould doe 
 homage to the king of Englande, and his fucceflbrs, for the realme of 
 Scotland." 
 
 Edward is drelfed in light pink lined with ermine, and blue fleeves. 
 The king of Scotland is in red, and his collar is gold. The back ground 
 is blue and gold j and the letter blue, on a gilt ground. The arms are 
 jproper. 
 
 No. LIV. 
 
ANTIQUITIES OF 
 
 ENGLAN D. 
 
 107 
 
 No. LIV. 
 
 JOHN, King of FRANCE. 
 
 IS a portrait of John, king of France, who was brought prifoner into 
 England by Edward the Black Prince. 
 
 " Now approached the time (fays Grafton) that the prince of Wales had 
 made provifion of mips, and furniture to the fame, for the conveyaunce and 
 bringing of the French king, and his other prifoners, into England. And 
 when he had all things in readinefTe, he called unto him the lord Dalbert, 
 the lorde Mufident, the lord Lafpare, the lorde of Punyers, and the lorde 
 of Rofen, and gave them commaundemaunt to kepe the countrie there 
 untill his returne againe. 
 
 " Then he tooke the fea, and certaine lorde of Gafcoyne with him. The 
 Frenche kinge was in a vefTell by himfelfe, to be the more at his eafe, and 
 was accompanied with two hundreth men of armes, and two thoufand archers. 
 For it was mewed the prince that the three eitates, by whome the realme of 
 Fraunce was governed, had layd in Normandye and Crotoye two great 
 armyes, to the entent to meete with him, and to get the Frenche king out 
 of his handes, if they might. But there appered no fuch matter ; and yet 
 they were on the fea xi dayes, and on the xn daye they arrived at Sandwich. 
 Then they iffued out of their Ihip, and landed, and lay there all that night, 
 and taryed there two dayes after to refrefhe them and on the third day 
 they roade to Cauntorburie. 
 
 " When the king of England knew of their coming, he commaunded 
 the citizens of London to prepare themfelves and their citie, and to make 
 the fame feemely and meete to receyve fuche a man as the French king was j 
 whiche the citezens of London did accordingly. 
 
 " And from Cauntorbury they came to Rochefter, and there taryed a 
 daye, and from thence the next daye to London, where they were honourably 
 receyved ; and fo they were in every good towne they parted. 
 
 " The French king roade through London on a white courfer well appa- 
 relled, and the prince on a little blacke hobby by him. This was (fays 
 Holingfhead) the foure and twentieth day of May ; and they were with 
 greate honour joyfully received of the citizens into the citie of London, 
 and fo conveyed to the pallace of Weftminfter, where the king fitting in 
 Weftminfter Hall receyved the Frenche king, and after conveyed hym to a 
 
 P 2 lodging 
 
i©8 REG A L AND ECCLESIASTIC A*L 
 
 lodging for him appoynted, where he laye a feafon ; but after hee wass 
 removed to the Savoy, whiche was at that time a goodly houfe, apperteyning 
 to the duke of Lancafter, though afterwards it was brent and deftroyed by\- 
 Wat Tyler, and Jacke Strawe, and their companie,"; 
 
 The king is in blue lined with ermine, pink fleeves and hofe, and a gold* 
 collar. The back ground is gold, and the ornamented frame is blue*.. . 
 
 This is from the feme MS, ae the former* 
 
ANTIQUITIES 
 
 0,F ENGLAND. 
 
 No. LV * 
 
 GEO FRY DE LUCY, and MARY DE St. PAUL. 
 
 THE figure at the top is Geofry de Lucy, fuppofed to be the fon of 
 that Geofry de Lucy mentioned in the reign of Edward the Firft, and 
 one of the knights that attended Edward the Third into France. 
 
 The figure of a lady, at the bottom of the plate, is Mary de St. Paul, 
 (countefs of Pembroke) who- was the daughter of Guy de Chaftilian, earl 
 of St. PauL She was married to Aymer de Valence, earl of Pembroke,, 
 who was murdered in France in 1323 ; after which (according to Stow) Ihe 
 was re-married to Laundas, who was taken with the prifoners in the attempt 
 to furprize the caftle of Calais, in the time of Edward the Third.— This 
 curious adventure is thus briefly related by Baker : 
 
 Iri the year 1349, the 23 of Edward the Third, Geoffry de Charmy* 
 captain of St. Omer, agreed with Aymry of Pavia, whom king Edward 
 had left governour of Calliee, to render it up for twenty thoufand crownes ; 
 whiche king Edward hearing of, fent to Aymery, and charged him with this 
 perfidioufnefs ; wherupon Aymery comes to the king, and humbly defiring 
 pardon, promifeth to handle the matter fo as fhall be to the king's advan- 
 tage, and therupon is fente back to Calliee. The king, the night before 
 the time.of agreement,, arrives with three hundred men at armes, and fix 
 hundred archers. Monfieur de Charmy fets out likewife the fame night 
 from St. Omer's with his forces,, and fent a hundred men . before with the 
 crownes to Aymery. The men are let in at a poftern gate, the crowns 
 received, and aflured to be all weight : which done, the gates of the town 
 are opened, and out marches the king before day to encounter Monfieur de 
 Charmy, who perceiving himfelfe betrayed, defended himfelfe the beft he 
 could, and put king Edward to hard bickering, who, for that he would net 
 be known there in perfon, put himfelf and the prince under the colours of 
 the lord Walter Manny, and was twice beaten down on his knees by 
 Monfieur de Riboumont, a hardy knight, (with whom he fought hand to 
 hand) and yet recovered, and in the end took Riboumont prifoner. Charmy 
 
 * This plate, witluNg, 57?" 59* and 60, arc all from Nero, D. vn. 
 
 was, 
 
110 
 
 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 was likewife taken, and all his forces defeated. King Edward the night 
 after (which was the firft of the new year) feafted with prifoners, and gave 
 Riboumont, in honour of his valour, a rich chaplet of pearl which himfelf 
 wore on his head (for a new-year's gift) forgave him his ranfome, and fet 
 him at liberty.— Amongft the prifoners who were takers on this occafion, 
 were Geffrey Charney, and his fon, Edward de Renty, Robert Danquil, 
 Otto de Gulo, the baron Mactingham, Baldina Saylly, Henry de Piees, 
 Garinus Baylofe, Peter Renell, Peter Dargemole, Eftace de Riplemount, 
 and many other, lords, knights, and baronets, who were chafed and ranne 
 away with their auncients, as the lord de Mounmarice, alfo Laundas, who 
 maryed the ladie Saint Paul, countefs of Pembroke, in England alfo the 
 lord Fenas, the L. Planckes, and another Euftace de Riplemount. There 
 were flaine in the fkirmifh, the lord Henry de Boys, the lord Archibald, 
 and many others, whofe names the conquerors were not able to certify." 
 
 This Mary de St. Paul was a devout and religious lady, pofTefTed of a 
 confiderable dowry, which (he beftowed in pious and charitable ufes. She 
 here holds an image of gold of the Virgin Mary, which fhe gave to the 
 Abbey of St. Alban's. She alfo founded Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, in 
 the year 1343, and died 1377. 
 
 The top figure is in blue, with a pink hood and black cap ; back ground 
 is blue and gold, and the frame is blue. The lady's habit is cloth of gold, 
 fo is her head drefs ; and the image is gold : the altar is marble, and the 
 back ground a deep red j the whole enclofed in a blue frame. 
 
 No. LVt. 
 
ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 No. LVI. 
 
 JOHN GOWER. 
 
 REPRESENTS the portrait of John Gower, a famous Englifh poet, 
 who was cotemporary with Chaucer, and greatly affifting with him 
 in refining the Englifh language. He was author of the Confefllo Amantis, 
 in Englifh ; the Speculum Meditantis, in French ; and the Vox Clamantis, 
 in Latin ; from a MS.* of which laft work the prefent portrait is taken ; it 
 is preferved in the Cotton Library. He is here reprefented fhooting at the 
 world, with thefe lines over the picture : 
 
 3d muncttm mitto mea jacttla Dtrmpe farjitto; 
 8t ubi mffttss e?it nulla fagttta fc?tt, 
 fecD male tottoentcjs Ijogt tulncjo tjanfgjeDicntcg, 
 dConrciujs ejgo fibt fe fpcruletut ihu 
 
 •In Englifh. fomething like this : 
 
 My darts and arrows to the world I fend ; 
 Amongft the jufl my arrows fhall not fall, 
 But evil doers through and through I wound, 
 Who confeious of their faults may learn to mend. 
 
 " The famous poet, John Gower (fays Stow) was a man not much 
 unlike the other (Chaucer) in excellency of wit, learning, or pofTefTions. 
 He builded a great part of S. Mary Queries church in Southwark, then 
 new re-edified ; on the north fide of the which church he prepared for his 
 bones a refting place, where fomewhat after the old fafhion he lyeth right 
 fumptuoufly buried in a tombe of ftone, with his image alfo of flone lying 
 over him, the haire of his heade awburne long to his fhoulders, and curling 
 up, a fmall forked beard, and on his head a garland or chaplet of rofes red, 
 4 in number, an habit of purple damafked downe to his feet, a coller of 
 efles of gold about hys necke, unde his head the likenefs of the 3 bookes 
 
 • This is in ihe Cotton Library, marked Tib. A, iv. and the whole is of one 
 colour, namely, dark brown. 
 
 which 
 
iii REGAL AND -ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 which he compiled. His tombe arched was beautified with his amies, and 
 the likenefs of angels with pofies in Latine. Befide, in the wall were 
 painted three virgins crowned, one of the which was written Charity, and 
 held this device, " En toy qui filz de Dieu le pere fauue foit, qui gift fubs 
 cefte perre." The fecond Mercie, with this device, " O bon Jefu ! fait ta 
 mercie alme dont le- corps gift jcy." The third Pittie, with this device, 
 " Pour ta pite Jefu regard, et mete cefte alme in fauue garde." All which 
 is now wafhed out, and the image defaced by cutting off > the nofe and 
 ftriking off his hands.— He died An. Dom. 1402, about So years of age." 
 
 "No/LVn, 
 
ANTIQJJITIF.S OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. LVII.* 
 
 THOMAS of WOODSTOCK, DUKE of GLOCE STER. 
 
 <( TPHOMAS, the feventh and youngeft fonne of king Edward the Third, 
 A and queen Philippa, firnamed of Woodftock, where he was borne, 
 was (fays Speed) firft earle of Buckingham, created by his nephew king Ri- 
 chard the Second on his coronation day, an. 1377 ; by whom after alfo he was 
 made duke of Gloucefter, 1385. The earldoms alio of ElTex and Northampton, 
 and the conftablefhip of England, fell to him by right of his wife Eleanor, 
 the onley daughter and heir of Humfrey de Bohun, earle of Hereford and 
 ElTex. He was a man of valour, wifedome and vigilancy, for the behoofe 
 of the king, his nephew, and the ftate ; but thofe noble vertues (diftem- 
 pered with too much wilfulnefTe and forward obftinacy) bred him firft envie, 
 and after ruine. For the king furmifing him to be a too fevere obferver of 
 his doings, confulted with Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, how to 
 make him away ; whom Mowbray unawares furprifing, convaied fecretly to 
 Callis, where he was ftrangled, 1397, the twentieth of his nephew's raigne, 
 Himfelf, in his life, had provided a goodly tombe at Playfie (now Plufhy) 
 in EfTex (his own towne, and the ufuall feat of the great conftables of 
 England) where he founded a colledge ; whither his bodie was brought, and 
 layd with all funerall pompe : but afterwarde it was tranflated to Weftmin- 
 fter, where alfo lyeth Eleanor his wife, who dyed 1399. Their iffue was Hum- 
 frey earle of Buckingham, who dyed at Chefter of the peftilence, an. 1400: 
 Anne, married firft to Edmund earle of Stafford, by whom fhee had 
 Humfrey duke of Buckingham ; fecondly, to William Bourchier, earle of 
 Eue, by whom fhe had Henry earle of ElTex: Joane 3 married to Gilbert 
 
 * This plate is copied from the fame MS, as No. LV. viz. Nero, D. vn, 
 
 L. Talbot, 
 
ii 4 REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 L. Talbot, and had iffue by him a daughter, who dyed young: Philip and 
 Ifabell, both dying iffuelefs." 
 
 The figure is in deep crimfon, lined with white, the coronet round his 
 head is goldj the fv/an is filver ; the back ground blue and gold, and the 
 frame red. 
 
 No. LVIII. 
 
ANTIQJJITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 "5 
 
 No. LVIII * 
 
 DUEL BEFORE THE KING. 
 
 ANCIENTLY, when any matter of importance was brought before 
 the juftices, which could not be proved by witnefs, combat was 
 granted ; and in this cafe, if the accufecl was vanquifhed, he was convicted 
 of the crime he was accufed of ■, and if the accufer, he was punifhed as a 
 perjured man and a falfe witnefs. The culprit was then executed (if he 
 was not (lain in the combat) without any further examination. — This was 
 the cafe between two efquires in the reign of Richard the Second. The one 
 of Navarre accufed an Englifh efquire, called John Welch, of treafon ; for 
 trial thereof a day was appointed for a combat, which was to be performed 
 in the king's palace at Weftminfter. Accordingly being met, there was a 
 valiant fight betwixt them ; but at laft the Englifhman was the conqueror, 
 and the vanquifhed Frenchman was defpoiled of his armour, drawn to 
 Tyburn, and there hanged for his untruth. 
 
 The order of the combat, with the procefs, was as follows : — The accufed 
 ftrongly denying the fact alledged againfl him, threw down his gauntlet, or 
 any other gage, calling the accufer a lyar, and thereby challenging him to 
 combat ; then the other took up the gage of the accufed, and threw down 
 his own, declaring his willingnefs to prove by battle the truth of his affer- 
 tions : the gages were then fealed, and deliver'd to the marfhal, and leave 
 to combat demanded of the king ; which if he granted, a day and place 
 was then appointed, by which time a fcaffold was erected for the king and 
 his attendants (the earl marfhal, and high conftable. of England) who were 
 to fee that no undue advantage might be taken by either- party ; and the 
 lifts were railed round. — This method of trial was not often put in 
 execution. 
 
 The above illumination was made about the reign of Richard the Second, 
 whofe portrait the figure of the king much refembles. .In this king's reign, 
 Henry earl of Derby challenged Thomas Moubray, duke of Norfolk, to 
 fingle combat. 
 
 * This is from Nero, D. 17, 
 
uG REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 The armour of the two fighting figures is filver ; the plates at their elbows, 
 and their girdles, are gilt. The firft figure to the right is the fame. The 
 king is in light pink, with a blue robe lined with ermine. The figure next 
 the king is in filver armour, the body of which is purple. The back ground 
 is red, flowered the ground of the lifts is green, and the rails are red, 
 The letter is blue and red, on a purple ground, with a gilt edge. 
 
 No. LIX. 
 
ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF ENGLAND, 
 
 No. L1X.* 
 
 ROBERT CHAMBERLEYN. 
 
 TH E fingular figure here reprefented, is, in the original, faid to be the 
 portrait of a knight named Robert Chamberleyn, v/ho is fuppofed to 
 have been in France with Henry the Fifth, at the battle of Agincourt. 
 This curious painting, which is placed amongft the benefactors to the Abbey 
 of St. Alban's (in the great book mentioned before) has a date put by the 
 fide of it, which follows the name of the knight, viz. 1417 ; the time moffc 
 likely that the donation was made from him to die abbey, and probably left 
 them by his lalt will ; which is the reafon why he is reprefented upon his 
 knees, in a praying poflure, offering up a fcrole, which is received by a 
 hand above, fignifying that his prayer was heard by Almighty God. On 
 the fcrole is written, in the character of that time, 
 
 " Miferere mei Deus ! " 
 " Have mercy upon me, O God ! " 
 
 The chief reafon for engraving this picture (as no account can be given 
 of the family or hiflory of the perfon reprefented, unlefs his arms underneath 
 may lead to any difcovery) was for the reprefentation of the armour worn by 
 the knights at that time, which is here fo exactly delineated, and fo much 
 more perfect than in general it can be found.— A modern may furvey, with 
 wonder, the great weight of iron under which thofe hardy warriors fought, 
 and to whofe prowefs England owes fo much, and who fo far advanced 
 her glory in the fingular victories obtained againfl our rival foes. 
 
 The body of this knight's armour is filver, done over with a light vernifh, 
 and flowered the armour on his arms, legs and thigns, as well as his 
 
 * This is from the fame MS, as No. LVII. 
 
 gauntlet 
 
i r S REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL 
 
 gauntlet and helmet, are filvered over, without any vernim, only (lightly 
 ■Jhaded ; the ground he kneels upon is green, and the background is blue, 
 •diamonded with ftronger and lighter colours; the border is gilt. The 
 field of the arms below, is argent the legs, &c. fable. 
 
 No. LX. 
 
A N T I QJJ I T I E S 
 
 OF ENGLAND. 
 
 No. LX. 
 
 THOMAS RAM RY G E, ABBOT of St. ALB AN 's. 
 
 THIS is a very curious plate, and reprefents Thomas Ramryge, who 
 was abbot of St. Alban's at die time in which the curious catalogue 
 of the benefactors to that abbey was compleated (about the year 1484).— 
 This book, called the Golden Regifter, we have had frequent occafion to 
 mention, and feveral valuable portraits are engraved from it, as has been 
 fcen in the courfe of the work. 
 
 Ramryge is reprefented upon his knees, praying to the Holy Trinity, 
 pictured as a fort of altar piece, and on the altar before is refted his mitre 
 (St. Alban's being a mitred abbey).— -By the fide of the abbot is a fcrole, 
 on which is written, 
 
 * f Sancta Trinitas, unus Deus, miferis animis T. Ramryge." 
 " Holy Trinity, one God, have mercy upon the foul of T. Ramryge." 
 
 Which is entirely agreeable to the zeal of the times.— Part of his epitaph 
 is preferved by Wecver, which runs thus : 
 
 * c Hie jacet Thomas, Abbas huius Monafterii. " 
 
 " This is the laft abbot (adds that author) for whom I find any infeription, 
 or epitaph, and the laft in my catalogue ; whofe furname was Ramrige." 
 
 " Vir fuis temporibus tarn dileftus Deo quam hominibus, propter que 
 caufas varias nomen in perpetua benedictione apud pofteros habens."— 
 (He was an excellent man in his time, beloved as well by God as men ; for 
 which reafon his name was had in perpetual blefllngs amongft pofterity.)— 
 Saith this fame Golden Regifter, in a fubfequent entry. 
 
 The abbot is in black j the altar is blue, and the pavement dark and 
 light green ; the mitre white, bordered with gold. The figure of God is 
 in red, and ?. blue robe : the glory is gold, on a yellow ground ; the crofs 
 is green, and the figure of Chrift fleih colour. The back ground is red and 
 gold : the letter is blue, white and red. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
. ■ 
 
 An INDEX for finding the Manuscripts, &c. 
 
 Mentioned in this Book. 
 
 Cotton Library, Britilh 'Mufeum. 
 Plate. 
 
 3,- --""»' ■* Vefpafianus, A. viii. 
 'II. III. IV. V. VI. 
 
 VII. X. XL XII. } Vitellius, A.xm. 
 
 XIII. - - - J 
 
 VIII. LL LIL - Claudius, D.ii. 
 
 IX. - - - - Julius, A. xi. 
 XIV. XV. 
 
 LIIL LIV. 
 XXXIV. XXXV. 
 XXXVI. XLIV. 
 LV. LVII. LIX. 
 LX. 
 
 XLVIII. - - Julius, E. iv. 
 LVI. - - - - Tiberius, A. iv. 
 LVIIL - - - Nero, D. xvii. 
 
 ^ X y L }Nero, D.Ari; 
 
 >Nero, D. vn. 
 
 No. 
 
 Harleian Library, Britifh Mufeum. 
 
 Plate. 
 XX. XXL XXII. ^) 
 
 XXHL XXIV. / 
 
 XXV. XXVI. 
 
 XXVII. XXVIII. 
 
 XXIX. XXX. \ 
 
 XXXI. XXXIII. J 
 XXXVII. - - No. 4866. 
 XLI. ----- .No. 2278. 
 XLV. - - - - No. 4826. 
 XLIX. L. - - No. 1498. 
 
 Royal Library, Britifh Mufeum. 
 Plate. 
 
 XIX. - - - - 20. B. 6. 
 XXXII. XXXVIII. 18. E. 2. 
 XLIII. - - - - 15. E. 6. 
 XLVI. - - - - 15. E. 4. 
 
 Weftmirifter Abbey. 
 
 Plate. 
 XVII. XVIII. 
 
 Bodleian Library, Oxford. 
 Plate. 
 
 XXXIX. XLII. - Digby. 233. 
 
 Bennet College Library^ Cambridge. 
 
 Plate. 
 XL. 
 
 Archbifhop's Library, Lambeth. 
 Plate. 
 
 XLVII. - - No. 265. 
 
 This Index, and the following, were drawn up by John'Fenn, Efq; F.A. S. 
 of Eaft Derham, in Norfolk, who was fo kind as to permit the author to 
 print them from his MS. He therefore takes this opportunity to return his 
 fincere acknowledgments to that gentleman, not only for thefe, but feveral 
 other fpecial favours received from him. 
 
CATALOGUE of the PLATES. 
 
 Plate 
 No. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 XXIX. 
 XXX. 
 
 XXXI. 
 XXXII. 
 XXXIII. 
 
 XXXVIII 
 
 XXXIX. 
 XL. 
 
 XL.. 
 XLII. 
 
 Kings, Princes, Noblemen, 
 Bishops, Knights, Authors, &c. 
 
 Henry Percy, jft earl of Northumberland - 
 perfuading Richard II. to go with him to 
 the dulce of Lancafter. The earl of 
 Salifbury, &c. are with the king. 
 The earl of Northumberland confirms by 
 oath to Richard II. &c. the truth of his 
 engagement. 
 Richard II. &c. riding towards Chefter, 
 meets the earl of Noithumberland with a 
 party of foldiers. 
 Richard II. at Flint caftle, attended by the 
 earl of Salifbury and bifliop of Carlifle; 
 refpedtfully faluted by Henry duke of Lan 
 carter, 20th Auguft, 1399. 
 Richard II. led into London by Henry duke 
 of Lancafter ; they are met by the citizens 
 of London, ift September, 1399. 
 Richard II. in his royal lobes, reiigning his 
 crown to Henry duke of Lancafter, 29th 
 September, 1399. 
 Richard II. 's reiignation declared in parlia- 
 ment, and Henry duke of Lancafter 
 recognized for king ; 
 The biAops fit on the right, and the 
 noblemen on the left hand of the throne ; 
 Henry earl of Northumberland, and 
 Ralph Nevill, earl of Weftmorland, 
 are ftanding. 
 Henry IV. crowned at Weftminfter, by 
 Thomas Arundel, abp of Canterbury 
 Richard acrope, abp of York, 1397 ■ 
 Will, de Colchefter, abbot of Weftminfter 
 Henry IV. in his royal robes, receiving from 
 Hoccleve a book, 1408. Nobles attending. 
 Henry V. on his throne, receiving from 
 John de Galopes a book ; on the right 
 L de Luxemburgh, chancellor of France 
 Henry VI, lurrounded by his courc atBury, &i 
 John duke of Beuford, regent of France, & 
 Humphrey duke of Glocefter, (1428-1441 ) 
 
 receiving from 
 Will. CurUis, abbot of Bury, a book - 
 Hen. V I. on his throne, receiving a book from 
 John Lidgate, a monk of Bui v 
 
 when 
 born . 
 
 began 
 
 to 
 reign 
 
 5 & 
 
 *i - 
 
 I407 
 
 I367 
 
 I388 
 
 1421 
 
 1399 
 
 I380 
 
 HI3 
 1422 
 
 Date of 
 MSS. 
 
 Hen. IV. 
 1401—1413 
 
 ! 
 
 Hen. VI. 
 1460. 
 
 
 \ Hen. IV. 
 
 
 
 1407 
 
 j 1401 — 1413 
 
 1425 
 
 
 1413 ' 
 
 I Hen. VI. 
 
 1413 
 
 1405 
 
 1460. 
 
 1421 - 
 
 
 
 • 1408. 
 
 1422 ^ 
 
 Hen. V. 
 
 '443 J 
 
 '1413—1422 
 
 '47 1 1 
 
 
 1435 
 
 Hen. VI. 
 
 H47 
 
 "1428 — 1440 
 
 144c j 
 
 
 144° ] 
 
 1422 — 1440 
 
CATALOGUE of the PLATES. 
 
 Plate 
 No. 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 XLIV. 
 
 XLV. 
 
 LIX. 
 XLVI. 
 
 XLVII. 
 
 XLVIII. 
 
 XLIX. 
 L. 
 
 LX. 
 
 Kings, Princes, Noblemen, 
 Bishops, Knights, Authors, &c. 
 
 when 
 born. 
 
 began\ | |, 
 
 to 
 reign 
 
 Henry VI. attended by lerds ami ladies, and 
 Margaret of Anjou, his queen - - - 
 
 receiving an account of the Garter from 
 John Talbot, earl of Shrewfbury. (1442) 
 Humphrey diike of Gloceftr (landing by. 
 Thomas Beauchamp, earl of Warwick 
 Margaret, his countefs, daughter of Will. 
 
 lord Ferrers of Groby. 
 , Humphrey duke of Glocefter, 4th fon 1 
 of Henry IV. ------ J 
 
 Eleanor, hisduchefs, daughter of Reginald 
 lord Cobham. 
 Thomas Montncute, earl of Salifbury - - 
 receiving from 
 John Lidgate, monk of Bury - - - 
 a book caMeJ The Pilgrim. 
 Sir Robert Chamberlyn, knt. 1417 - - 
 Edward IV. on his throne of ftate - - - 
 receiving from the author the Chronicle 
 of England ; 
 Richard duke of Glocefter - - - - 
 
 and other nobles {landing. 
 Edward IV. on his throne, and 
 
 Elizabeth hie queen, daughter of Sir Rd. 
 Woodville, earl Rivers, and widow of 
 Sir R. Grey. 
 Prince Edward (afterwards Edward V.) 
 ftanding. 
 
 Richard duke of Glocefter - - - . 
 
 and other nobles ftanding. 
 Anth. Woodville, earl Rivers, on his knee, 
 
 prefenting his book, and 
 W.Caxton, his printer, to the king, 1477 
 Prince. Edward, only fon of king Henry VI. 
 Ann, his princefs, (-afterwards queen ofi 
 Richard III.) daughter of Richard > 
 carl of Warwick - - - - • 3 
 
 Richard III. 
 
 Edward prince of Wales, fon of Richard 1 
 the Third and Ann ----- J 
 Henry VII. giving a book to - - - 
 
 John lAip, abbot of Weftminfter, 1498 - 
 John lflip, abbot of Weftminfter, hearing a 
 deed read, attended by a judge, lawyers, 
 and monks. 
 Tho. Ramryge, abbot of St. Alban's (1484) 
 praying to the Holy Trinity. 
 
 1380 
 1443 
 1453 
 
 Date of 
 MSS. 
 
 I 445i l $ 2 
 
 H53 
 
 1401 
 
 H47 
 
 1428 
 1440 
 
 H83 
 1485 
 
 1 461 
 
 Hen. VI. 
 l 445—M53 
 
 J 377— 146' 
 
 1470 
 
 H«3 
 
 1483 
 
 '453 
 
 
 1485 
 
 
 
 H83 
 
 141 1 
 
 
 1491 
 
 1453 
 
 
 147 1 
 
 
 
 1485 
 
 1453 
 
 H83 
 
 1485 
 
 *473 
 
 
 1484 
 
 1455 
 
 1485 
 
 1509 
 
 
 
 1516 
 
 
 
 1 516 
 
 
 
 1526 
 
 1417. 
 
 Edw. IV. 
 1461— 148.3 
 
 > H77- 
 
 \ 1461— 1 
 
 461—1509 
 
 Hen. VII. 
 '1498 — 1509 
 
 1 Hen. VII. 
 J 1485— 1 5°9 
 
A CATALOGUE of the PLATES 
 
 IN THE 
 
 Regal and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of England. 
 
 Plate 
 No. 
 
 I. 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 V. 
 LI. 
 
 XXXIV. 
 VI. 
 VII. 
 VIII. 
 
 IX. 
 X. 
 LII. 
 
 XI. 
 XII. 
 
 XIII. 
 XIV. 
 
 LIII. 
 
 LIV. 
 XV. 
 
 XXXV. 
 LV. 
 
 Kings, Princes, Noblemen, 
 Bishops, Knights, Authors, &c. 
 
 IO20. - 
 
 K ING Edgar adoring our Saviour 
 
 Edward the Confeflor - - "] - 
 Egitha his queen, daughter of ^ at 3 k*"^" 6 * 
 Goodwin earl of Kent - 
 
 Harold II. fhot into the eye T 
 
 >batt. of Haftings 
 William the Conqueror J - 1066. 
 
 William Rufus, in his robes of Irate 
 Henry I . furnamed Beauclerk, in robes of ftate 
 Henry I. bewailing the lofs of his children, 
 1 120. 
 
 Maud, queen of Henry I. 1101. - - - 
 Stephen, in the drefs of the time - - - 
 Henry II. in his coronation robes 
 Henry II. difputing with 
 
 Thomas of Becket, abp of Canterbury,n62 
 Thomas of Becket murdered at the altar 
 Richard I. imprifoned,i 192 — wounded, 1199 
 King John on horfeback, hunting a flag - 
 King John in robes of ftate, receiving a cup 
 Henry III. crowned by - - . - - - - 
 
 Peter de la Roche, bp of Winchefter, 1204 
 
 Henry Blont, abbot of Glocefter, 1205 - 
 Edward I. on his throne, receiving the 1 
 pope's bull from ----- j 
 
 Abp of Canterbury, and others. 
 Edward II. giving his marlhal'scommiflion to 
 
 Thomas of Brotherton, earl of Norfolk, 
 
 '3*5 - - " 
 
 Edward III. confirming the peace with 
 
 David II. king of Scotland, 1357 - 
 Joh n the Good, ki ng of France, pr i foner, 1357 
 Edward III. giving the conquered provinces 
 of France to ----- - 
 
 Edward the Black Prince, 1362 - - 
 Joan of Kent, wife of Edw. the Black Prince 
 Geofrey de Lucy, and 
 
 Mary de St. Paul, countefs of Pembroke 
 
 when 1 began 
 to 
 
 ban 
 
 943 
 
 1002 
 
 IO56 
 IO7O 
 
 IIO4 
 
 "33 
 
 1157 
 1 160 
 
 1206 
 
 1239 
 
 1284 
 1300 
 
 1321 
 
 1312 
 1330 
 
 reign 
 
 959 
 1 041 
 
 1066 
 
 1066 
 
 1088 
 1100 
 
 "35 
 1154 
 
 1189 
 1 199 
 
 1216 
 
 1272 
 
 1307 
 
 J 329 
 *3*7 
 
 973 
 
 1 066 
 1074 
 1053 
 
 1066 
 
 1088 
 
 1 100 
 "35 
 
 1 1 54 
 1 189 
 
 1 171 
 1 171 
 1199 
 1216 
 1216 
 1272 
 1238 
 1224 
 
 '3°; 
 
 1327 
 1338 
 
 1370 
 1364 
 
 1377 
 
 1376 
 1386 
 
 '377 
 
 MS. 
 
 when written, 
 or Illuminations 
 drawn. 
 
 966 
 
 Edw. I. 
 > 127 2— 1307 
 
 1377— 1461 
 j 1272— 1307 
 
 1172 
 1272 — 1307 
 
 / Edw. I. 
 \ 1272— 1307 
 
 14th 
 Century. 
 
 J'377- 
 
 1461 
 
CATALOGUE of the PLATES. 
 
 Plate 
 No. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 lvii. 
 
 XXXVII 
 LVI. 
 XVII. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 LVIII. 
 
 XX. 
 XXI. 
 
 XXII. 
 XXIII. 
 XXIV. 
 
 XXV. 
 XXVI. 
 
 Kings, Princes, Noblemen, 
 Bishops, Knights, Authors, &c. 
 
 John of Gaunt, duke of Lancafter, as high "1 
 fteward, and ------ J 
 
 Thomas ofV/ ood (lock, high conftable, 1377 
 Conftance, wife of John of Gaunt, and 1 
 daughter of the king of Caftile - J 
 Margaret, duchefs of Norfolk, daughter } 
 of Thomas of Brotherton - - j 
 Thomas of Woodftock, dake of Glocefter - 
 Geofrey Chaucer - - - - - - - 
 
 John Govver, a poet, fhooting at the world 
 Richard II. crowned by ----- - 
 
 Simon Sudbury, abp of Canterbury, 1375, 
 and 
 
 Nicholas de Lytlington, abbot of Weft- ] 
 minfter, 1361 - - - - - J 
 Henry earl of Derby (afterwards Hen. 4.) 1 
 with the fword ----- j 
 Ann of Bohemia, queen of Richard II. 
 crowned by 
 W. Courtney, abp of Canterbury, 1381 
 Richard II. on his throne, attended by of- 
 ficers of his court, and receiving a book 
 from a Celeftine monk - - - - - 
 Richard II. prefent at a combat, attended by 
 earl marlhal and high conltable of England 
 
 Francis de la Marque, a French gentleman, & 
 Janico D'Artois, a Gafcoigne knt. 1399. 
 Richard II. in Ireland, knights (1399) 
 Henry, fon of the duke of Lancafter .1 
 (afterwards Henry V.) - - - J 
 Tho. Spencer, earl of Glocefter, confers with 
 
 Mac Murrough, the Irifli rebel. 
 Tho. Arundel, abp of Canterbury, reading "l 
 the pope's bull - -- -- -- j 
 
 Richard II. at Conway caftJe,.confulting with 
 John Montacule, earl of Salifbury - - 
 Thomas Merks, bifhop of Carlifte, 1397 
 John Holland, duke of Exeter (earl of 1 
 Huntingdon) and - - - - J 
 
 Thcmas Holland., duke of Surrey - - 
 Dukes of Exeter &l Surrey riding to Chefter 
 The dukes of Exeter & Surrey introduced to 
 Henry of Bolingbrcke, duke of Lancafter 
 
 when 
 born. 
 
 1340 
 
 r 355 
 1354 
 
 I3SS 
 1328 
 
 x 3 2 3 
 1366 
 
 1366 
 
 began 
 
 to 
 rekn 
 
 mi 
 
 1382 
 
 1388 
 
 1367 
 
 a. >i 
 
 *399 
 '397 
 '394 
 
 J 399 
 
 '397 
 1400 
 1402 
 1400 
 .381 
 
 I3 86 
 
 x 394 
 1396 
 
 Date of 
 MSS. 
 
 1401 
 
 '4^3 
 
 1401 
 1401 
 
 1401 
 1401 
 
 I I4th 
 r Century. 
 
 Richard II. 
 
 . \377- 
 j> Edw. IV. 
 
 1461. 
 
 1 5th Century. 
 
 1 
 
 I Rich. II. 
 f l 377— 1387 
 
 *377 — *399 
 '377—1399 
 
 Hen. IV. 
 M401 — 141 
 
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