I ll i; 
 
 THORHTON-PICKARD MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
 ALTRINCHAM.NEAR MANCHESTER. 
 
 I ri< unipliir and l»osliil A«l«ln««*>: " I lioriiloii-l'Irkjiril. I llriin li:iin."* 
 
Hints on Instantaneous Photography. 
 
 Srt'CKSSFUL Iii.-tantaneou.s J'hotography is easy niid sinijilo if a little care and judpnent is 
 used in ob-er\ in;^' the necessHiy points that apply to this kind of work. The most essential 
 conditions are: - 
 
 Good light. 
 A rapid plate. 
 
 A shntter ha ving a hitrh co-efficiency. 
 
 As full an exp<|^u^e as the movement of the subject will allow. 
 A largre focal aperture. 
 
 Slow development with a very dilute developer, when the plate is under-exposed. 
 
 For Iiistantaiieoiis Subjects as long an exposure should be given as the subject will 
 allow. This depends upon tlie rale of jnotion and the distance from the camera, both of which 
 alYect the movement of the image on the plate during the moment of exposure. 
 
 Movement on the Plate. It is necessary to ascertain how much the subject may 
 move without showing any movement on the plate. It is generally considered that to obtain a 
 sharp photograph the movement of the image on the plate nuist not exceed 1-lOOth part of an inch. 
 
 illovenieiit of the Subject. The simplest way of arriving at the allowak>le amoui 
 of movement in the subject to obtain a .sharp photograph is as foUow.s:— Divide the dist'a/iiceof 
 subject from the camera in inches by 100 times the length of focus of the lens in <incbes. F 
 example: Distance of subject 25ft.— 500 inches; divide this b\- Ihi' focus of lens, say 6 inch 
 multii'lied l)y 100^f^g-=i inch (allowable amount of movenwiit oi subject). 
 
 The movement of subject during any given length of exposure can be easilj' calcn',iL:a iro 
 the known speed per second or per minute, as the case ma\- be. 
 
 Focal Aperture of Leii.s. In ordinary instantaneous work pernaps nothing 
 more important than to have a lens with a large focal apertme. and for high speed work it 
 almost necess;uy. A lens working at ' 5'6is twice as rapid as one working at /8; /4 is f 
 times as fast. 
 
 Shutter for Extreme Speeds. Wlien such extreme high speed is required, a 
 shutter whicn fits on the lens will not work fast enouf^h, but our Focal Plane .Shutter works up to 
 any desired s()eed for either a large or small lens. It is l)y the use of a lens with a large focal 
 aperture and this shutter of high co-efTiciency that the best possible results can l)e obtained. 
 
 The llevelopmeiit of instantaneous plu^tographs may be divided into two kinds. 
 Firstly, when all or mo<t of the above conditions have been present, and .sufficient expo.sure has 
 been obtained, tsecon lly, when the conditions have not been fulfilled, and the plates have been 
 under-exposed. 
 
 In the former case no special renuu'ks are necessary ; development takes place in the ordinary 
 way ; but when the plates are under-exposed (as is almost always the case with an extremely short 
 exposure, such as l-500th part of a second), special meaTis should be taken to make the best of It. 
 Of these means Text Books are almost always silent or very indefinite. In the development of 
 extremely short exposines we have personally found the following method successful. 
 
 For the Developkr we use the three necessary constituents only, viz.. Dry Pyro., Ammonia 
 and Bromide in the following proportions: Pyrogallic Acid (dry), 2 grains; Bromide of J'otas.sium, 
 1 grain ; Liquid Annnonia, '880, 2 minims; Water, 1 oz. (The two latter are conveniently kept as 
 10 per cent, solutions.) 
 
 In Extreme Cases. Take an ordinarv ammonia and pvro. developer (siich as thn above) and 
 dilute it with five times the usual bulk of water ; development will be very slow, but detail should 
 appear all over the plate. In twenty minutes add an amount of ammonia equal to 25 per cent, of 
 that already used, to make up for that which has evaporated. Repeat the same at the end of the 
 next twenty mimites. After the developer has been used for about an hour, replace it by another 
 made up as at first, and continue the operation in the saTue manner. After two hours probably 
 no further detail may be coaxed out. but we have sometimes continued for three hours. Very 
 often sufficient densitv is f>btained at the end of two Imurs (and nuich sooner, except in extreme 
 cases), but, if not, sufficient density may be obtained by applying a normal developer tor a short 
 time. 
 
 We have recently obtained good results with an Amidol developer. For extremely short 
 exposm-es the developer is made upas reconuuended by the makers (using the Amidol Powder 
 dry), but we dilute it with five times its bulk in water. We can highly reconmiend this developer 
 in most cases, as it is siinpler to use than pyro.. owing to the fact that it does not necessitate so 
 much rocking of the dish during prolonged "development. 
 
 Rock the Dish. When using pyro. the developer must be kept moving all the time, or the 
 negative will be covered with spots. &c. We use a simple form of rocking table, which is kept in 
 motion by a heavy weight. Four or five plates in a large or in separate dishes may be kept going 
 at the same time, and attended to as required. 
 
 Cover the Dish. During development the dish should be covered with the lid of a 
 larger sized plate box, or other means, so as to avoid fogging of plate by the continuous light of 
 the dark room lamp. 
 
 The l»ark Room sliould be comparatively brightly illuminated with a yellow 
 light: development should take place in the darkest corner away from the light, and in the 
 shadow of the person developing. 
 
 Thus for ordinarv inoving subjects, such as street scenes at a little distance, l-15th of a second 
 maybe taken as a standard. For such subjects a slower exposure would show movement, and 
 Avould therefore .spoil the resulting negative. (There are. of course, many-subjects that do not 
 require an instantaneous exposure, and Iw usingthe Shutter set for "Time" an exposure of l-8th 
 of a second, or any longer period, may be obtained.) 
 
Hayfield. 
 
Introduction. 
 
 |N .■nn,j,,!nn, tlu.( :th,lo.j,n >'■' hue, r,rh ar,„nrd lo mnkr thr dr.scriptiun vf each 
 m tirlr siinicn nthj ,,hini and di tuilfd to {jicc tlic intendiiuj purchaser a fair idea 
 uj till vontil ruction and workiitij. 
 
 n'c should he ijlad, hoaerer, if readers ivould kindly jjuint out any errors that 
 tlii'H may notice, or description ichu-h is not clear. We are at all times lileased to 
 i/ici- tiny further inforination desired, and solicit enquiries. 
 All ijoods of our niukc han- our name on. 
 
 THE THORNTON = PICKARD SHUTTERS. 
 
 'T'HEKK are (loul)tkss few, if any, prac tical pliotograpbers at the present day 
 * wlio would (juestioii the superioritv of the Holler ]iliud Shutter over every 
 other tyi)e; and no douljt all who have carefullv studied the theorv, construction 
 and practical use of va^rious kinds of Shutters'aie agreed that there is no other 
 lonn s<) satistactorv and reliable. It is now some years since we became convinced 
 ot this tact, since which we have made it our business to improve and perfect this 
 l)articular form of Shutter, and to make it the Shuttkr of thk Day How far 
 w.- liave succeeded may be judged from the fact that The Thorutou-Pickard 
 Shutters have now 
 
 THE LARGEST SALE IN THE WORLD. 
 
 They have been sc^nt to and are in use in the following' places, and many others. It 
 will l)e seen from this libt that the Shutters are suitable for use in all foreign climates. 
 EURO PE.--t^iKlH"il, France, Spain, Portugal, , AMERICA. - Ui.it,-.l States. Canada. Mexico 
 t.i iiiiaiiN. Kiissia, Austiia-HuM(,'ary. Italy, | \y..>t ■ 
 ■|u'ki\-. (JrcfCH". Switzerland, XoruaV, 1 Hriti 
 ^w,-,lrh. Denmark, II. .Man. I, UrlKinm, Malta. 
 ASIA. India, China, .la|>aii. linrniali. ( '(-\ ion, 
 I'ale-tine, Araliia, Slrait> Srtlli-MU'nts, .l;i\a. 
 AFRICA. Kj-'vpl, AlKt'fia, Siena bonne, 
 ( entral AlVica, Natal. Cape Colonv, 
 Meeliuanaland. Orange. Krec State, Main-itltis. 
 
 In<lie><. Argentina, Bennuda.s, Bi-aizilj 
 li (Guiana. 
 
 AUSTRALIA.- New South Wales, Victoria, 
 >'Hitli Australia, AVest Australia, Tasmania. 
 NEW ZEALAND. 
 FIJI ISLANDS, &c.. &c. 
 'yilH introduction of our Patent Time and Instantaneous Shutter has made it 
 ' j)ossibh! to give any exposure, from fractions of a second uj) to minutes or 
 hours, irithout vibration, and tlierefore to dispense with the use of the lens cap 
 entirely. 'J'his Shutter is used for all kinds of work, both by professional and 
 II nniteur i)hotographers. 
 
 'T'HI-; merits of the Thornton-Pickard Patent Time and Inst. Shutter are so widely 
 ' known that it is unnecessary to dwell upon them here. We may, however 
 mention that last season's sales again show an enormous increase ui)oii jn-evious re- 
 cords—another proof of this Shutter's sterling quality and suitability for its purpose. 
 pOK the information of those who may not have studied the matter, we beg to 
 ■ offer the following remarks upon the 
 
 Requirements of a Perfect Shutter: 
 
 It should be simple in <■( nistructioii and not liable to get out of order; it should be 
 well made and carefully titled ; it should work without vil)ration, or the jucture will 
 be blurred and the lens will eventually sutler by tlu- constant jar; there should be 
 no sudden reversal of t!ie moving parts, they should be light and well-balanced, and 
 travel in one direction only, otherwise yibi'ation will be unavoidable; the shutter 
 should work equally well in front or behind the lens, and upside down, sideways, 
 <<r in any otlier position; it should be safe and not liable to go otf accidentally ;" it 
 sinnild give even illumination all over the picture ; it should open instantly, remain 
 completely open for the greater part of the exposure, and then close instantly; the 
 time exj)osure should be completely under the control of the operator, so that 
 should the sui),iect show signs of movement he can close the sliutter by the pneu- 
 matic ball instantly, and so prevent the picture being blurred ; the release should 
 work with one scjueeze of the pneumatic ball, so that shoi't exi)osures, such for 
 instance as 1-lth, l-()th, or ]-lUth of a second (which would be too quick to get with 
 a lens cap, and too slow to get with an instantaneous shutter) may be obtained by 
 scjueezing the ball to open the shutter, and letting it go quickly to close; these 
 slM)rt exi)osures cannot be got when two scjueezes are necessary. Both in theory 
 and i)ractice the above points are necessary in a perfect shutter tor all-round work. 
 'I'lie Thonitoii-Pickard Time and Instantaneous Sliutter possesses every 07ie of them. 
 
 3 
 
Time and Inst. Shutter. 
 
 HORNTON-PlCKARD 
 
 PATENT 
 
 SPEED 
 
 Of the smallest size 
 up to l.notli of 
 a second. 
 
 Ficf. 1. 
 
 npIME & INSTANTANEOUS 
 
 * == jShutter =— 
 
 StaiKlanI Fatteru. To fit on either the Hood or Tube of the Lens. 
 I'ARTICl'l.AKS ,,f thp SMAJ.LEST SIZE, to lit Hooil or Tube up to li inches diam. : 
 ■Weight, 5ozs. Dimfasion-s. 3i x 21 x | inches. Kaxge of Speed, from l-15th to l-90th of a second 
 
 for Instant'Sneous, and prolonged Time Exposures also. 
 •;^^HE above ilhHtration shows the external appearance of the Thorntox-Pickard Time and 
 fC^ Instantaneous ShuttHr. which is the one recommended for greneral all-round work. The 
 Shnttcr i- simplicitv it^-lf ; there is no complieated mechanism to get out of order. It 
 is a p^n-fect suti^titutc tin- th.- Iriis cap. and much more handv and reliable. . ^ 
 
 The same SlaUtcr may lie us.- 1 with any number of lenses, of different sizes, by the use of 
 our Patent Adaj)tors (price from 8(1. each) de-^cribed on page 17. 
 
 The Shutter is fuUv described on the two following pases. . 
 
 * When a Speed Iwlicalor i.^ not Htled an Ivot-v LaheJ in attached to ever}! Shutter showing itie 
 hiahest and loicest speed at tchich tht- Shutter irill work for Im^tantaneoux Exposures. 
 
 4 
 
Time and Inst. Shutter. 
 
 Description of the Thornton = Pickard Time and Instantaneous 
 Shutter (Standard Pattern;. 
 
 'X'llK Illustration Fig. 2 ^hoMs the Shutter in bectioii. In the interior of thp ca»e ^Miiich is 
 ■ ni;Kle of mahogany of a rich dark colour, and is nicely poUshed and finished; there are two 
 
 rollers A and B. one at the top and the other at the bottom. A piece of flexible and 
 
 perfectly light-proof cloth 1), the full width of the case, is joined at its opposite 
 ends to these rollers, so that it can be wound off one on to the other like a blind or 
 ourtain. Midway in the blind a rectangular hole is cut somewhat larger than tin? 
 lens hood; this is indicated by the thick dotted line II. The interior of the bottom 
 loUer contains a spiral storing made of the best fine steel wire. This spring ciin be 
 M ound up to increase the speed by the knob S (sec Fig. 1). The spring catch 
 (shown in the same illustration) drops into a notch cut in the knob, for the pur- 
 pose of holding it when woimd up. A slight downward pressure on this catch will 
 allow the spring to run down to its lowest tension. After leltingthe driving spring 
 run down to the lowest, one or two turns should be given to the knob, if necessary, 
 so as to put suthcient tension on the spring to just i)ull the blind down. This 
 remark does n<jt apply if the Shutter is fitted with a Spee<l Indicator, as the latter 
 forms a stop and jirevents the spring from unwinding loo far and also from f)ver- 
 winding. At the end of the top roller is a small pinion, which works into a toothed 
 wheel on the out«;ide of the case, as seen in Fig. 1. The arm or pointer, also seen in 
 the engraving, u.av be placed at "Timk" or " Ixsr." When the Shutter is worked 
 with the i)ointer at "Inst.,"- as shown, it keeps dear of the wheel, and allows 
 the blind to run to the bottom, giving an Instantaneous exposure; but if the 
 pointer is placed at "Time" the wheel is stopped by means of a projecting stud, 
 which causes the half-unwound blind to remain ojien and give a prolongeil expo- 
 sure, until the ball is released. At the end of the top roller, inside the case, there 
 is a pullej- 1', on to which the cord C winds. This coi-d, which is made specially strong for the 
 purpose, ternnnatcs in a small tassel as sliown. The Shutter has a lai-ge round aperture 
 through it froni back to front. The back part is recessed, and is line<l with a piece of J'atent 
 Rul)her Moulding H, of special form, for the purpose of accurately fitting the lens, which is 
 also shown. Should the fit be rather too slack, it may l>e made tighter by turning an adjusting 
 screw at the side of tlie .Shutter, not show n in the engraving. 
 The action of the Shutter is as follows : 
 
 For an Instantaneous Exposure place the icver op{M-)sitc the word inst. 
 
 (See Fig. I, paj,'c 4.) I lic ( (.nl i- Hkmi i tillc d <iui as f;ira> it will come by means of the tassel, which 
 causes the wheel to ivsolve until the serond stud catches in the notch of the le\er, making two 
 clicks. The pulling of the cord winds the blind upon the top roller, so that the opa(|ue bottom 
 end covers the opening, and conseciuently the lens. If, now. the ))neuniatic ball is pressed. It 
 will lift the lever clear of the stud and release the wheel, allowing the blind to i-.ipidly re-wind 
 upon the bottom spring roller. The aperture in the blind therefore passes nipidly across tlm 
 opening in the Shutter case, which is instantly covered again by the oi«a<iue end of the blind. Tho 
 exposure tlni> (.'ivcn j> lu>t.iut:tiK-(»us one. 
 
 The Duration of the Exposure '•an be asci'rtained li\ cnunting the number 
 of turns given to the speed knob S, and ref»'rring to the ivory label on ihc >iile of th« Shutter, 
 which gives the highest, lowest, and the meditim spoeed. Intermediate nundier of tm-ns may bo 
 given to the speed knob, which will give Intermediate siMH'ds. For a small extni charge tho 
 Shutter is fitted with a Speei/ Jmlivator (*ce Fig. 5.) This consi>ts of a dial. marke<l in fractions of 
 a second, attached to the side of the Shutter, an<l a pointer on the end of the spring-roller spindle. 
 The speed is indicated on the dial in fractions <if a second by the jiointer. which can be set to tho 
 speed desired by means of tlie Knnli. The Indicator is a great ac<pii>ition ; it does not Jvtard 
 or affect the working of the Shutter in any wax , and is strongly reconnnend>'d. 
 
 [Continued on nc.r( paijc. 
 
Time and Inst. Shutter. 
 
 Time ami lu.stautsiueoiis Shutter (Standard Pattern)— fco^^uiuec/j. 
 'T'HE speeds of each size of Sli utter have been arrived at after a series of very careful tests with 
 * apparatus constructed speciall)' for the pui-pose. 
 
 For Time Exposures the cord is pulled to its limit as before, 
 but the lever is placed opposite the word " Time." On squeezing the pneu- 
 matic ball the blind stops open by means of the stud, which catches in 
 the notch of the lever as before described; it remains open until the 
 pressure on the ball Is released. Thus a Time exposure of any required 
 duration may be given. In this case the exposure connnences instantly 
 the ball is squeezed, and terminates inmiediately the pressure is released. 
 Beyond this there is no limit to the dui'ation of the exposures that may 
 be obtained. Vio. 3. 
 
 For very long Exposures, such, for instance, ns are re(|uired for Intehxohs, 
 there is no necessity to hold the ball all the time. Without Jirst sett iii^r th" Shutter pull the cord 
 half-ii.aii, that is, until the first click is heard. This sets the Shutti r full open, and it may be left 
 so for the desired time of exposure, after which it can be closed b> >inipl\ Mjueezing tlie ball. 
 
 For Focussing, the shutter remains open in the same manuer, Chat is, if the cord is 
 pulled only half-way— luitil the first click is heard. 
 
 'TpHIS Shutter is yery suitable for HAND CAMERAS, and Avhen riMiuiied is lilted witli special 
 
 * form of Kelease and Self-Capping Blind, as described on page 8. 
 
 A LL our Shutters are made upon the Roller Blind principle (like the iilKu e") : It is nit(|invsf jon- 
 ably the best, and it is acknowledged to be so by all experts— but h in tlicniv ;inii pr;ici ice. 
 They work Avith an ease and perfection that is surprising, and i( li<'\f tin; niiml nl tlie 
 
 operator of every care pertaining to the exposure. No other Shutter has yet been in\ente(l that 
 
 has the same Mdvantages. 
 
 'X'HOSE who have not time to study the Catalogue in detail should not miss reading " Hints 
 
 * on It\stantaneous Photography," and the " BequiremeTits of a I'crfect Shutter" (page 3). 
 
 Aluniinitini Fittings for Time and Instantaneons Shutter, 5 - extra. 
 Sky Shade and Flap (attachable and detachable); also acts as a Safety Flap; 
 from 3 0. 
 
 Instructions for ordering toUl he found with the Fricc Li.)>t, pi((je -W. 
 
 THE 
 
 aRNTON-piCKARD 
 
 , PATENT 1® 
 
 ©EHlND = XiENS 
 
 • jQhutter . 
 
 (Time and Instantaneous). 
 
 THIS shutter is of exactlv tlu> same constructton ;is the ;ibovc Standnril Pattern, but is 
 arranged to be screwed to the V:>.\\o\ of the Camera, Froi.t. as in the ilhist rat imi <if \ Knby 
 Camera on Fi?. 21, jiauc 24. ])ractieallv acting a> an inside Slmttcr. It thm lorni- a part of 
 the Camera, and is al\\a\ s rn-nil\- attaclied and in iio^itioii. The liacl< is litti'd witli \rlM>t, which 
 ensures a litrhl-tiulil ioini when llic Shut ter i> sravwcdio Ihe Panel of the Camera Proiif. The 
 lens tlanuf i-- screwed to a, delacliahle pnnel u hii-h liK inh. IIh- lionf of the Shnllei'. tvxtiM, 
 J'anels lor otiiei' Planves iiiay he had. so thai an\ nnrnher of |en-e> inaN be used willi Ihc'same 
 Shutter, and any one instantly ili-o])|ied into its place re'ady for immediate use. 
 
 l^rice List, 2^ci(ie 36. Speed Indicator S/O extra. 
 
 Other patterns of SIiuAtcrs made as Behind-Le)is Shutter to order, price .'.' 6 e.rtra. 
 
 The Shiittrr sltinil'l l>r ittlnrhfit to the <_'niii('ra Froid /'a)irl hn four uvdiiutry .iinull isrnn's 
 passed tlirouali r'roin th< Jtark of' tlic J'aiiel nilo the relvel-rovi n-d' hark of the 'Shtttter. Care 
 should be taken lltat these I'iereies arc not tvo tong so as to vijttre ihe blind. 
 
 6 
 
stereoscopic Shutter. 
 
 THE 
 
 IflORNTON-PlCKARD 
 
 ig, Patent \^ 
 
 STEREOSCOPIC 
 
 5 H UTTER 
 
 (TIME and 
 IN5T.> 
 
 To Fit nil Uie Hoods or Tabes of Lenses. 
 
 Foil iSti-refiscopic work a i<(jo(1 Time and Inst. Shutter is an (ibsoliili' neiemlii. Tlii> i- tlie 
 Simplest and tin- Best Shutter for the i)urpose. It is constructed nnon exiictiv tlie sauia 
 Hnes as the Standard Tatlern Time and Inst. Shutter, of wliich a iletaiied description Is 
 >.'i\en on i)atfes 4 to 6. It has a great ran^e of speed for Instantaneous Kxposures. In addition 
 to Time Exposures, and will, therefore, give any exposure fr<jm fnietious of a sw<jnd tip to 
 miiuites or hours. The exposure is exactly the same to esich lens, and there b no vibration. 
 Tnis hiiurrcR is uneqlallku fob Stekeoscopic wouk. 
 
 rAKTKILLAUS OF THE SMALLEST Sl/E, for l^lu. lliMxNup 1 o 3iin. Cent rcs : 
 >\ eight, 80/.S. Dimensions, 5^ x 6i x g inches. Itiiige of Speed, from l-15th to l-90tLi of <i 
 second, and prolonged Time Exposures also. 
 PRICE, from Speed Indicator, 3,0 extra. 
 
 Price List, iia<je 36 ; InMnictions for Ordering/, page 37. 
 J'lirtkulars of Speed JTuIirator ami Table of A>fieeds, po'je 18. 
 
 BEHIND-LENS STEREOSCOPIC. 
 
 T 1 1 IS is a special form of llie above Shutter to be attactied to Camera Front. The len^<'s are 
 mounted upon a detachable panel that tits into the front of t he Shutter. The Shutter there- 
 fore work> behind the lenses, pnictically forming an Inside Shutter, and is always in 
 position ready for work. The detiichable panel can be instantly removed when it is desired ti> 
 substitute another carrying other lenses, or h single lens. The openhig in the blind l>eingthe 
 full width of the Shutter permits the using of eltlier a pair of lenses for Stereoscopic work, or a 
 .single lens opposite tin- centre of the plate for ordinary views. 
 
 FUK'K, from 'JJMi. Speed Indicator, extra. Price List, pane 36. 
 
 BEHIND-LENS Stereo., with ADJUSTABLE CENTRES. 
 
 i> pattern the Shutter 
 ■ lens t1aii;ie> are Iikh 
 lle.l wheel nr MTew, >. 
 
 'KK'K, from ."U ii. 
 
 arrk's two smaller Panels which slide latenill\' in grixnes. and 
 I tliesi'. The adjiisttiient Is made bv >impl>" turning a small 
 lie centres can be varied from 2iiii. to 3iin. 
 
 Price List, 
 
 Si»f( (l Indicator, .'{ 0 extra. 
 
 p<lilr ;it, 
 
 THE following are special forms of Time and Instantaneous Shutter, suitable for sjMcial 
 re(|uirements. They aiv, a little more bulky than the Standaiil I'atteni Time and ln»t.. 
 but In other respects have e<pial advantages. A genenil description of the working >\ ill be 
 IimiimI on pa^'c> 5 ami 6. 
 
 EXTRA-RAPID SHUTTER (Time and Inst. 
 
 Shult'-r having tw< 
 
 lb. nfre. Speei 
 
 S] I (.r llie -mall 
 
 openings in the dnubb- 
 , one-half ipiicker I lian 
 
 St -l/.e U|> Im 1 I.SOl ll ul' ;i 
 
 lillml. which C4iUM- it to open front mid cl<>>e to 
 the Standard ratlern Tlmi> and In^t . Shutter, 
 -ei'dini. 'I'aiilc wf Speeds on \ui)i<- IK. 
 
 FOREGROUND SHUTTER mm.. „d i„st. 
 
 QIVKS mure exposure to the foreground than the sky. Specially stiitabtc for cloud effect-, 
 laml-cape-. seax apes, and similar siibjecl>. NorK.— Tills Shutter is i-cciinnticndi'«l on tbe 
 llnnd ill piefi reiicc to the Tube. Speed of the smallest size up to l-90tli of a second, saniu 
 .is SlaiiilanI I'atteni Pime and In.st. Shutter. Table of Speeds on v>agc 18. 
 
 I'Kli'E, of both the above, from Speed Indicator, Mi c.\tra. 
 
 I'rke List, [HUje 36; /rufructionsfot' Orderim/, page 37. 
 
 7 
 
Hand Camera Shutters. 
 
 gHUTTERS 
 
 FOR 
 
 Hand Cameras 
 
 Time & Instantaneous (standard Pattern). 
 
 This 
 bohiiid t 
 
 Tt i< qui, 
 ]y.v^o< 4 1 
 tn the d. 
 hiitton f 
 (ittcd tV, 
 liood or 
 
 1»UI€E, from Price List, page m. 
 
 Speed from l-90th of a second up to any longer time, 
 is the best, and is unequalled by any other form of Shutter, it may Ih' I 
 he lens, and sideways or upside down. It is equally efficient in any po> 
 -in-i's from fractions of a second up to any desired lenVth of jiroloti^ed " '1' 
 Mx adjusted, and free from vibration. A ftill description of the Slnitter ' 
 < > 6. The winding or setting cord of the Shutter is left extra long so th 
 ■sired length after fitting to the Oainera. It is lifted witli a cord and 
 iir tlie release, but either pneumatic ball ;nul tube or trigger release are 
 r 1 - extra when so ordered. The smallest size (which lits on a lens 
 tube up to lijin. diameter) measures only 3,iiu. x 2gin. x gin. 
 
 Fitted with Self=Capping Blind. 
 
 I*IM€E, from *>2/6. Price List, page 3G. 
 
 'I'he Self-Capping Blind is a very valuable adjunct to the above Shutter, and 
 only increases the size by^in.in thickness. It automatically coveis tlir leiis 
 M-hilst setting the Shutter for the next exposm-e, and as soon as the SluiUi'i is 
 set it springs l)ack again, leaving the lens free to pass light as snon ;is the 
 Abutter is released to make the exposure. Thus the sensitive plate ni;i\ ;ih\ :i\ s 
 remain uncovered in the Camera ready for instant use. 'I'tie Si lt-( ':ii)])inir Blind 
 is very necessary when using a Magazine or Roll Holdei- in the Hand <';iinera,. 
 A reference to Fig. 5 will show the working of the Shutter and Self-( 'api)ing 
 lilind. Tlie smallest size of Shutter with Self-Capping Hlind (wliich lits on a 
 Lens Hood or Tube up to l^in. diameter) measures S^in. x 2|in, x lin. 
 
 Combined Lens and Shutter. 
 
 PRICE, *5. 12s. 6d, Speed Indicator, 3/0 extra. 
 
 This is exactly the same as the one fitted to the Thornton- 
 I'ickai-d Hand Camera (page 30), and meets a great want which 
 lias been felt by makers of Hand Cameras, viz. :— the need for a 
 very fast lens with a Thornton-Pickard Shutter between the com- 
 liiuations, so that it should be compact and'occupy no more room 
 in a Hand Camera than the lens itself, the Shutter giving every 
 length of exposure reqtiired, and being Self-Capping. 
 
 'I'iie Combined Lens and Shutter is the most perfect ever 
 introduced. 
 
 The quality and workmanship are of the best. 
 
 The fittings are of Aluminium, and therefore very light. 
 
 The Lens is of the finest English manufacture, the best that 
 we know of. and is fitted with Ins Diaphragm, which may be set 
 by the pointer to the scale as shown in Fig. 6. It works at the 
 large aperture of/5'6, and is, therefore, suitable for very rapid 
 work. 
 
 The Shutter is the Time and Inst. (Standard l^attern). giving 
 exposures from l-90th of a second up to any desired length of time, 
 and is fitted with the Self-Capi)ing P>lind as described above. 
 
 The Shutter and Self-Capping Blind work between the com- 
 binations of the Lens, and the whole is coinbitied into the smallest 
 possible space. For those requiring a lirst-class Lens and Shutter 
 nothing better can be had. 
 
 Fig. 5 
 
 I'lG. 6. 
 
 8 
 
Testimonials. 
 
 USERs'^OF 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 " Five yoars' cxperii-nce of your Shuttois makes 
 iiip boUcvc there is no bctur."— 1". 1). T. 
 
 " Tor tho last couijlp of years 1 have usi-d one of 
 your Time Shutteis with the (in atest sjitisfaction. 
 Nearly all of my t-xposurps sinec I first posRPgsed 
 the in!-triiiiienl' lia\c tievn made throusli it." 
 
 J.O. S, 
 
 " Five year-' experienee of a Thoruton-Piekavd 
 'lime and Instantaneous Sliuiter, durioK whieh I 
 made thousands of exposures witliout a hiteh, t.ou- 
 vinces me of its practical value.' F. I» T. 
 
 SWEDEN. 
 
 " I am very plcase<l witii tlie Timr' Sliutter, 
 indeed; it has' sreat ran)fe of speed, no vibration 
 at all, is litfht and solid, easy to work, and gives an 
 even exposure over the wlioU field. 'I'he Time 
 arrangement is excellent and sjife. Of course, it is 
 much more convenient to use the Shutter instead 
 of the lens cap for what are called Time expos\ires." 
 
 P. K. 
 
 PRUSSIA. 
 
 *' It Is a jrreat pleasure for me to pronounce that 
 I am very content with your Shutter. I take evei-y 
 opportunity of n commendinn youi' Sliiitters lo 
 every photosraphr r "-- I' K 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 '• I am highly satisfied with the two Shutters 
 you supplied some time a(fo." (' I). A. 
 
 •' It has (.'Iven iiie e«lirr' satisfaction, and I have 
 >.ueice<led tielter with it th:in oilier Shutterg " 
 M \i 1' 
 
 ITALY. 
 
 " We are j) rfe. tl) siitKtli'd w ith It. in fin t we 
 are quite sure and .ire prepared to say It ranks the 
 t1r»t anioni/>-t all itv sort of Photographic .Vppanitus 
 we have here in ltal> 
 
 CAPE COLONY. 
 
 "I have hail i-ne of \oiir Time ShutU-rs in use 
 for some time, and IoiiikI it the best 1 have ever 
 used In fact It Is a pleasure lo work with it." - 
 
 w 1, t; 
 
 INDIA. 
 
 " I find absolutely no vibration in either the 
 Time or Instantaneous move:iients, freedom from 
 which I have found in no other Shutter (and they 
 are nianydhat I have tried "—1' 1) 
 
 SINGAPORE. 
 
 •' I have had llii- Sliutli r over four vejirs, and 
 have used it many hundreds oftlnu's.und it has 
 never failed me When 1 koI the Shutter several 
 ol my friends pn»phesied that it would not stand 
 this tropical climate, but I am pleased to say that 
 li hiw done all that could be desired It wius the 
 fli-st of its class to conic out here, and now there 
 are several do/eiis in the settlements, and I have 
 not heui-d of one fallini,' ■ \ N\ H 
 
 NEW ZEALAND. 
 
 "The Shutter iilves iii> ciislonier ;;reat sjitisfac- 
 tlon ■ K II 
 
 INDIA. 
 
 "I work Willi no . liber ll never falls me, and 
 there is no vibration This Shutter Is especially 
 KooJ for India, as there is nothlnir to rust about 
 It ' Jiiiii nul nt (/if P/tutu SiM ielii ut Iitiittl 
 
 CHINA AND JAPAN. 
 
 "The Shutter has proved very serviceable both 
 In China and .Tapan."— W I) II 
 
 AUSTRALIA. 
 
 i rrnR " The Shutter works very 
 
 SrrRKosf oI'K; .* 
 well,"- H K K 
 
 NEW ZEALAND. 
 
 " The Shutter has come to hand It fit^ like a 
 (jlote. and uu,ks like a charm "—W 1) 
 
 ' It may interest you to know that your Time 
 and Instantaneous Shutters are (juite the most 
 [lopular 1 have seen out here " (' T. K 
 
 BRITISH GUIANA. 
 
 " Thoutrh it is scarcely possible to find a climate 
 worse for all rubber (fooils than this, we have never 
 experienced any trouble w ith the blind, and our 
 Hand Camera li.'is on many occasions of exposure 
 become ciuite hot .a the suii H. & Co. 
 
 " I may mention that during eighteen months* 
 not very careful use, including much cycle travel- 
 ling, it h.as never given me a moment's "trouble." 
 
 H O. 
 
 " I have had one of your Time and Instantaneous 
 Shutters in use for some years, and it Is still in u» 
 goo<l working condition as when 1 got it. and I can 
 lussure you it has given every satisfiu'tion I reall) 
 think it has no equal"--K S. 
 
 '• 1 have used it for (vei-vlli nti. and could not 
 possibly do without it^ it U so' useful I have 
 reeomiiiended your Shutters to sevei-al friends, and 
 who I know h.ivi' purchased them and like them a* 
 well as I do ■ I W T 
 
 What the Preas* saya:— 
 
 "Its action is really admirable, the mechanism 
 being both ingenious and simple. It is well made, 
 and the various actions are effected without any 
 jar" J Tk\ii i. Twioh, Ksq , Kdltor Bnlish 
 J iiiniiil of l'hotii<ii <ii>h>i. 
 
 • The Thorntoii-l'ickard Time Shutter exactly 
 fulfils your re(|Uireinents /'yio'm//vi/i/(i/. 
 
 •• The ThornUin-l'ickard Tiiiie Shutter is a very 
 good instrument We have used one for the pji-st 
 two seiLsons. w ith considei-iible pleasure and suc- 
 cess' ■ Phnliiijriipln/ 
 
 " We can thoroughly recommend theThornton- 
 I'lckurd Time and Instantaneous ShutU'r, and 
 think vou w ill find it the preferable of the tw o 
 l lwliMjruiihii (.Vnswers to Corresiwiidentsj 
 
 " Tlic Shutter of Tliornton-l'ickard. shown by 
 sevenil dealers, still holds the piilm, and it w ill be 
 noticed that several of the chief makers of Hand 
 Camei-as have miopted it There is perhaps no 
 accessorv on which so much ingenuity has been 
 spent— and w listed as the Instjintaneous Shutter. 
 The demand for i-npiditv has for years been so 
 insatiable that many scores of patents have been 
 brought out Hut in most eases the complicated 
 mechanism adopted has not b. en able to sUind the 
 wear ,uul tear ot .•oiislant u-e The Tliorntou 
 I'ickard Shutter is almost the only one w hich has 
 withstood all tesU, and is usable for -Time' as 
 well as • Instantaneous ' purposi's " T/»c (llube. 
 
Snap Shot Shutter. 
 
 HORNTON-PlCKARD 
 
 NAP 5H0T 
 
 5HUTTER. 
 
 PRICE from io/ = 
 Speed Indicator, 3/6 extra. 
 
 (Price List, page 36.; Speed from l-dO(fi se<-. 
 
 For all kindt of Instnnfaneous Subjects. It is the Simplest. It is the Cheapest and Afost EJficient. 
 It is uell-made and beantifxdhi Jinished. 
 
 AS it'< natnp implies, this is an Instantaneous Slmttev. It has the mprit of great simplicity, 
 coupled with a great" ran fje of speed (see Table of Speeds on page 18). 
 
 LIKE the Thornton- Pickard Time and Instantaneons Shutter, it is made njion the roUer- 
 hliiid priiiei)ile. and is therefore absolutely free from vibriition when working. Althougli 
 low in priee, it is just as well made and finished. Tlie motive power is obtained by a 
 *;piral spring made of the l)est line steel wire. 
 
 THE general construction and working of the Slmtter will bo readily 
 understood by reference to the description of thf linn' and 
 Instantaneous' Shutter (Standard rattern) descrilH'd nu jiayc 5, tlie 
 main point of difference being that this Shutter is not adajiled for 
 prolonged Time exposures. For Instantaneous work, it is all that can 
 be desired, and is readily adjusted for various speeds. 
 
 The Speed Indicator described on page 18, and shown in the 
 accompanying illu-^tration, is strongly recommended. It shows the speed 
 of the Shutter at a glance. 
 
 For Hand Cameras this Shutter is very suitable and when requii'ed 
 Is fitted with special form of release and Self-Capping Blind as described 
 on page 8. 
 
 No Vibration with the Snap Shot Shutter. 
 
 Particulars or the Smallest Size, to lit Hood or Tube up to l^in. diameter: Weight, 4iozs. 
 Dimensions, 3i x 2| x | inches; Kange of Speed, froin l-15tli to l-90th of a second. 
 (Table nj sperds \>ii<jc 18 ' 
 Instructions 'for ordering, page 37. 
 The. Shn/ler ti orks eqindly well tvh:'thcr fitled to the Lens ITood n: Ike Lcii^ hodij. 
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 " The Snap Shot Shutter is a little 'aem ' and will. I feel sure, give trreat satisfaction."— W. R P. 
 
 I am very pleased with it, and believe it capable of doing all that it has been de.signed lodo." -\V. V. \^ 
 " I have an l.^in Snap Shot Shutter, with which I am very well pleased."— A. K. 
 " The Snap Shot Shutter works perfectly ."— A. T. 
 
 I have a Snap Shot Slmtter and am very pleased with it."— T.M.R. 
 
 The Shutter works well, without perceptible vibration." — U. F 
 
 Flu. 8. 
 
 10 
 
Special Shutter. 
 
 HORNTON-PlCKARD 
 
 5PECIAL 
 
 Shutter 
 
 dfor fbiQb SpeeO instantaneous movk. 
 
 Speed of the smallest size up to l-180th of a second. 
 FKK'i:, from Speed Indicator, 3/0 extra. Price List, patje 36. 
 
 FOR fliox' whn require ;i iiiiifki-r Slinttor than tlic onlinarv Time and Inst, pattern, for ><pecial 
 work, this is tlie qnicki-st fonn ol Holh r lilind Shntter it is i)Ossit)k' to innke to work on the 
 l<'n>. It, has a <l(»nl)le l)liii(l haxin^' two opi-iiinjis, whieli pa-ss arros.s the lens in opposite 
 tliici tions at tlie ,-anie time; tlie Shutter therefore opens from and closes to the centre. 
 
 ALrihiK.ii it cannot be niiuie to >,'ive such short exposures as oiu- Focal IMaiie Shutter (whicli 
 lils Into liic hack of the Camera), it is fast enoufjti for many suhjicts that re(iuiro a very 
 rapid Shutter, and possesses the great advantage of heing small in hulk. It is litte<l in front 
 of the lens, and has a great range of speed. 
 
 IT is suitahle for such special work as race finishes, athletes running, jumping, or leaping, 
 aidiiials in nifdion. and similar subjects. 
 
 TIIK SImtter Is woiukI up by turning a knob. An extra .'■tiong driving-spring is used, and the 
 various parts are niiulo specially strong to withstand the extra strain. 
 
 Tilt: other details of its general construction and working will be midily understood by refe- 
 rence to the description of tlie Time and Instantaneous Shutter (Standaixl Pattern) 
 described on i>age 5, the main point of ditt'erence being that this Shutter works at twice 
 the speeil, and is not a<lapte<l for i)rolonge(I Tlino Exj)osures. 
 
 TIIK Speed Indicator described on jKige 18. and shown in the accompany- 
 ing illustration, is strongly recommended. It shows the speed of the 
 Shutter at a glance. 
 
 NO VIBRATION WITH THE SPECIAL SHUTTER. 
 
 r.viiiici i.Aiis or iiii; Smai.i.kst Sizk, to lit Hood ni- Tnhe up to Igin. diaiii. 
 Weight. 6i ouni es ; Dimensions, 5 x ^4 x i;^ inches; Kaiige of Speed 
 from l-30th to l-180th of a second (twice its fast as the bUuidard 
 Pattern Time and Inst. Shutter). 
 
 ( Table of Sp^eih, paijp 18. ) 
 
 WHEN ORDERING 
 
 iiig eimiigli to meet round the Lens Hood or Tube. 
 
 I iis,'il on till' Lens Tube in /n i^/i rtnce to (he Hood. 
 
 I'lease send a narrow strip of paper .iu>t 
 N»»l t.— y'/(M ,'<hiiUer IS rtcoininendeil / 
 
 TESTIMONIAL. 
 
 WK have fully tested the Special Shutter upon the ( 'hronogranh. and liud the claim of thfl 
 Company for ver.v high speed is tull\ Justitied; the image which it <;a»t at all s})eeds being 
 sharp and clear, thus denoting full illumination. We congratulate the Company ujkmi the 
 undoubted success they have obtained in the construction of this Shutter.- Henry Sti rmky, 
 Ks<|.. Kdltor of I'lmlDiiiiiplni. 
 
 11 
 
Focal Plane Shutter. 
 
 HORNTON- PiCKARD 
 
 PATENT 
 
 PRICE from 35/- 
 Speed Indicator, 
 
 3/6 extra. 
 
 SPEED from 
 l-30th to l-IOOOth 
 
 of a Second. 
 
 Fig. 12. 
 
 Focal plane 
 
 Shutter 
 
 WITH PATENT ADJUSTABLE SLIT. 
 
 PRICE, from 35,- Speed Indicator, 3/6 extra. Price List and Instructions for 
 Ordering, page 37. 
 
 8PEEI> ranges from l-'2u to 1-1000 of a second in every size of this Shutter. 
 PARTicuLAlts OF THK SMALLEST SiZK, for 4^ X ^ in. plates: 
 Weight, lOozs. Dimensions, x 6 x 1^ inches (not inchiding Adaptors). 
 
 FOR those who desire to obtain instantaneous photographs of subjects ha\ ing an 
 extremely rapid movement, such as flying birds, animals and men leaping, 
 jumping, &c., &c., this is the best Shutter. It gives a shorter exposure and 
 passes a larger percentage of light than any other form. 
 
 [Continued on following page. 
 
Focal Plane Shutter. 
 
 llM' liioiiiloifPickard Focal Pluu« iSliiittcr 
 
 -(continiuidj 
 
 I '^'•i^" Vr^l'slmrT'.',.■ " ^'I'rl*''" 'iV'''"^'' ;U'<'.'' t»U' Roller Blind principle, like all the Th.mito;.- 
 l V s "VpL i If ur'' '.'^''i'i,''* ^J"^ t.'aniera. and the dark slide tits into the hack of 
 
 ....... ""^,.7' I tie Shutter HJnid. theretore, works iu.st in front of the nl ite •md h.,« ; 
 
 The s'n " l""^''- ^'^'^^^ tf"^ exposure as U i^.s^.P. r n.idl .Jro.f 
 
 httecl n. this S(mV,,;.p ,.,,1..^. oIim'TwIm I.nle.elr.' '"''^ ' <iescribed on pa^e 18. is alwayV; 
 
 w..tinlrm?t'l'.!''l'.*'^. v'r''^'''^'t'i ''' 'J'.' v^'li,•h autoniatieally prevents the blind heiner 
 
 t> h i '"^ on the oppo.site side of .Sin.tte? 
 
 r ss i . ' 'V'r \V''''V..'.^ 1.- iwpiire.l to foens. wind the blind np as far as it will go. ,ei, 
 
 tu^^ iur%^ WuKlu.g Indicator with the finger of the other hand, and ••onti. n« 
 
 T me vn "'^ '^'V'fl ^''i now open to the full size of plate for focussing, and in this wuv 
 to The lens ' ^^"^ ^'^^ ^ ^ime and Inst. Shutter litteil 
 
 can or^'-lw ^^PO-^'"'^^ the .Shutter is wound up to the top as when focussing, and a 
 Shutter from thJcain^'era^^ ordinary way without removing the ^ocll Plane 
 
 andV*;Ts}n!lw^'i^?-^''*'''-^'^^ ^l""'"^ "^'"'^ exposures when the lens is not fitted with a Time 
 Xtter Uf^.l on .^^^ •>> to remove the cap at the commencement of the exposure, whilst the 
 .^nuuei ,s tuU open, and squeeze the hall to finish it, the .Shutter will then immediately close. 
 
 The New Patent Adjustable Slit 
 
 I^'iSreV^Thirf^^^^^^^^^^ ■^I'y^^'iV' '" ^"J;''^'"",^' the adjustable spring roller, withont extra 
 V '/''•%''"P»''^'^\''f'''t^ ^" '"^"^fi siPeed of the SImtter. ext^ndintc 
 
 onlv f^ thl t s?^ l-1000"'/'t ^' second, in all sizes of Shutters, ^nd allowing not 
 
 v.. t /the Sw Th^ «..i-k possible, but also for all oniinarN- instantaneous work 
 
 ne) orl wVn-r. h ingenious invention is the only practi...! and perfect 
 
 t i , 1 ' ^''^ Y'''' I'^^y^*"'' varying the width of the slit in a Foc.,1 iMane Shutter, 
 t wil e.u^'.JTh '-".^^I'f'' •^^^l ' «f ""t- which can be lengthened an-l >h<.rtened 
 
 at vMii, makmg the sides ot the slit perfectly parallel without skill. 
 
 Directions for Altering the Width of Slit. 
 
 ';^,'.'>t? screen take hold of the two struts which form the parallel 
 tv.,.v.-.,..,i . ..f *. w. "^''n;\!"^ ^"V" them askew, at the same time drawing them 
 It win 1 J. l\\ I ^'"'^^f^'V Jhe chains at the ends of the sUt can then be manipulated. 
 
 . Lp, , Tf r?.'' , ■ ' "'T- 7''', ^^'^ ^^^'^ pei-manentlv to one stmt, while the 
 
 othei pait ot the Cham is linked on to the extreme end of the other strut, the end of it 
 passing mwanls along the length of the stmt. This part may be pulled out and linked on to 
 
 ihich 
 ire 
 
 AF'I'ER removing th(^ foe 
 sides of the slit in tli< 
 
 trie end of the strut to make tlie slit wider, or allowed to spi-ing back into the strut whi- 
 inakes the slit iiarrower All that is neces.sary is to see that the same number of links a 
 used at each end ot the slit. 
 
 The Speed of the Shutter 
 
 IS found by dividing the spked give.v ov the Indicator bt the m mber of links in use 
 ■ at eacli end. lhat is to .say. with only one whole link the speed is that given on the 
 
 Indicator; with ten links (which is the extremity) it is one-tenth of the same 
 -Note. I n less ordered otherwise ' • • -- •. - . 
 
 Hints on the development of 
 
 Speed Indicator is fitted to all Focal Plane Shutters. 
 \ short exposures will he tound in the Catalogue. 
 
 Fitting the Shutter to the Camera. 
 
 f .Vo extra chiiry^ is mad,- Jor Jiltiiiy ,1 the lii versiNe liai k u il/i Foriisshii) S. jven („itl a Dark Slide 
 lire sen/ iis u lten onleriiKj. ) 
 
 THIS Shutter <au be readily fitted to .ilniost every kind of 
 ( aiiicrii, includinfr tliose of tfie American tvpe in which the 
 IdciissinK screen is fast to the Camera. " We make tho 
 Shutter to rtt at tlie back of the Camera in place of the reversible 
 back, wliich is therefore not required, as the Shutter itself is 
 made to reverse instead. "It does not alter tlie Camera in any 
 way, and the reversible l>ack can be substituted in a moment, 
 whenever desired. The Shutter is made with a wooden flange 
 which may he cut down to the required si/e. Similar pins or 
 catches should be fitted on tlie Shutter to tlio.se that are used on 
 the reversible back. The focussing screen sent out with tlie 
 Shutter should be made to register with the .slides. 
 
 In a few Cameras (sucli for instance those having no reversil)le 
 h ick) wc make the Shutter to occupy the same ifiooves in the 
 
 Caiiiera lhat the dark -ilide tits; or, if preferred, fix the Sliutter P 
 
 permanently at the back of the Camera. In either method the ' 
 Lack of the Shutter is made to receive the dark slide. t ,,, 
 
 .Son .- When the focal Plane Shutter has bceu fitted to a Camem, it does not interfere with othei 
 Shutters working on the lens, nor with the use of leus cap for Time exposures. 
 
 [Foatl. Plane Shutter cmtinued cm next page. 
 
 13 
 
Focal Plane Shutter. 
 
 The Tlioriilou-Ficiiiiril focal I'laiir SUnlter—icontiitned.) 
 
 Some aC)vaiitac{e6 of tbe jfocal iplaiie Sbutter. 
 
 FOR Hig-li Spppd Iiistantanooiis work tlio ndvaiitasos of the Focal "Plane StnitlPr bavo not 
 bPPii thoroiighh- a))iirpciatP(l. it is capalilc of iri\ iiiK rpsults that cannot lie olitaiiu il \i\ any 
 othpr form of Shutter. For tlie infofination of those wlio may not Ir.ive stiulied the luattef, 
 we beg to draw attention to the fohowin^ facts. 
 
 In tbe first jilacp it shouhi 1h' lemcmhered that the spppd at wlticli a Sluitter ongbt to be 
 worked is limited by tbp rate of musmient nf tlie otiject photographed, and its distance from the 
 Pamera. This is t\\e prima > // iiu-tur in all in-'taiitaneoiis worli. 
 
 The second important fiu'ioi- i- the (|ualit> of the light and tiie intensity or rapidity of the 
 lens. We ;nv a>-mnint; that the >peed (if the jiiatP is the most rapid ohta.inable. A fast'plate is 
 an ahMiliili' m^cessitn fur extremel>- short (.'Xj k isiires. 
 
 'J'o obtain the liest results with an exposure of sa>- l-200th of a second, a lens having a large 
 focal apertm-e must be used, or tbe plate will be vei-.y much under-exposed. 
 
 A lens working at /4 will pass four times as much light as /'8, and Will, therefore, 
 take a photograph with a proportionately sliorter exposure. Such a lens, however, is propor- 
 tionately larger ; a shutter fitted to the Ikhi I .if same is also largei-. and therefore will not give 
 nearly as short an exposure as one ol a Mnallei- si/.e, ami esjieeialh sn as the fijiening in the 
 shutter must be as large or larger than t he diameter <it the lens, it w ill he seen from this how it 
 is that this Shutter is so much superior for ol>taiuing high speed ivsults with large sizes of 
 (Jameras, such as 12in. x lOin., and 15in. x 12in. 
 
 The advantage of the Focal Plane Shutter is that it -works just as quickly with a large lens 
 as with a small one. Using a small lens, and a small shutter on the front of it, may give the 
 speed required, but will not pass the requisite amotmt of light, and therefore will only result in 
 uiidei'-exposure. SufficicTit light can be admitted by hMigthening tlie exposure, but this, of 
 course, would result in a blurred image, owing to the oliji'ct moviuK during exposiu'e. 
 
 The short exposures obtainable with the Focal I'lane Sfiutfer are due to tlie f;ict that only a 
 pai-t of the plate is exposed at once. The Shutter consists of a Roller Blind working in front of 
 and close to the plate. The blind has a narro\\- slit in it which trayels rapidly across the plate. 
 The whole exposure is made, say, for the quarter-plate size (4iin. by S^in.) in l-50th part of a 
 second, but assuming that the slit is only 1-lOth the width of the plate, each particular portion of 
 the plate will receive only 1-lOth of that exposure, viz., l-500th of a second. 
 
 Exception might be taken on the ground that in a subject such as an athlete ninning, or a 
 man diving into water, the portion of the figure exposed last would be slightly in advance of the 
 portion exposed first. This is, in fact, theoretically true, but the whole duration of the exposure 
 fi-om first to last being so very rapi(l this slight distortion is practically nothing, and is quite 
 invisible to the eye. This may be proved by reference to the photogra'phs reproduced in this 
 Catalogue. 
 
 We may mention one minor advantage of the Focal Plane Shutter, viz., that it protects the 
 plate from ravs reflected from the inside of the bellows during exposure ; none o^n pass except 
 through the narrow slit, owing to the opaque portion of the blind being close in front of the plate. 
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 " I am extremely pleased wltli the Focal Plane Shutter, which I have tried under very adverse 
 circumstanees, and 1 must say it is infinitely the best kind of Shutter I have ever handled."— T. O. P. ' 
 " Your Focal I'lane Shutter is a splendid instrument."— H. M. 
 
 " 1 am very pleased with tlie Focal Plane Shutter. The principle upon which it works is, I am sure, 
 the best one yet invented for a shutter of such high speed."— K. H. 
 " The Adjustable Slit is a p:reat improvement."— A. P. 
 
 "I believe in the principle of the Shutter, and think you have carried it out very satisfactorily " — 
 P R. T. 
 
 " 1 have great pleasure in informing you th.it the Shutter has given me every sati:. faction. "- AW K. 
 "The Adjustable Slit is a wonderfully ingenious arrangement, and adds much to thp utility of tli? 
 Shutter."— R R. F. 
 
 " I am very much pleased with the Shutter, and I think the Slit is a splendid thing."— R. AS . 
 " The Prints before us .are marvellous specimens of clearness and sharpness, and quite sufficient proof 
 ot the makers' statement as to speed, &c."~II(md Camera and LntHern Jieriow 
 " It works splendidly. I am very much pleased with it."— M. E 
 
 " With the Foea' Plane Shutter I got a result which I never got before in the matter of rapidity and 
 exposure combined."— A. P. 
 
 " The Focal Plane Shutter gives my customer great satisfaction."— E. R. 
 " The Focal Plane Shutter goes exceedingly well."— "VV. K. 
 
 " I am much pleased with its workmanship .and smoothness of action."— C. \V. "W. 
 " The Shutter gives the most complete satisfaction, being perfectly reliable and covering such a large 
 range of exposures. 1 cannot speak too highly of it."- B. T. N. 
 
 The above are honar-fidf imsolicitnl testimonials. 
 
 14 
 
Silent 5tudio Shutter. 
 
 HORNTON-pIlCKARD 
 
 NRW 
 
 SILENT 
 
 Pafeiil Ap|)li<Ml foi*. 
 
 Btudio ^ 
 
 BH UTTER 
 
 FpIco from 30, «. Pricfi List, imiie 36. 
 K.vpo^iiire, from 1-Hf li of a second. 
 Works ill front or behiiultho Lens, orinsidft the ('ainera. 
 
 ^1 ri'] hiivo niiicli plfasiire in introducing this now 
 Y'Y Shiitt.n- for Studio Work, and t-siK'ciallv fur 
 taking' chiifh-t'ii, animals, and all ot her subject - 
 wticri' silence in the worlciii;.' of the Shutter is a desidc 
 raluni. It is also siiitahle for all kinds of exi>osurc>, 
 except rapid instantaneous. 
 
 It is made on the hlind principle, as will he seen from 
 the [Ihistration, but wnlikc! any other form of Thorn ton- 
 I'iekard Shutter, it is coii-itructed with two separate 
 hlinds which wind on to roller-; at oppo-iitcendsofthe box. 
 
 In theii' normal position the blinds cover the apei'ture and overlaji each other. On > |iie. /iiifj 
 the iineumalic ball to make an exposure each blind instantly winds on to its roller. c;iu>iiitj thu 
 Shutter to open from the centre as shown partly accomplished In the Illustration. On rtdeasin^j 
 the ball the blinds immediately close. In this manner any exposures may be given from l-8th of 
 a second to minutes or hours. 
 
 The len^rth of exposure is controlled entirely by the length of time that the ball is squeezed. 
 It is thi'iefore under perleci control of the operator, .so that in case the .subject shows any sign of 
 ijiovenient the Shutter can lie iii>Iaiitl.\- closi'd. 
 
 Till' Shutter opens noi.sides.sly. and does not therefore attract the notice of the subje<;t, which 
 i~ ot the j;reatest Importance in "the case of children, animals, &c. 
 
 It is lilted in front or behind the Lens, or inside the Camera. 
 
 W hen placetl in front, on the Mood or Tube of the Lens, it is fitted with our I'atent Rubber 
 \loul<liuK in the usual manner, and will work in any position, either as shown in the Illustration, 
 
 sid 
 
 When placiMl behind the I^ens it is screwed to the frontboar<l of f'ainera, the Lenses being 
 titled to the front i)anel of Shutter in the .same manner as the Time and Inst. Shutter is shown 
 ;ittached to the Hubv Camera on (lage 24. In this position the Shutter is therefore almost as free 
 trom observation as if placed inside the Camera, with the advantage that the working parts are 
 more readily accessible. For larger sizes the Shutter and Panels are made extni strong so as to 
 cai r.\ largi' and heavy Len.ses, see I'rice List. 
 
 U'lieii titt(>d inside the Camera it is screwed to the buck of frontboard, and a hole is made in 
 the trout or side of Camera lust large enough to allow the india-rubber tube to come througli and 
 maki' a light-tiy-ht joint. The Shutter is then entirely hidden inside the Camera except tho 
 imcumatic ball and tube by which the Shutter is operated. It raises no du.st inside the Cameni 
 during working. For focussing it is necessary to scpieeze the ball and pre.ss the focussing lever 
 shown in thi> bottom (!orner of the illustration, and the Shutter will remain open for an\ length 
 t.l time. To close it s(iueeze the ball again. .V [>rolonged exposure ma\- be given in this manner 
 without the necessity of holding the ball in the hand all the time. A md xiuee/i' linislies tho 
 exposure. This will be found to be a great coii\ eiiience in pliotographiiiK interior-. :iiid the like. 
 
 The I'lieiimatic Hall is a larger size than used for our other Shutters. The best w:i\ to release 
 the Sliutter is to grasp the ball in the palm of the baud, and push the ends of several lingers Into 
 il. In this wa\' most of the air I'ontained in the ball is utilised. 
 
 Kxtra Halls and Tubes 2s. i-ach for this Shutter. 
 
Pneumatic Balls and Tubes. 
 
 HORNTON- Pick ARD 
 
 PNEUMATIC 
 
 BALLS 
 
 AND 
 
 TUBES. 
 
 Fig. 15. 
 
 eVERY Thornton-Pickard Shutter (except the Hand Camera Shutter), is sent out fitted with a 
 Pneumatic Ball and Tu])e, unless specially ordered without it. This consists of an India- 
 rubber Ball. Tube, and Teat joined together perfectly air-tight. 
 Pp^HE, rubber of which these goods are made is the best that can be obtained for the purpose, 
 v£) and although no rubber goods will last indefinitely, these Balls and Tubes will last a long 
 
 time with ordinary care. 
 yp^HE Balls and Tubes supplied by us are all specially made for our Shutters, and make the 
 v£) Shutters work ver>- easily. They are much better than anything obtainable from other 
 sources. We would caution purchasers to see that they obtain only those of our make, as 
 there are others of very inferior quality on the market, which oulv result in disappointment to 
 
 THORNTON 
 
 the user. All of our make are now marked with the words picKARD which is moulded on 
 the ball, as shown in the Illustration. i-iwrv«iitr 
 
 >j:! HE Ball is joined to the Tube by an air-tight screw connection (see Fig. 15), so that 
 Vy should the Ball ever beconie deflated it can be unscrewed ; the Ball will then instantly re-fill 
 with air, and after screwing up tight again is ready for use. The end of the rubber tube 
 overlaps the metal connection so as to be squeezed between, the two parts of the connection 
 when screwed up therefore making its own air-tight joint. 
 
 Care of the Balls and Tubes.— The best way to preserve these in good condi- 
 tion is to keep thcai in a place that is not exposed to extreme changes of temperature (such as a 
 cupboard or drawer for instance). The more even the temperature and the better. They should 
 not be kept in the sun nor in a brilliant light, as the rubber is liable to oxidize sooner. 
 
 PRICES. 
 
 Ordinary Pattern, as supplied with every Thornton-Pickard Shutter except the 
 Studio and Hand Camera Patterns, consisting of No. 0 Small Ball, 2 feet of Tubing, and Teat 
 joined up air-tight, 1'6 each, or post free 1/8. 
 
 For Studio Shutter, No. l Ball with 2 feet Tubing, &c., 2/- each. 
 
 Large Size, to enable the photographer to release the Shutter when he is some 
 distance from the Camera, for Self Portraiture with Groups, &o.. and for Studio use. Consists of 
 a large Ball, with Tubing of any required length, and Teat, joined up with air-tight connection. 
 No. 3 Ball, suitable for tubing up to 50 feet long, 2 - 
 No. 4 do. do. do. over 30 feet long, 4 - 
 Tubing, 5d. per foot. When o?-</e/ ing, please state length of Tubing reguireif. 
 Extra Teats 3d. each. Screw Connections, 3d. per pair (these can be used for joining two 
 short lengths of Tubing together). 
 Note.— When ordered we supply the Long Tubing with a screw connection, so that it may be 
 attached to the short length already on the Shutter, by simply unscrewing the Small Ball. 
 Thus, either the long or short lengths are readily interchangeable. 
 
 16 
 
Rubber Moulding^ and Adaptors. 
 
 Ihornton-Pickard 
 
 I PATENT 
 
 16) 
 
 Rubber Moulding 
 
 AXU 
 
 Adaptors 
 
 FOR FITTING SHUTTERS TO LENSES, and for ADAPTING ONE SHUTTER 
 TO TWO OR MORE LENSES. 
 
 Madk in Seven diffekent Thick- 
 nesses, AS SHOWN. 
 
 Price, 8d. per Foot. 
 
 FITTING.-It should be cut to 
 the veguiied length with a sliar)) 
 knife, and sprunt^ into the aperture 
 with tlie rib or thinge on the inside, 
 as shown in tlie engraving;. 
 
 ADJUSTMENT. -The screw in 
 tlie side of Shutter will j,'ive the 
 exact adjustment by turninf,' with a 
 screw-driver. An accurate fit upon 
 the lens hood is thus insured. 
 
 .\iiy thickness niav be rubbed 
 down on the back with a piece of 
 sand i)aper when too thick, or in 
 case of euiei'gency a i)iece of card- 
 board may be used as packing 
 beliind the Moulding when it is not 
 thick enough. 
 
 ^\ hen it is desired to fit two more lenses to the 
 same Shutter a second piece of Moulding may 
 be used in.side the first one, so as to form an 
 
 ADAPTORS. 
 
 adaptor which can be i)ut in or taken out as re(|uired. 
 
 In case a very large Shutter has to be adapted to a very small lens, a Wooden 
 Adaptor is necessary; price 1;« up to '2Mn. difl,mcter,"and «/• if larger. 
 
 17 
 
speed Indicator, and Table of Speeds. 
 
 HORNTON-PlCKARD 
 
 ¥io. 18. 
 
 5peed Indicator 
 
 FOR THE THORNTON-PICKARD SHUTTERS. 
 
 Very Simple. Does not retard the speed of tlie Shutter. 
 Slio>vs at a glaiiee at what speed the Shutter is Set. Prevents overw iiiding 
 or rniiiiiiig do>ru too far. 
 
 \X')E strongly recommend customers to order their .Sinitters fitted with the Speed lndi< ;ilur. 
 VV It consists of a dial and pointer, as shown in the Illustration. It is fixed to the side nt tlie. 
 Shutter. The speeds are si" iwn on the dial in fractions of a second, and the pointer is set to 
 the desired speed by turning the peed Knob that winds up the driving spring of the Shutter. 
 Very careful tests liave been made for each si/e of Shutter in order to obtain reliable marking of 
 the Indicator Dials. 
 
 THE Indicator is fitted to any of the Sliutters in this Catalogue (except the Studio Shutter, 
 which does not require it), price 3,6 cxtia. No Shutter ought to be without it. When 
 ordering please stsite if it is required. ' 
 QHUTTERS that have been previously purchased without the Speed Indicator can be after- 
 p wards fitted with it for 5'- They must be sent to us for fitting-. 
 
 CHXJTTP:RS ordered withoiit the Speed Indicator are fitted with n siikiH ivory label, marked 
 jD with three speed-, vi/,., t lie lowest, medium, and highest, ^-Ikavu iu the Table of Speeds 
 below. Bv couuliii;,' tlie number of turns given to the Sperd Knoli the speed may be ascer- 
 tained from this label, and any intermediate speed can. of course, be obtained. 
 
 TO set the Shutter for the lowest speed the Speed Knob should be wound up only just s\ilhcient 
 to cau.se the blind to ryn .down gently and to close properly. This is reckoned as "0" turns, 
 and additional turns of the knob must be counted from this. 
 
 ABLE OF 
 
 6 
 
 FEEDS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Thornton ■ Tickarcl 
 Shutters. 
 
 THESE approximate Speeds have been arrived at ;it'ter n series of very careful tests with ai>pa- 
 ratus constructed specially for the purjiose. The uietlidd use 1 ;,'i\e- iindcnialilx' accurate 
 results. This Table applies I0 Sluitters that are not titled witli a Speed Indientdr. 
 Speeds of the TIME AND INSTANTANEOUS Shutter (Standard Pattern). 
 Also of STEREOSCOPIC, FOKEGROUND, and SXAP SHOT Shutters. 
 Size of Shutter, up to 2" 2*" 3" 3^" 1" 
 
 No. of turns of Speed Knob 0 .5 15 0 .5 15 0 5 15 0 5 15 0 5 15 0 5 15 
 
 Speed iu fractions of a Second — I's t.V t^s ?o iV ts's Trr s't ^0 10 A 6*0 7 A so 
 The Speeds of the EXTRA RAPID Shutter are 1^ times the above. 
 Speeds of the SPECIAL Shutter' 
 Size of Shutter. \ip to U" 2" w'i" 3" 3i" -1" 
 
 No. of turns of Speed Knob ... I > 5 10 (» 5 In 0 5 in (> 5 10 ^0 5 10 0 5 10 
 Speed in fractions of a Second . . 'A, ilo s'o s'r> \ \q -A -}„ 14 o t<> .-'i i-^o ^'h> s'o \ lr, ^\ \n so 
 The FOCAL PLANE Shutter has a range of speed from ./g to t„'oo of a second. 
 The SILENT STUDIO Shutter can he worked from about | of a second up to 
 any desired length of time. 
 
 18 
 
 .A 
 
Thnnis. 
 
 Exposure : Two top pictures sec. ; bottom one aio sec. 
 Taken by Mr. Edgar Pickard, with a 
 
 Thornton-Pickard Focal Plane Shutter. 
 
 19 
 
Inteeiors. 
 
 Exposure about 1 minute. Taken by Mr. Edgar Pickard, with a 
 
 Thornton-Pickard Time and Inst. Shutter. 
 
 22 
 
Lenses. 
 
 HORNTON-PICKARD 
 
 Special 
 =LeN5ES 
 
 Kui. 19. 
 
 TUKSK HIV fif linc.-t <)ii;ilit\. ainl lia\c >i.liiiili(| ilrlinitioii ami con j><>\\<;r. hihI Hrrt 
 rapalilt; ot iKTloniiin^ the l>est work. Tl)<-v are siippliinl with i-lthi-r the Irl» ur <)nUijary 
 l>i:iphi-a>fiii'^ (jr Stups. The Iri.s is recoiiiiiieiKled witli the Kiiryscope uikI Uapid Hectilliivar 
 l.eii-.e«.. anil the UevolvliiK l>iaphratfiii with the Wide Angle Leii.x. 
 RAPID RECTILINEAR. 
 
 TIIK iM st all i'Minil Suitable for Iiistaiitaiieoiis Work. Ai-cliitet'tiire, I^iiulsca w. 
 
 rurtraif. ( '(»in in;,', \r. Largest a^K'Huix-, /8. Mutle with eitlier Waterhouse or Iris 
 I )iaplir.igrii?«. 
 
 In c.ver i.lates 5x4 6^x4^ 7x5 fii x 6i 10x8 12x10 15 x 12lii>. 
 
 ••■■"•IIS al... lit 5iin. 9Ali.. lllii. \hK\\\. 17iiii. 21ln. 
 
 With ■• U:, I. rli. Hiaphn.u'in £1 16 £2 5 13 0 £3 10 £5 5 £6 5 £9 0 
 
 Wiih -Iii^" i»i;,|.f,ia;:in 2 11 3 0 4 0 4 10 6 5 7 10 10 10 
 
 EXTRA RAPID RECTILINEAR. 
 
 CL'ITAIJI-K fnr Kxtreiiiely Hapi<l lii>laiiiaiieoii^ Work, ai.il a pHi.l l,.ii- Imi- ^'uiiera all i-..iiii.l 
 p work, liicliKling .\rchltectiire, I-aiidscajie, I'ortrait. ("opyliig, Ac. l-irge>l ajK-rl iire. y 6. 
 Nearly twice us mpid as the Rapid Keftilniear. Made w ith Waterlioiise or lrl,-< iHaPhragiii!). 
 
 To cover plates 5x4 7 x 5 9x7 10 x 8ln«. 
 
 Focus about 5ilii. 8Uu. lOjlii. lijiii. 
 
 Price, with " Wat erhou.-e " liiaplu-ifn.i . . £2 15 £4 0 £5 7 6 £9 0 
 
 Price, with " Iris" DIaphi-agiM 3 10- 4 15 6 7 6 10 5 
 
 riie •• Ii In " Diaphiaifin lilted to these I.etises is ww neat ; it is contained eiitireh within th"- 
 Ic ii- tul.r, aii'l ha- ;i -mall |-r«>jr( tiM>; knob to *et it by. 
 WIDE ANGLE RECTILINEAR. 
 
 Cl^'I I'AHI.K fur Interiors. An hitecturo, T.andxape. CnpNing. and an\ views in conlined 
 p situations. Largest aiK?rture. /II. Made w itii revolvhig dlaphragnis." 
 
 To cover plates 5x4 6i x 4 j »i x 6i 12 x 10 15 x 121n>. 
 
 Focus about 3iin. 5iin. 7in. 91n. lOiin. 
 
 £1 16 £2 5 £3 10 £4 7 6 £4 14 6 
 71 ''I' above Lenses nia\ be used as Singlf l.i ii.-t > of Innm r f<M ii.«b> iniscivw in>; i-ither lb<i 
 CI front or back coniblinitVm. It Is im li rable to use tin- back one; thus a Lens of alMxit donbli' 
 the length of focus is obtained, w liich Is \er> xiltable bir distant obji-ets. Mich as hills. Ac. 
 w liich soinetinii's look \ er\ diininntl\t- w hen taken w ith tb*' nrdii ar.\ Len>. Tims a W.A. of 5in' 
 focus, and a \\M. of 7iin. locus, give* piactlcally four lenses of 5111.. 7ini.. lOin.. and 15iii. bn-iis 
 ic>pecli\el\ . TheM' would be >ulliclent to embrace all kinds of Mibjccts on a half-plate (6i b> 4iln.> 
 PORTRAIT. 
 
 RKCn.M.MKNDKI) for In!>tantaiu*ous Work miuirlng t'.stvoiuUi Kapi<l KxpoMirc!". sax from 
 1 SOOtli to 1-lOOOtli of a second. There Lenses are larger and n'mre biilkv than thr Knrx »e..i- 
 or Rapid Rectilinear, but work w Itb a iai-jfcr aperture than anv other form (about i 4 i. 
 fAHiXKr Si/K. with an aperture of '"4. eover» about 6iii x 5in. K<hu> alniut 9iin. Price. £8- 15«. 
 WiioLK Platk Si/k. with an aperti reof/4. eo\,-i>: i...iit 8ilii.x6iin. F<K-usalMiut 16in. IVioe.£21. 
 Cninl iiii"t /.fiis iimf f'/ii'ifir t /,,, IJtiii'l rumrras, dr.) ptvie 8. 
 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 •• 1 tried tlip I.cus, it l» very irood vidiic foi tin n > , {iiid ;i» jtooil lu. mjiiic I htt\c wen at double the 
 price." J. r 
 
 •' I inn very pleased w ith the Lens, Indeed "—lO. H. It 
 
 ■'Our cuKtonier who luid the bens a short time airo is veiT pleiused w Ith It " ('. (J. * i^on. 
 " I have testi'd the l.ciisen and tind them liitth II I'^t class '' T. K. 
 
 23 
 
Camera, ''Ruby" Pattern. 
 
 HORNTON-PlCKARD 
 
 Camera, 
 
 ''RUBY" Pattern. 
 
 Special 
 
 Features 
 
 Fig. 20. 
 
 The " RUBY" Pattern Camera is litted with. Turntab'.e. 
 
 It has a Folding Front with an unlimited amount of Rise and Fall. 
 
 Has Doul)le Pinion, so that it can be racl<ed from longest to shortest 
 focus. 
 
 The Bacl< can he pushed up to tlie Front, for use with ^Vi lo Angle 
 Lenses. 
 
 It has Vertical and Horizontal Swings. 
 
 The Sluitter is attached to and forms a part of the Camera, and folds 
 up with it. 
 
 The Half-plate size is wide enougli to take a pair of ordinary Stereo- 
 scopic Lenses. 
 
 The workmansliii) is perfection, and unsurpassed in any other Camera. 
 
 ii;niiiii!:i!i,iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 
 
 designing ih\> Camera our aim has been tn produce an instrument 
 :it ;i rrasoniililu price, having all the mn\ements and adxantages nf 
 tlie litwt liigh-class Camera- witii otliers tliat are distin.'tl\- it.- own. 
 Perfect in every movement, the "Rub> " Camera has Mian\ striking 
 advantages, wiiich are mentioned in detail in the following pages. 
 
 [Continued on next page. 
 
 Fig. 21. 
 
Camera, "Ruby" Pattern. 
 
 Fi(.. 22. 
 
 Till- 'Hioriiloii-l*ickard < aiiicru. "Kul>>" r<ill<'rii iruntnuKil > . 
 
 SbUttCr attached to the- ( atin ni Front, and tin- Tinntahli- forni.-» a part <>{ the 
 Ma>i l)();inl. Ml that they are always in position rea<ly for work. The Shutter folds up with the 
 < aiiKM-a. |)arkintr into the ajx-rture in thi- ruriitai)le (see FIk. 20). The lens is mounted on a 
 paiit l that lit> into the front of tlie Shutter. It niav, if desired, remain in misition, and fold up 
 with th.- Cani.Ta. 
 
 XLbC XTUrntHblC sliown in Fig, 20. This forms i)art of the Camera, and the legs are 
 (juickly attaehed to it, as shown in Fig. 21. This arrangement is infinitely superior to the old- 
 lashioned loo<e trian^rle, as there is no chance of leaving it behind, and so rendering the Camera 
 useless when away from liome. The centre of the Tunitable i» cut awav, so that the Lens 
 and Shutter fold uj) with the Camera, a> sh<jwn in Fig. 20. There is no need to detach them each 
 time it is folded. The large <\/,i- of the Tmntalde in-iures a verv ligid base for tht- Camer.i. Tlie 
 ("amei-a can he quickly revolved upon the Tm iitable in either direction, and is clam|H-d lirnilv in 
 position by a winged nut, v/hleh will be found on the right-hand side of the Cam. r.i |{;is,.|,o;ird. 
 In a nioxt convenient position. 
 
 of the Camera is very simple. It am 
 t)e quicklv erected, and is rigid and firm when in iK>sition. Fig. 22. 
 shows how to (ix it. After opening theCumeni place thej'ront in 
 the jiosition shown, le;itiing backwards, so that the segment plates 
 at the bottom of the Front are ovi-r thi- nivots marked 1'. I'resx tin- 
 Front down between the pivots, and then place it in the vertic; 
 position, as shown in tlie other illu-trat ions. Fasten in j«isiiioii 
 turning thi> winged cl;ttii|(ini: screws marked \V. The Front is (Itteil 
 with a removable Lens-I'anel. « bich is f)f sufTicii>nt size to take large 
 buses. .Ml Clamping Screws have flat or winged heads, wliich are 
 much more convenient to use than the old frirm of round milled head. 
 
 Tur. Hei.lows. especially in the Half -plate Size, are made vers 
 Willi' at the front, and taper oidv slightiv, 
 
 TiiF Fkont I'ANKf. (>{ the Half-plate Camei-a is 4iin. wide, which, 
 together with the wide bellows, allows for a pair of ordinar\- 
 .*^ti:ki:os< (,i'i< I.kssk.s. 
 
 jE)OUblC pinion f<>r frH-ussing. The camera is fitted wjfh two focussing I'inions. which 
 triable it to b.' racked from the shortest to the longest fiM-iis without anv imsci-ewing or shifting 
 of the Front board, as shown in Fig. 23, and without removln>j the head from Ix-neath the 
 focussing cloth. This is a gr.-at advantage, as any lens, wh.-ther short, mi'<lium, or lt>ng focus, 
 ♦•an ho fooussed witlnmt dela> . The I'inion shown at the front end of the Has»'lK)anl in the 
 Ilhisti-ation racks thr- Frfint fif the Camei-.i outwanis for medium or long f(K'Us lenses; and the 
 <.tlier at th.- back end of the Jiaseboard, r.icks the Camera Front inwards for short focus lenses. 
 ^TbC SbUttCr the Thomton-IMckanl Time and Instantaneous (Standard Pattern), 
 describi il on pages 5 and 6. It allows atiy kind of exp<tsure to hi- given, from iiipid Instan- 
 taneous to the most i)rolonged Time (even <H(:U as would Im' given to .m interior) without need of 
 a lens cap. It is attacbi-il to the Camera Front, and works bi-hind the lens, forming pi-ictic:illv 
 an liisid.. Shutter. It i-^ (itteil with a detaebable Panel, to whi«'h the Inis Mange is attached. 
 Aflditional ranels can be supplied for other lenses, so that v.irious lenses mav Im- ummI with the 
 .s.ime Shutter, and changeil in a moment at will. The Shutter is always In fMisition ready f<ir 
 
 _ ^, 111. use. but can Ik- nMuoved ImkIIIv 
 
 1 f / - . JllPWiiL. fl-om the Camei-ji, if desired. b\ 
 
 r'vS "-imply lifting the Front I'anel, to 
 I ! ! I — ^^I it is attached, out of the 
 
 • •;' 1; Front. Cap exposures c:in !>«> made 
 without removing the Shutter, if 
 full open 
 lug. For e.rtriinelii 
 'iii* '"ipid In>itantaneous work wi- n- 
 < ommend the Focal Plane .Shutter 
 ( s,M' pages 12. 13, anil 14 », in whlilion 
 to the Time :ind Inst. one. One 
 Shutter docs not in anv wa\ inter- 
 ',',/.; ; U-\>- with tb.' oib. r. 
 
 jiLj.!„_ may be usid with this Camera 
 
 -— * without danger of the Haseboard 
 
 cutting ort jiait of the picture. 
 I p. This is done b\ pushint' tlie back 
 
 of the Cameiji nearer to the front, 
 as shown In I'ig. 24, and thi-n clamping It In j)osition by the sci-ew at the side ; or the fi-ont may 
 be racked inwards towards the back by the back niidon, as shown in Fig. 25. For long ftjcu's 
 Lenses the Camera racks out to more than double tlie length of plate. See Fig. 23. 
 
 [Vontinm il an foUou iny pugts. 
 
 ,11 ;ji without removing the SI 
 ; I ; ;;{ desired, by (irst setting It : 
 I • ; »\ :is for fiK.-ussing. For f 
 
 25 
 
Camera, *'Ruby" Pattern. 
 
 m 
 
 The 'l'lioriiioii'ricKai'<l raiiiora, "ICuhj " INittorn umil i luich. 
 
 IRisinc? anD #aUuicj dfront. The ran^e 
 
 ol)tainable is perhaps grea ter in the " Ruby " Camera 
 limn iu ain other. It works iudependehth of the 
 other iiio\>'ineiits, and can, therefore, he ahered 
 after fociis^iuf.', it desirecL The Frtnithoard works 
 HI i.;r(H)vc,s hi the J<\>rk, and is tixed at any height by 
 tw>i < laiii|.iiig screws at the bottom of 'the Froni- 
 board. \\ lien tlie top of the Frontboard is level 
 with the top of the Fork, the lens is opposite the 
 centre of the plate. 
 
 /ITS a. rule it is much the best to have the lens a 
 little al)ove the centre of the plate ; otherwise, 
 in nine cases out of ten, where there are any 
 buildings iu the picture, there will be too much 
 foreground, or else the Camera will have been 
 tilted upwards to avoid the foreground, and then 
 ^i*^^'- 24. t,ije vertical lines will not be parallel. In Fig. 25 
 
 the front is shown raised considerably above its central position, which is only 
 necessary in extreme cases. 
 
 7n CORRESPONDING amount of Fall may be obtained, so as to bring the lens below 
 the centre of the plate, which is very useful and necessary when taking 
 photographs from a window or elevated situation. 
 
 2111 SWUlClinCI /[ftOVCinCntS. These are complete, every necessary move- 
 ment l)eing obtainable. 
 
 UERTICAL SwaNG.— The Back may be swung backwards or forwards, and clamped 
 bv the set screw at each side (see Fig: 24). The Front may be swung and 
 clamped in a similar manner. To ascertain whether the Bacl;: or Front are exactly 
 at right angles with the Baseboard, slightly press the fingers upon the slotted stays 
 before tightening up the scxe\;s. This will cause the screws to enter the notches 
 cut in the stays; this indicates that the parts are at right angles to each other. 
 p^ORizoNTAL OR SiDK SwiN s is obtained by loosening the clamping screw that 
 ^/ secures the Back at any position on the Baseboard. One side may then be 
 placed nearer to the lens than the other, after which the screw should be tightened 
 up again. This movement is sometimes of great advantage to get objects in sharp 
 focus that are nearer to the Camera at one side than the other. 
 
 TT should be remembered that distant 
 ^ objects and very close objects cannot be 
 both got into sharp focus in the same plane 
 easily without swinging some part of the 
 Camera to a suitable angle. The Back of the 
 (Camera is the most convenient to swing, and 
 upon these facts depend the advantages of a 
 Vertical and Horizontal Swing Back. 
 
 HMUlllb 5n^>ICat0r. For subjects having 
 straight vertical lines, -^uch as buildings, &c., 
 whatever the position of the Camera (whether 
 tilted up or down), the Back (and therefore 
 the sensitive plate) must hang p/7onfe. If it 
 does not, the vertical lines will converge 
 instead of being parallel. By swinging the 
 Back until the point of the Plumb Indicator 
 (shown in Figs. 24 and 2.5) coincides with the 
 pin or stud on the side of the Camera, and 
 then tightening the set screws, the Back will 
 be plumb. 
 
 [Continueil on 
 
 (I pages. 
 
 26 
 
Camera, "Ruby" Pattern. 
 
 I I lioriiloii-l'irkiini 4 siiiin-ii, "ICul».>" I*iill4>rii 
 
 ml ill III il I . 
 
 ur fniiii'- to whicti flu- lM<ciis»iii(.' Soi-ppii i> Httarhfd. and into 
 wliic h till- l);ii k >liili's Jit. ciiii he i>l;iiv(| l iilicr way up fnr hori/.oiitnl or vt^rtical pU'tui-es. It i< 
 iiiSTanilv l(M kt il wilt II )>la( i (l in )Hi<itioii l.y a CDuplf nf -priiip ■^llap^. The Kt'Vt^i^iblo Hack can 
 al-M lie iwfil citlK i- wav ii|>, >■<> I tial it tin- Sliiil ti-r nf the Sliih- l aniint In' dniwii i>iit. nwinj.' to the 
 
 • at -a ImIml' clu-ic ii. a wall -a\. a< i« citK-ii tin' ta^o w)i.-ii taking' iiiti'iitu tin- llai'k can be 
 
 till- I uphill.' liurt II «in tlial llif Siiiillcr (if tin- Slidf can In- iliawn unf at tin- upp.i-itc -iilc of the 
 
 Zbc E)ark SliOcs a.. 
 
 tf the liot rini>h.'d Wiirkiiiaii>liip. and have hinjicd foldiiip 
 Sliiittt'r>. which may ho folded hack inicler the Kiiciissiii(f Sciveii. so as not to catch the wind 
 iliuinir exposure. They are fitted with ImproveU Spriiij^ Snaps, which securely fasti-n the 
 Shutters when pushed in. The Slides siinpiv _ 
 
 drop into position at the hack of the Caiiiei-i. BF.FonuroiOk efr^n^^ n AFTER exPOSOKB 
 
 and are helrl secun lv h.\ two catches. Tliere 
 is no slidiii;r inux .•mcnt . and therefore no 
 chance of accii|fiitall>- shift in;,' the ('anient 
 after lixiiitr it in position In |in-liintr the Slide 
 sideways. Additional l>ai'k Slides can always 
 he -iiipplied to lit li\ iMcnlioiiilif,' size of ( "aiiiera. 
 The Mides arc perfectly lijriit-tiu'lit. and an- 
 therefore suit ihir for the most sensitive plate. 
 This is due to the' careful workmanship, to the 
 special ffiin of \elvet jiackiii}? jilaced under 
 the .Shutter, ant] to the Snap lieiiiK on the 
 oi TsiDR instead of rocesse<l into tlie Shutter. 
 
 They are hof)k form, and hold two niatps eacli, 25 
 w hich are sepai-ated hy a hinjrod division that 
 
 cannot he misplaced or lost in the dark room. They are fitted with the Patent Dark Slide 
 Kecorder. as shown in Fi^. "26. This is a ifi-oat acquisition, as it shows at a (flatice whii'h plate has 
 heeii expo.seil, and prevents mistakes sucli as takinjr two pictures on one plate. It is <le»crihe»i In 
 detill on pajfe 34. 
 
 The "Kuhy" Camera can citlier l«e suj-plied with the Dark Slides as ahove, or with our new 
 Ipatent plate IF^olDer. This Is very simple, li^ht. and erticient. It is not nia<h' liook 
 
 l.irm. hut <(i'id, the plates lu inir iiiseited l>y ih-awiiiK the Shutters on either side and pnllin(f hack 
 the .spiiiiir-liar at one en 1 of the Holder. The plate can tlien he dro))|H>d Into place and Is held 
 seciirelv ti\ the spriiur-har. The Shutters pull rljflit out, lieliiff perfectly li>rht-tiifht on account of 
 the sprliiK ••ut-ott under each Shutter which chises the j»i'f»<'ve when Shutter is withdrawn. These 
 I'late Hol lers are lipfhter than Dark Slides ami therefore effect considenihle «.avinsr in weitfht, in 
 addition to savinpr in co-t. They an- stroiitrlv recommended. A full description and illustrations 
 will he found on pa^fes 32 and 33. 
 
 The Dark Slid.- and I'lale Holdc 
 
 art 
 
 <iually suitahle for i>lati»s or films. 
 
 ©Ill* patent automatic ^TripoD StanD 
 
 ^H— 3 -11—— — ^ I'* supplied With the Camera and 
 
 il y ..a the simplest and inost con 
 
 „„ ,. venlent Stand maiie. 'I'he joint » 
 
 I-Ki 27. Stand < i.ohkd. „f ,,„. stand ri^'idly l.K-k them 
 
 selves when thev are oi>eiied out. The top and l«»ttom joints are 
 shown in Fi(?s. 28 and 29. Kach lejj is made with three sections, tin- 
 hottom one of which slides so that the length may tie adjusted when 
 r>'ipilreil for uneven ^rl•ound, and clamped hy a set screw, 'I'lie Staml 
 openstdit toaheiprht of 4ft . 7in., and closes up to 22 inches In lensrth 
 hir convenience in carrviiiK' (see Fip. 27). This Stand is descrltied in 
 >.'reater detail on pajje ^9. 
 
 tIbC jfOCUSBin^; Screen is made ..r the finest ({round 
 (ila^s, and is ma ike 1 with the sl/es of smaller plate*. This Is a (freat 
 eiiiiseiiieiice when u-iniT smaller plates than the full si/.e of Camer 
 mean- of ( 'arriers that lit iiisidi- the Slides or Plate Holders. 
 
 ITO Set up tbe Camera open the Wuh and attach to the turnfahle. Turn ni. the 
 ('aiiieia Body or Hack, ami clamp vertit-iilh h\ the set screw*. Lift up the From, li\ and clamp, 
 as al.oNe d.-scrii.ed. 
 
 Tu Kui,u THK Ca.mkk.v the movements are reversed. 
 
 [f'oitinitetl on iiesl page. 
 
 isilv don> 
 
 27 
 
Camera, *'Ruby" Pattern. 
 
 Tlie Tliornton-Pickard (uiiu'ra, *'ltiiby" Puttevn ~(r()iitiiu«'<l). 
 
 For Stereoscopic Work, both the Half-plate and 7^in. x Sin. sizes are suitable. 
 The Halt-plate takes a pair of lenses of l^in. diameter at Sin. centres, and the 7f^in. x 5in. size 
 takes larger lenses at wider centres. A Detachable Stereoscopic Dimsion. made like a spring 
 blind, is fitted so that either one lens for full-sized pictures or a pair of Strrt'oscdplc lenses may 
 be used at will. 
 
 A Stereoscopic Behind-Lens Time and 
 Inst. Shutter is leccunniended. This is 
 per7nanoiitl> iixeii tnthe Front Panel, 
 and the paii' of h nsrs arc mounted on a 
 panel that lits into the Ir.uit of tin' Shutter, 
 This jianel is rcmoviililc. ;ind anothei- jtanel 
 with tlie lens uKnmtt'd in the centre can be 
 quickly substituted for tnkiuK full-sized 
 pictures. To fold the CameiM, the Front- 
 board Carrying- Shutter and Fensescanbe 
 instantly removed and as quickly replaced. 
 
 THE "RUBY" OAMEKA has every 
 necessary movement. 1 1 is the simplest 
 and the best idl-round Camera made, 
 and is suitable for all kinds of work, 
 
 :ine>ngst which we ma,\ mention the follow- 
 in^': Travelling mill Ti'mriiiK ; Architectural 
 Woiks; Home Portraiture; ( 'op\ in^^ J'hotos, 
 Kngravings. Ac ; .M:ikinf_' Fant-TU Slides 
 from negatives of lar<rrr or -miillci- sizes. 
 FKi.30. Fnlart^iuM- or Hi-diirin^i, \r., Ac. 
 
 The Photographs reproduced in this Catalogue were taken with tin TIh-i ntun I'icKanl Ai)paratiis. 
 The "Ruby" Camera is remarkably compact and light. Notr thf following particulars: - 
 
 SIZE when folded, including all projections, Turntable and Shutter, Half |>late 9 x 8| x 3in, 
 Whole plate Hi x 10^ x 3^in. 
 
 WEIGHT, including Turntable and Shutter, Half plate about 3jlbs. ; Whole plate about 5ilbs, 
 With Alununiuni liftings, Half plate about 31bs.; Whole plate al)out 4^11)-. 
 
 LONGEST FOCUS, with Shutter. Half plate 16in. ; Whole plate 19iin, Vvive List, page 38. 
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 " 1 have much pleasure in =t;ttin? that I have 
 used the Ruby Camera for some two years, and 
 have found it a pMi'iic\ilaiiy conveuicut form, in 
 fact the irencral tiuish is really excellent, and to 
 niy mind is as jrood and reliable an instrument as 
 one could wish to possess."— S. 1'. 
 
 " My customer is very pleased with Camera, and 
 I hope shortlv to send you further orders." — 
 W R. S 
 
 " 1 am greatly pleased with it in every way, it 
 seems to be excellent ' -H C. .F 
 
 " Your Camera lias been much admired. 1 like 
 it very much."— C \V. R. 
 
 " I am much pleased with it. Every little detail 
 seems to have been well wrought but, and the 
 workmansliip is excellent. I trust that I may have 
 the pleasure of sending many orders for similar 
 
 ones."— S. J. 
 
 " I am very much pleased with it, so much so 
 that I am showini; it at the Camera Club here at 
 our next meeting, and have also got you a customer 
 for one."-F. H. H. 
 
 " We are glad to say our customer was dehghted 
 with the Ruby Camera, it is certainly a gem."— 
 
 W. H. 
 
 "Camera is a splendid instrument, the dark 
 slides are pieces of exijuisite workmiinship "— 
 W. J W. 
 
 '■ I am very pleased with the intelligent con- 
 trivanc( shown in every jiart of it, every move- 
 ment is well studied and carried out "- F. F 
 
 •'The Camera is extremely satisfactory and 
 fully (Mpable of dealing with any subject which 
 could possibly arise. The Permanent Shutter is a 
 great acquisition ]). 
 
 " The Camera gives every satisfaction 
 
 >F AV. & Co., So»ith Africa. 
 
 "The Camera is noted for its beautiful finish 
 and lightness." — Exeter Ereuiiig Posl. 
 
 " I have found the Ruby C:imera perfect in every 
 way."— J. C. 
 
 " I find it (|Uite up to my expectations; every- 
 thing has given me s:itisfaction."— H R K. 
 
 "The Riibv (':imera gives me great satisfac- 
 tion. "-R T ■ 
 
 " The Ruby is a beautiful compact instrument," 
 J[,(ud C<in,e,-a lind J.<iiiter/i Review 
 
 "A very fine instrument indeed, and the power 
 of keeping the Shutter lixed re:idy is a jireat con- 
 venience The Camera is also very light and 
 OQmxKict ." — Amateur'Vhoiographer . 
 
Automatic Stand. 
 
 PATENT 
 AUTOMATIC 
 
 HORNTON-PlCKARD 
 
 Camera Stand 
 
 AUTOMATICALLY-LOCKING JOINTS; 
 SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT. 
 
 LIGHT. COMPACT. 
 
 DfJ^AG • I*'"!" IlHlf-platr \\'li(>|f-pl:il' 
 rritC^ . ,,.,„. 10 X 8 and 12 x 10 ( aiii.Ta- 
 
 RIGID. 
 
 176 
 22 6 
 
 Thf /'iil&nt Aiifinii'i/ir l.iifk .luiiit.toiii l>r Jitlf<l to any ur tlif Tlini iilon- 
 I'u kanl A uhij Slawh f,remoi(.itii snpplitil, at <i cost of S - prr ,'<tnui/. 
 Thi- wei^lit of Ilalf-nlate Stand la alxnit 3II)^<. 
 
 10 X 8 .. 411.^. 
 
 r.cii^rtli op.MH'd oiityfor ii.st.', 4ft. 7in. ; folded up for tnivfllinjf. 22iii. 
 Small Size, fot' HHiIkI Caiiu-nis. <!(ic., 3ft. 7iM. high when iipt-u, 
 18iti. Iiiii^f wht'ii Vlo^ed, same jiriee. 
 
 THIS i> tlif >iriiplt'st and most ronxenient Stand xet made. It in 
 cpiii klv iTccicd; each U-n is fihnply opened to its extreme 
 '■' - ' till- joints instantly an<l antomatleall) I(H-k thcm- 
 
 dentally tnined and 
 
 limit. »li 
 
 selves. 'I'herc ai'e no liiittcin> tliat fan lie a( 
 alUiw the Stand and ("anirni to r..llaps<-. 
 
 The StJind is made of tin- hest Kngli>h Ash. and i;< in thive 
 -ections, the hottom one of whieh is adjnstalile for nnexun K^roiind. 
 Ac. and is (itted with a .screw to damp It at any height reni.in d. 
 
 On pulling out this section as far as po>sit)l>'. the spring holt 
 marked li\ the iinow in the engraving spring- ont and instantiv 
 lock- the Joint. To close again, the spi in^; h.ilt i> pie«sed withtlie 
 thnnili. w liicli allows the section to slide hack again. A thnmh >crew 
 i.s jirovided at this joint, so that the section nia> Ik- adjn-teil to 
 atn height, as ahose mentioned, and ma\ he nsed in acldition to 
 the spring holt, to gi\e extra rigidity if desired. 
 
 the upper joint is locked on exactly the same principle, hut it 
 folds instead of sliilo; the spring Ix.lt is larger and stronger and 
 snai>s into po-ition. hehind the plate A. as .«.oom a- the nppersectlon 
 is unfolded. The t Wo sect ions are thel'efore Wedged together in a 
 ver>' practical manner, and the iitmo.-t iigidit> i- -iein-e<|. 
 
 I his Automatic Lock is nnich superior to the u.sual form of ^ 
 hntton or .scre\v fastener, as it entirely prevent- aii.\ danger of the ^ 
 .Stand collapsiiig, and is instantaneous in its action when lM.-lng 
 erected. 
 
 The form of friiKjd top >hi>nld he noticed; thi> is as small as i> 
 ronsistent with rigiditv, mea>uring across 5 inche.-. anil is made of 
 niahopanv , Kreiich-tiolisheil hoth on the top and hottoni ; and ha> a ring 
 of velvet let in the top. -o a> not to .cratch the t'aniera ha.-elxcinl. 
 
 It ha> no proiectiiig -tud- or -hai p corner- llahle to M*nit<'h other 
 part- of the ( amera when Packed in the hag. 
 
 Handle -trap- are provided for < on\enience in carrxing. 
 
 In packing up the three leg- hefore -tr.ipping, the middle one 
 should hi- placed the reverse \\:\\ from the outside ones; they will 
 then lit close togetlier and foi ni a cmniiact package. 
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 "The stand Isn iiiiirvel of jii/t innt\ mikI ecniiimctncw "- I,. .1 
 
 " think the StMiul is the tiot aixl noiilest wo have seen, and in 
 rhrnp " To li. 
 
 Fiu.32. Stand Ci.oflED. 
 
 Fio. 33. Fio. 34. 
 
Hand Camera. 
 
 .HORNTON 
 
 PATENT 
 
 HANDs: 
 
 ICKARD 
 
 Camera 
 
 €au l>r used eitlier :im a lluiid or Sliiud Caiiicra. 
 
 'lu. 36.— Camera i)arlly <.)i)C'U. 
 
 Fig. 58.— Showing Camera on a Stand, Plate 
 Holder in position, and the Mirror in the posi- 
 tion thatit ()ccni)ies when taUinff vortical pictnres. 
 
 Fi,i. 3!) Siiowiiif: the Cuiiici'a in position ib 
 oectipies whun tukiiJL,' l.orizomal pictures. The 
 top portion is the Finder md Focus.'-iDg Camera, 
 the picture being; seen ihroujjh the open lid ou 
 the inclined mirror. 'I'he bottom is theExposinic 
 Camera, in which the Plate Holder is inserted 
 
 30 
 
Hand Camera. 
 
 The Thornton-Pickard Hand Camera. 
 
 CUNSTHrc i Kl) ni\ tla- folding' piim-ipl.-, an. I suitaMi- for liaii.l or .-taiid «.)ik. KitU-il with 
 Kxli-ri Kai)iil/6'6 Twin LeiiM-s, of liiic^t KiiKli>l» niaiiiifactUM-, ttie be>t tor the purpose 
 tliHt we know of. 'lakes i-plat<" picture^ and ^t<'rHos<-f)pi(;. 
 Thp fittln^js and lens mounts are of aluminium, to obtain the utmost lightnes-!. 
 The Ttiornton-I'ickard Time and Inst. Shutter is lifted between the combinations of the Lens, 
 to obtain compactness. 
 
 The Sliutter is self-capping, that is to say, it does not open at the time of sottinpr. Both 
 i,enses are litted witfi Iris Diaphragiiis. The photograph is taken with one Len<. while the 
 f(K'Ussiiig is done with the other. 
 
 The full-si/ed picture is seen in a mirror, which i< fixed behind the groiuid glas< of the tinder 
 l.ens. 'J he picture is always seen right way up, both wfien taking vertical and horizontal pictures. 
 
 The front has f)otli rise and fall and horizontal motion. When open, the C'amei-a is like ah 
 ordinary ("amera. To close it. the front foUN on to the baseboard, and the whole camera foldn 
 Into the case like a fan. 
 
 Plates, cut films, or rollable fdms mav Ije used. 
 
 For Plates or cut films our Plate- Holders, w.tli patent spring bar, are supplit d. These Plate- 
 Holders are fitted with Recorders and improved Spring Catches. 
 
 Focal Plane Shutter Is fitted for high-speea photography when required. F.xtra light 
 Automatic Stand recommended. Handle for c urving and Shoulder i^trap attacheil to the case. 
 
 Case covered in bl;u!k leather. Inside Xx-^x Fiench-polished mahogany. 
 
 This Camera, wh'cti we have pleasure In pl.icinjr upon the market, has U'en designed after the 
 most caieful stud\ and t onsideration of the reiiuiremeiits of a perfect Camera for every cla>is of 
 v\i)rk,and <»ii*' that can be used both in the hand or upon a stand. No pains or expense have 
 iweii spared to produce the mo»t complete all-rouml Camer.i extant. 
 
 From the illiistr itions it will be seen that it is constructed on an rntli-ely new and original 
 |)lan. which |)ermits of numerous advantages not possessed by any other Cameni. 
 
 When dosed the Camei-a is very compact and of an elegant oblong .shain?, being most 
 convenient to carry. 
 
 The fiont of the (rase folds down to form the b;isebf.aril. At the same time the Cameni firmt 
 folds down with it. and the l)ack of the Camera draws forward into the jio^ltion ^hfiwn in Fig. 37, 
 and Is antomatlcallN locked rigidl.\ into position. 1'he front is then lifted u)i and snaps Into 
 position. If the Shutter has been previously set, it is then ivad>- for making the exiwisure. 
 
 TvMi forms of this Cajnera are made. 
 
 A Shape. The most compact is that shown In the illustrations. 1'his. when cloM^d. holds 
 
 <.i,e slide. 
 
 A set of six or twelve of our Patent Plate-Holders (for plates or cut films) is ri>commeiided, 
 which are carried in a sep.nate case exactly the sanie length and height as the Camera. 
 
 B Shape takes 5 Plate-Holders, or an Kastmaii Holl-Holder and two Plate-Holders when 
 closed, and is IJ inches thicker tliaii the sizes beU.w. the height and length being the sjim.-. This 
 size also takes a Focal Plane Shut ler and three Plate-Holders. 
 
 F.lther of the above forms are suitable for Ster< oscopic work, the iiictine- being taken on 
 separate i plates. Hoth Lenses being in use. a focussing s<-ale Is usi-d, and a s|,,;,|| Hrilliant 
 ••'inder ; also, one or both of t he pictures mav be focussed on tf) the groimd glass |,\ aid of the minor. 
 
 A Stereo. Shutter is litted in iilace of the single Shutter, and Is arnuiged -o that the Shutter 
 lllliul of the focussing Lens sli(ies Into position when required for Stei-eo. work, or is moved 
 away when reipiired for ] plate, s(» that the finder is left unojist ructed. 
 
 Camera, A shape as illustrated, measm-lng «inly 9^ x 6i x 5^ Incrhes. 
 
 ^•«'CES. A Shape, J Plate Size (4i x 3i )• 
 
 H ind ( amem. Including Twin Lenses, with Iri- Diaphnigms ; Tliorntoii-I'ickard Time 
 
 and Inst. Shutter withSp I 1 ndicator, anti lit Ldbet w .ii, t In' ( ombinaf ion« of 
 
 the Lens : and full AlumiiHum Fittings .. £17 10 0 
 
 Set of Six Plate-Holders (for 12 plates) .... 2 2 0 
 
 Leath.'r Case to hold the Six j'latc-IIolders 0 10 0 
 
 .\ut<^matic Stand ; sp,., ial Small Size Cil 6 
 
 b Shape, i-Plate Size (4i" x 3i )• 
 
 Hani Camera. Inchiding Tw in Lenses with Iri" Diaphnigms; Thornton- I'ickard Time 
 and In-I. Shutter w itliSpi-ed Indicator, and litted between the Combinations of 
 the Leii> ; and full .Vlundn nm Fittings; init made large enough to take Five 
 
 Plate Holder-. 01 a Holl-Holder ami Two Plate-Holdeis £18 Q 0 
 
 Ka-t man Poll Hold. 'r, for 48 Kxpi>sures 2 5 0 
 
 I h.iriiti.n-Pickard Focal Plane Shutter, with Speed Indlcjitor 1 18 6 
 
 Plate llol.ler- .•a. l, 0 7 0 
 
 i:itlier Shape, A or B. anaiiged foi' Stereoscopic work as well as for (trdlnarv picture-. 
 inclu(llng Tliornton-Plckanl Stereoscopic Time and lust. Shutter, with Sliding 
 Hlind, and w ith Hrilliant Finder and a Focussing .Scale F.xtni 2 10 0 
 
 31 
 
Plate Holder. 
 
 HORNTON-PlCKARD 
 
 PATENT 
 
 Plate 
 
 Holder 
 
 With Patent Spring Ban 
 
 PRICE, from 7/- eacli. 
 See opposite pa^^e for pi'ices of all sizes. 
 
 ADVANTAGES. 
 
 Gives ever5^bod3- satisfaction 
 A great siiccess. . 
 
 The most perfect slide ever introduced. 
 
 Nothing like it previously. 
 
 Better than the ordinary form, and 
 cheaper. 
 
 Plates changed in half the time, and in the dark 
 Lighter and more light proof. 
 
 Plate . Qxtra. SttifucL 
 Lens . TUm-nUn ^ickoAxL iRM. 
 Stop. /f 
 Exposure, is See- . 
 Liqht, -^.trxycL 
 Subject . -d^ttZ ^'Ctymy 
 
 Fig. 40. 
 
 Fig. 41, 
 
 Of best 
 workmanship, 
 
 and 
 well-finished. 
 
 [Continued on next page. 
 
 32 
 
Plate Holders. 
 
 T 
 
 
 
 TIh' I'lioriitoit-I'ickani I'lato HitUlvr—uontiniti-'lj- 
 DESCRIPTION. 
 
 UK iiiiiiortaiit fV-itmc iil>'nit tlii> I'latf Ildd. r. \sliicli is both diffi'rent and far superior to any 
 ()tti''r i)rfvi<»ii>l\- introdiici'd, is the aiilDiuatic Spring Bar. «iiicJi allows of the plate heinif 
 instaiillx I'lit in <ir taken out hy sinipiv pressing with the linger. At the same time it 
 -ecnrel> holds tlir plati' in position so that it cainiot possiblj- fall out, however much the Holder 
 ma\ be shakt-n aln)nt. 
 
 This I'iati' lliilderisof ver\ simple ciinstrnetion. and carries two plates. It is very much 
 lifrhter than tba <>rilinar\ book birni of Slide, and being made with ;i solid frame there is no 
 llal)ility to warp. It is perfectly light-tight and s;ife for the most sensitive plates, and is the most 
 convenient ami successful form of Dark Slide \et invented. Altogether superior to every kind 
 of solid slide. 
 
 The Shutters arc verv light and pull right out. the aperture being closed autoniatieally b\- a 
 coring cut-ott that prevents access of light. 'I'lie\ are lifted with an improved ff)rni of Spring 
 SnaporCatch, \N'bich pn-xents the Shutterfrom beingdrawn acciilentallv. and also with our patent 
 Hecorders that show at a glanc» which i)latcs have been exposed— ;ulding great l.\ to their etiiciency. 
 
 The Shutters are maile of opaipie black matei ial of si)ecial make, aiid are printed as shown in 
 Fig. 40. sn that partieiil irs of the exposure. <Scc.. ma>' be lilled in the blank spaces \\ itli a lead 
 pencil (which i;t-il> rub> oft when reijuireil ). The brand of plate used should be lilled in at the 
 time it is put into the I'lali- Holder. The other items are filled in when taking the jiliotograph. 
 which sa\e- the trouble r>f entering into a note book. These jiarticulars are \ ei-.v coti\ enient at 
 the time of develoiiment. and mav be i-op'ed into a note book as usual at any eonVenient time. 
 
 The I'late llolcler In suitable for use with UMALI.EH PLATKS by Using Plate ( arriers. and also for 
 tXT Kii.MS b\ u-ihg Film Carrier^. Prices of bctth kinds of Carriers will be fc^imd on jmge 38. 
 
 The Plate Ilolrlei- can be siip)iliei| to lit almost auy ("amera without alteration to the latter, 
 ami <loes not reipiin- an adajitor or other clumsy contriVance, but fits into the s»ime gi-ooves as the 
 original -li(|e> In-lon^jin^,' to the ( 'amera. 
 
 The Plate Holder is beautifull>- made of n)ahogany and French polished, and is therefore 
 suitable for use with the most expen>i\e or highh -linislied Cameras. 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE. 
 
 To Insert a Plate in the Holder, null one of the shutters right (ml (or nearly sO). Then, 
 taking hold of the plate in the left bai/tl. |iiisb the plate under the rabate at the toii end of the 
 Plate Holder, ami |iull back the Spring IJar with tin- forelinger of the right hand. The i)late will 
 now be in the position shown in I"ig. 41, nsling uj>on a spring which is not sliw ii in the Kngraving. 
 Now with the lett hand ))ress tin- iilale down into jx^sition, then the Spring IJar is allowed to 
 spring foi'ward ami in~tautl\ locks the platt! firndy. 
 
 To take the Plate Out, it is only necessary to jmll back the Sjiring Bar w ith the forehnger, 
 a^ aboNc describeil ; the plate is at once lifteu up bv the spring miderneatli to t he jMjsition shown 
 n Fiif. 1. and it can Ibereb.re be taken out with the other hand. 
 
 I here is an opaque di\ i-ion in ide the Holdi r which divides the two plates autlcarrieson each 
 side one of the al(o\e-mentioiied spring-. I bese springs serve the double purpose of keeping the 
 plates rlose up to correct fociis. and lifting them <»ut when re(pnred. 
 
 Whether the Holder is being loaded or unloade<l it is best to place it flat uivin a table. The 
 Shutter is drawn, the IMat<^ iuseiled. and the Shutter pushed in, without moving the Holder. 
 This is inlinitciv more convenient than the various operations that are necessarv with a book 
 form of Slid,.. 
 
 When the Slmtler is dr.iwn out ready for e.X|M)sure, instead of holding in the hand or 
 placing on the lop of tb " Camera, it mii>- be" hung on to the back of the IMate Holder by means of 
 till- hooked end of the Spring Snai>. there being a groove into which the hook lits. When the 
 Plate Holder i> jilaced bori/.ontallv the groove at the top edge is used, ami when \ertically the 
 groove in the top of the other shutter. This arrangenwnt is a great convenience. 
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 " 1 HID more than i)le isP(l Willi the Plal< in • I he I'late llul(lei» I liaii fntm vou a short time 
 
 thov lire hlmplv pprfe<-tioii T .M M , i-o are midsI siitisfactory in evrrv wav, and innch 
 
 ' The Phite Holders wor k very nicely ' I. i;. H ' more convenient to use limn Ihc huok (lattern " — 
 
 • riiey HIT hr-t chuss I am iiinch plciiscd with K. \V. 
 
 thfiii, uiid my client dell>,'lited.' K. M. '• 1 am very pleased iudeod with the I'late 
 
 • I like the" Plato Holder Immensely It Is won I Holdei-s. lis they nie eon venlcnt in every way. and I 
 derfully clever " W SH. " , iiiii iccoiiimendiDK ihem to many ol my friends."— 
 
 " I ai'ii \\c\[ sitlstied with its Hnish. and consider (i. It 
 It the hestof its kind in the market . "-1' It 
 
 PRICES. 
 
 Kacli Plate Holder takes two plates or two cut lilms in Carriers. 
 8i/,e in inches .... 4i x 31 5x4 6i x 4j 6J x 3^ 7i x 5 8i x 6i 10 x 8 12 x lOin. 
 
 Price each 7- 8 - 9 - U- 12 '- 15 - 21- 27 6 
 
 Internie liati- sif.c's same price as the next si/e larger. Spe<;ial and Continental s\/a's made to 
 order. When ordering )dease state what numbers air to be put on the I'late HoUler. Two I\ory 
 numbi-r.- are lilted into each Holder. 
 
 If reipiired bir a Tliornton-Pickard Camera it is nol .iieces.sary to send a -lideas a pattern, and 
 In that ca.se no charge is made Uw (itting. For other Cajneras a slide i- reijiiin-d, or better -till, 
 the rexersiiig back, ami a >mall charge is maile, according to time taken. 
 
Recorder. 
 
 HORNTON-PlCKARD 
 
 PATENT 
 
 Recorder 
 
 For Dark Slides or Plate Holders. 
 
 BEFORE EXPOSURE 
 VlG. 42. 
 
 AFTER EXPOSURE 
 FiU. 43. 
 
 Trice of Kecoi'der, 
 SIXPESM-CE: Each. 
 Fitting to Slide, ;{d. extra. 
 
 One Kecordoi- is re(niire(l fur 
 each |>l}i,tc— tlijil is. two for a 
 Double Slide or one for a Single 
 Slide. 
 
 NOTK. Thr lirconli'i- is fitted 
 tixdl Dark Slidcsdiitl /'late 
 Hiildi of our ntdiiKf'dcture 
 icitlioKt ( .rtra charge. 
 
 Shows at a glance which 
 Plates have been exposed. 
 Prevents two Pictures being 
 taken on one Plate. 
 
 THIS simple little device is a, great success and gives' evcryljody satisfaction; it <^;'&l't: t'' '-e 
 lifted to every Dark Slide and Plate Holder. It records automatically 'which plates have 
 been exposed and which have not. 
 
 THK Hecordei- is fitted at the top of the Slide (as shown in Yv^. 44) and caii therefore be seen 
 without taking the Slides out of the carrying case or l)aR. Tt lirs down flat before exposure 
 (see Fig. 42). bnt flies up and stands upon edge after expoMur (as ni iMg. 45) ; so that it can 
 be seen at a glance which plates have been exposed and wiiicb liav,^ not . At the s:inie tune it doe'. 
 
 ale 
 
 hen reipiii-ed. 
 
 not been used, the 
 
 It saves a vvorl<'. 
 
 expnMU-e. It 
 banclli' or pi'o- 
 lide is v\ ithilrawn 
 
 gbnice which pi 
 not lock the Shutter of the Slide, and if this has been di a 
 Shutter can be jnished back again and drawii a second tii 
 
 THIS simple device prevents the danger of taking two inctures on one plate 
 of trouble, and is an infallible substitute for the memory. 
 
 THK Recorder consists of a small hinged plate or lid. which lies don ii Hat 1 
 is lifted at the top of the Slide, as above stated, and m >ucli :i p.,sition th: 
 
 iecting part of the Shutter holds it down. ;oon a> Die .shutter ot the suae is wunuravvn 
 to expose the plate, the lid flies open by uieans of a steel spring, which at the same tune forms the 
 hinge of the Recorder, and discloses the word 
 
 "EXPOSED." reiuaiiiing in this position until sKmsixPiisuREj ^: _ ^:_^M .. AFT£R EXPjlSURE 
 
 the Slide is again cliarged with a fresh plate in *i 
 the dark room. The Recorder may be set ready 
 for the next exposure by simply "closing down 
 tlie lid with the forelinger. at the same time 
 closing the Shutter of the Dark Slide. 
 
 TH K Recorder is easily lifted to Slides, bnt we 
 prefer to do this where possible. Slides 
 may l)e sent to us direct or through anv 
 dealer. As a rule they can generally be returned 
 fitted the next day. A convenient way to send 
 them is by parcel post. The weight of a parcel 
 containing three i-plate Slides is about 2ilhs., 
 which costs 6d. 
 
 THORNTON - PIC HARD 
 
 lilli^iiililii' 
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 "I can't teil yoi how valuable 1 liave fo'.uid 
 your little ]>;u U Slide Kccoidei- to be. Many a 
 time tliey liavc saved lur fioiu exposing a plate 
 twice over I \voulil not l)e without tliem at any 
 cost '- E. H. 
 
 •• Your Kecoriler is an exccHcut one; most 
 simple and most effective." — \V. L. 
 
 " I am verv pleased witli the Dark Slide He- 
 (•(ii-dei-s, which I have found invaluable, when 
 cxiwsinir inanv plates in one day." M. ('. 
 
 "The I>arl< Slide Ilecorder is a very simple and 
 useful indicator. It does not lock the Shutter 
 after an exposure, but it shows that the slide has 
 been \vitMra,v/n." —P/wfogra/iJiiJ. 
 
Plumb Indicator. 
 
 i.^)/^ k^^'ir* v^)' 
 
 HORNTON-0ICKARD 
 
 PATENT 
 
 Plumb Indicator 
 
 FOR ATTACHING TO CAMERA. CANNOT GET LOST. 
 NO SKILL REQUIRED TO FIX. 
 
 Price SIXPENCE Each. 
 
 il'tjut free, Scvcnpcnce.i 
 Also siijiplicd to dealem un Show Cards conluiiiiinj one dozen. 
 
 hiibject in which thfii^ ate 
 \ ei t ical liiif.-.. such as hiiihl- 
 tn^i-, iVc.. ii i> al>«ioliil(>l> iieros- 
 <*ary that the •^eii-ili\<- |ilalr slioiiM 
 liailK pllllllh, or th<- vi-rtical lines 
 will not hf i)arallfl in the resnltin-i 
 lihotonrapli. IL i> 'lillicnll to jniljie 
 when the phite dot^ hang pinnili 
 witiioni fithii- a >|>ifit level oi- a 
 Flunili liMllr:il«»r. The latter i.s 
 l«y lar Ihr .Hiiii|tlrHt ami the Im'.sI 
 (Tevice. It is iici rnanent ly screwed 
 to the Swinj( Hack of the Camera, 
 aufl nilliiot K«'l losl. It shows at 
 ■A j^lance. \sith certainty, when the 
 Camera Har'k and Sensitive Plate are 
 I nie and pliiml). 
 
 NS shown tnll size in Ki^. !">. it 
 consists oi a -wiiifiinn |ioint<'r 
 allaihcd to a plate that can he 
 (<cre\\cd perniHiiently to tlie Swinn 
 Hack of the Camera.' It is very sen- 
 bitive in its ai-tion, immeliately 
 
 sliowing at a glance the slightest de- 
 viation from tlie perpeiidienlar. 
 
 ((^iv/UK.\ photofiraphin^ liuildirig.s, 
 Y Ac, in contined >it nations, it. 
 i> oitcn necessary to in<'line tlie 
 Camera npwapls (as shown in Fig. 
 in ordci to get the more elevated 
 part of tJie snliject npon the sensi- 
 tive plate, whicii l>ring> the Itack ot 
 the Camera (and confeipienl ly the 
 plate) to the po-ition >hown tiy 
 dotte.l lines B. It the plat<- is e.\- 
 po9"il in this i)Ositioi\ the vertical 
 lines ot the Imildings will not t)e 
 jiarallel in tin' resnlting i)liotograi>h ; 
 tlie etTect will he what is generally 
 termed "drunken archit •c1 ure '" 
 everything will look askew. It. \nm- 
 ever. the .Swing Hack ot the CameiH 
 is placed in the position A (see 
 Fig. Iti) with till- Indicidor e\actly 
 plnmt). the photograph will l»e cor- 
 rect, and there will he no diverging 
 or converging vt-rtical lines in it. 
 
 Fitting: to Camera. 
 
 VUi. I'3 
 
 lin. upon a posiliun on one sjde oi the (,'amera that doe- 
 not interfere with the bras» plates or stretcher-. I'lace 
 one edge of the black i>late carrying tlie swinging IMnmh 
 exactlv parallel with the straiglit edg«' of the Camera, and 
 screw down tight with the screws supplied. 
 
 Snii out cuiH/ihie mlh tcrews rraili/ /m fi.riii'j. 
 
Shutter Price List, 
 
Shutter Price List, 
 
 37 
 
Camera Price List. 
 
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 INFORMATION ^j. tiiorxtox-pk k ard 
 
 Concerning the ^ Time and Instantaneous Shutter. 
 
 (O'Kfllrirufy. 
 
 ON K of the (riTJtte-t ;i'lv!mta;|f> of tlic I hnniion-fickaifl Shutter is its hiph rfHeflicioncy, as 
 the followhiff coin pari -on will >ho\v: It a shutter that works slowly across tlie leiis (and 
 of which there are iiiauy kinds) is arranged to give a certain exposure, of say one second, 
 it will hp either opcniiiR or closing during the whole of that time : that is to say. it will 
 coinmence to close again as soon as it hasarrived at full open, and the result is that its co-efTiciency 
 (which means the propoifion of light that reaches and acts tii>on the jMate duringexposure outof 
 the total voliMue that the lens is capable of passing) will he very low. not more than about 50 per 
 cent. The exposure therefore will (inl>- he equivalent to half a second expf)sure. The Thornton- 
 f'ickard Shutter i-, however, a most efficient one. Take for example a "Time" exiwsure of tho 
 san\e dunition ;»> in tiie above example, vi/.. one second. In this case the .Shutter would open in 
 about l-50th of a second ; remain oi>en for 48-50ths of a second, and close in the remaining l-50th 
 of a second ; thtis its co-elliciency in that case w ould he 48-50ths or 96 per cent, of the whole. 
 
 This jKJint is of the utmost importanc k. and should not be lost sight of when purchasing a 
 -butter. It should be remembered that the speed at which a shutter mav be worked is limited 
 bv the rate of or liability to nmvement in the object to he photographed. This, combined with 
 the distance of the object from the camera, is the primary factor in all photographic exiKtsures— 
 e-peciall\- in-tantaneons on« s. 
 
 There is alwa\ s a liabilit>- to imder rather than over exposure in instantaneous work, and it 
 1- therefore nhsatu'el;/ tu-feitanj, in r)rder X<\ insure success, that the Shutter should utilise as 
 larije a i>roportion of "light as pcjssible in the limited time of exjiosure. If it does not do so then 
 failure nia>- he ex|wcted. With such a shutter there is the choice of two evils— either under 
 exposure owing to its low elTicienc\-, or a longer exposure, which would mean movement of the 
 object, and conse(|ueut1\- a bhured image. 
 
 It will be seen, therefore, that a shutter of high co-efficiency is a sine qiid non. Such a 
 shutter is the Thornton-I'ickard. 
 
 Settlns and Kcloa8liig. 
 
 It is wound up by simply pulling a cord. 
 
 If Is set for Piiiie or Instantaneous Kxposines bv placing the pointer opposite the words 
 " Time " or '* Inst." and will give the same exposure \uitil the j)ointer is moved. 
 
 It can be released b>- the I>neumatic hall and tube without shaking the camera ; or by trigger 
 release ; or by a cord. There is no shake in releasing. 
 
 KxpoKiiis. 
 
 Ky using this Shutter the object to be photographed can J)e observed up to the last moment, 
 and during exj>osin'e, as the ordinarx len> rap is not re<|uired. It isthus jMissible to expose justat 
 the right monu-nt. and to cl<»e the Shutter iustantlx' should there be any movement of the subject. 
 
 The Shutter "take,- in>tantl\ the ball i- s(|uee/.ed." 
 
 It is perfectly light-tight, and the plate may therefore remain luicovered, witli the Shutter 
 set, up to the moment of exposme. 
 
 For giring very long exposiu es to •• interior- " ami other dark places, pull the cord half-way ; 
 the Shutter will then keep open an> length of time without holding the pneumatic ball. 
 
 Duration of E\poHiire. 
 
 With this Shutter any length of exjiosure can l>e obtained, from l-90th of a second down- 
 warfls. or it ran he kept ojien for an> ntiniber of seconds. 
 
 To get an exposin-e of jof a second set the Shutter tVir "Time." then scpiee/.e the nail asnipidly 
 a- jvi— ihle and as rapiilh let go. For i a second give a more decidwl squeeze and let go. 
 
 These short exposures can be obtained, because this Shutter works with one squeeze, but they 
 caimot with those shutters that recpiii-e two s<pieezes. 
 
 Absence of Vibration. 
 
 There is absoluteh No VI HRATION, owing to the fact that the moving parts arc extremely 
 light and perfectly balanced. 
 
 t'onsequentiv the Shutter dot's not injure the most expensive lenses, as is commonly the 
 case with heavy" shutters that shake or jar. Many a i>hotograph is completely spoiled by tb0 
 shaking of thc camera dunng the act of removingthe lens cap. 
 
 Fitting to Various Lenses. 
 
 The Shutter is easih titled to the hoods or tubes of various lenses b>- means of Ilubber 
 Adaptors (see page 17). I'erfect fit e;tn lie obtained b\ means of a screw adjustment. I'urchasers 
 should see that the Shutter lits the lens ^x/yVe////. Tlie Shutter can. if desired, bo screwed to tho 
 front of the camera so as to wor1» behmd the lens, as on the "J{ub\ " Camera, the lens b"ing 
 mounted on the front. The Shutter cun be siip)ilied with additional lof»se iianels for other flanges, 
 so that various lenses can be used ; the panels la-ten into the Shutter ju-t as they would into the 
 can>era front. 
 
 Parlous Advantages. 
 
 It i« the f>est all-round Shutter in the market, and is suital>le for irerii class of work. It is 
 theoretically and practlcallv what a shutter ought to be. It is (|uite "up to date," and Is made to 
 stand all climates. It Is not liable to get out of order. It is very suitable for dctecthe or hand 
 cameras. It can be used with anv stop in the lens. It will work upside down, sideways, or In 
 anv other position. The ta-sel shows at a glance whether the Shutter is wound up or not. It is 
 reliable, -impli\ well made, and of Wst finish. When used before the lens it protects the lens 
 from dust, flirt. )noisture. sea spnn-, Ac. 
 
 Theoreticalh thi- Sbutt' r gives sliplilly more exposure to the toreground. but. practically it 
 gi\rs equal illumination all omt the plal-. 
 
V 
 • 
 
 DIRECTIONS ^ Thomton=Pickard 
 
 For Using the ^ SHUTTER. 
 
 The blind is wound up for 
 exposure by pulling the cord as far 
 as possible, and is released by 
 squeezing the pneumatic ball. 
 
 (Time Exposures, if a pro- 
 longed or " Time " exposure is de- 
 sii-ed, place the pointer at the word 
 ** Time," the Shutter will then open 
 immediately the ball is squeezed, 
 and remain open until the pressure 
 is released ; thus an exposure of any 
 desired length may be obtained. 
 
 For " Time " Exposures it is 
 advisable to have very little tension, 
 for which purpose press the small 
 click-spring which catches in the 
 speed-knob S ; this will release the 
 knob and allow the spring to run 
 down. In case the spring is allowed 
 to run dow n too far, give the speed, 
 knob two or three turns, until the 
 tension is sufficient to make the 
 blind work. 
 
 This is not necessary if a Speed 
 Indicator is fitted. 
 
 instantaneous BjpOSUre, For this the pointer should be moved 
 opposite the word " Inst." ; the Shutter will then give a rapid exposure as 
 soon as the ball is squeezed. 
 
 The speed may be varied by means of the small knob marked S in the 
 illustration; each turn of this increases the rapiditj", if the spring-catch is 
 pressed away from the knob the spring will run down as explained above, and 
 the Shutter work slowly. 
 
 SpeeC) indicator. For a small extra charge we fit 
 an Indicator for showing the speed of the Shutter (see 
 page 18) ; this is a great acquisition. When this is not 
 fitted an ivory label is fitted instead. This shows the high- 
 est and lowest speeds, and is fitted free of charge. 
 
 BjPOSlng interiors or other dark places which 
 require a long exposure. This may be done without squeez- 
 ing the pneumatic ball all the time. Simply pull the cord 
 half-way, and leave the Shutter open until the exposure is finished, then 
 squeeze the ball and the Shutter Avill close. 
 
 Do not oil the Shutter, or do so very sparingly, as the mechanism does not 
 require it. If any oil gets on the blind it will make it sticky. This, however, 
 ran generally be remedied by sprinkling on the affected part a little powdered 
 black lead. 
 
 The ball is joined to the tube by a screw connection, see page 16. If the 
 ball becomes deflated, it may be iniscrewed from the tube ; it will then re-fill 
 with air, and after screwing up tight again is ready for use.